1
|
Ji L, Riese S, Schmiedel A, Holzapfel M, Fest M, Nitsch J, Curchod BFE, Friedrich A, Wu L, Al Mamari HH, Hammer S, Pflaum J, Fox MA, Tozer DJ, Finze M, Lambert C, Marder TB. Thermodynamic equilibrium between locally excited and charge-transfer states through thermally activated charge transfer in 1-(pyren-2'-yl)- o-carborane. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5205-5219. [PMID: 35655553 PMCID: PMC9093154 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06867a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversible conversion between excited-states plays an important role in many photophysical phenomena. Using 1-(pyren-2'-yl)-o-carborane as a model, we studied the photoinduced reversible charge-transfer (CT) process and the thermodynamic equilibrium between the locally-excited (LE) state and CT state, by combining steady state, time-resolved, and temperature-dependent fluorescence spectroscopy, fs- and ns-transient absorption, and DFT and LR-TDDFT calculations. Our results show that the energy gaps and energy barriers between the LE, CT, and a non-emissive 'mixed' state of 1-(pyren-2'-yl)-o-carborane are very small, and all three excited states are accessible at room temperature. The internal-conversion and reverse internal-conversion between LE and CT states are significantly faster than the radiative decay, and the two states have the same lifetimes and are in thermodynamic equilibrium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ji
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an Shaanxi China .,Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Stefan Riese
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alexander Schmiedel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Maximillian Fest
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Basile F E Curchod
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Lin Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Hamad H Al Mamari
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany .,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University PO Box 36, Al Khoudh 123 Muscat Sultanate of Oman
| | - Sebastian Hammer
- Experimentelle Physik VI, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jens Pflaum
- Experimentelle Physik VI, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Mark A Fox
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - David J Tozer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Maik Finze
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jia X, Nitsch J, Wu Z, Friedrich A, Krebs J, Krummenacher I, Fantuzzi F, Braunschweig H, Moos M, Lambert C, Engels B, Marder TB. One- and two-electron reduction of triarylborane-based helical donor-acceptor compounds. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11864-11872. [PMID: 34659727 PMCID: PMC8442707 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02409d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
One-electron chemical reduction of 10-(dimesitylboryl)-N,N-di-p-tolylbenzo[c]phenanthrene-4-amine (3-B(Mes)2-[4]helix-9-N(p-Tol)2) 1 and 13-(dimesitylboryl)-N,N-di-p-tolyldibenzo[c,g]phenanthrene-8-amine (3-B(Mes)2-[5]helix-12-N(p-Tol)2) 2 gives rise to monoanions with extensive delocalization over the annulated helicene rings and the boron p z orbital. Two-electron chemical reduction of 1 and 2 produces open-shell biradicaloid dianions with temperature-dependent population of the triplet states due to small singlet-triplet gaps. These results have been confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, EPR and UV/vis-NIR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqing Jia
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Zhu Wu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Johannes Krebs
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Michael Moos
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
He J, Rauch F, Friedrich A, Krebs J, Krummenacher I, Bertermann R, Nitsch J, Braunschweig H, Finze M, Marder TB. Phenylpyridyl‐Fused Boroles: A Unique Coordination Mode and Weak B−N Coordination‐Induced Dual Fluorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang He
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Florian Rauch
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Johannes Krebs
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
He J, Rauch F, Friedrich A, Krebs J, Krummenacher I, Bertermann R, Nitsch J, Braunschweig H, Finze M, Marder TB. Phenylpyridyl-Fused Boroles: A Unique Coordination Mode and Weak B-N Coordination-Induced Dual Fluorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4833-4840. [PMID: 33231909 PMCID: PMC7986225 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Using 4-phenylpyridine or 2-phenylpyridine in place of biphenyl, two electron-poor phenylpyridyl-fused boroles, [TipPBB1]4 and TipPBB2 were prepared. [TipPBB1]4 adopts a unique coordination mode and forms a tetramer with a cavity in both the solid state and solution. The boron center of TipPBB2 is 4-coordinate in the solid state but the system dissociates in solution, leading to 3-coordinate borole species. Compared to its borafluorene analogues, the electron-accepting ability of TipPBB2 is largely enhanced by the pyridyl group. TipPBB2 exhibits dual fluorescence in solution due to an equilibrium between free TipPBB2 and a weak intermolecular coordination adduct with a second molecule. This equilibrium was further investigated by low-temperature NMR spectroscopy and photophysical studies. Theoretical studies indicate that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of TipPBB2 localizes at the Tip group, in contrast to its borafluorene derivatives, wherein the HOMOs are localized on the borafluorene cores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang He
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Florian Rauch
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Johannes Krebs
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kole GK, Merz J, Amar A, Fontaine B, Boucekkine A, Nitsch J, Lorenzen S, Friedrich A, Krummenacher I, Košćak M, Braunschweig H, Piantanida I, Halet J, Müller‐Buschbaum K, Marder TB. 2- and 2,7-Substituted para-N-Methylpyridinium Pyrenes: Syntheses, Molecular and Electronic Structures, Photophysical, Electrochemical, and Spectroelectrochemical Properties and Binding to Double-Stranded (ds) DNA. Chemistry 2021; 27:2837-2853. [PMID: 33231335 PMCID: PMC7898908 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Two N-methylpyridinium compounds and analogous N-protonated salts of 2- and 2,7-substituted 4-pyridyl-pyrene compounds were synthesised and their crystal structures, photophysical properties both in solution and in the solid state, electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties were studied. Upon methylation or protonation, the emission maxima are significantly bathochromically shifted compared to the neutral compounds, although the absorption maxima remain almost unchanged. As a result, the cationic compounds show very large apparent Stokes shifts of up to 7200 cm-1 . The N-methylpyridinium compounds have a single reduction at ca. -1.5 V vs. Fc/Fc+ in MeCN. While the reduction process was reversible for the 2,7-disubstituted compound, it was irreversible for the mono-substituted one. Experimental findings are complemented by DFT and TD-DFT calculations. Furthermore, the N-methylpyridinium compounds show strong interactions with calf thymus (ct)-DNA, presumably by intercalation, which paves the way for further applications of these multi-functional compounds as potential DNA-bioactive agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Kumar Kole
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Engineering and TechnologySRM Institute of Science and TechnologySRM NagarKattankulathurTamil Nadu603203India
| | - Julia Merz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Anissa Amar
- Département de ChimieFaculté des SciencesUniversité Mouloud Mammeri15000Tizi-OuzouAlgeria
| | - Bruno Fontaine
- Univ RennesEcole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de RennesCNRSInstitut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes UMR 622635000RennesFrance
| | - Abdou Boucekkine
- Univ RennesEcole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de RennesCNRSInstitut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes UMR 622635000RennesFrance
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Sabine Lorenzen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Marta Košćak
- Division of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryRuđer Bošković Institute10000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Piantanida
- Division of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryRuđer Bošković Institute10000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Jean‐François Halet
- Univ RennesEcole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de RennesCNRSInstitut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes UMR 622635000RennesFrance
| | - Klaus Müller‐Buschbaum
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieJustus-Liebig-Universität GießenHeinrich-Buff-Ring 1735392GießenGermany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tian YM, Guo XN, Krummenacher I, Wu Z, Nitsch J, Braunschweig H, Radius U, Marder TB. Visible-Light-Induced Ni-Catalyzed Radical Borylation of Chloroarenes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18231-18242. [PMID: 33026223 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A highly selective and general photoinduced C-Cl borylation protocol that employs [Ni(IMes)2] (IMes = 1,3-dimesitylimidazoline-2-ylidene) for the radical borylation of chloroarenes is reported. This photoinduced system operates with visible light (400 nm) and achieves borylation of a wide range of chloroarenes with B2pin2 at room temperature in excellent yields and with high selectivity, thereby demonstrating its broad utility and functional group tolerance. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the borylation reactions proceed via a radical process. EPR studies demonstrate that [Ni(IMes)2] undergoes very fast chlorine atom abstraction from aryl chlorides to give [NiI(IMes)2Cl] and aryl radicals. Control experiments indicate that light promotes the reaction of [NiI(IMes)2Cl] with aryl chlorides generating additional aryl radicals and [NiII(IMes)2Cl2]. The aryl radicals react with an anionic sp2-sp3 diborane [B2pin2(OMe)]- formed from B2pin2 and KOMe to yield the corresponding borylation product and the [Bpin(OMe)]•- radical anion, which reduces [NiII(IMes)2Cl2] under irradiation to regenerate [NiI(IMes)2Cl] and [Ni(IMes)2] for the next catalytic cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ming Tian
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Xiao-Ning Guo
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Zhu Wu
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu Z, Nitsch J, Schuster J, Friedrich A, Edkins K, Loebnitz M, Dinkelbach F, Stepanenko V, Würthner F, Marian CM, Ji L, Marder TB. Persistent Room Temperature Phosphorescence from Triarylboranes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17137-17144. [PMID: 32573931 PMCID: PMC7540320 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Achieving highly efficient phosphorescence in purely organic luminophors at room temperature remains a major challenge due to slow intersystem crossing (ISC) rates in combination with effective non-radiative processes in those systems. Most room temperature phosphorescent (RTP) organic materials have O- or N-lone pairs leading to low lying (n, π*) and (π, π*) excited states which accelerate kisc through El-Sayed's rule. Herein, we report the first persistent RTP with lifetimes up to 0.5 s from simple triarylboranes which have no lone pairs. RTP is only observed in the crystalline state and in highly doped PMMA films which are indicative of aggregation induced emission (AIE). Detailed crystal structure analysis suggested that intermolecular interactions are important for efficient RTP. Furthermore, photophysical studies of the isolated molecules in a frozen glass, in combination with DFT/MRCI calculations, show that (σ, B p)→(π, B p) transitions accelerate the ISC process. This work provides a new approach for the design of RTP materials without (n, π*) transitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Julia Schuster
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Katharina Edkins
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- School of Health SciencesThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Marcel Loebnitz
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und ComputerchemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstr. 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Fabian Dinkelbach
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und ComputerchemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstr. 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Christel M. Marian
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und ComputerchemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstr. 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Lei Ji
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) &Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE)Northwestern Polytechnical University127 West Youyi Road710072Xi'anChina
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Merz J, Dietrich L, Nitsch J, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Moos M, Mims D, Lambert C, Marder TB. Synthesis, Photophysical and Electronic Properties of Mono-, Di-, and Tri-Amino-Substituted Ortho-Perylenes, and Comparison to the Tetra-Substituted Derivative. Chemistry 2020; 26:12050-12059. [PMID: 32329914 PMCID: PMC7540539 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized a series of new mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-substituted perylene derivatives with strong bis(para-methoxyphenyl)amine (DPA) donors at the uncommon 2,5,8,11-positions. The properties of our new donor-substituted perylenes were studied in detail to establish a structure-property relationship. Interesting trends and unusual properties are observed for this series of new perylene derivatives, such as a decreasing charge transfer (CT) character with increasing number of DPA moieties and individual reversible oxidations for each DPA moiety. Thus, (DPA)-Per possesses one reversible oxidation while (DPA)4 -Per has four. The mono- and di-substituted derivatives display unusually large Stokes shifts not previously reported for perylenes. Furthermore, transient absorption measurements of the new derivatives reveal an excited state with lifetimes of several hundred microseconds, which sensitizes singlet oxygen with quantum yields of up to 0.83.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Merz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &, Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Lena Dietrich
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &, Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &, Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &, Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &, Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Michael Moos
- Institut für Organische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - David Mims
- Institut für Organische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &, Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Schwen L, Nitsch J, Bauer S, Bertram S, Goetz M, Hamacher R, Hardes J, Homeyer A, Schacherer D, Streitbürger A, Höfener H, Schildhaus HU. 1659P AI-based grading approach identifies FNCLCC grade 3 soft tissue sarcomas. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
10
|
Krahfuß MJ, Nitsch J, Bickelhaupt FM, Marder TB, Radius U. N-Heterocyclic Silylenes as Ligands in Transition Metal Carbonyl Chemistry: Nature of Their Bonding and Supposed Innocence. Chemistry 2020; 26:11276-11292. [PMID: 32233000 PMCID: PMC7497151 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A study on the reactivity of the N-heterocyclic silylene Dipp2 NHSi (1,3-bis(diisopropylphenyl)-1,3-diaza-2-silacyclopent-4-en-2-yliden) with the transition metal complexes [Ni(CO)4 ], [M(CO)6 ] (M=Cr, Mo, W), [Mn(CO)5 (Br)] and [(η5 -C5 H5 )Fe(CO)2 (I)] is reported. We demonstrate that N-heterocyclic silylenes, the higher homologues of the now ubiquitous NHC ligands, show a remarkably different behavior in coordination chemistry compared to NHC ligands. Calculations on the electronic features of these ligands revealed significant differences in the frontier orbital region which lead to some peculiarities of the coordination chemistry of silylenes, as demonstrated by the synthesis of the dinuclear, NHSi-bridged complex [{Ni(CO)2 (μ-Dipp2 NHSi)}2 ] (2), complexes [M(CO)5 (Dipp2 NHSi)] (M=Cr 3, Mo 4, W 5), [Mn(CO)3 (Dipp2 NHSi)2 (Br)] (9) and [(η5 -C5 H5 )Fe(CO)2 (Dipp2 NHSi-I)] (10). DFT calculations on several model systems [Ni(L)], [Ni(CO)3 (L)], and [W(CO)5 (L)] (L=NHC, NHSi) reveal that carbenes are typically the much better donor ligands with a larger intrinsic strength of the metal-ligand bond. The decrease going from the carbene to the silylene ligand is mainly caused by favorable electrostatic contributions for the NHC ligand to the total bond strength, whereas the orbital interactions were often found to be higher for the silylene complexes. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the contribution of σ- and π-interaction depends significantly on the system under investigation. The σ-interaction is often much weaker for the NHSi ligand compared to NHC but, interestingly, the π-interaction prevails for many NHSi complexes. For the carbonyl complexes, the NHSi ligand is the better σ-donor ligand, and contributions of π-symmetry play only a minor role for the NHC and NHSi co-ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam J. Krahfuß
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Center for, Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM)Radboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu Z, Nitsch J, Schuster J, Friedrich A, Edkins K, Loebnitz M, Dinkelbach F, Stepanenko V, Würthner F, Marian CM, Ji L, Marder TB. Persistent Room Temperature Phosphorescence from Triarylboranes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Julia Schuster
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Katharina Edkins
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- School of Health Sciences The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Marcel Loebnitz
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Fabian Dinkelbach
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Christel M. Marian
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Lei Ji
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) Northwestern Polytechnical University 127 West Youyi Road 710072 Xi'an China
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Narsaria AK, Rauch F, Krebs J, Endres P, Friedrich A, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Finze M, Nitsch J, Bickelhaupt FM, Marder TB. Computationally Guided Molecular Design to Minimize the LE/CT Gap in D-π-A Fluorinated Triarylboranes for Efficient TADF via D and π-Bridge Tuning. Adv Funct Mater 2020; 30:2002064. [PMID: 32774198 PMCID: PMC7405949 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202002064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this combined experimental and theoretical study, a computational protocol is reported to predict the excited states in D-π-A compounds containing the B(FXyl)2 (FXyl = 2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) acceptor group for the design of new thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters. To this end, the effect of different donor and π-bridge moieties on the energy gaps between local and charge-transfer singlet and triplet states is examined. To prove this computationally aided design concept, the D-π-B(FXyl)2 compounds 1-5 were synthesized and fully characterized. The photophysical properties of these compounds in various solvents, polymeric film, and in a frozen matrix were investigated in detail and show excellent agreement with the computationally obtained data. Furthermore, a simple structure-property relationship is presented on the basis of the molecular fragment orbitals of the donor and the π-bridge, which minimize the relevant singlet-triplet gaps to achieve efficient TADF emitters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayush K. Narsaria
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 1083AmsterdamNL‐1081 HVThe Netherlands
| | - Florian Rauch
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
| | - Johannes Krebs
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
| | - Peter Endres
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 1083AmsterdamNL‐1081 HVThe Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM)Radboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 135NijmegenNL‐6525 AJThe Netherlands
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ban Ž, Griesbeck S, Tomić S, Nitsch J, Marder TB, Piantanida I. Front Cover: A Quadrupolar Bis‐Triarylborane Chromophore as a Fluorimetric and Chirooptic Probe for Simultaneous and Selective Sensing of DNA, RNA and Proteins (Chem. Eur. J. 10/2020). Chemistry 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Željka Ban
- Division of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryRuder Boškovic Institute Zagreb Croatia
| | - Stefanie Griesbeck
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Sanja Tomić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryRuder Boškovic Institute Zagreb Croatia
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ivo Piantanida
- Division of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryRuder Boškovic Institute Zagreb Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ban Ž, Griesbeck S, Tomić S, Nitsch J, Marder TB, Piantanida I. A Quadrupolar Bis-Triarylborane Chromophore as a Fluorimetric and Chirooptic Probe for Simultaneous and Selective Sensing of DNA, RNA and Proteins. Chemistry 2020; 26:2195-2203. [PMID: 31756013 PMCID: PMC7065195 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A water-soluble tetracationic quadrupolar bis-triarylborane chromophore showed strong binding to ds-DNA, ds-RNA, ss-RNA, as well as to the naturally most abundant protein, BSA. The novel dye can distinguish between DNA/RNA and BSA by fluorescence emission separated by Δ ν ˜ =3600 cm-1 , allowing for the simultaneous quantification of DNA/RNA and protein (BSA) in a mixture. The applicability of such fluorimetric differentiation in vitro was demonstrated, strongly supporting a protein-like target as a dominant binding site of 1 in cells. Moreover, our dye also bound strongly to ss-RNA, with the unusual rod-like structure of the dye, decorated by four positive charges at its termini and having a hydrophobic core, acting as a spindle for wrapping A, C and U ss-RNAs, but not poly G, the latter preserving its secondary structure. To the best of our knowledge, such unmatched, multifaceted binding activity of a small molecule toward DNA, RNA, and proteins and the selectivity of its fluorimetric and chirooptic response makes the quadrupolar bis-triarylborane a novel chromophore/fluorophore moiety for biochemical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Željka Ban
- Division of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryRuder Boškovic InstituteZagrebCroatia
| | - Stefanie Griesbeck
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Sanja Tomić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryRuder Boškovic InstituteZagrebCroatia
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Piantanida
- Division of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryRuder Boškovic InstituteZagrebCroatia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ban Ž, Griesbeck S, Tomić S, Nitsch J, Marder TB, Piantanida I. A Quadrupolar Bis-Triarylborane Chromophore as a Fluorimetric and Chirooptic Probe for Simultaneous and Selective Sensing of DNA, RNA and Proteins. Chemistry 2020; 26:2098. [PMID: 31990111 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Todd B. Marder at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg and Ivo Piantanida at the Ruder Boškovic Institute. The image depicts the molecular structure of a bis-triarylborane-based chromophore that is simultaneously detecting ds-DNA and proteins. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201903936.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Željka Ban
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruder Boškovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Stefanie Griesbeck
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, and Institute for Sustainable, Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sanja Tomić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruder Boškovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, and Institute for Sustainable, Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, and Institute for Sustainable, Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Piantanida
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruder Boškovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lenczyk C, Roy DK, Oberdorf K, Nitsch J, Dewhurst RD, Radacki K, Halet J, Marder TB, Bickelhaupt M, Braunschweig H. Toward Transition-Metal-Templated Construction of Arylated B 4 Chains by Dihydroborane Dehydrocoupling. Chemistry 2019; 25:16544-16549. [PMID: 31663648 PMCID: PMC6972581 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of a diruthenium tetrahydride complex towards three selected dihydroboranes was investigated. The use of [DurBH2 ] (Dur=2,3,5,6-Me4 C6 H) and [(Me3 Si)2 NBH2 ] led to the formation of bridging borylene complexes of the form [(Cp*RuH)2 BR] (Cp*=C5 Me5 ; 1 a: R=Dur; 1 b: R=N(SiMe3 )2 ) through oxidative addition of the B-H bonds with concomitant hydrogen liberation. Employing the more electron-deficient dihydroborane [3,5-(CF3 )2 -C6 H3 BH2 ] led to the formation of an anionic complex bearing a tetraarylated chain of four boron atoms, namely Li(THF)4 [(Cp*Ru)2 B4 H5 (3,5-(CF3 )2 C6 H3 )4 ] (4), through an unusual, incomplete threefold dehydrocoupling process. A comparative theoretical investigation of the bonding in a simplified model of 4 and the analogous complex nido-[1,2(Cp*Ru)2 (μ-H)B4 H9 ] (I) indicates that there appear to be no classical σ-bonds between the boron atoms in complex I, whereas in the case of 4 the B4 chain better resembles a network of three B-B σ bonds, the central bond being significantly weaker than the other two.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Lenczyk
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for, Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Dipak Kumar Roy
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for, Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany,Discipline of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology IndoreKhandwa Road, SimrolIndore453552, M.P.India
| | - Kai Oberdorf
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for, Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for, Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for, Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for, Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Jean‐François Halet
- Univ Rennes CNRSInstitut des Sciences Chimiques de RennesUMR 622635000RennesFrance
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for, Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for, Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam (The Netherlands), and Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for, Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lenczyk C, Roy DK, Nitsch J, Radacki K, Rauch F, Dewhurst RD, Bickelhaupt FM, Marder TB, Braunschweig H. Steric Effects Dictate the Formation of Terminal Arylborylene Complexes of Ruthenium from Dihydroboranes. Chemistry 2019; 25:13566-13571. [PMID: 31433081 PMCID: PMC7079023 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The steric and electronic properties of aryl substituents in monoaryl borohydrides (Li[ArBH3 ]) and dihydroboranes were systematically varied and their reactions with [Ru(PCy3 )2 HCl(H2 )] (Cy: cyclohexyl) were studied, resulting in bis(σ)-borane or terminal borylene complexes of ruthenium. These variations allowed for the investigation of the factors involved in the activation of dihydroboranes in the synthesis of terminal borylene complexes. The complexes were studied by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction analysis, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The experimental and computational results suggest that the ortho-substitution of the aryl groups is necessary for the formation of terminal borylene complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Lenczyk
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dipak Kumar Roy
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore, 453552, M.P., India
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Rauch
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rian D Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - F Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, (The Netherlands), and Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Merz J, Steffen A, Nitsch J, Fink J, Schürger CB, Friedrich A, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Moos M, Mims D, Lambert C, Marder TB. Synthesis, photophysical and electronic properties of tetra-donor- or acceptor-substituted ortho-perylenes displaying four reversible oxidations or reductions. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7516-7534. [PMID: 31588303 PMCID: PMC6761871 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02420d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Via regioselective Ir-catalyzed C-H borylation and subsequent reactions (i.e., via Br4-Per or (BF3K)4-Per intermediates), we have introduced strong π-donors and acceptors at the 2,5,8,11-positions of perylene leading to unusual properties. Thus, incorporation of four donor diphenylamine (DPA) or four acceptor Bmes2 (mes = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2) moieties yields novel compounds which can be reversibly oxidized or reduced four times, respectively, an unprecedented behavior for monomeric perylene derivatives. Spectroelectrochemical measurements show NIR absorptions up to 3000 nm for the mono-cation radical of (DPA)4-Per and a strong electronic coupling over the perylene bridge was observed indicative of fully delocalized Robin-Day Class III behavior. Both (DPA)4-Per and (Bmes2)4-Per derivatives possess unusually long intrinsic singlet lifetimes (τ 0), e.g., 94 ns for the former one. The compounds are emissive in solution, thin films, and the solid state, with apparent Stokes shifts that are exceptionally large for perylene derivatives. Transient absorption measurements on (DPA)4-Per reveal an additional excited state, with a long lifetime of 500 μs, which sensitizes singlet oxygen effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Merz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Julian Fink
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Claudia B Schürger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Michael Moos
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - David Mims
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jia X, Nitsch J, Ji L, Wu Z, Friedrich A, Kerner F, Moos M, Lambert C, Marder TB. Triarylborane-Based Helical Donor-Acceptor Compounds: Synthesis, Photophysical, and Electronic Properties. Chemistry 2019; 25:10845-10857. [PMID: 31210396 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of 10-(dimesitylboryl)-N,N-di-p-tolylbenzo[c]phenanthren-4-amine (3-B(Mes)2 -[4]helix-9-N(p-Tol)2 1) and 13-(dimesitylboryl)-N,N-di-p-tolyldibenzo[c,g]phenanthren-8-amine (3-B(Mes)2 -[5]helix-12-N(p-Tol)2 2) are reported herein. Their electrochemical and photophysical properties have been studied experimentally and theoretically. The donor and acceptor-substituted helicene derivatives exhibit moderate fluorescence quantum yields in THF (Φf =0.48 and 0.61 for 1 and 2, respectively), which are higher than unsubstituted ones (Φf =0.18 for [4]helicene; Φf <0.05 for [n]helicenes (n≥5)). In the solid state, the Φf values are higher (Φf =1.00 and 0.55 for 1 and 2, respectively) than those in solution, most likely due to the restrictions of molecular motions. The S1 ←S0 transitions of 1 and 2 are predominately HOMO→LUMO transitions. Upon excitation with UV light, the interplanar angle between the two terminal aryl rings of the [5]helix core of 2 decreases (S1 state compared with S0 state), which is similar to placing a spring under an external force.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqing Jia
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, and Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, and Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lei Ji
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, and Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Zhu Wu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, and Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, and Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Kerner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, and Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Moos
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, and Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Griesbeck S, Michail E, Wang C, Ogasawara H, Lorenzen S, Gerstner L, Zang T, Nitsch J, Sato Y, Bertermann R, Taki M, Lambert C, Yamaguchi S, Marder TB. Tuning the π-bridge of quadrupolar triarylborane chromophores for one- and two-photon excited fluorescence imaging of lysosomes in live cells. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5405-5422. [PMID: 31217943 PMCID: PMC6549598 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00793h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of tetracationic quadrupolar chromophores containing three-coordinate boron π-acceptors linked by different π-bridges, namely 4,4'-biphenyl, 2,7-pyrene, 2,7-fluorene, 3,6-carbazole and 5,5'-di(thien-2-yl)-3,6-diketopyrrolopyrrole, were synthesized. While their neutral precursors 1-5 displayed highly solvatochromic fluorescence, the water-soluble tetracationic target molecules 1M-5M, did not, but their emission colour could be tuned from blue to pink by changing the π-bridge. Compound 5M, containing the diketopyrrolopyrrole bridge, exhibits the most red-shifted absorption and emission maxima and the largest two-photon absorption cross-section (4560 GM at 740 nm in MeCN). Confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy studies in live cells confirm localization of the dye at the lysosome. Moreover, the low cytotoxicity, and high photostability of 5M combined with two-photon excited fluorescence imaging studies demonstrate its excellent potential for lysosomal imaging in live cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Griesbeck
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Evripidis Michail
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan .
| | - Hiroaki Ogasawara
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan .
| | - Sabine Lorenzen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Lukas Gerstner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Theresa Zang
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Yoshikatsu Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan .
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Masayasu Taki
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan .
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan .
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Meier M, Ji L, Nitsch J, Krummenacher I, Deißenberger A, Auerhammer D, Schäfer M, Marder TB, Braunschweig H. Preparation and Characterization of a π-Conjugated Donor-Acceptor System Containing the Strongly Electron-Accepting Tetraphenylborolyl Unit. Chemistry 2019; 25:4707-4712. [PMID: 30786077 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A novel thiophene-bridged donor-acceptor system was synthesized with a carbazole as donor and a borole as acceptor unit. The borole group was successfully installed via the tin-boron exchange reaction of 1,1-dimethyl-2,3,4,5-tetraphenylstannole with 9-(5-(dibromoboryl)thiophen-2-yl)carbazole. The effect of the borole on the optoelectronic properties of the donor-acceptor system was explored by spectroscopic (UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy), electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry) and theoretical (TD-DFT) methods as well as by modifying its structure. The corresponding donor-acceptor compound bearing the widely employed dimesitylboryl acceptor group was also synthesized for comparison.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Meier
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lei Ji
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Deißenberger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dominic Auerhammer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marius Schäfer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hupp B, Nitsch J, Schmitt T, Bertermann R, Edkins K, Hirsch F, Fischer I, Auth M, Sperlich A, Steffen A. Stimulus-induzierte Anion-Kation-Exciplexbildung in Kupfer(I)-Komplexen als Mechanismus für mechanochrome Phosphoreszenz. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Hupp
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Tanja Schmitt
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Katharina Edkins
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Florian Hirsch
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Ingo Fischer
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Michael Auth
- Physikalisches Institut; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Andreas Sperlich
- Physikalisches Institut; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hupp B, Nitsch J, Schmitt T, Bertermann R, Edkins K, Hirsch F, Fischer I, Auth M, Sperlich A, Steffen A. Stimulus-Triggered Formation of an Anion-Cation Exciplex in Copper(I) Complexes as a Mechanism for Mechanochromic Phosphorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13671-13675. [PMID: 30048568 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The investigation of the mechanisms of mechanochromic luminescence is of fundamental importance for the development of materials for photonic sensors, data storage, and luminescence switches. The structural origin of this phenomenon in phosphorescent molecular systems is rarely known and thus the formulation of structure-property relationships remains challenging. Changes in the M-M interactions have been proposed as the main mechanism with d10 coinage metal compounds. Herein, we describe a new mechanism-a mechanically induced reversible formation of a cation-anion exciplex based on Cu-F interactions-that leads to highly efficient mechanochromic phosphorescence and unusual large emission shifts from UV-blue to yellow for CuI complexes. The low-energy luminescence is thermo- and vaporesponsive, thus allowing the generation of white light as well as for recovering the original UV-blue emission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Hupp
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Schmitt
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Edkins
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Hirsch
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Fischer
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Auth
- Physikalisches Institut, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Sperlich
- Physikalisches Institut, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
![]()
The
importance of relativity and dispersion in metallophilicity has been
discussed in numerous studies. The existence of hybridization in the
bonding between closed shell d10–d10 metal
atoms has also been speculated, but the presence of attractive MO
interaction in the metal–metal bond is still a matter of an
ongoing debate. In this comparative study, a quantitative molecular
orbital analysis and energy decomposition is carried out on the metallophilic
interaction in atomic dimers (M+···M+) and molecular perpendicular [H3P–M–X]2 (where M = Cu, Ag, and Au; X = F, Cl, Br, and I). Our computational
studies prove that besides the commonly accepted dispersive interactions,
orbital interactions and Pauli repulsion also play a crucial role
in the strength and length of the metal–metal bond. Although
for M+···M+ the orbital interaction
is larger than the Pauli repulsion, leading to a net attractive MO
interaction, the bonding mechanism in perpendicular [H3P–M–X] dimers is different due to the larger separation
between the donor and acceptor orbitals. Thus, Pauli repulsion is
much larger, and two-orbital, four-electron repulsion is dominant. Attract and repel: Our computational studies on the
metallophilic interaction in atomic dimers (M+···M+) and molecular perpendicular [H3P−M−X]2 (where M = Cu, Ag, and Au; X = F, Cl, Br, and I) prove that
besides the commonly accepted dispersive interactions attractive and
repulsive MO interactions play a crucial role in metallophilicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria B Brands
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1083 , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1083 , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Célia Fonseca Guerra
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1083 , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nitsch J, Wolters LP, Fonseca Guerra C, Bickelhaupt FM, Steffen A. Enhanced π-Back-Donation as a Way to Higher Coordination Numbers in d10[M(NHC)n] Complexes: A DFT Study. Chemistry 2016; 23:614-622. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Lando P. Wolters
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM); Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Célia Fonseca Guerra
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM); Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM); Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM); Radboud University; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dannenbauer N, Matthes PR, Scheller TP, Nitsch J, Zottnick SH, Gernert MS, Steffen A, Lambert C, Müller-Buschbaum K. Near-Infrared Luminescence and Inner Filter Effects of Lanthanide Coordination Polymers with 1,2-Di(4-pyridyl)ethylene. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:7396-406. [PMID: 27400168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Dannenbauer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and ‡Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp R Matthes
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and ‡Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas P Scheller
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and ‡Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and ‡Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sven H Zottnick
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and ‡Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus S Gernert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and ‡Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and ‡Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and ‡Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Müller-Buschbaum
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and ‡Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nitsch J, Lacemon F, Lorbach A, Eichhorn A, Cisnetti F, Steffen A. Cuprophilic interactions in highly luminescent dicopper(i)–NHC–picolyl complexes – fast phosphorescence or TADF? Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:2932-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09659f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cuprophilic interactions can greatly enhance the radiative rate constants via either exceptionally fast phosphorescence or TADF, and thus present a design motif for highly efficient CuI-based emitters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Frederick Lacemon
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- Université Blaise Pascal
- F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand
- France
| | - Andreas Lorbach
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Antonius Eichhorn
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Federico Cisnetti
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- Université Blaise Pascal
- F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand
- France
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nitsch J, Kleeberg C, Fröhlich R, Steffen A. Luminescent copper(i) halide and pseudohalide phenanthroline complexes revisited: simple structures, complicated excited state behavior. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:6944-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03706e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite their chemical simplicity, copper(i) phenanthroline halides appear to involve multiple states in the emission process and exhibit non-trivial photophysical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Christian Kleeberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Roland Fröhlich
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hering F, Nitsch J, Paul U, Steffen A, Bickelhaupt FM, Radius U. Bite-angle bending as a key for understanding group-10 metal reactivity of d 10-[M(NHC) 2] complexes with sterically modest NHC ligands. Chem Sci 2014; 6:1426-1432. [PMID: 29560231 PMCID: PMC5811130 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02998d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical investigations on the novel 14 VE complexes [M0(iPr2Im)2] (M = Pd 3, Pt 4; iPr2Im = 1,3-di-isopropyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene) and a comparison to their Ni congener reveal that NHC–M–NHC angle bending is a key to understand the reactivity of d10-[M(NHC)2] complexes.
Synthesis, characterization and investigations on the reactivity of the novel metal basic, yet isolable 14 VE NHC-complexes [M0(iPr2Im)2] (M = Pd 3, Pt 4; iPr2Im = 1,3-di-isopropyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene; VE = valence electron; NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) is reported and compared to the chemistry of the corresponding nickel complex. Quantum chemical analyses reveal that differences in the reactivity of group 10 NHC complexes are caused by differences in the rigidity and thus activation strain associated with bending the corresponding d10-[M(NHC)2] fragments during reaction. These results should have implications for the understanding of the fundamental steps in catalytic cycles, in which such complex fragments are employed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hering
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , D-97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , D-97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Ursula Paul
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , D-97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , D-97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - F Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling , VU University Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1083 , NL-1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Institute of Molecules and Materials , Radboud University Nijmegen , Heyendaalseweg 135, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands .
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , D-97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang Z, Edkins RM, Nitsch J, Fucke K, Eichhorn A, Steffen A, Wang Y, Marder TB. D-π-A triarylboron compounds with tunable push-pull character achieved by modification of both the donor and acceptor moieties. Chemistry 2014; 21:177-90. [PMID: 25413782 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The push-pull character of a series of donor-bithienyl-acceptor compounds has been tuned by adopting triphenylamine or 1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidine as a donor and B(2,6-Me2 -4-RC6 H2)2 (R=Me, C6 F5 or 3,5-(CF3)2 C6 H3) or B[2,4,6-(CF3 )3 C6 H2]2 as an acceptor. Ir-catalyzed C-H borylation was utilized in the derivatization of the boryl acceptors and the tetramethyljulolidine donor. The donor and acceptor strengths were evaluated by electrochemical and photophysical measurements. In solution, the compound with the strongest acceptor, B[2,4,6-(CF3)3 C6 H2]2 ((FMes)2 B), has strongly quenched emission, while all other compounds show efficient green to red (ΦF =0.80-1.00) or near-IR (NIR; ΦF =0.27-0.48) emission, depending on solvent. Notably, this study presents the first examples of efficient NIR emission from three-coordinate boron compounds. Efficient solid-state red emission was observed for some derivatives, and interesting aggregation-induced emission of the (FMes)2 B-containing compound was studied. Moreover, each compound showed a strong and clearly visible response to fluoride addition, with either a large emission-color change or turn-on fluorescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuolun Zhang
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang Z, Edkins RM, Nitsch J, Fucke K, Steffen A, Longobardi LE, Stephan DW, Lambert C, Marder TB. Optical and electronic properties of air-stable organoboron compounds with strongly electron-accepting bis(fluoromesityl)boryl groups. Chem Sci 2014; 6:308-321. [PMID: 28966759 PMCID: PMC5586071 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02410a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
R–Ph–B(FMes)2 compounds exhibit low reduction potentials, bright emission, a TICT state and unusual long-lived phosphorescence at low temperature.
Three compounds with phenyl (1), 4-tert-butylphenyl (2) and 4-N,N-diphenylaminophenyl (3) groups attached to bis(fluoromesityl)boryl ((FMes)2B) through B–C bonds have been prepared. The restricted rotation about the B–C bonds of boron-bonded aryl rings in solution has been studied by variable-temperature 19F NMR spectroscopy, and through-space F–F coupling has been observed for 3 at low temperature. Steric congestion inhibits binding of 1 by Lewis bases DABCO and tBu3P and the activation of H2 in their presence. Photophysical and electrochemical studies have been carried out on 2, 3, and an analogue of 3 containing a bis(mesityl)boryl ((Mes)2B) group, namely 4. Both 2 and 3 show bright emission in nonpolar solvents and in the solid-state, very strong electron-accepting ability as measured by cyclic voltammetry, and good air-stability. In addition, 2 displayed unusually long-lived emission (τ = 2.47 s) in 2-MeTHF at 77 K. The much stronger acceptor strength of (FMes)2B than (Mes)2B leads to significantly red-shifted emission in solution and the solid state, stronger emission solvatochromism, and significantly lower reduction potentials. Theoretical calculations confirm that 2 and 3 tend to form highly twisted excited states with good conjugation between one FMes group and the boron atom, which correlate well with their blue-shifted solid-state emissions and low kr values in solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuolun Zhang
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Robert M Edkins
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Katharina Fucke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . .,School of Medicine , Pharmacy and Health , Durham University , University Boulevard , Stockton-on-Tees , TS17 6BH , UK
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Lauren E Longobardi
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George St. , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George St. , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Roesch P, Nitsch J, Lutz M, Wiecko J, Steffen A, Müller C. Synthesis and Photoluminescence Properties of an Unprecedented Phosphinine–Cu4Br4 Cluster. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:9855-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ic5014472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Roesch
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße
34/36, 12167 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Lutz
- Crystal
and Structural Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jelena Wiecko
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße
34/36, 12167 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Müller
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße
34/36, 12167 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Matthes PR, Nitsch J, Kuzmanoski A, Feldmann C, Steffen A, Marder TB, Müller‐Buschbaum K. The Series of Rare Earth Complexes [Ln
2
Cl
6
(μ‐4,4′‐bipy)(py)
6
], Ln=Y, Pr, Nd, Sm‐Yb: A Molecular Model System for Luminescence Properties in MOFs Based on LnCl
3
and 4,4′‐Bipyridine. Chemistry 2013; 19:17369-78. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp R. Matthes
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 931‐3184785
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 931‐3184785
| | - Ana Kuzmanoski
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe (Germany)
| | - Claus Feldmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe (Germany)
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 931‐3184785
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 931‐3184785
| | - Klaus Müller‐Buschbaum
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 931‐3184785
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rybak JC, Hailmann M, Matthes PR, Zurawski A, Nitsch J, Steffen A, Heck JG, Feldmann C, Götzendörfer S, Meinhardt J, Sextl G, Kohlmann H, Sedlmaier SJ, Schnick W, Müller-Buschbaum K. Metal–Organic Framework Luminescence in the Yellow Gap by Codoping of the Homoleptic Imidazolate ∞3[Ba(Im)2] with Divalent Europium. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:6896-902. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3121718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens-Christoph Rybak
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hailmann
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp R. Matthes
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Zurawski
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joachim G. Heck
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claus Feldmann
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Götzendörfer
- Fraunhofer Institut für Silicatforschung ISC, Neunerplatz 2, 97082
Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Meinhardt
- Fraunhofer Institut für Silicatforschung ISC, Neunerplatz 2, 97082
Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Sextl
- Fraunhofer Institut für Silicatforschung ISC, Neunerplatz 2, 97082
Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Kohlmann
- Anorganische Festkörperchemie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66125 Saarbrücken,
Germany
- Institut für
Anorganische
Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee
29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan J. Sedlmaier
- Department
Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München,
Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schnick
- Department
Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München,
Germany
| | - Klaus Müller-Buschbaum
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nitsch J, Harder T. Fall 1490. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1235965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
36
|
Nitsch J, Harder T. Fall 1486. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1235959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
37
|
Hammentgen R, Nitsch J. Fall 1572. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1236080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
38
|
Köhler U, Nitsch J. Fall 1592. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1236108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
39
|
Köhler U, Nitsch J. Fall 1584. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1236097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
40
|
Nitsch J, Lüderitz B. Fall 1216. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1236550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
41
|
Nitsch J, Lüderitz B. Fall 1220. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1236556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
42
|
Nitsch J, Lüderitz B. Fall 1218. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1236553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
43
|
Nitsch J, Lüderitz B. Fall 1222. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1236560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
44
|
Nitsch J, Lüderitz B. Fall 1268. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1236278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
45
|
Nitsch J, Lüderitz B. Fall 1300. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1236321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
46
|
Nitsch J, Lüderitz B. Fall 1311. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1236338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
47
|
Nitsch J, Lüderitz B. Fall 1264. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1236272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
48
|
Nitsch J, Lüderitz B. Fall 1272. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1236283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
49
|
Köhler U, Nitsch J. Fall 1702. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1235732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
50
|
|