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Lin H, Haider SP, Kaltenhauser S, Mozayan A, Malhotra A, Constable RT, Scheinost D, Ment LR, Konrad K, Payabvash S. Population level multimodal neuroimaging correlates of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder among children. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1138670. [PMID: 36908780 PMCID: PMC9992191 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1138670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Leveraging a large population-level morphologic, microstructural, and functional neuroimaging dataset, we aimed to elucidate the underlying neurobiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. In addition, we evaluated the applicability of machine learning classifiers to predict ADHD diagnosis based on imaging and clinical information. Methods From the Adolescents Behavior Cognitive Development (ABCD) database, we included 1,798 children with ADHD diagnosis and 6,007 without ADHD. In multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age and sex, we examined the association of ADHD with different neuroimaging metrics. The neuroimaging metrics included fractional anisotropy (FA), neurite density (ND), mean-(MD), radial-(RD), and axial diffusivity (AD) of white matter (WM) tracts, cortical region thickness and surface areas from T1-MPRAGE series, and functional network connectivity correlations from resting-state fMRI. Results Children with ADHD showed markers of pervasive reduced microstructural integrity in white matter (WM) with diminished neural density and fiber-tracks volumes - most notable in the frontal and parietal lobes. In addition, ADHD diagnosis was associated with reduced cortical volume and surface area, especially in the temporal and frontal regions. In functional MRI studies, ADHD children had reduced connectivity among default-mode network and the central and dorsal attention networks, which are implicated in concentration and attention function. The best performing combination of feature selection and machine learning classifier could achieve a receiver operating characteristics area under curve of 0.613 (95% confidence interval = 0.580-0.645) to predict ADHD diagnosis in independent validation, using a combination of multimodal imaging metrics and clinical variables. Conclusion Our study highlights the neurobiological implication of frontal lobe cortex and associate WM tracts in pathogenesis of childhood ADHD. We also demonstrated possible potentials and limitations of machine learning models to assist with ADHD diagnosis in a general population cohort based on multimodal neuroimaging metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Lin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan P. Haider
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Simone Kaltenhauser
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ali Mozayan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ajay Malhotra
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - R. Todd Constable
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Dustin Scheinost
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Laura R. Ment
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Kerstin Konrad
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Jülich Research Centre, JARA Brain Institute II, Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (INM-11), Jülich, Germany
| | - Seyedmehdi Payabvash
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Haase K, Musielak I, Warmuth-Moles L, Leberecht B, Zolotareva A, Mouritsen H, Heyers D. In Search for the Avian Trigeminal Magnetic Sensor: Distribution of Peripheral and Central Terminals of Ophthalmic Sensory Neurons in the Night-Migratory Eurasian Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla). Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:853401. [PMID: 35321391 PMCID: PMC8936129 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.853401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In night-migratory songbirds, neurobiological and behavioral evidence suggest the existence of a magnetic sense associated with the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (V1), possibly providing magnetic positional information. Curiously, neither the unequivocal existence, structural nature, nor the exact location of any sensory structure has been revealed to date. Here, we used neuronal tract tracing to map both the innervation fields in the upper beak and the detailed trigeminal brainstem terminations of the medial and lateral V1 subbranches in the night-migratory Eurasian Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla). The medial V1 subbranch takes its course along the ventral part of the upper beak to innervate subepidermal layers and the mucosa of the nasal cavity, whereas the lateral V1 subbranch runs along dorsolateral levels until the nostrils to innervate mainly the skin of the upper beak. In the trigeminal brainstem, medial V1 terminals innervate both the dorsal part and the ventral, magnetically activated part of the principal sensory trigeminal brainstem nuclei (PrV). In contrast, the lateral V1 subbranch innervates only a small part of the ventral PrV. The spinal sensory trigeminal brainstem nuclei (SpV) receive topographically ordered projections. The medial V1 subbranch mainly innervates rostral and medial parts of SpV, whereas the lateral V1 subbranch mainly innervates the lateral and caudal parts of SpV. The present findings could provide valuable information for further analysis of the trigeminal magnetic sense of birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Haase
- AG Neurosensorik, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Isabelle Musielak
- AG Neurosensorik, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Leonie Warmuth-Moles
- AG Neurosensorik, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Bo Leberecht
- AG Neurosensorik, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Anna Zolotareva
- Biological Station Rybachy, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Henrik Mouritsen
- AG Neurosensorik, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Heyers
- AG Neurosensorik, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Dominik Heyers,
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3
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Kratschmer S, Pachinger B, Gaigher R, Pryke JS, van Schalkwyk J, Samways MJ, Melin A, Kehinde T, Zaller JG, Winter S. Enhancing flowering plant functional richness improves wild bee diversity in vineyard inter-rows in different floral kingdoms. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:7927-7945. [PMID: 34188862 PMCID: PMC8216979 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild bees are threatened by multiple interacting stressors, such as habitat loss, land use change, parasites, and pathogens. However, vineyards with vegetated inter-rows can offer high floral resources within viticultural landscapes and provide foraging and nesting habitats for wild bees. Here, we assess how vineyard management regimes (organic vs. conventional; inter-row vegetation management) and landscape composition determine the inter-row plant and wild bee assemblages, as well as how these variables relate to functional traits in 24 Austrian and 10 South African vineyards. Vineyards had either permanent vegetation cover in untilled inter-rows or temporary vegetation cover in infrequently tilled inter-rows. Proportion of seminatural habitats (e.g., fallows, grassland, field margins) and woody structures (e.g., woodlots, single trees, tree rows) were used as proxies for landscape composition and mapped within 500-m radius around the study vineyards. Organic vineyard management increased functional richness (FRic) of wild bees and flowering plants, with woody structures marginally increasing species richness and FRic of wild bees. Wild bee and floral traits were differently associated across the countries. In Austria, several bee traits (e.g., lecty, pollen collection type, proboscis length) were associated with flower color and symmetry, while in South African vineyards, only bees' proboscis length was positively correlated with floral traits characteristic of Asteraceae flowers (e.g., ray-disk morphology, yellow colors). Solitary bee species in Austria benefitted from infrequent tillage, while ground nesting species preferred inter-rows with undisturbed soils. Higher proportions of woody structures in surrounding landscapes resulted in less solitary and corbiculate bees in Austria, but more aboveground nesting species in South Africa. In both countries, associations between FRic of wild bees and flowering plants were positive both in organic and in conventional vineyards. We recommend the use of diverse cover crop seed mixtures to enhance plant flowering diversity in inter-rows, to increase wild bee richness in viticultural landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Kratschmer
- Institute of ZoologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Science (BOKU)ViennaAustria
| | - Bärbel Pachinger
- Institute for Integrative Nature Conservation ResearchUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Science (BOKU)ViennaAustria
| | - René Gaigher
- Department Conservation Ecology and EntomologyStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - James S. Pryke
- Department Conservation Ecology and EntomologyStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Julia van Schalkwyk
- Department Conservation Ecology and EntomologyStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Michael J. Samways
- Department Conservation Ecology and EntomologyStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Annalie Melin
- Compton HerbariumSouth African National Biodiversity InstituteCape TownSouth Africa
- African Centre for Coastal PalaeoscienceNelson Mandela Metropolitan UniversityPort ElizabethSouth Africa
| | | | - Johann G. Zaller
- Institute of ZoologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Science (BOKU)ViennaAustria
| | - Silvia Winter
- Institute of Plant ProtectionUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Science (BOKU)ViennaAustria
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Abstract
A transition-metal-free direct electrolytic C-H amination involving an electrochemically generated nitrenium ion intermediate has been developed. The electrosynthesis takes place in the absence of any organoiodine catalysts and is enabled by an in situ generated electrolyte. A novel, efficient intramolecular and intermolecular C-H amination has been demonstrated using a simple reaction setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Puthanveedu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PhysiologieAbteilung Chemische BiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
- Technische Universität DortmundFakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieChemische BiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 4a44221DortmundGermany
| | - Vladislav Khamraev
- Technische Universität DortmundFakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieChemische BiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 4a44221DortmundGermany
- North Caucasus Federal UniversityDepartment of Chemistry1a Pushkin St.355009StavropolRussian Federation
- Present address: D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia9 Miusskaya Square, 125047MoscowRussian Federation
| | - Lukas Brieger
- Technische Universität DortmundFakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieAnorganische ChemieOtto-Hahn-Straße 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Technische Universität DortmundFakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieAnorganische ChemieOtto-Hahn-Straße 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Andrey P. Antonchick
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PhysiologieAbteilung Chemische BiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
- Technische Universität DortmundFakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieChemische BiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 4a44221DortmundGermany
- Nottingham Trent UniversityCollege of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Chemistry and ForensicsClifton LaneNG11 8NSNottinghamUK
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Fan X, Walther A. pH Feedback Lifecycles Programmed by Enzymatic Logic Gates Using Common Foods as Fuels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11398-11405. [PMID: 33682231 PMCID: PMC8252529 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Artificial temporal signaling systems, which mimic living out-of-equilibrium conditions, have made large progress. However, systems programmed by enzymatic reaction networks in multicomponent and unknown environments, and using biocompatible components remain a challenge. Herein, we demonstrate an approach to program temporal pH signals by enzymatic logic gates. They are realized by an enzymatic disaccharide-to-monosaccharide-to-sugar acid reaction cascade catalyzed by two metabolic chains: invertase-glucose oxidase and β-galactosidase-glucose oxidase, respectively. Lifetimes of the transient pH signal can be programmed from less than 15 min to more than 1 day. We study enzymatic kinetics of the reaction cascades and reveal the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Operating with all-food grade chemicals and coupling to self-regulating hydrogel, our system is quite robust to work in a complicated medium with unknown components and in a biocompatible fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Fan
- Institute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Str. 3179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Andreas Walther
- Institute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Str. 3179104FreiburgGermany
- ABMS LabDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
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6
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Ferger M, Ban Ž, Krošl I, Tomić S, Dietrich L, Lorenzen S, Rauch F, Sieh D, Friedrich A, Griesbeck S, Kenđel A, Miljanić S, Piantanida I, Marder TB. Bis(phenylethynyl)arene Linkers in Tetracationic Bis-triarylborane Chromophores Control Fluorimetric and Raman Sensing of Various DNAs and RNAs. Chemistry 2021; 27:5142-5159. [PMID: 33411942 PMCID: PMC8048639 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We report four new luminescent tetracationic bis-triarylborane DNA and RNA sensors that show high binding affinities, in several cases even in the nanomolar range. Three of the compounds contain substituted, highly emissive and structurally flexible bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl-4-ethynyl)arene linkers (3: arene=5,5'-2,2'-bithiophene; 4: arene=1,4-benzene; 5: arene=9,10-anthracene) between the two boryl moieties and serve as efficient dual Raman and fluorescence chromophores. The shorter analogue 6 employs 9,10-anthracene as the linker and demonstrates the importance of an adequate linker length with a certain level of flexibility by exhibiting generally lower binding affinities than 3-5. Pronounced aggregation-deaggregation processes are observed in fluorimetric titration experiments with DNA for compounds 3 and 5. Molecular modelling of complexes of 5 with AT-DNA, suggest the minor groove as the dominant binding site for monomeric 5, but demonstrate that dimers of 5 can also be accommodated. Strong SERS responses for 3-5 versus a very weak response for 6, particularly the strong signals from anthracene itself observed for 5 but not for 6, demonstrate the importance of triple bonds for strong Raman activity in molecules of this compound class. The energy of the characteristic stretching vibration of the C≡C bonds is significantly dependent on the aromatic moiety between the triple bonds. The insertion of aromatic moieties between two C≡C bonds thus offers an alternative design for dual Raman and fluorescence chromophores, applicable in multiplex biological Raman imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Ferger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Željka Ban
- Division of Organic Chemistry & BiochemistryRuđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 5410000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Ivona Krošl
- Division of Organic Chemistry & BiochemistryRuđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 5410000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Sanja Tomić
- Division of Organic Chemistry & BiochemistryRuđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 5410000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Lena Dietrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Sabine Lorenzen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Florian Rauch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Daniel Sieh
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Stefanie Griesbeck
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Adriana Kenđel
- Division of Analytical ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a10000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Snežana Miljanić
- Division of Analytical ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a10000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Ivo Piantanida
- Division of Organic Chemistry & BiochemistryRuđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 5410000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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7
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Mutschke A, Bernard GM, Bertmer M, Karttunen AJ, Ritter C, Michaelis VK, Kunkel N. Na 3 SO 4 H-The First Representative of the Material Class of Sulfate Hydrides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5683-5687. [PMID: 33438295 PMCID: PMC7986708 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The first representative of a novel class of mixed-anionic compounds, the sulfate hydride Na3 SO4 H, and the corresponding deuteride Na3 SO4 D were obtained from the solid-state reaction of NaH or NaD with dry Na2 SO4 . Precise reaction control is required, because too harsh conditions lead to the reduction of sulfate to sulfide. A combined X-ray and neutron diffraction study revealed that the compound crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P4/nmm with the lattice parameters a=7.0034(2) Å and c=4.8569(2) Å. The sole presence of hydride and absence of hydroxide ions is proven by vibrational spectroscopy and comparison with spectra predicted from quantum chemical calculations. 1 H and 23 Na MAS NMR spectra are consistent with the structure of Na3 SO4 H: a single 1 H peak at 2.9 ppm is observed, while two peaks at 15.0 and 6.2 ppm for the inequivalent 23 Na sites are observed. Elemental analysis and quantum chemical calculations further support these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Mutschke
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieGeorg-August-University GoettingenTammannstrasse 437077GoettingenGermany
- Chair for Inorganic Chemistry with Focus on Novel MaterialsTechnical University of MunichLichtenbergstrasse 485748GarchingGermany
| | - Guy M. Bernard
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaT6G 2G2Canada
| | - Marko Bertmer
- Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State PhysicsLeipzig UniversityLinnéstrasse 504103LeipzigGermany
| | - Antti J. Karttunen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAalto UniversityP.O. Box 16100FI-00076AaltoFinland
| | - Clemens Ritter
- Institut Laue-Langevin71 avenue des Martyrs38042Grenoble Cedex 9France
| | | | - Nathalie Kunkel
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieGeorg-August-University GoettingenTammannstrasse 437077GoettingenGermany
- Chair for Inorganic Chemistry with Focus on Novel MaterialsTechnical University of MunichLichtenbergstrasse 485748GarchingGermany
- Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-University, GoettingenGermany
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8
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Piastra MC, Nüßing A, Vorwerk J, Clerc M, Engwer C, Wolters CH. A comprehensive study on electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography sensitivity to cortical and subcortical sources. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:978-992. [PMID: 33156569 PMCID: PMC7856654 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) maps are a good way to visualize electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) sensitivity. SNR maps extend the knowledge about the modulation of EEG and MEG signals by source locations and orientations and can therefore help to better understand and interpret measured signals as well as source reconstruction results thereof. Our work has two main objectives. First, we investigated the accuracy and reliability of EEG and MEG finite element method (FEM)-based sensitivity maps for three different head models, namely an isotropic three and four-compartment and an anisotropic six-compartment head model. As a result, we found that ignoring the cerebrospinal fluid leads to an overestimation of EEG SNR values. Second, we examined and compared EEG and MEG SNR mappings for both cortical and subcortical sources and their modulation by source location and orientation. Our results for cortical sources show that EEG sensitivity is higher for radial and deep sources and MEG for tangential ones, which are the majority of sources. As to the subcortical sources, we found that deep sources with sufficient tangential source orientation are recordable by the MEG. Our work, which represents the first comprehensive study where cortical and subcortical sources are considered in highly detailed FEM-based EEG and MEG SNR mappings, sheds a new light on the sensitivity of EEG and MEG and might influence the decision of brain researchers or clinicians in their choice of the best modality for their experiment or diagnostics, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carla Piastra
- Institute for Biomagnetism and BiosignalanalysisUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
- Institute for Computational and Applied MathematicsUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Andreas Nüßing
- Institute for Biomagnetism and BiosignalanalysisUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
- Institute for Computational and Applied MathematicsUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Johannes Vorwerk
- Institute of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University for Health SciencesMedical Informatics and TechnologyHall in TirolAustria
| | - Maureen Clerc
- Inria Sophia Antipolis‐MediterranéeBiotFrance
- Université Côte d'AzurNiceFrance
| | - Christian Engwer
- Institute for Computational and Applied MathematicsUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion, CiM, University of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Carsten H. Wolters
- Institute for Biomagnetism and BiosignalanalysisUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of MünsterMünsterGermany
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9
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Fan X, Walther A. Autonomous Transient pH Flips Shaped by Layered Compartmentalization of Antagonistic Enzymatic Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:3619-3624. [PMID: 33098236 PMCID: PMC7898518 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transient signaling orchestrates complex spatiotemporal behaviour in living organisms via (bio)chemical reaction networks (CRNs). Compartmentalization of signal processing is an important aspect for controlling such networks. However, artificial CRNs mostly focus on homogeneous solutions to program autonomous self-assembling systems, which limits their accessible behaviour and tuneability. Here, we introduce layered compartments housing antagonistic pH-modulating enzymes and demonstrate that transient pH signals in a supernatant solution can be programmed based on spatial delays. This overcomes limitations of activity mismatches of antagonistic enzymes in solution and allows to flexibly program acidic and alkaline pH lifecycles beyond the possibilities of homogeneous solutions. Lag time, lifetime, and the pH minima and maxima can be precisely programmed by adjusting spatial and kinetic conditions. We integrate these spatially controlled pH flips with switchable peptides, furnishing time-programmed self-assemblies and hydrogel material system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Fan
- ABMS Lab-Active Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired MaterialsInstitute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Str. 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Str. 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired TechnologiesUniversity of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
| | - Andreas Walther
- ABMS Lab-Active Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired MaterialsInstitute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Str. 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Str. 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired TechnologiesUniversity of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
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10
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Jana S, Empel C, Nguyen TV, Koenigs RM. Multi C-H Functionalization Reactions of Carbazole Heterocycles via Gold-Catalyzed Carbene Transfer Reactions. Chemistry 2021; 27:2628-2632. [PMID: 33278310 PMCID: PMC7898811 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein we describe a multiple C-H functionalization reaction of carbazole heterocycles with diazoalkanes. We show that gold catalysts play a distinct role in enabling a multiple C-H functionalization reaction to introduce up to six carbene fragments onto molecules containing multiple carbazole units or to link multiple carbazole units into a single molecule. A one-pot stepwise approach enables the introduction of two different carbene fragments to allow orthogonal deprotection and straightforward derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sripati Jana
- RWTH Aachen UniversityInstitute of Organic ChemistryLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Claire Empel
- RWTH Aachen UniversityInstitute of Organic ChemistryLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
- School of ChemistryUniversity of New South Wales2052SydneyAustralia
| | | | - Rene M. Koenigs
- RWTH Aachen UniversityInstitute of Organic ChemistryLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
- School of ChemistryUniversity of New South Wales2052SydneyAustralia
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11
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Gama S, Hermenau R, Frontauria M, Milea D, Sammartano S, Hertweck C, Plass W. Iron Coordination Properties of Gramibactin as Model for the New Class of Diazeniumdiolate Based Siderophores. Chemistry 2021; 27:2724-2733. [PMID: 33006390 PMCID: PMC7898861 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Gramibactin (GBT) is an archetype for the new class of diazeniumdiolate siderophores, produced by Paraburkholderia graminis, a cereal-associated rhizosphere bacterium, for which a detailed solution thermodynamic study exploring the iron coordination properties is reported. The acid-base behavior of gramibactin as well as its complexing ability toward Fe3+ was studied over a wide range of pH values (2≤pH≤11). For the latter the ligand-competition method employing EDTA was used. Only two species are formed: [Fe(GBT)]- (pH 2 to 9) and [Fe(GBT)(OH)2 ]3- (pH≥9). The formation of [Fe(GBT)]- and its occurrence in real systems was confirmed by LC-HRESIMS analysis of the bacteria culture broth extract. The sequestering ability of gramibactin was also evaluated in terms of the parameters pFe and pL0.5 . Gramibactin exhibits a higher sequestering ability toward Fe3+ than EDTA and of the same order of magnitude as hydroxamate-type microbial siderophores, but smaller than most of the catecholate-type siderophores and much higher than the most known phytosiderophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Gama
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität JenaHumboldtstr 807743JenaGermany
- New address: Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of BialystokCiolkowskiego 1K, 15–245BialystokPoland
| | - Ron Hermenau
- Department of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI)Beutenbergstr 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Mariachiara Frontauria
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität JenaHumboldtstr 807743JenaGermany
| | - Demetrio Milea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversità degli Studi di MessinaV.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 3198166MessinaItaly
| | - Silvio Sammartano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversità degli Studi di MessinaV.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 3198166MessinaItaly
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Department of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI)Beutenbergstr 11a07745JenaGermany
- Faculty of Biological SciencesFriedrich Schiller University Jena07743JenaGermany
| | - Winfried Plass
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität JenaHumboldtstr 807743JenaGermany
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12
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Awan T, Babendreyer A, Mahmood Alvi A, Düsterhöft S, Lambertz D, Bartsch JW, Liedtke C, Ludwig A. Expression levels of the metalloproteinase ADAM8 critically regulate proliferation, migration and malignant signalling events in hepatoma cells. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:1982-1999. [PMID: 33314720 PMCID: PMC7882935 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common metastatic tumours. Tumour growth and metastasis depend on the induction of cell proliferation and migration by various mediators. Here, we report that the A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM) 8 is highly expressed in murine HCC tissues as well as in murine and human hepatoma cell lines Hepa1-6 and HepG2, respectively. To establish a dose-dependent role of different ADAM8 expression levels for HCC progression, ADAM8 expression was either reduced via shRNA- or siRNA-mediated knockdown or increased by using a retroviral overexpression vector. These two complementary approaches revealed that ADAM8 expression levels correlated positively with proliferation, clonogenicity, migration and matrix invasion and negatively with apoptosis of hepatoma cells. Furthermore, the analysis of pro-migratory and proliferative signalling pathways revealed that ADAM8 expression level was positively associated with expression of β1 integrin as well as with the activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Src kinase and Rho A GTPase. Finally, up-regulation of promigatory signalling and cell migration was also seen with a proteolytically inactive ADAM8 mutant. These findings reveal that ADAM8 is critically up-regulated in hepatoma cells contributes to cell proliferation and survival and furthermore induces pro-migratory signalling pathways independently of its proteolytic activity. By this, ADAM8 can promote cell functions most relevant for HCC growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzeela Awan
- Institute of Molecular PharmacologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Aaron Babendreyer
- Institute of Molecular PharmacologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Abid Mahmood Alvi
- Institute of Molecular PharmacologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Stefan Düsterhöft
- Institute of Molecular PharmacologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Daniela Lambertz
- Department of Medicine IIIUniversity Hospital RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Jörg W. Bartsch
- Department of NeurosurgeryPhilipps University MarburgUniversity Hospital MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Christian Liedtke
- Department of Medicine IIIUniversity Hospital RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Andreas Ludwig
- Institute of Molecular PharmacologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
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13
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van der Meer SB, Seiler T, Buchmann C, Partalidou G, Boden S, Loza K, Heggen M, Linders J, Prymak O, Oliveira CLP, Hartmann L, Epple M. Controlling the Surface Functionalization of Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles by Sequence-Defined Macromolecules. Chemistry 2021; 27:1451-1464. [PMID: 32959929 PMCID: PMC7898849 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasmall gold nanoparticles (diameter about 2 nm) were surface-functionalized with cysteine-carrying precision macromolecules. These consisted of sequence-defined oligo(amidoamine)s (OAAs) with either two or six cysteine molecules for binding to the gold surface and either with or without a PEG chain (3400 Da). They were characterized by 1 H NMR spectroscopy, 1 H NMR diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The number of precision macromolecules per nanoparticle was determined after fluorescent labeling by UV spectroscopy and also by quantitative 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Each nanoparticle carried between 40 and 100 OAA ligands, depending on the number of cysteine units per OAA. The footprint of each ligand was about 0.074 nm2 per cysteine molecule. OAAs are well suited to stabilize ultrasmall gold nanoparticles by selective surface conjugation and can be used to selectively cover their surface. The presence of the PEG chain considerably increased the hydrodynamic diameter of both dissolved macromolecules and macromolecule-conjugated gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Beatrice van der Meer
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE)University of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstr. 5–745117EssenGermany
| | - Theresa Seiler
- Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular ChemistryHeinrich Heine-University DüsseldorfUniversitätsstr. 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Christin Buchmann
- Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular ChemistryHeinrich Heine-University DüsseldorfUniversitätsstr. 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Georgia Partalidou
- Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular ChemistryHeinrich Heine-University DüsseldorfUniversitätsstr. 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Sophia Boden
- Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular ChemistryHeinrich Heine-University DüsseldorfUniversitätsstr. 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Kateryna Loza
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE)University of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstr. 5–745117EssenGermany
| | - Marc Heggen
- Ernst Ruska-Center for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with ElectronsForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52425JülichGermany
| | - Jürgen Linders
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE)University of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstr. 5–745117EssenGermany
| | - Oleg Prymak
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE)University of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstr. 5–745117EssenGermany
| | | | - Laura Hartmann
- Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular ChemistryHeinrich Heine-University DüsseldorfUniversitätsstr. 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE)University of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstr. 5–745117EssenGermany
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14
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Yang L, Bongsuiru Jei B, Scheremetjew A, Kuniyil R, Ackermann L. Electrochemical B-H Nitrogenation: Access to Amino Acid and BODIPY-Labeled nido-Carboranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1482-1487. [PMID: 32991021 PMCID: PMC7839532 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Electrocatalyzed oxidative B-H nitrogenations of nido-carborane (nido-7,8-C2 B9 H12- ) with N-heterocycles have been established, enabling the preparation of various N-substituted nido-carboranes without chemical oxidants or metal catalyst under ambient conditions. The electrolysis manifold occurred with high levels of efficiency as well as chemo- and position- selectivity, employing sustainable electricity as the sole oxidant. The strategy set the stage for a user-friendly access to novel amino acid and fluorogenic boron-dipyrrin (BODIPY)-labeled nido-carborane hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable ChemistryGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Becky Bongsuiru Jei
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable ChemistryGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Alexej Scheremetjew
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable ChemistryGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Rositha Kuniyil
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable ChemistryGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable ChemistryGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
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15
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Adak T, Hoffmann M, Witzel S, Rudolph M, Dreuw A, Hashmi ASK. Visible Light-Enabled sp 3 -C-H Functionalization with Chloro- and Bromoalkynes: Chemoselective Route to Vinylchlorides or Alkynes. Chemistry 2020; 26:15573-15580. [PMID: 32472581 PMCID: PMC7756539 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented direct atom-economic chemo- and regioselective hydroalkylation of chloroalkynes and an sp3 -C-H alkynylation of bromoalkynes was achieved. The reaction partners are unfunctionalized ethers, alcohols, amides, and even non-activated hydrocarbons. We found that a household fluorescent bulb was able to excite a diaryl ketone, which then selectively abstracts a H-atom from an sp3 -C-H bond. The product of a formal alkyne insertion into the sp3 -C-H bond was obtained with chloroalkynes, providing valuable vinyl chlorides. The photo-organocatalytic hydrogen atom transfer strategy gives rise to a broad range of diversely functionalized olefins. When bromoalkynes are applied in the presence of a base, a chemoselectivity switch to an alkynylation is observed. This reaction can even be performed for the alkynylation of unactivated sp3 -C-H bonds, in this case with a preference of the more substituted carbon. Accompanying quantum chemical calculations indicate a vinyl radical intermediate with pronounced linear coordination of the carbon radical center, thus enabling the formation of both diastereoisomers after H-atom abstraction, suggesting that the (Z)-diastereoisomer is preferred, which supports the experimentally observed (E/Z)-distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Adak
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Marvin Hoffmann
- Theoretical and Computational ChemistryInterdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 205A69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Sina Witzel
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Theoretical and Computational ChemistryInterdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 205A69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia
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16
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Seitz N, vanEngelsdorp D, Leonhardt SD. Are native and non-native pollinator friendly plants equally valuable for native wild bee communities? Ecol Evol 2020; 10:12838-12850. [PMID: 33304497 PMCID: PMC7713930 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bees rely on floral pollen and nectar for food. Therefore, pollinator friendly plantings are often used to enrich habitats in bee conservation efforts. As part of these plantings, non-native plants may provide valuable floral resources, but their effects on native bee communities have not been assessed in direct comparison with native pollinator friendly plantings. In this study, we performed a common garden experiment by seeding mixes of 20 native and 20 non-native pollinator friendly plant species at separate neighboring plots at three sites in Maryland, USA, and recorded flower visitors for 2 years. A total of 3,744 bees (120 species) were collected. Bee abundance and species richness were either similar across plant types (midseason and for abundance also late season) or lower at native than at non-native plots (early season and for richness also late season). The overall bee community composition differed significantly between native and non-native plots, with 11 and 23 bee species being found exclusively at one plot type or the other, respectively. Additionally, some species were more abundant at native plant plots, while others were more abundant at non-natives. Native plants hosted more specialized plant-bee visitation networks than non-native plants. Three species out of the five most abundant bee species were more specialized when foraging on native plants than on non-native plants. Overall, visitation networks were more specialized in the early season than in late seasons. Our findings suggest that non-native plants can benefit native pollinators, but may alter foraging patterns, bee community assemblage, and bee-plant network structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Seitz
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical BiologyUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA
| | | | - Sara D. Leonhardt
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical BiologyUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Present address:
Department of Ecology & Ecosystem ManagementTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
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17
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Hugo H, Hermes MG, Garcete‐Barrett BR, Couzin ID. First evidence of wasp brood development inside active nests of a termite with the description of a previously unknown potter wasp species. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:12663-12674. [PMID: 33304483 PMCID: PMC7713954 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Potter wasps (Vespidae: Eumeninae) are known to exhibit not only sophisticated preying strategies but also a remarkable ability to manipulate clay during nest building. Due to a mixture of plasticity in building behavior and flexibility in substrate preferences during nest building, the group has been reported nesting in a variety of places, including decaying nests abandoned by termite species. Yet, evidence of wasps nesting inside senescent termite mounds is poorly reported, and to date, accounts confirming their presence inside active colonies of termites are absent. Here, we address a novel intriguing association between two species from the Brazilian Cerrado: a previously unknown potter wasp (nest invader) and a termite species (nest builder). Besides scientifically describing Montezumia termitophila sp. nov. (Vespidae: Eumeninae), named after its association with the termite Constrictotermes cyphergaster (Silvestri, 1901) (Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae), we provide preliminary information about the new species' bionomics by including (a) a hypothetical life cycle based on the evidence we collected and (b) a footage showing the first interaction between a recently ecloded wasp and a group of termites. In doing so, we attempt to provoke relevant discussions in the field and, perhaps, motivate further studies with the group. Finally, we describe a solution to efficiently detect and sample termitophilous species from termite nests, an intrinsic yet challenging task of any studies dealing with such a cryptic biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helder Hugo
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective BehaviourUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
- Department of Collective BehaviourMax Planck Institute of Animal BehaviorKonstanzGermany
- Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| | | | - Bolívar R. Garcete‐Barrett
- Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del ParaguaySan LorenzoParaguay
- Department of BiologyUniversidad Nacional de AsunciónSan LorenzoParaguay
| | - Iain D. Couzin
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective BehaviourUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
- Department of Collective BehaviourMax Planck Institute of Animal BehaviorKonstanzGermany
- Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
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18
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Crosado B, Löffler S, Ondruschka B, Zhang M, Zwirner J, Hammer N. Phenoxyethanol-Based Embalming for Anatomy Teaching: An 18 Years' Experience with Crosado Embalming at the University of Otago in New Zealand. Anat Sci Educ 2020; 13:778-793. [PMID: 31758863 PMCID: PMC7687111 DOI: 10.1002/ase.1933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Embalming fixatives such as formaldehyde and phenol have been associated with occupational health hazards. While anatomists aim at replacing these chemicals, this seems presently unfeasible in particular for formaldehyde. Furthermore, fixation protocols usually require well-equipped facilities with highly experienced staff to achieve good fixation results in spite of only a minimal use of formaldehyde. Combining these aspects, a technique robust enough to be carried out by morticians is presented, resulting in durable tissues with minimal formaldehyde use. An embalming protocol involving phenoxyethanol was established, using concentrations of 7 and 1.5 Vol% of phenoxyethanol in the fixative and the conservation fluid, respectively. Visual, haptic, histological, and biomechanical properties and their perceived potential to positively influence student learning outcomes were compared to standard embalming techniques. The phenoxyethanol technique provides esthetic, durable, and odorless tissues. Bleaching is less pronounced compared to ethanol- or formaldehyde-based protocols. The tissues remain pliable following the phenoxyethanol-based embalming and can be used for biomechanical experiments to some extent. Phenoxyethanol-fixed tissues are well suited for undergraduate teaching with perceived positive learning outcomes and partly for postgraduate training. Phenoxyethanol tissues provide the option to obtain well-preserved histology samples, similar to those derived from formaldehyde. The provided protocol helps replace the use of phenol and formaldehyde for conservation purposes and minimizes the use of formaldehyde for the initial injection fixation. Phenoxyethanol-based embalming forms an effective alternative to standard embalming techniques for human cadavers. It is simple to use, allowing fixation procedures to be carried out in less sophisticated facilities with non-anatomy staff.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabine Löffler
- Department of AnatomyUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | | | - Ming Zhang
- Department of AnatomyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Johann Zwirner
- Department of AnatomyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Niels Hammer
- Department of Clinical and Macroscopic AnatomyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- Department of Trauma, Orthopedic and Plastic SurgeryUniversity Hospital of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming TechnologyDresdenGermany
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19
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Korvorapun K, Moselage M, Struwe J, Rogge T, Messinis AM, Ackermann L. Regiodivergent C-H and Decarboxylative C-C Alkylation by Ruthenium Catalysis: ortho versus meta Position-Selectivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18795-18803. [PMID: 32700444 PMCID: PMC7589394 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium(II)biscarboxylate complexes enabled the selective alkylation of C-H and C-C bonds at the ortho- or meta-position. ortho-C-H Alkylations were achieved with 4-, 5- as well as 6-membered halocycloalkanes. Furthermore, the judicious choice of the directing group allowed for a full control of ortho-/meta-selectivities. Detailed mechanistic studies by experiment and computation were performed and provided strong support for an oxidative addition/reductive elimination process for ortho-alkylations, while a homolytic C-X cleavage was operative for the meta-selective transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korkit Korvorapun
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Marc Moselage
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Julia Struwe
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Torben Rogge
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Antonis M. Messinis
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
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20
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Sonnleitner CM, Park S, Eckl R, Ertl T, Reiser O. Stereoselective Synthesis of Tropanes via a 6π-Electrocyclic Ring-Opening/ Huisgen [3+2]-Cycloaddition Cascade of Monocyclopropanated Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18110-18115. [PMID: 32627302 PMCID: PMC7589232 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of tropanes via a microwave-assisted, stereoselective 6π-electrocyclic ring-opening/ Huisgen [3+2]-cycloaddition cascade of cyclopropanated pyrrole and furan derivatives with electron-deficient dipolarophiles is demonstrated. Starting from furans or pyrroles, 8-aza- and 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes are accessible in two steps in dia- and enantioselective pure form, being versatile building blocks for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant targets, especially for new cocaine analogues bearing various substituents at the C-6/C-7 positions of the tropane ring system. Moreover, the 2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane core (isoquinuclidines), being prominently represented in many natural and pharmaceutical products, is accessible via this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina M. Sonnleitner
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Saerom Park
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Robert Eckl
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Thomas Ertl
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193053RegensburgGermany
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21
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Korvorapun K, Struwe J, Kuniyil R, Zangarelli A, Casnati A, Waeterschoot M, Ackermann L. Photo-Induced Ruthenium-Catalyzed C-H Arylations at Ambient Temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18103-18109. [PMID: 32662573 PMCID: PMC7589283 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ambient temperature ruthenium-catalyzed C-H arylations were accomplished by visible light without additional photocatalysts. The robustness of the ruthenium-catalyzed C-H functionalization protocol was reflected by a broad range of sensitive functional groups and synthetically useful pyrazoles, triazoles and sensitive nucleosides and nucleotides, as well as multifold C-H functionalizations. Biscyclometalated ruthenium complexes were identified as the key intermediates in the photoredox ruthenium catalysis by detailed computational and experimental mechanistic analysis. Calculations suggested that the in situ formed photoactive ruthenium species preferably underwent an inner-sphere electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korkit Korvorapun
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Julia Struwe
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Rositha Kuniyil
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Agnese Zangarelli
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Anna Casnati
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Marjo Waeterschoot
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
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22
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Çapcı A, Lorion MM, Mai C, Hahn F, Hodek J, Wangen C, Weber J, Marschall M, Ackermann L, Tsogoeva SB. (Iso)Quinoline-Artemisinin Hybrids Prepared through Click Chemistry: Highly Potent Agents against Viruses. Chemistry 2020; 26:12019-12026. [PMID: 32485071 PMCID: PMC7540715 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections cause life-threatening diseases in millions of people worldwide every year and there is an urgent need for new, effective antiviral drugs. Hybridization of two chemically diverse compounds into a new bioactive effector product is a successful concept to improve the properties of a hybrid drug relative to the parent compounds. In this study, (iso)quinoline-artemisinin hybrids, obtained through copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition or metal-free click reactions (in organic solvents or in the presence of water), were analyzed in vitro, for the first time, for their inhibitory activity against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), relative to their parent compounds and the reference drug ganciclovir. EC50 (HCMV) values were obtained in a range 0.22-1.20 μm, which indicated highly potent antiviral properties in the absence of cytotoxic effects on normal cells (CC50 >100 μm). The most active hybrid, 1 (EC50 =0.22 μm), is 25 times more potent than its parent compound artesunic acid (EC50 =5.41 μm) and 12 times more efficient than the standard drug ganciclovir (EC50 =2.6 μm). Interestingly, hybrid 1 also shows inhibitory activity against hepatitis B virus in vitro (EC50 (HBeAg)=2.57 μm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Çapcı
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for, Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander University of, Erlangen–NürnbergNikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Mélanie M. Lorion
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Christina Mai
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for, Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander University of, Erlangen–NürnbergNikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Friedrich Hahn
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular VirologyFriedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergSchlossgarten 491054ErlangenGermany
| | - Jan Hodek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the, Czech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo namesti 216610PragueCzech Republic
| | - Christina Wangen
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular VirologyFriedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergSchlossgarten 491054ErlangenGermany
| | - Jan Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the, Czech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo namesti 216610PragueCzech Republic
| | - Manfred Marschall
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular VirologyFriedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergSchlossgarten 491054ErlangenGermany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Potsdamer Str. 5810785BerlinGermany
| | - Svetlana B. Tsogoeva
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for, Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander University of, Erlangen–NürnbergNikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
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23
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Wylezich T, Valois R, Suta M, Mutschke A, Ritter C, Meijerink A, Karttunen AJ, Kunkel N. Borate Hydrides as a New Material Class: Structure, Computational Studies, and Spectroscopic Investigations on Sr 5 (BO 3 ) 3 H and Sr 5 ( 11 BO 3 ) 3 D. Chemistry 2020; 26:11742-11750. [PMID: 32542938 PMCID: PMC7540042 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented borate hydride Sr5 (BO3 )3 H and deuteride Sr5 (11 BO3 )3 D crystallizing in an apatite-related structure are reported. Despite the presence of hydride anions, the compound decomposes only slowly in air. Doped with Eu2+ , it shows broad-band orange-red emission under violet excitation owing to the 4f6 5d-4f7 transition of Eu2+ . The observed 1 H NMR chemical shift is in good agreement with previously reported 1 H chemical shifts of ionic metal hydrides as well as with quantum chemical calculations and very different from 1 H chemical shifts usually found for hydroxide ions in similar materials. FTIR and Raman spectroscopy of different samples containing 1 H, 2 H, nat B, and 11 B combined with calculations unambiguously prove the absence of hydroxide ions and the sole incorporation of hydride ions into the borate. The orange-red emission obtained by doping with Eu2+ shows that the new compound class might be a promising host material for optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wylezich
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstr. 437077GöttingenGermany
- Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-University GoettingenTammannstr. 237077GoettingenGermany
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry with Focus on Novel MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University MunichLichtenbergstr. 485748GarchingGermany
| | - Renaud Valois
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry with Focus on Novel MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University MunichLichtenbergstr. 485748GarchingGermany
- UCCS-UMR CNRS 8181Université d'Artois, Faculté de, Sciences Jean PerrinRue Jean Souvraz62300LensFrance
| | - Markus Suta
- Condensed Matter and InterfacesDebye Institute for, Nanomaterials ScienceDepartment of ChemistryUtrecht UniversityPrincetonplein 13584 CCUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Alexander Mutschke
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry with Focus on Novel MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University MunichLichtenbergstr. 485748GarchingGermany
| | - Clemens Ritter
- Institut Laue-Langevin71 Avenue des Martyrs38042GrenobleFrance
| | - Andries Meijerink
- Condensed Matter and InterfacesDebye Institute for, Nanomaterials ScienceDepartment of ChemistryUtrecht UniversityPrincetonplein 13584 CCUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Antti J. Karttunen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAalto UniversityP.O. Box 16100FI-00076AaltoFinland
| | - Nathalie Kunkel
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstr. 437077GöttingenGermany
- Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-University GoettingenTammannstr. 237077GoettingenGermany
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry with Focus on Novel MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University MunichLichtenbergstr. 485748GarchingGermany
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24
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Geri S, Krunclova T, Janouskova O, Panek J, Hruby M, Hernández‐Valdés D, Probst B, Alberto RA, Mamat C, Kubeil M, Stephan H. Light-Activated Carbon Monoxide Prodrugs Based on Bipyridyl Dicarbonyl Ruthenium(II) Complexes. Chemistry 2020; 26:10992-11006. [PMID: 32700815 PMCID: PMC7496190 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two photoactivatable dicarbonyl ruthenium(II) complexes based on an amide-functionalised bipyridine scaffold (4-position) equipped with an alkyne functionality or a green-fluorescent BODIPY (boron-dipyrromethene) dye have been prepared and used to investigate their light-induced decarbonylation. UV/Vis, FTIR and 13 C NMR spectroscopies as well as gas chromatography and multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares analysis (MCR-ALS) were used to elucidate the mechanism of the decarbonylation process. Release of the first CO molecule occurs very quickly, while release of the second CO molecule proceeds more slowly. In vitro studies using two cell lines A431 (human squamous carcinoma) and HEK293 (human embryonic kidney cells) have been carried out in order to characterise the anti-proliferative and anti-apoptotic activities. The BODIPY-labelled compound allows for monitoring the cellular uptake, showing fast internalisation kinetics and accumulation at the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Geri
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstrasse 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Tereza Krunclova
- Department of Biological ModelsInstitute of Macromolecular ChemistryHeyrovsky Square 216206PragueCzech Republic
| | - Olga Janouskova
- Department of Biological ModelsInstitute of Macromolecular ChemistryHeyrovsky Square 216206PragueCzech Republic
| | - Jiri Panek
- Supramolecular Polymer SystemsInstitute of Macromolecular ChemistryHeyrovsky Square 216206PragueCzech Republic
| | - Martin Hruby
- Supramolecular Polymer SystemsInstitute of Macromolecular ChemistryHeyrovsky Square 216206PragueCzech Republic
| | | | - Benjamin Probst
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstr. 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Roger A. Alberto
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstr. 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Constantin Mamat
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstrasse 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Manja Kubeil
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstrasse 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Holger Stephan
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstrasse 40001328DresdenGermany
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25
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Yildiz CB, Leszczyńska KI, González‐Gallardo S, Zimmer M, Azizoglu A, Biskup T, Kay CWM, Huch V, Rzepa HS, Scheschkewitz D. Equilibrium Formation of Stable All-Silicon Versions of 1,3-Cyclobutanediyl. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15087-15092. [PMID: 32407571 PMCID: PMC7496386 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Main group analogues of cyclobutane-1,3-diyls are fascinating due to their unique reactivity and electronic properties. So far only heteronuclear examples have been isolated. Here we report the isolation and characterization of all-silicon 1,3-cyclobutanediyls as stable closed-shell singlet species from the reversible reactions of cyclotrisilene c-Si3 Tip4 (Tip=2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl) with the N-heterocyclic silylenes c-[(CR2 CH2 )(NtBu)2 ]Si: (R=H or methyl) with saturated backbones. At elevated temperatures, tetrasilacyclobutenes are obtained from these equilibrium mixtures. The corresponding reaction with the unsaturated N-heterocyclic silylene c-(CH)2 (NtBu)2 Si: proceeds directly to the corresponding tetrasilacyclobutene without detection of the assumed 1,3-cyclobutanediyl intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem B. Yildiz
- Department of Aromatic and Medicinal PlantsAksaray University68100AksarayTurkey
| | - Kinga I. Leszczyńska
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General ChemistrySaarland University66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | | | - Michael Zimmer
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General ChemistrySaarland University66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Akin Azizoglu
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Science and LettersUniversity of Balıkesir10145BalıkesirTurkey
| | - Till Biskup
- Chair of Physical Chemistry and Chemical EducationSaarland University66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Christopher W. M. Kay
- Chair of Physical Chemistry and Chemical EducationSaarland University66123SaarbrückenGermany
- London Centre for NanotechnologyUniversity College London17–19 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AHUK
| | - Volker Huch
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General ChemistrySaarland University66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Henry S. Rzepa
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMSRH, White City Campus, 80 Wood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General ChemistrySaarland University66123SaarbrückenGermany
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26
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Rastgar S, Teixeira Santos K, Angelucci CA, Wittstock G. Catalytic Activity of Alkali Metal Cations for the Chemical Oxygen Reduction Reaction in a Biphasic Liquid System Probed by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Chemistry 2020; 26:10882-10890. [PMID: 32460434 PMCID: PMC7496973 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Chemical reduction of dioxygen in organic solvents for the production of reactive oxygen species or the concomitant oxidation of organic substrates can be enhanced by the separation of products and educts in biphasic liquid systems. Here, the coupled electron and ion transfer processes is studied as well as reagent fluxes across the liquid|liquid interface for the chemical reduction of dioxygen by decamethylferrocene (DMFc) in a dichloroethane-based organic electrolyte forming an interface with an aqueous electrolyte containing alkali metal ions. This interface is stabilized at the orifice of a pipette, across which a Galvani potential difference is externally applied and precisely adjusted to enforce the transfer of different alkali metal ions from the aqueous to the organic electrolyte. The oxygen reduction is followed by H2 O2 detection in the aqueous phase close to the interface by a microelectrode of a scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM). The results prove a strong catalytic effect of hydrated alkali metal ions on the formation rate of H2 O2 , which varies systematically with the acidity of the transferred alkali metal ions in the organic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoufeh Rastgar
- Carl von Ossietzky University of OldenburgChemistry Department261111OldenburgGermany
| | - Keyla Teixeira Santos
- Carl von Ossietzky University of OldenburgChemistry Department261111OldenburgGermany
- Federal University of ABCCenter for Natural and Human SciencesAv. dos Estados 500109210-580Santo André/SPBrazil
| | - Camilo Andrea Angelucci
- Federal University of ABCCenter for Natural and Human SciencesAv. dos Estados 500109210-580Santo André/SPBrazil
| | - Gunther Wittstock
- Carl von Ossietzky University of OldenburgChemistry Department261111OldenburgGermany
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27
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Agafontsev AM, Shumilova TA, Oshchepkov AS, Hampel F, Kataev EA. Ratiometric Detection of ATP by Fluorescent Cyclophanes with Bellows-Type Sensing Mechanism. Chemistry 2020; 26:9991-9997. [PMID: 32497327 PMCID: PMC7496914 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pyrene-based cyclophanes have been synthesized with the aim to realize a bellows-type sensing mechanism for the ratiometric detection of nucleotide concentrations in a buffered aqueous solution. The sensing mechanism involves the encapsulation of a nucleobase between two pyrene rings, which affects the monomer-excimer equilibrium of the receptor in the excited state. The nature of the spacer and its connection pattern to pyrene rings have been varied to achieve high selectivity for ATP. The 1,8-substituted pyrene-based cyclophane with the 2,2'-diaminodiethylamine spacer demonstrates the best selectivity for ATP showing a 50-fold increase in the monomer-excimer emission ratio upon saturation with the nucleotide. The receptor can detect ATP within the biological concentrations range over a wide pH range. NMR and spectroscopic studies have revealed the importance of hydrogen bonding and stacking interactions for achieving a required receptor selectivity. The probe has been successfully applied for the real-time monitoring of creatine kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr M. Agafontsev
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS9 Lavrentiev Avenue630090NovosibirskRussian Federation
- Institute of ChemistryTechnische Universität Chemnitz09107ChemnitzGermany
| | | | | | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Evgeny A. Kataev
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
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28
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Ruiz MB, Taverna A, Servetto N, Sahade R, Held C. Hidden diversity in Antarctica: Molecular and morphological evidence of two different species within one of the most conspicuous ascidian species. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:8127-8143. [PMID: 32788966 PMCID: PMC7417227 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Southern Ocean is one of the most isolated marine ecosystems, characterized by high levels of endemism, diversity, and biomass. Ascidians are among the dominant groups in Antarctic benthic assemblages; thus, recording the evolutionary patterns of this group is crucial to improve our current understanding of the assembly of this polar ocean. We studied the genetic variation within Cnemidocarpa verrucosa sensu lato, one of the most widely distributed abundant and studied ascidian species in Antarctica. Using a mitochondrial and a nuclear gene (COI and 18S), the phylogeography of fifteen populations distributed along the West Antarctic Peninsula and Burdwood Bank/MPA Namuncurá (South American shelf) was characterized, where the distribution of the genetic distance suggested the existence of, at least, two species within nominal C. verrucosa. When reevaluating morphological traits to distinguish between genetically defined species, the presence of a basal disk in one of the genotypes could be a diagnostic morphological trait to differentiate the species. These results are surprising due to the large research that has been carried out with the conspicuous C. verrucosa with no differentiation between species. Furthermore, it provides important tools to distinguish species in the field and laboratory. But also, these results give new insights into patterns of differentiation between closely related species that are distributed in sympatry, where the permeability of species boundaries still needs to be well understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela B. Ruiz
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)CórdobaArgentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y NaturalesDepartamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología, Ecología MarinaUniversidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
| | - Anabela Taverna
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)CórdobaArgentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y NaturalesDepartamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología, Ecología MarinaUniversidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
| | - Natalia Servetto
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)CórdobaArgentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y NaturalesDepartamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología, Ecología MarinaUniversidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
| | - Ricardo Sahade
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)CórdobaArgentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y NaturalesDepartamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología, Ecología MarinaUniversidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
| | - Christoph Held
- Section Functional Ecology, Evolutionary MacroecologyAlfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz‐Zentrum für Polar‐ und MeeresforschungBremerhavenGermany
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29
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Chow WY, Norman BP, Roberts NB, Ranganath LR, Teutloff C, Bittl R, Duer MJ, Gallagher JA, Oschkinat H. Pigmentation Chemistry and Radical-Based Collagen Degradation in Alkaptonuria and Osteoarthritic Cartilage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11937-11942. [PMID: 32219972 PMCID: PMC7383862 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alkaptonuria (AKU) is a rare disease characterized by high levels of homogentisic acid (HGA); patients suffer from tissue ochronosis: dark brown pigmentation, especially of joint cartilage, leading to severe early osteoarthropathy. No molecular mechanism links elevated HGA to ochronosis; the pigment's chemical identity is still not known, nor how it induces joint cartilage degradation. Here we give key insight on HGA-derived pigment composition and collagen disruption in AKU cartilage. Synthetic pigment and pigmented human cartilage tissue both showed hydroquinone-resembling NMR signals. EPR spectroscopy showed that the synthetic pigment contains radicals. Moreover, we observed intrastrand disruption of collagen triple helix in pigmented AKU human cartilage, and in cartilage from patients with osteoarthritis. We propose that collagen degradation can occur via transient glycyl radicals, the formation of which is enhanced in AKU due to the redox environment generated by pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Ying Chow
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V. (FMP)Campus Berlin-Buch, Robert-Rössle-Str. 1013125BerlinGermany
| | - Brendan P. Norman
- Department of Musculoskeletal BiologyInstitute of Ageing & Chronic DiseaseWilliam Henry Duncan BuildingUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL7 8TXUK
| | - Norman B. Roberts
- Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic MedicineRoyal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals TrustLiverpoolL7 8XPUK
| | - Lakshminarayan R. Ranganath
- Department of Musculoskeletal BiologyInstitute of Ageing & Chronic DiseaseWilliam Henry Duncan BuildingUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL7 8TXUK
- Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic MedicineRoyal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals TrustLiverpoolL7 8XPUK
| | - Christian Teutloff
- Freie Universität BerlinFachbereich Physik, Berlin Joint EPR LabArnimallee 1414195BerlinGermany
| | - Robert Bittl
- Freie Universität BerlinFachbereich Physik, Berlin Joint EPR LabArnimallee 1414195BerlinGermany
| | - Melinda J. Duer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - James A. Gallagher
- Department of Musculoskeletal BiologyInstitute of Ageing & Chronic DiseaseWilliam Henry Duncan BuildingUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL7 8TXUK
| | - Hartmut Oschkinat
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V. (FMP)Campus Berlin-Buch, Robert-Rössle-Str. 1013125BerlinGermany
- Freie Universität BerlinFachbereich Biologie, Chemie und PharmazieTakustraße 314195BerlinGermany
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30
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Parbhoo T, Sampson SL, Mouton JM. Recent Developments in the Application of Flow Cytometry to Advance our Understanding of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Physiology and Pathogenesis. Cytometry A 2020; 97:683-693. [PMID: 32437069 PMCID: PMC7496436 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis to adapt and survive within human cells to disseminate to other individuals and cause active disease is poorly understood. Research supports that as M. tuberculosis adapts to stressors encountered in the host, it exhibits variable physiological and metabolic states that are time and niche-dependent. Challenges associated with effective treatment and eradication of tuberculosis (TB) are in part attributed to our lack of understanding of these different mycobacterial phenotypes. This is mainly due to a lack of suitable tools to effectively identify/detect heterogeneous bacterial populations, which may include small, difficult-to-culture subpopulations. Importantly, flow cytometry allows rapid and affordable multiparametric measurements of physical and chemical characteristics of single cells, without the need to preculture cells. Here, we summarize current knowledge of flow cytometry applications that have advanced our understanding of the physiology of M. tuberculosis during TB disease. Specifically, we review how host-associated stressors influence bacterial characteristics such as metabolic activity, membrane potential, redox status and the mycobacterial cell wall. Further, we highlight that flow cytometry offers unprecedented opportunities for insight into bacterial population heterogeneity, which is increasingly appreciated as an important determinant of disease outcome. © 2020 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Parbhoo
- NRF‐DST Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Samantha L. Sampson
- NRF‐DST Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Jacoba M. Mouton
- NRF‐DST Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
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Hofmann J, Fayez S, Scheiner M, Hoffmann M, Oerter S, Appelt‐Menzel A, Maher P, Maurice T, Bringmann G, Decker M. Sterubin: Enantioresolution and Configurational Stability, Enantiomeric Purity in Nature, and Neuroprotective Activity in Vitro and in Vivo. Chemistry 2020; 26:7299-7308. [PMID: 32358806 PMCID: PMC7317536 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological disorder with still no preventive or curative treatment. Flavonoids are phytochemicals with potential therapeutic value. Previous studies described the flavanone sterubin isolated from the Californian plant Eriodictyon californicum as a potent neuroprotectant in several in vitro assays. Herein, the resolution of synthetic racemic sterubin (1) into its two enantiomers, (R)-1 and (S)-1, is described, which has been performed on a chiral chromatographic phase, and their stereochemical assignment online by HPLC-ECD coupling. (R)-1 and (S)-1 showed comparable neuroprotection in vitro with no significant differences. While the pure stereoisomers were configurationally stable in methanol, fast racemization was observed in the presence of culture medium. We also established the occurrence of extracted sterubin as its pure (S)-enantiomer. Moreover, the activity of sterubin (1) was investigated for the first time in vivo, in an AD mouse model. Sterubin (1) showed a significant positive impact on short- and long-term memory at low dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Hofmann
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryInstitute of Pharmacy and Food ChemistryUniversity of WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Shaimaa Fayez
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Department of PharmacognosyFaculty of PharmacyAin-Shams UniversityOrganization of African Unity Street 111566CairoEgypt
| | - Matthias Scheiner
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryInstitute of Pharmacy and Food ChemistryUniversity of WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Matthias Hoffmann
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryInstitute of Pharmacy and Food ChemistryUniversity of WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- MMDN, University of MontpellierINSERM, EPHE, UMR-S119834095MontpellierFrance
| | - Sabrina Oerter
- Department for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUniversity Hospital WürzburgRöntgenring 1197070WürzburgGermany
| | - Antje Appelt‐Menzel
- Department for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUniversity Hospital WürzburgRöntgenring 1197070WürzburgGermany
- Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT)Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISCRöntgenring 1197070WürzburgGermany
| | - Pamela Maher
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies10010 North Torrey Pines Rd.CA92037La JollaUSA
| | - Tangui Maurice
- MMDN, University of MontpellierINSERM, EPHE, UMR-S119834095MontpellierFrance
| | - Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryInstitute of Pharmacy and Food ChemistryUniversity of WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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Abstract
Although the chemistry of elusive tricyanomethane (cyanoform) has been studied during a period of more than 150 years, this compound has very rarely been utilized in the synthesis or modification of heterocycles. Three‐membered heterocycles, such as epoxides, thiirane, aziridines, or 2H‐azirines, are now treated with tricyanomethane, which is generated in situ by heating azidomethylidene‐malonodinitrile in tetrahydrofuran at 45 °C or by adding sulfuric acid to potassium tricyanomethanide. This leads to ring expansion with formation of 2‐(dicyanomethylidene)oxazolidine derivatives or creation of the corresponding thiazolidine, imidazolidine, or imidazoline compounds and opens up a new access to these push–pull‐substituted olefinic products. The regio‐ and stereochemistry of the ring‐enlargement processes are discussed, and the proposed reaction mechanisms were confirmed by using 15N‐labeled substrates. It turns out that different mechanisms are operating; however, tricyanomethanide is always acting as a nitrogen‐centered nucleophile, which is quite unusual if compared to other reactions of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Banert
- Organic ChemistryChemnitz University of TechnologyStrasse der Nationen 6209111ChemnitzGermany
| | - Madhu Chityala
- Organic ChemistryChemnitz University of TechnologyStrasse der Nationen 6209111ChemnitzGermany
| | - Marcus Korb
- Faculty of ScienceSchool of Molecular SciencesThe University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawley, Perth, Western Australia6009Australia
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Amini H, Ban Ž, Ferger M, Lorenzen S, Rauch F, Friedrich A, Crnolatac I, Kenđel A, Miljanić S, Piantanida I, Marder TB. Tetracationic Bis-Triarylborane 1,3-Butadiyne as a Combined Fluorimetric and Raman Probe for Simultaneous and Selective Sensing of Various DNA, RNA, and Proteins. Chemistry 2020; 26:6017-6028. [PMID: 32104942 PMCID: PMC7318631 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A bis-triarylborane tetracation (4-Ar2 B-3,5-Me2 C6 H2 )-C≡C-C≡C-(3,5-Me2 C6 H2 -4-BAr2 [Ar=(2,6-Me2 -4-NMe3 -C6 H2 )+ ] (24+ ) shows distinctly different behaviour in its fluorimetric response than that of our recently published bis-triarylborane 5-(4-Ar2 B-3,5-Me2 C6 H2 )-2,2'-(C4 H2 S)2 -5'-(3,5-Me2 C6 H2 -4-BAr2 ) (34+ ). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data on the neutral bis-triarylborane precursor 2 N confirm its rod-like dumbbell structure, which is shown to be important for DNA/RNA targeting and also for BSA protein binding. Fluorimetric titrations with DNA/RNA/BSA revealed the very strong affinity of 24+ and indicated the importance of the properties of the linker connecting the two triarylboranes. Using the butadiyne rather than a bithiophene linker resulted in an opposite emission effect (quenching vs. enhancement), and 24+ bound to BSA 100 times stronger than 34+ . Moreover, 24+ interacted strongly with ss-RNA, and circular dichroism (CD) results suggest ss-RNA chain-wrapping around the rod-like bis-triarylborane dumbbell structure like a thread around a spindle, a very unusual mode of binding of ss-RNA with small molecules. Furthermore, 24+ yielded strong Raman/SERS signals, allowing DNA or protein detection at ca. 10 nm concentrations. The above observations, combined with low cytotoxicity, efficient human cell uptake and organelle-selective accumulation make such compounds intriguing novel lead structures for bio-oriented, dual fluorescence/Raman-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashem Amini
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgWürzburg97074Germany
| | - Željka Ban
- Laboratory for Study of Interactions of BiomacromoleculesDivision of Organic Chemistry & BiochemistryRuđer Bošković InstituteZagrebHR-10000Croatia
| | - Matthias Ferger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgWürzburg97074Germany
| | - Sabine Lorenzen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgWürzburg97074Germany
| | - Florian Rauch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgWürzburg97074Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgWürzburg97074Germany
| | - Ivo Crnolatac
- Laboratory for Study of Interactions of BiomacromoleculesDivision of Organic Chemistry & BiochemistryRuđer Bošković InstituteZagrebHR-10000Croatia
| | - Adriana Kenđel
- Division of Analytical ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceUniversity of ZagrebZagrebHR-10000Croatia
| | - Snežana Miljanić
- Division of Analytical ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceUniversity of ZagrebZagrebHR-10000Croatia
| | - Ivo Piantanida
- Laboratory for Study of Interactions of BiomacromoleculesDivision of Organic Chemistry & BiochemistryRuđer Bošković InstituteZagrebHR-10000Croatia
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgWürzburg97074Germany
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Wyżga P, Veremchuk I, Bobnar M, Koželj P, Klenner S, Pöttgen R, Leithe‐Jasper A, Gumeniuk R. Structural Peculiarities and Thermoelectric Study of Iron Indium Thiospinel. Chemistry 2020; 26:5245-5256. [PMID: 31943404 PMCID: PMC7216953 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The homogeneity range of ternary iron indium thiospinel at 873 K was investigated. A detailed study was focused on two distinct series (y=z): 1) a previously reported charge-balanced (In0.67+0.33y □0.33-0.33y )tetr [In2-z Fez ]oct S4 (A1-series; □ stands for vacancy; the abbreviations "tetr" and "oct" indicate atoms occupying tetrahedral 8a and octahedral 16d sites, respectively) and 2) a new charge-unbalanced (In0.67+y □0.33-y )tetr [In2-z Fez ]oct S4 (A2-series). Fe atoms were confirmed to exclusively occupy an octahedral position in both series. An unusual reduction of the unit cell parameter with increasing Fe content is explained by differences in the ionic radii between Fe and In, as well as by an additional electrostatic attraction originating from charge imbalance (latter only in A2-series). The studied compound is an n-type semiconductor, and its charge carrier concentration increases or decreases for larger Fe content within the A1- and A2-series, respectively. The thermal conductivity κtot is significantly reduced upon increasing vacancy concentration, whereas the change of power factor is insufficient to drastically improve the thermoelectric figure of merit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Wyżga
- Institut für Experimentelle PhysikTU Bergakademie FreibergLeipziger Strasse 2309599FreibergGermany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester StoffeNöthnitzer Strasse 4001187DresdenGermany
| | - Igor Veremchuk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester StoffeNöthnitzer Strasse 4001187DresdenGermany
| | - Matej Bobnar
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester StoffeNöthnitzer Strasse 4001187DresdenGermany
| | - Primož Koželj
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester StoffeNöthnitzer Strasse 4001187DresdenGermany
| | - Steffen Klenner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstrasse 348149MünsterGermany
| | - Rainer Pöttgen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstrasse 348149MünsterGermany
| | - Andreas Leithe‐Jasper
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester StoffeNöthnitzer Strasse 4001187DresdenGermany
| | - Roman Gumeniuk
- Institut für Experimentelle PhysikTU Bergakademie FreibergLeipziger Strasse 2309599FreibergGermany
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Kretzschmar P, Auld H, Boag P, Gansloßer U, Scott C, Van Coeverden de Groot PJ, Courtiol A. Mate choice, reproductive success and inbreeding in white rhinoceros: New insights for conservation management. Evol Appl 2020; 13:699-714. [PMID: 32211061 PMCID: PMC7086106 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving our sparse knowledge of the mating and reproductive behaviour of white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum Burchell, 1817) is essential for the effective conservation of this iconic species. By combining morphological, physiological and habitat data with paternity assignments of 104 known mother-offspring pairs collected over a period of 13 years, we provide the most comprehensive analysis of the mating system in this species. We show that while the overall mating system was promiscuous, and both males and females produced more offspring when mating with several partners, half of all females with multiple offspring were monogamous. Additionally, we find that mating and reproductive success varied significantly among territorial males in two independent sets of males. In females, however, variation in the mating and the reproductive success was not larger than expected by random demographic fluctuations. Horn size, testosterone metabolite concentration, territory size, habitat openness and the volume of preferred food within the territory did not seem to influence male mating or reproductive success. Moreover, there was no sign of inbreeding avoidance: females tended to mate more frequently with closely related males, and one daughter produced a progeny with her father. The lack of inbreeding avoidance, in combination with the skew in male reproductive success, the partial monogamy in females and the territorial-based mating system, jeopardizes the already low genetic variation in the species. Considering that the majority of populations are restricted to fenced reserves and private farms, we recommend taking preventive measures that aim to reduce inbreeding in white rhinoceros. A video abstract can be viewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kretzschmar
- Department of Evolutionary EcologyLeibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife ResearchBerlinGermany
| | - Hailie Auld
- Department of BiologyQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Peter Boag
- Department of BiologyQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Udo Gansloßer
- Zoological Institute and Museum of Greifswald UniversityGreifswaldGermany
- Institute of Zoology and Evolutionary ResearchFriedrich Schiller UniversityJenaGermany
| | - Candace Scott
- Department of BiologyQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
- Department of Applied Sciences and ComputingSt. Lawrence CollegeKingstonOntarioCanada
| | | | - Alexandre Courtiol
- Department of Evolutionary GeneticsLeibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife ResearchBerlinGermany
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Aleksovska A, Lönnecke P, Addicoat MA, Gläser R, Hey‐Hawkins E. Catalytic Activity Towards Hydrogen Evolution Dependent of the Degree of Conjugation and Absorption of Six Organic Chromophores. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:405-408. [PMID: 32257749 PMCID: PMC7110142 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated materials can, in many cases, absorb visible light because of their delocalized π electron system. Such materials have been widely used as a photoactive layers in organic photovoltaic devices and as photosensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells. Additionally, these materials have been reported for applications in solar fuel production, working as photocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The synthesis of three flexible vinyl groups-containing chromophores is reported. The catalytic activity towards hydrogen evolution of these chromophores has been investigated and compared to their non-vinyl-containing analogues. The catalytic effect was confirmed using two different approaches: electrochemical, using the chromophores to modify a working electrode, and photocatalytic, using the chromophores combined with platinum nanoparticles. A relationship between the degree of conjugation and the catalytic activity of the chromophores has been observed with the electrochemical method, while a relationship between the UV absorption in the solid state and the photocatalytic effect with platinum nanoparticles was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Aleksovska
- Fakultät für Chemie und MineralogieInstitut für Anorganische ChemieJohannisallee 2904103LeipzigGermany
| | - Peter Lönnecke
- Fakultät für Chemie und MineralogieInstitut für Anorganische ChemieJohannisallee 2904103LeipzigGermany
| | - Matthew A. Addicoat
- School of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityClifton LaneNottinghamNG11 8NSUK
| | - Roger Gläser
- Institute of Chemical TechnologyUniversität LeipzigLinnéstr. 304103LeipzigGermany
| | - Evamarie Hey‐Hawkins
- Fakultät für Chemie und MineralogieInstitut für Anorganische ChemieJohannisallee 2904103LeipzigGermany
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Régio Brambilla C, Veselinović T, Rajkumar R, Mauler J, Orth L, Ruch A, Ramkiran S, Heekeren K, Kawohl W, Wyss C, Kops ER, Scheins J, Tellmann L, Boers F, Neumaier B, Ermert J, Herzog H, Langen K, Jon Shah N, Lerche C, Neuner I. mGluR5 receptor availability is associated with lower levels of negative symptoms and better cognition in male patients with chronic schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:2762-2781. [PMID: 32150317 PMCID: PMC7294054 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Consistent findings postulate disturbed glutamatergic function (more specifically a hypofunction of the ionotropic NMDA receptors) as an important pathophysiologic mechanism in schizophrenia. However, the role of the metabotropic glutamatergic receptors type 5 (mGluR5) in this disease remains unclear. In this study, we investigated their significance (using [11C]ABP688) for psychopathology and cognition in male patients with chronic schizophrenia and healthy controls. In the patient group, lower mGluR5 binding potential (BPND) values in the left temporal cortex and caudate were associated with higher general symptom levels (negative and depressive symptoms), lower levels of global functioning and worse cognitive performance. At the same time, in both groups, mGluR5 BPND were significantly lower in smokers (F[27,1] = 15.500; p = .001), but without significant differences between the groups. Our findings provide support for the concept that the impaired function of mGluR5 underlies the symptoms of schizophrenia. They further supply a new perspective on the complex relationship between tobacco addiction and schizophrenia by identifying glutamatergic neurotransmission—in particularly mGluR5—as a possible connection to a shared vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Régio Brambilla
- INM‐4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm‐Johnen‐StraßeInstitute of Neuroscience and MedicineJülichGermany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Tanja Veselinović
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Ravichandran Rajkumar
- INM‐4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm‐Johnen‐StraßeInstitute of Neuroscience and MedicineJülichGermany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
- JARA – BRAIN – Translational MedicineAachenGermany
| | - Jörg Mauler
- INM‐4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm‐Johnen‐StraßeInstitute of Neuroscience and MedicineJülichGermany
| | - Linda Orth
- INM‐4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm‐Johnen‐StraßeInstitute of Neuroscience and MedicineJülichGermany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Andrej Ruch
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Shukti Ramkiran
- INM‐4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm‐Johnen‐StraßeInstitute of Neuroscience and MedicineJülichGermany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Karsten Heekeren
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsUniversity Hospital of PsychiatryZürichSwitzerland
| | - Wolfram Kawohl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsUniversity Hospital of PsychiatryZürichSwitzerland
| | - Christine Wyss
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsUniversity Hospital of PsychiatryZürichSwitzerland
| | - Elena Rota Kops
- INM‐4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm‐Johnen‐StraßeInstitute of Neuroscience and MedicineJülichGermany
| | - Jürgen Scheins
- INM‐4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm‐Johnen‐StraßeInstitute of Neuroscience and MedicineJülichGermany
| | - Lutz Tellmann
- INM‐4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm‐Johnen‐StraßeInstitute of Neuroscience and MedicineJülichGermany
| | - Frank Boers
- INM‐4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm‐Johnen‐StraßeInstitute of Neuroscience and MedicineJülichGermany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- INM‐5, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm‐Johnen‐StraßeInstitute of Neuroscience and MedicineJülichGermany
| | - Johannes Ermert
- INM‐5, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm‐Johnen‐StraßeInstitute of Neuroscience and MedicineJülichGermany
| | - Hans Herzog
- INM‐4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm‐Johnen‐StraßeInstitute of Neuroscience and MedicineJülichGermany
| | - Karl‐Josef Langen
- INM‐4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm‐Johnen‐StraßeInstitute of Neuroscience and MedicineJülichGermany
- JARA – BRAIN – Translational MedicineAachenGermany
- Department of Nuclear MedicineRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - N. Jon Shah
- INM‐4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm‐Johnen‐StraßeInstitute of Neuroscience and MedicineJülichGermany
- JARA – BRAIN – Translational MedicineAachenGermany
- INM‐11, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm‐Johnen‐StraßeInstitute of Neuroscience and MedicineJülichGermany
- Department of NeurologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Christoph Lerche
- INM‐4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm‐Johnen‐StraßeInstitute of Neuroscience and MedicineJülichGermany
| | - Irene Neuner
- INM‐4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm‐Johnen‐StraßeInstitute of Neuroscience and MedicineJülichGermany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
- JARA – BRAIN – Translational MedicineAachenGermany
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Senn P, Mina A, Volkenstein S, Kranebitter V, Oshima K, Heller S. Progenitor Cells from the Adult Human Inner Ear. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 303:461-470. [PMID: 31489779 PMCID: PMC7064943 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Loss of inner ear hair cells leads to incurable balance and hearing disorders because these sensory cells do not effectively regenerate in humans. A potential starting point for therapy would be the stimulation of quiescent progenitor cells within the damaged inner ear. Inner ear progenitor/stem cells, which have been described in rodent inner ears, would be principal candidates for such an approach. Despite the identification of progenitor cell populations in the human fetal cochlea and in the adult human spiral ganglion, no proliferative cell populations with the capacity to generate hair cells have been reported in vestibular and cochlear tissues of adult humans. The present study aimed at filling this gap by isolating colony-forming progenitor cells from surgery- and autopsy-derived adult human temporal bones in order to generate inner ear cell types in vitro. Sphere-forming and mitogen-responding progenitor cells were isolated from vestibular and cochlear tissues. Clonal spheres grown from adult human utricle and cochlear duct were propagated for a limited number of generations. When differentiated in absence of mitogens, the utricle-derived spheres robustly gave rise to hair cell-like cells, as well as to cells expressing supporting cell-, neuron-, and glial markers, indicating that the adult human utricle harbors multipotent progenitor cells. Spheres derived from the adult human cochlear duct did not give rise to hair cell-like or neuronal cell types, which is an indication that human cochlear cells have limited proliferative potential but lack the ability to differentiate into major inner ear cell types. Anat Rec, 303:461-470, 2020. © 2019 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Senn
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Service ORL & CCFUniversity hospital of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
- University Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryInselspitalBernSwitzerland
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryStanford UniversityPalo AltoCalifornia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyStanford UniversityPalo AltoCalifornia
| | - Amir Mina
- University Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryInselspitalBernSwitzerland
- University Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryAlexandria Faculty of MedicineAlexandriaEgypt
| | - Stefan Volkenstein
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryStanford UniversityPalo AltoCalifornia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyStanford UniversityPalo AltoCalifornia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryRuhr‐University of Bochum, St. Elisabeth‐HospitalBochumGermany
| | - Veronika Kranebitter
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryStanford UniversityPalo AltoCalifornia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyStanford UniversityPalo AltoCalifornia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Kazuo Oshima
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryStanford UniversityPalo AltoCalifornia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyStanford UniversityPalo AltoCalifornia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaOsakaJapan
| | - Stefan Heller
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryStanford UniversityPalo AltoCalifornia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyStanford UniversityPalo AltoCalifornia
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Ban Ž, Griesbeck S, Tomić S, Nitsch J, Marder TB, Piantanida I. A Quadrupolar Bis-Triarylborane Chromophore as a Fluorimetric and Chirooptic Probe for Simultaneous and Selective Sensing of DNA, RNA and Proteins. Chemistry 2020; 26:2195-2203. [PMID: 31756013 PMCID: PMC7065195 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A water-soluble tetracationic quadrupolar bis-triarylborane chromophore showed strong binding to ds-DNA, ds-RNA, ss-RNA, as well as to the naturally most abundant protein, BSA. The novel dye can distinguish between DNA/RNA and BSA by fluorescence emission separated by Δ ν ˜ =3600 cm-1 , allowing for the simultaneous quantification of DNA/RNA and protein (BSA) in a mixture. The applicability of such fluorimetric differentiation in vitro was demonstrated, strongly supporting a protein-like target as a dominant binding site of 1 in cells. Moreover, our dye also bound strongly to ss-RNA, with the unusual rod-like structure of the dye, decorated by four positive charges at its termini and having a hydrophobic core, acting as a spindle for wrapping A, C and U ss-RNAs, but not poly G, the latter preserving its secondary structure. To the best of our knowledge, such unmatched, multifaceted binding activity of a small molecule toward DNA, RNA, and proteins and the selectivity of its fluorimetric and chirooptic response makes the quadrupolar bis-triarylborane a novel chromophore/fluorophore moiety for biochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Željka Ban
- Division of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryRuder Boškovic InstituteZagrebCroatia
| | - Stefanie Griesbeck
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Sanja Tomić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryRuder Boškovic InstituteZagrebCroatia
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Piantanida
- Division of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryRuder Boškovic InstituteZagrebCroatia
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Kuehlwein JM, Borsche M, Korir PJ, Risch F, Mueller A, Hübner MP, Hildner K, Hoerauf A, Dunay IR, Schumak B. Protection of Batf3-deficient mice from experimental cerebral malaria correlates with impaired cytotoxic T-cell responses and immune regulation. Immunology 2020; 159:193-204. [PMID: 31631339 PMCID: PMC6954726 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive inflammatory immune responses during infections with Plasmodium parasites are responsible for severe complications such as cerebral malaria (CM) that can be studied experimentally in mice. Dendritic cells (DCs) activate cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells and initiate immune responses against the parasites. Batf3-/- mice lack a DC subset, which efficiently induces strong CD8 T-cell responses by cross-presentation of exogenous antigens. Here we show that Batf3-/- mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) were protected from experimental CM (ECM), characterized by a stable blood-brain barrier (BBB) and significantly less infiltrated peripheral immune cells in the brain. Importantly, the absence of ECM in Batf3-/- mice correlated with attenuated responses of cytotoxic T-cells, as their parasite-specific lytic activity as well as the production of interferon gamma and granzyme B were significantly decreased. Remarkably, spleens of ECM-protected Batf3-/- mice had elevated levels of regulatory immune cells and interleukin 10. Thus, protection from ECM in PbA-infected Batf3-/- mice was associated with the absence of strong CD8+ T-cell activity and induction of immunoregulatory mediators and cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/deficiency
- Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/genetics
- Blood-Brain Barrier/immunology
- Blood-Brain Barrier/parasitology
- Brain/immunology
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/parasitology
- Cells, Cultured
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/parasitology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Granzymes/immunology
- Granzymes/metabolism
- Host-Parasite Interactions
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-10/immunology
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Malaria, Cerebral/immunology
- Malaria, Cerebral/metabolism
- Malaria, Cerebral/parasitology
- Malaria, Cerebral/prevention & control
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Plasmodium berghei/immunology
- Plasmodium berghei/pathogenicity
- Repressor Proteins/deficiency
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
- Spleen/parasitology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/parasitology
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina M. Kuehlwein
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and ParasitologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Max Borsche
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and ParasitologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Patricia J. Korir
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and ParasitologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Frederic Risch
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and ParasitologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Ann‐Kristin Mueller
- Parasitology UnitCentre for Infectious DiseasesHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
- DZIF German Center for Infection ResearchPartner Site HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Marc P. Hübner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and ParasitologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Kai Hildner
- Medical Department 1University Hospital ErlangenErlangenGermany
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and ParasitologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
- DZIF German Center for Infection ResearchPartner Site Bonn‐CologneBonnGermany
| | - Ildiko Rita Dunay
- Institute of Inflammation and NeurodegenerationUniversity of MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
| | - Beatrix Schumak
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and ParasitologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
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Jarquín‐Díaz VH, Balard A, Mácová A, Jost J, Roth von Szepesbéla T, Berktold K, Tank S, Kvičerová J, Heitlinger E. Generalist Eimeria species in rodents: Multilocus analyses indicate inadequate resolution of established markers. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:1378-1389. [PMID: 32076521 PMCID: PMC7029063 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular parasites of the genus Eimeria are described as tissue/host-specific. Phylogenetic classification of rodent Eimeria suggested that some species have a broader host range than previously assumed. We explore whether Eimeria spp. infecting house mice are misclassified by the most widely used molecular markers due to a lack of resolution, or whether, instead, these parasite species are indeed infecting multiple host species.With the commonly used markers (18S/COI), we recovered monophyletic clades of E. falciformis and E. vermiformis from Mus that included E. apionodes identified in other rodent host species (Apodemus spp., Myodes glareolus, and Microtus arvalis). A lack of internal resolution in these clades could suggest the existence of a species complex with a wide host range infecting murid and cricetid rodents. We question, however, the power of COI and 18S markers to provide adequate resolution for assessing host specificity. In addition to the rarely used marker ORF470 from the apicoplast genome, we present multilocus genotyping as an alternative approach. Phylogenetic analysis of 35 nuclear markers differentiated E. falciformis from house mice from isolates from Apodemus hosts. Isolates of E. vermiformis from Mus are still found in clusters interspersed with non-Mus isolates, even with this high-resolution data.In conclusion, we show that species-level resolution should not be assumed for COI and 18S markers in coccidia. Host-parasite cospeciation at shallow phylogenetic nodes, as well as contemporary coccidian host ranges more generally, is still open questions that need to be addressed using novel genetic markers with higher resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Hugo Jarquín‐Díaz
- Department of Molecular ParasitologyInstitute for BiologyHumboldt University Berlin (HU)BerlinGermany
- Leibniz‐Institut für Zoo‐ und Wildtierforschung (IZW) im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.VBerlinGermany
| | - Alice Balard
- Department of Molecular ParasitologyInstitute for BiologyHumboldt University Berlin (HU)BerlinGermany
- Leibniz‐Institut für Zoo‐ und Wildtierforschung (IZW) im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.VBerlinGermany
| | - Anna Mácová
- Department of ParasitologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Jenny Jost
- Department of Molecular ParasitologyInstitute for BiologyHumboldt University Berlin (HU)BerlinGermany
| | - Tabea Roth von Szepesbéla
- Department of Molecular ParasitologyInstitute for BiologyHumboldt University Berlin (HU)BerlinGermany
| | - Karin Berktold
- Department of Molecular ParasitologyInstitute for BiologyHumboldt University Berlin (HU)BerlinGermany
| | - Steffen Tank
- Department of Molecular ParasitologyInstitute for BiologyHumboldt University Berlin (HU)BerlinGermany
| | - Jana Kvičerová
- Department of ParasitologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Emanuel Heitlinger
- Department of Molecular ParasitologyInstitute for BiologyHumboldt University Berlin (HU)BerlinGermany
- Leibniz‐Institut für Zoo‐ und Wildtierforschung (IZW) im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.VBerlinGermany
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Schiedung M, Tregurtha CS, Beare MH, Thomas SM, Don A. Deep soil flipping increases carbon stocks of New Zealand grasslands. Glob Chang Biol 2019; 25:2296-2309. [PMID: 30737870 PMCID: PMC6850463 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Sequestration of soil organic carbon (SOC) has been recognized as an opportunity to off-set global carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions. Flipping (full inversion to 1-3 m) is a practice used on New Zealand's South Island West Coast to eliminate water-logging in highly podzolized sandy soils. Flipping results in burial of SOC formed in surface soil horizons into the subsoil and the transfer of subsoil material low in SOC to the "new" topsoil. The aims of this study were to quantify changes in the storage and stability of SOC over a 20-year period following flipping of high-productive pasture grassland. Topsoils (0-30 cm) from sites representing a chronosequence of flipping (3-20 years old) were sampled (2005/07) and re-sampled (2017) to assess changes in topsoil carbon stocks. Deeper samples (30-150 cm) were also collected (2017) to evaluate the changes in stocks of SOC previously buried by flipping. Density fractionation was used to determine SOC stability in recent and buried topsoils. Total SOC stocks (0-150 cm) increased significantly by 69 ± 15% (179 ± 40 Mg SOC ha-1 ) over 20 years following flipping. Topsoil burial caused a one-time sequestration of 160 ± 14 Mg SOC ha-1 (30-150 cm). The top 0-30 cm accumulated 3.6 Mg SOC ha-1 year-1 . The chronosequence and re-sampling revealed SOC accumulation rates of 1.2-1.8 Mg SOC ha-1 year-1 in the new surface soil (0-15 cm) and a SOC deficit of 36 ± 5% after 20 years. Flipped subsoils contained up to 32% labile SOC (compared to <1% in un-flipped subsoils) thus buried SOC was preserved. This study confirms that burial of SOC and the exposure of SOC depleted subsoil results in an overall increase of SOC stocks of the whole soil profile and long-term SOC preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Schiedung
- Thünen Institute of Climate‐Smart AgricultureBraunschweigGermany
| | - Craig S. Tregurtha
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research LimitedLincolnNew Zealand
| | - Michael H. Beare
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research LimitedLincolnNew Zealand
| | - Steve M. Thomas
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research LimitedLincolnNew Zealand
| | - Axel Don
- Thünen Institute of Climate‐Smart AgricultureBraunschweigGermany
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