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De Mori R, Tardivo S, Pollara L, Giliani SC, Ali E, Giordano L, Leuzzi V, Fischetto R, Gener B, Diprima S, Morelli MJ, Monti MC, Sottile V, Valente EM. Joubert syndrome-derived induced pluripotent stem cells show altered neuronal differentiation in vitro. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 396:255-267. [PMID: 38502237 PMCID: PMC11055696 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-024-03876-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JS) is a recessively inherited congenital ataxia characterized by hypotonia, psychomotor delay, abnormal ocular movements, intellectual disability, and a peculiar cerebellar and brainstem malformation, the "molar tooth sign." Over 40 causative genes have been reported, all encoding for proteins implicated in the structure or functioning of the primary cilium, a subcellular organelle widely present in embryonic and adult tissues. In this paper, we developed an in vitro neuronal differentiation model using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), to evaluate possible neurodevelopmental defects in JS. To this end, iPSCs from four JS patients harboring mutations in distinct JS genes (AHI1, CPLANE1, TMEM67, and CC2D2A) were differentiated alongside healthy control cells to obtain mid-hindbrain precursors and cerebellar granule cells. Differentiation was monitored over 31 days through the detection of lineage-specific marker expression by qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, and transcriptomics analysis. All JS patient-derived iPSCs, regardless of the mutant gene, showed a similar impairment to differentiate into mid-hindbrain and cerebellar granule cells when compared to healthy controls. In addition, analysis of primary cilium count and morphology showed notable ciliary defects in all differentiating JS patient-derived iPSCs compared to controls. These results confirm that patient-derived iPSCs are an accessible and relevant in vitro model to analyze cellular phenotypes connected to the presence of JS gene mutations in a neuronal context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta De Mori
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Tardivo
- Neurogenetics Lab, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Lidia Pollara
- Neurogenetics Research Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Clara Giliani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eltahir Ali
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lucio Giordano
- Paediatric Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Spedali Civili Children's Hospital, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Neuroscience, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Fischetto
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatric Medicine, XXIII Children's Hospital, Bari, Giovanni, Italy
| | - Blanca Gener
- Department of Genetics, Cruces University Hospital, BioBizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Cruces PlazaBizkaia, Spain
| | - Santo Diprima
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maria Cristina Monti
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Virginie Sottile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Neurogenetics Research Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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Lin Z, Shen Y, Li Y, Lu C, Zhu Y, He R, Cao Z, Yin Z, Gao H, Guo B, Ma X, Cao M, Luo M. Novel compound heterozygous variants in ARL13B lead to Joubert syndrome. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31189. [PMID: 38219074 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JBTS) is a systematic developmental disorder mainly characterized by a pathognomonic mid-hindbrain malformation. All known JBTS-associated genes encode proteins involved in the function of antenna-like cellular organelle, primary cilium, which plays essential roles in cellular signal transduction and development. Here, we identified four unreported variants in ARL13B in two patients with the classical features of JBTS. ARL13B is a member of the Ras GTPase family and functions in ciliogenesis and cilia-related signaling. The two missense variants in ARL13B harbored the substitutions of amino acids at evolutionarily conserved positions. Using model cell lines, we found that the accumulations of the missense variants in cilia were impaired and the variants showed attenuated functions in ciliogenesis or the trafficking of INPP5E. Overall, these findings expanded the ARL13B pathogenetic variant spectrum of JBTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaisheng Lin
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Shen
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Lu
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruida He
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongfu Cao
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Yin
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Huafang Gao
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Guo
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Ma
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Muqing Cao
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minna Luo
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
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Weiss LE, Love JF, Yoon J, Comerci CJ, Milenkovic L, Kanie T, Jackson PK, Stearns T, Gustavsson AK. Single-molecule imaging in the primary cilium. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 176:59-83. [PMID: 37164543 PMCID: PMC10509820 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The primary cilium is an important signaling organelle critical for normal development and tissue homeostasis. Its small dimensions and complexity necessitate advanced imaging approaches to uncover the molecular mechanisms behind its function. Here, we outline how single-molecule fluorescence microscopy can be used for tracking molecular dynamics and interactions and for super-resolution imaging of nanoscale structures in the primary cilium. Specifically, we describe in detail how to capture and quantify the 2D dynamics of individual transmembrane proteins PTCH1 and SMO and how to map the 3D nanoscale distributions of the inversin compartment proteins INVS, ANKS6, and NPHP3. This protocol can, with minor modifications, be adapted for studies of other proteins and cell lines to further elucidate the structure and function of the primary cilium at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien E Weiss
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Julia F Love
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Colin J Comerci
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Tomoharu Kanie
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
| | - Peter K Jackson
- Baxter Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Tim Stearns
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Rockefeller University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Anna-Karin Gustavsson
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States; Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States; Institute of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States; Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.
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Chang CH, Chen TY, Tang TK. Using in vivo cerebellar electroporation to study neuronal cell proliferation and differentiation in a Joubert syndrome mouse model. Methods Cell Biol 2022; 175:235-249. [PMID: 36967143 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JS) is an autosomal recessive ciliopathy that mainly affects the morphogenesis of the cerebellum and brain stem. To date, mutations in at least 39 genes have been identified in JS; all these gene-encoding proteins are involved in the biogenesis of the primary cilium and centrioles. Recent studies using the mouse model carrying deleted or mutated JS-related genes exhibited cerebellar hypoplasia with a reduction in neurogenesis; however, investigating specific neuronal behaviors during their development in vivo remains challenging. Here, we describe an in vivo cerebellar electroporation technique that can be used to deliver plasmids carrying GFP and/or shRNAs into the major cerebellar cell type, granule neurons, from their progenitor state to their maturation in a spatiotemporal-specific manner. By combining this method with cerebellar immunostaining and EdU incorporation, these approaches enable the investigation of the cell-autonomous effect of JS-related genes in granule neuron progenitors, including the pathogenesis of ectopic neurons and the defects in neuronal differentiation. This approach provides information toward understanding the multifaceted roles of JS-related genes during cerebellar development in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ting-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tang K Tang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Wu X, Wang H, Chen H, Lin H, Li M, Yue Z, Sun L. Overexpression of smad7 inhibits the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and EMT in NPHP1-defective MDCK cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 582:57-63. [PMID: 34689106 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is a kind of ciliopathy. Interstitial fibrosis occurs at the early stage of the disease. TGF-β/Smad is a key signaling pathway in regulating interstitial fibrosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this study, we explored the activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and EMT in NPHP1-defective MDCK cells to further understand the pathogenesis of NPHP. METHODS NPHP1-knockdown (NPHP1KD) MDCK cells were constructed by recombinant lentiviral short hairpin RNA, and NPHP1-knockout (NPHP1KO) MDCK cells were constructed by using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. The morphology and migration ability were observed under a microscope. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of E-cadherin, β-catenin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibroblast-specific protein-1(FSP1), TGF-β1, Smad2, Smad3, p-Smad3, Smad4 and Smad7. The localization of Smad3 was determined by immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS NPHP1KD and NPHP1KO MDCK cells were spindle-shaped and presented EMT-like changes. E-cadherin and β-catenin expression decreased, while α-SMA and FSP1 expression increased; the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway was activated, Smad2, Smad3, p-Smad3 and Smad4 expression increased, Smad3 translocated to nuclear and Smad7 expression decreased compared with those in wild type MDCK cells. Overexpression of Smad7 reversed these changes to different degrees. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that NPHP1 defects induce the activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and EMT in MDCK cells. These factors may be implicated in the pathogenesis of interstitial fibrosis in NPHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Huamu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hongrong Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhihui Yue
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Liangzhong Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Mansour F, Boivin FJ, Shaheed IB, Schueler M, Schmidt-Ott KM. The Role of Centrosome Distal Appendage Proteins (DAPs) in Nephronophthisis and Ciliogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212253. [PMID: 34830133 PMCID: PMC8621283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is found in most mammalian cells and plays a functional role in tissue homeostasis and organ development by modulating key signaling pathways. Ciliopathies are a group of genetically heterogeneous disorders resulting from defects in cilia development and function. Patients with ciliopathic disorders exhibit a range of phenotypes that include nephronophthisis (NPHP), a progressive tubulointerstitial kidney disease that commonly results in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In recent years, distal appendages (DAPs), which radially project from the distal end of the mother centriole, have been shown to play a vital role in primary ciliary vesicle docking and the initiation of ciliogenesis. Mutations in the genes encoding these proteins can result in either a complete loss of the primary cilium, abnormal ciliary formation, or defective ciliary signaling. DAPs deficiency in humans or mice commonly results in NPHP. In this review, we outline recent advances in our understanding of the molecular functions of DAPs and how they participate in nephronophthisis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Mansour
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (F.M.); (F.J.B.)
- Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt;
| | - Felix J. Boivin
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (F.M.); (F.J.B.)
- Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Iman B. Shaheed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt;
| | - Markus Schueler
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (F.M.); (F.J.B.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (K.M.S.-O.)
| | - Kai M. Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (F.M.); (F.J.B.)
- Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (K.M.S.-O.)
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Akira M, Suzuki H, Ikeda A, Iwasaki M, Honda D, Takahara H, Rinno H, Tomita S, Suzuki Y. Atypical histological abnormalities in an adult patient with nephronophthisis harboring NPHP1 deletion: a case report. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:261. [PMID: 34246230 PMCID: PMC8272369 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is a chronic tubular interstitial disorder that exhibits an autosomal recessive genetic form and causes progressive renal failure in children. Patients with NPHP rarely show urinary abnormalities, edema, or hypertension. Thus, NPHP is often detected only when renal failure becomes advanced. NPHP can be divided into three types based on the age of end-stage renal failure, i.e., infant type (approximately 5 years old), juvenile type (approximately 13-14 years old), and adolescent type (approximately 19 years old). Here, we report a case of NPHP diagnosed by genetic analysis at 26 years of age with atypical histological abnormalities. CASE PRESENTATION A 26-year-old woman showed no growth disorders or urinary abnormalities in annual school physical examinations. However, at a check-up at 26 years old, she exhibited renal dysfunction (eGFR 26 mL/min/1.73 m2). Urine tests indicated low specific gravity of urine, but not proteinuria or microscopic hematuria. Urinary β2-microglobulin was high (805 μg/L), and renal biopsy was performed for definitive diagnosis. Histological findings showed no significant findings in glomeruli. However, moderate fibrosis was observed in the interstitial area, and moderate atrophy was observed in the tubules. There were no significant findings in immunofluorescence analysis, and no electron dense deposits were detected by electron microscopy. Although cyst-like expansion of the tubules was unclear, tubular atrophy was dominantly found in the distal tubule by cytokeratin 7 staining. Genetic analysis of the NPHP1 gene showed complete deletion of this gene, leading to a definitive diagnosis of NPHP. CONCLUSIONS NPHP is not merely a pediatric disease and is relatively high incidence in patients with adult onset end-stage of renal disease. In this case, typical histological abnormalities, such as cyst-like expansion of the tubular lesion, were not observed, and diagnosis was achieved by genetic analysis of the NPHP1 gene, which is responsible for the onset of NPHP. In patients with renal failure with tubular interstitial disease dominantly in the distal tubules, it is necessary to discriminate NPHP, even in adult cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Akira
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu-shi, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu-shi, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan.
| | - Arisa Ikeda
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu-shi, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Masako Iwasaki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu-shi, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Daisuke Honda
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu-shi, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Hisatsugu Takahara
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu-shi, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Hisaki Rinno
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu-shi, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Shigeki Tomita
- Department of Pathology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Safi W, Kraus A, Grampp S, Schödel J, Buchholz B. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is regulated by HIF-1α and cAMP and promotes renal cyst cell proliferation in a macrophage-independent manner. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:1547-1559. [PMID: 32885302 PMCID: PMC7591438 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01964-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Progressive cyst growth leads to decline of renal function in polycystic kidney disease. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was found to be upregulated in cyst-lining cells in a mouse model of polycystic kidney disease and to promote cyst growth. In addition, MIF can be secreted by tubular cells and may contribute to cyst growth in an autocrine manner. However, the underlying mechanisms leading to induction of MIF in cyst-lining cells remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF) 1α upregulates MIF in cyst-lining cells in a tubule-specific PKD1 knockout mouse. Pharmacological stabilization of HIF-1α resulted in significant increase of MIF in cyst epithelial cells whereas tubule-specific knockout of HIF-1α prevented MIF upregulation. Identical regulation could be found for ABCA1, which has been shown to act as a transport protein for MIF. Furthermore, we show that MIF and ABCA1 are direct target genes of HIF-1α in human primary tubular cells. Next to HIF-1α and hypoxia, we found MIF being additionally regulated by cAMP which is a strong promotor of cyst growth. In line with these findings, HIF-1α- and cAMP-dependent in vitro cyst growth could be decreased by the MIF-inhibitor ISO-1 which resulted in reduced cyst cell proliferation. In conclusion, HIF-1α and cAMP regulate MIF in primary tubular cells and cyst-lining epithelial cells, and MIF promotes cyst growth in the absence of macrophages. In line with these findings, the MIF inhibitor ISO-1 attenuates HIF-1α- and cAMP-dependent in vitro cyst enlargement. KEY MESSAGES: • MIF is upregulated in cyst-lining cells in a polycystic kidney disease mouse model. • MIF upregulation is mediated by hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF) 1α. • ABCA1, transport protein for MIF, is also regulated by HIF-1α in vitro and in vivo. • MIF is additionally regulated by cAMP, a strong promotor of cyst growth. • MIF-inhibitor ISO-1 reduces HIF-1α- and cAMP-dependent cyst growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajima Safi
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Ulmenweg 18, D - 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Pluripotency for Organ Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andre Kraus
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Ulmenweg 18, D - 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Grampp
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Ulmenweg 18, D - 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Schödel
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Ulmenweg 18, D - 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bjoern Buchholz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Ulmenweg 18, D - 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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Jin H, Zhang Y, Liu D, Wang SS, Ding Q, Rastogi P, Purvis M, Wang A, Elhadi S, Ren C, Cao C, Chai Y, Igarashi P, Jetten AM, Lu D, Attanasio M. Innate Immune Signaling Contributes to Tubular Cell Senescence in the Glis2 Knockout Mouse Model of Nephronophthisis. Am J Pathol 2020; 190:176-189. [PMID: 31676329 PMCID: PMC6943802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nephronophthisis (NPHP), the leading genetic cause of end-stage renal failure in children and young adults, is a group of autosomal recessive diseases characterized by kidney-cyst degeneration and fibrosis for which no therapy is currently available. To date, mutations in >25 genes have been identified as causes of this disease that, in several cases, result in chronic DNA damage in kidney tubular cells. Among such mutations, those in the transcription factor-encoding GLIS2 cause NPHP type 7. Loss of function of mouse Glis2 causes senescence of kidney tubular cells. Senescent cells secrete proinflammatory molecules that induce progressive organ damage through several pathways, among which NF-κB signaling is prevalent. Herein, we show that the NF-κB signaling is active in Glis2 knockout kidney epithelial cells and that genetic inactivation of the toll-like receptor (TLR)/IL-1 receptor or pharmacologic elimination of senescent cells (senolytic therapy) reduces tubule damage, fibrosis, and apoptosis in the Glis2 mouse model of NPHP. Notably, in Glis2, Tlr2 double knockouts, senescence was also reduced and proliferation was increased, suggesting that loss of TLR2 activity improves the regenerative potential of tubular cells in Glis2 knockout kidneys. Our results further suggest that a combination of TLR/IL-1 receptor inhibition and senolytic therapy may delay the progression of kidney disease in NPHP type 7 and other forms of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dingxiao Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shan Shanshan Wang
- Department of Hepatic Oncology, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Ding
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Prerna Rastogi
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Madison Purvis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Angela Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Sarah Elhadi
- Division of Neprhology, Children's Hospital of Illinois, Peoria, Illinois
| | - Chongyu Ren
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Chao Cao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanfen Chai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Peter Igarashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Anton M Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Dongmei Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Massimo Attanasio
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa.
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10
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Rothé B, Gagnieux C, Leal-Esteban LC, Constam DB. Role of the RNA-binding protein Bicaudal-C1 and interacting factors in cystic kidney diseases. Cell Signal 2019; 68:109499. [PMID: 31838063 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic kidneys frequently associate with mutations in individual components of cilia, basal bodies or centriolar satellites that perturb complex protein networks. In this review, we focus on the RNA-binding protein Bicaudal-C1 (BICC1) which was found mutated in renal cystic dysplasia, and on its interactions with the ankyrin repeat and sterile α motif (SAM)-containing proteins ANKS3 and ANKS6 and associated kinases and their partially overlapping ciliopathy phenotypes. After reviewing BICC1 homologs in model organisms and their functions in mRNA and cell metabolism during development and in renal tubules, we discuss recent insights from cell-based assays and from structure analysis of the SAM domains, and how SAM domain oligomerization might influence multivalent higher order complexes that are implicated in ciliary signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rothé
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) SV ISREC, Station 19, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Céline Gagnieux
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) SV ISREC, Station 19, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Carolina Leal-Esteban
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) SV ISREC, Station 19, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel B Constam
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) SV ISREC, Station 19, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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11
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Plesiński K, Adamczyk P, Świętochowska E, Morawiec-Knysak A, Gliwińska A, Korlacki W, Szczepańska M. Evaluation of liver-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) and interleukin 6 in children with renal cysts. ADV CLIN EXP MED 2019; 28:1675-1682. [PMID: 31778601 DOI: 10.17219/acem/110312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal cysts, according to their etiology, can be divided into genetic and acquired cysts. This is of great importance in patients with cystic kidney disease with a possible poor prognosis to identify markers of early kidney damage. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the concentration of serum and urine liver-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in children with kidney cysts. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted on a group of 39 children with kidney cysts including 20 subjects with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). RESULTS Serum and urine L-FABP concentration in children with renal cysts was significantly higher compared to the controls, regardless of the underlying type of cystic degeneration, number of cysts and gender. Also, serum and urinary IL-6 concentration was significantly higher than in the control group. There was a significant negative correlation between serum L-FABP concentration and standard deviation score (SDS) for diastolic blood pressure (DBP). A significant negative correlation was found between serum IL-6 concentration and systolic blood pressure (SBP), DBP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) values as well as SDS for SBP and DBP. In addition, a significant positive correlation was found between urinary IL-6 concentration and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). CONCLUSIONS Higher concentration of L-FABP in serum and urine in children with kidney cysts indicates the early damage to the renal parenchyma, detectable before the onset of hypertension and other organ damage. Significantly higher serum and urinary IL-6 levels in children with cystic kidney disease compared to healthy children may suggest the role of this cytokine in chronic kidney disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr Adamczyk
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Świętochowska
- Chair and Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | | | | | - Wojciech Korlacki
- Department of Children's Developmental Defects Surgery and Traumatology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Maria Szczepańska
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
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12
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Mikoda N, Sonoda H, Oshikawa S, Hoshino Y, Matsuzaki T, Ikeda M. A bell-shaped pattern of urinary aquaporin-2-bearing extracellular vesicle release in an experimental model of nephronophthisis. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14092. [PMID: 31074077 PMCID: PMC6509436 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The DBA/2-FG pcy (pcy) mouse is a model of human nephronophthisis, a recessive cystic kidney disease. Renal expression of aquaporin-2 (AQP2), a water channel protein, has been shown to be altered in pcy mice. However, the relationship between the renal expression and its release in urinary extracellular vesicles (uEV-AQP2), which account for most urinary AQP2, in pcy mice has remained largely unknown. In this study, we examined age-related alterations of this relationship in pcy mice. In comparison with control mice, pcy mice after the age of 14 weeks showed defective urinary concentration ability with an increase in urinary volume. Interestingly, the release of uEV-AQP2 increased progressively up to the age of 16 weeks, but at 21 weeks the release did not significantly differ from that in control mice (i.e., a bell-shaped pattern was evident). Similar results were obtained for uEV marker proteins, including tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) protein and apoptosis-linked gene 2-interacting protein X (Alix). Immunoblot analysis revealed that renal AQP2 expression increased progressively from 11 weeks, and immunohistochemistry showed that this increase was possibly due to an increase in the number of AQP2-positive cells. Analysis of mRNAs for seven types of AQP expressed in the kidney supported this notion. These data suggest that the level of uEV-AQP2 does not simply mirror the renal expression of AQP2 and that the altered release of uEV-AQP2 in pcy mice depends on the numbers of both renal AQP2-positive cells and EVs released into the urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Mikoda
- Department of Veterinary PharmacologyUniversity of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
| | - Hiroko Sonoda
- Department of Veterinary PharmacologyUniversity of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
| | - Sayaka Oshikawa
- Department of Veterinary PharmacologyUniversity of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
| | - Yuya Hoshino
- Department of Veterinary PharmacologyUniversity of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
| | - Toshiyuki Matsuzaki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyGunma University Graduate School of MedicineMaebashiJapan
| | - Masahiro Ikeda
- Department of Veterinary PharmacologyUniversity of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
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13
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Schlimpert M, Lagies S, Müller B, Budnyk V, Blanz KD, Walz G, Kammerer B. Metabolic perturbations caused by depletion of nephronophthisis factor Anks6 in mIMCD3 cells. Metabolomics 2019; 15:71. [PMID: 31041607 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1535-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nephronophthisis (NPH) is an inherited form of cystic kidney disease with various extrarenal manifestations accounting for the largest amount of endstage renal disease in childhood. Patient mutations of Anks6 have also been found to cause NPH like phenotypes in animal models. However, little is known about functionality of Anks6. OBJECTIVES/METHODS We investigated the impact of Anks6 depletion on cellular metabolism of inner medullary collecting duct cells by GC-MS profiling and targeted LC-MS/MS analysis using two different shRNA cell lines for tetracycline-inducible Anks6 downregulation, namely mIMCD3 krab shANKS6 i52 and mIMCD3 krab shANKS6 i12. RESULTS In combination, we could successfully identify 158 metabolites of which 20 compounds showed similar alterations in both knockdown systems. Especially, large neutral amino acids, such as phenylalanine, where found to be significantly downregulated indicating disturbances in amino acid metabolism. Arginine, lysine and spermidine, which play an important role in cell survival and proliferation, were found to be downregulated. Accordingly, cell growth was diminished in tet treated mIMCD3 krab shANKS6 i52 knockdown cells. Deoxynucleosides were significantly downregulated in both knockdown systems. Hence, PARP1 levels were increased in tet treated mIMCD3 krab shANKS6 i52 cells, but not in tet treated mIMCD3 krab shANKS6 i12 cells. However, yH2AX was found to be increased in the latter. CONCLUSION In combination, we hypothesise that Anks6 affects DNA damage responses and proliferation and plays a crucial role in physiological amino acid and purine/pyrimidine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Schlimpert
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Lagies
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Müller
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vadym Budnyk
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kelly Daryll Blanz
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Walz
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Kammerer
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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14
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Ricci P, Magalhães P, Krochmal M, Pejchinovski M, Daina E, Caruso MR, Goea L, Belczacka I, Remuzzi G, Umbhauer M, Drube J, Pape L, Mischak H, Decramer S, Schaefer F, Schanstra JP, Cereghini S, Zürbig P. Urinary proteome signature of Renal Cysts and Diabetes syndrome in children. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2225. [PMID: 30778115 PMCID: PMC6379363 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal Cysts and Diabetes Syndrome (RCAD) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the HNF1B gene encoding for the transcriptional factor hepatocyte nuclear factor-1B. RCAD is characterized as a multi-organ disease, with a broad spectrum of symptoms including kidney abnormalities (renal cysts, renal hypodysplasia, single kidney, horseshoe kidneys, hydronephrosis), early-onset diabetes mellitus, abnormal liver function, pancreatic hypoplasia and genital tract malformations. In the present study, using capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS), we investigated the urinary proteome of a pediatric cohort of RCAD patients and different controls to identify peptide biomarkers and obtain further insights into the pathophysiology of this disorder. As a result, 146 peptides were found to be associated with RCAD in 22 pediatric patients when compared to 22 healthy age-matched controls. A classifier based on these peptides was generated and further tested on an independent cohort, clearly discriminating RCAD patients from different groups of controls. This study demonstrates that the urinary proteome of pediatric RCAD patients differs from autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (PKD1, PKD2), congenital nephrotic syndrome (NPHS1, NPHS2, NPHS4, NPHS9) as well as from chronic kidney disease conditions, suggesting differences between the pathophysiology behind these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierbruno Ricci
- Sorbonne Université - CNRS - UMR7622 - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Paris, France
| | - Pedro Magalhães
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Erica Daina
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri - Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases Aldo e Cele Daccò, Ranica Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Laura Goea
- Sorbonne Université - CNRS - UMR7622 - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Paris, France
| | - Iwona Belczacka
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, Hannover, Germany
- University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), Aachen, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri - Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases Aldo e Cele Daccò, Ranica Bergamo, Italy
| | - Muriel Umbhauer
- Sorbonne Université - CNRS - UMR7622 - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Paris, France
| | - Jens Drube
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lars Pape
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Stéphane Decramer
- Service de Néphrologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Centre De Référence des Maladies Rénales Rares du Sud Ouest (SORARE), Toulouse, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Franz Schaefer
- University Children Hospital, Pediatric Nephrology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joost P Schanstra
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Silvia Cereghini
- Sorbonne Université - CNRS - UMR7622 - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Paris, France
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15
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Bissler JJ, Zadjali F, Bridges D, Astrinidis A, Barone S, Yao Y, Redd JR, Siroky BJ, Wang Y, Finley JT, Rusiniak ME, Baumann H, Zahedi K, Gross KW, Soleimani M. Tuberous sclerosis complex exhibits a new renal cystogenic mechanism. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e13983. [PMID: 30675765 PMCID: PMC6344348 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a tumor predisposition syndrome with significant renal cystic and solid tumor disease. While the most common renal tumor in TSC, the angiomyolipoma, exhibits a loss of heterozygosity associated with disease, we have discovered that the renal cystic epithelium is composed of type A intercalated cells that have an intact Tsc gene that have been induced to exhibit Tsc-mutant disease phenotype. This mechanism appears to be different than that for ADPKD. The murine models described here closely resemble the human disease and both appear to be mTORC1 inhibitor responsive. The induction signaling driving cystogenesis may be mediated by extracellular vesicle trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. Bissler
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's HospitalMemphisTennessee
- St. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennessee
| | - Fahad Zadjali
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryCollege of Medicine & Health SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityMuscatOman
| | - Dave Bridges
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Michigan School of Public HealthAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Aristotelis Astrinidis
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's HospitalMemphisTennessee
| | - Sharon Barone
- Departments of MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Center on Genetics of TransportUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Research ServicesVeterans Affairs Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
| | - Ying Yao
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's HospitalMemphisTennessee
| | - JeAnna R. Redd
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Michigan School of Public HealthAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Brian J. Siroky
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNew York
| | - Joel T. Finley
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's HospitalMemphisTennessee
| | - Michael E. Rusiniak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNew York
| | - Heinz Baumann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNew York
| | - Kamyar Zahedi
- Departments of MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Center on Genetics of TransportUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Research ServicesVeterans Affairs Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
| | - Kenneth W. Gross
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNew York
| | - Manoocher Soleimani
- Departments of MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Center on Genetics of TransportUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhio
- Research ServicesVeterans Affairs Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
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16
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He K, Ma X, Xu T, Li Y, Hodge A, Zhang Q, Torline J, Huang Y, Zhao J, Ling K, Hu J. Axoneme polyglutamylation regulated by Joubert syndrome protein ARL13B controls ciliary targeting of signaling molecules. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3310. [PMID: 30120249 PMCID: PMC6098020 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05867-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulin polyglutamylation is a predominant axonemal post-translational modification. However, if and how axoneme polyglutamylation is essential for primary cilia and contribute to ciliopathies are unknown. Here, we report that Joubert syndrome protein ARL13B controls axoneme polyglutamylation, which is marginally required for cilia stability but essential for cilia signaling. ARL13B interacts with RAB11 effector FIP5 to promote cilia import of glutamylase TTLL5 and TTLL6. Hypoglutamylation caused by a deficient ARL13B-RAB11-FIP5 trafficking pathway shows no effect on ciliogenesis, but promotes cilia disassembly and, importantly, impairs cilia signaling by disrupting the proper anchoring of sensory receptors and trafficking of signaling molecules. Remarkably, depletion of deglutamylase CCP5, the predominant cilia deglutamylase, effectively restores hypoglutamylation-induced cilia defects. Our study reveals a paradigm that tubulin polyglutamylation is a major contributor for cilia signaling and suggests a potential therapeutic strategy by targeting polyglutamylation machinery to promote ciliary targeting of signaling machineries and correct signaling defects in ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Mayo Translational PKD Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Mayo Translational PKD Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Mayo Translational PKD Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Mayo Translational PKD Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Allen Hodge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Julia Torline
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jian Zhao
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Kun Ling
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jinghua Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Mayo Translational PKD Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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17
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Revenkova E, Liu Q, Gusella GL, Iomini C. The Joubert syndrome protein ARL13B binds tubulin to maintain uniform distribution of proteins along the ciliary membrane. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs212324. [PMID: 29592971 PMCID: PMC5992585 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.212324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia-mediated signal transduction involves precise targeting and localization of selected molecules along the ciliary membrane. However, the molecular mechanism underlying these events is unclear. The Joubert syndrome protein ARL13B is a membrane-associated G-protein that localizes along the cilium and functions in protein transport and signaling. We identify tubulin as a direct interactor of ARL13B and demonstrate that the association occurs via the G-domain and independently from the GTPase activity of ARL13B. The G-domain is necessary for the interaction of ARL13B with the axoneme both in vitro and in vivo We further show that exogenously expressed mutants lacking the tubulin-binding G-domain (ARL13B-ΔGD) or whose GTPase domain is inactivated (ARL13B-T35N) retain ciliary localization, but fail to rescue ciliogenesis defects of null Arl13bhnn mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). However, while ARL13B-ΔGD and the membrane proteins Smoothened (SMO) and Somatostatin receptor-3 (SSTR3) distribute unevenly along the cilium of Arl13bhnn MEFs, ARL13B-T35N distributes evenly along the cilium and enables the uniform distribution of SMO and SSTR3. Thus, we propose a so far unknown function of ARL13B in anchoring ciliary membrane proteins to the axoneme through the direct interaction of its G-domain with tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Revenkova
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - G Luca Gusella
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Carlo Iomini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
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18
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Puri P, Schaefer CM, Bushnell D, Taglienti ME, Kreidberg JA, Yoder BK, Bates CM. Ectopic Phosphorylated Creb Marks Dedifferentiated Proximal Tubules in Cystic Kidney Disease. Am J Pathol 2018; 188:84-94. [PMID: 29107072 PMCID: PMC5745541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic cAMP signaling is pathologic in polycystic kidney disease; however, its spatiotemporal actions are unclear. We characterized the expression of phosphorylated Creb (p-Creb), a target and mediator of cAMP signaling, in developing and cystic kidney models. We also examined tubule-specific effects of cAMP analogs in cystogenesis in embryonic kidney explants. In wild-type mice, p-Creb marked nephron progenitors (NP), early epithelial NP derivatives, ureteric bud, and cortical stroma; p-Creb was present in differentiated thick ascending limb of Henle, collecting duct, and stroma; however, it disappeared in mature NP-derived proximal tubules. In Six2cre;Frs2αFl/Fl mice, a renal cystic model, ectopic p-Creb stained proximal tubule-derived cystic segments that lost the differentiation marker lotus tetragonolobus lectin. Furthermore, lotus tetragonolobus lectin-negative/p-Creb-positive cyst segments (re)-expressed Ncam1, Pax2, and Sox9 markers of immature nephron structures and dedifferentiated proximal tubules after acute kidney injury. These dedifferentiation markers were co-expressed with p-Creb in renal cysts in Itf88 knockout mice subjected to ischemia and Six2cre;Pkd1Fl/Fl mice, other renal cystogenesis models. 8-Br-cAMP addition to wild-type embryonic kidney explants induced proximal tubular cystogenesis and p-Creb expression; these effects were blocked by co-addition of protein kinase A inhibitor. Thus p-Creb/cAMP signaling is appropriate in NP and early nephron derivatives, but disappears in mature proximal tubules. Moreover, ectopic p-Creb expression/cAMP signaling marks dedifferentiated proximal tubular cystic segments. Furthermore, proximal tubules are predisposed to become cystic after cAMP stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Puri
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Caitlin M Schaefer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel Bushnell
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary E Taglienti
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jordan A Kreidberg
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bradley K Yoder
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Carlton M Bates
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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19
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Fleming LR, Doherty DA, Parisi MA, Glass IA, Bryant J, Fischer R, Turkbey B, Choyke P, Daryanani K, Vemulapalli M, Mullikin JC, Malicdan MC, Vilboux T, Sayer JA, Gahl WA, Gunay-Aygun M. Prospective Evaluation of Kidney Disease in Joubert Syndrome. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 12:1962-1973. [PMID: 29146704 PMCID: PMC5718273 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.05660517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Joubert syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous ciliopathy associated with >30 genes. The characteristics of kidney disease and genotype-phenotype correlations have not been evaluated in a large cohort at a single center. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We evaluated 97 individuals with Joubert syndrome at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center using abdominal ultrasonography, blood and urine chemistries, and DNA sequencing. RESULTS Patients were ages 0.6-36 years old (mean of 9.0±7.6 years old); 41 were female. Mutations were identified in 19 genes in 92 patients; two thirds of the mutations resided in six genes: TMEM67, C5orf42, CC2D2A, CEP290, AHI1, and KIAA0586. Kidney disease was detected in 30%, most commonly in association with the following genes: CEP290 (six of six), TMEM67 (11 of 22), and AHI1 (three of six). No kidney disease was identified in patients with mutations in C5orf42 (zero of 15) or KIAA0586 (zero of six). Prenatal ultrasonography of kidneys was normal in 72% of patients with kidney disease. Specific types of kidney disease included nephronophthisis (31%), an overlap phenotype of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease/nephronophthisis (35%), unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney (10%), and indeterminate-type cystic kidney disease (24%). Early-onset hypertension occurred in 24% of patients with kidney disease. Age at ESRD (n=13) ranged from 6 to 24 years old (mean of 11.3±4.8 years old). CONCLUSIONS Kidney disease occurs in up to one third of patients with Joubert syndrome, most commonly in those with mutations in CEP290, TMEM67, and AHI1. Patients with mutations in C5orf42 or KIAA0586 are less likely to develop kidney disease. Prenatal ultrasonography is a poor predictor of kidney involvement in Joubert syndrome. Unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease-like enlarged kidneys with early-onset hypertension can be part of the Joubert syndrome kidney phenotype.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnostic imaging
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics
- Abnormalities, Multiple/metabolism
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Age of Onset
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cerebellum/abnormalities
- Cerebellum/diagnostic imaging
- Cerebellum/metabolism
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Cytoskeletal Proteins
- Eye Abnormalities/complications
- Eye Abnormalities/diagnostic imaging
- Eye Abnormalities/genetics
- Eye Abnormalities/metabolism
- Female
- Genotype
- Humans
- Infant
- Kidney Diseases, Cystic/complications
- Kidney Diseases, Cystic/congenital
- Kidney Diseases, Cystic/diagnostic imaging
- Kidney Diseases, Cystic/genetics
- Kidney Diseases, Cystic/metabolism
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/etiology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/genetics
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney/complications
- Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney/diagnostic imaging
- Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney/genetics
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Phenotype
- Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Recessive/complications
- Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Recessive/diagnostic imaging
- Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Recessive/genetics
- Prospective Studies
- Proteins/genetics
- Retina/abnormalities
- Retina/diagnostic imaging
- Retina/metabolism
- Ultrasonography, Prenatal
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah R Fleming
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are provided in the Supplemental Material
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20
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Wang Y, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Yang Y, Liu F. A case of a novel mutation in HNF1β-related maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 5 with diabetic kidney disease complication in a Chinese family. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:1243-1246. [PMID: 28502589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Precise diagnosis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) has proven valuable for understanding mechanism of diabetes and selecting optimal therapy. A proband and her mother with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) were studied to investigate potential genes responsible for diabetes and different severity of DKD between the parent and offspring. METHODS The family with suspected MODY underwent mutational analyses by the whole exome sequencing (WES). Candidate pathogenic variants were validated by Sanger sequencing and tested for co-segregation. The clinical parameters of subjects were collected from medical records. RESULTS A novel missense heterozygous mutation in exon 4 of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β (HNF1β), c.1007A > G (p.H336R), was identified in both the proband and her mother. Moreover, comparing the family's WES results, we found that the proband had acquired a KCNQ1 gene mutation from her father and acquired ACE and SORBS1 gene mutations from her mother. These three genes are known susceptibility genes of DKD and may impose additional effects contributing to DKD severity. CONCLUSIONS A novel mutation in HNF1β-MODY was identified in a Chinese family complicated with DKD, and the additional effect of pathogenic variants in susceptibility genes was speculated to contribute to DKD severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Wang
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingwang Zhao
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Junlin Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxiang Yang
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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21
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Ivanova AA, Caspary T, Seyfried NT, Duong DM, West AB, Liu Z, Kahn RA. Biochemical characterization of purified mammalian ARL13B protein indicates that it is an atypical GTPase and ARL3 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). J Biol Chem 2017; 292:11091-11108. [PMID: 28487361 PMCID: PMC5491791 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.784025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia play central roles in signaling during metazoan development. Several key regulators of ciliogenesis and ciliary signaling are mutated in humans, resulting in a number of ciliopathies, including Joubert syndrome (JS). ARL13B is a ciliary GTPase with at least three missense mutations identified in JS patients. ARL13B is a member of the ADP ribosylation factor family of regulatory GTPases, but is atypical in having a non-homologous, C-terminal domain of ∼20 kDa and at least one key residue difference in the consensus GTP-binding motifs. For these reasons, and to establish a solid biochemical basis on which to begin to model its actions in cells and animals, we developed preparations of purified, recombinant, murine Arl13b protein. We report results from assays for solution-based nucleotide binding, intrinsic and GTPase-activating protein-stimulated GTPase, and ARL3 guanine nucleotide exchange factor activities. Biochemical analyses of three human missense mutations found in JS and of two consensus GTPase motifs reinforce the atypical properties of this regulatory GTPase. We also discovered that murine Arl13b is a substrate for casein kinase 2, a contaminant in our preparation from human embryonic kidney cells. This activity, and the ability of casein kinase 2 to use GTP as a phosphate donor, may be a source of differences between our data and previously published results. These results provide a solid framework for further research into ARL13B on which to develop models for the actions of this clinically important cell regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamara Caspary
- Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 and
| | | | | | - Andrew B West
- the Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- the Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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22
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Nozaki S, Katoh Y, Terada M, Michisaka S, Funabashi T, Takahashi S, Kontani K, Nakayama K. Regulation of ciliary retrograde protein trafficking by the Joubert syndrome proteins ARL13B and INPP5E. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:563-576. [PMID: 27927754 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.197004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ARL13B (a small GTPase) and INPP5E (a phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase) are ciliary proteins encoded by causative genes of Joubert syndrome. We here showed, by taking advantage of a visible immunoprecipitation assay, that ARL13B interacts with the IFT46 -: IFT56 (IFT56 is also known as TTC26) dimer of the intraflagellar transport (IFT)-B complex, which mediates anterograde ciliary protein trafficking. However, the ciliary localization of ARL13B was found to be independent of its interaction with IFT-B, but dependent on the ciliary-targeting sequence RVEP in its C-terminal region. ARL13B-knockout cells had shorter cilia than control cells and exhibited aberrant localization of ciliary proteins, including INPP5E. In particular, in ARL13B-knockout cells, the IFT-A and IFT-B complexes accumulated at ciliary tips, and GPR161 (a negative regulator of Hedgehog signaling) could not exit cilia in response to stimulation with Smoothened agonist. This abnormal phenotype was rescued by the exogenous expression of wild-type ARL13B, as well as by its mutant defective in the interaction with IFT-B, but not by its mutants defective in INPP5E binding or in ciliary localization. Thus, ARL13B regulates IFT-A-mediated retrograde protein trafficking within cilia through its interaction with INPP5E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Nozaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yohei Katoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masaya Terada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Saki Michisaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Teruki Funabashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Senye Takahashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Kontani
- Department of Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakayama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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23
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Slaats GG, Isabella CR, Kroes HY, Dempsey JC, Gremmels H, Monroe GR, Phelps IG, Duran KJ, Adkins J, Kumar SA, Knutzen DM, Knoers NV, Mendelsohn NJ, Neubauer D, Mastroyianni SD, Vogt J, Worgan L, Karp N, Bowdin S, Glass IA, Parisi MA, Otto EA, Johnson CA, Hildebrandt F, van Haaften G, Giles RH, Doherty D. MKS1 regulates ciliary INPP5E levels in Joubert syndrome. J Med Genet 2016; 53:62-72. [PMID: 26490104 PMCID: PMC5060087 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Joubert syndrome (JS) is a recessive ciliopathy characterised by a distinctive brain malformation 'the molar tooth sign'. Mutations in >27 genes cause JS, and mutations in 12 of these genes also cause Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MKS). The goals of this work are to describe the clinical features of MKS1-related JS and determine whether disease causing MKS1 mutations affect cellular phenotypes such as cilium number, length and protein content as potential mechanisms underlying JS. METHODS We measured cilium number, length and protein content (ARL13B and INPP5E) by immunofluorescence in fibroblasts from individuals with MKS1-related JS and in a three-dimensional (3D) spheroid rescue assay to test the effects of disease-related MKS1 mutations. RESULTS We report MKS1 mutations (eight of them previously unreported) in nine individuals with JS. A minority of the individuals with MKS1-related JS have MKS features. In contrast to the truncating mutations associated with MKS, all of the individuals with MKS1-related JS carry ≥ 1 non-truncating mutation. Fibroblasts from individuals with MKS1-related JS make normal or fewer cilia than control fibroblasts, their cilia are more variable in length than controls, and show decreased ciliary ARL13B and INPP5E. Additionally, MKS1 mutant alleles have similar effects in 3D spheroids. CONCLUSIONS MKS1 functions in the transition zone at the base of the cilium to regulate ciliary INPP5E content, through an ARL13B-dependent mechanism. Mutations in INPP5E also cause JS, so our findings in patient fibroblasts support the notion that loss of INPP5E function, due to either mutation or mislocalisation, is a key mechanism underlying JS, downstream of MKS1 and ARL13B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela G. Slaats
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hester Y. Kroes
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hendrik Gremmels
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Glen R. Monroe
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ian G. Phelps
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karen J. Duran
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Adkins
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Integrated Cancer Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sairam A. Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dana M. Knutzen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nine V. Knoers
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nancy J. Mendelsohn
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children’s Hospitals & Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David Neubauer
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Developmental Neurology, University Children’s Hospital Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Julie Vogt
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lisa Worgan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, Australia
| | - Natalya Karp
- Medical Genetics Program, Department of Pediatrics, London Health Science Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Bowdin
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian A. Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Melissa A. Parisi
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Edgar A. Otto
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Colin A. Johnson
- Section of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience, Leeds Institutes of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Gijs van Haaften
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel H. Giles
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dan Doherty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
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24
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Schock EN, Chang CF, Youngworth IA, Davey MG, Delany ME, Brugmann SA. Utilizing the chicken as an animal model for human craniofacial ciliopathies. Dev Biol 2015; 415:326-337. [PMID: 26597494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The chicken has been a particularly useful model for the study of craniofacial development and disease for over a century due to their relatively large size, accessibility, and amenability for classical bead implantation and transplant experiments. Several naturally occurring mutant lines with craniofacial anomalies also exist and have been heavily utilized by developmental biologist for several decades. Two of the most well known lines, talpid(2) (ta(2)) and talpid(3) (ta(3)), represent the first spontaneous mutants to have the causative genes identified. Despite having distinct genetic causes, both mutants have recently been identified as ciliopathic. Excitingly, both of these mutants have been classified as models for human craniofacial ciliopathies: Oral-facial-digital syndrome (ta(2)) and Joubert syndrome (ta(3)). Herein, we review and compare these two models of craniofacial disease and highlight what they have revealed about the molecular and cellular etiology of ciliopathies. Furthermore, we outline how applying classical avian experiments and new technological advances (transgenics and genome editing) with naturally occurring avian mutants can add a tremendous amount to what we currently know about craniofacial ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth N Schock
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ching-Fang Chang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ingrid A Youngworth
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Megan G Davey
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Mary E Delany
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Samantha A Brugmann
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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25
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Bachmann-Gagescu R, Dona M, Hetterschijt L, Tonnaer E, Peters T, de Vrieze E, Mans DA, van Beersum SEC, Phelps IG, Arts HH, Keunen JE, Ueffing M, Roepman R, Boldt K, Doherty D, Moens CB, Neuhauss SCF, Kremer H, van Wijk E. The Ciliopathy Protein CC2D2A Associates with NINL and Functions in RAB8-MICAL3-Regulated Vesicle Trafficking. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005575. [PMID: 26485645 PMCID: PMC4617701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a group of human disorders caused by dysfunction of primary cilia, ubiquitous microtubule-based organelles involved in transduction of extra-cellular signals to the cell. This function requires the concentration of receptors and channels in the ciliary membrane, which is achieved by complex trafficking mechanisms, in part controlled by the small GTPase RAB8, and by sorting at the transition zone located at the entrance of the ciliary compartment. Mutations in the transition zone gene CC2D2A cause the related Joubert and Meckel syndromes, two typical ciliopathies characterized by central nervous system malformations, and result in loss of ciliary localization of multiple proteins in various models. The precise mechanisms by which CC2D2A and other transition zone proteins control protein entrance into the cilium and how they are linked to vesicular trafficking of incoming cargo remain largely unknown. In this work, we identify the centrosomal protein NINL as a physical interaction partner of CC2D2A. NINL partially co-localizes with CC2D2A at the base of cilia and ninl knockdown in zebrafish leads to photoreceptor outer segment loss, mislocalization of opsins and vesicle accumulation, similar to cc2d2a-/- phenotypes. Moreover, partial ninl knockdown in cc2d2a-/- embryos enhances the retinal phenotype of the mutants, indicating a genetic interaction in vivo, for which an illustration is found in patients from a Joubert Syndrome cohort. Similar to zebrafish cc2d2a mutants, ninl morphants display altered Rab8a localization. Further exploration of the NINL-associated interactome identifies MICAL3, a protein known to interact with Rab8 and to play an important role in vesicle docking and fusion. Together, these data support a model where CC2D2A associates with NINL to provide a docking point for cilia-directed cargo vesicles, suggesting a mechanism by which transition zone proteins can control the protein content of the ciliary compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra Bachmann-Gagescu
- Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Margo Dona
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lisette Hetterschijt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Edith Tonnaer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Theo Peters
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik de Vrieze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dorus A. Mans
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvia E. C. van Beersum
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ian G. Phelps
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Heleen H. Arts
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jan E. Keunen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Division of Experimental Ophthalmology and Medical Proteome Center, Centre for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ronald Roepman
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Karsten Boldt
- Division of Experimental Ophthalmology and Medical Proteome Center, Centre for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Dan Doherty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Cecilia B. Moens
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Hannie Kremer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin van Wijk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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26
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Slaats GG, Saldivar JC, Bacal J, Zeman MK, Kile AC, Hynes AM, Srivastava S, Nazmutdinova J, den Ouden K, Zagers MS, Foletto V, Verhaar MC, Miles C, Sayer JA, Cimprich KA, Giles RH. DNA replication stress underlies renal phenotypes in CEP290-associated Joubert syndrome. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:3657-66. [PMID: 26301811 DOI: 10.1172/jci80657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile ciliopathy syndromes that are associated with renal cysts and premature renal failure are commonly the result of mutations in the gene encoding centrosomal protein CEP290. In addition to centrosomes and the transition zone at the base of the primary cilium, CEP290 also localizes to the nucleus; however, the nuclear function of CEP290 is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that reduction of cellular CEP290 in primary human and mouse kidney cells as well as in zebrafish embryos leads to enhanced DNA damage signaling and accumulation of DNA breaks ex vivo and in vivo. Compared with those from WT mice, primary kidney cells from Cep290-deficient mice exhibited supernumerary centrioles, decreased replication fork velocity, fork asymmetry, and increased levels of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Treatment of Cep290-deficient cells with CDK inhibitors rescued DNA damage and centriole number. Moreover, the loss of primary cilia that results from CEP290 dysfunction was rescued in 3D cell culture spheroids of primary murine kidney cells after exposure to CDK inhibitors. Together, our results provide a link between CEP290 and DNA replication stress and suggest CDK inhibition as a potential treatment strategy for a wide range of ciliopathy syndromes.
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Grantham
- Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas
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28
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Meunier B, Médart L, Massart JP, Collignon L. [Intra-cystic renal calcium milk]. Rev Med Liege 2015; 70:61-63. [PMID: 26011988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Intra-cystic renal calcium milk is a rare entity. The authors report a clinical case, and describe the radiographic and tomodensitometric appearances. This 50 year old patient has been followed up for more than ten years for urinary lithiasis with recurrent pain.
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29
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Mochizuki T. [Cystic kidney disease]. Nihon Jinzo Gakkai Shi 2015; 57:774-782. [PMID: 26126335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Zhang W, Li Y, Lu Q, Zhuang J, Wang Q, Zhao H, Yu W, Kang E, Feng Z. [Clinicopathologic features and differential diagnosis of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2014; 43:723-727. [PMID: 25582248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and the diagnosis of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma (MCRCC). METHODS The clinicopathological data of 19 MCRCC cases were collected and immunohistochemical staining assays were carried out. Forty-six cases of other cystic kidney lesions within the same period were collected as controls, including extensively cystic clear cell RCC (12 cases), clear cell tubulopapillary renal cell carcinoma (6 cases), tubulocystic carcinoma (2 cases), simple cortical cysts (22 cases), multilocular cystic nephroma (1 cases) and multicystic kidney (3 cases). RESULTS The patients included 14 males and 5 females. The ages ranged from 31 to 66 years (median age = 50 years). Most of the MCRCC cases were detected incidentally in physical examination, occasionally accompanied with hematuria, back pain or other symptoms. The follow-up period of 17 patients ranged from 6 to 170 months. All patients were alive without evidence of tumor recurrence or metastasis. Pathological findings showed that macroscopically, tumor size ranges from 1.5 to 7.0 cm in the maximum diameter, generally a entirely of various sized. The cysts contain serous, hemorrhagic or turbid fluid. Solid areas or substantially discernible mural nodules were absent; histologicallly, single layer of cuboidal and flattened epithelial tumor cells were lined in the cysts, described as clear cytoplasm, small nuclear, no nucleoli and low Fuhrman nuclear grade (I or II). Multilayer tumor cells could be observed in a few cysts, with granular cytoplasm and small intracystic papillae formed. The clear tumor cell clusters, similar as cystic lined tumor cells, were seen within pathological fibrous in almost all cases, and significant myofibroblastic proliferation was found in 14 cases. Immunohistochemically, the cysts lined epithelial cells and the clear tumor cell clusters were positive for epithelium markers, including CKpan(19/19), EMA(16/19) and CK7 (15/19); higher percentage of CAIX (17/19) and PAX8(15/19) than control groups, but lower percentage of CD10 (7/19), RCC (6/19) and AMACR(2/19); and all were negative for 34βE12, CD117 and CD68. CONCLUSIONS Multilocular cysts, clear cells clusters of low Fuhrman grade within fibrous septa and capillary vessel proliferation under epithelium are important features of MCRCC. The united using of CAIX, CK7, CD10 and RCC is helpful for differentiating variable cystic renal tumor. MCRCC usually has an excellent prognosis, nephron sparing surgery is first recommended as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, 401 Hospital of PLA, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yujun Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China. E-mail:
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Thomas S, Wright KJ, Le Corre S, Micalizzi A, Romani M, Abhyankar A, Saada J, Perrault I, Amiel J, Litzler J, Filhol E, Elkhartoufi N, Kwong M, Casanova JL, Boddaert N, Baehr W, Lyonnet S, Munnich A, Burglen L, Chassaing N, Encha-Ravazi F, Vekemans M, Gleeson JG, Valente EM, Jackson PK, Drummond IA, Saunier S, Attié-Bitach T. A homozygous PDE6D mutation in Joubert syndrome impairs targeting of farnesylated INPP5E protein to the primary cilium. Hum Mutat 2014; 35:137-46. [PMID: 24166846 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JS) is characterized by a distinctive cerebellar structural defect, namely the << molar tooth sign >>. JS is genetically heterogeneous, involving 20 genes identified to date, which are all required for cilia biogenesis and/or function. In a consanguineous family with JS associated with optic nerve coloboma, kidney hypoplasia, and polydactyly, combined exome sequencing and mapping identified a homozygous splice-site mutation in PDE6D, encoding a prenyl-binding protein. We found that pde6d depletion in zebrafish leads to renal and retinal developmental anomalies and wild-type but not mutant PDE6D is able to rescue this phenotype. Proteomic analysis identified INPP5E, whose mutations also lead to JS or mental retardation, obesity, congenital retinal dystrophy, and micropenis syndromes, as novel prenyl-dependent cargo of PDE6D. Mutant PDE6D shows reduced binding to INPP5E, which fails to localize to primary cilia in patient fibroblasts and tissues. Furthermore, mutant PDE6D is unable to bind to GTP-bound ARL3, which acts as a cargo-release factor for PDE6D-bound INPP5E. Altogether, these results indicate that PDE6D is required for INPP5E ciliary targeting and suggest a broader role for PDE6D in targeting other prenylated proteins to the cilia. This study identifies PDE6D as a novel JS disease gene and provides the first evidence of prenyl-binding-dependent trafficking in ciliopathies.
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Bakkaloğlu SA, Kandur Y, Bedir-Demirdağ T, Işık-Gönül İ, Hildebrandt F. Diverse phenotypic expression of NPHP4 mutations in four siblings. Turk J Pediatr 2014; 56:423-426. [PMID: 25818963 PMCID: PMC5839637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by renal tubular basement membrane disruption, interstitial fibrosis and tubular cysts that progresses to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). There are also characteristic extrarenal manifestations. Mutations of more than thirteen genes that can cause NPHP have been identified. We herein report four siblings from a consanguineous family, who carried the same NPHP4 mutations but presented with different disease phenotypes ranging from enuresis nocturna to ESKD. Diluted urine and echogenic kidneys in ultrasound examination were consistent, which is typical for 100% of the NPHP cases that have been described. Chronic kidney disease developed in the older two brothers. The observed phenotypic differences are likely to be related to environmental and epigenetic factors, oligogenic inheritance and modifier genes affecting the age of presentation of signs and symptoms. NPHP should be considered as an important cause of CKD in children, which insidiously progresses to ESKD, with no specific therapy available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevcan A Bakkaloğlu
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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Vijayakumar S, Dang S, Marinkovich MP, Lazarova Z, Yoder B, Torres VE, Wallace DP. Aberrant expression of laminin-332 promotes cell proliferation and cyst growth in ARPKD. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 306:F640-54. [PMID: 24370592 PMCID: PMC3949036 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00104.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Basement membrane abnormalities have often been observed in kidney cysts of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) patients and animal models. There is an abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix molecules, including laminin-α3,β3,γ2 (laminin-332), in human autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD). Knockdown of PKD1 paralogs in zebrafish leads to dysregulated synthesis of the extracellular matrix, suggesting that altered basement membrane assembly may be a primary defect in ADPKD. In this study, we demonstrate that laminin-332 is aberrantly expressed in cysts and precystic tubules of human autosomal recessive PKD (ARPKD) kidneys as well as in the kidneys of PCK rats, an orthologous ARPKD model. There was aberrant expression of laminin-γ2 as early as postnatal day 2 and elevated laminin-332 protein in postnatal day 30, coinciding with the formation and early growth of renal cysts in PCK rat kidneys. We also show that a kidney cell line derived from Oak Ridge polycystic kidney mice, another model of ARPKD, exhibited abnormal lumen-deficient and multilumen structures in Matrigel culture. These cells had increased proliferation rates and altered expression levels of laminin-332 compared with their rescued counterparts. A function-blocking polyclonal antibody to laminin-332 significantly inhibited their abnormal proliferation rates and rescued their aberrant phenotype in Matrigel culture. Furthermore, abnormal laminin-332 expression in cysts originating from collecting ducts and proximal tubules as well as in precystic tubules was observed in a human end-stage ADPKD kidney. Our results suggest that abnormal expression of laminin-332 contributes to the aberrant proliferation of cyst epithelial cells and cyst growth in genetic forms of PKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soundarapandian Vijayakumar
- Dept. of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, SUNY Cobleskill, 111 Schenectady Ave. WH200, Cobleskill, NY 12043.
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Gakhal MS, Levy HM. Renal cyst completely filled with milk of calcium on CT appears as a simple cyst on sonography. J Clin Ultrasound 2014; 42:100-102. [PMID: 23860955 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.22057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Milk of calcium within a renal cyst typically layers in the dependent aspect of the cyst and appears echogenic with posterior shadowing and reverberation echoes on sonography. We present a rare case of a renal cyst completely filled with milk of calcium, which appeared sonolucent with enhanced through transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandip S Gakhal
- Department of Radiology, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE
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35
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Fan X, Rao Q, Zhang LH. [Pathologic features of recently identified renal cell carcinoma]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2013; 42:569-573. [PMID: 24246930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Papillary/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Kidney Diseases, Cystic/genetics
- Kidney Diseases, Cystic/metabolism
- Kidney Diseases, Cystic/pathology
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Translocation, Genetic
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Zalli D, Bayliss R, Fry AM. The Nek8 protein kinase, mutated in the human cystic kidney disease nephronophthisis, is both activated and degraded during ciliogenesis. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 21:1155-71. [PMID: 22106379 PMCID: PMC3277313 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the never-in-mitosis A-related kinase, Nek8, are associated with cystic kidney disease in both humans and mice, with Nek8 being the NPHP9 gene in the human juvenile cystic kidney disease, nephronophthisis. Human Nek8/NPHP9 localizes to centrosomes and the proximal region of cilia in dividing and ciliated cells, respectively. However, the regulation of Nek8 kinase activity, as well as its role in ciliogenesis, remains to be defined. Here, by establishing Nek8 kinase assays, we first demonstrate that the localization of Nek8 to centrosomes and cilia is dependent on both kinase activity and the C-terminal non-catalytic RCC1 domain. The kinase domain alone is active, but does not localize correctly, while the RCC1 domain localizes correctly and can be phosphorylated by Nek8. We propose that centrosome recruitment is mediated by the RCC1 domain, but requires a conformational change in the full-length protein that is promoted by autophosphorylation. Interestingly, three human NPHP9-associated mutants retain full kinase activity. However, only two of these, L330F and A497P, localize correctly, suggesting that the third mutant, H425Y, disrupts a centrosome targeting sequence in the RCC1 domain. Importantly, we find that induction of ciliogenesis upon cell cycle exit is accompanied by both activation and proteasomal degradation of Nek8, and that activation is dependent upon phosphorylation within the catalytic domain. Taken together, these findings reveal important insights into the mechanisms through which Nek8 activity and localization are regulated during ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew M. Fry
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +44 1162297069; Fax: +44 1162297018;
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Abstract
Defects in the cilium, a once thought vestigial organelle, have recently been implicated in many human diseases, including a number of cystic kidney diseases such as polycystic kidney disease (PKD), Bardet Bieldl Syndrome, and Meckel-Gruber Syndrome. In a forward genetic screen, qilin was identified as a novel gene important in the pathogenesis of kidney cysts in zebrafish. In this paper we characterized qilin(hi3959A) mutant's phenotypes in detail, investigated cilia formation in this mutant and performed structural and functional analysis of the Qilin protein. Results reveal Qilin's essential role in cilia assembly and maintenance in multiple organs, including the kidney, the lateral line organ, and the outer segment of the photoreceptor cell. In addition, rescue experiments suggest that defective pronephric cilia correlate with the formation of kidney cysts in qilin(hi3959A) mutants. Further, genetic analysis suggests that qilin interacts with multiple intraflagellar transport (IFT) complex B genes, which is supported by the striking phenotypic similarities between qilin(hi3959A) and IFT complex B mutants. Finally, through deletion analysis we provide evidence that the well-conserved N-terminus and the coiled-coil domain of Qilin are both essential and sufficient for its function. Taken all the observations together, we propose that Qilin acts in a similar role as IFT complex B proteins in cilia assembly, maintenance and kidney development in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Li
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Zhaoxia Sun
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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Adam J, Hatipoglu E, O'Flaherty L, Ternette N, Sahgal N, Lockstone H, Baban D, Nye E, Stamp G, Wolhuter K, Stevens M, Fischer R, Carmeliet P, Maxwell P, Pugh C, Frizzell N, Soga T, Kessler B, El-Bahrawy M, Ratcliffe P, Pollard P. Renal cyst formation in Fh1-deficient mice is independent of the Hif/Phd pathway: roles for fumarate in KEAP1 succination and Nrf2 signaling. Cancer Cell 2011; 20:524-37. [PMID: 22014577 PMCID: PMC3202623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 444] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Krebs cycle enzyme fumarate hydratase (FH) is a human tumor suppressor whose inactivation is associated with the development of leiomyomata, renal cysts, and tumors. It has been proposed that activation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) by fumarate-mediated inhibition of HIF prolyl hydroxylases drives oncogenesis. Using a mouse model, we provide genetic evidence that Fh1-associated cyst formation is Hif independent, as is striking upregulation of antioxidant signaling pathways revealed by gene expression profiling. Mechanistic analysis revealed that fumarate modifies cysteine residues within the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), abrogating its ability to repress the Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant response pathway, suggesting a role for Nrf2 dysregulation in FH-associated cysts and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Adam
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Emine Hatipoglu
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Linda O'Flaherty
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Nicola Ternette
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Natasha Sahgal
- Bioinformatics and Statistical Genetics, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Helen Lockstone
- Bioinformatics and Statistical Genetics, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Dilair Baban
- High Throughput Genomics, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Emma Nye
- Experimental Histopathology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Gordon W. Stamp
- Experimental Histopathology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Kathryn Wolhuter
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Marcus Stevens
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Roman Fischer
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular Link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB Leuven B-3000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular Link, Vesalius Research Center, K.U. Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | | | - Chris W. Pugh
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Norma Frizzell
- Department of Exercise Science, School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 403-1 Daihoji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0017, Japan
| | - Benedikt M. Kessler
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Peter J. Ratcliffe
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Corresponding author
| | - Patrick J. Pollard
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Corresponding author
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Sang L, Miller JJ, Corbit KC, Giles RH, Brauer MJ, Otto EA, Baye LM, Wen X, Scales SJ, Kwong M, Huntzicker EG, Sfakianos MK, Sandoval W, Bazan JF, Kulkarni P, Garcia-Gonzalo FR, Seol AD, O'Toole JF, Held S, Reutter HM, Lane WS, Rafiq MA, Noor A, Ansar M, Devi ARR, Sheffield VC, Slusarski DC, Vincent JB, Doherty DA, Hildebrandt F, Reiter JF, Jackson PK. Mapping the NPHP-JBTS-MKS protein network reveals ciliopathy disease genes and pathways. Cell 2011; 145:513-28. [PMID: 21565611 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nephronophthisis (NPHP), Joubert (JBTS), and Meckel-Gruber (MKS) syndromes are autosomal-recessive ciliopathies presenting with cystic kidneys, retinal degeneration, and cerebellar/neural tube malformation. Whether defects in kidney, retinal, or neural disease primarily involve ciliary, Hedgehog, or cell polarity pathways remains unclear. Using high-confidence proteomics, we identified 850 interactors copurifying with nine NPHP/JBTS/MKS proteins and discovered three connected modules: "NPHP1-4-8" functioning at the apical surface, "NPHP5-6" at centrosomes, and "MKS" linked to Hedgehog signaling. Assays for ciliogenesis and epithelial morphogenesis in 3D renal cultures link renal cystic disease to apical organization defects, whereas ciliary and Hedgehog pathway defects lead to retinal or neural deficits. Using 38 interactors as candidates, linkage and sequencing analysis of 250 patients identified ATXN10 and TCTN2 as new NPHP-JBTS genes, and our Tctn2 mouse knockout shows neural tube and Hedgehog signaling defects. Our study further illustrates the power of linking proteomic networks and human genetics to uncover critical disease pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Sang
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Pluznick JL, Rodriguez-Gil DJ, Hull M, Mistry K, Gattone V, Johnson CA, Weatherbee S, Greer CA, Caplan MJ. Renal cystic disease proteins play critical roles in the organization of the olfactory epithelium. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19694. [PMID: 21614130 PMCID: PMC3094399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It was reported that some proteins known to cause renal cystic disease (NPHP6;
BBS1, and BBS4) also localize to the olfactory epithelium (OE), and that
mutations in these proteins can cause anosmia in addition to renal cystic
disease. We demonstrate here that a number of other proteins associated with
renal cystic diseases – polycystin 1 and 2 (PC1, PC2), and Meckel-Gruber
syndrome 1 and 3 (MKS1, MKS3) – localize to the murine OE. PC1, PC2, MKS1
and MKS3 are all detected in the OE by RT-PCR. We find that MKS3 localizes
specifically to dendritic knobs of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), while PC1
localizes to both dendritic knobs and cilia of mature OSNs. In mice carrying
mutations in MKS1, the expression of the olfactory adenylate
cyclase (AC3) is substantially reduced. Moreover, in rats with renal cystic
disease caused by a mutation in MKS3, the laminar organization
of the OE is perturbed and there is a reduced expression of components of the
odor transduction cascade (Golf, AC3) and α-acetylated tubulin.
Furthermore, we show with electron microscopy that cilia in
MKS3 mutant animals do not manifest the proper microtubule
architecture. Both MKS1 and MKS3 mutant
animals show no obvious alterations in odor receptor expression. These data show
that multiple renal cystic proteins localize to the OE, where we speculate that
they work together to regulate aspects of the development, maintenance or
physiological activities of cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Pluznick
- Department of Cellular and Molecular
Physiology, Yale School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut, United States of
America
| | - Diego J. Rodriguez-Gil
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology,
Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of
America
| | - Michael Hull
- Department of Cellular and Molecular
Physiology, Yale School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut, United States of
America
| | - Kavita Mistry
- Department of Cellular and Molecular
Physiology, Yale School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut, United States of
America
| | - Vincent Gattone
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology,
Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of
America
| | - Colin A. Johnson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Neurosciences,
Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United
Kingdom
| | - Scott Weatherbee
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School
of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Charles A. Greer
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology,
Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of
America
| | - Michael J. Caplan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular
Physiology, Yale School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut, United States of
America
- * E-mail:
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Molina M, Calvo C, Cambil T, de la Riva PA, de Bonilla A, Castro J. [I-131 uptake in renal cyst: a false positive result]. Rev Esp Med Nucl 2011; 30:165-167. [PMID: 21377243 DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present the case of a 60-year old male with a follicular pattern of multifocal invasive papillary thyroid carcinoma who had undergone total thyroidectomy. During post-surgical follow-up with I-131 scan, a I-131 deposit was observed in the upper left hemiabdomen. Due to suspicion that it could be a metastasis, an ultrasound and CT scan were performed, with the subsequent diagnosis of a left simple serous renal cyst. Once confirmed, drainage was performed under ultrasound control, obtaining I-131 in the analysis of its content.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Molina
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain.
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43
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Renigunta A, Renigunta V, Saritas T, Decher N, Mutig K, Waldegger S. Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein interacts with renal outer medullary potassium channel ROMK2 and regulates its function. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:2224-2235. [PMID: 21081491 PMCID: PMC3023518 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.149880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THGP) or Uromodulin is a membrane protein exclusively expressed along the thick ascending limb (TAL) and early distal convoluted tubule (DCT) of the nephron. Mutations in the THGP encoding gene result in Familial Juvenile Hyperuricemic Nephropathy (FJHN), Medullary Cystic Kidney Disease type 2 (MCKD-2), and Glomerulocystic Kidney Disease (GCKD). The physicochemical and biological properties of THGP have been studied extensively, but its physiological function in the TAL remains obscure. We performed yeast two-hybrid screening employing a human kidney cDNA library and identified THGP as a potential interaction partner of the renal outer medullary potassium channel (ROMK2), a key player in the process of salt reabsorption along the TAL. Functional analysis by electrophysiological techniques in Xenopus oocytes showed a strong increase in ROMK current amplitudes when co-expressed with THGP. The effect of THGP was specific for ROMK2 and did not influence current amplitudes upon co-expression with Kir2.x, inward rectifier potassium channels related to ROMK. Single channel conductance and open probability of ROMK2 were not altered by co-expression of THGP, which instead increased surface expression of ROMK2 as determined by patch clamp analysis and luminometric surface quantification, respectively. Despite preserved interaction with ROMK2, disease-causing THGP mutants failed to increase its current amplitude and surface expression. THGP(-/-) mice exhibited increased ROMK accumulation in intracellular vesicular compartments when compared with WT animals. Therefore, THGP modulation of ROMK function confers a new role of THGP on renal ion transport and may contribute to salt wasting observed in FJHN/MCKD-2/GCKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Renigunta
- From the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital, Philipps University of Marburg, Baldingerstr., 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Vijay Renigunta
- the Institute of Physiology, Philipps University of Marburg, Deutschhausstr. 2, 35037 Marburg, Germany, and
| | - Turgay Saritas
- the Institute of Anatomy, Charité-University Medicine, Philippstr. 12, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niels Decher
- the Institute of Physiology, Philipps University of Marburg, Deutschhausstr. 2, 35037 Marburg, Germany, and
| | - Kerim Mutig
- the Institute of Anatomy, Charité-University Medicine, Philippstr. 12, Berlin, Germany
| | - Siegfried Waldegger
- From the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital, Philipps University of Marburg, Baldingerstr., 35043 Marburg, Germany
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44
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Chen YZ, Gao Q, Zhao XZ, Chen YZ, Bennett CL, Xiong XS, Mei CL, Shi YQ, Chen XM. Systematic review of TCF2 anomalies in renal cysts and diabetes syndrome/maturity onset diabetes of the young type 5. Chin Med J (Engl) 2010; 123:3326-3333. [PMID: 21163139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a paucity of published works that systematically evaluate gene anomalies or clinical features of patients with renal cysts and diabetes syndrome (RCAD)/maturity onset diabetes of the young type 5 (MODY5). The purpose of this review was to systematically assess the detection rate, genetic and phenotypic implications of heterozygous autosomal dominant TCF2 anomalies. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE database was searched to select articles recorded in English from 1997 to 2008. The focus was monoallelic germline TCF2 gene mutations/deletions. Biallelic inactivation, polymorphisms, DNA modification (hypomethylation and hypermethylation), loci associated with cancer risk, and somatic TCF2 anomalies were all excluded. STUDY SELECTION After searching the literature, 50 articles were selected. RESULTS The detection rate of TCF2 anomalies was 9.7% and varied considerably among MODY (1.4%), renal structure anomalies (RSA) (21.4%) and RSA with MODY (41.2%) subgroups. Mutations were strikingly located within the DNA binding domain and varied among exons of the DNA binding domain: exons 2 and 4 were the hottest spots, while mutations were sporadically distributed in exon 3. The consistent phenotypes were RSA (89.6%) and diabetes mellitus (DM) (45.0%). However, the concurrence of RSA and DM was relatively low (27.5%), which hinders the optimal performance of genetic testing and obtainment of timely diagnosis. Other organ involvements were complementary and necessary for the early identification of patients with TCF2 anomalies. Analysis of phenotypes of TCF2 point mutations showed significant differences in the detection rates of RSA, impaired renal function (IRF) and DM according to mutation type but not mutation location. CONCLUSION These valuable features of TCF2 anomalies that previously did not receive sufficient attention should not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhi Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Institute and Key Lab of Chinese People's Liberation Army, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
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Bouvrette DJ, Sittaramane V, Heidel JR, Chandrasekhar A, Bryda EC. Knockdown of bicaudal C in zebrafish (Danio rerio) causes cystic kidneys: a nonmammalian model of polycystic kidney disease. Comp Med 2010; 60:96-106. [PMID: 20412683 PMCID: PMC2855035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Revised: 12/05/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease in humans and is characterized by progressive cyst formation, renal enlargement, and abnormal tubular development. Currently, there is no cure for PKD. Although a number of PKD genes have been identified, their precise role in cystogenesis remains unclear. In the jcpk mouse model of PKD, mutations in the bicaudal C gene (Bicc1) are responsible for the cystic phenotype; however, the function of Bicc1 is unknown. In this study, we establish an alternative, nonmammalian zebrafish model to study the role of Bicc1 in PKD pathogenesis. Antisense morpholinos were used to evaluate loss of Bicc1 function in zebrafish. The resulting morphants were examined histologically for kidney cysts and structural abnormalities. Immunostaining and fluorescent dye injection were used to evaluate pronephric cilia and kidney morphogenesis. Knockdown of zebrafish Bicc1 expression resulted in the formation of kidney cysts; however, defects in kidney structure or pronephric cilia were not observed. Importantly, expression of mouse Bicc1 rescues the cystic phenotype of the morphants. These results demonstrate that the function of Bicc1 in the kidney is evolutionarily conserved, thus supporting the use of zebrafish as an alternative in vivo model to study the role of mammalian Bicc1 in renal cyst formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise J Bouvrette
- Genetics Area Program and Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Research Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Vinoth Sittaramane
- Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jerry R Heidel
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Anand Chandrasekhar
- Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Elizabeth C Bryda
- Genetics Area Program and Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Research Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
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Fyhrquist FY, Klockars M, Gordin A, Törnroth T, Kock B. Hyperreninemia, lysozymuria, and erythrocytosis in Fanconi syndrome with medullary cystic kidney. Acta Med Scand 2009; 207:359-65. [PMID: 6992516 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1980.tb09738.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Adult onset Fanconi syndrome with medullary cystic kidney was diagnosed in a 30-year-old male with muscular weakness, hypokalemia, normal BP, hyperreninemia, and secondary aldosteronism. He also had non-specific aminoaciduria, lysozymuria, and beta 2-microglobulinuria. Urinary concentrating and acidifying capacity was impaired, and both sodium and potassium were lost into the urine. I.v. pyelography revealed medullary cystic kidney. Renal biopsy showed juxtaglomerular hyperplasia, heavy subintimal deposits and C3 and IgG in preglomerular arteriolar walls, and degenerative changes in the tubules, including loss of brush border and "macula densa-like" lesions. Polycythemia with elevated serum erythropoietin levels, and raised blood ACTH values with features of cortisolism were also present. Indomethacin therapy decreased plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone, and urinary loss of potassium and sodium, while serum potassium approached normal levels. Metoprolol, a beta-adrenergic blocking agent, caused similar effects. Insensitivity to the pressor effect of angiotensin II was reversed by indomethacin treatment. Somatostatin infusion lowered PRA and aldosterone without affecting BP. Several biochemical aberrations of this patient resemble Bartter's syndrome, including the effect of indomethacin.
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Abstract
Cystic puncture was performed percutaneously in 18 patients with solitary renal cysts and in 22 with multiple, congenital renal cysts. With the aid of tritiated water it was possible to estimate the fluid turnover in the cysts and compare it with their volume, pressure and potassium and creatinine levels. Fluid turnover was rapid in all the renal cysts. Two to five hours after i.v. injection of tritium, the tritium concentration in cystic fluid averaged 88% of the concentration in plasma fluid in patients with polycystic kidneys and 73 percent in patients with solitary cysts. Fluid turnover was more rapid in small than in large cysts, but there was no such difference between cysts with high and low pressure. It is possible that the fluid turnover was slightly faster in cysts with high potassium and creatinine levels than in those with low levels. The results show that the fluid turnover in a renal cyst of 10 ml is considerable--probably more than 100 ml/24 hours. This indicates that fluid inflow to the cyst comes mainly from cells in the cyst wall and not from a single glomerule. Fluid probably leaves the cyst actively via cells in the cyst wall, since the fluid turnover does not increase with high cyst pressure. The fluid turnover is probably secondary to the active solute transportation, which is performed by the cyst cells. This means that these cells have a tubular cell-like function and should respond to pharmacotherapy.
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48
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Thust S, Fernando R, Barwick T, Mohan H, Clarke SEM. SPECT/CT identification of post-radioactive iodine treatment false-positive uptake in a simple renal cyst. Thyroid 2009; 19:75-6. [PMID: 19119982 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2008.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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49
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Willenbring H, Sharma AD, Vogel A, Lee AY, Rothfuss A, Wang Z, Finegold M, Grompe M. Loss of p21 permits carcinogenesis from chronically damaged liver and kidney epithelial cells despite unchecked apoptosis. Cancer Cell 2008; 14:59-67. [PMID: 18598944 PMCID: PMC2526059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2005] [Revised: 03/02/2008] [Accepted: 05/14/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of toxic metabolites in hereditary tyrosinemia type I (HT1) patients leads to chronic DNA damage and the highest risk for hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) of any human disease. Here we show that hepatocytes of HT1 mice exhibit a profound cell-cycle arrest that, despite concomitant apoptosis resistance, causes mortality from impaired liver regeneration. However, additional loss of p21 in HT1 mice restores the proliferative capabilities of hepatocytes and renal proximal tubular cells. This growth response compensates cell loss due to uninhibited apoptosis and enables animal survival but rapidly leads to HCCs, renal cysts, and renal carcinomas. Thus, p21's antiproliferative function is indispensable for the suppression of carcinogenesis from chronically injured liver and renal epithelial cells and cannot be compensated by apoptosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/etiology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Cycle
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/deficiency
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/metabolism
- Cyclohexanones/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Hepatectomy
- Hepatocytes/drug effects
- Hepatocytes/enzymology
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Hepatocytes/pathology
- Hydrolases/genetics
- Hydrolases/metabolism
- Kidney Diseases, Cystic/etiology
- Kidney Diseases, Cystic/metabolism
- Kidney Diseases, Cystic/pathology
- Kidney Neoplasms/etiology
- Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/metabolism
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/etiology
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Regeneration/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplasms/etiology
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Nitrobenzoates/pharmacology
- Tyrosinemias/complications
- Tyrosinemias/genetics
- Tyrosinemias/metabolism
- Tyrosinemias/pathology
- Tyrosinemias/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Willenbring
- Institute for Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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50
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Abstract
Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MGS) is a rare disorder characterized by occipital encephalocele, polydactyly and polycystic kidney. Early diagnosis is very important because MGS has a high risk of recurrence and infants with MGS are frequently stillborn or die soon after birth. An autopsy case of MGS is presented and the focus is specifically on the myofibroblastic cells of the liver and polycystic kidney. Although routine histological examination did not reveal hepatic fibrosis, a specific distribution of alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA)-positive and h-caldesmon (h-CD)-negative stromal cells (myofibroblastic cells) was observed along the limiting plate of the portal area. Furthermore, myofibroblastic cells were focally distributed along the sinusoidal wall and around the bile ducts in the portal area. In the polycystic kidney, the presence of myofibroblastic cells in the stroma between the cystic lesions was also confirmed by electron microscopy. In conclusion, myofibroblastic cells were distributed in the liver and kidney of a patient with MGS and their specific distribution in the liver may be indicative of prestage hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Kuroda
- Department of Pathology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan.
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