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Böhme T, Egeland M, Lorentzen M, Mady MF, Solbakk MF, Sæbø KS, Jørgensen KB. Regiospecific Photochemical Synthesis of Methylchrysenes. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010237. [PMID: 36615430 PMCID: PMC9822284 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are suspected to be some of the toxic compounds in crude oil towards marine life and are needed as single compounds for environmental studies. 1-, 3- and 6-methylchrysene (3a,b,c) were prepared as single isomers by photochemical cyclization of the corresponding stilbenoids in the Mallory reaction using stoichiometric amounts of iodine in 82-88% yield. 2-methylchrysene (3d) was prepared by photochemical cyclization where the regioselectivity was controlled by elimination of an ortho-methoxy group under acidic oxygen free conditions in 72% yield. These conditions failed to form 4-methylchrysene from the corresponding stilbenoid. All stilbenoids were made from a common naphthyl Wittig salt and suitably substituted benzaldehydes. We have also demonstrated that methylchrysenes can be oxidized to the corresponding chrysenecarboxylic acids by KMnO4 in modest yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Böhme
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8600, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Mari Egeland
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8600, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Marianne Lorentzen
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8600, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Mohamed F. Mady
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Michelle F. Solbakk
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8600, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Krister S. Sæbø
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8600, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Kåre B. Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8600, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-51-83-23-06
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Gotsu O, Shiota T, Fukumoto H, Kawasaki-Takasuka T, Yamazaki T, Yajima T, Agou T, Kubota T. Fluorine-Containing Dibenzoanthracene and Benzoperylene-Type Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Synthesis, Structure, and Basic Chemical Properties. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123337. [PMID: 30558365 PMCID: PMC6321064 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramolecular photocyclization of stilbene derivatives (Mallory reaction) is one of the efficient methods for building polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) frameworks, and is also expected to be applicable to synthesis of fluorine-containing PAHs (F-PAHs). In this study, dibenzoanthracene-type (4a) and benzoperylene-type (4b) F-PAHs were synthesized using the Mallory reaction of the 1,4-distyrylbenzene-type π-conjugated molecule (3a), which was prepared by addition-defluorination of available octafluorocyclopentene (OFCP) and aryllithium in three steps. The structure of 4a originating from π⁻π interaction was characterized by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The absorption maxima of UV-Vis spectra and emission maxima of photoluminescence spectra of the PAHs were positioned at a longer wavelength compared to those of the corresponding unsubstituted PAHs, presumably due to the electron-withdrawing nature of perfluorocyclopentene (PFCP) units. The effect of PFCP units in F-PAHs was also studied by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otohiro Gotsu
- Department of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Shiota
- Department of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Fukumoto
- Department of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Kawasaki-Takasuka
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Takashi Yamazaki
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Yajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Agou
- Department of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan.
| | - Toshio Kubota
- Department of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan.
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