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Kleine-Kleffmann L, Schulz A, Stepanenko V, Würthner F. Growth of Merocyanine Dye J-Aggregate Nanosheets by Living Supramolecular Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314667. [PMID: 37962230 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
J-aggregates are highly desired dye aggregates but so far there has been no general concept how to accomplish the required slip-stacked packing arrangement for dipolar merocyanine (MC) dyes whose aggregation commonly affords one-dimensional aggregates composed of antiparallel, co-facially stacked MCs with H-type coupling. Herein we describe a strategy for MC J-aggregates based on our results for an amphiphilic MC dye bearing alkyl and oligo(ethylene glycol) side chains. In an aqueous solvent mixture, we observe the formation of two supramolecular polymorphs for this MC dye, a metastable off-pathway nanoparticle showing H-type coupling and a thermodynamically favored nanosheet showing J-type coupling. Detailed studies concerning the self-assembly mechanism by UV-Vis spectroscopy and the packing structure by atomic force microscopy and wide-angle X-ray scattering show how the packing arrangement of such amphiphilic MC dyes can afford slip-stacked two-dimensional nanosheets whose macrodipole is compensated by the formation of a bilayer structure. As an additional feature we demonstrate how the size of the nanosheets can be controlled by seeded living supramolecular polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Kleine-Kleffmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Schulz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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2
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Kleine-Kleffmann L, Stepanenko V, Shoyama K, Wehner M, Würthner F. Correction to "Controlling the Supramolecular Polymerization of Squaraine Dyes by a Molecular Chaperone Analogue". J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26517. [PMID: 37976041 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
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3
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Mahlmeister B, Schembri T, Stepanenko V, Shoyama K, Stolte M, Würthner F. Enantiopure J-Aggregate of Quaterrylene Bisimides for Strong Chiroptical NIR-Response. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37285519 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chiral polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be tailored for next-generation photonic materials by carefully designing their molecular as well as supramolecular architectures. Hence, excitonic coupling can boost the chiroptical response in extended aggregates but is still challenging to achieve by pure self-assembly. Whereas most reports on these potential materials cover the UV and visible spectral range, systems in the near infrared (NIR) are underdeveloped. We report a new quaterrylene bisimide derivative with a conformationally stable twisted π-backbone enabled by the sterical congestion of a fourfold bay-arylation. Rendering the π-subplanes accessible by small imide substituents allows for a slip-stacked chiral arrangement by kinetic self-assembly in low polarity solvents. The well dispersed solid-state aggregate reveals a sharp optical signature of strong J-type excitonic coupling in both absorption (897 nm) and emission (912 nm) far in the NIR region and reaches absorption dissymmetry factors up to 1.1 × 10-2. The structural elucidation was achieved by atomic force microscopy and single-crystal X-ray analysis which we combined to derive a structural model of a fourfold stranded enantiopure superhelix. We could deduce that the role of phenyl substituents is not only granting stable axial chirality but also guiding the chromophore into a chiral supramolecular arrangement needed for strong excitonic chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Mahlmeister
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tim Schembri
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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4
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Kleine-Kleffmann L, Stepanenko V, Shoyama K, Wehner M, Würthner F. Controlling the Supramolecular Polymerization of Squaraine Dyes by a Molecular Chaperone Analogue. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9144-9151. [PMID: 37058428 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones are proteins that assist in the (un)folding and (dis)assembly of other macromolecular structures toward their biologically functional state in a non-covalent manner. Transferring this concept from nature to artificial self-assembly processes, here, we show a new strategy to control supramolecular polymerization via a chaperone-like two-component system. A new kinetic trapping method was developed that enables efficient retardation of the spontaneous self-assembly of a squaraine dye monomer. The suppression of supramolecular polymerization could be regulated with a cofactor, which precisely initiates self-assembly. The presented system was investigated and characterized by ultraviolet-visible, Fourier transform infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. With these results, living supramolecular polymerization and block copolymer fabrication could be realized, demonstrating a new possibility for effective control over supramolecular polymerization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Kleine-Kleffmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marius Wehner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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5
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Schlossarek T, Stepanenko V, Beuerle F, Würthner F. Self-assembled Ru(bda) Coordination Oligomers as Efficient Catalysts for Visible Light-Driven Water Oxidation in Pure Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211445. [PMID: 36315034 PMCID: PMC10100213 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble multinuclear complexes based on ruthenium 2,2'-bipyridine-6,6'-dicarboxylate (bda) and ditopic bipyridine linker units are investigated in three-component visible light-driven water oxidation catalysis. Systematic studies revealed a strong enhancement of the catalytic efficiency in the absence of organic co-solvents and with increasing oligomer length. In-depth kinetic and morphological investigations suggest that the enhanced performance is induced by the self-assembly of linear Ru(bda) oligomers into aggregated superstructures. The obtained turnover frequencies (up to 14.9 s-1 ) and turnover numbers (more than 1000) per ruthenium center are the highest reported so far for Ru(bda)-based photocatalytic water oxidation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Schlossarek
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Beuerle
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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Schlossarek T, Stepanenko V, Beuerle F, Würthner F. Self‐assembled Ru(bda) Coordination Oligomers as Efficient Catalysts for Visible Light‐Driven Water Oxidation in Pure Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202211445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Schlossarek
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Florian Beuerle
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
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Karak S, Stepanenko V, Addicoat MA, Keßler P, Moser S, Beuerle F, Würthner F. A Covalent Organic Framework for Cooperative Water Oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17661-17670. [PMID: 36168797 PMCID: PMC9523720 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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The future of water-derived hydrogen as the “sustainable
energy source” straightaway bets on the success of the sluggish
oxygen-generating half-reaction. The endeavor to emulate the natural
photosystem II for efficient water oxidation has been extended across
the spectrum of organic and inorganic combinations. However, the achievement
has so far been restricted to homogeneous catalysts rather than their
pristine heterogeneous forms. The poor structural understanding and
control over the mechanistic pathway often impede the overall development.
Herein, we have synthesized a highly crystalline covalent organic
framework (COF) for chemical and photochemical water oxidation. The
interpenetrated structure assures the catalyst stability, as the catalyst’s
performance remains unaltered after several cycles. This COF exhibits
the highest ever accomplished catalytic activity for such an organometallic
crystalline solid-state material where the rate of oxygen evolution
is as high as ∼26,000 μmol L–1 s–1 (second-order rate constant k ≈
1650 μmol L s–1 g–2). The
catalyst also proves its exceptional activity (k ≈
1600 μmol L s–1 g–2) during
light-driven water oxidation under very dilute conditions. The cooperative
interaction between metal centers in the crystalline network offers
20–30-fold superior activity during chemical as well as photocatalytic
water oxidation as compared to its amorphous polymeric counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvendu Karak
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Matthew A. Addicoat
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, U.K
| | - Philipp Keßler
- Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg D-97074, Germany
| | - Simon Moser
- Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg D-97074, Germany
| | - Florian Beuerle
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
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8
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Shoji S, Stepanenko V, Würthner F, Tamiaki H. Self-assembly of a zinc bacteriochlorophyll- d analog with a lipophilic tertiary amide group in the 17-substituent. BCSJ 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunao Shoji
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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9
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Wu Z, Dinkelbach F, Kerner F, Friedrich A, Ji L, Stepanenko V, Würthner F, Marian CM, Marder TB. Aggregation‐Induced Dual Phosphorescence from (
o
‐Bromophenyl)‐Bis(2,6‐Dimethylphenyl)Borane at Room Temperature. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200525. [PMID: 35324026 PMCID: PMC9325438 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Designing highly efficient purely organic phosphors at room temperature remains a challenge because of fast non‐radiative processes and slow intersystem crossing (ISC) rates. The majority of them emit only single component phosphorescence. Herein, we have prepared 3 isomers (o, m, p‐bromophenyl)‐bis(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)boranes. Among the 3 isomers (o‐, m‐ and p‐BrTAB) synthesized, the ortho‐one is the only one which shows dual phosphorescence, with a short lifetime of 0.8 ms and a long lifetime of 234 ms in the crystalline state at room temperature. Based on theoretical calculations and crystal structure analysis of o‐BrTAB, the short lifetime component is ascribed to the T1M state of the monomer which emits the higher energy phosphorescence. The long‐lived, lower energy phosphorescence emission is attributed to the T1A state of an aggregate, with multiple intermolecular interactions existing in crystalline o‐BrTAB inhibiting nonradiative decay and stabilizing the triplet states efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Fabian Dinkelbach
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Florian Kerner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Lei Ji
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi An Shi 127 West Youyi Road 710072 Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Christel M. Marian
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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Blum C, Weichhold J, Hochleitner G, Stepanenko V, Würthner F, Groll J, Jungst T. Controlling Topography and Crystallinity of Melt Electrowritten Poly(ɛ-Caprolactone) Fibers. 3D Print Addit Manuf 2021; 8:315-321. [PMID: 36654937 PMCID: PMC9828622 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2020.0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Melt electrowriting (MEW) is an aspiring 3D printing technology with an unprecedented resolution among fiber-based printing technologies. It offers the ability to direct-write predefined designs utilizing a jet of molten polymer to fabricate constructs composed of fibers with diameters of only a few micrometers. These dimensions enable unique construct properties. Poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL), a semicrystalline polymer mainly used for biomedical and life science applications, is the most prominent material for MEW and exhibits excellent printing properties. Despite the wealth of melt electrowritten constructs that have been fabricated by MEW, a detailed investigation, especially regarding fiber analysis on a macro- and microlevel is still lacking. Hence, this study systematically examines the influence of process parameters such as spinneret diameter, feeding pressure, and collector velocity on the diameter and particularly the topography of PCL fibers and sheds light on how these parameters affect the mechanical properties and crystallinity. A correlation between the mechanical properties, crystallite size, and roughness of the deposited fiber, depending on the collector velocity and applied feeding pressure, is revealed. These findings are used to print constructs composed of fibers with different microtopography without affecting the fiber diameter and thus the macroscopic assembly of the printed constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Blum
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry at the Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication (IFB) University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Weichhold
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry at the Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication (IFB) University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gernot Hochleitner
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry at the Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication (IFB) University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry at the Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication (IFB) University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tomasz Jungst
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry at the Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication (IFB) University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Würzburg, Germany
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11
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Kryvyi M, Yushchenko О, Dikhtiar О, Lisohurska D, Stepanenko V. QUALITY OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS HONEY OBTAINED IN THE CONDITIONS OF RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION. FST 2021. [DOI: 10.15673/fst.v15i2.2110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural honey is a source of vital amino acids, easily digestible carbohydrates, macro, microelements, biologically active substances that determine nutritional, antibacterial and antioxidant properties. In the conditions of man-caused pollution of Polissya of Ukraine due to the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, systematic control of the quality and safety of beekeeping products is important. To conduct such research, we created a group of twelve bee families - analogs of the Ukrainian breed, medium strength. Families were kept in unified multifunctional hives. At the beginning of the honey harvest, the bee families were transported to the sunflower fields, where they stayed during the blossoming of the plants. The density of radioactive contamination of 137Cs soils where sunflower was grown was 47.0 kBq / m2. We used organoleptic, physicochemical, microscopic, microbiological, and radiological methods in the study. According to standard methods, we studied the species composition of pollen grains, physicochemical parameters of centrifugal, honeycomb, and «zabrus» sunflower honey.(zabrus honey was obtained from wax caps, which we cut with an apiary knife from honeycombs filled with nectar and sealed by bees). The content of lead (Pb) in honey from sunflower obtained in the conditions of Polissya is 1.8 - 2.1 times higher than the State sanitary norms. The largest amount of it is in the centrifugal honey. In acceptable amounts, the heavy metals cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and 137Cs were present in honey. Pesticides, dichlorodiphenyltrichloromethylmethane, and hexachlorane were not detected in the samples. We investigated the bactericidal action against bacterial growth of typical cultures of Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus. Zubrus sunflower honey showed the highest antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. We found that the value of antioxidant activity (AOA) of sunflower honey depends on the method of its production, duration of storage, and solutions of extracts (alcohol, aqueous) used in research. Laboratory control of transgenic organisms in flowers and sunflower pollen did not reveal the target sequences of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and the NOS terminator (nopaline synthase) of the plasmid Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
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12
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Gil-Sepulcre M, Lindner JO, Schindler D, Velasco L, Moonshiram D, Rüdiger O, DeBeer S, Stepanenko V, Solano E, Würthner F, Llobet A. Surface-Promoted Evolution of Ru-bda Coordination Oligomers Boosts the Efficiency of Water Oxidation Molecular Anodes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11651-11661. [PMID: 34293261 PMCID: PMC8343522 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A new Ru oligomer of formula {[RuII(bda-κ-N2O2)(4,4'-bpy)]10(4,4'-bpy)}, 10 (bda is [2,2'-bipyridine]-6,6'-dicarboxylate and 4,4'-bpy is 4,4'-bipyridine), was synthesized and thoroughly characterized with spectroscopic, X-ray, and electrochemical techniques. This oligomer exhibits strong affinity for graphitic materials through CH-π interactions and thus easily anchors on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT), generating the molecular hybrid material 10@CNT. The latter acts as a water oxidation catalyst and converts to a new species, 10'(H2O)2@CNT, during the electrochemical oxygen evolution process involving solvation and ligand reorganization facilitated by the interactions of molecular Ru catalyst and the surface. This heterogeneous system has been shown to be a powerful and robust molecular hybrid anode for electrocatalytic water oxidation into molecular oxygen, achieving current densities in the range of 200 mA/cm2 at pH 7 under an applied potential of 1.45 V vs NHE. The remarkable long-term stability of this hybrid material during turnover is rationalized based on the supramolecular interaction of the catalyst with the graphitic surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Gil-Sepulcre
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ). Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joachim O Lindner
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Schindler
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lucía Velasco
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Calle Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dooshaye Moonshiram
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Calle Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olaf Rüdiger
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.,Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eduardo Solano
- NCD-SWEET beamline, ALBA synchrotron light source, Carrer de la Llum, 2, 26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frank Würthner
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.,Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ). Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Quimica, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Kim JH, Liess A, Stolte M, Krause AM, Stepanenko V, Zhong C, Bialas D, Spano F, Würthner F. An Efficient Narrowband Near-Infrared at 1040 nm Organic Photodetector Realized by Intermolecular Charge Transfer Mediated Coupling Based on a Squaraine Dye. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2100582. [PMID: 34060157 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive short-wave infrared (SWIR, λ > 1000 nm) organic photodiode (OPD) is described based on a well-organized nanocrystalline bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) active layer composed of a dicyanovinyl-functionalized squaraine dye (SQ-H) donor material in combination with PC61 BM. Through thermal annealing, dipolar SQ-H chromophores self-assemble in a nanoscale structure with intermolecular charge transfer mediated coupling, resulting in a redshifted and narrow absorption band at 1040 nm as well as enhanced charge carrier mobility. The optimized OPD exhibits an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 12.3% and a full-width at half-maximum of only 85 nm (815 cm-1 ) at 1050 nm under 0 V, which is the first efficient SWIR OPD based on J-type aggregates. Photoplethysmography application for heart-rate monitoring is successfully demonstrated on flexible substrates without applying reverse bias, indicating the potential of OPDs based on short-range coupled dye aggregates for low-power operating wearable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hong Kim
- Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Liess
- Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ana-Maria Krause
- Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chuwei Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 130 Beury Hall, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - David Bialas
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Spano
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 130 Beury Hall, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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14
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Shen CA, Bialas D, Hecht M, Stepanenko V, Sugiyasu K, Würthner F. Polymorphism in Squaraine Dye Aggregates by Self-Assembly Pathway Differentiation: Panchromatic Tubular Dye Nanorods versus J-Aggregate Nanosheets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11949-11958. [PMID: 33751763 PMCID: PMC8252746 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A bis(squaraine) dye equipped with alkyl and oligoethyleneglycol chains was synthesized by connecting two dicyanomethylene substituted squaraine dyes with a phenylene spacer unit. The aggregation behavior of this bis(squaraine) was investigated in non-polar toluene/tetrachloroethane (98:2) solvent mixture, which revealed competing cooperative self-assembly pathways into two supramolecular polymorphs with entirely different packing structures and UV/Vis/NIR absorption properties. The self-assembly pathway can be controlled by the cooling rate from a heated solution of the monomers. For both polymorphs, quasi-equilibrium conditions between monomers and the respective aggregates can be established to derive thermodynamic parameters and insights into the self-assembly mechanisms. AFM measurements revealed a nanosheet structure with a height of 2 nm for the thermodynamically more stable polymorph and a tubular nanorod structure with a helical pitch of 13 nm and a diameter of 5 nm for the kinetically favored polymorph. Together with wide angle X-ray scattering measurements, packing models were derived: the thermodynamic polymorph consists of brick-work type nanosheets that exhibit red-shifted absorption bands as typical for J-aggregates, while the nanorod polymorph consists of eight supramolecular polymer strands of the bis(squaraine) intertwined to form a chimney-type tubular structure. The absorption of this aggregate covers a large spectral range from 550 to 875 nm, which cannot be rationalized by the conventional exciton theory. By applying the Essential States Model and considering intermolecular charge transfer, the aggregate spectrum was adequately reproduced, revealing that the broad absorption spectrum is due to pronounced donor-acceptor overlap within the bis(squaraine) nanorods. The latter is also responsible for the pronounced bathochromic shift observed for the nanosheet structure as a result of the slip-stacked arranged squaraine chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-An Shen
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Bialas
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kazunori Sugiyasu
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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15
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Shen C, Bialas D, Hecht M, Stepanenko V, Sugiyasu K, Würthner F. Innenrücktitelbild: Polymorphism in Squaraine Dye Aggregates by Self‐Assembly Pathway Differentiation: Panchromatic Tubular Dye Nanorods versus J‐Aggregate Nanosheets (Angew. Chem. 21/2021). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia‐An Shen
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - David Bialas
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Markus Hecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Kazunori Sugiyasu
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
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16
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Shen C, Bialas D, Hecht M, Stepanenko V, Sugiyasu K, Würthner F. Inside Back Cover: Polymorphism in Squaraine Dye Aggregates by Self‐Assembly Pathway Differentiation: Panchromatic Tubular Dye Nanorods versus J‐Aggregate Nanosheets (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 21/2021). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia‐An Shen
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - David Bialas
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Markus Hecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Kazunori Sugiyasu
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
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17
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Shen C, Bialas D, Hecht M, Stepanenko V, Sugiyasu K, Würthner F. Polymorphism in Squaraine Dye Aggregates by Self‐Assembly Pathway Differentiation: Panchromatic Tubular Dye Nanorods versus J‐Aggregate Nanosheets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia‐An Shen
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - David Bialas
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Markus Hecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Kazunori Sugiyasu
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
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18
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Savchuk I, Skydan O, Stepanenko V, Kryvyi M, Kovalоva S. Safety of livestock products of bulls on various diets during fattening in the conditions of radioactive contamination. Regul Mech Biosyst 2021. [DOI: 10.15421/022113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of high-quality and safe food products in the conditions of technogenic environmental pollution is a problem worldwide, especially in Ukraine. As a result of the disaster at the Chornobyl Atomic Power Plant, radioactive substances, including caesium-137, contaminated the soil not only in Ukraine, but in many other countries. Zhytomyr Oblast is the fifth largest oblast in Ukraine and one of the regions that were the most damaged by the accident. Furthermore, this territory is contaminated by the most toxic heavy metals – lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) that actively migrate in the biological system: soil→ plant → animal → production → human, intensely accumulating in the products of plant and animal origin. The complex ecological situation and broad spectrum of biological and toxic actions of 137Cs, Pb, Cd require a number of measures that would prevent transformation of radioactive elements and heavy metals in the organism of animals, increase animals` productivity and safety of the food products made in the conditions of the Ukrainian Polisia. Therefore, we aimed at substantiating the practicability of using silage-concentrate, silage-concentrate-root vegetable and silage-concentrate-hay types of diet for young cattle during fattening and determining the impact of accumulation of 137Сs, Pb and Cd in livestock products. To perform the studies, we formed three groups of young bulls of Ukrainian Black Pied cattle using the method of analogues with creating comfortable maintenance condition and organization of in-detail planned feeding. The diet was composed of fodders prepared in the conditions of radioactive contamination. The laboratory surveys indicated that the main sources of 137Cs ingress in the organism of the animals were roughages and various types of silages, and the sources of heavy metals Pb and Cd were hay of red clover and concentrated fodders. In the experimental studies, we determined absolute and average daily weight gains, expenditures of metabolic energy per 1 kg of weight increment, specific activity of 137Сs and concentrations of the heavy metals (Pb and Cd) in the biological system “fodder-animal-production” during feeding of bulls with various-type diets in the conditions of the III zone of radioactive pollution. It was confirmed that substituting maize silage and carbohydrate fodders increased the average daily gains in the live weight by 2.3–4.6%, decreased specific activity of 137Cs by 8.7–20.1%, the content of Pb by 36.2%, Cd by 34.1–66.7% in the longissimus at silage-concentrate-root vegetable and silage-concentrate-hay types of diet for bulls. Thus, use of silage-concentrate-root vegetable and silage-concentrate-hay types of diets compared with silage-concentrate feeding had a positive effect on their productivity and safety of the food production.
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19
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Wu Z, Nitsch J, Schuster J, Friedrich A, Edkins K, Loebnitz M, Dinkelbach F, Stepanenko V, Würthner F, Marian CM, Ji L, Marder TB. Persistent Room Temperature Phosphorescence from Triarylboranes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17137-17144. [PMID: 32573931 PMCID: PMC7540320 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Achieving highly efficient phosphorescence in purely organic luminophors at room temperature remains a major challenge due to slow intersystem crossing (ISC) rates in combination with effective non-radiative processes in those systems. Most room temperature phosphorescent (RTP) organic materials have O- or N-lone pairs leading to low lying (n, π*) and (π, π*) excited states which accelerate kisc through El-Sayed's rule. Herein, we report the first persistent RTP with lifetimes up to 0.5 s from simple triarylboranes which have no lone pairs. RTP is only observed in the crystalline state and in highly doped PMMA films which are indicative of aggregation induced emission (AIE). Detailed crystal structure analysis suggested that intermolecular interactions are important for efficient RTP. Furthermore, photophysical studies of the isolated molecules in a frozen glass, in combination with DFT/MRCI calculations, show that (σ, B p)→(π, B p) transitions accelerate the ISC process. This work provides a new approach for the design of RTP materials without (n, π*) transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Julia Schuster
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Katharina Edkins
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- School of Health SciencesThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Marcel Loebnitz
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und ComputerchemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstr. 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Fabian Dinkelbach
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und ComputerchemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstr. 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Christel M. Marian
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und ComputerchemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstr. 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Lei Ji
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) &Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE)Northwestern Polytechnical University127 West Youyi Road710072Xi'anChina
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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20
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Hecht M, Leowanawat P, Gerlach T, Stepanenko V, Stolte M, Lehmann M, Würthner F. Self-Sorting Supramolecular Polymerization: Helical and Lamellar Aggregates of Tetra-Bay-Acyloxy Perylene Bisimide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17084-17090. [PMID: 32520408 PMCID: PMC7540443 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A new perylene bisimide (PBI), with a fluorescence quantum yield up to unity, self‐assembles into two polymorphic supramolecular polymers. This PBI bears four solubilizing acyloxy substituents at the bay positions and is unsubstituted at the imide position, thereby allowing hydrogen‐bond‐directed self‐assembly in nonpolar solvents. The formation of the polymorphs is controlled by the cooling rate of hot monomer solutions. They show distinctive absorption profiles and morphologies and can be isolated in different polymorphic liquid‐crystalline states. The interchromophoric arrangement causing the spectral features was elucidated, revealing the formation of columnar and lamellar phases, which are formed by either homo‐ or heterochiral self‐assembly, respectively, of the atropoenantiomeric PBIs. Kinetic studies reveal a narcissistic self‐sorting process upon fast cooling, and that the transformation into the heterochiral (racemic) sheetlike self‐assemblies proceeds by dissociation via the monomeric state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Tabea Gerlach
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Lehmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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21
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Rest C, Philips DS, Dünnebacke T, Sutar P, Sampedro A, Droste J, Stepanenko V, Hansen MR, Albuquerque RQ, Fernández G. Tuning Aqueous Supramolecular Polymerization by an Acid-Responsive Conformational Switch. Chemistry 2020; 26:10005-10013. [PMID: 32374463 PMCID: PMC7496824 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Besides their widespread use in coordination chemistry, 2,2'-bipyridines are known for their ability to undergo cis-trans conformational changes in response to metal ions and acids, which has been primarily investigated at the molecular level. However, the exploitation of such conformational switching in self-assembly has remained unexplored. In this work, the use of 2,2'-bipyridines as acid-responsive conformational switches to tune supramolecular polymerization processes has been demonstrated. To achieve this goal, we have designed a bipyridine-based linear bolaamphiphile, 1, that forms ordered supramolecular polymers in aqueous media through cooperative aromatic and hydrophobic interactions. Interestingly, addition of acid (TFA) induces the monoprotonation of the 2,2'-bipyridine moiety, leading to a switch in the molecular conformation from a linear (trans) to a V-shaped (cis) state. This increase in molecular distortion along with electrostatic repulsions of the positively charged bipyridine-H+ units attenuate the aggregation tendency and induce a transformation from long fibers to shorter thinner fibers. Our findings may contribute to opening up new directions in molecular switches and stimuli-responsive supramolecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Rest
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Würzburg am Hubland97078WürzburgGermany
| | - Divya Susan Philips
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) MünsterCorrensstraße, 40.48149MünsterGermany
| | - Torsten Dünnebacke
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) MünsterCorrensstraße, 40.48149MünsterGermany
| | - Papri Sutar
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) MünsterCorrensstraße, 40.48149MünsterGermany
| | - Angel Sampedro
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) MünsterCorrensstraße, 40.48149MünsterGermany
| | - Jörn Droste
- Institut für Physikalische ChemieWWU MünsterCorrensstraße, 28/3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Würzburg am Hubland97078WürzburgGermany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institut für Physikalische ChemieWWU MünsterCorrensstraße, 28/3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Rodrigo Q. Albuquerque
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) MünsterCorrensstraße, 40.48149MünsterGermany
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) MünsterCorrensstraße, 40.48149MünsterGermany
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22
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Wu Z, Nitsch J, Schuster J, Friedrich A, Edkins K, Loebnitz M, Dinkelbach F, Stepanenko V, Würthner F, Marian CM, Ji L, Marder TB. Persistent Room Temperature Phosphorescence from Triarylboranes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Julia Schuster
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Katharina Edkins
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- School of Health Sciences The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Marcel Loebnitz
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Fabian Dinkelbach
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Christel M. Marian
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Lei Ji
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) Northwestern Polytechnical University 127 West Youyi Road 710072 Xi'an China
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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23
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Hecht M, Leowanawat P, Gerlach T, Stepanenko V, Stolte M, Lehmann M, Würthner F. Self‐Sorting Supramolecular Polymerization: Helical and Lamellar Aggregates of Tetra‐Bay‐Acyloxy Perylene Bisimide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | | | - Tabea Gerlach
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | | | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Matthias Lehmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
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24
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Wagner W, Wehner M, Stepanenko V, Würthner F. Impact of Molecular Shape on Supramolecular Copolymer Synthesis in Seeded Living Polymerization of Perylene Bisimides. CCS Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.31635/ccschem.019.20190061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Wagner
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, Würzburg 97074, (Germany)
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, (Germany)
| | - Marius Wehner
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, Würzburg 97074, (Germany)
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, (Germany)
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, (Germany)
| | - Frank Würthner
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, Würzburg 97074, (Germany)
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, (Germany)
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25
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Schmidt D, Stolte M, Süß J, Liess A, Stepanenko V, Würthner F. Protein-like Enwrapped Perylene Bisimide Chromophore as a Bright Microcrystalline Emitter Material. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13385-13389. [PMID: 31329325 PMCID: PMC6772080 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Strongly emissive solid‐state materials are mandatory components for many emerging optoelectronic technologies, but fluorescence is often quenched in the solid state owing to strong intermolecular interactions. The design of new organic pigments, which retain their optical properties despite their high tendency to crystallize, could overcome such limitations. Herein, we show a new material with monomer‐like absorption and emission profiles as well as fluorescence quantum yields over 90 % in its crystalline solid state. The material was synthesized by attaching two bulky tris(4‐tert‐butylphenyl)phenoxy substituents at the perylene bisimide bay positions. These substituents direct a packing arrangement with full enwrapping of the chromophore and unidirectional chromophore alignment within the crystal lattice to afford optical properties that resemble those of their natural pigment counterparts, in which chromophores are rigidly embedded in protein environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Süß
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Liess
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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26
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Schmidt D, Stolte M, Süß J, Liess A, Stepanenko V, Würthner F. Protein‐like Enwrapped Perylene Bisimide Chromophore as a Bright Microcrystalline Emitter Material. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jasmin Süß
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Andreas Liess
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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27
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Wagner W, Wehner M, Stepanenko V, Würthner F. Supramolecular Block Copolymers by Seeded Living Polymerization of Perylene Bisimides. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12044-12054. [PMID: 31304748 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Living covalent polymerization has been a subject of intense research for many decades and has culminated in the synthesis of a large variety of block copolymers (BCPs) with structural and functional diversity. In contrast, the research on supramolecular BCPs is still in its infancy and their generation by living processes remains a challenge. Here we report the formation of supramolecular block copolymers by two-component seeded living polymerization of properly designed perylene bisimides (PBIs) under precise kinetic control. Our detailed studies on thermodynamically and kinetically controlled supramolecular polymerization of three investigated PBIs, which contain hydrogen-bonding amide side groups in imide position and chlorine, methoxy, or methylthio substituents in 1,7 bay-positions, revealed that these PBIs form kinetically metastable H-aggregates, which can be transformed into the thermodynamically favored J-aggregates by seed-induced living polymerization. We show here that copolymerization of kinetically trapped states of one PBI with seeds of another PBI leads to the formation of supramolecular block copolymers by chain-growth process from the seed termini as confirmed by UV/vis spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). This work demonstrates for the first time the formation of triblock supramolecular polymer architectures with A-B-A and B-A-B block pattern by alternate two-component seeded polymerization in a living manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Wagner
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Marius Wehner
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
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28
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Wehner M, Röhr MIS, Bühler M, Stepanenko V, Wagner W, Würthner F. Supramolecular Polymorphism in One-Dimensional Self-Assembly by Kinetic Pathway Control. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:6092-6107. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Wehner
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Merle Insa Silja Röhr
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bühler
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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29
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Apsalikov KN, Lipikhina A, Grosche B, Belikhina T, Ostroumova E, Shinkarev S, Stepanenko V, Muldagaliev T, Yoshinaga S, Zhunussova T, Hoshi M, Katayama H, Lackland DT, Simon SL, Kesminiene A. The State Scientific Automated Medical Registry, Kazakhstan: an important resource for low-dose radiation health research. Radiat Environ Biophys 2019; 58:1-11. [PMID: 30446811 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-018-0762-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Direct quantitative assessment of health risks following exposure to ionizing radiation is based on findings from epidemiological studies. Populations affected by nuclear bomb testing are among those that allow such assessment. The population living around the former Soviet Union's Semipalatinsk nuclear test site is one of the largest human cohorts exposed to radiation from nuclear weapons tests. Following research that started in the 1960s, a registry that contains information on more than 300,000 individuals residing in the areas neighboring to the test site was established. Four nuclear weapons tests, conducted from 1949 to 1956, resulted in non-negligible radiation exposures to the public, corresponding up to approximately 300 mGy external dose. The registry contains relevant information about those who lived at the time of the testing as well as about their offspring, including biological material. An international group of scientists worked together within the research project SEMI-NUC funded by the European Union, and concluded that the registry provides a novel, mostly unexplored, and valuable resource for the assessment of the population risks associated with environmental radiation exposure. Suggestions for future studies and pathways on how to use the best dose assessment strategies have also been described in the project. Moreover, the registry could be used for research on other relevant public health topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Apsalikov
- Scientific Research Institute for Radiation Medicine and Ecology, 258 Gagarina Street, Semey, 490007, Kazakhstan
| | - A Lipikhina
- Scientific Research Institute for Radiation Medicine and Ecology, 258 Gagarina Street, Semey, 490007, Kazakhstan
| | - B Grosche
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, Germany.
- , Grasmückenweg 19, 85356, Freising, Germany.
| | - T Belikhina
- Scientific Research Institute for Radiation Medicine and Ecology, 258 Gagarina Street, Semey, 490007, Kazakhstan
| | - E Ostroumova
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 96372, Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - S Shinkarev
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, 46 Zhivopisnaya Street, Moscow, 123182, Russian Federation
| | - V Stepanenko
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, 4, Koroleva Street, Obninsk, 249036, Russian Federation
| | - T Muldagaliev
- Scientific Research Institute for Radiation Medicine and Ecology, 258 Gagarina Street, Semey, 490007, Kazakhstan
| | - S Yoshinaga
- Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - T Zhunussova
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Grini Naeringspark 13, 1332, Osteraas, Norway
| | - M Hoshi
- Institute for Peace Science, Hiroshima University, Higashisenda-machi 1-1-89, Naka-ku, Hiroshima, 730-0053, Japan
| | - H Katayama
- The Comprehensive Data Archives and Analysis (CDAA), 6-7, Hacchobori, Naka-ku, Hiroshima, 730-0013, Japan
| | - D T Lackland
- Medical University of South Carolina, 19 Hagood Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425-8350, USA
| | - S L Simon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9778, USA
| | - A Kesminiene
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 96372, Lyon Cedex 08, France
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30
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Langenstroer A, Kartha KK, Dorca Y, Droste J, Stepanenko V, Albuquerque RQ, Hansen MR, Sánchez L, Fernández G. Unraveling Concomitant Packing Polymorphism in Metallosupramolecular Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5192-5200. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Langenstroer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kalathil K. Kartha
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Yeray Dorca
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jörn Droste
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland 16, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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31
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Gangloff N, Höferth M, Stepanenko V, Sochor B, Schummer B, Nickel J, Walles H, Hanke R, Würthner F, Zuckermann RN, Luxenhofer R. Linking two worlds in polymer chemistry: The influence of block uniformity and dispersity in amphiphilic block copolypeptoids on their self‐assembly. Biopolymers 2019; 110:e23259. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.23259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Gangloff
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Technologie der Materialsynthese Universität Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Marcel Höferth
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Technologie der Materialsynthese Universität Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Universität Würzburg Würzburg Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) Universität Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Benedikt Sochor
- Lehrstuhl für Röntgenmikroskopie Universität Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Bernhard Schummer
- Lehrstuhl für Röntgenmikroskopie Universität Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Joachim Nickel
- Lehrstuhl für Tissue Engineering und Regenerative Medizin Universitätsklinikum Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Heike Walles
- Lehrstuhl für Tissue Engineering und Regenerative Medizin Universitätsklinikum Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Randolf Hanke
- Lehrstuhl für Röntgenmikroskopie Universität Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Universität Würzburg Würzburg Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) Universität Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Ronald N. Zuckermann
- Molecular Foundry, Biological Nanostructures, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory United States of America
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Technologie der Materialsynthese Universität Würzburg Würzburg Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) Universität Würzburg Würzburg Germany
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32
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Schreck MH, Röhr MIS, Clark T, Stepanenko V, Würthner F, Lambert C. A Self‐Assembled Unit Comprising 12 Squaraine Dyes Built Up from Two Star‐Shaped Hexasquarainyl‐Benzene Molecules. Chemistry 2019; 25:2831-2839. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian H. Schreck
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Merle I. S. Röhr
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
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33
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Hecht M, Soberats B, Zhu J, Stepanenko V, Agarwal S, Greiner A, Würthner F. Anisotropic microfibres of a liquid-crystalline diketopyrrolopyrrole by self-assembly-assisted electrospinning. Nanoscale Horiz 2019; 4:169-174. [PMID: 32254152 DOI: 10.1039/c8nh00219c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrospinning is a well-established technique for the preparation of nanofibres from polymer solution or melt, however it is rarely applied for small molecules. Here we report a unique example of a liquid-crystalline (LC) diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) dye that was successfully used for electrospinning. Micrometric fibres with anisotropic alignment of DPP dye were produced by this process as shown by polarized optical microscopy and selected area electron diffraction. This newly designed DPP dye self-assembles in solution by hydrogen bonding and π-π-interactions and forms columnar LC phases in the bulk. X-ray scattering and polarized FT-IR studies in the LC state revealed a hierarchical arrangement of DPP molecules into columnar structures. The successful preparation of anisotropic microfibers by electrospinning is attributed to the hydrogen bond-directed supramolecular polymerization of the new DPP dye in solution and its LC properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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34
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He T, Leowanawat P, Burschka C, Stepanenko V, Stolte M, Würthner F. Impact of 2-Ethylhexyl Stereoisomers on the Electrical Performance of Single-Crystal Field-Effect Transistors. Adv Mater 2018; 30:e1804032. [PMID: 30216567 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many organic semiconductors (OSCs) inherit chiral alkyl chains, which ensure the desirable high solubility for solution-processing but may also lead to disorder, inhomogeneous film-formation, as well as interfacial defects due to the presence of mixtures of stereoisomers or diastereomers, which impair their peak performance. Here, single-crystal field-effect transistors (SCFETs) of a diketopyrrolopyrrole-based organic semiconductor with chiral 2-ethylhexyl substituents by sublimation in air and organic ribbon mask method are fabricated. Devices of the mesomer (R/S), both enantiomers (R/R, S/S), as well as mixtures of these three stereoisomers measured under ambient conditions exhibit all appreciable p-channel charge carrier mobilities of > 0.1 cm2 V-1 s-1 despite different packing arrangement in the R/S, R/R (or S/S), and racemate crystal structures. These results suggest a surprising tolerance for isomeric impurities. The highest literature-reported p-channel mobility so far for a diketopyrrolopyrrole-based OSC of 3.4 cm2 V-1 s-1 (Ion /Ioff of 1 × 106 ) is, however, only obtained for the pure R/S mesomer, illustrating the inherent potential of stereochemical purity. These results on SCFETs are further substantiated by studies on organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) of pure and mixed thin films of the different stereoisomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao He
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pawaret Leowanawat
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Burschka
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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35
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Grande V, Soberats B, Herbst S, Stepanenko V, Würthner F. Hydrogen-bonded perylene bisimide J-aggregate aqua material. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6904-6911. [PMID: 30210765 PMCID: PMC6124903 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02409j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A water-soluble perylene bisimide dye self-assembles in aqueous media into thermoresponsive aqua materials with photoluminescence within the biological transparency window.
A new twelvefold methoxy-triethyleneglycol-jacketed tetraphenoxy-perylene bisimide (MEG-PBI) amphiphile was synthesized that self-assembles into two types of supramolecular aggregates in water: red-coloured aggregates of low order and with weak exciton coupling among the PBIs and blue-coloured strongly coupled J-aggregates consisting of a highly ordered hydrogen-bonded triple helix of PBIs. At room temperature this PBI is miscible with water at any proportions which enables the development of robust dye aggregates in solution, in hydrogel states and in lyotropic liquid crystalline states. In the presence of 60–95 wt% water, self-standing coloured hydrogels exhibit colour changes from red to blue accompanied by a fluorescence light-up in the far-red region upon heating in the range of 30–50 °C. This phenomenon is triggered by an entropically driven temperature-induced hydrogen-bond-directed slipped stacking arrangement of the MEG-PBI chromophores within structurally well-defined J-aggregates. This versatile aqua material is the first example of a stable PBI J-aggregate in water. We anticipate that this study will open a new avenue for the development of biocompatible functional materials based on self-assembled dyes and inspire the construction of other hydrogen-bonded supramolecular materials in the highly competitive solvent water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Grande
- Universität Würzburg , Institut für Organische Chemie , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . .,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Bartolome Soberats
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Stefanie Herbst
- Universität Würzburg , Institut für Organische Chemie , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Universität Würzburg , Institut für Organische Chemie , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität Würzburg , Institut für Organische Chemie , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . .,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
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Langenstroer A, Dorca Y, Kartha KK, Mayoral MJ, Stepanenko V, Fernández G, Sánchez L. Exploiting NH···Cl Hydrogen Bonding Interactions in Cooperative Metallosupramolecular Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800191. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Langenstroer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Yeray Dorca
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Kalathil K. Kartha
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Maria Jose Mayoral
- Nanostructured Molecular Systems and Materials group; Organic Chemistry Department; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Würzburg am Hubland; 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040 Madrid Spain
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Gole B, Stepanenko V, Rager S, Grüne M, Medina DD, Bein T, Würthner F, Beuerle F. Microtubular Self-Assembly of Covalent Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:846-850. [PMID: 29072828 PMCID: PMC6519380 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant progress in the synthesis of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), reports on the precise construction of template-free nano- and microstructures of such materials have been rare. In the quest for dye-containing porous materials, a novel conjugated framework DPP-TAPP-COF with an enhanced absorption capability up to λ=800 nm has been synthesized by utilizing reversible imine condensations between 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)porphyrin (TAPP) and a diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) dialdehyde derivative. Surprisingly, the obtained COF exhibited spontaneous aggregation into hollow microtubular assemblies with outer and inner tube diameters of around 300 and 90 nm, respectively. A detailed mechanistic investigation revealed the time-dependent transformation of initial sheet-like agglomerates into the tubular microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bappaditya Gole
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry &, Bavarian Polymer Institute, BPI, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry &, Bavarian Polymer Institute, BPI, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Rager
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department of Chemistry & Center for NanoScience, CeNS, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Matthias Grüne
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dana D Medina
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department of Chemistry & Center for NanoScience, CeNS, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Thomas Bein
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department of Chemistry & Center for NanoScience, CeNS, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry &, Bavarian Polymer Institute, BPI, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Beuerle
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry &, Bavarian Polymer Institute, BPI, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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38
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Gole B, Stepanenko V, Rager S, Grüne M, Medina DD, Bein T, Würthner F, Beuerle F. Röhrenförmige Selbstorganisation kovalenter organischer Netzwerke. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bappaditya Gole
- Universität WürzburgInstitut für Organische Chemie Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry &Bavarian Polymer Institute, BPI Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry &Bavarian Polymer Institute, BPI Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Sabrina Rager
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenFakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie & Center for NanoScience, CeNS Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Matthias Grüne
- Universität WürzburgInstitut für Organische Chemie Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Dana D. Medina
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenFakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie & Center for NanoScience, CeNS Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Thomas Bein
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenFakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie & Center for NanoScience, CeNS Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität WürzburgInstitut für Organische Chemie Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry &Bavarian Polymer Institute, BPI Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Florian Beuerle
- Universität WürzburgInstitut für Organische Chemie Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry &Bavarian Polymer Institute, BPI Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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39
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Wagner W, Wehner M, Stepanenko V, Ogi S, Würthner F. Living Supramolecular Polymerization of a Perylene Bisimide Dye into Fluorescent J-Aggregates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:16008-16012. [PMID: 29035005 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of a new perylene bisimide (PBI) organogelator with 1,7-dimethoxy substituents in the bay position affords non-fluorescent H-aggregates at high cooling rates and fluorescent J-aggregates at low cooling rates. Under properly adjusted conditions, the kinetically trapped "off-pathway" H-aggregates are transformed into the thermodynamically favored J-aggregates, a process that can be accelerated by the addition of J-aggregate seeds. Spectroscopic studies revealed a subtle interplay of π-π interactions and intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding for monomeric, H-, and J-aggregated PBIs. Multiple polymerization cycles initiated from the seed termini demonstrate the living character of this chain-growth supramolecular polymerization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Wagner
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marius Wehner
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Soichiro Ogi
- Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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40
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Wagner W, Wehner M, Stepanenko V, Ogi S, Würthner F. Living Supramolecular Polymerization of a Perylene Bisimide Dye into Fluorescent J-Aggregates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Wagner
- Universität Würzburg; Institut für Organische Chemie; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Marius Wehner
- Universität Würzburg; Institut für Organische Chemie; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Universität Würzburg; Institut für Organische Chemie; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Universität Würzburg; Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI); Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Soichiro Ogi
- Universität Würzburg; Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI); Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität Würzburg; Institut für Organische Chemie; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Universität Würzburg; Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI); Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
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41
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Chen Z, Liu Y, Wagner W, Stepanenko V, Ren X, Ogi S, Würthner F. Cover Picture: Near-IR Absorbing J-Aggregate of an Amphiphilic BF 2
-Azadipyrromethene Dye by Kinetic Cooperative Self-Assembly (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 21/2017). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Center for Nanosystems Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI); Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Center for Nanosystems Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI); Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Xiangkui Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Soichiro Ogi
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Center for Nanosystems Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI); Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Center for Nanosystems Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI); Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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42
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Chen Z, Liu Y, Wagner W, Stepanenko V, Ren X, Ogi S, Würthner F. Titelbild: Near-IR Absorbing J-Aggregate of an Amphiphilic BF 2
-Azadipyrromethene Dye by Kinetic Cooperative Self-Assembly (Angew. Chem. 21/2017). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Center for Nanosystems Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI); Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Center for Nanosystems Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI); Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Xiangkui Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Soichiro Ogi
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Center for Nanosystems Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI); Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Center for Nanosystems Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI); Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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43
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Chen Z, Liu Y, Wagner W, Stepanenko V, Ren X, Ogi S, Würthner F. Near-IR Absorbing J-Aggregate of an Amphiphilic BF2
-Azadipyrromethene Dye by Kinetic Cooperative Self-Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Center for Nanosystems Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI); Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Center for Nanosystems Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI); Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Xiangkui Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Soichiro Ogi
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Center for Nanosystems Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI); Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Center for Nanosystems Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI); Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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44
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Chen Z, Liu Y, Wagner W, Stepanenko V, Ren X, Ogi S, Würthner F. Near-IR Absorbing J-Aggregate of an Amphiphilic BF 2 -Azadipyrromethene Dye by Kinetic Cooperative Self-Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:5729-5733. [PMID: 28371081 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A new amphiphilic BF2 -azadipyrromethene (aza-BODIPY) dye 1 has been synthesized using a CuI -catalyzed "click" reaction. For this dye, two self-assembly pathways that lead to different type of J-aggregates with distinct near-infrared optical properties have been discovered. The metastable off-pathway product displays a broad, structureless absorption band while the thermodynamically stable on-pathway aggregate exhibits the characteristic spectral features of a J-aggregate, that is, red-shifted intense absorption band with significantly narrowed linewidth. The morphology and structure of the aggregates were studied by atomic force microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The aggregation processes of 1 were investigated by temperature- and concentration-dependent UV/Vis spectroscopy and evaluated by models for cooperative self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Xiangkui Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Soichiro Ogi
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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Lübtow M, Helmers I, Stepanenko V, Albuquerque RQ, Marder TB, Fernández G. Self-Assembly of 9,10-Bis(phenylethynyl) Anthracene (BPEA) Derivatives: Influence of π-π and Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions on Aggregate Morphology and Self-Assembly Mechanism. Chemistry 2017; 23:6198-6205. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lübtow
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ingo Helmers
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Rodrigo Q. Albuquerque
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences; Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU); Liverpool UK
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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Liess A, Lv A, Arjona-Esteban A, Bialas D, Krause AM, Stepanenko V, Stolte M, Würthner F. Exciton Coupling of Merocyanine Dyes from H- to J-type in the Solid State by Crystal Engineering. Nano Lett 2017; 17:1719-1726. [PMID: 28165244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A key issue for the application of π-conjugated organic molecules as thin film solid-state materials is the packing structure, which drastically affects optical and electronic properties due to intermolecular coupling. In this regard, merocyanine dyes usually pack in H-coupled antiparallel arrangements while structures with more interesting J-type coupling have been rarely reported. Here we show that for three highly dipolar merocyanine dyes, which exhibit the same π-scaffold and accordingly equal properties as monomers in solution, the solid-state packing can be changed by a simple variation of aliphatic substituents to afford narrow and intense absorption bands with huge hypsochromic (H) or bathochromic (J) shifts for their thin films and nanocrystals. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations show that the energetic offset of almost 1 eV magnitude results from distinct packing motifs within the crystal structures that comply with the archetype H- or J-aggregate structures as described by Kasha's exciton theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Liess
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Aifeng Lv
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alhama Arjona-Esteban
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Bialas
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ana-Maria Krause
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Kairkhanova Y, Chaizhunusоva N, Urazalin M, Stepanenko V, Hоshi M. [RESEARCH OF INTESTINAL MICROFLORA IN THE RATS FOLLOWING THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL IRRADIATION]. Georgian Med News 2017:103-109. [PMID: 28480860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the research was comparative investigation of the quantitative and qualitative composition of large intestinal microflora following internal (by dispersed powdered 56Mn) and internal exposure of Wistar rats. Ten weeks-old male Wistar rats were used. Rats were divided into four groups: L-56Mn group with 12 rats, H-56Mn with ten rats, 60Co group with nine rats and control group with nine rats. L-56Mn and H-56Mn groups were exposed to two different doses of 56MnO2 powder. 60Co group received 2 Gy of external 60Co γ-ray whole body irradiation. Totally 40 rats. Three rats from each group were sacrificed throw 6 hours and on days 3, 14, and 60 after the exposure. Animals were examined throw 6 hours and on days 3, 14 and 60 after exposure. Although the absorbed doses in large intestine were only 0.69 and 1.90 Gy in 56Mn exposed groups, respectively, changes in large intestinal microflora were evident. After 6 hours and on day 3 after 56Mn exposure amount of main representatives of large intestinal microflora (Bifidobacterium and lactobacilli) was decreased in the dose dependent manner. On the other hand, the amount of conditionally pathogenic bacteria was increased. These changes were persistent even on day 14. External 60Co γ-irradiation at a dose of 2 Gy also changed the intestinal microflora, but these changes were not persistent and on day 14 after irradiation returned to the control level. Our data suggest that internal exposure to dispersed powdered 56Mn has a significant biological impact on the intestinal microflora for a prolonged period of time, when it is compared with the effects of external radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kairkhanova
- Semey State Medical University, Republic of Kazakhstan; A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center - National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia; Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - N Chaizhunusоva
- 1Semey State Medical University, Republic of Kazakhstan; A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center - National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia; 3Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - M Urazalin
- 1Semey State Medical University, Republic of Kazakhstan; A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center - National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia; 3Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - V Stepanenko
- 1Semey State Medical University, Republic of Kazakhstan; A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center - National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia; 3Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - M Hоshi
- 1Semey State Medical University, Republic of Kazakhstan; A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center - National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia; 3Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Görl D, Soberats B, Herbst S, Stepanenko V, Würthner F. Perylene bisimide hydrogels and lyotropic liquid crystals with temperature-responsive color change. Chem Sci 2016; 7:6786-6790. [PMID: 28451124 PMCID: PMC5356028 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02249a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-assembly of perylene bisimide (PBI) dyes bearing oligo ethylene glycol (OEG) units in water affords responsive functional nanostructures characterized by their lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Tuning of the LCST is realized by a supramolecular approach that relies on two structurally closely related PBI-OEG molecules. The two PBIs socially co-assemble in water and the resulting nanostructures exhibit a single LCST in between the transition temperatures of the aggregates formed by single components. This permits to precisely tune the transition from a hydrogel to a lyotropic liquid crystal state at temperatures between 26 and 51 °C by adjusting the molar fraction of the two PBIs. Owing to concomitant changes in PBI-PBI interactions this phase transition affords a pronounced color change with "fluorescence-on" response that can be utilized as a smart temperature sensory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Görl
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Bartolome Soberats
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Stefanie Herbst
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
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Rödle A, Ritschel B, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Stepanenko V, Fernández G. Influence of Ester versus Amide Linkers on the Supramolecular Polymerization Mechanisms of Planar BODIPY Dyes. Chemistry 2016; 22:15772-15777. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rödle
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Benedikt Ritschel
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Christian Mück-Lichtenfeld
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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Allampally NK, Mayoral MJ, Chansai S, Lagunas MC, Hardacre C, Stepanenko V, Albuquerque RQ, Fernández G. Control over the Self-Assembly Modes of Pt(II) Complexes by Alkyl Chain Variation: From Slipped to Parallel π-Stacks. Chemistry 2016; 22:7810-6. [PMID: 27113990 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report the self-assembly of a new family of hydrophobic, bis(pyridyl) Pt(II) complexes featuring an extended oligophenyleneethynylene-derived π-surface appended with six long (dodecyloxy (2)) or short (methoxy (3)) side groups. Complex 2, containing dodecyloxy chains, forms fibrous assemblies with a slipped arrangement of the monomer units (dPt⋅⋅⋅Pt ≈14 Å) in both nonpolar solvents and the solid state. Dispersion-corrected PM6 calculations suggest that this organization is driven by cooperative π-π, C-H⋅⋅⋅Cl and π-Pt interactions, which is supported by EXAFS and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis. In contrast, nearly parallel π-stacks (dPt⋅⋅⋅Pt ≈4.4 Å) stabilized by multiple π-π and C-H⋅⋅⋅Cl contacts are obtained in the crystalline state for 3 lacking long side chains, as shown by X-ray analysis and PM6 calculations. Our results reveal not only the key role of alkyl chain length in controlling self-assembly modes but also show the relevance of Pt-bound chlorine ligands as new supramolecular synthons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar Allampally
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - María José Mayoral
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sarayute Chansai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's Universtity Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - María Cristina Lagunas
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's Universtity Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Hardacre
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's Universtity Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Q Albuquerque
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, A, v. Trab. São-Carlense, 400, 13560-970, São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany. .,Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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