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Zhang Y, Pei Y, Sun Y, Yang X, Liang J, Yin Z, Liu QS, Zhou Q, Jiang G. AhR Agonistic Components in Urban Particulate Matter Regulate Astrocytic Activation and Function. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:4571-4580. [PMID: 38430186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) has been found to accelerate the onset of neurological disorders via the induction of detrimental neuroinflammatory responses. To reveal how astrocytes respond to urban atmospheric PM stimulation, a commercially available standard reference material (SRM1648a) was tested in this study on the activation of rat cortical astrocytes. The results showed that SRM1648a stimulation induced both A1 and A2 phenotypes in astrocytes, as characterized by the exposure concentration-dependent increases in Fkbp5, Sphk1, S100a10, and Il6 mRNA levels. Studying the functional alterations of astrocytes indicated that the neurotrophic factors of Gdnf and Ngf were transcriptionally upregulated due to astrocytic A2-type activation. SRM1648a also promoted autonomous motility of astrocytes and elevated the expressions of chemokines. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonistic components, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), were recognized to greatly contribute to SRM1648a-induced effects on astrocytes, which was confirmed by the attenuation of PM-disturbed astrocytic effects via AhR blockage. This study, for the first time, uncovered the direct regulation of urban atmospheric PM on astrocytic activation and function and traced the containing bioactive components (e.g., PAHs) with AhR agonistic activity. The findings provided new knowledge on understanding the ambiguous neurological disturbance from ambient fine PM pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yao Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yumiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaoxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jiefeng Liang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhipeng Yin
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qian S Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Choi S, Yang S, Kim JW, Kwon K, Oh SW, Yu E, Han SB, Kang SH, Lee JH, Ha H, Yoo JK, Kim SY, Kim YS, Cho JY, Lee J. Anti-pollutant effect of oleic acid against urban particulate matter is mediated via regulation of AhR- and TRPV1-mediated signaling in vitro. Environ Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38456238 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Urban Particulate Matter (UPM) induces skin aging and inflammatory responses by regulating skin cells through the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). Although oleic acid, an unsaturated free fatty acid (FFA), has some functional activities, its effect on UPM-induced skin damage has not been elucidated. Here, we investigated signaling pathways on how oleic acid is involved in attenuating UPM induced cell damage. UPM treatment increased XRE-promoter luciferase activity and increased translocation of AhR to the nucleus, resulting in the upregulation of CYP1A1 gene. However, oleic acid treatment attenuated the UPM effects on AhR signaling. Furthermore, while UPM induced activation of TRPV1 and MAPKs signaling which activated the downstream molecules NFκB and AP-1, these effects were reduced by cotreatment with oleic acid. UPM-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduction of cellular proliferation were also attenuated by the treatment of oleic acid. These data reveal that cell damage induced by UPM treatment occurs through AhR signaling and TRPV1 activation which in turn activates ERK and JNK, ultimately inducing NFκB and AP-1 activation. These effects were reduced by the cotreatment of oleic acid on HaCaT cells. These suggest that oleic acid reduces UPM-induced cell damage through inhibiting both the AhR signaling and activation of TRPV1 and its downstream molecules, leading to a reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine and recovery of cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyoung Choi
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| | - Seyoung Yang
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| | - Ji Woong Kim
- Materials Science Research Institute, LABIO, Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Kitae Kwon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| | - Sae Woong Oh
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| | - Eunbi Yu
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| | - Su Bin Han
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Kang
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| | - Heejun Ha
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| | - Jeong Kyun Yoo
- Materials Science Research Institute, LABIO, Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Young Kim
- Materials Science Research Institute, LABIO, Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Soo Kim
- Materials Science Research Institute, LABIO, Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Molecular Immunology Laboratory, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
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Tu M, Liu R, Xue J, Xiao B, Li J, Liang L. Urban Particulate Matter Triggers Meibomian Gland Dysfunction. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:8. [PMID: 38315493 PMCID: PMC10851789 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The meibomian gland (MG), as the largest modified sebaceous gland, is potentially damaged by urban particulate matter (UPM) based on epidemiological evidence, but the specific experimental mechanisms remain unknown. This study investigated the effects of UPM on MG dysfunction (MGD) in rodent models. Methods Female C57BL/6J mice received eye drops containing UPM suspension or PBS for 14 days. The proliferative capacity and progenitor of MG were evaluated by immunofluorescence. Cell apoptosis was confirmed by TUNEL assay, along with the analysis of caspase family expression. Lipid accumulation was visualized by Oil Red O staining and LipidTox staining. Ductal hyperkeratinization, neutrophil infiltration, and pyroptosis activation were detected through immunostaining. The relative gene expression and signaling pathway activation were determined by Western blot analysis. Results Administration of UPM caused MGD-like clinical signs, manifested as distinct corneal epithelial erosion, increased MG orifice occlusion, and glandular dropout. UPM exposure significantly induced progenitor loss, cellular apoptosis, and lipogenic disorder in MG, by reducing P63/Lrig1 expression and increasing cleaved caspase-8, -9, and -3 and meibum lipogenic protein (HMGCR/SREBP-1) expression. UPM-treated mice exhibited ductal hyperkeratinization and neutrophil recruitment. Simultaneously, pyroptosis was motivated, as indicated by the heightened expression of NLRP3 and the cleavage of caspase-1 and -4 and gasdermin D, as well as the increase in IL-1β and IL-18 downstream. The underlying pathological mechanisms of UPM involve the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB. Conclusions These results provided direct evidence for the toxicity of UPM in MG. UPM-induced activation of pyroptosis and mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway might account for the inflammatory MGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqian Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianwen Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
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Park SH, Lee HC, Jeong HM, Lee JS, Cha HJ, Kim CH, Kim J, Song KS. Inhibition of Urban Particulate Matter-Induced Airway Inflammation by RIPK3 through the Regulation of Tight Junction Protein Production. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13320. [PMID: 37686124 PMCID: PMC10487650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Urban particulate matter (UPM) is a high-hazard cause of various diseases in humans, including in the respiratory tract, skin, heart, and even brain. Unfortunately, there is no established treatment for the damage caused by UPM in the respiratory epithelium. In addition, although RIPK3 is known to induce necroptosis, its intracellular role as a negative regulator in human lungs and bronchial epithelia remains unclear. Here, the endogenous expression of RIPK3 was significantly decreased 6 h after exposure to UPM. In RIPK3-ovexpressed cells, RIPK3 was not moved to the cytoplasm from the nucleus. Interestingly, the overexpression of RIPK3 dramatically decreased TEER and F-actin formation. Its overexpression also decreased the expression of genes for pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) and tight junctions (ZO-1, -2, -3, E-cadherin, and claudin) during UPM-induced airway inflammation. Importantly, overexpression of RIPK3 inhibited the UPM-induced ROS production by inhibiting the activation of iNOS and eNOS and by regulating mitochondrial fission processing. In addition, UPM-induced activation of the iκB and NF-κB signaling pathways was dramatically decreased by RIPK3, and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was decreased by inhibiting the iκB signaling pathway. Our data indicated that RIPK3 is essential for the UPM-induced inflammatory microenvironment to maintain homeostasis. Therefore, we suggest that RIPK3 is a potential therapeutic candidate for UPM-induced pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hee Park
- Department of Medical Science, Kosin University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.P.); (H.-C.L.); (H.M.J.)
| | - Hyun-Chae Lee
- Department of Medical Science, Kosin University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.P.); (H.-C.L.); (H.M.J.)
| | - Hye Min Jeong
- Department of Medical Science, Kosin University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.P.); (H.-C.L.); (H.M.J.)
| | - Jeong-Sang Lee
- Department of Functional Foods and Biotechnology, College of Medical Sciences, Jeonju University, 303 Cheonjam-ro, Jeonju 55069, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Department of Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea;
| | - Cheol Hong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang 15588, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jeongtae Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Kosin University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyoung Seob Song
- Department of Medical Science, Kosin University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.P.); (H.-C.L.); (H.M.J.)
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Park SH, Kim JH, Song M, Lee HP, Yoon JH, Kim DS, Jang SG, Kim DS, Cho JY. Chloroform Fraction of Prasiola japonica Ethanolic Extract Alleviates UPM 1648a-Induced Lung Injury by Suppressing NF-κB Signaling. Foods 2022; 12. [PMID: 36613305 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prasiola japonica is an edible alga, and the ethanol extract of P. japonica (Pj-EE) possesses various biological activities. Interestingly, in a recent study, we observed the potent anti-inflammatory activity of the chloroform fraction of Pj-EE (Pj-EE-CF). Thus, to extend the application of Pj-EE-CF, we further studied its effects on lung injury. To establish an experimental model of lung injury, we nasally administered urban particulate matter UPM 1648a (50 mg/kg) to mice. In addition, BEAS-2B cells were treated with 300 μg/mL of UPM 1648a for in vitro analysis. Intranasal administration of UPM 1648a increased lung injury score, macrophage infiltration, and upregulation of the inflammatory enzyme inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lung tissues. On the other hand, oral administration of Pj-EE-CF (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) alleviated these pathological features as assessed by lung wet/dry ratio, lung injury score, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein amount in the lung tissues up to 70%, 95%, and 99%, respectively. In addition, Pj-EE-CF down-regulated the release of inflammatory cytokines, interleukins (ILs), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ elevated by UPM 1648a in the lung tissues and lung BALF up to 95%. According to Western blot and luciferase assay, Pj-EE-CF (100 mg/kg in vivo or 50 and 100 μg/mL in vitro) significantly reduced the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signal activated by UPM 1648a. Finally, UPM 1648a increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in BEAS-2B cells, while Pj-EE-CF reduced them. These results suggest that Pj-EE-CF alleviates UPM 1648a-induced lung damage via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and by suppressing NF-κB signaling. In conclusion, these observations imply that Pj-EE-CF could be a practical component of food supplements to mitigate air pollution-derived lung damage.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to urban particulate matter (UPM) is linked to the aggravation of various health problems. Although the nasal cavity is the first barrier to encounter UPM, there is a lack of studies on the impact of UPM on the olfactory area. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of UPM on mouse olfactory epithelium, the underlying pathophysiology involved, and changes in cytokine levels. METHODS Mice were divided into 4 groups: control, 400UPM (administered 400 µg UPM daily; standard reference material 1649b; average particle diameter 10.5 μm) 1week, 400UPM 2weeks, and recovery 1week after 400UPM 2weeks (n = 10, 6, 6, and 6, respectively). Olfactory function was evaluated by conducting a food-finding test once a week. The olfactory neuroepithelium was harvested for histologic examination, gene ontology, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. RESULTS Compared to those in the control group, olfactory marker protein, olfactory receptor 1507, adenylyl cyclase 3, and GNAL mRNA levels were lower and S-100, 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 30-phosphodiesterase, nerve growth factor receptor-associated protein, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and tachykinin receptor mRNA levels were higher in the 400UPM group olfactory neuroepithelium. There were no significant differences in neuroepithelial inflammatory marker levels between the 400UPM and saline group. CONCLUSIONS UPM decreased olfactory function and might have cytotoxic effects on the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory ensheathing cells and trigeminal nerve might be related to the regeneration of the olfactory epithelium after olfactory destruction associated with UPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boo-Young Kim
- School of Medicine, 26717Ewha Womans University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Y Park
- 65682Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Kwang J Cho
- 65682Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Jung H Bae
- 65682Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
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Zani C, Donato F, Ceretti E, Pedrazzani R, Zerbini I, Gelatti U, Feretti D. Genotoxic Activity of Particulate Matter and In Vivo Tests in Children Exposed to Air Pollution. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18105345. [PMID: 34067860 PMCID: PMC8156021 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to investigate the relationship between micronuclei and DNA damage in children's buccal mucosa cells and the genotoxicity and mutagenicity of the different sized fractions of particulate matter as well as the concentration of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and metals in particulate matter. Air particulate matter was collected by high volume samplers located near the schools attended by the children on the same days of biological samplings. The mutagenic activity was assessed in different cells in in vitro tests (Ames test on bacteria and comet test on leukocytes). Our study showed weak positive correlations between (a) the mutagenicity of the PM0.5 fraction and PAHs and (b) the micronuclei test of children's buccal cells and PAHs detected in PM0.5 and PM0.5-3 fractions. A positive correlation was also found between in vitro comet test on leukocytes and PAHs in the PM3-10 fraction. No correlation was observed for metal concentrations in each PM fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Zani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 11 Viale Europa, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (C.Z.); (E.C.); (I.Z.); (U.G.); (D.F.)
| | - Francesco Donato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 11 Viale Europa, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (C.Z.); (E.C.); (I.Z.); (U.G.); (D.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-030-3717689
| | - Elisabetta Ceretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 11 Viale Europa, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (C.Z.); (E.C.); (I.Z.); (U.G.); (D.F.)
| | - Roberta Pedrazzani
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, 38 via Branze, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Zerbini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 11 Viale Europa, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (C.Z.); (E.C.); (I.Z.); (U.G.); (D.F.)
| | - Umberto Gelatti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 11 Viale Europa, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (C.Z.); (E.C.); (I.Z.); (U.G.); (D.F.)
| | - Donatella Feretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 11 Viale Europa, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (C.Z.); (E.C.); (I.Z.); (U.G.); (D.F.)
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Oh SY, Kim YH, Kang MK, Lee EJ, Kim DY, Oh H, Kim SI, Na W, Kang IJ, Kang YH. Aesculetin Inhibits Airway Thickening and Mucus Overproduction Induced by Urban Particulate Matter through Blocking Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Involving TLR4 and EGFR. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:494. [PMID: 33809902 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is a mixture of solid and liquid air pollutant particles suspended in the air, varying in composition, size, and physical features. PM is the most harmful form of air pollution due to its ability to penetrate deep into the lungs and blood streams, causing diverse respiratory diseases. Aesculetin, a coumarin derivative present in the Sancho tree and chicory, is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in the vascular and immune system. However, its effect on PM-induced airway thickening and mucus hypersecretion is poorly understood. The current study examined whether naturally-occurring aesculetin inhibited airway thickening and mucus hypersecretion caused by urban PM10 (uPM10, particles less than 10 μm). Mice were orally administrated with 10 mg/kg aesculetin and exposed to 6 μg/mL uPM10 for 8 weeks. To further explore the mechanism(s) involved in inhibition of uPM10-induced mucus hypersecretion by aesculetin, bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells were treated with 1–20 µM aesculetin in the presence of 2 μg/mL uPM10. Oral administration of aesculetin attenuated collagen accumulation and mucus hypersecretion in the small airways inflamed by uPM10. In addition, aesculetin inhibited uPM10-evoked inflammation and oxidant production in lung tissues. Further, aesculetin accompanied the inhibition of induction of bronchial epithelial toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EFGR) elevated by uPM10. The inhibition of TLR4 and EGFR accompanied bronchial mucus hypersecretion in the presence of uPM10. Oxidative stress was responsible for the epithelial induction of TLR4 and EGFR, which was disrupted by aesculetin. These results demonstrated that aesculetin ameliorated airway thickening and mucus hypersecretion by uPM10 inhalation by inhibiting pulmonary inflammation via oxidative stress-stimulated TLR4 and EGFR. Therefore, aesculetin may be a promising agent for treating airway mucosa-associated disorders elicited by urban coarse particulates.
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Won HR, Jung SN, Yeo MK, Yi S, Liu L, Lim MA, Oh C, Kang YE, Chang JW, Rha KS, Koo BS. Effect of Urban Particulate Matter on Vocal Fold Fibrosis through the MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186643. [PMID: 32927894 PMCID: PMC7555340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is an environmental exposure factor that adversely affects human health. PM is a risk factor for various diseases. However, the mechanism by which PM affects the vocal folds (VF) has not yet been evaluated. Thus, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of PM on human vocal fold fibroblasts (hVFF) and the underlying signaling pathways. hVFF were isolated from human VF. The effect of PM on hVFF, and the underlying mechanism, were analyzed using Western blot, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and flow cytometry. In addition, a histological evaluation was performed in animal experiments. Cell proliferation decreased after the PM treatment. PM increased the expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PM-treated hVFF and subsequent activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways were confirmed. Furthermore, PM increased the expression of fibrosis-related markers and induced the accumulation of collagen in the extracellular matrix. As a result, PM exposure significantly enhances the inflammatory response on VF through the ROS-mediated activation of the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. In addition, PM promotes differentiation into myofibroblasts and induces fibrosis. These results suggest that PM triggers an inflammatory reaction through ROS production and causes VF fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Ryun Won
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (H.-R.W.); (S.-N.J.); (M.A.L.); (J.W.C.)
| | - Seung-Nam Jung
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (H.-R.W.); (S.-N.J.); (M.A.L.); (J.W.C.)
| | - Min-Kyung Yeo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
| | - Shinae Yi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.Y.); (Y.E.K.)
| | - Lihua Liu
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (L.L.); (C.O.)
| | - Mi Ae Lim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (H.-R.W.); (S.-N.J.); (M.A.L.); (J.W.C.)
| | - Chan Oh
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (L.L.); (C.O.)
| | - Yea Eun Kang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.Y.); (Y.E.K.)
| | - Jae Won Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (H.-R.W.); (S.-N.J.); (M.A.L.); (J.W.C.)
| | - Ki Sang Rha
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (H.-R.W.); (S.-N.J.); (M.A.L.); (J.W.C.)
- Correspondence: (K.S.R.); (B.S.K.); Tel.: +82-42-280-7691 (K.S.R.); +82-42-280-7690 (B.S.K.)
| | - Bon Seok Koo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (H.-R.W.); (S.-N.J.); (M.A.L.); (J.W.C.)
- Correspondence: (K.S.R.); (B.S.K.); Tel.: +82-42-280-7691 (K.S.R.); +82-42-280-7690 (B.S.K.)
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Kang WS, Choi H, Jang G, Lee KH, Kim E, Kim KJ, Jeong GY, Kim JS, Na CS, Kim S. Long-Term Exposure to Urban Particulate Matter on the Ocular Surface and the Incidence of Deleterious Changes in the Cornea, Conjunctiva and Retina in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4976. [PMID: 32674521 PMCID: PMC7404123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the time-dependent deleterious ocular changes induced by urban particulate matter (UPM) in vitro and in vivo. UPM treatment decreased human corneal epithelial cell migration and survival. Fluorescein scores were consistently increased by UPM application for 16 weeks. One week of rest at 2 or 4 weeks led to a recovery trend, whereas two weeks of rest at 8 weeks induced no change. UPM treatment decreased the tear film break-up time at 2 weeks, which was thereafter maintained until 16 weeks. No changes were found after periods of rest. UPM-treated eyes exhibited greater corneal epithelium thickness than normal eyes at 2 weeks, which recovered to normal at 4 and 8 weeks and was significantly decreased at 16 weeks. Apoptotic cell number in the epithelium was increased at 2 weeks, which remained constant except at 8 weeks. IL-6 expression in the cornea of the right eye continually increased for 16 weeks, and significant recovery was only observed at 8 weeks after 2 weeks of rest. Ocular pressure was significantly increased in the right eye at 12 and 16 weeks. Topical UPM application to the eye induced deleterious changes to various closely related parts of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Seok Kang
- Central R&D Center, Bioresources and Technology (B&Tech) Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (W.S.K.); (H.C.); (G.J.); (K.H.L.); (E.K.); (K.J.K.); (G.-Y.J.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Hakjoon Choi
- Central R&D Center, Bioresources and Technology (B&Tech) Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (W.S.K.); (H.C.); (G.J.); (K.H.L.); (E.K.); (K.J.K.); (G.-Y.J.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Goeun Jang
- Central R&D Center, Bioresources and Technology (B&Tech) Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (W.S.K.); (H.C.); (G.J.); (K.H.L.); (E.K.); (K.J.K.); (G.-Y.J.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Ki Hoon Lee
- Central R&D Center, Bioresources and Technology (B&Tech) Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (W.S.K.); (H.C.); (G.J.); (K.H.L.); (E.K.); (K.J.K.); (G.-Y.J.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Eun Kim
- Central R&D Center, Bioresources and Technology (B&Tech) Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (W.S.K.); (H.C.); (G.J.); (K.H.L.); (E.K.); (K.J.K.); (G.-Y.J.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Kyeong Jo Kim
- Central R&D Center, Bioresources and Technology (B&Tech) Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (W.S.K.); (H.C.); (G.J.); (K.H.L.); (E.K.); (K.J.K.); (G.-Y.J.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Gil-Yeon Jeong
- Central R&D Center, Bioresources and Technology (B&Tech) Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (W.S.K.); (H.C.); (G.J.); (K.H.L.); (E.K.); (K.J.K.); (G.-Y.J.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Jin Seok Kim
- Central R&D Center, Bioresources and Technology (B&Tech) Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (W.S.K.); (H.C.); (G.J.); (K.H.L.); (E.K.); (K.J.K.); (G.-Y.J.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Chang-Su Na
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, 185 Geonjae-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do 58245, Korea;
| | - Sunoh Kim
- Central R&D Center, Bioresources and Technology (B&Tech) Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (W.S.K.); (H.C.); (G.J.); (K.H.L.); (E.K.); (K.J.K.); (G.-Y.J.); (J.S.K.)
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Lee TG, Hyun SW, Jo K, Park B, Lee IS, Song SJ, Kim CS. Achyranthis radix Extract Improves Urban Particulate Matter-Induced Dry Eye Disease. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16183229. [PMID: 31487776 PMCID: PMC6765805 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial inflammatory disease that severely impairs patients' quality of life. Particulate matter comprises a harmful mixture of particles less than 10 μm in size, which on contact with the eye, causes inflammation in the cornea/conjunctival epithelium, threatening eye health and triggering the onset of DED. Achyranthis radix is an ingredient of traditional medicine generally used for treating osteoporosis, trauma, and thrombosis in Asian countries. However, the effect of Achyranthis radix on eye health has not been elucidated. In this study, we evaluate the protective effect of Achyranthis radix hot water extract (ARE) in a rat model of urban particulate matter (UPM)-induced DED. UPM with or without ARE were topically administered on both eyes thrice daily for 10 days. ARE induced tear secretion and improved corneal irregularity. Additionally, ARE treatment protected the corneal epithelial cells from UPM-induced apoptosis. It also restored rMuc4 expression in the cornea and increased goblet cell density in the conjunctiva. These results are suggestive of the potential of ARE as a topical therapeutic agent for treating DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Gu Lee
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Soo-Wang Hyun
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Kyuhyung Jo
- Non-clinical Research Collaboration Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Bongkyun Park
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Ik Soo Lee
- Non-clinical Research Collaboration Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Su Jeong Song
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Chan-Sik Kim
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
- Korean Convergence Medicine, University of Science Technology (UST), Daejeon 34054, Korea.
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Hyun SW, Kim J, Park B, Jo K, Lee TG, Kim JS, Kim CS. Apricot Kernel Extract and Amygdalin Inhibit Urban Particulate Matter-Induced Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030650. [PMID: 30759852 PMCID: PMC6384987 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter is a risk factor for various ocular surface diseases, including keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS). In this study, we investigated the protective effects of apricot kernel extract (AKE) and its bioactive compound, amygdalin, on KCS induced by exposure to urban particulate matter (UPM). In the in vivo experiments, eye drops containing 0.5 mg/mL AKE (AKE-0.5) or 1 mg/mL AKE (AKE-1) were administered directly into the eyes of female rats after UPM exposure. Additionally, the effect of AKE and amygdalin on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity and the expressions of inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, was investigated in conjunctival epithelial cells in vitro. Topical administration of AKE-1 attenuated UPM exposure-induced reduction of tear secretion. Both AKE-0.5 and AKE-1 inhibited UPM exposure-induced corneal epithelial damage and irregularity. AKE also protected against UPM exposure-induced disruption of the mucin-4 layer on the ocular surface. In addition, AKE and amygdalin prevented UPM-induced activation of MMPs and upregulation of TNF-α and IL-6 in conjunctival epithelial cells. Therefore, AKE may have protective effects against UPM exposure-induced KCS via the inhibition of MMPs and inflammation. The pharmacological activities of AKE may be in part due to its bioactive compound, amygdalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Wang Hyun
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Junghyun Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
| | - Bongkyun Park
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Kyuhyung Jo
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Tae Gu Lee
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Jin Sook Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Chan-Sik Kim
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
- Korean Medicine Life Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34054, Korea.
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Oszajca M, Wądołek A, Hooper J, Brindell M, van Eldik R, Stochel G. Urban Particulate Matter-Induced Decomposition of S-Nitrosoglutathione Relevant to Aberrant Nitric Oxide Biological Signaling. ChemSusChem 2019; 12:661-671. [PMID: 30427595 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) is associated with hazardous effects on human health. Soluble constituents of PM may be released in biological fluids and disturb the precisely tuned nitric oxide signaling processes. The influence of aqueous extracts from two types of airborne urban PM (SRM 1648a, a commercially available sample, and KR PM2.5, a sample collected "in-house" in Krakow, Poland) on the stability of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) was investigated. The particle interfaces had no direct effect on the studied reaction, but extracts obtained from both samples facilitated NO release from GSNO. The effectiveness of NO release was significantly affected by glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AscA). Examination of the combined influence of Cu2+ , Fe3+ , and reductants on GSNO stability revealed copper to be the main GSNO decomposing species. Computational models of nitrosothiols interacting with metal oxide substrates and solvated metal ions support these claims. The study stresses the importance of the interplay between metal ions and biological reductants in S-nitrosothiols decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Oszajca
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Wądołek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - James Hooper
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Brindell
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Rudi van Eldik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Grażyna Stochel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
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Lee HW, Park SH. Elevated microRNA-135a is associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension in experimental mouse model. Oncotarget 2018; 8:35609-35618. [PMID: 28415675 PMCID: PMC5482602 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple causes are associated with the complex mechanism of pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), but the molecular pathway in the pathogenesis of PAH is still insufficiently understood. In this study, we investigated epigenetic changes that cause PAH induced by exposure to combined Th2 antigen (Ovalbumin, OVA) and urban particulate matter (PM) in mice. To address that, we focused on the epigenetic mechanism, linked to microRNA (miR)-135a. We found that miR-135a levels were significantly increased, and levels of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (BMPR2) which is the target of miR-135a, were significantly decreased in this experimental PAH mouse model. Therefore to evaluate the role of miR-135a, we injected AntagomiR-135a into this mouse model. AntagomiR-135a injected mice showed decreased right ventricular systolic pressures (RVSPs), right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), and the percentage of severely thickened pulmonary arteries compared to control scrambled miRNA injected mice. Both mRNA and protein expression of BMPR2 were recovered in the AntagomiR-135a injected mice compared to control mice. Our study understands if miR-135a could serve as a biomarker helping to manage PAH. The blocking of miR-135a could lead to new therapeutic modalities to alleviate exacerbation of PAH caused by exposure to Th2 antigen and urban air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Wook Lee
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA
| | - Sung-Hyun Park
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA
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Matthews NC, Pfeffer PE, Mann EH, Kelly FJ, Corrigan CJ, Hawrylowicz CM, Lee TH. Urban Particulate Matter-Activated Human Dendritic Cells Induce the Expansion of Potent Inflammatory Th1, Th2, and Th17 Effector Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016. [PMID: 26196219 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0084oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to urban particulate matter (UPM) exacerbates asthmatic lung inflammation. Lung dendritic cells (DCs) are critical for stimulating T cell immunity and in maintaining airway tolerance, but they also react to airway UPM. The adjuvant role of UPM in enhancing primary immune responses by naive cells to allergen has been reported, but the direct effects of UPM-activated DCs on the functionality of human memory CD4 T cells (Tms), which constitute the majority of T cells in the lung, has not been investigated. Blood CD1c(+) DCs were purified and activated with UPM in the presence or absence of house dust mite or tetanus toxoid control antigen. 5-(and -6)-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester-labeled blood Tms were cocultured with autologous DCs, T cell proliferation and effector function were assessed using flow cytometry, and secreted cytokines were measured by combined bead array. UPM-DCs elicited IFN-γ and IL-13 secretion and induced proliferation in Tms isolated from both allergic patients with asthma and healthy control subjects, whereas only IL-13 was produced by Tms from patients with atopic asthma stimulated by house dust mite-loaded DCs. UPM-DCs drove the expansion and differentiation of a mixed population of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell effectors through a mechanism that was dependent on major histocompatibility class II but not on cytokine-driven expansion. The data suggest that UPM not only has adjuvant properties but is also a source of antigen that stimulates the generation of Th2, Th1, and Th17 effector phenotypes, which have been implicated in both exacerbations of asthma and chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick C Matthews
- 1 Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Lung Biology, Medical Research Council-Asthma United Kingdom Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul E Pfeffer
- 1 Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Lung Biology, Medical Research Council-Asthma United Kingdom Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth H Mann
- 1 Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Lung Biology, Medical Research Council-Asthma United Kingdom Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frank J Kelly
- 2 Environmental Research Group, Medical Research Council-Public Health England Centre for Environment and Health, Franklin Wilkins Building, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Christopher J Corrigan
- 1 Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Lung Biology, Medical Research Council-Asthma United Kingdom Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine M Hawrylowicz
- 1 Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Lung Biology, Medical Research Council-Asthma United Kingdom Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tak H Lee
- 1 Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Lung Biology, Medical Research Council-Asthma United Kingdom Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,3 Allergy Centre, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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16
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Chen IC, Huang HH, Chen PF, Chiang HC. Sirtuin 3 Protects against Urban Particulate Matter-Induced Autophagy in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Toxicol Sci 2016; 152:113-27. [PMID: 27125970 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Urban particulate matter (urban PM) is a heterogeneous mixture of various types of particles originating from different sources. Exposure to high concentrations of urban PM leading to adverse health effects is evaluated by using in vitro cultures of human lung epithelial cells. However, the mechanism underlying the correlation between high concentrations of urban PM exposure and adverse health effects has not been fully elucidated; urban PM-induced oxidative stress is considered as an important mechanism of urban PM-mediated cytotoxicity. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a primary mitrochondrial deacetylase, controls cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and expression of antioxidant enzymes. In this study, we examined the role of SIRT3 in the regulation of urban PM-induced oxidative stress in normal primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpiCs). Cell viability showed a time- and concentration-dependent decrease when exposed to urban PM, which could indicate that the amount of lactate dehydrogenase released from the cell in response to urban PM is related to cell viability in HBEpiC. The effects of urban PM on morphological and biochemical markers of autophagy in HBEpiC were analyzed by electron microscopy and Western blotting. Overexpression of SIRT3 inhibited urban PM-induced ROS generation, while concomitantly increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes, and decreasing NF-κB activation and release of inflammation factors. Up-regulation of SIRT3 significantly inhibited the expression of autophagy markers and autophagic vacuole formation. Our findings provide a valuable insight into the potential role of the SIRT3 enzyme in regulating urban PM-induced autophagy by mediating urban PM-induced oxidative stress, which may contribute to urban PM-induced impairment of airway epithelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chieh Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hsiu Huang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fen Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Che Chiang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan Department of Occupational Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Tremlová J, Száková J, Sysalová J, Tlustoš P. Bioavailability of arsenic, cadmium, iron and zinc in leafy vegetables amended with urban particulate matter suspension. J Sci Food Agric 2013; 93:1378-84. [PMID: 23044833 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urban particulate matter (PM) can affect green plants either via deposition on the above-ground biomass, where the contaminants can penetrate the leaf surface, or indirectly via soil-root interaction. This experiment assessed the potential risk of PM-derived risk elements contained in vegetables. The bioavailable portions of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) in leafy vegetables amended by PM via soil and/or foliar application were investigated in a model pot experiment, in which lettuce and chard were cultivated. RESULTS By using the physiologically based extraction test simulating in vitro human digestive processes in the stomach and small intestine, the bioavailable portions of toxic elements from PM-amended plant biomass were extracted. Extractable portions of elements by a simulated gastric solution from biomass decreased for lettuce in the order Zn > Cd > As > Fe; while for chard, the order was As > Zn > Cd > Fe. No significant effects of PM physical fractions or soil were observed. CONCLUSIONS Although the bioavailable element portions in the PM samples were lower compared to plants, the bioavailable element contents in foliar PM-amended plant leaves exceeded the control and soil PM amendment levels, even after biomass washing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Tremlová
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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