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Olatoke T, Wagner A, Astrinidis A, Zhang EY, Guo M, Zhang AG, Mattam U, Kopras EJ, Gupta N, Smith EP, Karbowniczek M, Markiewski MM, Wikenheiser-Brokamp KA, Whitsett JA, McCormack FX, Xu Y, Yu JJ. Single-cell multiomic analysis identifies a HOX-PBX gene network regulating the survival of lymphangioleiomyomatosis cells. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadf8549. [PMID: 37163604 PMCID: PMC10171823 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf8549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare, progressive lung disease that predominantly affects women. LAM cells carry TSC1/TSC2 mutations, causing mTORC1 hyperactivation and uncontrolled cell growth. mTORC1 inhibitors stabilize lung function; however, sustained efficacy requires long-term administration, and some patients fail to tolerate or respond to therapy. Although the genetic basis of LAM is known, mechanisms underlying LAM pathogenesis remain elusive. We integrated single-cell RNA sequencing and single-nuclei ATAC-seq of LAM lungs to construct a gene regulatory network controlling the transcriptional program of LAM cells. We identified activation of uterine-specific HOX-PBX transcriptional programs in pulmonary LAMCORE cells as regulators of cell survival depending upon HOXD11-PBX1 dimerization. Accordingly, blockage of HOXD11-PBX1 dimerization by HXR9 suppressed LAM cell survival in vitro and in vivo. PBX1 regulated STAT1/3, increased the expression of antiapoptotic genes, and promoted LAM cell survival in vitro. The HOX-PBX gene network provides promising targets for treatment of LAM/TSC mTORC1-hyperactive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnim Olatoke
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Andrew Wagner
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Aristotelis Astrinidis
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Erik Y. Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Minzhe Guo
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Alan G. Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Ushodaya Mattam
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Elizabeth J. Kopras
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Nishant Gupta
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Eric P. Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Magdalena Karbowniczek
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
| | - Maciej M. Markiewski
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
| | - Kathryn A. Wikenheiser-Brokamp
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Whitsett
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Francis X. McCormack
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jane J. Yu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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Astrinidis A, Li C, Zhang EY, Zhao X, Zhao S, Guo M, Olatoke T, Mattam U, Huang R, Zhang AG, Pitstick L, Kopras EJ, Gupta N, Jandarov R, Smith EP, Fugate E, Lindquist D, Markiewski MM, Karbowniczek M, Wikenheiser-Brokamp KA, Setchell KDR, McCormack FX, Xu Y, Yu JJ. Upregulation of acid ceramidase contributes to tumor progression in tuberous sclerosis complex. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e166850. [PMID: 36927688 PMCID: PMC10243802 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.166850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is characterized by multisystem, low-grade neoplasia involving the lung, kidneys, brain, and heart. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a progressive pulmonary disease affecting almost exclusively women. TSC and LAM are both caused by mutations in TSC1 and TSC2 that result in mTORC1 hyperactivation. Here, we report that single-cell RNA sequencing of LAM lungs identified activation of genes in the sphingolipid biosynthesis pathway. Accordingly, the expression of acid ceramidase (ASAH1) and dihydroceramide desaturase (DEGS1), key enzymes controlling sphingolipid and ceramide metabolism, was significantly increased in TSC2-null cells. TSC2 negatively regulated the biosynthesis of tumorigenic sphingolipids, and suppression of ASAH1 by shRNA or the inhibitor ARN14976 (17a) resulted in markedly decreased TSC2-null cell viability. In vivo, 17a significantly decreased the growth of TSC2-null cell-derived mouse xenografts and short-term lung colonization by TSC2-null cells. Combined rapamycin and 17a treatment synergistically inhibited renal cystadenoma growth in Tsc2+/- mice, consistent with increased ASAH1 expression and activity being rapamycin insensitive. Collectively, the present study identifies rapamycin-insensitive ASAH1 upregulation in TSC2-null cells and tumors and provides evidence that targeting aberrant sphingolipid biosynthesis pathways has potential therapeutic value in mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1-hyperactive neoplasms, including TSC and LAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristotelis Astrinidis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Chenggang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Erik Y. Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Xueheng Zhao
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Shuyang Zhao
- Divisions of Pulmonary Biology and Biomedical Informatics, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Minzhe Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Divisions of Pulmonary Biology and Biomedical Informatics, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Tasnim Olatoke
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ushodaya Mattam
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Rong Huang
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Alan G. Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lori Pitstick
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Elizabeth J. Kopras
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Nishant Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Roman Jandarov
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Eric P. Smith
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Elizabeth Fugate
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Diana Lindquist
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Maciej M. Markiewski
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, Texas, USA
| | - Magdalena Karbowniczek
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, Texas, USA
| | - Kathryn A. Wikenheiser-Brokamp
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Division of Pulmonary Medicine; and Division of Pulmonary Biology, Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kenneth D. R. Setchell
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Francis X. McCormack
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Divisions of Pulmonary Biology and Biomedical Informatics, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jane J. Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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3
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Lahooti B, Akwii RG, Patel D, ShahbaziNia S, Lamprou M, Madadi M, Abbruscato TJ, Astrinidis A, Bickel U, Al-Ahmad A, German NA, Mattheolabakis G, Mikelis CM. Endothelial-Specific Targeting of RhoA Signaling via CD31 Antibody-Conjugated Nanoparticles. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 385:35-49. [PMID: 36746610 PMCID: PMC10029826 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Existing vascular endothelial growth factor-oriented antiangiogenic approaches are known for their high potency. However, significant side effects associated with their use drive the need for novel antiangiogenic strategies. The small GTPase RhoA is an established regulator of actin cytoskeletal dynamics. Previous studies have highlighted the impact of endothelial RhoA pathway on angiogenesis. Rho-associate kinase (ROCK), a direct RhoA effector, is potently inhibited by Fasudil, a clinically relevant ROCK inhibitor. Here, we aimed to target the RhoA signaling in endothelial cells by generating Fasudil-encapsulated CD31-targeting liposomes as a potential antiangiogenic therapy. The liposomes presented desirable characteristics, preferential binding to CD31-expressing HEK293T cells and to endothelial cells, inhibited stress fiber formation and cytoskeletal-related morphometric parameters, and inhibited in vitro angiogenic functions. Overall, this work shows that the nanodelivery-mediated endothelial targeting of RhoA signaling can offer a promising strategy for angiogenesis inhibition in vascular-related diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Systemic administration of antiangiogenic therapeutics induces side effects to non-targeted tissues. This study, among others, has shown the impact of the RhoA signaling in the endothelial cells and their angiogenic functions. Here, to minimize potential toxicity, this study generated CD31-targeting liposomes with encapsulated Fasudil, a clinically relevant Rho kinase inhibitor, and successfully targeted endothelial cells. In this proof-of-principle study, the efficient Fasudil delivery, its impact on the endothelial signaling, morphometric alterations, and angiogenic functions verify the benefits of site-targeted antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Lahooti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas (B.L., R.G.A., D.P., S.S., T.J.A., U.B., A.A.-A., N.A.G., C.M.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece(M.L., C.M.M.); Department of Marketing and Business Analytics, Lucas College and Graduate School of Business, San Jose State University, San Jose, California (M.M.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.A.); and School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana (G.M.)
| | - Racheal G Akwii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas (B.L., R.G.A., D.P., S.S., T.J.A., U.B., A.A.-A., N.A.G., C.M.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece(M.L., C.M.M.); Department of Marketing and Business Analytics, Lucas College and Graduate School of Business, San Jose State University, San Jose, California (M.M.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.A.); and School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana (G.M.)
| | - Dhavalkumar Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas (B.L., R.G.A., D.P., S.S., T.J.A., U.B., A.A.-A., N.A.G., C.M.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece(M.L., C.M.M.); Department of Marketing and Business Analytics, Lucas College and Graduate School of Business, San Jose State University, San Jose, California (M.M.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.A.); and School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana (G.M.)
| | - Siavash ShahbaziNia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas (B.L., R.G.A., D.P., S.S., T.J.A., U.B., A.A.-A., N.A.G., C.M.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece(M.L., C.M.M.); Department of Marketing and Business Analytics, Lucas College and Graduate School of Business, San Jose State University, San Jose, California (M.M.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.A.); and School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana (G.M.)
| | - Margarita Lamprou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas (B.L., R.G.A., D.P., S.S., T.J.A., U.B., A.A.-A., N.A.G., C.M.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece(M.L., C.M.M.); Department of Marketing and Business Analytics, Lucas College and Graduate School of Business, San Jose State University, San Jose, California (M.M.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.A.); and School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana (G.M.)
| | - Mahboubeh Madadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas (B.L., R.G.A., D.P., S.S., T.J.A., U.B., A.A.-A., N.A.G., C.M.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece(M.L., C.M.M.); Department of Marketing and Business Analytics, Lucas College and Graduate School of Business, San Jose State University, San Jose, California (M.M.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.A.); and School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana (G.M.)
| | - Thomas J Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas (B.L., R.G.A., D.P., S.S., T.J.A., U.B., A.A.-A., N.A.G., C.M.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece(M.L., C.M.M.); Department of Marketing and Business Analytics, Lucas College and Graduate School of Business, San Jose State University, San Jose, California (M.M.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.A.); and School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana (G.M.)
| | - Aristotelis Astrinidis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas (B.L., R.G.A., D.P., S.S., T.J.A., U.B., A.A.-A., N.A.G., C.M.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece(M.L., C.M.M.); Department of Marketing and Business Analytics, Lucas College and Graduate School of Business, San Jose State University, San Jose, California (M.M.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.A.); and School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana (G.M.)
| | - Ulrich Bickel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas (B.L., R.G.A., D.P., S.S., T.J.A., U.B., A.A.-A., N.A.G., C.M.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece(M.L., C.M.M.); Department of Marketing and Business Analytics, Lucas College and Graduate School of Business, San Jose State University, San Jose, California (M.M.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.A.); and School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana (G.M.)
| | - Abraham Al-Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas (B.L., R.G.A., D.P., S.S., T.J.A., U.B., A.A.-A., N.A.G., C.M.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece(M.L., C.M.M.); Department of Marketing and Business Analytics, Lucas College and Graduate School of Business, San Jose State University, San Jose, California (M.M.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.A.); and School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana (G.M.)
| | - Nadezhda A German
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas (B.L., R.G.A., D.P., S.S., T.J.A., U.B., A.A.-A., N.A.G., C.M.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece(M.L., C.M.M.); Department of Marketing and Business Analytics, Lucas College and Graduate School of Business, San Jose State University, San Jose, California (M.M.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.A.); and School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana (G.M.)
| | - George Mattheolabakis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas (B.L., R.G.A., D.P., S.S., T.J.A., U.B., A.A.-A., N.A.G., C.M.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece(M.L., C.M.M.); Department of Marketing and Business Analytics, Lucas College and Graduate School of Business, San Jose State University, San Jose, California (M.M.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.A.); and School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana (G.M.)
| | - Constantinos M Mikelis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas (B.L., R.G.A., D.P., S.S., T.J.A., U.B., A.A.-A., N.A.G., C.M.M.); Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece(M.L., C.M.M.); Department of Marketing and Business Analytics, Lucas College and Graduate School of Business, San Jose State University, San Jose, California (M.M.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.A.); and School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana (G.M.)
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4
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Kumar P, Zadjali F, Yao Y, Johnson D, Siroky B, Astrinidis A, Vogel P, Gross KW, Bissler JJ. Tsc2 mutation induces renal tubular cell nonautonomous disease. Genes Dis 2022; 9:187-200. [PMID: 35005118 PMCID: PMC8720703 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
TSC renal cystic disease is poorly understood and has no approved treatment. In a new principal cell-targeted murine model of Tsc cystic disease, the renal cystic epithelium is mostly composed of type A intercalated cells with an intact Tsc2 gene confirmed by sequencing, although these cells exhibit a Tsc-mutant disease phenotype. We used a newly derived targeted murine model in lineage tracing and extracellular vesicle (EV) characterization experiments and a cell culture model in EV characterization and cellular induction experiments to understand TSC cystogenesis. Using lineage tracing experiments, we found principal cells undergo clonal expansion but contribute very few cells to the cyst. We determined that cystic kidneys contain more interstitial EVs than noncystic kidneys, excrete fewer EVs in urine, and contain EVs in cyst fluid. Moreover, the loss of Tsc2 gene in EV-producing cells greatly changes the effect of EVs on renal tubular epithelium, such that the epithelium develops increased secretory and proliferative pathway activity. We demonstate that the mTORC1 pathway activity is independent form the EV production, and that the EV effects for a single cell line can vary significantly. TSC cystogenesis involves significant contribution from genetically intact cells conscripted to the mutant phenotype by mutant cell derived EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA.,Children's Foundation Research Institute (CFRI), Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Fahad Zadjali
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA.,Children's Foundation Research Institute (CFRI), Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Ying Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA.,Children's Foundation Research Institute (CFRI), Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Daniel Johnson
- Molecular Bioinformatics Center, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Brian Siroky
- Children's Foundation Research Institute (CFRI), Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Aristotelis Astrinidis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Kenneth W Gross
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - John J Bissler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA.,Children's Foundation Research Institute (CFRI), Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.,Pediatric Medicine Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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5
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Kumar P, Zadjali F, Yao Y, Siroky B, Astrinidis A, Gross KW, Bissler JJ. Tsc Gene Locus Disruption and Differences in Renal Epithelial Extracellular Vesicles. Front Physiol 2021; 12:630933. [PMID: 34262466 PMCID: PMC8273388 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.630933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), Tsc2 mutations are associated with more severe disease manifestations than Tsc1 mutations and the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in this context is not yet studied. We report a comparative analysis of EVs derived from isogenic renal cells except for Tsc1 or Tsc2 gene status and hypothesized that in spite of having similar physical characteristics, EVs modulate signaling pathways differently, thus leading to TSC heterogenicity. We used mouse inner medullary collecting duct (mIMCD3) cells with the Tsc1 (T1G cells) or Tsc2 (T2J cells) gene disrupted by CRISPR/CAS9. EVs were isolated from the cell culture media by size-exclusion column chromatography followed by detailed physical and chemical characterization. Physical characterization of EVs was accessed by tunable resistive pulse sensing and dynamic light scattering, revealing similar average sizes and zeta potentials (at pH 7.4) for EVs from mIMCD3 (123.5 ± 5.7 nm and −16.3 ± 2.1 mV), T1G cells (131.5 ± 8.3 nm and −19.8 ± 2.7 mV), and T2J cells (127.3 ± 4.9 nm and −20.2 ± 2.1 mV). EVs derived from parental mIMCD3 cells and both mutated cell lines were heterogeneous (>90% of EVs < 150 nm) in nature. Immunoblotting detected cilial Hedgehog signaling protein Arl13b; intercellular proteins TSG101 and Alix; and transmembrane proteins CD63, CD9, and CD81. Compared to Tsc2 deletion, Tsc1 deletion cells had reduced EV production and release rates. EVs from Tsc1 mutant cells altered mTORC1, autophagy, and β-catenin pathways differently than EVs from Tsc2-mutated cells. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed the down regulation of miR-212a-3p and miR-99a-5p in EVs from Tsc2-mutated cells compared to EVs from Tsc1-mutant cells. Thus, EV-derived miR-212-3p and mIR-99a-5p axes may represent therapeutic targets or biomarkers for TSC disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Fahad Zadjali
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ying Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Brian Siroky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Aristotelis Astrinidis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Kenneth W Gross
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - John J Bissler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
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6
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Zadjali F, Kumar P, Yao Y, Johnson D, Astrinidis A, Vogel P, Gross KW, Bissler JJ. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Axis Controls Renal Extracellular Vesicle Production and Protein Content. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1729. [PMID: 32138326 PMCID: PMC7084746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tuberous sclerosis complex (Tsc) proteins regulate the conserved mTORC1 growth regulation pathway. We identified that loss of the Tsc2 gene in mouse inner medullary collecting duct (mIMCD) cells induced a greater than two-fold increase in extracellular vesicle (EV) production compared to the same cells having an intact Tsc axis. We optimized EV isolation using a well-established size exclusion chromatography method to produce high purity EVs. Electron microscopy confirmed the purity and spherical shape of EVs. Both tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) demonstrated that the isolated EVs possessed a heterogenous size distribution. Approximately 90% of the EVs were in the 100-250 nm size range, while approximately 10% had a size greater than 250 nm. Western blot analysis using proteins isolated from the EVs revealed the cellular proteins Alix and TSG101, the transmembrane proteins CD63, CD81, and CD9, and the primary cilia Hedgehog signaling-related protein Arl13b. Proteomic analysis of EVs identified a significant difference between the Tsc2-intact and Tsc2-deleted cell that correlated well with the increased production. The EVs may be involved in tissue homeostasis and cause disease by overproduction and altered protein content. The EVs released by renal cyst epithelia in TSC complex may serve as a tool to discover the mechanism of TSC cystogenesis and in developing potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Zadjali
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (P.K.); (Y.Y.); (A.A.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute (CFRI), Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (P.K.); (Y.Y.); (A.A.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute (CFRI), Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Ying Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (P.K.); (Y.Y.); (A.A.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute (CFRI), Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Daniel Johnson
- Molecular Bioinformatics Center, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, TN 38103, USA;
| | - Aristotelis Astrinidis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (P.K.); (Y.Y.); (A.A.)
| | - Peter Vogel
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
| | - Kenneth W. Gross
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
| | - John J. Bissler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (P.K.); (Y.Y.); (A.A.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute (CFRI), Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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7
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Filippidou N, Valianou M, Johnson DL, Bissler JJ, Astrinidis A. Abstract 3022: Dissecting rapamycin resistance in a Tsc2-null rat leiomyoma cell line developed in a murine xenograft. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-3022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Despite the identification of mTOR hyperactivation as the main biochemical defect downstream of TSC1/TSC2 inactivation in Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC), and the approval of rapamycin and rapalogs for the treatment of the related lesions, these drugs are cytostatic and continued treatment is required for clinical benefit. The latter raises the possibility of acquired drug resistance over long-term use. To explore the mechanisms leading to rapamycin resistance in LAM/TSC, we xenografted SCID mice with ELT3 cells (Tsc2-null derived from an Eker rat uterine leiomyoma), explanted a tumor that was not responsive to rapamycin, and generated cell line ELT3-245. The cell growth of ELT3-245 is not inhibited by rapamycin in vitro. SCID mice inoculated with ELT3-245 form palpable tumors significantly faster, compared to ELT3 cells, respond very poorly to rapamycin at the initial stages of treatment, but soon become non-responsive. In addition, these cells form macroscopically visible metastases to the lungs of ELT3-245 tumor-bearing mice. We performed global gene expression profiling, comparing ELT3-245 to ELT3 cells, and found that the rapamycin-resistant cells have decreased expression of genes associated with epithelial cells and increased expression of genes associated with mesenchymal-like characteristics. Relative gene expression of Myc, Egfr, Akt2, Jun, and Ocln were assessed by RT-qPCR in ELT3 vs ELT3-245 after 24h of treatment with 20 nM rapamycin or DMSO. Important discrepancies include a 2.8-fold increased expression of Egfr under rapamycin treatment in ELT3 cells but not in ELT3-245; however, ELT3-245 had a 15-fold higher expression of Egfr prior to treatment, compared to ELT3. In addition, ELT3-245 cells strikingly increase expression of Myc when challenged with rapamycin, compared to ELT3. Similarly, Akt2 is increased considerably under rapamycin treatment in ELT3-245 and is already higher prior to treatment compared to ELT3. Finally, Ocln expression was at least 100-fold reduced in ELT3-245, compared to ELT3, both under rapamycin treatment and no-treatment conditions. These results suggest that Myc, Egfr, Akt2, and Ocln are among the genes highly relevant to acquired rapamycin resistance in this Tsc2-null rat leiomyoma cell line and point toward the pathways that need to be interfered with in order to overcome it.
Citation Format: Natalia Filippidou, Mathildi Valianou, Daniel L. Johnson, John J. Bissler, Aristotelis Astrinidis. Dissecting rapamycin resistance in a Tsc2-null rat leiomyoma cell line developed in a murine xenograft [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3022.
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8
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Cho JH, Patel B, Bonala S, Mansouri H, Manne S, Vadrevu SK, Ghouse S, Kung CP, Murphy ME, Astrinidis A, Henske EP, Kwiatkowski DJ, Markiewski MM, Karbowniczek M. The Codon 72 TP53 Polymorphism Contributes to TSC Tumorigenesis through the Notch-Nodal Axis. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1639-1651. [PMID: 31088907 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We discovered that 90.3% of patients with angiomyolipomas, lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) carry the arginine variant of codon 72 (R72) of TP53 and that R72 increases the risk for angiomyolipoma. R72 transactivates NOTCH1 and NODAL better than the proline variant of codon 72 (P72); therefore, the expression of NOTCH1 and NODAL is increased in angiomyolipoma cells that carry R72. The loss of Tp53 and Tsc1 within nestin-expressing cells in mice resulted in the development of renal cell carcinomas (RCC) with high Notch1 and Nodal expression, suggesting that similar downstream mechanisms contribute to tumorigenesis as a result of p53 loss in mice and p53 polymorphism in humans. The loss of murine Tp53 or expression of human R72 contributes to tumorigenesis via enhancing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and motility of tumor cells through the Notch and Nodal pathways. IMPLICATIONS: This work revealed unexpected contributions of the p53 polymorphism to the pathogenesis of TSC and established signaling alterations caused by this polymorphism as a target for therapy. We found that the codon 72 TP53 polymorphism contributes to TSC-associated tumorigenesis via Notch and Nodal signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hung Cho
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas
| | - Bhaumik Patel
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas
| | - Santosh Bonala
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas.,Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Hossein Mansouri
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Broadway and Boston, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas.,Institute for Immunology, Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Surya Kumari Vadrevu
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas.,HIV-1 Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shanawaz Ghouse
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas
| | - Che-Pei Kung
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,ICCE Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Maureen E Murphy
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aristotelis Astrinidis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Center of Excellence, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Elizabeth P Henske
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David J Kwiatkowski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maciej M Markiewski
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas.
| | - Magdalena Karbowniczek
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas.
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9
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Valianou M, Filippidou N, Johnson DL, Vogel P, Zhang EY, Liu X, Lu Y, Yu JJ, Bissler JJ, Astrinidis A. Rapalog resistance is associated with mesenchymal-type changes in Tsc2-null cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3015. [PMID: 30816188 PMCID: PMC6395747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39418-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) and Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) are caused by inactivating mutations in TSC1 or TSC2, leading to mTORC1 hyperactivation. The mTORC1 inhibitors rapamycin and analogs (rapalogs) are approved for treating of TSC and LAM. Due to their cytostatic and not cytocidal action, discontinuation of treatment leads to tumor regrowth and decline in pulmonary function. Therefore, life-long rapalog treatment is proposed for the control of TSC and LAM lesions, which increases the chances for the development of acquired drug resistance. Understanding the signaling perturbations leading to rapalog resistance is critical for the development of better therapeutic strategies. We developed the first Tsc2-null rapamycin-resistant cell line, ELT3-245, which is highly tumorigenic in mice, and refractory to rapamycin treatment. In vitro ELT3-245 cells exhibit enhanced anchorage-independent cell survival, resistance to anoikis, and loss of epithelial markers. A key alteration in ELT3-245 is increased β-catenin signaling. We propose that a subset of cells in TSC and LAM lesions have additional signaling aberrations, thus possess the potential to become resistant to rapalogs. Alternatively, when challenged with rapalogs TSC-null cells are reprogrammed to express mesenchymal-like markers. These signaling changes could be further exploited to induce clinically-relevant long-term remissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthildi Valianou
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA.,Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Center of Excellence, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA
| | - Natalia Filippidou
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA.,Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Center of Excellence, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA
| | - Daniel L Johnson
- Office of Research Molecular Bioinformatics Core, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Erik Y Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Yiyang Lu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Jane J Yu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - John J Bissler
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA.,Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Center of Excellence, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA.,Department of Pediatric Medicine, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Aristotelis Astrinidis
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA. .,Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Center of Excellence, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA. .,Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, 79601, USA.
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10
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Bissler JJ, Zadjali F, Bridges D, Astrinidis A, Barone S, Yao Y, Redd JR, Siroky BJ, Wang Y, Finley JT, Rusiniak ME, Baumann H, Zahedi K, Gross KW, Soleimani M. Tuberous sclerosis complex exhibits a new renal cystogenic mechanism. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e13983. [PMID: 30675765 PMCID: PMC6344348 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a tumor predisposition syndrome with significant renal cystic and solid tumor disease. While the most common renal tumor in TSC, the angiomyolipoma, exhibits a loss of heterozygosity associated with disease, we have discovered that the renal cystic epithelium is composed of type A intercalated cells that have an intact Tsc gene that have been induced to exhibit Tsc-mutant disease phenotype. This mechanism appears to be different than that for ADPKD. The murine models described here closely resemble the human disease and both appear to be mTORC1 inhibitor responsive. The induction signaling driving cystogenesis may be mediated by extracellular vesicle trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. Bissler
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's HospitalMemphisTennessee
- St. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennessee
| | - Fahad Zadjali
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryCollege of Medicine & Health SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityMuscatOman
| | - Dave Bridges
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Michigan School of Public HealthAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Aristotelis Astrinidis
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's HospitalMemphisTennessee
| | - Sharon Barone
- Departments of MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Center on Genetics of TransportUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Research ServicesVeterans Affairs Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
| | - Ying Yao
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's HospitalMemphisTennessee
| | - JeAnna R. Redd
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Michigan School of Public HealthAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Brian J. Siroky
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNew York
| | - Joel T. Finley
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's HospitalMemphisTennessee
| | - Michael E. Rusiniak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNew York
| | - Heinz Baumann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNew York
| | - Kamyar Zahedi
- Departments of MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Center on Genetics of TransportUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Research ServicesVeterans Affairs Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
| | - Kenneth W. Gross
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNew York
| | - Manoocher Soleimani
- Departments of MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Center on Genetics of TransportUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Research ServicesVeterans Affairs Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
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11
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Markiewski MM, Vadrevu SK, Sharma SK, Chintala NK, Ghouse S, Cho JH, Fairlie DP, Paterson Y, Astrinidis A, Karbowniczek M. The Ribosomal Protein S19 Suppresses Antitumor Immune Responses via the Complement C5a Receptor 1. J Immunol 2017; 198:2989-2999. [PMID: 28228558 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Relatively little is known about factors that initiate immunosuppression in tumors and act at the interface between tumor cells and host cells. In this article, we report novel immunosuppressive properties of the ribosomal protein S19 (RPS19), which is upregulated in human breast and ovarian cancer cells and released from apoptotic tumor cells, whereupon it interacts with the complement C5a receptor 1 expressed on tumor infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cells. This interaction promotes tumor growth by facilitating recruitment of these cells to tumors. RPS19 also induces the production of immunosuppressive cytokines, including TGF-β, by myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes, leading to T cell responses skewed toward Th2 phenotypes. RPS19 promotes generation of regulatory T cells while reducing infiltration of CD8+ T cells into tumors. Reducing RPS19 in tumor cells or blocking the C5a receptor 1-RPS19 interaction decreases RPS19-mediated immunosuppression, impairs tumor growth, and delays the development of tumors in a transgenic model of breast cancer. This work provides initial preclinical evidence for targeting RPS19 for anticancer therapy enhancing antitumor T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej M Markiewski
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, TX 79601;
| | - Surya Kumari Vadrevu
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, TX 79601
| | - Sharad K Sharma
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, TX 79601
| | - Navin Kumar Chintala
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, TX 79601
| | - Shanawaz Ghouse
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, TX 79601
| | - Jun-Hung Cho
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, TX 79601
| | - David P Fairlie
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; and
| | - Yvonne Paterson
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Aristotelis Astrinidis
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, TX 79601
| | - Magdalena Karbowniczek
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, TX 79601;
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12
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Rajan R, Karbowniczek M, Pugsley HR, Sabnani MK, Astrinidis A, La-Beck NM. Quantifying autophagosomes and autolysosomes in cells using imaging flow cytometry. Cytometry A 2015; 87:451-8. [PMID: 25728685 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy dysregulation has been implicated in numerous diseases and many therapeutic agents are known to modulate this pathway. Therefore, the ability to accurately monitor autophagy is critical to understanding its role in the pathogenesis and treatment of many diseases. Recently an imaging flow cytometry method measuring colocalization of microtubule associated protein 1B light chain 3 (LC3) and lysosomal signals via Bright Detail Similarity (BDS) was proposed which enabled evaluation of autophagic processing. However, since BDS only evaluates colocalization of LC3 and lysosomal signals, the number of autophagy organelles was not taken into account. We found that in cells classified as having Low BDS, there was a large degree of variability in accumulation of autophagosomes. Therefore, we developed a new approach wherein BDS was combined with number of LC3+ puncta, which enabled us to distinguish between cells having very few autophagy organelles versus cells with accumulation of autophagosomes or autolysosomes. Using this method, we were able to distinguish and quantify autophagosomes and autolysosomes in breast cancer cells cultured under basal conditions, with inhibition of autophagy using chloroquine, and with induction of autophagy using amino acid starvation. This technique yields additional insight into autophagy processing making it a useful supplement to current techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Rajan
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, Texas
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13
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Valianou M, Cox AM, Pichette B, Hartley S, Paladhi UR, Astrinidis A. Pharmacological inhibition of Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) by BI-2536 decreases the viability and survival of hamartin and tuberin deficient cells via induction of apoptosis and attenuation of autophagy. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:399-407. [PMID: 25565629 PMCID: PMC4353234 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.986394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) increases translation, cell size and angiogenesis, and inhibits autophagy. mTORC1 is negatively regulated by hamartin and tuberin, the protein products of the tumor suppressors TSC1 and TSC2 that are mutated in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) and sporadic Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). Hamartin interacts with the centrosomal and mitotic kinase polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). Hamartin and tuberin deficient cells have abnormalities in centrosome duplication, mitotic progression, and cytokinesis, suggesting that the hamartin/tuberin heterodimer and mTORC1 signaling are involved in centrosome biology and mitosis. Here we report that PLK1 protein levels are increased in hamartin and tuberin deficient cells and LAM patient-derived specimens, and that this increase is rapamycin-sensitive. Pharmacological inhibition of PLK1 by the small-molecule inhibitor BI-2536 significantly decreased the viability and clonogenic survival of hamartin and tuberin deficient cells, which was associated with increased apoptosis. BI-2536 increased p62, LC3B-I and GFP-LC3 punctae, and inhibited HBSS-induced degradation of p62, suggesting that PLK1 inhibition attenuates autophagy. Finally, PLK1 inhibition repressed the expression and protein levels of key autophagy genes and proteins and the protein levels of Bcl(-)2 family members, suggesting that PLK1 regulates both autophagic and apoptotic responses. Taken together, our data point toward a previously unrecognized role of PLK1 on the survival of cells with mTORC1 hyperactivation, and the potential use of PLK1 inhibitors as novel therapeutics for tumors with dysregulated mTORC1 signaling, including TSC and LAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthildi Valianou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology; Drexel University College of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA
USA
| | - Andrew M Cox
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology; Drexel University College of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA
USA
| | - Benjamin Pichette
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology; Drexel University College of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA
USA
| | - Shannon Hartley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology; Drexel University College of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA
USA
| | - Unmesha Roy Paladhi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology; Drexel University College of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA
USA
| | - Aristotelis Astrinidis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology; Drexel University College of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA
USA
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry; Department
of Medicine; School of Health Sciences; University of Ioannina,
Greece
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and
Biotechnology; School of Pharmacy; Texas Tech University Health Sciences
Center; Abilene, TX USA
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14
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Matthew EM, Hart LS, Astrinidis A, Navaraj A, Dolloff NG, Dicker DT, Henske EP, El-Deiry WS. The p53 target Plk2 interacts with TSC proteins impacting mTOR signaling, tumor growth and chemosensitivity under hypoxic conditions. Cell Cycle 2010; 8:4168-75. [PMID: 20054236 DOI: 10.4161/cc.8.24.10800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1) inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a central promotor of cell growth and proliferation. The protein product of the TSC1 gene, hamartin (referred to as TSC1) is known to interact with Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) in a cell cycle regulated, phosphorylation-dependent manner. We hypothesized that the p53 target gene, Plk2, is a tumor suppressor, mediating its tumor suppressor function through interactions with TSC1 that facilitate TSC1/2 restraint of mTOR under hypoxic stress. We found that human lung tumor cells deficient in Plk2 grew larger than control tumors, and that Plk2 interacts with endogenous TSC1 protein. Additionally, C-terminal Plk2-GST fusion protein bound both TSC1 and TSC2 proteins. TSC1 levels were elevated in response to Adriamycin and cells transiently overexpressing Plk2 demonstrated decreased phosphorylation of the downstream target of mTOR, ribosomal protein p70S6 kinase during hypoxia. Plk2 levels were inversely correlated with cytoplasmic p70S6K phosphorylation. Plk2 levels did not increase in response to DNA damage (Adriamycin, CPT -11) when HCT 116 and H460 cells were exposed to hypoxia. TSC1-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts with TSC1 added back demonstrated decreased S6K phosphorylation, which was further decreased when Plk2 was transiently overexpressed. Interestingly, under normoxia, Plk2 deficient tumor cells demonstrated increased apoptosis in response to various chemotherapeutic agents including CPT -11 but increased resistance to apoptotic death after CPT-11 treatment under hypoxia, and tumor xenografts comprised of these Plk2-deficient cells were resistant to CPT -11. Our results point to a novel Plk2-TSC1 interaction with effects on mTOR signaling during hypoxia, and tumor growth that may enable targeting Plk2 signaling in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Matthew
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Cell Cycle Regulation, Department of Medicine, The Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, and Abramson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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15
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Gómez-Baldó L, Schmidt S, Maxwell CA, Bonifaci N, Gabaldón T, Vidalain PO, Senapedis W, Kletke A, Rosing M, Barnekow A, Rottapel R, Capellá G, Vidal M, Astrinidis A, Piekorz RP, Pujana MA. TACC3-TSC2 maintains nuclear envelope structure and controls cell division. Cell Cycle 2010; 9:1143-55. [PMID: 20237422 DOI: 10.4161/cc.9.6.11018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of the role of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) proteins (TSC1/TSC2) in pathology have focused mainly on their capacity to regulate translation and cell growth, but their relationship with alterations of cellular structures and the cell cycle is not yet fully understood. The transforming acidic coiled-coil (TACC) domain-containing proteins are central players in structures and processes connected to the centrosome. Here, TACC3 interactome mapping identified TSC2 and 15 other physical interactors, including the evolutionary conserved interactions with ch-TOG/CKAP5 and FAM161B. TACC3 and TSC2 co-localize and co-purify with components of the nuclear envelope, and their deficiency causes morphological alterations of this structure. During cell division, TACC3 is necessary for the proper localization of phospho-Ser939 TSC2 at spindle poles and cytokinetic bridges. Accordingly, abscission alterations and increased frequency of binucleated cells were observed in Tacc3- and Tsc2-deficient cells relative to controls. In regulating cell division, TSC2 acts epistatically to TACC3 and, in addition to canonical TSC/mTOR signaling and cytokinetic associations, converges to the early mitotic checkpoint mediated by CHFR, consistently with nuclear envelope associations. Our findings link TACC3 to novel structural and cell division functions of TSC2, which may provide additional explanations for the clinical and pathological manifestations of lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) disease and TSC syndrome, including the greater clinical severity of TSC2 mutations compared to TSC1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Gómez-Baldó
- Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Astrinidis A, Kim J, Kelly CM, Olofsson BA, Torabi B, Sorokina EM, Azizkhan-Clifford J. The transcription factor SP1 regulates centriole function and chromosomal stability through a functional interaction with the mammalian target of rapamycin/raptor complex. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2010; 49:282-97. [PMID: 20013896 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Specificity protein 1 (SP1) is an essential transcription factor implicated in the regulation of genes that control multiple cellular processes, including cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA damage. Very few nontranscriptional roles for SP1 have been reported thus far. Using confocal microscopy and centrosome fractionation, we identified SP1 as a centrosomal protein. Sp1-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts and cells depleted of SP1 by RNAi have increased centrosome number associated with centriole splitting, decreased microtubule nucleation, chromosome misalignment, formation of multipolar mitotic spindles and micronuclei, and increased incidence of aneuploidy. Using mass spectrometry, we identified P70S6K, an effector of the mTOR/raptor (mTORC1) kinase complex, as a novel interacting protein of SP1. We found that SP1-deficient cells have increased phosphorylation of the P70S6K effector ribosomal protein S6, suggesting that SP1 participates in the regulation of the mTORC1/P70S6K/S6 signaling pathway. We previously reported that aberrant mTORC1 activation leads to supernumerary centrosomes, a phenotype rescued by the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin. Similarly, treatment with rapamycin rescued the multiple centrosome phenotype of SP1-deficient cells. Taken together, these data strongly support the hypothesis that SP1 is involved in the control of centrosome number via regulation of the mTORC1 pathway, and predict that loss of SP1 function can lead to aberrant centriole splitting, deregulated mTORC1 signaling, and aneuploidy, thereby contributing to malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristotelis Astrinidis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
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17
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Robb VA, Astrinidis A, Henske EP. Frequent [corrected] hyperphosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 [corrected] in lymphangioleiomyomatosis-associated angiomyolipomas. Mod Pathol 2006; 19:839-46. [PMID: 16575396 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis is a progressive lung disease characterized by a diffuse proliferation of pulmonary smooth muscle cells and cystic degeneration. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis can occur either independently of other disease or in association with tuberous sclerosis complex, a tumor-suppressor gene syndrome caused by mutations that inactivate either TSC1 or TSC2. TSC2 mutations and loss of heterozygosity have been identified in sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis-associated angiomyolipomas, thus implicating the TSC/Ras homolog-enriched in brain (Rheb)/mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR)/p70 S6 kinase signaling pathway in their pathogenesis. This study was undertaken to determine whether the mTOR/p70 S6 kinase signaling pathway is activated in lymphangioleiomyomatosis-associated angiomyolipomas lacking TSC1/TSC2 loss of heterozygosity. Phospho-ribosomal protein S6 (Ser235/236) immunohistochemistry was performed on five lymphangioleiomyomatosis-associated angiomyolipomas, two matched lymphangioleiomyomatosis pulmonary samples, and three sporadic angiomyolipomas. TSC1/TSC2 loss of heterozygosity was previously excluded in these angiomyolipomas. Moderate or strong phospho-ribosomal protein S6 immunoreactivity was found in all lymphangioleiomyomatosis-associated and sporadic angiomyolipomas, suggesting a high incidence of mTOR/p70 S6 kinase signaling pathway activation despite a lack of TSC1/TSC2 loss of heterozygosity. Focally positive phospho-S6 staining was also evident in both lymphangioleiomyomatosis pulmonary samples. We hypothesized that this S6 hyperphosphorylation could reflect mutational activation of Rheb or Rheb-like protein (RhebL1), Ras family members which directly activate mTOR. Mutational analysis performed on DNA from these eight angiomyolipomas plus five additional sporadic angiomyolipomas did not reveal mutations in exons 3 and 4 (homologous sites of Ras activating mutations) of either Rheb or RhebL1. These data suggest that activation of the Rheb/mTOR/p70 S6 kinase pathway is related to the pathogenesis of lymphangioleiomyomatosis-associated and sporadic angiomyolipomas lacking TSC1/TSC2 loss of heterozygosity. This high incidence of mTOR signaling pathway activation suggests that treatment with mTOR inhibitors, such as Rapamycin, may benefit patients with angiomyolipomas independent of the detection of TSC1/TSC2 loss of heterozygosity.
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Astrinidis A, Senapedis W, Henske EP. Hamartin, the tuberous sclerosis complex 1 gene product, interacts with polo-like kinase 1 in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Hum Mol Genet 2006; 15:287-97. [PMID: 16339216 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddi444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a tumor suppressor gene syndrome caused by mutations in TSC1 and TSC2. Hamartin and tuberin, the products of TSC1 and TSC2, respectively, form heterodimers and inhibit the mammalian target of rapamycin. Previously, we have shown that hamartin is phosphorylated by CDC2/cyclin B1 during the G(2)/M phase of the cell cycle. Here, we report that hamartin is localized to the centrosome and that phosphorylated hamartin and phosphorylated tuberin co-immunoprecipitate with the mitotic kinase Plk1. Plk1 interacts with the N-terminus of hamartin (amino acids 1-880), which contains two potential Plk1-binding sites (T310 and S332). Phosphorylated hamartin interacts with Plk1 independent of tuberin with all three proteins present in a complex. A non-phosphorylatable hamartin mutant with an alanine substitution at residue T310 does not interact with Plk1, whereas a non-phosphorylatable hamartin mutant at residue S332 in conjunction with alanine mutations at the other CDC2/cyclin B1 sites (T417, S584 and T1047) does not impact hamartin binding to Plk1. Hamartin negatively regulates the protein levels of Plk1. Finally, Tsc1(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) have increased number of centrosomes and increased DNA content, compared to Tsc1(+/+) cells. Both phenotypes are rescued after pre-treatment with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. RNAi inhibition of Plk1 in Tsc1(-/-) MEFs failed to rescue the increased centrosome number phenotype. These data reveal a novel subcellular localization for hamartin and a novel interaction partner for the hamartin/tuberin complex and implicate hamartin and mTOR in the regulation of centrosome duplication.
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Abstract
The most exciting advances in the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) field occurred in 1993 and 1997 with the cloning of the TSC2 and TSC1 genes, respectively, and in 2003 with the identification of Rheb as the target of tuberin's (TSC2) GTPase activating protein (GAP) domain. Rheb has a dual role: it activates mTOR and inactivates B-Raf. Activation of mTOR leads to increased protein synthesis through phosphorylation of p70S6K and 4E-BP1. Upon insulin or growth factor stimulation, tuberin is phosphorylated by several kinases, including AKT/PKB, thereby suppressing its GAP activity and activating mTOR. Phosphorylation of hamartin (TSC1) by CDK1 also negatively regulates the activity of the hamartin/tuberin complex. Despite these biochemical advances, exactly how mutations in TSC1 or TSC2 lead to the clinical manifestations of TSC is far from being understood. Two of the most unusual phenotypes in TSC are the apparent metastasis of benign cells carrying TSC1 and TSC2 mutations, resulting in pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis, and the ability of cells with TSC1 or TSC2 mutations to differentiate into the separate components of renal angiomyolipomas (vessels, smooth muscle and fat). We will discuss how the TSC signaling pathways are affected by mutations in TSC1 or TSC2, focusing on how these mutations may lead to the renal and pulmonary manifestations of TSC.
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Abstract
This review is focused on pathways and mechanisms that might provide molecular links between the pathogenesis of renal and pulmonary disease in tuberous sclerosis complex and the pathogenesis of the neurologic manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex. Tuberous sclerosis complex is an autosomal dominant disorder in which the manifestations can include seizures; mental retardation; autism; benign tumors of the brain, retina, skin, and kidneys; and pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis. Lymphangiomyomatosis is a life-threatening lung disease affecting almost exclusively young women. Genetic data have demonstrated that the cells giving rise to renal angiomyolipomas, the most frequent tumor type in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex, exhibit differentiation plasticity. Genetic studies have also shown that the benign smooth muscle cells of angiomyolipomas and pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis have the ability to migrate or metastasize to other organs. These findings indicate that hamartin and tuberin play functional roles in the regulation of cell migration and differentiation. The biochemical pathways responsible for these effects are not yet fully understood but might involve dysregulation of the small guanosine triphosphatase Rho. Similar pathways might contribute to aberrant neuronal differentiation and migration in tuberous sclerosis complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristotelis Astrinidis
- Department of Medical Oncology and the Human Genetics Working Group, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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21
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Karbowniczek M, Cash T, Cheung M, Robertson GP, Astrinidis A, Henske EP. Regulation of B-Raf kinase activity by tuberin and Rheb is mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-independent. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:29930-7. [PMID: 15150271 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m402591200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a tumor suppressor gene syndrome with manifestations that can include seizures, mental retardation, autism, and tumors in the brain, retina, kidney, heart, and skin. The products of the TSC1 and TSC2 genes, hamartin and tuberin, respectively, heterodimerize and inhibit the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). We found that tuberin expression increases p42/44 MAPK phosphorylation and B-Raf kinase activity. Short interfering RNA down-regulation of tuberin decreased the p42/44 MAPK phosphorylation and B-Raf activity. Expression of Rheb, the target of the GTPase-activating domain of tuberin, inhibited wild-type B-Raf kinase but not activated forms of B-Raf. The interaction of endogenous Rheb with B-Raf was enhanced by serum and by Ras overexpression. A farnesylation-defective mutant of Rheb co-immunoprecipitated with and inhibited B-Raf but did not activate ribosomal protein S6 kinase, indicating that farnesylation is not required for B-Raf inhibition by Rheb and that B-Raf inhibition and S6 kinase activation are separable activities of Rheb. Consistent with this, inhibition of B-Raf and p42/44 MAPK by Rheb was resistant to rapamycin in contrast to Rheb activation of S6 kinase, which is rapamycin-sensitive. Taken together these data demonstrate that inhibition of B-Raf kinase via Rheb is an mTOR-independent function of tuberin.
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Yu J, Astrinidis A, Howard S, Henske EP. Estradiol and tamoxifen stimulate LAM-associated angiomyolipoma cell growth and activate both genomic and nongenomic signaling pathways. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2004; 286:L694-700. [PMID: 12922981 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00204.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a progressive lung disease affecting almost exclusively women. The reasons for this strong gender predisposition are poorly understood. Renal angiomyolipomas occur in 50-60% of sporadic LAM patients. The smooth muscle cells of pulmonary LAM and renal angiomyolipomas are nearly indistinguishable morphologically. Here, we report the first successful cell culture of a LAM-associated renal angiomyolipoma. The cells carried inactivating mutations in both alleles of the TSC2 gene and expressed estrogen receptor , estrogen receptor , and androgen receptor. To elucidate the cellular pathways through which steroid hormones influence LAM pathogenesis, we treated the cells with both estradiol and tamoxifen. Cell growth was stimulated by estradiol, associated with phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPK at 5 min and an increase in c-myc expression at 4 h. Tamoxifen citrate also stimulated cell growth, associated with increased phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPK and expression of c-myc, indicating that tamoxifen has agonist effects on angiomyolipoma cells. This response to tamoxifen in human angiomyolipoma cells differs from prior studies of Eker rat leiomyoma cells, possibly reflecting cell type or species differences in cells lacking tuberin. Our data provide the first evidence that estradiol stimulates the growth of angiomyolipoma cells, that tamoxifen has agonist effects in angiomyolipoma cells, and that estradiol and tamoxifen impact both genomic and nongenomic signaling pathways in angiomyolipoma cells. The responsiveness of angiomyolipoma cells to estradiol may be related to the underlying reasons that LAM affects primarily women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Yu
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 7701 Burholme Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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23
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Astrinidis A, Senapedis W, Coleman TR, Henske EP. Cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation of hamartin, the product of the tuberous sclerosis complex 1 gene, by cyclin-dependent kinase 1/cyclin B. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:51372-9. [PMID: 14551205 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m303956200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex is a tumor suppressor gene syndrome whose manifestations can include seizures, mental retardation, and benign tumors of the brain, skin, heart, and kidneys. Hamartin and tuberin, the products of the TSC1 and TSC2 genes, respectively, form a complex and inhibit signaling by the mammalian target of rapamycin. Here, we demonstrate that endogenous hamartin is threonine-phosphorylated during nocodazole-induced G2/M arrest and during the G2/M phase of a normal cell cycle. In vitro assays showed that cyclin-dependent kinase 1 phosphorylates hamartin at three sites, one of which (Thr417) is in the hamartin-tuberin interaction domain. Tuberin interacts with phosphohamartin, and tuberin expression attenuates the phosphorylation of exogenous hamartin. Hamartin with alanine mutations in the three cyclin-dependent kinase 1 phosphorylation sites increased the inhibition of p70S6 kinase by the hamartin-tuberin complex. These findings support a model in which phosphorylation of hamartin regulates the function of the hamartin-tuberin complex during the G2/M phase of the cell cycle.
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Karbowniczek M, Astrinidis A, Balsara BR, Testa JR, Lium JH, Colby TV, McCormack FX, Henske EP. Recurrent lymphangiomyomatosis after transplantation: genetic analyses reveal a metastatic mechanism. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 167:976-82. [PMID: 12411287 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200208-969oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM) is characterized by the proliferation of abnormal smooth muscle cells and cystic degeneration of the lung. LAM affects almost exclusively young women. Although lung transplantation provides effective therapy for end-stage LAM, there are reports of LAM recurrence after lung transplantation. Whether these recurrent LAM cells arise from the patient or the lung transplant donor is an area of controversy. We used microsatellite marker fingerprinting and TSC2 gene mutational analysis to study a patient with recurrent LAM after single-lung transplantation. The DNA microsatellite marker pattern indicated the presence of patient-derived LAM cells in the allograft. A somatic one base pair deletion in exon 18 of the TSC2 gene was identified in pulmonary and lymph node LAM cells before transplantation. The same mutation was in the recurrent LAM, demonstrating that the recurrent LAM was derived from the patient. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that cells immunoreactive with the monoclonal antibody HMB-45 did not contain a Y chromosome. These data indicate that histologically benign LAM cells can migrate or metastasize in vivo to the transplanted lung. In addition, the patient had no evidence of a renal angiomyolipoma at autopsy and therefore demonstrated for the first time that somatic TSC2 mutations cause LAM in patients without angiomyolipomas.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Alleles
- Base Sequence
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biopsy
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Y/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Exons/genetics
- Female
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Heterozygote
- Humans
- Loss of Heterozygosity/genetics
- Lung
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Lung Neoplasms/surgery
- Lung Transplantation
- Lymph Nodes
- Lymphangioleiomyomatosis/genetics
- Lymphangioleiomyomatosis/pathology
- Lymphangioleiomyomatosis/surgery
- Microsatellite Repeats/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/etiology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/secondary
- Postoperative Complications/etiology
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Treatment Failure
- Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins
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Astrinidis A, Cash TP, Hunter DS, Walker CL, Chernoff J, Henske EP. Tuberin, the tuberous sclerosis complex 2 tumor suppressor gene product, regulates Rho activation, cell adhesion and migration. Oncogene 2002; 21:8470-6. [PMID: 12466966 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1205962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2002] [Revised: 08/05/2002] [Accepted: 08/12/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a tumor suppressor gene syndrome characterized by seizures, mental retardation, autism, and tumors of the brain, kidney, heart, retina, and skin. TSC is caused by mutations in either TSC1 or TSC2, both of which are tumor suppressor genes. Hamartin, the protein product of TSC1, was found to interact with the ezrin-radixin-moesin family of cytoskeletal proteins and to activate the small GTPase Rho. To determine whether tuberin, the TSC2 product, can also activate Rho, we stably expressed full-length human tuberin in two cell types: MDCK cells and ELT3 cells. ELT3 cells lack endogenous tuberin expression. We found that expression of human tuberin in both MDCK and ELT3 cells was associated with an increase in the amount of Rho-GTP, but not in Rac1-GTP or cdc42-GTP. Tuberin expression increased cell adhesion in both cell types, and decreased chemotactic cell migration in ELT3 cells. In MDCK cells, there was a decrease in the amount of total Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and an increase in the fraction of phosphorylated FAK. These findings demonstrate for the first time that tuberin activates Rho and regulates cell adhesion and migration. Pathways involving Rho activation may have relevance to the clinical manifestations of TSC, including pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristotelis Astrinidis
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 7701 Burholme Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA 19111, USA
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26
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Khare L, Astrinidis A, Senapedis W, Adams PD, Henske EP. Expression of wild type and mutant TSC2, but not TSC1, causes an increase in the G1 fraction of the cell cycle in HEK293 cells. J Med Genet 2002; 39:676-80. [PMID: 12205112 PMCID: PMC1735223 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.39.9.676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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27
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Abstract
In previous work we found loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the wild-type TSC2 allele in the abnormal pulmonary smooth muscle cells and renal angiomyolipoma cells from patients with sporadic pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM). Here we report TSC2 LOH in microdissected pulmonary LAM cells from a patient with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), demonstrating for the first time that the two-hit tumor suppressor gene model applies to the TSC-associated, as well as sporadic LAM. We also compared the chromosome 16 LOH region between angiomyolipoma and pulmonary LAM from two patients with sporadic LAM. Previously we found that these patients had TSC2 mutations and TSC2 LOH in their angiomyolipomas and pulmonary LAM cells but not in normal lung or kidney cells. This suggests that pulmonary LAM may result from the migration of smooth muscle cells from renal angiomyolipomas to the lung. In this case, one would predict that the angiomyolipoma and LAM cells would have identical LOH patterns. We found that at each chromosome 16 marker, the results were concordant between angiomyolipoma and LAM. This is consistent with a model in which pulmonary LAM cells and angiomyolipoma cells have a common genetic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA
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Carsillo T, Astrinidis A, Henske EP. Mutations in the tuberous sclerosis complex gene TSC2 are a cause of sporadic pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:6085-90. [PMID: 10823953 PMCID: PMC18562 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.11.6085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 512] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a progressive and often fatal interstitial lung disease characterized by a diffuse proliferation of abnormal smooth muscle cells in the lungs. LAM is of unusual interest biologically because it affects almost exclusively young women. LAM can occur as an isolated disorder (sporadic LAM) or in association with tuberous sclerosis complex. Renal angiomyolipomas, which are found in most tuberous sclerosis patients, also occur in 60% of sporadic LAM patients. We previously found TSC2 loss of heterozygosity in 7 of 13 (54%) of angiomyolipomas from sporadic LAM patients, suggesting that LAM and TSC could have a common genetic basis. In this study, we report the identification of somatic TSC2 mutations in five of seven angiomyolipomas from sporadic LAM patients. In all four patients from whom lung tissue was available, the same mutation found in the angiomyolipoma was present in the abnormal pulmonary smooth muscle cells. In no case was the mutation present in normal kidney, morphologically normal lung, or lymphoblastoid cells. Our data demonstrate that somatic mutations in the TSC2 gene occur in the angiomyolipomas and pulmonary LAM cells of women with sporadic LAM, strongly supporting a direct role of TSC2 in the pathogenesis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Carsillo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia PA 19111, USA
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Astrinidis A, Kouvatsi A, Nahmias J, Povey S, Pandeliadis C, Danzaki A, Schneider M, Triantaphyllidis C. Novel intragenic polymorphisms in the tuberous sclerosis 2 (TSC2) gene. Mutations in brief no. 184. Online. Hum Mutat 2000; 12:217. [PMID: 10660335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-three unrelated patients with tuberous sclerosis have been screened for the presence of mutations in six regions of the TSC2 gene. Eight novel intragenic polymorphisms have been found, one in intron 36 and seven in intron 4, with the use of SSCP analysis. Four of these polymorphisms alter the recognition sequence of specific restriction enzymes and can be detected as RFLPs. Study in a random sample of unrelated individuals from Northern Greece, showed that these polymorphisms have mean observed and expected heterozygosity values of 0.2996 and 0.3349, respectively and could be useful for linkage analysis. It is most likely that the wild type alleles from two pairs of these polymorphisms are strongly associated. A 667 bp segment of intron 4 (954 bp) and an additional 75 bp of intron 36 (352bp) were sequenced, thus completing the sequence of both introns.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Astrinidis
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
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Astrinidis A, Khare L, Carsillo T, Smolarek T, Au KS, Northrup H, Henske EP. Mutational analysis of the tuberous sclerosis gene TSC2 in patients with pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis. J Med Genet 2000; 37:55-7. [PMID: 10633137 PMCID: PMC1734439 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.37.1.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare disorder limited almost exclusively to women of reproductive age. LAM affects about 5% of women with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). LAM also occurs in women who do not have TSC (sporadic LAM). TSC is a tumour suppressor gene syndrome characterised by seizures, mental retardation, and tumours in the brain, heart, and kidney. Angiomyolipomas, which are benign tumours with smooth muscle, fat, and dysplastic vascular components, are the most common renal tumour in TSC. Renal angiomyolipomas also occur in 63% of sporadic LAM patients. We recently found that 54% of these angiomyolipomas have TSC2 loss of heterozygosity, leading to the hypothesis that sporadic LAM is genetically related to TSC. In this study, we screened DNA from 21 women with sporadic LAM for mutations in all 41 exons of TSC2. Twelve of the patients had known renal angiomyolipomas. No TSC2 mutations were detected. We did find three silent TSC2 polymorphisms. We conclude that patients with sporadic LAM, including those with renal angiomyolipomas, do not have a high frequency of germline mutations in the coding region of TSC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Astrinidis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 7701 Burholme Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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Ivanova R, Astrinidis A, Lepage V, Djoulah S, Wijnen E, Vu-Trieu AN, Hors J, Charron D. Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in the Vietnamese population. Eur J Immunogenet 1999; 26:417-22. [PMID: 10583463 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2370.1999.00184.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial DNA variation was screened in a sample of 50 unrelated individuals of the Vietnamese population originating from Hanoi. A combination of long and standard PCR and restriction endonuclease digests with the enzymes HpaI, BamHI, HaeII, MspI, AvaII and HincII were used to reveal mtDNA variation. Twenty enzyme morphs were detected, three of which (HaeII-13Viet, MspI-19Viet and MspI-20Viet) are new and are produced by a single mutational event in already known enzyme morphs. Ten already known and four new mitotypes [93Viet (1-1-2-4-1), 94Viet (2-1-13Viet-1-1), 95Viet (2-1-13Viet-19Viet-1) and 96Viet (1-1-2-20Viet-12)] were found in the Vietnamese population. The 9-bp deletion occurring in the COII/tRNALys region of the mitochondrial genome was also analysed and 10 samples were found to have this deletion. The comparison of the Vietnamese with other East Asian populations showed a close genetic relationship of the population under investigation with other Orientals. However, the Vietnamese population can be differentiated by the significantly higher frequency of the enzyme morph HincII-5 and by seven new markers. These results strongly support the hypothesis of a dual ethnic origin of the Vietnamese population from the Chinese and Thai-Indonesian populations based on HLA markers and linguistic evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ivanova
- INSERM U396, Hopital St. Louis, Paris, France
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Ivanova R, Astrinidis A, Djoulah S, Lepage V, Wijnen E, Hors J, Charron D. Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms of a west Algerian population (Oran region). Biomed Pharmacother 1999; 53:386-92. [PMID: 10554673 DOI: 10.1016/s0753-3322(99)80110-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA codes for enzymes involved in the cellular energetic pathway. The polymorphism of this genome has been extensively analyzed for disease associations, but can also be used to characterize anthropological distances between populations. This study presents the results of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variation for a population sample of 50 unrelated individuals originating from western Algeria. The samples were studied with the recently developed long PCR technique followed by RFLP analysis using six restriction endonucleases: HpaI, BamHI, HaeII, MspI, AvaII and HincII. One new morph for HpaI (named HpaI-9Alg) was detected, and was found to be derived from the combination of the already known morphs 3 and 4. mtDNA restriction endonuclease fragment patterns were analyzed for potential site gain or loss and classified into 18 mtDNA types by the sequence-comparison method. Three mtDNA types (97Alg; 2-1-7-1-1, 98Alg; 2-1-1-8-37 and 99Alg; 9Alg-1-1-1-3) were detected for the first time. Another mtDNA marker--the presence of the 9 bp deletion in the COII/tRNA(Lys) region--was also studied in the Algerian sample. No deletions were observed. Our results indicate that the Algerians are genetically related to the Israeli-Arab population, with certain characteristics found in southern Europeans and others found in sub-Saharan Africans.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ivanova
- INSERM U396, Hospital St Louis, Paris, France
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Abstract
One hundred unrelated individuals of French origin were screened for mtDNA variation as restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) with the restriction enzymes HpaI, BamHI, HaeII, MspI, AvaII and HincII. Twenty enzyme morphs were detected, four of which (AvaII-37Fr, -38Fr, HincII-18Fr and -19Fr) are new. Of the 17 mitotypes detected, five are new and they were named 1-19Fr, 6-18Fr, 100Fr-2 (2-1-2-4-1-2), 101Fr-2 (2-1-1-1-38Fr-2) and 102Fr-2 (2-1-1-4-37Fr-2). All new morphs and mitotypes derive from those already known due to a single nucleotide substitution. The French population was compared with other European, Mediterranean and Caucasian populations. Calculation of the genetic distances showed close genetic affinity with European-Mediterranean populations and especially with Calabrians, Majorcans and northern Italians (at negative values).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ivanova
- INSERM U396, Hôpital St Louis, Paris, France
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Valianou MG, Kouvatsi A, Hassapopoulou-Matamis H, Astrinidis A, Triantaphyllidis C. Heterogeneity of four beta-thalassemia mutations in Greece. Hemoglobin 1999; 23:79-82. [PMID: 10081989 DOI: 10.3109/03630269908996151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M G Valianou
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA General Hospital, Macedonia, Greece
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Astrinidis A, Kouvatsi A. Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in northern Greece. Hum Biol 1994; 66:601-11. [PMID: 7916320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The polymorphism of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was studied in 118 unrelated Greeks (from northern Greece) using total blood cell DNA and the restriction enzymes HpaI, BamHI, HaeII, MspI, AvaII, and HincII. One new morph was identified for MspI (named MspI morph 18Gr) and is the result of a mutation in a previously thought monomorphic site at 104 bp. HpaI morph 1 was detected for the first time in a European sample. Also, AvaII morph 13 was observed in Greece in a frequency higher (5.93%) than that found in any other population. Eighteen mtDNA types were identified, three of which are new [86-2 (1-3-1-4-9-2), 87-2 (2-3-1-1-13-2), and 88-2 (2-1-1-18Gr-1-2)] and can be derived from already known mtDNA types by single restriction site changes. Type 57-2 (2-3-1-4-13-2), which had been previously characterized as "Italian," was found with higher frequency (4.24%) in northern Greece. The calculation of genetic distances and chi-square values through Monte Carlo simulation shows that the Greek sample does not differ from the Italian sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Astrinidis
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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