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Vinicius Alves T, Peris E, Fernández I. A Deeper Insight into the Supramolecular Activation of Oxidative Addition Reactions Involving Pincer-Rhodium(I) Complexes. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400022. [PMID: 38269625 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The factors governing the acceleration of the oxidative addition of methyl iodide to pincer rhodium(I)-complexes induced by coronene have been computationally explored in detail using quantum chemical methods. Both the parent reaction and the coronene-mediated process proceed via a stepwise SN2-type mechanism. It is found that the acceleration of the process derives from the formation of an initial supramolecular complex, mainly stabilized by electrostatic and π-π interactions, which significantly increases the electron richness of the complex. The impact of this effect on the reaction barrier has been quantitatively analyzed by applying the activation strain model in combination with the energy decomposition analysis method. In addition, the influence of other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the oxidative reaction has been also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Vinicius Alves
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universidad, 28040-, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Físico-Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, 40170-115-, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071-, Castellón, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universidad, 28040-, Madrid, Spain
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Zhang Y, Pei Y, Sun Y, Yang X, Liang J, Yin Z, Liu QS, Zhou Q, Jiang G. AhR Agonistic Components in Urban Particulate Matter Regulate Astrocytic Activation and Function. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:4571-4580. [PMID: 38430186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) has been found to accelerate the onset of neurological disorders via the induction of detrimental neuroinflammatory responses. To reveal how astrocytes respond to urban atmospheric PM stimulation, a commercially available standard reference material (SRM1648a) was tested in this study on the activation of rat cortical astrocytes. The results showed that SRM1648a stimulation induced both A1 and A2 phenotypes in astrocytes, as characterized by the exposure concentration-dependent increases in Fkbp5, Sphk1, S100a10, and Il6 mRNA levels. Studying the functional alterations of astrocytes indicated that the neurotrophic factors of Gdnf and Ngf were transcriptionally upregulated due to astrocytic A2-type activation. SRM1648a also promoted autonomous motility of astrocytes and elevated the expressions of chemokines. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonistic components, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), were recognized to greatly contribute to SRM1648a-induced effects on astrocytes, which was confirmed by the attenuation of PM-disturbed astrocytic effects via AhR blockage. This study, for the first time, uncovered the direct regulation of urban atmospheric PM on astrocytic activation and function and traced the containing bioactive components (e.g., PAHs) with AhR agonistic activity. The findings provided new knowledge on understanding the ambiguous neurological disturbance from ambient fine PM pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yao Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yumiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaoxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jiefeng Liang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhipeng Yin
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qian S Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Liang Y, Hu P, Zhang H, Yang Q, Wei H, Chen R, Yu J, Liu C, Wang Y, Luo S, Shi G, Chi Z, Xu B. Enabling Highly Robust Full-Color Ultralong Room-Temperature Phosphorescence and Stable White Organic Afterglow from Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318516. [PMID: 38241198 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
In this work, full-color and stable white organic afterglow materials with outstanding water, organic solvents, and temperature resistances have been developed for the first time by embedding the selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons into melamine-formaldehyde polymer via solution polymerization. The afterglow quantum yields and lifetimes of the resulting polymer films were up to 22.7 % and 4.83 s, respectively, under ambient conditions. For the coronene-doped sample, its afterglow color could be linearly tuned between yellow and blue by adjusting the temperature, and it could still emit an intense blue afterglow with a lifetime of 0.68 s at 440 K. Moreover, the films showed a bright and stable white afterglow at 370 K with a lifetime of 2.80 s and maintained an excellent afterglow performance after soaking in water and organic solvents for more than 150 days. In addition, the application potential of the polymer films in information encryption and anti-counterfeiting was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohui Liang
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Pengtao Hu
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huaqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qingchen Yang
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hengshan Wei
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ruitai Chen
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiahai Yu
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuhai Wang
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Suilian Luo
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guang Shi
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhenguo Chi
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Bingjia Xu
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Yang M, Hou L, Dong Y, Wang B, Liu H, Wang X. Moisture content in dehulled sesame seeds: A key factor affecting the aroma and safety quality of sesame paste (tahini). J Food Sci 2024; 89:1361-1372. [PMID: 38258954 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the influence of the moisture content of dehulled sesame seeds on the aroma formation and harmful substances in sesame paste (SP). The SP samples were made of dehulled sesame seeds with moisture contents of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% and denoted as T5, T10, T15, T20, and T25, respectively. The results revealed that adjusting the moisture content had a significant impact on aroma compounds, color intensity, and sensory properties. SP pre-adjusted to a moisture content of 10% exhibited the smallest L* value and the highest browning strength. Using gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry analysis, the researchers identified 38 aroma-active compounds in the SP, with pyrazines being the most abundant, contributing to roasted sesame and nutty aromas. Additionally, the presence of pyrrole and furan derivatives led to enhanced caramel and almond aromas, positively influencing the overall sensory properties. T10 demonstrated the highest levels of roasted sesame and nutty odors. Furthermore, the regulation of moisture content also affected the formation of harmful compounds, such as heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Notably, the sample made of the sesame seeds with 10% and 15% moisture content exhibited the lowest total PAHs content (18.21-28.91 ng/g) and PAH4 content (non-detectable-0.15 ng/g). The carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene was not detected in any of the samples, ensuring a safer product. The pre-adjustment of moisture content in SP appears to be a promising approach to improve both its flavor and safety qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lixia Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yifan Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingkai Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huamin Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuede Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
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Cao D, Zhu Z, Zhao S, Zhang X, Lin J, Wang J, Zeng Q, Zhu M. Concentrations, Sources and Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Chinese Herbal Medicines. Molecules 2024; 29:972. [PMID: 38474484 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The determination and evaluation of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in seven Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) were conducted through a rapid and straightforward extraction and purification method, coupled with GC-MS. A sample-based solid-phase extraction (SPE) pretreatment technique, incorporating isotopic internal standards, was employed for detecting various medicinal parts of CHMs. The assay exhibited linearity within the range of 5 to 500 ng/mL, with linear coefficients (R2) for PAHs exceeding 0.999. The recoveries of spiked standards ranged from 63.37% to 133.12%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 0.75% to 14.54%. The total PAH content varied from 176.906 to 1414.087 μg/kg. Among the 16 PAHs, phenanthrene (Phe) was consistently detected at the highest levels (47.045-168.640 μg/kg). Characteristic ratio analysis indicated that oil, coal, and biomass combustion were the primary sources of PAHs in CHMs. The health risk associated with CHMs was assessed using the lifetime carcinogenic risk approach, revealing potential health risks from the consumption of honeysuckle, while the health risks of consuming Lycium chinense berries were deemed negligible. For the other five CHMs (glycyrrhizae, Coix lacryma, ginseng, lotus seed, seed of Sterculia lychnophora), the health risk from consumption fell within acceptable ranges. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses utilizing Monte Carlo exposure assessment methods identified PAH levels in CHMs as health risk sensitizers. It is crucial to recognize that the consumption of herbal medicines is not a continuous process but entails potential health risks. Hence, the monitoring and risk assessment of PAH residues in CHMs demand careful attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyan Cao
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Siyuan Zhao
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jianzai Lin
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Junji Wang
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Qinghong Zeng
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Meilin Zhu
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
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6
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Zhang L, Yang X. Association between exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and endometriosis: data from the NHANES 2001-2006. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1267124. [PMID: 38259796 PMCID: PMC10801278 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1267124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim To evaluate the association between urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites and the risk of endometriosis. Methods This cross-sectional study obtained data on women aged 20-54 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2006. The weighted multivariate logistic regression model was established to assess the association between the eight urinary PAH metabolites and the risk of endometriosis. In this multivariate analysis, the eight urinary PAH metabolites were adjusted with urinary creatinine, and were divided into three groups according to tertiles: Tertile 1, Tertile 2 and Tertile 3. To evaluate the overall association of mixed PAH metabolites with endometriosis, the Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model was applied. Results Totally 1,291 women were included, of which 90 (6.97%) had endometriosis and 1,201 (93.03%) did not have endometriosis. After adjusting for age, race, smoking, age at menarche, hysterectomy, ovary removed, female hormone use, and menopause, compared with the Tertile 1 group, the Tertile 2 and Tertile 3 groups of all PAH metabolites demonstrated no significant risk of endometriosis. A positive tendency was found between mixed PAH metabolites and endometriosis when all the metabolites were at their 60th percentile levels or above compared with their median levels. When all the other metabolites were fixed at their median levels, 1-hydroxynaphthalene was positively correlated with endometriosis. Potential interactions existed between 1-hydroxynaphthalene and 2-hydroxynaphthalene and between 2-hydroxyfluorene and 3-hydroxyfluorene. Conclusion No significant association was found between individual PAH metabolites and endometriosis. A positive association existed between mixed PAH metabolites and the risk of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Humes M, Machesky JE, Kim S, Oladeji OJ, Gentner DR, Donahue NM, Presto AA. Primary and Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Asphalt Pavements. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:20034-20042. [PMID: 37931038 PMCID: PMC10702534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Asphalt is ubiquitous across cities and a source of organic compounds spanning a wide range of volatility and may be an overlooked source of urban organic aerosols. The emission rate and composition depend strongly on temperature, but emissions have been observed at both application temperatures and surface temperatures during warm sunny days. Here we report primary organic aerosol (POA) emissions and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production from asphalt. We reheated real-world asphalt samples to application-relevant temperatures (∼130 °C) and typical summertime road-surface temperatures (∼55 °C) and then flushed the emitted vapors into an environmental oxidation chamber containing ammonium sulfate seed particles. SOA was then formed following the photo-oxidation of emissions under high-NOx conditions typical of urban atmospheres. We find that POA only forms at application temperature as it does not require further oxidation, whereas SOA forms under both conditions; with the resulting POA and SOA both being semi-volatile. While total OA formation rates were substantially greater under the limited time spent under application conditions, SOA formation from passive asphalt heating presents a potential long-term source, as heating continues for the lifetime of the road surface. This suggests that persistent asphalt solar heating is likely a considerable and continued source of summertime SOA in urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie
B. Humes
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jo E. Machesky
- Department
of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Sunhye Kim
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Oladayo J. Oladeji
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Drew R. Gentner
- Department
of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Neil M. Donahue
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Albert A. Presto
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Molina Ayala KM, Kim SB. Description of Microcella humidisoli sp. nov. and Microcella daejeonensis sp. nov., isolated from riverside soil, reclassification of Marinisubtilis pacificus as Microcella pacifica comb. nov., and emended description of the genus Microcella. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 37930354 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Three Gram-positive, aerobic and rod shaped actinobacteria, designated strains MMS21-STM10T, MMS21-STM12T and MMS21-STM26, were isolated from riverside soil and subjected to polyphasic taxonomic analysis. The strains grew optimally at mesophilic temperatures (25-30 °C) and neutral to slightly alkaline pH (7-8), and NaCl was not required for growth. Best growth was observed on nutrient agar or marine agar media. The strains contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and a series of unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and aminolipids, and anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the main fatty acids in common. The genome sizes ranged between 2.65 and 2.78 Mbp, and the DNA G+C contents between 70.4 and 72.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain MMS21-STM10T showed highest sequence similarity of 98.3 % to Microcella putealis CV-2T, and MMS21-STM12T and MMS21-STM26 of 99.2-99.3 % to Microcella flavibacter WY83T, respectively. In the whole genome-based comparison using the orthologous average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization, each of strains MMS21-STM10T and MMS21-STM12T could be separated from other species of Microcella. The genome analysis also indicated that both strains contained gene clusters involved in the biosynthesis of alkylresorcinol, microansamycin and carotenoids. The phenotypic characteristics again differentiated the strains from related species, and two new species of Microcella, Microcella humidisoli sp. nov. (type strain, MMS21-STM10T=KCTC 49773T=LMG 32522T) and Microcella daejeonensis sp. nov. (type strain, MMS21-STM12T=KCTC 49750T=LMG 32523T) are proposed accordingly. It was also evident that Marinisubtilis pacificus KN1116T should be reclassified as a new species of Microcella, and Microcella pacifica comb. nov. (type strain, KN1116T=CGMCC 1.17143T=KCTC 49299T) is proposed. In addition, an emended description of Microcella is proposed based on this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Michelle Molina Ayala
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bum Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Qiu Z, Zhang X, Chen J, Li J, Narita A, Müllen K, Palma CA. Hydrogenation of Hexa- peri-hexabenzocoronene: An Entry to Nanographanes and Nanodiamonds. ACS Nano 2023; 17:18832-18842. [PMID: 37729013 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of atomically precise nanographanes is a largely unexplored frontier in carbon-sp3 nanomaterials, enabling potential applications in phononics, photonics and electronics. One strategy is the hydrogenation of prototypical nanographene monolayers and multilayers under vacuum conditions. Here, we study the interaction of atomic hydrogen, generated by a hydrogen source and hydrogen plasma, with hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene on gold using integrated time-of-flight mass spectrometry, scanning tunneling microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Density functional tight-binding molecular dynamics is employed to rationalize the conversion to sp3 carbon atoms. The resulting hydrogenation of hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene molecules is demonstrated computationally and experimentally, and the potential for atomically precise hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene-derived nanodiamond fabrication is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zishu Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiaoxi Zhang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianing Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Carlos-Andres Palma
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Pattarachotanant N, Rangsinth P, Warayanon W, Leung GPH, Chuchawankul S, Prasansuklab A, Tencomnao T. Protective Effect of Aquilaria crassna Leaf Extract against Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced Toxicity in Neuronal Cells and Caenorhabditis elegans: Possible Active Constituent Includes Clionasterol. Nutrients 2023; 15:3985. [PMID: 37764767 PMCID: PMC10534377 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquilaria crassna (AC) is a beneficial plant widely used to alleviate various health ailments. Nevertheless, the neuroprotection, antiaging, and xenobiotic detoxification against high benzo[a]pyrene induction have not been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ethanolic extract of AC leaves (ACEE) in vitro using SH-SY5Y cells and in vivo using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Neuroprotective activities and cell cycle progression were studied using SH-SY5Y cells. Additionally, C. elegans was used to determine longevity, health span, and transcriptional analysis. Furthermore, ACEE possible active compounds were analyzed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and the possible active compounds were evaluated using a molecular docking study. First, ACEE possessed neuroprotective effects by normalizing cell cycle progression via the regulation of AhR/CYP1A1/cyclin D1 pathway. Next, ACEE played a role in xenobiotic detoxification in high B[a]P-induced C. elegans by the amelioration of lifespan reduction, and body length and size decrease through the reduction in gene expression in hexokinase (hxk) and CYP35 pathway. Finally, phytochemicals of ACEE were identified and we uncovered that clionasterol was the possible active constituent in powerfully inhibiting both CYP1A1 and hexokinase II receptor. Essentially, ACEE was recognized as a potential alternative medicine to defend against high B[a]P effects on neurotoxicity and xenobiotic detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattaporn Pattarachotanant
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing (Neur-Age Natura) Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (N.P.); (W.W.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Panthakarn Rangsinth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (P.R.); (G.P.-H.L.)
| | - Watis Warayanon
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing (Neur-Age Natura) Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (N.P.); (W.W.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - George Pak-Heng Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (P.R.); (G.P.-H.L.)
| | - Siriporn Chuchawankul
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Anchalee Prasansuklab
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing (Neur-Age Natura) Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (N.P.); (W.W.)
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing (Neur-Age Natura) Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (N.P.); (W.W.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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11
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Babaoğlu AS. Assessing the Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Grilled Beef Steak and Beef Patty with Different Charcoals by the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) Method with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Food Sci Anim Resour 2023; 43:826-839. [PMID: 37701747 PMCID: PMC10493564 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2023.e38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of different charcoals on the occurrence of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in grilled beef steaks and beef patties. Seven different charcoals were used as follows: from oak wood (C1), from orange wood (C2), from Valonia oak wood (C3), from Marabu wood (C4), extruded charcoal from beech wood (C5), from coconut shells (C6), and from hazelnut shells (C7). The grilling times for each charcoal type were 6 min for the beef patties and 7 min for the beef steaks, until the internal temperature reached at least 74°C. The total concentration of 16 PAHs (PAH16) in beef steaks grilled with C1 (35.75 μg/kg) and C7 (36.39 μg/kg) was higher than that of C3 (23.80 μg/kg) and C6 (24.48 μg/kg; p<0.05). The highest amounts of PAH16 (216.40 μg/kg) were determined in the beef patty samples grilled using C5 (p<0.05). The summation of benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene and benzo[a]pyrene, referred to as PAH4, was not detected in any of the beef steaks, whereas it was determined in the beef patties grilled with C2 (7.72 μg/kg) and C5 (22.95 μg/kg; p<0.05). The PAH16 concentrations of the beef patty samples in each charcoal group were significantly higher compared to the beef steaks (p<0.05). To avoid the formation of high PAH levels, the use of extruded charcoal and hazelnut shell charcoal should therefore be avoided when charcoal grilling beef steaks and beef patties, and low-fat meat products should be preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Samet Babaoğlu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of
Agriculture, Selçuk University, Konya 42100,
Türkiye
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12
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Han L, Wang Q. Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites were associated with short sleep duration and self-reported trouble sleeping in US adults: data from NHANES 2005-2016 study population. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1190948. [PMID: 37427274 PMCID: PMC10325832 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1190948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the current study was to investigate the link between human exposure to PAHs with short sleep duration (SSD) and self-reported trouble sleeping. Methods A total of 9,754 participants and 9,777 participants obtained from NHANES 2005-2016 were included in this cross-sectional study about SSD and self-reported trouble sleeping, respectively. The association between urinary PAHs metabolites with the prevalence of SSD and self-reported trouble sleeping by the weighted multivariate logistic regression model, restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves, and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression. Results After adjusting for all covariates, 1-hydroxynapthalene, 2-hydroxynapthalene, 3-hydroxyfluorene, 2-hydroxyfluorene, 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, and 1-hydroxyphenanthrene demonstrated positive associations with SSD prevalence. Besides, 1-hydroxynapthalene, 2-hydroxynapthalene, 3-hydroxyfluorene, 2-hydroxyfluorene, 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, and 1-hydroxyphenanthrene exhibited positive associations with the prevalence of self-reported trouble sleeping following the adjustment for all covariates. RCS curves confirmed the non-linear associations between 1-hydroxynapthalene, 2-hydroxynapthalene, 3-hydroxyfluorene, 2-hydroxyfluorene, and 1-hydroxyphenanthrene with the prevalence of SSD, and 1-hydroxynapthalene, 3-hydroxyfluorene, and 2-hydroxyfluorene with the prevalence of self-reported trouble sleeping. The WQS results showed that mixed exposure to PAH metabolites had a significant positive association with the prevalence of SSD (OR: 1.087, 95% CI: 1.026, 1.152, p = 0.004) and self-reported trouble sleeping (OR: 1.190, 95% CI: 1.108, 1.278, p < 0.001). Conclusion Urinary concentrations of PAH metabolites exhibited a close association with the prevalence of SSD and self-reported trouble sleeping in US adults. More emphasis should be placed on the importance of environmental effects on sleep health.
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13
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Pekmezci H, Basaran B. Dietary Heat-Treatment Contaminants Exposure and Cancer: A Case Study from Turkey. Foods 2023; 12:2320. [PMID: 37372531 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the 10-year dietary habits of patients diagnosed with cancer (n = 1155) were retrospectively analyzed, and the relationships between dietary (red meat, white meat, fish meat, French fries, bread, instant coffee, ready-to-drink coffee, Turkish coffee, and black tea) heterocyclic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, acrylamide, and N-nitrosamine-based risk scores and cancer types were statistically evaluated. The foods with the highest and lowest mean dietary heat-treatment contaminant risk scores were red meat and ready-to-drink coffee, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the dietary heat-treatment contamination risk scores based on the cancer patients' demographic characteristics (sex, age, smoking, and body mass index) (p < 0.05). According to the cancer types, the systems with the highest and lowest dietary heat-treatment contaminant risk scores were determined as other (brain, thyroid, lymphatic malignancies, skin, oro- and hypopharynx, and hematology) and the reproductive (breast, uterus, and ovary) system, respectively. The relationship between instant coffee consumption and respiratory system cancer types, the frequency of consumption of French fries and urinary system cancer types and the consumption of meat products and gastrointestinal system cancer types were determined. It is thought that this study contains important findings regarding the relationship between dietary habits and cancer and will be a good source for other studies to be conducted in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Pekmezci
- Department of Elderly Care, Health Care Services Vocational School, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize 53100, Türkiye
| | - Burhan Basaran
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize 53100, Türkiye
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14
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Silva NM, Romagnoli CL, Santiago CRDN, de Lacerda JPA, Leão SC, Digiampietri LA, Viana-Niero C. Multi-Approach Characterization of Novel Pyrene-Degrading Mycolicibacterium austroafricanum Isolates Lacking nid Genes. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1413. [PMID: 37374915 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are chemical compounds that are widespread in the environment, arising from the incomplete combustion of organic material, as well as from human activities involving petrol exploitation, petrochemical industrial waste, gas stations, and environmental disasters. PAHs of high molecular weight, such as pyrene, have carcinogenic and mutagenic effects and are considered pollutants. The microbial degradation of PAHs occurs through the action of multiple dioxygenase genes (nid), which are localized in genomic island denominate region A, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases genes (cyp) dispersed in the bacterial genome. This study evaluated pyrene degradation by five isolates of Mycolicibacterium austroafricanum using 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol (DCPIP assay), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (CG/MS), and genomic analyses. Two isolates (MYC038 and MYC040) exhibited pyrene degradation indexes of 96% and 88%, respectively, over a seven-day incubation period. Interestingly, the genomic analyses showed that the isolates do not have nid genes, which are involved in PAH biodegradation, despite their ability to degrade pyrene, suggesting that degradation may occur due to the presence of cyp150 genes, or even genes that have not yet been described. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of isolates without nid genes demonstrating the ability to degrade pyrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Maria Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-901, Brazil
| | - Camila Lopes Romagnoli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-901, Brazil
| | | | - João Paulo Amorim de Lacerda
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Manufactured Products, Institute of Technological Research, São Paulo 05508-901, Brazil
| | - Sylvia Cardoso Leão
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-901, Brazil
| | | | - Cristina Viana-Niero
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-901, Brazil
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15
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Sk MR, Bhattacharyya A, Saha S, Brahma A, Maji MS. Annulative π-Extension by Rh(III)-Catalyzed Ketone-Directed C-H Activation: Rapid Access to Pyrenes and Related PAHs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202305258. [PMID: 37218605 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Annulative π-extension (APEX) reaction has become a powerful tool for the precise synthesis of well-defined polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as nanographene, graphene, and other PAHs possessing unique structure. Herein, an APEX reaction has been realized at the masked bay-region for the efficient and rapid synthesis of valuable PAH, pyrene, bearing substitutions at the most challenging K-region. Rh(III)-catalyzed ketone-directed C-H activation at the peri-position of a naphthyl-derived ketone, alkyne-insertion, intramolecular nucleophilic attack at the carbonyl-group, dehydration, and aromatization steps occurred in one-pot to effectuate the protocol. Employing this strategy, a two-fold APEX reaction on enantiopure BINOL-derived ketones provided access to axially-chiral bipyrene derivatives. The detailed DFT study to support proposed mechanism, and synthesis of helical PAHs like dipyrenothiophene and dipyrenofuran are other highlights of the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Raja Sk
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Chemistry, INDIA
| | | | - Shuvendu Saha
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Arpita Brahma
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Modhu Sudan Maji
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Chemistry, Paschim Midnapore, 721302, Kharagpur, INDIA
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16
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Park J, Kim K, Ryu D, Whang JH, Mah JH. GC-MS/MS Method for Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Herbal Medicines. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093853. [PMID: 37175264 PMCID: PMC10179879 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are hydrophobic organic contaminants that have a highly carcinogenic and mutagenic nature. This study aimed to develop and validate a sensitive analytical method to determine 8 PAHs in 51 herbal medicines (HMs) using gas chromatography (GC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Liquid--liquid extraction and florisil SPE cartridge purification were basically adopted for pretreatment. For the samples containing essential oil, starch grain, etc., N,N-dimethyl formamide/water mixture (9:1, v/v) was added in the extraction step. The multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) conditions were newly obtained by the infusion of reference solutions of the targeted compounds at a concentration of 100 ng/mL into the GC-MS/MS system used in this study. The 51 items were classified according to whether or not they contained essential oil. Eight PAHs were not detected in 39 (8.3%) of the 459 samples monitored. The total content of 8 PAHs ranged from 0.45 μg/kg in Anemarrhenae Rhizoma to 270.94 μg/kg in Zingiberis Rhizoma. The average content of those ranged from 0.9 μg/kg in Araliae Continentalis Radix to 110.8 μg/kg in Coptidis Rhizoma Preparata cum Vinum. The results of this study prove that the proposed method is useful for determining 8 PAHs in HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jwahaeng Park
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuyeob Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayoun Ryu
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Whang
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Mah
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
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17
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Forcada S, Menéndez-Miranda M, Boente C, Rodríguez Gallego JL, Costa-Fernández JM, Royo LJ, Soldado A. Impact of Potentially Toxic Compounds in Cow Milk: How Industrial Activities Affect Animal Primary Productions. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081718. [PMID: 37107514 PMCID: PMC10138093 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) frequently coexist in soils near industrial areas and sometimes in environmental compartments directly linked to feed (forage) and food (milk) production. However, the distribution of these pollutants along the dairy farm production chain is unclear. Here, we analyzed soil, forage, and milk samples from 16 livestock farms in Spain: several PTEs and PAHs were quantified. Farms were compared in terms of whether they were close to (<5 km) or far away from (>5 km) industrial areas. The results showed that PTEs and PAHs were enriched in the soils and forages from farms close to industrial areas, but not in the milk. In the soil, the maximum concentrations of PTEs reached 141, 46.1, 3.67, 6.11, and 138 mg kg-1 for chromium, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead, respectively, while fluoranthene (172.8 µg kg-1) and benzo(b)fluoranthene (177.4 µg kg-1) were the most abundant PAHs. Principal component analysis of the soil PTEs suggested common pollution sources for iron, arsenic, and lead. In the forage, the maximum contents of chromium, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead were 32.8, 7.87, 1.31, 0.47, and 7.85 mg kg-1, respectively. The PAH found in the highest concentration in the feed forage was pyrene (120 µg kg-1). In the milk, the maximum PTE levels were much lower than in the soil or the feed forages: 74.1, 16.1, 0.12, 0.28, and 2.7 µg kg-1 for chromium, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead, respectively. Neither of the two milk samples exceeded the 20 µg kg-1 limit for lead set in EU 1881/2006. Pyrene was the most abundant PAH found in the milk (39.4 µg kg-1), while high molecular weight PAHs were not detected. For PTEs, the results showed that soil-forage transfer factors were higher than forage-milk ratios. Our results suggest that soils and forages around farms near industries, as well as the milk produced from those farms, have generally low levels of PTE and PAH contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Forcada
- Regional Service for Agrofood Research and Development (SERIDA), P.O. Box 13, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Mario Menéndez-Miranda
- Regional Service for Agrofood Research and Development (SERIDA), P.O. Box 13, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Carlos Boente
- Atmospheric Pollution Laboratory, CIQSO-Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry, Associate Unit CSIC-University of Huelva, Campus El Carmen s/n, 21071 Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - José Luis Rodríguez Gallego
- Environmental Biogeochemistry & Raw Materials Group and INDUROT, Campus de Mieres, University of Oviedo, C/Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós s/n, 33600 Mieres, Asturias, Spain
| | - José M Costa-Fernández
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Avda. Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Luis J Royo
- Regional Service for Agrofood Research and Development (SERIDA), P.O. Box 13, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
- Department of Functional Biology, Genetics, University of Oviedo, Avda. Julián Clavería 6, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ana Soldado
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Avda. Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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18
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Takahashi S, Sekiya R, Haino T. Effects of Edge Functionalization of Nanographenes with Small Aromatic Systems. Chemphyschem 2023:e202300066. [PMID: 36918358 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of the physical properties of nanographenes (NGs) by edge functionalization is an active research area. We conducted a computational study of the effects of edge functionalization on the physical properties of NGs. The computed NGs were models of experimentally obtained NGs and composed of a C174 carbon framework with from one to four 3,5-dimethylnaphthalene units on the edge. The effects were assessed structurally, magnetically, and electronically by the least square planarity index, harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity, nucleus-independent chemical shift, and HOMO-LUMO (H-L) gaps. Density functional theory calculations indicated that although the structures of the model NGs were not very sensitive to edge functionalization, the magnetic and electronic properties were. The installed substituents narrowed the H-L gap and induced a redshift of the PL band by π conjugation between NG and the substituent. These results were consistent with the extension of the absorption band and the redshift of the PL bands of the experimentally modified NGs. Furthermore, the calculations confirmed the contribution of the charge transfer character to the absorption spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusaku Takahashi
- Hiroshima Daigaku - Higashihiroshima Campus: Hiroshima Daigaku, Department of Chemistry, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, 739-8526, Higashi-Hiroshima, JAPAN
| | - Ryo Sekiya
- Hiroshima Daigaku - Higashihiroshima Campus: Hiroshima Daigaku, Department of Chemistr, 1-3-1 kagamiyama, 739-8526, Higashi-Hiroshima, JAPAN
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Hiroshima Daigaku - Higashihiroshima Campus: Hiroshima Daigaku, Department of Chemistry, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, 739-8526, Higashi-Hiroshima, JAPAN
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19
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Su Y, Ren Q, Zhang WY, Chen F. Computational Studies on the Reactivity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200638. [PMID: 36409286 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely present in the environment as toxic pollutants. In this study, quantum chemistry methods are used to study reactions of PAHs in both particle and gas phases. Seven theoretical methods are exploited to predict the reactive sites of 15 PAHs in the particle phase. Among these methods, the performance of the condensed Fukui function (CFF) is optimum. The gas-phase reactions of eight PAHs are also investigated. Except for fluorene, CFF predicts correctly the gas-phase mono-nitro products for seven systems. The products of fluorene predicted by CFF are 1-nitrofluorene and 3-nitrofluorene, which is however inconsistent with the experimental results. Transition state theory is then used to investigate the reaction mechanism of fluorene. Calculated rate constants for 3-nitrofluorene and 2-nitrofluorene formation are much bigger than that for 1-nitrofluorene formation, which is in agreement with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Su
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qing Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wen-Yan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Feiwu Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Beijing, 100083, China
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20
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Mallah MA, Basnet TB, Ali M, Xie F, Li X, Feng F, Wang W, Shang P, Zhang Q. Association between urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites and diabetes mellitus among the US population: a cross-sectional study. Int Health 2023; 15:161-170. [PMID: 35751578 PMCID: PMC9977221 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary aim of this study is to examine the association between urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and diabetes mellitus (DM) among the US population. METHODS We used data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2003-16, which is a nationally representative population-based survey of the US non-institutionalized population. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between urinary PAHs and the prevalence of DM using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS The study sample including 13 792 individuals ≥18 y of age. The average ages of the three PAH tertiles were 42.56±19.67, 42.21±19.51 and 43.39±17.99 y. An increased risk of DM was found with increased odds for the second (OR 1.56 [95% CI 1.36 to 1.79]) and third tertile (OR 1.79 [95% CI 1.55 to 2.06)] of urinary PAH as compared with the first tertile. Similarly, higher chances of DM were observed in the second (men: OR 1.42 [95% CI 1.18 to 1.71]; women: OR 1.76 [95% CI 1.44 to 2.14]) and third tertile (men: OR 1.69 [95% CI 1.38 to 2.08]; women: OR 1.79 [95% CI 1.46 to 2.19]) of urinary PAHs as compared with the first tertile in both men and women. CONCLUSIONS A population-based cross-sectional study found a positive association between urinary PAHs and DM in the US population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manthar Ali Mallah
- Department of Toxicology and Occupational health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Til Bahadur Basnet
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Mukhtiar Ali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah 67480, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Fuwei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feifei Feng
- Department of Toxicology and Occupational health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Occupational health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Pingping Shang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Occupational health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Takahashi S, Sekiya R, Haino T. Computational Studies on the Structures of Nanographenes with Various Edge Functionalities. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200465. [PMID: 36377417 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Computational studies have often been carried out on hydrogen-terminated nanographenes (NGs). These structures are, however, far from those deduced from experimental observations, which have suggested armchair edges with two carboxy groups on the edges as dominant. We conducted computational studies on NGs consisting of C42 , C60 , C78 , C96 , C142 , and C174 carbon atoms with hydrogen, carboxy, and N-methyl imide-terminated armchair edges. DFT calculations inform distorted basal planes and similar HOMO-LUMO gaps, indicating that the edge oxidation and functionalization do not very influence the electronic structure. Comparison of observed UV-vis spectra of carboxy- and N-octadecyl chain terminated NGs with calculated spectra of model NGs informs the contribution of π-π* transitions on the basal plane to the absorptions in the visible region. A dimeric structure of NG and octadecyl-installed NG demonstrate that both the distorted basal planes and the steric contacts among the functional groups widen the surface-to-surface distance thereby allowing the invasion of solvent molecules between the surfaces. This picture is consistent with the improved solubility of edge-modified NGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusaku Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ryo Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan.,International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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22
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Pei W, Wang J, Zhang L, Guo Y, Cao M, Liu R, Chang M, Wang X. Effect of Catechin on the Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Camellia oleifera Oil during Thermal Processing. Foods 2023; 12. [PMID: 36900497 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in oil are affected by many factors, including temperature, time, and PAHs precursors. Phenolic compounds, as beneficial endogenous components of oil, are often associated with the inhibition of PAHs. However, studies have found that the presence of phenols may lead to increased levels of PAHs. Therefore, this study took Camellia oleifera (C. oleifera) oil as the research object, in order to study the effect of catechin in the formation of PAHs under different heating conditions. The results showed that PAH4 were generated rapidly during the lipid oxidation induction period. When the addition of catechin was >0.02%, more free radicals were quenched than generated, thus inhibiting the generation of PAH4. ESR, FT-IR, and other technologies were employed to prove that when the catechin addition was <0.02%, more free radicals were produced than quenched, causing lipid damage and increasing PAHs intermediates. Moreover, the catechin itself would break and polymerize to form aromatic ring compounds, ultimately leading to the conclusion that phenolic compounds in oil may be involved in the formation of PAHs. This provides suggestions for the flexible processing of phenol-rich oil to balance the retention of beneficial substances, and for the safe control of hazardous substances in real-life applications.
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23
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Bui TT, Péralta S, Dumur F. Synthesis and Optical Properties of a Series of Push-Pull Dyes Based on Pyrene as the Electron Donor. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031489. [PMID: 36771166 PMCID: PMC9920555 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fifteen push-pull dyes comprising the tetracyclic polyaromatic pyrene have been designed and synthesized. The optical properties of the fifteen dyes have been examined in twenty-two solvents of different polarities. Surprisingly, contrarily to what is classically observed for push-pull dyes of D-π-A structures, a negative solvatochromism could be found for numerous dyes. The photoluminescence and thermal properties of the dyes were also examined. Theoretical calculations were carried out to support the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frédéric Dumur
- CY Cergy Paris Université, LPPI, F-95000 Cergy, France
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS, ICR UMR7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CY Advanced Studies (CY AS), F-95000 Cergy, France
- Correspondence:
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24
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Li J, Lai Q, Hu A, Liu H, Qin D, Yang X, Tian Y, Yu CP. Salipiger pentaromativorans sp. nov., a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium isolated from mangrove sediment. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 36790415 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been recognized as a potential health risk and are widespread in nature due to their intrinsic chemical stability and high recalcitrance to degradation. A taxonomic study was carried out on strain P9T, which was isolated from a PAH-degrading consortium, enriched from the mangrove sediment from Zhangzhou, PR China. The isolate was chemoheterotrophic, aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, short-rod shaped, and motile by one polar flagellum. Growth was observed at salinities from 0.5-6.0 % (optimum, 3 %), at pH 4-9 (optimum, pH 7) and at 10-41 °C (optimum, 25-30 °C). It did not synthesize bacteriochlorophyll a. Catalase and oxidase activities were positive. Acid was produced from starch, amygdalin, arbutin, cellobiose, d-fructose, maltose, d-mannitol, melezitose, melibiose, raffinose, d-ribose, sucrose, trehalose, d-xylose, aesculin ferric citrate, gentiobiose, glycogen, l-arabinose, l-rhamnose, methyl α-d-glucopyranoside, methyl β-d-xylopyranoside, N-acetylglucosamine and salicin, and weakly positive for d-arabitol, d-galactose, lactose, turanose and glycerol. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain P9T fell within the clade comprising the type strains of Salipiger species and formed an independent cluster with Salipiger profundus, which was distinct from other members of the family Rhodobacteraceae. The 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that strain P9T was most closely related to Salipiger bermudensis HTCC 260T (96.7 %), and other species of the genus Salipiger (95.7-94.2 %). Strain P9T had the highest digital DNA-DNA hybridization value with S. profundus CGMCC 1.12377T (25.0 %) and the highest average nucleotide identity (ANIb and ANIm) values with S. profundus CGMCC 1.12377T(80.3 and 85.8 %, respectively). The sole respiratory quinone was quinone 10. The dominant fatty acids were C18 : 1 ω7c (61.4 %), C16 : 0 (17.5 %) and C19 : 0 ω8c cyclo (7.6 %). The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA was 65.8 mol%. In the polar lipid profile, phospholipid, phosphatidylglycerol, aminolipid, glycolipid and phosphatidylethanolamine were the major compounds. Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain P9T represents a novel species of the genus Salipiger, for which the name Salipiger pentaromativorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is P9T (=CCTCC AB 209290T=LMG 25701T=MCCC 1F01055T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangwei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Qiliang Lai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Anyi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Huijie Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
- Department of Ecological Environment of Guangdong Province, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Dan Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Yun Tian
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Chang-Ping Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
- Water Innovation, Low Carbon and Environmental Sustainability Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
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25
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Kato M, Kim J, Oh J, Shimizu D, Fukui N, Shinokubo H. Near-Infrared-Responsive Hydrocarbons Designed by π-Extension of Indeno[1,2,3,4-pgra]perylene at the 1,2,12-Positions. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300249. [PMID: 36705165 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the overall electronic structure of π-conjugated molecules and the arrangement of their constituent elements is of fundamental importance. Establishing rational design guidelines for conjugated hydrocarbons with narrow HOMO-LUMO gaps is useful to develop near-infrared (NIR) responsive dyes and redox-active materials. This study describes the synthesis and properties of three conjugated hydrocarbons, i. e., an indenonaphthoperylene, an indenoterrylene, and a diindenoterrylene. These molecules exhibit NIR absorption despite the absence of significant antiaromaticity and diradical character. Notably, the indenonaphthoperylene exhibits red-to-NIR emission in the 620-850 nm region. The indenoterrylene and the diindenoterrylene exhibit NIR absorption tailing to 870 and 940 nm, respectively. Moreover, the effect of the π-extension of indenoperylene is disclosed in order to propose guidelines for achieving a narrow HOMO-LUMO gap with negligible antiaromaticity and diradical character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kato
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8603, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juwon Oh
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Chemistry and, Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Soonchunhyang University, 31538, Asan, Korea
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, 615-8510, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8603, Nagoya, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 332-0012, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8603, Nagoya, Japan
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26
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Okada N, Nakatsuka S, Kawasumi R, Gotoh H, Yasuda N, Hatakeyama T. Synthesis and Late-Stage Diversification of BN-Embedded Dibenzocorannulenes as Efficient Fluorescence Organic Light-Emitting Diode Emitters. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202627. [PMID: 36260535 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and late-stage diversification of a new class of hetero-buckybowl, BN-embedded dibenzocorannulenes (B2 N2 -DBCs). The synthesis is achieved via one-shot halogenative borylation, comprising the nitrogen-directed haloboration of alkyne and an intramolecular bora-Friedel-Crafts reaction, which provides BN-embedded dibenzocorannulene possessing two bromo substituents (B2 N2 -DBC-Br). B2 N2 -DBC-Br undergoes diversification via coupling reactions to provide a variety of arylated derivatives (B2 N2 -DBC-R), exhibiting strong blue fluorescence. An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) employing one of the derivatives as an emitter exhibited a high external quantum efficiency of 6.6 % and long operational lifetime of 907 h at an initial luminance of 1000 cd m-2 , indicating the significant potential for the development of efficient and stable hetero-buckybowl-based OLED materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Okada
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Soichiro Nakatsuka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kawasumi
- SK JNC Japan, Co. Ltd., 5-1 Goi Kaigan, Ichihara, Chiba, 290-8551, Japan
| | - Hajime Gotoh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yasuda
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Takuji Hatakeyama
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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27
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Bright A, Li F, Movahed M, Shi H, Xue B. Chronic Exposure to Low-Molecular-Weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Promotes Lipid Accumulation and Metabolic Inflammation. Biomolecules 2023; 13:196. [PMID: 36830566 PMCID: PMC9953192 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
2-naphthol is a low-molecular-weight (LMW) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and air pollutant associated with childhood obesity. There has been a recent emergence of studies on the consequences of PAHs on human health. Current epidemiological reports suggest LMW-PAHs may contribute to obesity incidences in children, yet most studies focus on high-molecular-weight PAHs. This study explores 2-naphthol's impact on obesity and obesity-associated metabolic disorders. To investigate 2-naphthol's effect on lipid metabolism and inflammation, we employed 3T3-L1 and BAT1 cell lines to model white and brown adipocytes, respectively, alongside a murine macrophage cell line (RAW264.7). We found that 2-naphthol increased the expression of key adipogenic and lipogenic genes while decreasing lipolytic gene expression in chronically treated 3T3-L1 and BAT1 adipocytes. In addition, chronic 2-naphthol treatment also suppressed adrenergic-stimulated thermogenic gene expression in BAT1 brown adipocytes. In consistence, an increase in lipid accumulation was demonstrated in BODIPY and Oil Red O-stained adipocytes. Additionally, 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW264.7 macrophages chronically exposed to 2-naphthol showed upregulated mRNA expression of major inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor α (Tnfα), interleukin-1β (Il-1β), and Il-6). In summary, chronic exposure to 2-naphthol stimulates lipid accumulation in adipocytes and inflammation in adipocytes and macrophages. These findings support previous research that demonstrates 2-naphthol has obesogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hang Shi
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Bingzhong Xue
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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28
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Böhme T, Egeland M, Lorentzen M, Mady MF, Solbakk MF, Sæbø KS, Jørgensen KB. Regiospecific Photochemical Synthesis of Methylchrysenes. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010237. [PMID: 36615430 PMCID: PMC9822284 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are suspected to be some of the toxic compounds in crude oil towards marine life and are needed as single compounds for environmental studies. 1-, 3- and 6-methylchrysene (3a,b,c) were prepared as single isomers by photochemical cyclization of the corresponding stilbenoids in the Mallory reaction using stoichiometric amounts of iodine in 82-88% yield. 2-methylchrysene (3d) was prepared by photochemical cyclization where the regioselectivity was controlled by elimination of an ortho-methoxy group under acidic oxygen free conditions in 72% yield. These conditions failed to form 4-methylchrysene from the corresponding stilbenoid. All stilbenoids were made from a common naphthyl Wittig salt and suitably substituted benzaldehydes. We have also demonstrated that methylchrysenes can be oxidized to the corresponding chrysenecarboxylic acids by KMnO4 in modest yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Böhme
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8600, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Mari Egeland
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8600, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Marianne Lorentzen
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8600, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Mohamed F. Mady
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Michelle F. Solbakk
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8600, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Krister S. Sæbø
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8600, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Kåre B. Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8600, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-51-83-23-06
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29
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Salem MSH, Sabri A, Khalid MI, Sasai H, Takizawa S. Two-Step Synthesis, Structure, and Optical Features of a Double Hetero[7]helicene. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27249068. [PMID: 36558201 PMCID: PMC9785389 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel double aza-oxa[7]helicene was synthesized from the commercially available N1,N4-di(naphthalen-2-yl)benzene-1,4-diamine and p-benzoquinone in two steps. Combining the acid-mediated annulation with the electrochemical sequential reaction (oxidative coupling and dehydrative cyclization) afforded this double hetero[7]helicene. Moreover, the structural and optical features of this molecule have been studied using X-ray crystallographic analysis, and the absorption and emission behaviors were rationalized based on DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. H. Salem
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Sabri
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | | | - Hiroaki Sasai
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinobu Takizawa
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-6879-8467
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30
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Wang D, Qin L, Liu E, Chai G, Su Z, Shan J, Yang Z, Wang Z, Wang H, Meng H, Zheng X, Li H, Li J, Lin Y. Biodegradation performance and diversity of enriched bacterial consortia capable of degrading high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Environ Technol 2022; 43:4200-4211. [PMID: 34148513 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1946163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are key organic pollutants in the environment that pose threats to the ecosystem and human health. The degradation of high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs by enriched bacterial consortia has been previously studied, while the involved metabolisms and microbial communities are still unclear and warrant further investigations. In this study, five bacterial consortia capable of utilizing different PAHs (naphthalene, anthracene, and pyrene) as the sole carbon and energy sources were enriched from PAH-contaminated soil samples. Among the five consortia, consortium TC exhibited the highest pyrene degradation efficiency (91%) after 19 d of incubation. The degradation efficiency was further enhanced up to 99% by supplementing yeast extract. Besides, consortium TC showed tolerances to high concentrations of pyrene (up to 1000 mg/L) and different heavy metal stresses (including Zn2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+). The dominant genus in consortium TC, GS, and PL showing relatively higher degradation efficiency for anthracene and pyrene was Pseudomonas, whereas consortium PG and GD were predominated by genus Achromobacter and class Enterobacteriaceae, respectively. Consortium TC, as a highly efficient HMW PAH-degrading consortium, could be applied for synergistic biodegradation of HMW PAHs and in situ bioremediation of the sites contaminated with both PAHs and heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Qin
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Enyu Liu
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Chai
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenduo Su
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Shan
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangjie Yang
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyu Meng
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaien Li
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiake Li
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yishan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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31
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Li Q, Wu Y, Yang Q, Wang S, Shao S, Wang L. Selenium-Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Multiresonance Emitters with Fast Reverse Intersystem Crossing for Narrowband Blue Emission. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:49995-50003. [PMID: 36300933 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Two kinds of boron- (B), selenium- (Se), and nitrogen-doped (N) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emitters (Cz-BSeN and DCz-BSeN) with a multiresonance effect are developed for narrowband blue emission by embedding boron as an electron-deficient atom and selenium and nitrogen as electron-donating atoms into a benzo[a]naphtho[1,2,3-hi]aceanthrylene skeleton. It is found that both emitters exhibit strong spin-orbit coupling and fast reverse intersystem crossing (rate constant of 7.5-8.8 × 106 s-1) due to the heavy-atom effect of selenium, which is 2 orders of magnitude faster than its B, N-doped PAH analogue. Meanwhile, compared to parent B, Se, N-doped PAH emitter Cz-BSeN, incorporating carbazole moieties on the para position of the boron atom in DCz-BSeN not only blueshifts the emission by 7 nm without broadening its spectra but also results in an enhanced photoluminescent quantum efficiency of 93% in the doped film. The organic light-emitting diode (OLED) employing DCz-BSeN as emitter revealed narrowband blue emission at 481 nm with a small full-width at half-maximum (fwhm) of 32 nm, as well as a maximum external quantum efficiency of 22.3%, accompanied by alleviated efficiency roll-off compared to its B, N-containing counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Yuliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Shumeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Shiyang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
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Sousa G, Teixeira J, Delerue-Matos C, Sarmento B, Morais S, Wang X, Rodrigues F, Oliveira M. Exposure to PAHs during Firefighting Activities: A Review on Skin Levels, In Vitro/In Vivo Bioavailability, and Health Risks. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:12677. [PMID: 36231977 PMCID: PMC9565977 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Occupational exposure as a firefighter is a complex activity that continuously exposes subjects to several health hazards including fire emissions during firefighting. Firefighters are exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), known as toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic compounds, by inhalation, dermal contact, and ingestion. In this work, a literature overview of firefighters' dermal exposure to PAHs after firefighting and data retrieved from skin in vitro/in vivo studies related to their dermal absorption, bioavailability, and associated toxicological and carcinogenic effects are reviewed. The evidence demonstrates the contamination of firefighters' skin with PAHs, mainly on the neck (2.23-62.50 ng/cm2), wrists (0.37-8.30 ng/cm2), face (2.50-4.82 ng/cm2), and hands (1.59-4.69 ng/cm2). Concentrations of possible/probable carcinogens (0.82-33.69 ng/cm2), including benzopyrene isomers, were found on firefighters' skin. PAHs penetrate the skin tissues, even at low concentrations, by absorption and/or diffusion, and are locally metabolized and distributed by the blood route to other tissues/organs. Lighter PAHs presented increased dermal permeabilities and absorption rates than heavier compounds. Topical PAHs activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and promote the enzymatic generation of reactive intermediates that may cause protein and/or DNA adducts. Future research should include in vitro/in vivo assays to perform a more realistic health risk assessment and to explore the contribution of dermal exposure to PAHs total internal dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Sousa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Teixeira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- CESPU-Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Simone Morais
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Xianyu Wang
- QAEHS-Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
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Jacobson MH, Wu Y, Liu M, Kannan K, Lee S, Ma J, Warady BA, Furth S, Trachtman H, Trasande L. Urinary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in a Longitudinal Cohort of Children with CKD: A Case of Reverse Causation? Kidney360 2022; 3:1011-1020. [PMID: 35845343 PMCID: PMC9255870 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000892022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Air pollution, which results in the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), has been identified as a cause of renal function decline and a contributor to CKD. However, the results of cross-sectional studies investigating personal, integrated biomarkers of PAHs have been mixed. Longitudinal studies may be better suited to evaluate environmental drivers of kidney decline. The purpose of this study was to examine associations of serially measured urinary PAH metabolites with clinical and subclinical measures of kidney function over time among children with CKD. Methods This study was conducted among 618 participants in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children study, a cohort study of pediatric patients with CKD from the United States and Canada, between 2005 and 2015. In serially collected urine samples over time, nine PAH metabolites were measured. Clinical outcomes measured annually included eGFR, proteinuria, and BP. Subclinical biomarkers of tubular injury (kidney injury molecule-1 [KIM-1] and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin [NGAL]) and oxidant stress (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG] and F2-isoprostane) were assayed in urine samples. Results Children were followed over an average (SD) of 3.0 (1.6) years and 2469 study visits (mean±SD, 4.0±1.6). Hydroxynaphthalene (NAP) or hydroxyphenanthrene (PHEN) metabolites were detected in >99% of samples and NAP concentrations were greater than PHEN concentrations. PHEN metabolites, driven by 3-PHEN, were associated with increased eGFR and reduced proteinuria, diastolic BP z-score, and NGAL concentrations over time. However, PAH metabolites were consistently associated with increased KIM-1 and 8-OHdG concentrations. Conclusions Among children with CKD, these findings provoke the potential explanation of reverse causation, where renal function affects measured biomarker concentrations, even in the setting of a longitudinal study. Additional work is needed to determine if elevated KIM-1 and 8-OHdG excretion reflects site-specific injury to the proximal tubule mediated by low-grade oxidant stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie H Jacobson
- Division of Environmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Yinxiang Wu
- Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Mengling Liu
- Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Division of Environmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York
| | - Sunmi Lee
- Division of Environmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York
| | - Jing Ma
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York
| | - Bradley A Warady
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Susan Furth
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Howard Trachtman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Division of Environmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
- New York University Wagner School of Public Service, New York, New York
- New York University College of Global Public Health, New York, New York
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Sekiya R, Haino T. Integration of Nanographenes and Organic Chemistry - Toward Nanographene-based Two-Dimensional Materials. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200311. [PMID: 35650010 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Graphene and its relatives have received considerable attention from the fields of physics and chemistry since the isolation of pristine graphene sheets. Nanographenes (NGs) are graphene fragments that are a few to tens of nanometers in diameter. Compared to graphene and its relatives, such as graphene oxides, NGs can be handled more easily, and their large π surface and oxygen functional groups on the edge allow postsynthetic modifications. The study of NGs is gradually shifting from the development of synthetic procedures to postsynthetic modification. From the structural point of view, NGs can be regarded as two-dimensional carbon polymers. Their unique structures and affinity for organic molecules make NGs excellent scaffolds for two-dimensional materials, which are now an important topic in organic and polymer chemistry. In this conceptual article, we introduce the position of NGs from the perspective of two-dimensional substances and briefly summarize both the structural features of NGs and the effects of functionalization on their physical properties. These are valuable when producing reasonable strategies for their postsynthetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sekiya
- Hiroshima Daigaku - Higashihiroshima Campus: Hiroshima Daigaku, chemistry, JAPAN
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Hiroshima Daigaku - Higashihiroshima Campus: Hiroshima Daigaku, Department of Chemistry, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, 739-8526, Higashi-Hiroshima, JAPAN
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Kim SY, Shin HW, Kim GH, Kim YY, Kang MJ, Shin HS. Risk Assessment and Evaluation of Analytical Method of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) for Deep-Fat Fried Pork Products in Korea. Foods 2022; 11:1618. [PMID: 35681367 PMCID: PMC9180342 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are produced during incomplete combustion of organic matter. Many of them are likely to be carcinogenic and cause mutations. In this study, the PAH4 (benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), benz[a]anthracene (BaA), chrysene (CHR), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF)) content in deep-fat fried pork was evaluated according to temperature and time, and a risk assessment was conducted. The high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) method for PAH4 analysis was validated by determining linearity (R2), recovery, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ). The linearity was R2 ≥ 0.99. The PAH4 level was dependent on the temperature, time, and nature of the edible oil. Before heat treatment, the PAH4 content of pork was 0.38 μg/kg. The PAH4 content of deep-fat fried pork ranged from 0.86 to 6.86 μg/kg according to temperature (160, 180, 200 °C) and time (3, 6, 9 min). Exposure to PAH4 via the consumption of deep-fat fried pork for different age groups among the Korean population was 0.01-0.89 μg-TEQBaP/kg/day, with the margin of exposure calculated as 7.88 × 104-5.22 × 106. The PAH4 content and risk of exposure increased proportionally with the heat treatment temperature and time. The survey provided important information in terms of evaluating the health risks that PAH compounds can cause in people's diets due to the heat treatment of pork.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Han-Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32, Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (H.W.S.); (G.H.K.); (Y.-Y.K.); (M.-J.K.)
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36
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Li M, Xu M, Su A, Zhang Y, Niu L, Xu Y. Combined Phenanthrene and Copper Pollution Imposed a Selective Pressure on the Rice Root-Associated Microbiome. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:888086. [PMID: 35602076 PMCID: PMC9114715 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.888086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined organic and inorganic pollutants can greatly impact crops and microbes, but the interaction between coexisted pollutants and their effects on root-associated microbes under flooding conditions remains poorly understood. In this study, greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate the individual and combined effects of phenanthrene (PHE) and copper (Cu) on rice uptake and root-associated microbial coping strategies. The results showed that more than 90% of phenanthrene was degraded, while the existence of Cu significantly reduced the dissipation of PHE in the rhizosphere, and the coexistence of phenanthrene and copper promoted their respective accumulation in plant roots. Copper played a dominant role in the interaction between these two chemicals. Microbes that can tolerate heavy metals and degrade PAHs, e.g., Herbaspirillum, Sphingobacteriales, and Saccharimonadales, were enriched in the contaminated soils. Additionally, microbes associated with redox processes reacted differently under polluted treatments. Fe reducers increased in Cu-treated soils, while sulfate reducers and methanogens were considerably inhibited under polluted treatments. In total, our results uncover the combined effect of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the assemblage of root-associated microbial communities in anaerobic environments and provide useful information for the selection of effective root-associated microbiomes to improve the resistance of common crops in contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Minmin Xu
- Shandong Academy of Environmental Sciences Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Aoxue Su
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention Technology, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Samad A, Pelletier G, Séguin A, Degenhardt D, Muench DG, Martineau C. Understanding Willow Transcriptional Response in the Context of Oil Sands Tailings Reclamation. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:857535. [PMID: 35574135 PMCID: PMC9094116 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.857535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
One of the reclamation objectives for treated oil sands tailings (OST) is to establish boreal forest communities that can integrate with the surrounding area. Hence, selection of appropriate soil reclamation cover designs and plant species for revegetation are important aspects of tailings landform reclamation and closure. Research and monitoring of the long term and immediate impacts of capped OST on the growth and survival of native boreal plant species are currently underway. However, plant responses to OST-associated toxicity are not well known at the molecular level. Using RNA sequencing, we examined the effects of three types of OST on the willow transcriptome under different capping strategies. The transcriptomic data showed that some genes respond universally and others in a specific manner to different types of OST. Among the dominant and shared upregulated genes, we found some encoding protein detoxification (PD), Cytochrome P450 (CYPs), glutathione S-transferase regulatory process (GST), UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT), and ABC transporter and regulatory process associated proteins. Moreover, genes encoding several stress-responsive transcription factors (bZIP, BHLH, ERF, MYB, NAC, WRKY) were upregulated with OST-exposure, while high numbers of transcripts related to photosynthetic activity and chloroplast structure and function were downregulated. Overall, the expression of 40 genes was found consistent across all tailings types and capping strategies. The qPCR analysis of a subset of these shared genes suggested that they could reliably distinguish plants exposed to different OST associated stress. Our results indicated that it is possible to develop OST stress exposure biosensors merely based on changes in the level of expression of a relatively small set of genes. The outcomes of this study will further guide optimization of OST capping and revegetation technology by using knowledge based plant stress adaptation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Samad
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Gervais Pelletier
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Armand Séguin
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Dani Degenhardt
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Douglas G. Muench
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Christine Martineau
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec City, QC, Canada
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38
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Li Q, Wu Y, Wang X, Yang Q, Hu J, Zhong R, Shao S, Wang L. Boron-, Sulfur- and Nitrogen-Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Multiple Resonance Emitters for Narrow-Band Blue Emission. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104214. [PMID: 34981587 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Two boron-, sulfur- and nitrogen-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters with high photoluminescent quantum efficiency (88 %) and rapid reverse intersystem crossing (kRISC = 1.0×105 s-1 ) are designed and synthesized, enabling efficient narrow-band blue electroluminescence at 473 nm with full width at half maximum of 29 nm and maximum external quantum efficiency of 22.0 %, which provides an avenue to expand the structure library for multiple resonance emitters and an approach to regulate their emission properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry & Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry & Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering & University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry & Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry & Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering & University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xingdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry & Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry & Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry & Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry & Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry & Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry & Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering & University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry & Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry & Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering & University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Shiyang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry & Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry & Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry & Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry & Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering & University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
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Yuan Q, Jin K, Zhou X, Qiu Z, Li J, Jin D, Zhang Z, Zhang C, Yang L, Zhan Y, Qiu S, Wei Q. Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites are positively related to serum testosterone levels of males and serum estradiol levels of females among U.S. adults. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1037098. [PMID: 36568073 PMCID: PMC9768547 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1037098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported for several years that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) could disturb human endocrine function. However, there is still a short of consistent conclusion about the relationship between PAH exposure and levels of sexual hormones. The aim of our study is to explore whether exposure to PAHs and how PAHs affect the levels of serum testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) in adults, hoping to fulfill the knowledge gap. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included adults aged 20 and above who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2016. We included 10 PAH metabolites in this study. The levels of urinary PAH metabolites were log-transformed and divided into quartiles. The associations between PAH metabolites and both serum T levels of males and E2 levels of females were investigated using multivariate regression models. We furtherly calculated PAHs scores by sum of ranks across 10 PAHs metabolites, which represented the exposure levels of PAHs mixtures, and the association between PAHs scores and serum T and E2 levels were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 4,654 subjects were included in this study, including 2,460 males and 2,194 females. After adjusting for confounders, 2-hydroxynapthalene and 3-hydroxyfluorene were positively associated with serum T levels of males (p-value for trend=0.047, and p-value for trend=0.006, respectively), while 1-hydroxyphenanthrene was positively associated with serum E2 levels of females (p-value for trend=0.013). In the adjusted models, no significant association was found between PAHs scores and either T levels of males or E2 levels of females (p-value for trend=0.615, and p-value for trend=0.241, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study showed urinary 2-hydroxynapthalene and 3-hydroxyfluorene were associated with increased T levels of males, and urinary 1-hydroxyphenanthrene was associated with increased E2 levels of females. The observed association indicated disrupting effects of PAH exposure on reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Yuan
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Jin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianghong Zhou
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhimei Qiu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiakun Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Jin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zilong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chichen Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Shi Qiu, ; Qiang Wei,
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Shi Qiu, ; Qiang Wei,
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Lim J, Ramesh A, Shioda T, Leon Parada K, Luderer U. Sex Differences in Embryonic Gonad Transcriptomes and Benzo[a]pyrene Metabolite Levels After Transplacental Exposure. Endocrinology 2022; 163:bqab228. [PMID: 34734245 PMCID: PMC8633617 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons like benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) are generated during incomplete combustion of organic materials. Prior research has demonstrated that BaP is a prenatal ovarian toxicant and carcinogen. However, the metabolic pathways active in the embryo and its developing gonads and the mechanisms by which prenatal exposure to BaP predisposes to ovarian tumors later in life remain to be fully elucidated. To address these data gaps, we orally dosed pregnant female mice with BaP from embryonic day (E) 6.5 to E11.5 (0, 0.2, or 2 mg/kg/day) for metabolite measurement or E9.5 to E11.5 (0 or 3.33 mg/kg/day) for embryonic gonad RNA sequencing. Embryos were harvested at E13.5 for both experiments. The sum of BaP metabolite concentrations increased significantly with dose in the embryos and placentas, and concentrations were significantly higher in female than male embryos and in embryos than placentas. RNA sequencing revealed that enzymes involved in metabolic activation of BaP are expressed at moderate to high levels in embryonic gonads and that greater transcriptomic changes occurred in the ovaries in response to BaP than in the testes. We identified 490 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with false discovery rate P-values < 0.05 when comparing BaP-exposed to control ovaries but no statistically significant DEGs between BaP-exposed and control testes. Genes related to monocyte/macrophage recruitment and activity, prolactin family genes, and several keratin genes were among the most upregulated genes in the BaP-exposed ovaries. Results show that developing ovaries are more sensitive than testes to prenatal BaP exposure, which may be related to higher concentrations of BaP metabolites in female embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhwan Lim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Aramandla Ramesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Toshi Shioda
- Massachusetts General Center for Cancer Research and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen Leon Parada
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ulrike Luderer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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41
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Zhang Q, Zhang X, Yang B, Liu S, Wen M, Bao L, Jiang L. Development of a highly efficient in-tube solid-phase microextraction system coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS for analyzing trace hydroxyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biological samples. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:919-928. [PMID: 34923746 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are considered active mutagenic and carcinogenic substances and are found in extremely low levels (ng/g) in biological samples. As a result, their determination in urine and blood samples is challenging, and a sensitive and effective method for the analysis of trace hydroxyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in complex biological matrices is required. In this work, a novel macroporous in-tube solid-phase microextraction monolith was prepared via a thiol-yne click reaction, and a highly efficient analytical method based on in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS was developed to determine hydroxyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with low detection limits of 0.137-11.0 ng/L in complex biological samples. Four hydroxyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, namely, 2-hydroxyanthraquinone, 1-hydroxypyrene, 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone, and 6-hydroxychrysene, were determined in the urine samples of smokers, non-smokers, and whole blood samples of mice. Satisfactory recoveries were achieved in the range of 83.1-113% with relative standard deviations of 3.2-9.7%. It was found that implementation of the macroporous monolith gave a highly efficient approach for enriching trace hydroxyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianchun Zhang
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food and Environment Pollution of Qian Xi Nan, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food and Environment Pollution of Qian Xi Nan, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi, P. R. China
| | - Bingnian Yang
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food and Environment Pollution of Qian Xi Nan, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi, P. R. China
| | - Shan Liu
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food and Environment Pollution of Qian Xi Nan, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi, P. R. China
| | - Ming Wen
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food and Environment Pollution of Qian Xi Nan, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi, P. R. China
| | - Linchun Bao
- Clinical Laboratory, Qian Xi Nan People's Hospital, Xingyi, P. R. China
| | - Li Jiang
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food and Environment Pollution of Qian Xi Nan, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi, P. R. China
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42
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Li R, Ma B, He RY, Zhang B, Zhang YK, Feng SY, An P. Azepine- or Oxepine-embedded Double Saddle-Helix Nanographenes. Chem Asian J 2021; 17:e202101365. [PMID: 34904381 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The azepine- and oxepine-embedded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) 1-3, as the hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC)-based nanographenes (NG) were designed and synthesized by Diels-Alder reaction of cyclic alkene with tetrachlorothiophene-S,S-dioxide, followed by Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling and Scholl-type cyclodehydrogenation. Due to the strained seven-membered ring and the inherent structural pattern, heteroatom-doped NGs 1-3 show Cs symmetrical, double saddle-helix hybrid conformation, which represents a new shape for HBC based nanographenes. The calculation studies reveal the low aromaticity of the 8π heterocycles themselves and the heterocycles also decrease the electron delocalization of benzenes surrounding them. Dynamics-based calculation suggests the Cs symmetry would maintain druing the saddle-inversion process. Meanwhile, we show property perturbation by doping with different heteroatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Ynunan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Bin Ma
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Ynunan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Run-Ying He
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Ynunan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Ynunan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Kang Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Ynunan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Yu Feng
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Ynunan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Peng An
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Ynunan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
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Dengiz Ç. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted push-pull chromophores: an investigation of optoelectronic and nonlinear optical properties using experimental and theoretical approaches. Turk J Chem 2021; 45:1375-1390. [PMID: 34849054 PMCID: PMC8596527 DOI: 10.3906/kim-2102-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new push-pull chromophores were synthesized in moderate to very high yields (65%-97%) by treating TCNE and TCNQ with alkynes substituted by electron-rich diethylaniline and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Some of the chromophores exhibit strong intramolecular charge-transfer bands in the near-IR region with λmax values between 695 and 749 nm. With the help of experimental and theoretical analysis, it is concluded that the trend in λ max values is affected by PAH substituents sterically, not electronically. Steric constraints led to the increased dihedral angles, reducing conjugation efficiencies. The absorption properties of push-pull compounds have been investigated in solvents possessing different polarities. All chromophores exhibited positive solvatochromism. As an additional proof of efficient charge-transfer in push-pull chromophores, quinoid character (dr) values were predicted using calculated bond lengths. Remarkably, substantial dr values (0.045-0.049) were predicted for donor diethylaniline rings in all compounds. The effects of various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on optical and nonlinear optical properties were also studied by computational methods. Several parameters, such as band gaps, Mulliken electronegativity, chemical hardness and softness, dipole moments, average polarizability, first hyperpolarizability, were predicted for chromophores at the B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) level of theory. The predicted first hyperpolarizability β(tot) values vary between 198 to 538 × 10-30 esu for the reported push-pull chromophores in this study. The highest predicted β(tot) value in this study is 537.842 × 10-30 esu, 8150 times larger than the predicted β(tot) value of benchmark NLO material urea, suggests possible utilization of these chromophores in NLO devices. The charge-transfer character of the synthesized structures was further confirmed by HOMO-LUMO depictions and electrostatic potential maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çağatay Dengiz
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara Turkey
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Tooker BC, Quinn K, Armstrong M, Bauer AK, Reisdorph N. Comparing the effects of an exposure to a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixture versus individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during monocyte to macrophage differentiation: Mixture exposure results in altered immune metrics. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 41:1568-1583. [PMID: 33559210 PMCID: PMC8349383 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are generated by the incomplete combustion of carbon. Exposures correlate with systemic immune dysfunction and overall immune suppression. Real-world exposures to PAHs are almost always encountered as mixtures; however, research overwhelmingly centers on isolated exposures to a single PAH, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Here, a human monocyte line (U937) was exposed to B[a]P, benz[a]anthracene (B[a]A), or a mixture of six PAHs (6-MIX) to assess the differential toxicity on monocytes. Further, monocytes were exposed to PAHs with and without CYP1A1 inhibitors during macrophage differentiation to delineate PAH exposure and PAH metabolism-driven alterations to the immune response. U937 monocytes exposed to B[a]P, B[a]A, or 6-MIX had higher levels of cellular health and growth not observed following equimolar exposures to other individual PAHs. PAH exposures during differentiation did not alter monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) numbers; however, B[a]A and 6-MIX exposures significantly altered M1/M2 polarization in a CYP1A1-dependent manner. U937-MDM adherence was differentially suppressed by all three PAH treatments with 6-MIX exposed U937-MDM having significantly more adhesion than U937-MDM exposed to either individual PAH. Finally, 6-MIX exposures during differentiation reduced U937-MDM endocytic function significantly less than B[a]A exposed cells. Exposure to a unique PAH mixture during U937-MDM differentiation resulted in mixture-specific alterations of pro-inflammatory markers compared to individual PAH exposures. While subtle, these differences highlight the probability that using a model PAH, B[a]P, may not accurately reflect the effects of PAH mixture exposures. Therefore, future studies should include various PAH mixtures that encompass probable real-world PAH exposures for the endpoints under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C. Tooker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Kevin Quinn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Michael Armstrong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Alison K. Bauer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Nichole Reisdorph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
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45
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Damevska K, Simeonovski V, Darlenski R, Damevska S. How to prevent skin damage from air pollution part 2: Current treatment options. Dermatol Ther 2021; 34:e15132. [PMID: 34528361 DOI: 10.1111/dth.15132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the first part of this review, we have summarized the methods used to examine skin exposure to air pollution and the fundamental concept of skin-exposome interactions. Part 2 of this review focuses on dermatoses, whose aggravation or initiation by air pollution has been confirmed in evidence based medicine manner. Based on the model of photodermatology and photodermatoses, we propose a new concept of "polludermatoses." A key feature of this concept is identifying patients at risk, which will reveal the noxious effects of air pollutants on skin health. Identifying clinical signs of pollution-damaged skin could be beneficial in categorizing conditions caused or exacerbated by exposure to air pollution. Finally, we discuss the current treatment options and the pathogenetic processes targeted by these therapeutics or the development of novel treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Damevska
- Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, University Clinic for Dermatology, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Viktor Simeonovski
- Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, University Clinic for Dermatology, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Razvigor Darlenski
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.,Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
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46
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Moya-Salazar J, Salazar-Hernández R, Rojas-Zumaran V, Cruz-Gonzales G, Contreras-Pulache H. Cost and pollution by the use of xylene in cervical cytology in four Peruvian hospitals. F1000Res 2021; 10:848. [PMID: 35814631 PMCID: PMC9206110 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.52769.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cytological samples are cleared with xylene in two or three baths during a Pap test, however, this solvent has a high degree of toxicity, and being a controlled reagent infers high costs for its purchase and implications for environmental pollution. We estimated the impact of xylene during the Pap test in terms of the number of liters and cost of two baths of xylene, and also estimated the impact with three baths Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in four hospitals of EsSalud in Peru in two stages. First, the analysis of the impact due to the use of two baths of xylene was conducted during the period 2015-2019, and second, the estimates were calculated based on the assumption of three baths of xylene for the years 2020-2025. The assumption was based on the recommendations of the 2018 EsSalud cytology guideline. The monthly amount of xylene was ~10 liters per bath/month and the cost per liter was estimated at 8.13 USD (27 soles). Results: For the staining of 594,898 cytology tests, 7,848 liters of xylene were necessary, resulting in a cost of 60,861 USD (202,068 soles) during the period 2015-2019. The estimates showed a maximum assumption of 9,483 liters and 77,110 USD (256,040 soles) for the use of three baths of xylene in the four EsSalud hospitals (p = 0.0025) during the period 2020-2025. Conclusions: We determined that there was a high economic impact of using xylene with two baths from 2015 to 2019 and a dramatic increase in costs with the possible use of three baths of xylene in the Pap test for the following five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeel Moya-Salazar
- South America Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, +51, Peru
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Nacional Docente Madre Niño San Bartolomé, Lima, +51, Peru
| | | | - Victor Rojas-Zumaran
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Nacional Docente Madre Niño San Bartolomé, Lima, +51, Peru
| | - Gloria Cruz-Gonzales
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Nacional Docente Madre Niño San Bartolomé, Lima, +51, Peru
| | - Hans Contreras-Pulache
- South America Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, +51, Peru
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47
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Moya-Salazar J, Salazar-Hernández R, Rojas-Zumaran V, Cruz-Gonzales G, Contreras-Pulache H. Cost and pollution by the use of xylene in cervical cytology in four Peruvian hospitals. F1000Res 2021; 10:848. [PMID: 35814631 PMCID: PMC9206110 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.52769.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cytological samples are cleared with xylene in two or three baths during a Pap test, however, this solvent has a high degree of toxicity, and being a controlled reagent infers high costs for its purchase and implications for environmental pollution. We estimated the impact of xylene during the Pap test in terms of the number of liters and cost of two baths of xylene, and also estimated the impact with three baths Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in four hospitals of EsSalud in Peru in two stages. First, the analysis of the impact due to the use of two baths of xylene was conducted during the period 2015-2019, and second, the estimates were calculated based on the assumption of three baths of xylene for the years 2020-2025. The assumption was based on the recommendations of the 2018 EsSalud cytology guideline. The monthly amount of xylene was ~10 liters per bath/month and the cost per liter was estimated at 8.13 USD (27 soles). Results: For the staining of 594,898 cytology tests, 7,848 liters of xylene were necessary, resulting in a cost of 60,861 USD (202,068 soles) during the period 2015-2019. The estimates showed a maximum assumption of 9,483 liters and 77,110 USD (256,040 soles) for the use of three baths of xylene in the four EsSalud hospitals (p = 0.0025) during the period 2020-2025. Conclusions: We determined that there was a high economic impact of using xylene with two baths from 2015 to 2019 and a dramatic increase in costs with the possible use of three baths of xylene in the Pap test for the following five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeel Moya-Salazar
- South America Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, +51, Peru
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Nacional Docente Madre Niño San Bartolomé, Lima, +51, Peru
| | | | - Victor Rojas-Zumaran
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Nacional Docente Madre Niño San Bartolomé, Lima, +51, Peru
| | - Gloria Cruz-Gonzales
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Nacional Docente Madre Niño San Bartolomé, Lima, +51, Peru
| | - Hans Contreras-Pulache
- South America Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, +51, Peru
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48
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Moya-Salazar J, Salazar-Hernández R, Rojas-Zumaran V, Cruz-Gonzales G, Contreras-Pulache H. Cost and pollution by the use of xylene in cervical cytology in four Peruvian hospitals. F1000Res 2021; 10:848. [PMID: 35814631 PMCID: PMC9206110 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.52769.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cytological samples are cleared with xylene in two or three baths during a Pap test, however, this solvent has a high degree of toxicity, and being a controlled reagent infers high costs for its purchase and implications for environmental pollution. We estimated the impact of xylene during the Pap test in terms of the number of liters and cost of two baths of xylene, and also estimated the impact with three baths Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in four hospitals of EsSalud in Peru in two stages. First, the analysis of the impact due to the use of two baths of xylene was conducted during the period 2015-2019, and second, the estimates were calculated based on the assumption of three baths of xylene for the years 2020-2025. The assumption was based on the recommendations of the 2018 EsSalud cytology guideline. The monthly amount of xylene was ~10 liters per bath/month and the cost per liter was estimated at 8.13 USD (27 soles). Results: For the staining of 594,898 cytology tests, 7,848 liters of xylene were necessary, resulting in a cost of 60,861 USD (202,068 soles) during the period 2015-2019. The estimates showed a maximum assumption of 9,483 liters and 77,110 USD (256,040 soles) for the use of three baths of xylene in the four EsSalud hospitals (p = 0.0025) during the period 2020-2025. Conclusions: We determined that there was a high economic impact of using xylene with two baths from 2015 to 2019 and a dramatic increase in costs with the possible use of three baths of xylene in the Pap test for the following five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeel Moya-Salazar
- South America Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, +51, Peru
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Nacional Docente Madre Niño San Bartolomé, Lima, +51, Peru
| | | | - Victor Rojas-Zumaran
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Nacional Docente Madre Niño San Bartolomé, Lima, +51, Peru
| | - Gloria Cruz-Gonzales
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Nacional Docente Madre Niño San Bartolomé, Lima, +51, Peru
| | - Hans Contreras-Pulache
- South America Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, +51, Peru
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Lungerich D, Hoelzel H, Harano K, Jux N, Amsharov KY, Nakamura E. A Singular Molecule-to-Molecule Transformation on Video: The Bottom-Up Synthesis of Fullerene C 60 from Truxene Derivative C 60H 30. ACS Nano 2021; 15:12804-12814. [PMID: 34018713 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Singular reaction events of small molecules and their dynamics remain a hardly understood territory in chemical sciences since spectroscopy relies on ensemble-averaged data, and microscopic scanning probe techniques show snapshots of frozen scenes. Herein, we report on continuous high-resolution transmission electron microscopic video imaging of the electron-beam-induced bottom-up synthesis of fullerene C60 through cyclodehydrogenation of tailor-made truxene derivative 1 (C60H30), which was deposited on graphene as substrate. During the reaction, C60H30 transformed in a multistep process to fullerene C60. Hereby, the precursor, metastable intermediates, and the product were identified by correlations with electron dose-corrected molecular simulations and single-molecule statistical analysis, which were substantiated with extensive density functional theory calculations. Our observations revealed that the initial cyclodehydrogenation pathway leads to thermodynamically favored intermediates through seemingly classical organic reaction mechanisms. However, dynamic interactions of the intermediates with the substrate render graphene as a non-innocent participant in the dehydrogenation process, which leads to a deviation from the classical reaction pathway. Our precise visual comprehension of the dynamic transformation implies that the outcome of electron-beam-initiated reactions can be controlled with careful molecular precursor design, which is important for the development and design of materials by electron beam lithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Lungerich
- Center for Nanomedicine (CNM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), IBS Hall, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Helen Hoelzel
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Koji Harano
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Yu Amsharov
- Department of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Eiichi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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50
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Elyamine AM, Kan J, Meng S, Tao P, Wang H, Hu Z. Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacterial and Fungal Degradation of Pyrene: Mechanism Pathway Including Biochemical Reaction and Catabolic Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158202. [PMID: 34360967 PMCID: PMC8347714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial biodegradation is one of the acceptable technologies to remediate and control the pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). Several bacteria, fungi, and cyanobacteria strains have been isolated and used for bioremediation purpose. This review paper is intended to provide key information on the various steps and actors involved in the bacterial and fungal aerobic and anaerobic degradation of pyrene, a high molecular weight PAH, including catabolic genes and enzymes, in order to expand our understanding on pyrene degradation. The aerobic degradation pathway by Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PRY-1 and Mycobactetrium sp. KMS and the anaerobic one, by the facultative bacteria anaerobe Pseudomonas sp. JP1 and Klebsiella sp. LZ6 are reviewed and presented, to describe the complete and integrated degradation mechanism pathway of pyrene. The different microbial strains with the ability to degrade pyrene are listed, and the degradation of pyrene by consortium is also discussed. The future studies on the anaerobic degradation of pyrene would be a great initiative to understand and address the degradation mechanism pathway, since, although some strains are identified to degrade pyrene in reduced or total absence of oxygen, the degradation pathway of more than 90% remains unclear and incomplete. Additionally, the present review recommends the use of the combination of various strains of anaerobic fungi and a fungi consortium and anaerobic bacteria to achieve maximum efficiency of the pyrene biodegradation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohamed Elyamine
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (A.M.E.); (J.K.); (S.M.); (P.T.); (H.W.)
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Comoros, Moroni 269, Comoros
| | - Jie Kan
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (A.M.E.); (J.K.); (S.M.); (P.T.); (H.W.)
| | - Shanshan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (A.M.E.); (J.K.); (S.M.); (P.T.); (H.W.)
| | - Peng Tao
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (A.M.E.); (J.K.); (S.M.); (P.T.); (H.W.)
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (A.M.E.); (J.K.); (S.M.); (P.T.); (H.W.)
| | - Zhong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (A.M.E.); (J.K.); (S.M.); (P.T.); (H.W.)
- Correspondence:
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