1
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Elgrably-Weiss M, Hussain F, Georg J, Shraiteh B, Altuvia S. Balanced cell division is secured by two different regulatory sites in OxyS RNA. RNA 2024; 30:124-135. [PMID: 38071477 PMCID: PMC10798246 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079836.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The hydrogen peroxide-induced small RNA OxyS has been proposed to originate from the 3' UTR of a peroxide mRNA. Unexpectedly, phylogenetic OxyS targetome predictions indicate that most OxyS targets belong to the category of "cell cycle," including cell division and cell elongation. Previously, we reported that Escherichia coli OxyS inhibits cell division by repressing expression of the essential transcription termination factor nusG, thereby leading to the expression of the KilR protein, which interferes with the function of the major cell division protein, FtsZ. By interfering with cell division, OxyS brings about cell-cycle arrest, thus allowing DNA damage repair. Cell division and cell elongation are opposing functions to the extent that inhibition of cell division requires a parallel inhibition of cell elongation for the cells to survive. In this study, we report that in addition to cell division, OxyS inhibits mepS, which encodes an essential peptidoglycan endopeptidase that is responsible for cell elongation. Our study indicates that cell-cycle arrest and balancing between cell division and cell elongation are important and conserved functions of the oxidative stress-induced sRNA OxyS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Elgrably-Weiss
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Fayyaz Hussain
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics and Experimental Bioinformatics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jens Georg
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics and Experimental Bioinformatics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bushra Shraiteh
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shoshy Altuvia
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
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2
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Wiegard JC, Damm K, Lechner M, Thölken C, Ngo S, Putzer H, Hartmann RK. Processing and decay of 6S-1 and 6S-2 RNAs in Bacillus subtilis. RNA 2023; 29:1481-1499. [PMID: 37369528 PMCID: PMC10578484 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079666.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Noncoding 6S RNAs regulate transcription by binding to the active site of bacterial RNA polymerase holoenzymes. Processing and decay of 6S-1 and 6S-2 RNA were investigated in Bacillus subtilis by northern blot and RNA-seq analyses using different RNase knockout strains, as well as by in vitro processing assays. For both 6S RNA paralogs, we identified a key-but mechanistically different-role of RNase J1. RNase J1 catalyzes 5'-end maturation of 6S-1 RNA, yet relatively inefficient and possibly via the enzyme's "sliding endonuclease" activity. 5'-end maturation has no detectable effect on 6S-1 RNA function, but rather regulates its decay: The generated 5'-monophosphate on matured 6S-1 RNA propels endonucleolytic cleavage in its apical loop region. The major 6S-2 RNA degradation pathway is initiated by endonucleolytic cleavage in the 5'-central bubble to trigger 5'-to-3'-exoribonucleolytic degradation of the downstream fragment by RNase J1. The four 3'-exonucleases of B. subtilis-RNase R, PNPase, YhaM, and particularly RNase PH-are involved in 3'-end trimming of both 6S RNAs, degradation of 6S-1 RNA fragments, and decay of abortive transcripts (so-called product RNAs, ∼14 nt in length) synthesized on 6S-1 RNA during outgrowth from stationary phase. In the case of the growth-retarded RNase Y deletion strain, we were unable to infer a specific role of RNase Y in 6S RNA decay. Yet, a participation of RNase Y in 6S RNA decay still remains possible, as evidence for such a function may have been obscured by overlapping substrate specificities of RNase Y, RNase J1, and RNase J2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Christin Wiegard
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, D-35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Damm
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, D-35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Lechner
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Bioinformatics Core Facility, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Thölken
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Bioinformatics Core Facility, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Saravuth Ngo
- Expression Génétique Microbienne, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Harald Putzer
- Expression Génétique Microbienne, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Roland K Hartmann
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, D-35037 Marburg, Germany
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3
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Laing CR, Omel’chenko OE. Periodic solutions in next generation neural field models. Biol Cybern 2023; 117:259-274. [PMID: 37535104 PMCID: PMC10600056 DOI: 10.1007/s00422-023-00969-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
We consider a next generation neural field model which describes the dynamics of a network of theta neurons on a ring. For some parameters the network supports stable time-periodic solutions. Using the fact that the dynamics at each spatial location are described by a complex-valued Riccati equation we derive a self-consistency equation that such periodic solutions must satisfy. We determine the stability of these solutions, and present numerical results to illustrate the usefulness of this technique. The generality of this approach is demonstrated through its application to several other systems involving delays, two-population architecture and networks of Winfree oscillators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo R. Laing
- School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 102-904 NSMC, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Oleh E. Omel’chenko
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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4
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Sproul JS, Hotaling S, Heckenhauer J, Powell A, Marshall D, Larracuente AM, Kelley JL, Pauls SU, Frandsen PB. Analyses of 600+ insect genomes reveal repetitive element dynamics and highlight biodiversity-scale repeat annotation challenges. Genome Res 2023; 33:1708-1717. [PMID: 37739812 PMCID: PMC10691545 DOI: 10.1101/gr.277387.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive elements (REs) are integral to the composition, structure, and function of eukaryotic genomes, yet remain understudied in most taxonomic groups. We investigated REs across 601 insect species and report wide variation in RE dynamics across groups. Analysis of associations between REs and protein-coding genes revealed dynamic evolution at the interface between REs and coding regions across insects, including notably elevated RE-gene associations in lineages with abundant long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs). We leveraged this large, empirical data set to quantify impacts of long-read technology on RE detection and investigate fundamental challenges to RE annotation in diverse groups. In long-read assemblies, we detected ∼36% more REs than short-read assemblies, with long terminal repeats (LTRs) showing 162% increased detection, whereas DNA transposons and LINEs showed less respective technology-related bias. In most insect lineages, 25%-85% of repetitive sequences were "unclassified" following automated annotation, compared with only ∼13% in Drosophila species. Although the diversity of available insect genomes has rapidly expanded, we show the rate of community contributions to RE databases has not kept pace, preventing efficient annotation and high-resolution study of REs in most groups. We highlight the tremendous opportunity and need for the biodiversity genomics field to embrace REs and suggest collective steps for making progress toward this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Sproul
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA;
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Scott Hotaling
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, USA
- Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA
| | - Jacqueline Heckenhauer
- LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ashlyn Powell
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Dez Marshall
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, USA
| | | | - Joanna L Kelley
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - Steffen U Pauls
- LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Paul B Frandsen
- LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
- Data Science Lab, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia 20560, USA
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5
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Grandchamp A, Kühl L, Lebherz M, Brüggemann K, Parsch J, Bornberg-Bauer E. Population genomics reveals mechanisms and dynamics of de novo expressed open reading frame emergence in Drosophila melanogaster. Genome Res 2023; 33:872-890. [PMID: 37442576 PMCID: PMC10519401 DOI: 10.1101/gr.277482.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Novel genes are essential for evolutionary innovations and differ substantially even between closely related species. Recently, multiple studies across many taxa showed that some novel genes arise de novo, that is, from previously noncoding DNA. To characterize the underlying mutations that allowed de novo gene emergence and their order of occurrence, homologous regions must be detected within noncoding sequences in closely related sister genomes. So far, most studies do not detect noncoding homologs of de novo genes because of incomplete assemblies and annotations, and long evolutionary distances separating genomes. Here, we overcome these issues by searching for de novo expressed open reading frames (neORFs), the not-yet fixed precursors of de novo genes that emerged within a single species. We sequenced and assembled genomes with long-read technology and the corresponding transcriptomes from inbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster, derived from seven geographically diverse populations. We found line-specific neORFs in abundance but few neORFs shared by lines, suggesting a rapid turnover. Gain and loss of transcription is more frequent than the creation of ORFs, for example, by forming new start and stop codons. Consequently, the gain of ORFs becomes rate limiting and is frequently the initial step in neORFs emergence. Furthermore, transposable elements (TEs) are major drivers for intragenomic duplications of neORFs, yet TE insertions are less important for the emergence of neORFs. However, highly mutable genomic regions around TEs provide new features that enable gene birth. In conclusion, neORFs have a high birth-death rate, are rapidly purged, but surviving neORFs spread neutrally through populations and within genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grandchamp
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Lucas Kühl
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marie Lebherz
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kathrin Brüggemann
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - John Parsch
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Munich, Germany
| | - Erich Bornberg-Bauer
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Department of Protein Evolution, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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6
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Guthmann M, Qian C, Gialdini I, Nakatani T, Ettinger A, Schauer T, Kukhtevich I, Schneider R, Lamb DC, Burton A, Torres-Padilla ME. A change in biophysical properties accompanies heterochromatin formation in mouse embryos. Genes Dev 2023; 37:336-350. [PMID: 37072228 PMCID: PMC10153458 DOI: 10.1101/gad.350353.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The majority of our genome is composed of repeated DNA sequences that assemble into heterochromatin, a highly compacted structure that constrains their mutational potential. How heterochromatin forms during development and how its structure is maintained are not fully understood. Here, we show that mouse heterochromatin phase-separates after fertilization, during the earliest stages of mammalian embryogenesis. Using high-resolution quantitative imaging and molecular biology approaches, we show that pericentromeric heterochromatin displays properties consistent with a liquid-like state at the two-cell stage, which change at the four-cell stage, when chromocenters mature and heterochromatin becomes silent. Disrupting the condensates results in altered transcript levels of pericentromeric heterochromatin, suggesting a functional role for phase separation in heterochromatin function. Thus, our work shows that mouse heterochromatin forms membrane-less compartments with biophysical properties that change during development and provides new insights into the self-organization of chromatin domains during mammalian embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Guthmann
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Chen Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Irene Gialdini
- Department of Chemistry, Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Tsunetoshi Nakatani
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Andreas Ettinger
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Tamas Schauer
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Igor Kukhtevich
- Institute of Functional Epigenetics (IFE), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Robert Schneider
- Institute of Functional Epigenetics (IFE), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Don C Lamb
- Department of Chemistry, Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Adam Burton
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Maria-Elena Torres-Padilla
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-81377 München, Germany;
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, 82152 Planegg, Germany
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7
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Wittmann BC, Şatırer Y. Decreased associative processing and memory confidence in aphantasia. Learn Mem 2022; 29:412-420. [PMID: 36253008 PMCID: PMC9578376 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053610.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Visual imagery and mental reconstruction of scenes are considered core components of episodic memory retrieval. Individuals with absent visual imagery (aphantasia) score lower on tests of autobiographical memory, suggesting that aphantasia may be associated with differences in episodic and associative processing. In this online study, we tested aphantasic participants and controls on associative recognition and memory confidence for three types of associations encoded incidentally: associations between visual-visual and audio-visual stimulus pairs, associations between an object and its location on the screen, and intraitem associations. Aphantasic participants had a lower rate of high-confidence hits in all associative memory tests compared with controls. Performance on auditory-visual associations was correlated with individual differences in a measure of object imagery in the aphantasic group but not in controls. No overall group difference in memory performance was found, indicating that visual imagery selectively contributes to memory confidence. Analysis of the encoding task revealed that aphantasics made fewer associative links between the stimuli, suggesting a role for visual imagery in associative processing of visual and auditory input. These data enhance our understanding of visual imagery contributions to associative memory and further characterize the cognitive profile of aphantasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca C Wittmann
- Department of Psychology, Justus Liebig University, 35394 Giessen, Germany
| | - Yılmaz Şatırer
- Department of Psychology, Justus Liebig University, 35394 Giessen, Germany
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8
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Was N, Sauer M, Fischer U, Becker M. lncRNA Malat1 and miR-26 cooperate in the regulation of neuronal progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. RNA 2022; 29:rna.079436.122. [PMID: 36302652 PMCID: PMC9808573 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079436.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis is a finely tuned process, which depends on the balanced execution of expression programs that regulate cellular differentiation and proliferation. Different molecular players ranging from transcription factors to chromatin modulators control these programs. Adding to the complexity, also non-coding (nc)RNAs take part in this process. Here we analyzed the function of the long non-coding (lnc)RNA Malat1 during neural embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation. We find that deletion of Malat1 leads to inhibition of proliferation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Interestingly, this co-insides with an increase in the expression of miR-26 family members miR-26a and miR-26b in differentiating ESCs. Inactivation of miR-26a/b rescues the proliferative phenotype of Malat1 knockout (KO) cells and leads to accelerated neuronal differentiation of compound Malat1KO/mir-26KO ESCs. Together our work identifies a so far unknown interaction between Malat1 and miR-26 in the regulation of NPC proliferation and neuronal differentiation.
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9
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Kuschmierz L, Meyer M, Bräsen C, Wingender J, Schmitz OJ, Siebers B. Exopolysaccharide composition and size in Sulfolobus acidocaldarius biofilms. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:982745. [PMID: 36225367 PMCID: PMC9549778 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.982745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) comprise mainly carbohydrates, proteins and extracellular DNA (eDNA) in biofilms formed by the thermoacidophilic Crenarchaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. However, detailed information on the carbohydrates in the S. acidocaldarius biofilm EPS, i.e., the exopolysaccharides (PS), in terms of identity, composition and size were missing. In this study, a set of methods was developed and applied to study the PS in S. acidocaldarius biofilms. It was initially shown that addition of sugars, most significantly of glucose, to the basal N-Z-amine-based growth medium enhanced biofilm formation. For the generation of sufficient amounts of biomass suitable for chemical analyses, biofilm growth was established and optimized on the surface of membrane filters. EPS were isolated and the contents of carbohydrates, proteins and eDNA were determined. PS purification was achieved by enzymatic digestion of other EPS components (nucleic acids and proteins). After trifluoroacetic acid-mediated hydrolysis of the PS fraction, the monosaccharide composition was analyzed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). Main sugar constituents detected were mannose, glucose and ribose, as well as minor proportions of rhamnose, N-acetylglucosamine, glucosamine and galactosamine. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) revealed the presence of one single PS fraction with a molecular mass of 4-9 × 104 Da. This study provides detailed information on the PS composition and size of S. acidocaldarius MW001 biofilms and methodological tools for future studies on PS biosynthesis and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kuschmierz
- Molecular Enzyme Technology and Biochemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Meyer
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Teaching and Research Center for Separation, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christopher Bräsen
- Molecular Enzyme Technology and Biochemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jost Wingender
- Aquatic Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver J. Schmitz
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Teaching and Research Center for Separation, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Oliver J. Schmitz,
| | - Bettina Siebers
- Molecular Enzyme Technology and Biochemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Bettina Siebers,
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10
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Schubert DC, Mößeler A, Ahlfänger B, Langeheine M, Brehm R, Visscher C, Abd El-Wahab A, Kamphues J. Influences of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency on nutrient digestibility, growth parameters as well as anatomical and histological morphology of the intestine in a juvenile pig model. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:973589. [PMID: 36160141 PMCID: PMC9505903 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.973589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In a pig model, pancreatic duct ligation (PL) leads to a complete loss of exocrine function, causing an exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) without affecting endocrine function, allowing research of clinical effects and therapy options. This study aimed to investigate effects of experimentally induced EPI in juvenile pigs on digestion and intestinal morphology. Eight female juvenile cross-bred pigs (BW 54.8 kg at the start of the study) were included. Three animals were considered as a control (CON group), and in five animals the ductus pancreaticus accessorius was ligated (PL group). During the 10-week trial period, body weight and body measurements were recorded regularly. At the end of the trial, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) was investigated macroscopically and histologically and weight and digesta samples of individual segments were obtained. The pigs in the CON showed a significantly higher apparent total tract digestibility of crude protein and crude fat (87.8 and 79.9%, respectively) compared to PL (52.4 and 16.6%, respectively). Significant differences were noted in relative weights of duodenum, jejunum and colon (with and without digesta) and also in absolute weights of jejunum and colon. The mean number of nuclei in the transverse section in stratum circulare were significantly higher in all intestinal segments in CON compared to PL. Overall, EPI results in impaired nutrient digestibility with a greater filling of the GIT with digesta. The elongation of the small intestine does not represent "stretching" of the intestine, but rather increased synthesis of intestinal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Carina Schubert
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Anne Mößeler
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bianca Ahlfänger
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Marion Langeheine
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Ralph Brehm
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Christian Visscher
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Amr Abd El-Wahab
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
- Department of Nutrition and Nutritional Deficiency Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Josef Kamphues
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
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11
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Bishola Tshitenge T, Clayton C. The Trypanosoma brucei RNA-binding protein DRBD18 ensures correct mRNA trans splicing and polyadenylation patterns. RNA 2022; 28:1239-1262. [PMID: 35793904 PMCID: PMC9380746 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079258.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The parasite Trypanosoma brucei grows as bloodstream forms in mammals, and as procyclic forms in tsetse flies. Transcription is polycistronic, all mRNAs are trans spliced, and polyadenylation sites are defined by downstream splicing signals. Expression regulation therefore depends heavily on post-transcriptional mechanisms. The RNA-binding protein DRBD18 was previously implicated in the export of some mRNAs from the nucleus in procyclic forms. It copurifies the outer ring of the nuclear pore, mRNA export factors and exon-junction-complex proteins. We show that for more than 200 mRNAs, DRBD18 depletion caused preferential accumulation of versions with shortened 3'-untranslated regions, arising from use of polyadenylation sites that were either undetectable or rarely seen in nondepleted cells. The shortened mRNAs were often, but not always, more abundant in depleted cells than the corresponding longer versions in normal cells. Their appearance was linked to the appearance of trans-spliced, polyadenylated RNAs containing only downstream 3'-untranslated region-derived sequences. Experiments with one mRNA suggested that nuclear retention alone, through depletion of MEX67, did not affect mRNA length, suggesting a specific effect of DRBD18 on processing. DRBD18-bound mRNAs were enriched in polypyrimidine tract motifs, and DRBD18 was found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. We therefore suggest that in the nucleus, DRBD18 might bind to polypyrimidine tracts in 3'-UTRs of mRNA precursors. Such binding might both prevent recognition of mRNA-internal polypyrimidine tracts by splicing factors, and promote export of the processed bound mRNAs to the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Clayton
- Heidelberg University Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), D69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Avaro V, Hummel T, Calegari F. Scent of stem cells: How can neurogenesis make us smell better? Front Neurosci 2022; 16:964395. [PMID: 35992908 PMCID: PMC9381839 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.964395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the animal kingdom, olfaction underlies the ability to perceive chemicals in the environment as a fundamental adaptation with a plethora of functions. Unique among senses, olfaction is characterized by the integration of adult born neurons at the level of both the peripheral and central nervous systems. In fact, over the course of life, Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) reside within the peripheral Olfactory Epithelium (OE) and the brain’s subventricular zone that generate Olfactory Sensory Neurons (OSNs) and interneurons of the Olfactory Bulb (OB), respectively. Despite this unique hallmark, the role(s) of adult neurogenesis in olfactory function remains elusive. Notably, while the molecular signature and lineage of both peripheral and central NSC are being described with increasing detail and resolution, conflicting evidence about the role of adult born neurons in olfactory sensitivity, discrimination and memory remains. With a currently increasing prevalence in olfactory dysfunctions due to aging populations and infections such as COVID-19, these limited and partly controversial reports highlight the need of a better understanding and more systematic study of this fascinating sensory system. Specifically, here we will address three fundamental questions: What is the role of peripheral adult neurogenesis in sustaining olfactory sensitivity? How can newborn neurons in the brain promote olfactory discrimination and/or memory? And what can we learn from fundamental studies on the biology of olfaction that can be used in the clinical treatment of olfactory dysfunctions?
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Avaro
- Centre for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Federico Calegari
- Centre for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- *Correspondence: Federico Calegari,
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Pachowsky ML, Morf H, Simon D, Schönau V, Valor-Mendez L, Knitza J, Fagni F, Engel K, Uder M, Hueber A, Schmidkonz C, Schett G, Kleyer A. Cinematic rendering in rheumatic diseases—Photorealistic depiction of pathologies improves disease understanding for patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:946106. [PMID: 35991672 PMCID: PMC9387553 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.946106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPatient education is crucial for successful chronic disease management. Current education material for rheumatic patients however rarely includes images of disease pathologies, limiting patients’ disease understanding. Cinematic rendering (CR) is a new tool that allows segmentation of standard medical images (DICOMs) into pictures that illustrate disease pathologies in a photorealistic way. Thus CR has the potential to simplify and improve the explanation of disease pathologies, disease activity and disease consequences and could therefore be a valuable tool to effectively educate and inform patients about their rheumatic and musculoskeletal disease (RMD).ObjectivesTo examine the feasibility of creating photorealistic images using CR from RMD patients depicting typical rheumatic disease pathologies and, in a second step to investigate the patient-perceived educational potential of these photorealistic images in clinical routine.MethodsWe selected conventional, high-resolution (HR) and positron emission tomography (PET) computed tomography (CT) images of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), and giant cell arteritis (GCA) that showed typical respective disease pathologies. These images were segmented using CR technique. In a prospective study, physicians used CR-enhanced and conventional original images to explain the depicted pathognomonic pathologies to patients with the respective rheumatic disease. Patients were then asked to complete a questionnaire evaluating the perceived usefulness of being presented with CR-enhanced images to better understand their underlying disease.ResultsCR images were successfully generated from above mentioned CT methods. Pathologies such as bone erosions, bony spurs, bone loss, ankylosis, and PET-based inflammation could be visualized in photorealistic detail. A total of 79 patients (61% females) with rheumatic diseases (RA 29%, PsA 29%, axSpA 24%, GCA 18%) were interviewed and answered the quantitative questionnaire. Mean age was 55.4 ± 12.6 years. Irrespective of disease, all patients agreed or highly agreed that CR-based images help to improve disease understanding, should be shown at disease onset, provide a rationale to regularly take medication and would like to have access to their own CR-enhanced images.ConclusionConventional disease images can successfully be turned into photorealistic disease depictions using CR. Patients perceived CR images as a valuable addition to current patient education, enabling personalized disease education and potentially increased medication adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena L. Pachowsky
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harriet Morf
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Simon
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Verena Schönau
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Larissa Valor-Mendez
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Knitza
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Filippo Fagni
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Michael Uder
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Axel Hueber
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Division of Rheumatology, Klinikum Nürnberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Christian Schmidkonz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Health, Technical University of Applied Sciences Amberg-Weiden, Weiden, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnd Kleyer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Arnd Kleyer,
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Gasterstädt I, Schröder M, Cronin L, Kusch J, Rennau LM, Mücher B, Herlitze S, Jack A, Wahle P. Chemogenetic Silencing of Differentiating Cortical Neurons Impairs Dendritic and Axonal Growth. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:941620. [PMID: 35910251 PMCID: PMC9336219 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.941620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical activity is considered a key driver for the neurochemical and morphological maturation of neurons and the formation of neuronal networks. Designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) are tools for controlling neuronal activity at the single cell level by triggering specific G protein signaling. Our objective was to investigate if prolonged silencing of differentiating cortical neurons can influence dendritic and axonal maturation. The DREADD hM4Di couples to Gi/o signaling and evokes hyperpolarization via GIRK channels. HM4Di was biolistically transfected into neurons in organotypic slice cultures of rat visual cortex, and activated by clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) dissolved in H2O; controls expressed hM4Di, but were mock-stimulated with H2O. Neurons were analyzed after treatment for two postnatal time periods, DIV 5-10 and 10-20. We found that CNO treatment delays the maturation of apical dendrites of L2/3 pyramidal cells. Further, the number of collaterals arising from the main axon was significantly lower, as was the number of bouton terminaux along pyramidal cell and basket cell axons. The dendritic maturation of L5/6 pyramidal cells and of multipolar interneurons (basket cells and bitufted cells) was not altered by CNO treatment. Returning CNO-treated cultures to CNO-free medium for 7 days was sufficient to recover dendritic and axonal complexity. Our findings add to the view that activity is a key driver in particular of postnatal L2/3 pyramidal cell maturation. Our results further suggest that inhibitory G protein signaling may represent a factor balancing the strong driving force of neurotrophic factors, electrical activity and calcium signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Gasterstädt
- Developmental Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Max Schröder
- Developmental Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lukas Cronin
- Developmental Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Julian Kusch
- Developmental Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lisa-Marie Rennau
- Developmental Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Brix Mücher
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefan Herlitze
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alexander Jack
- Developmental Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Petra Wahle
- Developmental Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- *Correspondence: Petra Wahle,
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15
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Much C, Smallegan MJ, Hwang T, Hanson SD, Dumbović G, Rinn JL. Evolutionary divergence of Firre localization and expression. RNA 2022; 28:842-853. [PMID: 35304421 PMCID: PMC9074896 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079070.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are rapidly evolving and thus typically poorly conserved in their sequences. How these sequence differences affect the characteristics and potential functions of lncRNAs with shared synteny remains unclear. Here we show that the syntenically conserved lncRNA Firre displays distinct expression and localization patterns in human and mouse. Single molecule RNA FISH reveals that in a range of cell lines, mouse Firre (mFirre) is predominantly nuclear, while human FIRRE (hFIRRE) is distributed between the cytoplasm and nucleus. This localization pattern is maintained in human/mouse hybrid cells expressing both human and mouse Firre, implying that the localization of the lncRNA is species autonomous. We find that the majority of hFIRRE transcripts in the cytoplasm are comprised of isoforms that are enriched in RRD repeats. We furthermore determine that in various tissues, mFirre is more highly expressed than its human counterpart. Our data illustrate that the rapid evolution of syntenic lncRNAs can lead to variations in lncRNA localization and abundance, which in turn may result in disparate lncRNA functions even in closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Much
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
| | - Michael J Smallegan
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80302, USA
| | - Taeyoung Hwang
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
| | - Skylar D Hanson
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
| | - Gabrijela Dumbović
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - John L Rinn
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80302, USA
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16
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Heckmann M, Pauli M. Visualizing Presynaptic Active Zones and Synaptic Vesicles. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:901341. [PMID: 35663371 PMCID: PMC9159495 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.901341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The presynaptic active zone (AZ) of chemical synapses is a highly dynamic compartment where synaptic vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release take place. During evolution the AZ was optimized for speed, accuracy, and reliability of chemical synaptic transmission in combination with miniaturization and plasticity. Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) offers nanometer spatial resolution as well as information about copy number, localization, and orientation of proteins of interest in AZs. This type of imaging allows quantifications of activity dependent AZ reorganizations, e.g., in the context of presynaptic homeostatic potentiation. In combination with high-pressure freezing and optogenetic or electrical stimulation AZs can be imaged with millisecond temporal resolution during synaptic activity. Therefore SMLM allows the determination of key parameters in the complex spatial environment of AZs, necessary for next generation simulations of chemical synapses with realistic protein arrangements.
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17
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Fraszczyk E, Spijkerman AMW, Zhang Y, Brandmaier S, Day FR, Zhou L, Wackers P, Dollé MET, Bloks VW, Gào X, Gieger C, Kooner J, Kriebel J, Picavet HSJ, Rathmann W, Schöttker B, Loh M, Verschuren WMM, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, Wareham NJ, Chambers JC, Ong KK, Grallert H, Brenner H, Luijten M, Snieder H. Epigenome-wide association study of incident type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of five prospective European cohorts. Diabetologia 2022; 65:763-776. [PMID: 35169870 PMCID: PMC8960572 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05652-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Type 2 diabetes is a complex metabolic disease with increasing prevalence worldwide. Improving the prediction of incident type 2 diabetes using epigenetic markers could help tailor prevention efforts to those at the highest risk. The aim of this study was to identify predictive methylation markers for incident type 2 diabetes by combining epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) results from five prospective European cohorts. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of EWASs in blood collected 7-10 years prior to type 2 diabetes diagnosis. DNA methylation was measured with Illumina Infinium Methylation arrays. A total of 1250 cases and 1950 controls from five longitudinal cohorts were included: Doetinchem, ESTHER, KORA1, KORA2 and EPIC-Norfolk. Associations between DNA methylation and incident type 2 diabetes were examined using robust linear regression with adjustment for potential confounders. Inverse-variance fixed-effects meta-analysis of cohort-level individual CpG EWAS estimates was performed using METAL. The methylGSA R package was used for gene set enrichment analysis. Confirmation of genome-wide significant CpG sites was performed in a cohort of Indian Asians (LOLIPOP, UK). RESULTS The meta-analysis identified 76 CpG sites that were differentially methylated in individuals with incident type 2 diabetes compared with control individuals (p values <1.1 × 10-7). Sixty-four out of 76 (84.2%) CpG sites were confirmed by directionally consistent effects and p values <0.05 in an independent cohort of Indian Asians. However, on adjustment for baseline BMI only four CpG sites remained genome-wide significant, and addition of the 76 CpG methylation risk score to a prediction model including established predictors of type 2 diabetes (age, sex, BMI and HbA1c) showed no improvement (AUC 0.757 vs 0.753). Gene set enrichment analysis of the full epigenome-wide results clearly showed enrichment of processes linked to insulin signalling, lipid homeostasis and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION By combining results from five European cohorts, and thus significantly increasing study sample size, we identified 76 CpG sites associated with incident type 2 diabetes. Replication of 64 CpGs in an independent cohort of Indian Asians suggests that the association between DNA methylation levels and incident type 2 diabetes is robust and independent of ethnicity. Our data also indicate that BMI partly explains the association between DNA methylation and incident type 2 diabetes. Further studies are required to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms and to determine potential causal roles of the differentially methylated CpG sites in type 2 diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Fraszczyk
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Annemieke M W Spijkerman
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Yan Zhang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Brandmaier
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Felix R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Li Zhou
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul Wackers
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn E T Dollé
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent W Bloks
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xīn Gào
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jaspal Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, Ealing, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Kriebel
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - H Susan J Picavet
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Auf'm Hennekamp, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marie Loh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - W M Monique Verschuren
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jana V van Vliet-Ostaptchouk
- Genomics Coordination Center, Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - John C Chambers
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirjam Luijten
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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18
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Ender A, Grafl N, Kolberg T, Findeiß S, Stadler PF, Mörl M. Synthetic riboswitches for the analysis of tRNA processing by eukaryotic RNase P enzymes. RNA 2022; 28:551-567. [PMID: 35022261 PMCID: PMC8925977 DOI: 10.1261/rna.078814.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Removal of the 5'-leader region is an essential step in the maturation of tRNA molecules in all domains of life. This reaction is catalyzed by various RNase P activities, ranging from ribonucleoproteins with ribozyme activity to protein-only forms. In Escherichia coli, the efficiency of RNase P-mediated cleavage can be controlled by computationally designed riboswitch elements in a ligand-dependent way, where the 5'-leader sequence of a tRNA precursor is either sequestered in a hairpin structure or presented as a single-stranded region accessible for maturation. In the presented work, the regulatory potential of such artificial constructs is tested on different forms of eukaryotic RNase P enzymes-two protein-only RNase P enzymes (PRORP1 and PRORP2) from Arabidopsis thaliana and the ribonucleoprotein of Homo sapiens The PRORP enzymes were analyzed in vitro as well as in vivo in a bacterial RNase P complementation system. We also tested in HEK293T cells whether the riboswitches remain functional with human nuclear RNase P. While the regulatory principle of the synthetic riboswitches applies for all tested RNase P enzymes, the results also show differences in the substrate requirements of the individual enzyme versions. Hence, such designed RNase P riboswitches represent a novel tool to investigate the impact of the structural composition of the 5'-leader on substrate recognition by different types of RNase P enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ender
- Institute for Biochemistry, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nadine Grafl
- Institute for Biochemistry, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tim Kolberg
- Institute for Biochemistry, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven Findeiß
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter F Stadler
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Science, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501, USA
| | - Mario Mörl
- Institute for Biochemistry, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Dankovich TM, Rizzoli SO. Extracellular Matrix Recycling as a Novel Plasticity Mechanism With a Potential Role in Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:854897. [PMID: 35431813 PMCID: PMC9008140 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.854897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) stabilizes neural circuits and synapses in the healthy brain, while also retaining the ability to be remodeled, to allow synapses to be plastic. A well-described mechanism for ECM remodeling is through the regulated secretion of proteolytic enzymes at the synapse, together with the synthesis of new ECM molecules. The importance of this process is evidenced by the large number of brain disorders that are associated with a dysregulation of ECM-cleaving protease activity. While most of the brain ECM molecules are indeed stable for remarkable time periods, evidence in other cell types, as cancer cells, suggests that at least a proportion of the ECM molecules may be endocytosed regularly, and could even be recycled back to the ECM. In this review, we discuss the involvement of such a mechanism in the brain, under physiological activity conditions and in relation to synapse and brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal M. Dankovich
- Institute of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Neurosciences, Göttingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tal M. Dankovich,
| | - Silvio O. Rizzoli
- Institute of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN) Center & Multiscale Bioimaging Excellence Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Silvio O. Rizzoli,
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Acuña Hidalgo B, Armitage SAO. Host Resistance to Bacterial Infection Varies Over Time, but Is Not Affected by a Previous Exposure to the Same Pathogen. Front Physiol 2022; 13:860875. [PMID: 35388288 PMCID: PMC8979062 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.860875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune priming describes the phenomenon whereby after a primary pathogen exposure, a host more effectively fights a lethal secondary exposure (challenge) to the same pathogen. Conflicting evidence exists for immune priming in invertebrates, potentially due to heterogeneity across studies in the pathogen species tested, the antigen preparation for the primary exposure, and the phenotypic trait used to test for priming. To explore these factors, we injected Drosophila melanogaster with one of two bacterial species, Lactococcus lactis or Providencia burhodogranariea, which had either been heat-killed or inactivated with formaldehyde, or we injected a 1:1 mixture of the two inactivation methods. Survival and resistance (the inverse of bacterial load) were assessed after a live bacterial challenge. In contrast to our predictions, none of the primary exposure treatments provided a survival benefit after challenge compared to the controls. Resistance in the acute phase, i.e., 1 day post-challenge, separated into a lower- and higher-load group, however, neither group varied according to the primary exposure. In the chronic phase, i.e., 7 days post-challenge, resistance did not separate into two groups, and it was also unaffected by the primary exposure. Our multi-angled study supports the view that immune priming may require specific circumstances to occur, rather than it being a ubiquitous aspect of insect immunity.
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Rinott E, Meir AY, Tsaban G, Zelicha H, Kaplan A, Knights D, Tuohy K, Scholz MU, Koren O, Stampfer MJ, Wang DD, Shai I, Youngster I. The effects of the Green-Mediterranean diet on cardiometabolic health are linked to gut microbiome modifications: a randomized controlled trial. Genome Med 2022; 14:29. [PMID: 35264213 PMCID: PMC8908597 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have linked the Mediterranean diet (MED) with improved cardiometabolic health, showing preliminary evidence for a mediating role of the gut microbiome. We recently suggested the Green-Mediterranean (Green-MED) diet as an improved version of the healthy MED diet, with increased consumption of plant-based foods and reduced meat intake. Here, we investigated the effects of MED interventions on the gut microbiota and cardiometabolic markers, and the interplay between the two, during the initial weight loss phase of the DIRECT-PLUS trial. METHODS In the DIRECT-PLUS study, 294 participants with abdominal obesity/dyslipidemia were prospectively randomized to one of three intervention groups: healthy dietary guidelines (standard science-based nutritional counseling), MED, and Green-MED. Both isocaloric MED and Green-MED groups were supplemented with 28g/day walnuts. The Green-MED group was further provided with daily polyphenol-rich green tea and Mankai aquatic plant (new plant introduced to a western population). Gut microbiota was profiled by 16S rRNA for all stool samples and shotgun sequencing for a select subset of samples. RESULTS Both MED diets induced substantial changes in the community structure of the gut microbiome, with the Green-MED diet leading to more prominent compositional changes, largely driven by the low abundant, "non-core," microorganisms. The Green-MED diet was associated with specific microbial changes, including enrichments in the genus Prevotella and enzymatic functions involved in branched-chain amino acid degradation, and reductions in the genus Bifidobacterium and enzymatic functions responsible for branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis. The MED and Green-MED diets were also associated with stepwise beneficial changes in body weight and cardiometabolic biomarkers, concomitantly with the increased plant intake and reduced meat intake. Furthermore, while the level of adherence to the Green-MED diet and its specific green dietary components was associated with the magnitude of changes in microbiome composition, changes in gut microbial features appeared to mediate the association between adherence to the Green-MED and body weight and cardiometabolic risk reduction. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support a mediating role of the gut microbiome in the beneficial effects of the Green-MED diet enriched with Mankai and green tea on cardiometabolic risk factors. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered on ClinicalTrial.gov ( NCT03020186 ) on January 13, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehud Rinott
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Anat Yaskolka Meir
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Gal Tsaban
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Hila Zelicha
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alon Kaplan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Dan Knights
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Kieran Tuohy
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38016, Trento, Italy
- University of Leeds, School of Food Science and Nutrition, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Matthias Uwe Scholz
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38016, Trento, Italy
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Dong D Wang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iris Shai
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Ilan Youngster
- Pediatric Division and Center for Microbiome Research, Shamir Medical Center, Be'er Ya'akov, Israel.
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit and the Center for Microbiome Research, Shamir Medical Center, 70300, Zerifin, Israel.
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22
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Haase K, Musielak I, Warmuth-Moles L, Leberecht B, Zolotareva A, Mouritsen H, Heyers D. In Search for the Avian Trigeminal Magnetic Sensor: Distribution of Peripheral and Central Terminals of Ophthalmic Sensory Neurons in the Night-Migratory Eurasian Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla). Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:853401. [PMID: 35321391 PMCID: PMC8936129 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.853401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In night-migratory songbirds, neurobiological and behavioral evidence suggest the existence of a magnetic sense associated with the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (V1), possibly providing magnetic positional information. Curiously, neither the unequivocal existence, structural nature, nor the exact location of any sensory structure has been revealed to date. Here, we used neuronal tract tracing to map both the innervation fields in the upper beak and the detailed trigeminal brainstem terminations of the medial and lateral V1 subbranches in the night-migratory Eurasian Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla). The medial V1 subbranch takes its course along the ventral part of the upper beak to innervate subepidermal layers and the mucosa of the nasal cavity, whereas the lateral V1 subbranch runs along dorsolateral levels until the nostrils to innervate mainly the skin of the upper beak. In the trigeminal brainstem, medial V1 terminals innervate both the dorsal part and the ventral, magnetically activated part of the principal sensory trigeminal brainstem nuclei (PrV). In contrast, the lateral V1 subbranch innervates only a small part of the ventral PrV. The spinal sensory trigeminal brainstem nuclei (SpV) receive topographically ordered projections. The medial V1 subbranch mainly innervates rostral and medial parts of SpV, whereas the lateral V1 subbranch mainly innervates the lateral and caudal parts of SpV. The present findings could provide valuable information for further analysis of the trigeminal magnetic sense of birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Haase
- AG Neurosensorik, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Isabelle Musielak
- AG Neurosensorik, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Leonie Warmuth-Moles
- AG Neurosensorik, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Bo Leberecht
- AG Neurosensorik, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Anna Zolotareva
- Biological Station Rybachy, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Henrik Mouritsen
- AG Neurosensorik, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Heyers
- AG Neurosensorik, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Dominik Heyers,
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Grünberger F, Ferreira-Cerca S, Grohmann D. Nanopore sequencing of RNA and cDNA molecules in Escherichia coli. RNA 2022; 28:400-417. [PMID: 34906997 PMCID: PMC8848933 DOI: 10.1261/rna.078937.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing dramatically changed our view of transcriptome architectures and allowed for ground-breaking discoveries in RNA biology. Recently, sequencing of full-length transcripts based on the single-molecule sequencing platform from Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) was introduced and is widely used to sequence eukaryotic and viral RNAs. However, experimental approaches implementing this technique for prokaryotic transcriptomes remain scarce. Here, we present an experimental and bioinformatic workflow for ONT RNA-seq in the bacterial model organism Escherichia coli, which can be applied to any microorganism. Our study highlights critical steps of library preparation and computational analysis and compares the results to gold standards in the field. Furthermore, we comprehensively evaluate the applicability and advantages of different ONT-based RNA sequencing protocols, including direct RNA, direct cDNA, and PCR-cDNA. We find that (PCR)-cDNA-seq offers improved yield and accuracy compared to direct RNA sequencing. Notably, (PCR)-cDNA-seq is suitable for quantitative measurements and can be readily used for simultaneous and accurate detection of transcript 5' and 3' boundaries, analysis of transcriptional units, and transcriptional heterogeneity. In summary, based on our comprehensive study, we show nanopore RNA-seq to be a ready-to-use tool allowing rapid, cost-effective, and accurate annotation of multiple transcriptomic features. Thereby nanopore RNA-seq holds the potential to become a valuable alternative method for RNA analysis in prokaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Grünberger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Archaea Centre, Single-Molecule Biochemistry Lab and Biochemistry Centre Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sébastien Ferreira-Cerca
- Regensburg Center of Biochemistry (RCB), University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Regensburg Center for Biochemistry, Biochemistry III, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dina Grohmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Archaea Centre, Single-Molecule Biochemistry Lab and Biochemistry Centre Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Regensburg Center of Biochemistry (RCB), University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Abstract
Processing in primary sensory areas is influenced by centrifugal inputs from higher brain areas, providing information about behavioral state, attention, or context. Activity in the olfactory bulb (OB), the first central processing stage of olfactory information, is dynamically modulated by direct projections from a variety of areas in adult mice. Despite the early onset of olfactory sensation compared to other senses, the development of centrifugal inputs to the OB remains largely unknown. Using retrograde tracing across development, we show that centrifugal projections to the OB are established during the postnatal period in an area-specific manner. While feedback projections from the piriform cortex (PIR) are already present shortly after birth, they strongly increase in number during postnatal development with an anterior-posterior gradient. Contralateral projections from the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON) are present at birth but only appeared postnatally for the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract (nLOT). Numbers of OB projecting neurons from the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC), ventral hippocampus, and cortical amygdala (CoA) show a sudden increase at the beginning of the second postnatal week and a delayed development compared to more anterior areas. These anatomical data suggest that limited top-down influence on odor processing in the OB may be present at birth, but strongly increases during postnatal development and is only fully established later in life.
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25
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Hudecova I, Smith CG, Hänsel-Hertsch R, Chilamakuri CS, Morris JA, Vijayaraghavan A, Heider K, Chandrananda D, Cooper WN, Gale D, Garcia-Corbacho J, Pacey S, Baird RD, Rosenfeld N, Mouliere F. Characteristics, origin, and potential for cancer diagnostics of ultrashort plasma cell-free DNA. Genome Res 2022; 32:215-227. [PMID: 34930798 PMCID: PMC8805718 DOI: 10.1101/gr.275691.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Current evidence suggests that plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is fragmented around a mode of 166 bp. Data supporting this view has been mainly acquired through the analysis of double-stranded cfDNA. The characteristics and diagnostic potential of single-stranded and damaged double-stranded cfDNA in healthy individuals and cancer patients remain unclear. Here, through a combination of high-affinity magnetic bead-based DNA extraction and single-stranded DNA sequencing library preparation (MB-ssDNA), we report the discovery of a large proportion of cfDNA fragments centered at ∼50 bp. We show that these "ultrashort" cfDNA fragments have a greater relative abundance in plasma of healthy individuals (median = 19.1% of all sequenced cfDNA fragments, n = 28) than in plasma of patients with cancer (median = 14.2%, n = 21, P < 0.0001). The ultrashort cfDNA fragments map to accessible chromatin regions of blood cells, particularly in promoter regions with the potential to adopt G-quadruplex (G4) DNA secondary structures. G4-positive promoter chromatin accessibility is significantly enriched in ultrashort plasma cfDNA fragments from healthy individuals relative to patients with cancers (P < 0.0001), in whom G4-cfDNA enrichment is inversely associated with copy number aberration-inferred tumor fractions. Our findings redraw the landscape of cfDNA fragmentation by identifying and characterizing a novel population of ultrashort plasma cfDNA fragments. Sequencing of MB-ssDNA libraries could facilitate the characterization of gene regulatory regions and DNA secondary structures via liquid biopsy. Our data underline the diagnostic potential of ultrashort cfDNA through classification for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Hudecova
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher G Smith
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Hänsel-Hertsch
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne CMMC, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Chandra S Chilamakuri
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - James A Morris
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Aadhitthya Vijayaraghavan
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Katrin Heider
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Dineika Chandrananda
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy N Cooper
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Davina Gale
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Garcia-Corbacho
- Clinical Trials Unit, Clinic Institute of Hematological and Oncological Diseases, Hospital Clinic, 170 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simon Pacey
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard D Baird
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Nitzan Rosenfeld
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Florent Mouliere
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Breu MS, Schneider M, Klemt J, Cebi I, Gharabaghi A, Weiss D. People With Parkinson’s Disease and Freezing of Gait Show Abnormal Low Frequency Activity of Antagonistic Leg Muscles. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 15:733067. [PMID: 35153698 PMCID: PMC8825470 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.733067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Freezing of gait is detrimental to patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD). Its pathophysiology represents a multilevel failure of motor processing in the cortical, subcortical, and brainstem circuits, ultimately resulting in ineffective motor output of the spinal pattern generator. Electrophysiological studies pointed to abnormalities of oscillatory activity in freezers that covered a broad frequency range including the theta, alpha, and beta bands. We explored muscular frequency domain activity with respect to freezing, and used deep brain stimulation to modulate these rhythms thereby evaluating the supraspinal contributions to spinal motor neuron activity. Methods We analyzed 9 PD freezers and 16 healthy controls (HC). We studied the patients after overnight withdrawal of dopaminergic medication with stimulation off, stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBSonly) or the substantia nigra pars reticulate (SNr-DBSonly), respectively. Patients performed a walking paradigm passing a narrow obstacle. We analyzed the frequency-domain spectra of the tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius (GA) muscles in ‘regular gait’ and during the ‘freezing’ episodes. Results In stimulation off, PD freezers showed increased muscle activity of the alpha and low-beta band compared to HC in both TA and GA. This activity increase was present during straight walking and during the freezes to similar extent. STN- but not SNr-DBS decreased this activity and paralleled the clinical improvement of freezing. Conclusion We found increased muscle activation of the alpha and lower beta band in PD freezers compared to HC, and this was attenuated with STN-DBS. Future studies may use combined recordings of local field potentials, electroencephalography (EEG), and electromyography (EMG) to interrogate the supraspinal circuit mechanisms of the pathological activation pattern of the spinal pattern generator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Sophie Breu
- Centre of Neurology, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Maria-Sophie Breu,
| | - Marlieke Schneider
- Centre of Neurology, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Klemt
- Centre of Neurology, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Idil Cebi
- Centre of Neurology, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alireza Gharabaghi
- Centre for Neurosurgery, Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Weiss
- Centre of Neurology, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany
- Daniel Weiss,
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Piro I, Eckes AL, Kasaragod VB, Sommer C, Harvey RJ, Schaefer N, Villmann C. Novel Functional Properties of Missense Mutations in the Glycine Receptor β Subunit in Startle Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:745275. [PMID: 34630038 PMCID: PMC8498107 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.745275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Startle disease is a rare disorder associated with mutations in GLRA1 and GLRB, encoding glycine receptor (GlyR) α1 and β subunits, which enable fast synaptic inhibitory transmission in the spinal cord and brainstem. The GlyR β subunit is important for synaptic localization via interactions with gephyrin and contributes to agonist binding and ion channel conductance. Here, we have studied three GLRB missense mutations, Y252S, S321F, and A455P, identified in startle disease patients. For Y252S in M1 a disrupted stacking interaction with surrounding aromatic residues in M3 and M4 is suggested which is accompanied by an increased EC50 value. By contrast, S321F in M3 might stabilize stacking interactions with aromatic residues in M1 and M4. No significant differences in glycine potency or efficacy were observed for S321F. The A455P variant was not predicted to impact on subunit folding but surprisingly displayed increased maximal currents which were not accompanied by enhanced surface expression, suggesting that A455P is a gain-of-function mutation. All three GlyR β variants are trafficked effectively with the α1 subunit through intracellular compartments and inserted into the cellular membrane. In vivo, the GlyR β subunit is transported together with α1 and the scaffolding protein gephyrin to synaptic sites. The interaction of these proteins was studied using eGFP-gephyrin, forming cytosolic aggregates in non-neuronal cells. eGFP-gephyrin and β subunit co-expression resulted in the recruitment of both wild-type and mutant GlyR β subunits to gephyrin aggregates. However, a significantly lower number of GlyR β aggregates was observed for Y252S, while for mutants S321F and A455P, the area and the perimeter of GlyR β subunit aggregates was increased in comparison to wild-type β. Transfection of hippocampal neurons confirmed differences in GlyR-gephyrin clustering with Y252S and A455P, leading to a significant reduction in GlyR β-positive synapses. Although none of the mutations studied is directly located within the gephyrin-binding motif in the GlyR β M3-M4 loop, we suggest that structural changes within the GlyR β subunit result in differences in GlyR β-gephyrin interactions. Hence, we conclude that loss- or gain-of-function, or alterations in synaptic GlyR clustering may underlie disease pathology in startle disease patients carrying GLRB mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inken Piro
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Eckes
- Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vikram Babu Kasaragod
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Sommer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert J. Harvey
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
| | - Natascha Schaefer
- Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Villmann
- Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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28
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Belardinelli R, Sharma H, Peske F, Rodnina MV. Perturbation of ribosomal subunit dynamics by inhibitors of tRNA translocation. RNA 2021; 27:981-990. [PMID: 34117118 PMCID: PMC8370747 DOI: 10.1261/rna.078758.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Many antibiotics that bind to the ribosome inhibit translation by blocking the movement of tRNAs and mRNA or interfering with ribosome dynamics, which impairs the formation of essential translocation intermediates. Here we show how translocation inhibitors viomycin (Vio), neomycin (Neo), paromomycin (Par), kanamycin (Kan), spectinomycin (Spc), hygromycin B (HygB), and streptomycin (Str, an antibiotic that does not inhibit tRNA movement), affect principal motions of the small ribosomal subunits (SSU) during EF-G-promoted translocation. Using ensemble kinetics, we studied the SSU body domain rotation and SSU head domain swiveling in real time. We show that although antibiotics binding to the ribosome can favor a particular ribosome conformation in the absence of EF-G, their kinetic effect on the EF-G-induced transition to the rotated/swiveled state of the SSU is moderate. The antibiotics mostly inhibit backward movements of the SSU body and/or the head domains. Vio, Spc, and high concentrations of Neo completely inhibit the backward movements of the SSU body and head domain. Kan, Par, HygB, and low concentrations of Neo slow down both movements, but their sequence and coordination are retained. Finally, Str has very little effect on the backward rotation of the SSU body domain, but retards the SSU head movement. The data underscore the importance of ribosome dynamics for tRNA-mRNA translocation and provide new insights into the mechanism of antibiotic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Belardinelli
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Heena Sharma
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Frank Peske
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Marina V Rodnina
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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Catanese A, Rajkumar S, Sommer D, Freisem D, Wirth A, Aly A, Massa‐López D, Olivieri A, Torelli F, Ioannidis V, Lipecka J, Guerrera IC, Zytnicki D, Ludolph A, Kabashi E, Mulaw MA, Roselli F, Böckers TM. Synaptic disruption and CREB-regulated transcription are restored by K + channel blockers in ALS. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13131. [PMID: 34125498 PMCID: PMC8261490 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease, which is still missing effective therapeutic strategies. Although manipulation of neuronal excitability has been tested in murine and human ALS models, it is still under debate whether neuronal activity might represent a valid target for efficient therapies. In this study, we exploited a combination of transcriptomics, proteomics, optogenetics and pharmacological approaches to investigate the activity-related pathological features of iPSC-derived C9orf72-mutant motoneurons (MN). We found that human ALSC9orf72 MN are characterized by accumulation of aberrant aggresomes, reduced expression of synaptic genes, loss of synaptic contacts and a dynamic "malactivation" of the transcription factor CREB. A similar phenotype was also found in TBK1-mutant MN and upon overexpression of poly(GA) aggregates in primary neurons, indicating a strong convergence of pathological phenotypes on synaptic dysregulation. Notably, these alterations, along with neuronal survival, could be rescued by treating ALS-related neurons with the K+ channel blockers Apamin and XE991, which, respectively, target the SK and the Kv7 channels. Thus, our study shows that restoring the activity-dependent transcriptional programme and synaptic composition exerts a neuroprotective effect on ALS disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Catanese
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
| | - Sandeep Rajkumar
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
| | - Daniel Sommer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
| | - Dennis Freisem
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
| | - Alexander Wirth
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
| | - Amr Aly
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
| | - David Massa‐López
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE)Ulm siteUlmGermany
| | - Andrea Olivieri
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
| | - Federica Torelli
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
| | - Valentin Ioannidis
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
| | - Joanna Lipecka
- Proteomics platform NeckerINSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633Université de Paris – Structure Fédérative de Recherche NeckerParisFrance
| | - Ida Chiara Guerrera
- Proteomics platform NeckerINSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633Université de Paris – Structure Fédérative de Recherche NeckerParisFrance
| | - Daniel Zytnicki
- SPPIN ‐ Saints‐Pères Paris Institute for the NeurosciencesCNRSUniversité de ParisParis, Paris
| | - Albert Ludolph
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE)Ulm siteUlmGermany
- Department of NeurologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
| | - Edor Kabashi
- Institute of Translational Research for Neurological DisordersINSERM UMR 1163Imagine InstituteParisFrance
| | - Medhanie A Mulaw
- Internal Medicine I and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell AgingMedical FacultyUniversity Hospital UlmUniversity of Ulm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Francesco Roselli
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE)Ulm siteUlmGermany
- Department of NeurologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
| | - Tobias M Böckers
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm University School of MedicineUlmGermany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE)Ulm siteUlmGermany
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Takács Á, Kóbor A, Kardos Z, Janacsek K, Horváth K, Beste C, Nemeth D. Neurophysiological and functional neuroanatomical coding of statistical and deterministic rule information during sequence learning. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:3182-3201. [PMID: 33797825 PMCID: PMC8193527 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are capable of acquiring multiple types of information presented in the same information stream. It has been suggested that at least two parallel learning processes are important during learning of sequential patterns-statistical learning and rule-based learning. Yet, the neurophysiological underpinnings of these parallel learning processes are not fully understood. To differentiate between the simultaneous mechanisms at the single trial level, we apply a temporal EEG signal decomposition approach together with sLORETA source localization method to delineate whether distinct statistical and rule-based learning codes can be distinguished in EEG data and can be related to distinct functional neuroanatomical structures. We demonstrate that concomitant but distinct aspects of information coded in the N2 time window play a role in these mechanisms: mismatch detection and response control underlie statistical learning and rule-based learning, respectively, albeit with different levels of time-sensitivity. Moreover, the effects of the two learning mechanisms in the different temporally decomposed clusters of neural activity also differed from each other in neural sources. Importantly, the right inferior frontal cortex (BA44) was specifically implicated in visuomotor statistical learning, confirming its role in the acquisition of transitional probabilities. In contrast, visuomotor rule-based learning was associated with the prefrontal gyrus (BA6). The results show how simultaneous learning mechanisms operate at the neurophysiological level and are orchestrated by distinct prefrontal cortical areas. The current findings deepen our understanding on the mechanisms of how humans are capable of learning multiple types of information from the same stimulus stream in a parallel fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Takács
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineTU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Andrea Kóbor
- Brain Imaging CentreResearch Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
| | - Zsófia Kardos
- Brain Imaging CentreResearch Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
- Department of Cognitive ScienceBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsBudapestHungary
| | - Karolina Janacsek
- Institute of PsychologyELTE Eötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
- Brain, Memory and Language Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and PsychologyResearch Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
- Centre of Thinking and Learning, Institute for Lifecourse Development, School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Education, Health and Human SciencesUniversity of GreenwichLondonUK
| | - Kata Horváth
- Institute of PsychologyELTE Eötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
- Brain, Memory and Language Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and PsychologyResearch Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
- Doctoral School of PsychologyELTE Eötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineTU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Dezso Nemeth
- Institute of PsychologyELTE Eötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
- Brain, Memory and Language Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and PsychologyResearch Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL)Université de LyonLyonFrance
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31
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Kärcher O, Flörke M, Markovic D. Different life stage, different risks: Thermal performance across the life cycle of Salmo trutta and Salmo salar in the face of climate change. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:8941-8956. [PMID: 34257937 PMCID: PMC8258189 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Extending assessments of climate change-induced range shifts via correlative species distribution models by including species traits is crucial for conservation planning. However, comprehensive assessments of future distribution scenarios incorporating responses of biotic factors are poorly investigated. Therefore, the aim of our study was to extend the understanding about the combined usage of species traits data and species distribution models for different life stages and distribution scenarios. We combine global model predictions for the 2050s and thermal performances of Salmo trutta and Salmo salar under consideration of different life stages (adults, juveniles, eggs), timeframes (monthly, seasonally, yearly), and dispersal scenarios (no dispersal, free dispersal, restricted dispersal). We demonstrate that thermal performances of different life stages will either increase or decrease for certain time periods. Model predictions and thermal performances imply range declines and poleward shifts. Dispersal to suitable habitats will be an important factor mitigating warming effects; however, dams may block paths to areas linked to high performances. Our results emphasize enhanced inclusion of critical periods for species and proper dispersal solutions in conservation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Kärcher
- Faculty of Business Management and Social SciencesOsnabrück University of Applied SciencesOsnabrückGermany
| | - Martina Flörke
- Center for Environmental Systems ResearchUniversity of KasselKasselGermany
- Institute of Hydrological Engineering and Water ManagementRuhr‐Universität BochumBochumGermany
| | - Danijela Markovic
- Faculty of Business Management and Social SciencesOsnabrück University of Applied SciencesOsnabrückGermany
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Cheng T, Thielen M, Poppinga S, Tahouni Y, Wood D, Steinberg T, Menges A, Speck T. Bio-Inspired Motion Mechanisms: Computational Design and Material Programming of Self-Adjusting 4D-Printed Wearable Systems. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:2100411. [PMID: 34258167 PMCID: PMC8261511 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a material programming approach for designing 4D-printed self-shaping material systems based on biological role models. Plants have inspired numerous adaptive systems that move without using any operating energy; however, these systems are typically designed and fabricated in the form of simplified bilayers. This work introduces computational design methods for 4D-printing bio-inspired behaviors with compounded mechanisms. To emulate the anisotropic arrangement of motile plant structures, material systems are tailored at the mesoscale using extrusion-based 3D-printing. The methodology is demonstrated by transferring the principle of force generation by a twining plant (Dioscorea bulbifera) to the application of a self-tightening splint. Through the tensioning of its stem helix, D. bulbifera exhibits a squeezing force on its support to provide stability against gravity. The functional strategies of D. bulbifera are abstracted and translated to customized 4D-printed material systems. The squeezing forces of these bio-inspired motion mechanisms are then evaluated. Finally, the function of self-tightening is prototyped in a wrist-forearm splint-a common orthotic device for alignment. The presented approach enables the transfer of novel and expanded biomimetic design strategies to 4D-printed motion mechanisms, further opening the design space to new types of adaptive creations for wearable assistive technologies and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Cheng
- Institute for Computational Design and Construction (ICD)University of StuttgartKeplerstraße 11Stuttgart70174Germany
- Cluster of Excellence IntCDCUniversity of StuttgartKeplerstraße 11Stuttgart70174Germany
| | - Marc Thielen
- Plant Biomechanics Group, Botanic GardenUniversity of FreiburgSchänzlestraße 1Freiburg79104Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan‐Meier‐Straße 21Freiburg79104Germany
| | - Simon Poppinga
- Plant Biomechanics Group, Botanic GardenUniversity of FreiburgSchänzlestraße 1Freiburg79104Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan‐Meier‐Straße 21Freiburg79104Germany
| | - Yasaman Tahouni
- Institute for Computational Design and Construction (ICD)University of StuttgartKeplerstraße 11Stuttgart70174Germany
- Cluster of Excellence IntCDCUniversity of StuttgartKeplerstraße 11Stuttgart70174Germany
| | - Dylan Wood
- Institute for Computational Design and Construction (ICD)University of StuttgartKeplerstraße 11Stuttgart70174Germany
- Cluster of Excellence IntCDCUniversity of StuttgartKeplerstraße 11Stuttgart70174Germany
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgHugstetterstraße 55Freiburg79106Germany
| | - Achim Menges
- Institute for Computational Design and Construction (ICD)University of StuttgartKeplerstraße 11Stuttgart70174Germany
- Cluster of Excellence IntCDCUniversity of StuttgartKeplerstraße 11Stuttgart70174Germany
| | - Thomas Speck
- Plant Biomechanics Group, Botanic GardenUniversity of FreiburgSchänzlestraße 1Freiburg79104Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan‐Meier‐Straße 21Freiburg79104Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FITUniversity of FreiburgGeorges‐Köhler‐Allee 105Freiburg79110Germany
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Strijk JS, Hinsinger DD, Roeder MM, Chatrou LW, Couvreur TLP, Erkens RHJ, Sauquet H, Pirie MD, Thomas DC, Cao K. Chromosome-level reference genome of the soursop (Annona muricata): A new resource for Magnoliid research and tropical pomology. Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 21:1608-1619. [PMID: 33569882 PMCID: PMC8251617 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The flowering plant family Annonaceae includes important commercially grown tropical crops, but development of promising species is hindered by a lack of genomic resources to build breeding programs. Annonaceae are part of the magnoliids, an ancient lineage of angiosperms for which evolutionary relationships with other major clades remain unclear. To provide resources to breeders and evolutionary researchers, we report a chromosome-level genome assembly of the soursop (Annona muricata). We assembled the genome using 444.32 Gb of DNA sequences (676× sequencing depth) from PacBio and Illumina short-reads, in combination with 10× Genomics and Bionano data (v1). A total of 949 scaffolds were assembled to a final size of 656.77 Mb, with a scaffold N50 of 3.43 Mb (v1), and then further improved to seven pseudo-chromosomes using Hi-C sequencing data (v2; scaffold N50: 93.2 Mb, total size in chromosomes: 639.6 Mb). Heterozygosity was very low (0.06%), while repeat sequences accounted for 54.87% of the genome, and 23,375 protein-coding genes with an average of 4.79 exons per gene were annotated using de novo, RNA-seq and homology-based approaches. Reconstruction of the historical population size showed a slow continuous contraction, probably related to Cenozoic climate changes. The soursop is the first genome assembled in Annonaceae, supporting further studies of floral evolution in magnoliids, providing an essential resource for delineating relationships of ancient angiosperm lineages. Both genome-assisted improvement and conservation efforts will be strengthened by the availability of the soursop genome. As a community resource, this assembly will further strengthen the role of Annonaceae as model species for research on the ecology, evolution and domestication potential of tropical species in pomology and agroforestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joeri S. Strijk
- Institute for Biodiversity and Environmental ResearchUniversiti Brunei DarussalamJalan Tungku LinkBrunei Darussalam
- Alliance for Conservation Tree GenomicsPha Tad Ke Botanical GardenLuang PrabangLaos
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and ConservationBiodiversity Genomics TeamNanningGuangxiChina
| | - Damien D. Hinsinger
- Alliance for Conservation Tree GenomicsPha Tad Ke Botanical GardenLuang PrabangLaos
- Génomique Métabolique, GenoscopeInstitut de Biologie François JacobCommissariat à l′Énergie Atomique (CEA), CNRSUniversité ÉvryUniversité Paris‐SaclayÉvryFrance
| | - Mareike M. Roeder
- Community Ecology and Conservation GroupXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglun, MenglaYunnanChina
- AueninstitutInstitute for Geography and GeoecologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyRastattGermany
| | - Lars W. Chatrou
- Systematic and Evolutionary Botany LaboratoryGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | | | - Roy H. J. Erkens
- Maastricht Science ProgrammeMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Hervé Sauquet
- National Herbarium of New South Wales (NSW)Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain TrustSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Michael D. Pirie
- Department of Natural HistoryUniversity MuseumUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | | | - Kunfang Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesGuangxi UniversityNanningGuangxiChina
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Wesarg C, Veer IM, Oei NYL, Daedelow LS, Lett TA, Banaschewski T, Barker GJ, Bokde AL, Quinlan EB, Desrivières S, Flor H, Grigis A, Garavan H, Brühl R, Martinot J, Artiges E, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Poustka L, Hohmann S, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Whelan R, Schumann G, Heinz A, Walter H. The interaction of child abuse and rs1360780 of the FKBP5 gene is associated with amygdala resting-state functional connectivity in young adults. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:3269-3281. [PMID: 33818852 PMCID: PMC8193540 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive research has demonstrated that rs1360780, a common single nucleotide polymorphism within the FKBP5 gene, interacts with early-life stress in predicting psychopathology. Previous results suggest that carriers of the TT genotype of rs1360780 who were exposed to child abuse show differences in structure and functional activation of emotion-processing brain areas belonging to the salience network. Extending these findings on intermediate phenotypes of psychopathology, we examined if the interaction between rs1360780 and child abuse predicts resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between the amygdala and other areas of the salience network. We analyzed data of young European adults from the general population (N = 774; mean age = 18.76 years) who took part in the IMAGEN study. In the absence of main effects of genotype and abuse, a significant interaction effect was observed for rsFC between the right centromedial amygdala and right posterior insula (p < .025, FWE-corrected), which was driven by stronger rsFC in TT allele carriers with a history of abuse. Our results suggest that the TT genotype of rs1360780 may render individuals with a history of abuse more vulnerable to functional changes in communication between brain areas processing emotions and bodily sensations, which could underlie or increase the risk for psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Wesarg
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)‐LabUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Research Priority Area (RPA) YieldUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ilya M. Veer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlinand Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Nicole Y. L. Oei
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)‐LabUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Research Priority Area (RPA) YieldUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition (ABC)University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Laura S. Daedelow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlinand Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Tristram A. Lett
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlinand Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Gareth J. Barker
- Department of NeuroimagingInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Arun L.W. Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of NeuroscienceTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS)Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS)Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Herta Flor
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social SciencesUniversity of MannheimMannheimGermany
| | - Antoine Grigis
- NeuroSpin, CEAUniversité Paris‐SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and PsychologyUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Rüdiger Brühl
- Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)Braunschweig and BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Jean‐Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleINSERM U A10 “Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie”; Université Paris‐Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris‐Saclay, CNRS, Centre BorelliGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleINSERM U A10 “Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie”; Université Paris‐Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris‐Saclay, CNRS, Centre BorelliGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
- Department of Psychiatry 91G16Orsay HospitalGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig HolsteinKiel UniversityKielGermany
| | | | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Medical Centre GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Juliane H. Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging CenterTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Michael N. Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging CenterTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlinand Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS)Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College LondonLondonUK
- Leibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburgGermany
- Institute for Science and Technology of Brain‐inspired Intelligence (ISTBI)Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlinand Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlinand Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
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Abstract
The use of electric current as a traceless activator and reagent is experiencing a renaissance. This sustainable synthetic method is evolving into a hot topic in contemporary organic chemistry. Since researchers with various scientific backgrounds are entering this interdisciplinary field, different parameters and methods are reported to describe the experiments. The variation in the reported parameters can lead to problems with the reproducibility of the reported electroorganic syntheses. As an example, parameters such as current density or electrode distance are in some cases more significant than often anticipated. This Minireview provides guidelines on reporting electrosynthetic data and dispels myths about this technique, thereby streamlining the experimental parameters to facilitate reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian B. Beil
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Dennis Pollok
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
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36
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Yao S, Kostenko A, Xiong Y, Lorent C, Ruzicka A, Driess M. Changing the Reactivity of Zero- and Mono-Valent Germanium with a Redox Non-Innocent Bis(silylenyl)carborane Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14864-14868. [PMID: 33909944 PMCID: PMC8252802 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Using the chelating C,C'-bis(silylenyl)-ortho-dicarborane ligand, 1,2-(RSi)2 -1,2-C2 B10 H10 [R=PhC(NtBu)2 ], leads to the monoatomic zero-valent Ge complex ("germylone") 3. The redox non-innocent character of the carborane scaffold has a drastic influence on the reactivity of 3 towards reductants and oxidants. Reduction of 3 with one molar equivalent of potassium naphthalenide (KC10 H8 ) causes facile oxidation of Ge0 to GeI along with a two-electron reduction of the C2 B10 cluster core and subsequent GeI -GeI coupling to form the dianionic bis(silylene)-supported Ge2 complex 4. In contrast, oxidation of 3 with one molar equivalent of [Cp2 Fe][B{C6 H3 (CF3 )2 }4 ] as a one-electron oxidant furnishes the dicationic bis(silylene)-supported Ge2 complex 5. The Ge0 atom in 3 acts as donor towards GeCl2 to form the trinuclear mixed-valent Ge0 →GeII ←Ge0 complex 6, from which dechlorination with KC10 H8 affords the neutral Ge2 complex 7 as a diradical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglai Yao
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic MaterialsTechnische Universität BerlinStrasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C210623BerlinGermany
| | - Arseni Kostenko
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic MaterialsTechnische Universität BerlinStrasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C210623BerlinGermany
| | - Yun Xiong
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic MaterialsTechnische Universität BerlinStrasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C210623BerlinGermany
| | - Christian Lorent
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Biophysical ChemistryTechnische Universität BerlinStrasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. PC1410623BerlinGermany
| | - Ales Ruzicka
- Department of General and Inorganic ChemistryFaculty of Chemical TechnologyUniversity of PardubiceStudentska 57353210PardubiceCzech Republic
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic MaterialsTechnische Universität BerlinStrasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C210623BerlinGermany
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Dong P, Stellmacher J, Bouchet LM, Nieke M, Kumar A, Osorio‐Blanco ER, Nagel G, Lohan SB, Teutloff C, Patzelt A, Schäfer‐Korting M, Calderón M, Meinke MC, Alexiev U. A Dual Fluorescence-Spin Label Probe for Visualization and Quantification of Target Molecules in Tissue by Multiplexed FLIM-EPR Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14938-14944. [PMID: 33544452 PMCID: PMC8251738 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous visualization and concentration quantification of molecules in biological tissue is an important though challenging goal. The advantages of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) for visualization, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy for quantification are complementary. Their combination in a multiplexed approach promises a successful but ambitious strategy because of spin label-mediated fluorescence quenching. Here, we solved this problem and present the molecular design of a dual label (DL) compound comprising a highly fluorescent dye together with an EPR spin probe, which also renders the fluorescence lifetime to be concentration sensitive. The DL can easily be coupled to the biomolecule of choice, enabling in vivo and in vitro applications. This novel approach paves the way for elegant studies ranging from fundamental biological investigations to preclinical drug research, as shown in proof-of-principle penetration experiments in human skin ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and AllergologyCharité Universitätsmedizin Berlincorporate member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitute of PharmacyBerlinGermany
| | - Johannes Stellmacher
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitute of Experimental PhysicsDepartment of PhysicsBerlinGermany
| | - Lydia M. Bouchet
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitute of Chemistry and BiochemistryBerlinGermany
| | - Marius Nieke
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitute of Experimental PhysicsDepartment of PhysicsBerlinGermany
- Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinInstitute of BiologyBerlinGermany
| | - Amit Kumar
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitute of Chemistry and BiochemistryBerlinGermany
| | | | - Gregor Nagel
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitute of Chemistry and BiochemistryBerlinGermany
| | - Silke B. Lohan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and AllergologyCharité Universitätsmedizin Berlincorporate member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Christian Teutloff
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitute of Experimental PhysicsDepartment of PhysicsBerlinGermany
| | - Alexa Patzelt
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and AllergologyCharité Universitätsmedizin Berlincorporate member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | | | - Marcelo Calderón
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitute of Chemistry and BiochemistryBerlinGermany
- POLYMATFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of the Basque CountryUPV/EHU20018Donostia-San SebastiánSpain
- IKERBASQUEBasque Foundation for Science48013BilbaoSpain
| | - Martina C. Meinke
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and AllergologyCharité Universitätsmedizin Berlincorporate member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Ulrike Alexiev
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitute of Experimental PhysicsDepartment of PhysicsBerlinGermany
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38
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Piesch M, Reichl S, Seidl M, Balázs G, Scheer M. Synthesis and Multiple Subsequent Reactivity of Anionic cyclo-E 3 Ligand Complexes (E=P, As). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15101-15108. [PMID: 33961722 PMCID: PMC8251822 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic pathway for the synthesis of novel anionic sandwich complexes with a cyclo-E3 (E=P, As) ligand as an end deck was developed giving [Cp'''Co(η3 -E3 )]- (Cp'''=1,2,4-tri-tert-butylcyclopentadienyl, E=P ([5]), As ([6])) in good yields suitable for further reactivity studies. In the reaction with the chlorophosphanes R2 PCl (R=Ph, Cy, t Bu), neutral complexes with a disubstituted cyclo-E3 P (E=P, As) ligand in [Cp'''Co(η3 -E3 PR2 )] (E=P (7 a-c), As (9 a-c)) were obtained. These compounds can be partially or completely converted into complexes with a cyclo-E3 (E=P, As) ligand with an exocyclic {PR2 } unit in [Cp'''Co(η2 :η1 -E3 PR2 )] (E=P (8 a-c), As (10 a-c)). Additionally, the insertion of the chlorosilylene [LSiCl] (L=(t BuN)2 CPh) into the cyclo-E3 ligand of [5] and [6] was achieved and the novel heteroatomic complexes [Cp'''Co(η3 -E3 SiL)] (E=P (11), As (12)) could be isolated. The reaction pathway was elucidated by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Piesch
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Stephan Reichl
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
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39
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Brasnett A, Pfeffer I, Brewitz L, Chowdhury R, Nakashima Y, Tumber A, McDonough MA, Schofield CJ. Human Oxygenase Variants Employing a Single Protein Fe II Ligand Are Catalytically Active. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14657-14663. [PMID: 33887099 PMCID: PMC8252765 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aspartate/asparagine-β-hydroxylase (AspH) is a human 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and FeII oxygenase that catalyses C3 hydroxylations of aspartate/asparagine residues of epidermal growth factor-like domains (EGFDs). Unusually, AspH employs two histidine residues to chelate FeII rather than the typical triad of two histidine and one glutamate/aspartate residue. We report kinetic, inhibition, and crystallographic studies concerning human AspH variants in which either of its FeII binding histidine residues are substituted for alanine. Both the H725A and, in particular, the H679A AspH variants retain substantial catalytic activity. Crystal structures clearly reveal metal-ligation by only a single protein histidine ligand. The results have implications for the functional assignment of 2OG oxygenases and for the design of non-protein biomimetic catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Brasnett
- Chemistry Research Laboratory and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial ResearchUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Inga Pfeffer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial ResearchUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Lennart Brewitz
- Chemistry Research Laboratory and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial ResearchUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Rasheduzzaman Chowdhury
- Chemistry Research Laboratory and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial ResearchUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Yu Nakashima
- Chemistry Research Laboratory and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial ResearchUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
- Present address: Institute of Natural MedicineUniversity of Toyama2630-Sugitani930-0194ToyamaJapan
| | - Anthony Tumber
- Chemistry Research Laboratory and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial ResearchUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Michael A. McDonough
- Chemistry Research Laboratory and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial ResearchUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Christopher J. Schofield
- Chemistry Research Laboratory and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial ResearchUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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40
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Zhang Z, Stückrath JB, Grimme S, Gansäuer A. Titanocene-Catalyzed [2+2] Cycloaddition of Bisenones and Comparison with Photoredox Catalysis and Established Methods. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14339-14344. [PMID: 33871126 PMCID: PMC8251790 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cp2 Ti(TFA) is a broadly applicable catalyst for the [2+2] cycloaddition of bisenones by inner-sphere electron transfer. The attractiveness of this mechanism is shown by comparison with outer-sphere ET methods. DFT calculations show that the reaction proceeds through a unique unfavorable 5-exo (the rate-determining step) and a favorable 4-exo cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhang
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieUniversität BonnGerhard-Domagk-Strasse 153121BonnGermany
| | - Julius B. Stückrath
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryInstitut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieUniversität BonnBeringstrasse 453115BonnGermany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryInstitut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieUniversität BonnBeringstrasse 453115BonnGermany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieUniversität BonnGerhard-Domagk-Strasse 153121BonnGermany
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41
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Sammon MS, Biewend M, Michael P, Schirra S, Ončák M, Binder WH, Beyer MK. Activation of a Copper Biscarbene Mechano-Catalyst Using Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy Supported by Quantum Chemical Calculations. Chemistry 2021; 27:8723-8729. [PMID: 33822419 PMCID: PMC8251802 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule force spectroscopy allows investigation of the effect of mechanical force on individual bonds. By determining the forces necessary to sufficiently activate bonds to trigger dissociation, it is possible to predict the behavior of mechanophores. The force necessary to activate a copper biscarbene mechano-catalyst intended for self-healing materials was measured. By using a safety line bypassing the mechanophore, it was possible to pinpoint the dissociation of the investigated bond and determine rupture forces to range from 1.6 to 2.6 nN at room temperature in dimethyl sulfoxide. The average length-increase upon rupture of the Cu-C bond, due to the stretching of the safety line, agrees with quantum chemical calculations, but the values exhibit an unusual scattering. This scattering was assigned to the conformational flexibility of the mechanophore, which includes formation of a threaded structure and recoiling of the safety line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Sammon
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte PhysikUniversität InnsbruckTechnikerstraße 256020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Michel Biewend
- Department of Macromolecular ChemistryMartin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenbergvon-Danckelmann-Platz 406120Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Philipp Michael
- Department of Macromolecular ChemistryMartin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenbergvon-Danckelmann-Platz 406120Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Simone Schirra
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte PhysikUniversität InnsbruckTechnikerstraße 256020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte PhysikUniversität InnsbruckTechnikerstraße 256020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Department of Macromolecular ChemistryMartin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenbergvon-Danckelmann-Platz 406120Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Martin K. Beyer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte PhysikUniversität InnsbruckTechnikerstraße 256020InnsbruckAustria
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42
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Ghana P, Schrader S, Rajeshkumar T, Spaniol TP, Englert U, Maron L, Okuda J. Reduced Arene Complexes of Hafnium Supported by a Triamidoamine Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14179-14187. [PMID: 33890350 PMCID: PMC8252659 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A series of hafnium complexes with a reduced arene of the general formula [K(L)][Hf(Xy-N3 N)(arene)] (Xy-N3 N={(3,5-Me2 C6 H3 )NCH2 CH2 }3 N3- , L=THF, 18-crown-6; arene=C10 H8 2- , C14 H10 2- ) mimic the chemistry of hafnium in its formal oxidation state +II. All compounds were obtained upon reduction of the chlorido complex [HfCl(Xy-N3 N)(thf)] with two equivalents of potassium naphthalenide or anthracenide. The reducing nature and the basicity of the reduced anthracene ligand were explored in the reaction of benzonitrile and azobenzene, and by deprotonation of tert-butylacetylene, respectively. The reduction of benzonitrile provides an initial double nitrile insertion product under kinetic control that rearranges after extrusion of one of the inserted nitriles to a hafnium imido complex as the thermodynamic product. The reduction of azobenzene resulted in a diphenylhydrazido(2-) complex. Treatment of terminal alkynes with the anthracene or diphenylhydrazido(2-) complex led to the selective protonation of the corresponding dianionic ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyabrata Ghana
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152056AachenGermany
| | - Sebastian Schrader
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152056AachenGermany
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- Université de Toulouse et CNRSINSAUPSUMR 5215LPCNO135 Avenue de RangueilF-31077ToulouseFrance
| | - Thomas P. Spaniol
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152056AachenGermany
| | - Ulli Englert
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152056AachenGermany
| | - Laurent Maron
- Université de Toulouse et CNRSINSAUPSUMR 5215LPCNO135 Avenue de RangueilF-31077ToulouseFrance
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152056AachenGermany
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Abstract
Dearomatization is an effective method to transform readily available N-heterocycles into partially saturated motifs. Manipulation of dihydro-derivatives holds great potential and provides access to a variety of semi-saturated N-heterocyclic building blocks. However, current strategies are limited in scope and the use of sensitive reagents restricts the applicability in synthetic laboratories. Herein, we report the synthesis of a broad variety of N-substituted 1,4- and 1,2-dihydropyridines by very mild and selective reduction with amine borane for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Heusler
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Julian Fliege
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Tobias Wagener
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
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44
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Bläsing K, Labbow R, Schulz A, Villinger A. Silylated Sulfuric Acid: Preparation of a Tris(trimethylsilyl)oxosulfonium [(Me 3 Si-O) 3 SO] + Salt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13798-13802. [PMID: 33913571 PMCID: PMC8251596 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of silylated sulfuric acid, O2 S(OSiMe3 )2 (T2 SO4 , T=Me3 Si; also known as bis(trimethylsilyl) sulfate), has been studied in detail with the aim of synthesizing the formal autosilylation products of silylated sulfuric acid, [T3 SO4 ]+ and [TSO4 ]- , in analogy to the known protonated species, [H3 SO4 ]+ and [HSO4 ]- . The synthesis of the [TSO4 ]- ion only succeeds when a base, such as OPMe3 that forms a weakly coordinating cation upon silylation, is reacted with T2 SO4 , resulting in the formation of [Me3 POT]+ [TSO4 ]- . [T3 SO4 ]+ salts could be isolated starting from T2 SO4 in the reaction with [T-H-T]+ [B(C6 F5 )4 ]- or T+ [CHB11 Br6 H5 ]- when a weakly coordinating anion is used as counterion. All silylated compounds could be crystallized and structurally characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bläsing
- Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Rene Labbow
- Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 3a18059RostockGermany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V.Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 3a18059RostockGermany
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45
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Abstract
Site-selective protein functionalization serves as an invaluable tool for investigating protein structures and functions in complicated cellular environments and accomplishing semi-synthetic protein conjugates such as traceable therapeutics with improved features. Dual functionalization of proteins allows the incorporation of two different types of functionalities at distinct location(s), which greatly expands the features of native proteins. The attachment and crosstalk of a fluorescence donor and an acceptor dye provides fundamental insights into the folding and structural changes of proteins upon ligand binding in their native cellular environments. Moreover, the combination of drug molecules with different modes of action, imaging agents or stabilizing polymers provides new avenues to design precision protein therapeutics in a reproducible and well-characterizable fashion. This review aims to give a timely overview of the recent advancements and a future perspective of this relatively new research area. First, the chemical toolbox for dual functionalization of proteins is discussed and compared. The strengths and limitations of each strategy are summarized in order to enable readers to select the most appropriate method for their envisaged applications. Thereafter, representative applications of these dual-modified protein bioconjugates benefiting from the synergistic/additive properties of the two synthetic moieties are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujuan Xu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Seah Ling Kuan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
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46
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Liu K, Li J, Qi H, Hambsch M, Rawle J, Vázquez AR, Nia AS, Pashkin A, Schneider H, Polozij M, Heine T, Helm M, Mannsfeld SCB, Kaiser U, Dong R, Feng X. A Two-Dimensional Polyimide-Graphene Heterostructure with Ultra-fast Interlayer Charge Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13859-13864. [PMID: 33835643 PMCID: PMC8252803 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) are a class of atomically/molecularly thin crystalline organic 2D materials. They are intriguing candidates for the development of unprecedented organic-inorganic 2D van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) with exotic physicochemical properties. In this work, we demonstrate the on-water surface synthesis of large-area (cm2 ), monolayer 2D polyimide (2DPI) with 3.1-nm lattice. Such 2DPI comprises metal-free porphyrin and perylene units linked by imide bonds. We further achieve a scalable synthesis of 2DPI-graphene (2DPI-G) vdWHs via a face-to-face co-assembly of graphene and 2DPI on the water surface. Remarkably, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy reveals an ultra-fast interlayer charge transfer (ca. 60 fs) in the resultant 2DPI-G vdWH upon protonation by acid, which is equivalent to that of the fastest reports among inorganic 2D vdWHs. Such large interlayer electronic coupling is ascribed to the interlayer cation-π interaction between 2DP and graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejun Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics DresdenTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. (IPF)01069DresdenGermany
| | - Jiang Li
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf01328DresdenGermany
| | - Haoyuan Qi
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics DresdenTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
- Central Facility of Electron MicroscopyElectron Microscopy Group of Materials ScienceUniversität Ulm89081UlmGermany
| | - Mike Hambsch
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Faculty of Electrical and Computer EngineeringTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | | | - Adrián Romaní Vázquez
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics DresdenTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Ali Shaygan Nia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics DresdenTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Alexej Pashkin
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf01328DresdenGermany
| | - Harald Schneider
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf01328DresdenGermany
| | - Mirosllav Polozij
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics DresdenTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Thomas Heine
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics DresdenTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Manfred Helm
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf01328DresdenGermany
| | - Stefan C. B. Mannsfeld
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Faculty of Electrical and Computer EngineeringTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central Facility of Electron MicroscopyElectron Microscopy Group of Materials ScienceUniversität Ulm89081UlmGermany
| | - Renhao Dong
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics DresdenTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics DresdenTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
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47
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Dubey A, Stoyanov N, Viennet T, Chhabra S, Elter S, Borggräfe J, Viegas A, Nowak RP, Burdzhiev N, Petrov O, Fischer ES, Etzkorn M, Gelev V, Arthanari H. Local Deuteration Enables NMR Observation of Methyl Groups in Proteins from Eukaryotic and Cell-Free Expression Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13783-13787. [PMID: 33768661 PMCID: PMC8251921 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutically relevant proteins such as GPCRs, antibodies and kinases face clear limitations in NMR studies due to the challenges in site-specific isotope labeling and deuteration in eukaryotic expression systems. Here we describe an efficient and simple method to observe the methyl groups of leucine residues in proteins expressed in bacterial, eukaryotic or cell-free expression systems without modification of the expression protocol. The method relies on simple stereo-selective 13 C-labeling and deuteration of leucine that alleviates the need for additional deuteration of the protein. The spectroscopic benefits of "local" deuteration are examined in detail through Forbidden Coherence Transfer (FCT) experiments and simulations. The utility of this labeling method is demonstrated in the cell-free synthesis of bacteriorhodopsin and in the insect-cell expression of the RRM2 domain of human RBM39.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Dubey
- Cancer BiologyDana-Farber Cancer Institute450 Brookline Avenue LC-3311BostonMA02215USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular PharmacologyHarvard Medical School240 Longwood AvenueBostonMA02215USA
| | - Nikolay Stoyanov
- Faculty of Chemistry and PharmacySofia University1 James Bourchier Blvd.1164SofiaBulgaria
| | - Thibault Viennet
- Institute of Physical BiologyHeinrich-Heine-UniversityUniversitätsstr. 140225DüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52425JülichGermany
- JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural BiologyForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52425JülichGermany
| | - Sandeep Chhabra
- Cancer BiologyDana-Farber Cancer Institute450 Brookline Avenue LC-3311BostonMA02215USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular PharmacologyHarvard Medical School240 Longwood AvenueBostonMA02215USA
| | - Shantha Elter
- Institute of Physical BiologyHeinrich-Heine-UniversityUniversitätsstr. 140225DüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52425JülichGermany
- JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural BiologyForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52425JülichGermany
| | - Jan Borggräfe
- Institute of Physical BiologyHeinrich-Heine-UniversityUniversitätsstr. 140225DüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52425JülichGermany
- JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural BiologyForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52425JülichGermany
| | - Aldino Viegas
- Institute of Physical BiologyHeinrich-Heine-UniversityUniversitätsstr. 140225DüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52425JülichGermany
- JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural BiologyForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52425JülichGermany
| | - Radosław P. Nowak
- Cancer BiologyDana-Farber Cancer Institute450 Brookline Avenue LC-3311BostonMA02215USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular PharmacologyHarvard Medical School240 Longwood AvenueBostonMA02215USA
| | - Nikola Burdzhiev
- Faculty of Chemistry and PharmacySofia University1 James Bourchier Blvd.1164SofiaBulgaria
| | - Ognyan Petrov
- Faculty of Chemistry and PharmacySofia University1 James Bourchier Blvd.1164SofiaBulgaria
| | - Eric S. Fischer
- Cancer BiologyDana-Farber Cancer Institute450 Brookline Avenue LC-3311BostonMA02215USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular PharmacologyHarvard Medical School240 Longwood AvenueBostonMA02215USA
| | - Manuel Etzkorn
- Institute of Physical BiologyHeinrich-Heine-UniversityUniversitätsstr. 140225DüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52425JülichGermany
- JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural BiologyForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52425JülichGermany
| | - Vladimir Gelev
- Faculty of Chemistry and PharmacySofia University1 James Bourchier Blvd.1164SofiaBulgaria
| | - Haribabu Arthanari
- Cancer BiologyDana-Farber Cancer Institute450 Brookline Avenue LC-3311BostonMA02215USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular PharmacologyHarvard Medical School240 Longwood AvenueBostonMA02215USA
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48
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Abstract
To create innovative materials, efficient control and engineering of pore sizes and their characteristics, crystallinity and stability is required. Eight hybrid Tri4 Di6 imine cages with a tunable degree of fluorination and one fully fluorinated Tri4 Di6 imine cage are investigated. Although the fluorinated and the non-fluorinated building blocks used herein differ vastly in reactivity, it was possible to gain control over the outcome of the self-assembly process, by carefully controlling the feed ratio. This represents the first hybrid material based on fluorinated/hydrogenated porous organic cages (POCs). These cages with unlimited miscibility in the solid state were obtained as highly crystalline samples after recrystallization and even showed retention of the crystal lattice, forming alloys. All mixtures and the fully fluorinated Tri4 Di6 imine cage were analyzed by MALDI-MS, single-crystal XRD, powder XRD and in regard to thermal stability (TGA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Kunde
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Tobias Pausch
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Bernd M. Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
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49
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Wickhorst PJ, Ihmels H. Selective, pH-Dependent Colorimetric and Fluorimetric Detection of Quadruplex DNA with 4-Dimethylamino(phenyl)-Substituted Berberine Derivatives. Chemistry 2021; 27:8580-8589. [PMID: 33855748 PMCID: PMC8252107 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The 9- and 12-dimethylaminophenyl-substituted berberine derivatives 3 a and 3 b were readily synthesized by Suzuki-Miyaura reactions and shown to be useful fluorescent probes for the optical detection of quadruplex DNA (G4-DNA). Their association with the nucleic acids was investigated by spectrometric titrations, CD and LD spectroscopy, and with DNA-melting analysis. Both ligands bind to duplex DNA by intercalation and to G4-DNA by terminal π stacking. At neutral conditions, they bind with higher affinity (Kb =105 -106 M-1 ) to representative quadruplex forming oligonucleotides 22AG, c-myc, c-kit, and a2, than to duplex calf thymus (ct) DNA (Kb =5-7×104 M-1 ). At pH 5, however, the affinity of 3 a towards G4-DNA 22AG is higher (Kb =1.2×106 M-1 ), whereas the binding constant towards ct DNA is lower (Kb =3.9×103 M-1 ) than under neutral conditions. Notably, the association of the ligand with DNA results in characteristic changes of the absorption and emission properties under specific conditions, which may be used for optical DNA detection. Other than the parent berberine, the ligands do not show a noticeable increase of their very low intrinsic emission intensity upon association with DNA at neutral conditions. In contrast, a fluorescence light-up effect was observed upon association to duplex (Φfl =0.01) and quadruplex DNA (Φfl =0.04) at pH 5. This fluorimetric response to G4-DNA association in combination with the distinct, red-shifted absorption under these conditions provides a simple and conclusive optical detection of G4-DNA at lower pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jonas Wickhorst
- Department of Chemistry – BiologyUniversity of Siegen, andCenter of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ)Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 257068SiegenGermany
| | - Heiko Ihmels
- Department of Chemistry – BiologyUniversity of Siegen, andCenter of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ)Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 257068SiegenGermany
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50
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Roy MMD, Baird SR, Dornsiepen E, Paul LA, Miao L, Ferguson MJ, Zhou Y, Siewert I, Rivard E. A Stable Homoleptic Divinyl Tetrelene Series. Chemistry 2021; 27:8572-8579. [PMID: 33848023 PMCID: PMC8252546 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the new bulky vinyllithium reagent (Me IPr=CH)Li, (Me IPr=[(MeCNDipp)2 C]; Dipp=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 ) is reported. This vinyllithium precursor was found to act as a general source of the anionic 2σ, 2π-electron donor ligand [Me IPr=CH]- . Furthermore, a high-yielding route to the degradation-resistant SiII precursor Me IPr⋅SiBr2 is presented. The efficacy of (Me IPr=CH)Li in synthesis was demonstrated by the generation of a complete inorganic divinyltetrelene series (Me IPrCH)2 E: (E=Si to Pb). (Me IPrCH)2 Si: represents the first two-coordinate acyclic silylene not bound by heteroatom donors, with dual electrophilic and nucleophilic character at the SiII center noted. Cyclic voltammetry shows this electron-rich silylene to be a potent reducing agent, rivalling the reducing power of the 19-electron complex cobaltocene (Cp2 Co).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M. D. Roy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Alberta11227 Saskatchewan Dr.EdmontonAlbertaT6G 2G2Canada
| | - Samuel R. Baird
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Alberta11227 Saskatchewan Dr.EdmontonAlbertaT6G 2G2Canada
| | - Eike Dornsiepen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Alberta11227 Saskatchewan Dr.EdmontonAlbertaT6G 2G2Canada
| | - Lucas A. Paul
- Universität GöttingenInstitut für Anorganische ChemieTammannstr. 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Linkun Miao
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Alberta11227 Saskatchewan Dr.EdmontonAlbertaT6G 2G2Canada
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Alberta11227 Saskatchewan Dr.EdmontonAlbertaT6G 2G2Canada
| | - Yuqiao Zhou
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Alberta11227 Saskatchewan Dr.EdmontonAlbertaT6G 2G2Canada
| | - Inke Siewert
- Universität GöttingenInstitut für Anorganische ChemieTammannstr. 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Alberta11227 Saskatchewan Dr.EdmontonAlbertaT6G 2G2Canada
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