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Schieweck R, Götz M. Pan-cellular organelles and suborganelles-from common functions to cellular diversity? Genes Dev 2024; 38:98-114. [PMID: 38485267 PMCID: PMC10982711 DOI: 10.1101/gad.351337.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Cell diversification is at the base of increasing multicellular organism complexity in phylogeny achieved during ontogeny. However, there are also functions common to all cells, such as cell division, cell migration, translation, endocytosis, exocytosis, etc. Here we revisit the organelles involved in such common functions, reviewing recent evidence of unexpected differences of proteins at these organelles. For instance, centrosomes or mitochondria differ significantly in their protein composition in different, sometimes closely related, cell types. This has relevance for development and disease. Particularly striking is the high amount and diversity of RNA-binding proteins at these and other organelles, which brings us to review the evidence for RNA at different organelles and suborganelles. We include a discussion about (sub)organelles involved in translation, such as the nucleolus and ribosomes, for which unexpected cell type-specific diversity has also been reported. We propose here that the heterogeneity of these organelles and compartments represents a novel mechanism for regulating cell diversity. One reason is that protein functions can be multiplied by their different contributions in distinct organelles, as also exemplified by proteins with moonlighting function. The specialized organelles still perform pan-cellular functions but in a cell type-specific mode, as discussed here for centrosomes, mitochondria, vesicles, and other organelles. These can serve as regulatory hubs for the storage and transport of specific and functionally important regulators. In this way, they can control cell differentiation, plasticity, and survival. We further include examples highlighting the relevance for disease and propose to examine organelles in many more cell types for their possible differences with functional relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Schieweck
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council (CNR) Unit at Trento, 38123 Povo, Italy;
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany;
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- SYNERGY, Excellence Cluster of Systems Neurology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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Ramírez M, Arend JM, von Gablenz P, Liesefeld HR, Pörschmann C. Toward Sound Localization Testing in Virtual Reality to Aid in the Screening of Auditory Processing Disorders. Trends Hear 2024; 28:23312165241235463. [PMID: 38425297 PMCID: PMC10908240 DOI: 10.1177/23312165241235463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Sound localization testing is key for comprehensive hearing evaluations, particularly in cases of suspected auditory processing disorders. However, sound localization is not commonly assessed in clinical practice, likely due to the complexity and size of conventional measurement systems, which require semicircular loudspeaker arrays in large and acoustically treated rooms. To address this issue, we investigated the feasibility of testing sound localization in virtual reality (VR). Previous research has shown that virtualization can lead to an increase in localization blur. To measure these effects, we conducted a study with a group of normal-hearing adults, comparing sound localization performance in different augmented reality and VR scenarios. We started with a conventional loudspeaker-based measurement setup and gradually moved to a virtual audiovisual environment, testing sound localization in each scenario using a within-participant design. The loudspeaker-based experiment yielded results comparable to those reported in the literature, and the results of the virtual localization test provided new insights into localization performance in state-of-the-art VR environments. By comparing localization performance between the loudspeaker-based and virtual conditions, we were able to estimate the increase in localization blur induced by virtualization relative to a conventional test setup. Notably, our study provides the first proxy normative cutoff values for sound localization testing in VR. As an outlook, we discuss the potential of a VR-based sound localization test as a suitable, accessible, and portable alternative to conventional setups and how it could serve as a time- and resource-saving prescreening tool to avoid unnecessarily extensive and complex laboratory testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Ramírez
- Institute of Computer and Communication Technology, TH Köln University of Applied Sciences, Cologne, Germany
- Audio Communication Group, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes M. Arend
- Audio Communication Group, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra von Gablenz
- Institute of Hearing Technology and Audiology, Jade University of Applied Sciences and Cluster of Excellence ‘Hearing4all’, Oldenburg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Pörschmann
- Institute of Computer and Communication Technology, TH Köln University of Applied Sciences, Cologne, Germany
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3
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Schreck J, Laukamp KR, Niehoff JH, Michael AE, Boriesosdick J, Wöltjen MM, Kröger JR, Reimer RP, Grunz JP, Borggrefe J, Lennartz S. Metal artifact reduction in patients with total hip replacements: evaluation of clinical photon counting CT using virtual monoenergetic images. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:9286-9295. [PMID: 37436505 PMCID: PMC10667386 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09879-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate photon-counting CT (PCCT)-derived virtual monoenergetic images (VMI) for artifact reduction in patients with unilateral total hip replacements (THR). METHODS Forty-two patients with THR and portal-venous phase PCCT of the abdomen and pelvis were retrospectively included. For the quantitative analysis, region of interest (ROI)-based measurements of hypodense and hyperdense artifacts, as well as of artifact-impaired bone and the urinary bladder, were conducted, and corrected attenuation and image noise were calculated as the difference of attenuation and noise between artifact-impaired and normal tissue. Two radiologists qualitatively evaluated artifact extent, bone assessment, organ assessment, and iliac vessel assessment using 5-point Likert scales. RESULTS VMI110keV yielded a significant reduction of hypo- and hyperdense artifacts compared to conventional polyenergetic images (CI) and the corrected attenuation closest to 0, indicating best possible artifact reduction (hypodense artifacts: CI: 237.8 ± 71.4 HU, VMI110keV: 8.5 ± 122.5 HU; p < 0.05; hyperdense artifacts: CI: 240.6 ± 40.8 HU vs. VMI110keV: 13.0 ± 110.4 HU; p < 0.05). VMI110keV concordantly provided best artifact reduction in the bone and bladder as well as the lowest corrected image noise. In the qualitative assessment, VMI110keV received the best ratings for artifact extent (CI: 2 (1-3), VMI110keV: 3 (2-4); p < 0.05) and bone assessment (CI: 3 (1-4), VMI110keV: 4 (2-5); p < 0.05), whereas organ and iliac vessel assessments were rated highest in CI and VMI70keV. CONCLUSIONS PCCT-derived VMI effectively reduce artifacts from THR and thereby improve assessability of circumjacent bone tissue. VMI110keV yielded optimal artifact reduction without overcorrection, yet organ and vessel assessments at that energy level and higher were impaired by loss of contrast. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT PCCT-enabled artifact reduction is a feasible method for improving assessability of the pelvis in patients with total hip replacements at clinical routine imaging. KEY POINTS • Photon-counting CT-derived virtual monoenergetic images at 110 keV yielded best reduction of hyper- and hypodense artifacts, whereas higher energy levels resulted in artifact overcorrection. • The qualitative artifact extent was reduced best in virtual monoenergetic images at 110 keV, facilitating an improved assessment of the circumjacent bone. • Despite significant artifact reduction, assessment of pelvic organs as well as vessels did not profit from energy levels higher than 70 keV, due to the decline in image contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schreck
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology and Nuclear Medicine, Johannes Wesling University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kai Roman Laukamp
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julius Henning Niehoff
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology and Nuclear Medicine, Johannes Wesling University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Arwed Elias Michael
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology and Nuclear Medicine, Johannes Wesling University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan Boriesosdick
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology and Nuclear Medicine, Johannes Wesling University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthias Michael Wöltjen
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology and Nuclear Medicine, Johannes Wesling University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan Robert Kröger
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology and Nuclear Medicine, Johannes Wesling University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Robert P Reimer
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan-Peter Grunz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Borggrefe
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology and Nuclear Medicine, Johannes Wesling University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Simon Lennartz
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
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Wang F, Chen X, Bo B, Zhang T, Liu K, Jiang J, Wang Y, Xie H, Liang Z, Guan JS. State-dependent memory retrieval: insights from neural dynamics and behavioral perspectives. Learn Mem 2023; 30:325-337. [PMID: 38114331 PMCID: PMC10750866 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053893.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Memory retrieval is strikingly susceptible to external states (environment) and internal states (mood states and alcohol), yet we know little about the underlying mechanisms. We examined how internally generated states influence successful memory retrieval using the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of laboratory mice during memory retrieval. Mice exhibited a strong tendency to perform memory retrieval correctly only in the reinstated mammillary body-inhibited state, in which mice were trained to discriminate auditory stimuli in go/no-go tasks. fMRI revealed that distinct auditory cues engaged differential brain regions, which were primed by internal state. Specifically, a cue associated with a reward activated the lateral amygdala, while a cue signaling no reward predominantly activated the postsubiculum. Modifying these internal states significantly altered the neural activity balance between these regions. Optogenetic inhibition of those regions in the precue period blocked the retrieval of type-specific memories. Our findings suggest that memory retrieval is under the control of two interrelated neural circuits underlying the neural basis of state-dependent memory retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Cerebrovascular Disease Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Binshi Bo
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Sciences and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tianfu Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Kaiyuan Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Life of Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Headache Center, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Hong Xie
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhifeng Liang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Sciences and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ji-Song Guan
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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5
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Pal M, Altamirano-Pacheco L, Schauer T, Torres-Padilla ME. Reorganization of lamina-associated domains in early mouse embryos is regulated by RNA polymerase II activity. Genes Dev 2023; 37:901-912. [PMID: 37914351 PMCID: PMC10691468 DOI: 10.1101/gad.350799.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Fertilization in mammals is accompanied by an intense period of chromatin remodeling and major changes in nuclear organization. How the earliest events in embryogenesis, including zygotic genome activation (ZGA) during maternal-to-zygotic transition, influence such remodeling remains unknown. Here, we have investigated the establishment of nuclear architecture, focusing on the remodeling of lamina-associated domains (LADs) during this transition. We report that LADs reorganize gradually in two-cell embryos and that blocking ZGA leads to major changes in nuclear organization, including altered chromatin and genomic features of LADs and redistribution of H3K4me3 toward the nuclear lamina. Our data indicate that the rearrangement of LADs is an integral component of the maternal-to-zygotic transition and that transcription contributes to shaping nuclear organization at the beginning of mammalian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmoy Pal
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Luis Altamirano-Pacheco
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Tamas Schauer
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Maria-Elena Torres-Padilla
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-81377 München, Germany;
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, D-81377 München, Germany
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6
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Miao X, Müller C, Lutz ND, Yang Q, Waszak F, Born J, Rauss K. Sleep consolidates stimulus-response learning. Learn Mem 2023; 30:175-184. [PMID: 37726140 PMCID: PMC10547380 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053753.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Performing a motor response to a sensory stimulus creates a memory trace whose behavioral correlates are classically investigated in terms of repetition priming effects. Such stimulus-response learning entails two types of associations that are partly independent: (1) an association between the stimulus and the motor response and (2) an association between the stimulus and the classification task in which it is encountered. Here, we tested whether sleep supports long-lasting stimulus-response learning on a task requiring participants (1) for establishing stimulus-classification associations to classify presented objects along two different dimensions ("size" and "mechanical") and (2) as motor response (action) to respond with either the left or right index finger. Moreover, we examined whether strengthening of stimulus-classification associations is preferentially linked to nonrapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep and strengthening of stimulus-action associations to REM sleep. We tested 48 healthy volunteers in a between-subjects design comparing postlearning retention periods of nighttime sleep versus daytime wakefulness. At postretention testing, we found that sleep supports consolidation of both stimulus-action and stimulus-classification associations, as indicated by increased reaction times in "switch conditions"; that is, when, at test, the acutely instructed classification task and/or correct motor response for a given stimulus differed from that during original learning. Polysomnographic recordings revealed that both kinds of associations were correlated with non-REM spindle activity. Our results do not support the view of differential roles for non-REM and REM sleep in the consolidation of stimulus-classification and stimulus-action associations, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Miao
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Carolin Müller
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Nicolas D Lutz
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Qing Yang
- Université Paris Cité, Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, UMR 8002, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris 75006, France
| | - Florian Waszak
- Université Paris Cité, Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, UMR 8002, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris 75006, France
| | - Jan Born
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Karsten Rauss
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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van Beijnum H, Koopmans T, Tomasso A, Disela V, Te Lindert S, Bakkers J, Alemany A, Berezikov E, Bartscherer K. Spatial transcriptomics reveals asymmetric cellular responses to injury in the regenerating spiny mouse ( Acomys) ear. Genome Res 2023; 33:1424-1437. [PMID: 37726147 PMCID: PMC10547259 DOI: 10.1101/gr.277538.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to other mammals, the spiny mouse (Acomys) regenerates skin and ear tissue, which includes hair follicles, glands, and cartilage, in a scar-free manner. Ear punch regeneration is asymmetric with only the proximal wound side participating in regeneration. Here, we show that cues originating from the proximal side are required for normal regeneration and use spatially resolved transcriptomics (tomo-seq) to understand the molecular and cellular events underlying this process. Analyzing gene expression across the ear and comparing expression modules between proximal and distal wound sides, we identify asymmetric gene expression patterns and pinpoint regenerative processes in space and time. Moreover, using a comparative approach with nonregenerative rodents (Mus, Meriones), we strengthen a hypothesis in which particularities in the injury-induced immune response may be one of the crucial determinants for why spiny mice regenerate whereas their relatives do not. Our data are available in SpinyMine, an easy-to-use and expandable web-based tool for exploring Acomys regeneration-associated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriëtte van Beijnum
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences), 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Tim Koopmans
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences), 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Antonio Tomasso
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences), 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Vanessa Disela
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences), 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Severin Te Lindert
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences), 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708WE, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Bakkers
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences), 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Alemany
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, and the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden node, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eugene Berezikov
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Bartscherer
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences), 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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8
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Sun L, Laurila S, Lahesmaa M, Rebelos E, Virtanen KA, Schnabl K, Klingenspor M, Nummenmaa L, Nuutila P. Secretin modulates appetite via brown adipose tissue-brain axis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:1597-1606. [PMID: 36764966 PMCID: PMC10119257 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Secretin activates brown adipose tissue (BAT) and induces satiation in both mice and humans. However, the exact brain mechanism of this satiety inducing, secretin-mediated gut-BAT-brain axis is largely unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS In this placebo-controlled, single-blinded neuroimaging study, firstly using [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET measures (n = 15), we established that secretin modulated brain glucose consumption through the BAT-brain axis. Predominantly, we found that BAT and caudate glucose uptake levels were negatively correlated (r = -0.54, p = 0.037) during secretin but not placebo condition. Then, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI; n = 14), we found that secretin improved inhibitory control and downregulated the brain response to appetizing food images. Finally, in a PET-fMRI fusion analysis (n = 10), we disclosed the patterned correspondence between caudate glucose uptake and neuroactivity to reward and inhibition, showing that the secretin-induced neurometabolic coupling patterns promoted satiation. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that secretin may modulate the BAT-brain metabolic crosstalk and subsequently the neurometabolic coupling to induce satiation. The study advances our understanding of the secretin signaling in motivated eating behavior and highlights the potential role of secretin in treating eating disorders and obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT no. 2016-002373-35, registered 2 June 2016; Clinical Trials no. NCT03290846, registered 25 September 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Sanna Laurila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Minna Lahesmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Eleni Rebelos
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi A Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Katharina Schnabl
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ-Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ-Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Guthmann M, Qian C, Gialdini I, Nakatani T, Ettinger A, Schauer T, Kukhtevich I, Schneider R, Lamb DC, Burton A, Torres-Padilla ME. A change in biophysical properties accompanies heterochromatin formation in mouse embryos. Genes Dev 2023; 37:336-350. [PMID: 37072228 PMCID: PMC10153458 DOI: 10.1101/gad.350353.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The majority of our genome is composed of repeated DNA sequences that assemble into heterochromatin, a highly compacted structure that constrains their mutational potential. How heterochromatin forms during development and how its structure is maintained are not fully understood. Here, we show that mouse heterochromatin phase-separates after fertilization, during the earliest stages of mammalian embryogenesis. Using high-resolution quantitative imaging and molecular biology approaches, we show that pericentromeric heterochromatin displays properties consistent with a liquid-like state at the two-cell stage, which change at the four-cell stage, when chromocenters mature and heterochromatin becomes silent. Disrupting the condensates results in altered transcript levels of pericentromeric heterochromatin, suggesting a functional role for phase separation in heterochromatin function. Thus, our work shows that mouse heterochromatin forms membrane-less compartments with biophysical properties that change during development and provides new insights into the self-organization of chromatin domains during mammalian embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Guthmann
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Chen Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Irene Gialdini
- Department of Chemistry, Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Tsunetoshi Nakatani
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Andreas Ettinger
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Tamas Schauer
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Igor Kukhtevich
- Institute of Functional Epigenetics (IFE), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Robert Schneider
- Institute of Functional Epigenetics (IFE), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Don C Lamb
- Department of Chemistry, Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Adam Burton
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Maria-Elena Torres-Padilla
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-81377 München, Germany;
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, 82152 Planegg, Germany
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10
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Fischer MA, Engelgeh T, Rothe P, Fuchs S, Thürmer A, Halbedel S. Listeria monocytogenes genes supporting growth under standard laboratory cultivation conditions and during macrophage infection. Genome Res 2022; 32:gr.276747.122. [PMID: 36114002 PMCID: PMC9528990 DOI: 10.1101/gr.276747.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Gram-positive bacterium Listeria monocytogenes occurs widespread in the environment and infects humans when ingested along with contaminated food. Such infections are particularly dangerous for risk group patients, for whom they represent a life-threatening disease. To invent novel strategies to control contamination and disease, it is important to identify those cellular processes that maintain pathogen growth inside and outside the host. Here, we have applied transposon insertion sequencing (Tn-Seq) to L. monocytogenes for the identification of such processes on a genome-wide scale. Our approach identified 394 open reading frames that are required for growth under standard laboratory conditions and 42 further genes, which become necessary during intracellular growth in macrophages. Most of these genes encode components of the translation machinery and act in chromosome-related processes, cell division, and biosynthesis of the cellular envelope. Several cofactor biosynthesis pathways and 29 genes with unknown functions are also required for growth, suggesting novel options for the development of antilisterial drugs. Among the genes specifically required during intracellular growth are known virulence factors, genes compensating intracellular auxotrophies, and several cell division genes. Our experiments also highlight the importance of PASTA kinase signaling for general viability and of glycine metabolism and chromosome segregation for efficient intracellular growth of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Fischer
- FG11 Division of Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella, Robert Koch Institute, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Tim Engelgeh
- FG11 Division of Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella, Robert Koch Institute, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Patricia Rothe
- FG11 Division of Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella, Robert Koch Institute, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Stephan Fuchs
- MF1 Bioinformatic Support, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Thürmer
- MF2 Genome Sequencing, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Halbedel
- FG11 Division of Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella, Robert Koch Institute, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany
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11
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Abstract
Sphingolipids are essential metabolites found in all plant species. They are required for plasma membrane integrity, tolerance of and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, and intracellular signalling. There is extensive diversity in the sphingolipid content of different plant species, and in the identities and roles of enzymes required for their processing. In this review, we survey results obtained from investigations of the classical genetic model Arabidopsis thaliana, from assorted dicots with less extensive genetic toolkits, from the model monocot Oryza sativa, and finally from the model bryophyte Physcomitrium patens. For each species or group, we first broadly summarize what is known about sphingolipid content. We then discuss the most insightful and puzzling features of modifications to the hydrophobic ceramides, and to the polar headgroups of complex sphingolipids. Altogether, these data can serve as a framework for our knowledge of sphingolipid metabolism across the plant kingdom. This chemical and metabolic heterogeneity underpins equally diverse functions. With greater availability of different tools for analytical measurements and genetic manipulation, our field is entering an exciting phase of expanding our knowledge of the biological functions of this persistently cryptic class of lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegan M Haslam
- University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
- University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen, Germany
- University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany
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12
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Wieting J, Eberlein C, Bleich S, Frieling H, Deest M. Behavioural change in Prader-Willi syndrome during COVID-19 pandemic. J Intellect Disabil Res 2021; 65:609-616. [PMID: 33754414 PMCID: PMC8251312 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder that in many cases is associated with mental health disorders, in addition to characteristic symptoms such as hyperphagia. The current Sars-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic has led to massive restrictions in health care and social life worldwide. People with PWS represent a particularly vulnerable population group to these restrictions, with unknown impact on their mental health. METHODS We conducted an online questionnaire to assess the impact of the restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of people with PWS. RESULTS One hundred and eight caregivers completed the survey about individuals with PWS. Individuals with PWS > 6 years (n = 89) were included for evaluation with regard to psychopathological change. Respondents frequently reported an increase in psychopathological symptoms associated with PWS during the lockdown, with 51.7% reporting increased temper outbursts, 43.8% showing signs of sadness, 38.2% being anxious, 55.0% more irritable, and 39.3% showing more food seeking behaviour. Adjusted for the type of accommodation food seeking behaviour and irritability is increased to a significantly lesser extent in people with PWS accommodated in specialised care facilities compared with those living in their family home. No significant difference could be found between the sexes. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant effect on the mental health of individuals with PWS, evidenced by an increase in behaviours associated with PWS, including temper outbursts, food-seeking, and irritability, which again underlines their need for specialised care. Individuals living with their families were particularly vulnerable, indicating that they and their families are in special need of support.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Wieting
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and PsychotherapyMedical School HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - C. Eberlein
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and PsychotherapyMedical School HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - S. Bleich
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and PsychotherapyMedical School HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - H. Frieling
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and PsychotherapyMedical School HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - M. Deest
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and PsychotherapyMedical School HannoverHannoverGermany
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13
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Zhao X, Prandstetter K, Jansen E, Hahlweg K, Schulz W, Foran HM. Interparental Relationship Adjustment, Parenting, and Offspring's Cigarette Smoking at the 10-Year Follow-up. Fam Process 2021; 60:523-537. [PMID: 32949416 PMCID: PMC8246760 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Familial influences on children's cigarette smoking have been established, yet little is known about whether these influences in childhood relate to offspring's smoking behavior in adolescence. Drawing on prior work showing that children's emotional and behavioral problems (i.e., internalizing and externalizing behavior problems) are influenced by both interparental and parent-child relationships, we examined whether children's emotional and behavioral problems would further predict their smoking behavior in adolescence. Two hundred and twenty-one families were followed from early childhood (Mage = 4.05 years) to the 10-year follow-up. Interparental relationship adjustment and disagreement, dysfunctional parenting, and children's emotional and behavioral problems were reported by both mothers and fathers. Adolescents' self-reported cigarette smoking status was assessed along with other demographic variables. Using structural equation modeling, the hypothesis was only supported based on mothers' reports, suggesting that early couple relationship adjustment and parenting relate to children's emotional and behavioral problems, which associate with smoking behavior in adolescence. When the hypothesized model was tested with emotional and behavioral problems separately, only behavioral problems were related to adolescent smoking for both parents. Findings from this study support models of family environment and children's behavioral problems, providing evidence of the long-term links with adolescent cigarette smoking behaviors. Further family-focused research and preventive work, for instance, testing the combination of partner support and parent training, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhao
- Institute of PsychologyUniversity of KlagenfurtKlagenfurt am WörtherseeAustria
| | | | - Elena Jansen
- Institute of PsychologyUniversity of KlagenfurtKlagenfurt am WörtherseeAustria
| | - Kurt Hahlweg
- Department of Clinical PsychologyInstitute of PsychologyTechnical University of BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Wolfgang Schulz
- Department of Clinical PsychologyInstitute of PsychologyTechnical University of BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Heather M. Foran
- Institute of PsychologyUniversity of KlagenfurtKlagenfurt am WörtherseeAustria
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14
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Neeraja UV, Rajendrakumar S, Saneesh CS, Dyda V, Knight TM. Fire alters diversity, composition, and structure of dry tropical forests in the Eastern Ghats. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:6593-6603. [PMID: 34141243 PMCID: PMC8207398 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fire is known to have dramatic consequences on forest ecosystems around the world and on the livelihoods of forest-dependent people. While the Eastern Ghats of India have high abundances of fire-prone dry tropical forests, little is known about how fire influences the diversity, composition, and structure of these communities. Our study aimed to fill this knowledge gap by examining the effects of the presence and the absence of recent fire on tropical dry forest communities within the Kadiri watershed, Eastern Ghats. We sampled plots with and without evidence of recent fire in the Eswaramala Reserve Forest in 2008 and 2018. Our results indicate that even though stem density increases in the recently burned areas, species richness is lower because communities become dominated by a few species with fire resistance and tolerance traits, such as thick bark and clonal sprouting. Further, in the presence of fire, the size structure of these fire-tolerant species shifts toward smaller-sized, resprouting individuals. Our results demonstrate that conservation actions are needed to prevent further degradation of forests in this region and the ecosystem services they provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. V. Neeraja
- Institute of BiologyMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - S. Rajendrakumar
- Centre for Sustainable FutureDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceAmrita Vishwa VidyapeethamCoimbatoreIndia
| | - C. S. Saneesh
- Department of Community EcologyHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research‐ UFZHalle (Saale)Germany
- Foundation for Ecological SecurityMadanapalleIndia
| | - Venkat Dyda
- Foundation for Ecological SecurityMadanapalleIndia
| | - Tiffany M. Knight
- Institute of BiologyMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Department of Community EcologyHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research‐ UFZHalle (Saale)Germany
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15
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Maier MJ, Rosenbaum D, Brüne M, Fallgatter AJ, Ehlis A. The impact of TMS-enhanced cognitive control on forgiveness processes. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02131. [PMID: 33784030 PMCID: PMC8119842 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive control is thought to be necessary for forgiveness processes. MATERIALS AND METHODS To examine this correlation, highly impulsive participants, who often fail to inhibit feelings of revenge, received activating theta burst stimulation (TBS) of a classical cognitive control region of the brain, the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC). For testing forgiveness ability participants received verum TBS versus sham TBS in a randomized, double-blinded, within-subjects design. In both sessions, they first learned that there are fair and unfair opponents in an ultimatum game, and subsequently played a dictator game with reversed roles with the option to revenge or forgive the opponents from the previous game. RESULTS Contrary to our hypothesis, activating TBS did not increase forgiving behavior toward unfair opponents. However, it increased the generosity toward previously fair opponents. CONCLUSION As an explanation it is discussed that the TBS can only affect "cold" emotions such as greed, but not the "hot" emotions such as anger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz J. Maier
- Center for Responsible Research and Innovation at the Fraunhofer IAOBerlinGermany
| | - David Rosenbaum
- Psychophysiology and Optical ImagingDepartment of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Martin Brüne
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive MedicineDivision of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Psychiatric Preventive MedicineLWL University Hospital BochumRuhr‐University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Andreas J. Fallgatter
- Psychophysiology and Optical ImagingDepartment of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN)TuebingenGermany
- LEAD Graduate School & Research NetworkUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Ann‐Christine Ehlis
- Psychophysiology and Optical ImagingDepartment of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
- LEAD Graduate School & Research NetworkUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
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16
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Hartleben G, Schorpp K, Kwon Y, Betz B, Tsokanos F, Dantes Z, Schäfer A, Rothenaigner I, Monroy Kuhn JM, Morigny P, Mehr L, Lin S, Seitz S, Tokarz J, Artati A, Adamsky J, Plettenburg O, Lutter D, Irmler M, Beckers J, Reichert M, Hadian K, Zeigerer A, Herzig S, Berriel Diaz M. Combination therapies induce cancer cell death through the integrated stress response and disturbed pyrimidine metabolism. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e12461. [PMID: 33665961 PMCID: PMC8033521 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
By accentuating drug efficacy and impeding resistance mechanisms, combinatorial, multi-agent therapies have emerged as key approaches in the treatment of complex diseases, most notably cancer. Using high-throughput drug screens, we uncovered distinct metabolic vulnerabilities and thereby identified drug combinations synergistically causing a starvation-like lethal catabolic response in tumor cells from different cancer entities. Domperidone, a dopamine receptor antagonist, as well as several tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), including imipramine, induced cancer cell death in combination with the mitochondrial uncoupler niclosamide ethanolamine (NEN) through activation of the integrated stress response pathway and the catabolic CLEAR network. Using transcriptome and metabolome analyses, we characterized a combinatorial response, mainly driven by the transcription factors CHOP and TFE3, which resulted in cell death through enhanced pyrimidine catabolism as well as reduced pyrimidine synthesis. Remarkably, the drug combinations sensitized human organoid cultures to the standard-of-care chemotherapy paclitaxel. Thus, our combinatorial approach could be clinically implemented into established treatment regimen, which would be further facilitated by the advantages of drug repurposing.
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17
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Bailey JD, King AJ, Codling EA, Short AM, Johns GI, Fürtbauer I. "Micropersonality" traits and their implications for behavioral and movement ecology research. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:3264-3273. [PMID: 33841782 PMCID: PMC8019044 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Many animal personality traits have implicit movement-based definitions and can directly or indirectly influence ecological and evolutionary processes. It has therefore been proposed that animal movement studies could benefit from acknowledging and studying consistent interindividual differences (personality), and, conversely, animal personality studies could adopt a more quantitative representation of movement patterns.Using high-resolution tracking data of three-spined stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus), we examined the repeatability of four movement parameters commonly used in the analysis of discrete time series movement data (time stationary, step length, turning angle, burst frequency) and four behavioral parameters commonly used in animal personality studies (distance travelled, space use, time in free water, and time near objects).Fish showed repeatable interindividual differences in both movement and behavioral parameters when observed in a simple environment with two, three, or five shelters present. Moreover, individuals that spent less time stationary, took more direct paths, and less commonly burst travelled (movement parameters), were found to travel farther, explored more of the tank, and spent more time in open water (behavioral parameters).Our case study indicates that the two approaches-quantifying movement and behavioral parameters-are broadly equivalent, and we suggest that movement parameters can be viewed as "micropersonality" traits that give rise to broad-scale consistent interindividual differences in behavior. This finding has implications for both personality and movement ecology research areas. For example, the study of movement parameters may provide a robust way to analyze individual personalities in species that are difficult or impossible to study using standardized behavioral assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. Bailey
- Department of Mathematical SciencesUniversity of EssexColchesterUK
| | - Andrew J. King
- Department of BiosciencesCollege of ScienceSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK
| | | | - Ashley M. Short
- Department of BiosciencesCollege of ScienceSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK
| | - Gemma I. Johns
- Department of BiosciencesCollege of ScienceSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK
| | - Ines Fürtbauer
- Department of BiosciencesCollege of ScienceSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK
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18
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Strieth D, Di Nonno S, Stiefelmaier J, Kollmen J, Geib D, Ulber R. Co-cultivation of diazotrophic terrestrial cyanobacteria and Arabidopsis thaliana. Eng Life Sci 2021; 21:126-136. [PMID: 33716612 PMCID: PMC7923583 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Diazotrophic cyanobacteria are able to fix N2 from the atmosphere and release it as bioavailable nitrogen what other organisms can utilize. Thus, they could be used as living nitrogen supplier whereby the use of fertilizer could be reduced in agricultural industry what results in a decrease of laughing gas released during fertilizer production. The diazotroph cyanobacterium Desmonostoc muscorum (D. muscorum) was characterized in shake flasks cultivated in nitrogen-free and nitrogen-containing medium. Similar growth rates were reached in both cultivations and the release of ammonium by D. muscorum was detected under nitrogen depletion. Subsequently, D. muscorum was co-cultivated with Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) in nitrogen-free medium. Additionally, the plant was cultivated in nitrogen containing and nitrogen-free medium without D. muscorum as reference. A co-cultivation led to higher growth rates of the cyanobacterium and similar growth of A. thaliana with similar maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II compared to the growth of nitrogen containing medium. Further, accumulation of cyanobacterial cells around the roots of A. thaliana was detected, indicating a successfully induced artificial symbiosis. Based on these results, D. muscorum could be a promising cyanobacterium as living nitrogen supplier for plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Strieth
- Bioprocess EngineeringTechnical University KaiserslauternKaiserslauternGermany
| | - Sarah Di Nonno
- Bioprocess EngineeringTechnical University KaiserslauternKaiserslauternGermany
| | - Judith Stiefelmaier
- Bioprocess EngineeringTechnical University KaiserslauternKaiserslauternGermany
| | - Jonas Kollmen
- Bioprocess EngineeringTechnical University KaiserslauternKaiserslauternGermany
| | - Doris Geib
- Bioprocess EngineeringTechnical University KaiserslauternKaiserslauternGermany
| | - Roland Ulber
- Bioprocess EngineeringTechnical University KaiserslauternKaiserslauternGermany
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Beck‐Wödl S, Kehrer C, Harzer K, Haack TB, Bürger F, Haas D, Rieß A, Groeschel S, Krägeloh‐Mann I, Böhringer J. Long-term disease course of two patients with multiple sulfatase deficiency differs from metachromatic leukodystrophy in a broad cohort. JIMD Rep 2021; 58:80-88. [PMID: 33728250 PMCID: PMC7932862 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of formylglycine-generating enzyme due to SUMF1 defects. MSD may be misdiagnosed as metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), as neurological and neuroimaging findings are similar, and arylsulfatase A (ARSA) deficiency and enhanced urinary sulfatide excretion may also occur. While ARSA deficiency seems a cause for neurological symptoms and later neurodegenerative disease course, deficiency of other sulfatases results in clinical features such as dysmorphism, dysostosis, or ichthyosis. We report on a girl and a boy of the same origin presenting with severe ARSA deficiency and neurological and neuroimaging features compatible with MLD. However, exome sequencing revealed not yet described homozygosity of the missense variant c.529G > C, p.Ala177Pro in SUMF1. We asked whether dynamics of disease course differs between MSD and MLD. Comparison to a cohort of 59 MLD patients revealed different disease course concerning onset and disease progression in both MSD patients. The MSD patients showed first gross motor symptoms earlier than most patients with juvenile MLD (<10th percentile of Gross-Motor-Function in MLD [GMFC-MLD] 1). However, subsequent motor decline was more protracted (75th and 90th percentile of GMFC-MLD 2 (loss of independent walking) and 75th percentile of GMFC-MLD 5 (loss of any locomotion)). Language decline started clearly after 50th percentile of juvenile MLD and progressed rapidly. Thus, dynamics of disease course may be a further clue for the characterization of MSD. These data may contribute to knowledge of natural course of ultra-rare MSD and be relevant for counseling and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Beck‐Wödl
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied GenomicsUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Christiane Kehrer
- Department of NeuropediatricsUniversity Children's HospitalTübingenGermany
| | - Klaus Harzer
- Department of NeuropediatricsUniversity Children's HospitalTübingenGermany
| | - Tobias B. Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied GenomicsUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | | | - Dorothea Haas
- Metabolic CentreUniversity Children's HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Angelika Rieß
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied GenomicsUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Samuel Groeschel
- Department of NeuropediatricsUniversity Children's HospitalTübingenGermany
| | | | - Judith Böhringer
- Department of NeuropediatricsUniversity Children's HospitalTübingenGermany
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20
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Thakur MP, Künne T, Unsicker SB, Biere A, Ferlian O, Pruschitzki U, Thouvenot L, Türke M, Eisenhauer N. Invasive earthworms reduce chemical defense and increase herbivory and pathogen infection in native trees. J Ecol 2021; 109:763-775. [PMID: 33664527 PMCID: PMC7891629 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent research shows that earthworms can alter defense traits of plants against herbivores and pathogens by affecting soil biochemistry. Yet, the effects of invasive earthworms on defense traits of native plants from previously earthworm-free ecosystems as well as the consequences for multitrophic interactions are virtually unknown.Here we use a combination of an observational study and a complementary experimental study to investigate the effects of invasive earthworms on leaf defense traits, herbivore damage and pathogen infection in two poplar tree species (Populus balsamifera and Populus tremuloides) native to North American boreal forests.Our observational study showed that earthworm invasion was associated with enhanced leaf herbivory (by leaf-chewing insects) in saplings of both tree species. However, we only detected significant shifts in the concentration of chemical defense compounds in response to earthworm invasion for P. balsamifera. Specifically, leaf phenolic concentrations, including salicinoids and catechin, were lower in P. balsamifera from earthworm-invaded sites.Our experimental study confirmed an earthworm-induced reduction in leaf defense levels in P. balsamifera for one of the defense compounds, tremulacin. The experimental study additionally showed that invasive earthworms reduced leaf dry matter content, potentially increasing leaf palatability, and enhanced susceptibility of trees to infection by a fungal pathogen, but not to aphid infestation, in the same tree species. Synthesis. Our results show that invasive earthworms can decrease the concentrations of some chemical defense compounds in P. balsamifera, which could make them susceptible to leaf-chewing insects. Such potential impacts of invasive earthworms are likely to have implications for tree survival and competition, native tree biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav P. Thakur
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
- Terrestrial Ecology GroupInstitute of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Tom Künne
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Sybille B. Unsicker
- Department of BiochemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany
| | - Arjen Biere
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Olga Ferlian
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Ulrich Pruschitzki
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Lise Thouvenot
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Manfred Türke
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
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Kaiser M, Senkowski D, Keil J. Mediofrontal theta-band oscillations reflect top-down influence in the ventriloquist illusion. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:452-466. [PMID: 33617132 PMCID: PMC7775991 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the ventriloquist illusion, spatially disparate visual signals can influence the perceived location of simultaneous sounds. Previous studies have shown asymmetrical responses in auditory cortical regions following perceived peripheral sound shifts. Moreover, higher-order cortical areas perform inferences on the sources of disparate audiovisual signals. Recent studies have also highlighted top-down influence in the ventriloquist illusion and postulated a governing function of neural oscillations for crossmodal processing. In this EEG study, we analyzed source-reconstructed neural oscillations to address the question of whether perceived sound shifts affect the laterality of auditory responses. Moreover, we investigated the modulation of neural oscillations related to the occurrence of the illusion more generally. With respect to the first question, we did not find evidence for significant changes in the laterality of auditory responses due to perceived sound shifts. However, we found a sustained reduction of mediofrontal theta-band power starting prior to stimulus onset when participants perceived the illusion compared to when they did not perceive the illusion. We suggest that this effect reflects a state of diminished cognitive control, leading to reliance on more readily discriminable visual information and increased crossmodal influence. We conclude that mediofrontal theta-band oscillations serve as a neural mechanism underlying top-down modulation of crossmodal processing in the ventriloquist illusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathis Kaiser
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCharité Universitätsmedizin—BerlinBerlinGermany
- Berlin School of Mind and BrainHumboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Daniel Senkowski
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCharité Universitätsmedizin—BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Julian Keil
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCharité Universitätsmedizin—BerlinBerlinGermany
- Biological PsychologyChristian‐Albrechts‐Universität zu KielKielGermany
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22
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Balard A, Jarquín‐Díaz VH, Jost J, Mittné V, Böhning F, Ďureje Ľ, Piálek J, Heitlinger E. Coupling between tolerance and resistance for two related Eimeria parasite species. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:13938-13948. [PMID: 33391692 PMCID: PMC7771152 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance (host capacity to reduce parasite burden) and tolerance (host capacity to reduce impact on its health for a given parasite burden) manifest two different lines of defense. Tolerance can be independent from resistance, traded off against it, or the two can be positively correlated because of redundancy in underlying (immune) processes. We here tested whether this coupling between tolerance and resistance could differ upon infection with closely related parasite species. We tested this in experimental infections with two parasite species of the genus Eimeria. We measured proxies for resistance (the (inverse of) number of parasite transmission stages (oocysts) per gram of feces at the day of maximal shedding) and tolerance (the slope of maximum relative weight loss compared to day of infection on number of oocysts per gram of feces at the day of maximal shedding for each host strain) in four inbred mouse strains and four groups of F1 hybrids belonging to two mouse subspecies, Mus musculus domesticus and Mus musculus musculus. We found a negative correlation between resistance and tolerance against Eimeria falciformis, while the two are uncoupled against Eimeria ferrisi. We conclude that resistance and tolerance against the first parasite species might be traded off, but evolve more independently in different mouse genotypes against the latter. We argue that evolution of the host immune defenses can be studied largely irrespective of parasite isolates if resistance-tolerance coupling is absent or weak (E. ferrisi) but host-parasite coevolution is more likely observable and best studied in a system with negatively correlated tolerance and resistance (E. falciformis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Balard
- Department of Molecular ParasitologyInstitute for BiologyHumboldt University Berlin (HU)BerlinGermany
- Leibniz‐Institut für Zoo‐ und Wildtierforschung (IZW) im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V.BerlinGermany
| | - Víctor Hugo Jarquín‐Díaz
- Department of Molecular ParasitologyInstitute for BiologyHumboldt University Berlin (HU)BerlinGermany
- Leibniz‐Institut für Zoo‐ und Wildtierforschung (IZW) im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V.BerlinGermany
| | - Jenny Jost
- Department of Molecular ParasitologyInstitute for BiologyHumboldt University Berlin (HU)BerlinGermany
| | - Vivian Mittné
- Department of Molecular ParasitologyInstitute for BiologyHumboldt University Berlin (HU)BerlinGermany
| | - Francisca Böhning
- Department of Molecular ParasitologyInstitute for BiologyHumboldt University Berlin (HU)BerlinGermany
| | - Ľudovít Ďureje
- Research Facility StudenecInstitute of Vertebrate BiologyCzech Academy of SciencesBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Piálek
- Research Facility StudenecInstitute of Vertebrate BiologyCzech Academy of SciencesBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Emanuel Heitlinger
- Department of Molecular ParasitologyInstitute for BiologyHumboldt University Berlin (HU)BerlinGermany
- Leibniz‐Institut für Zoo‐ und Wildtierforschung (IZW) im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V.BerlinGermany
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23
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Völker LA, Brinkkoetter PT, Knöbl PN, Krstic M, Kaufeld J, Menne J, Buxhofer‐Ausch V, Miesbach W. Treatment of acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura without plasma exchange in selected patients under caplacizumab. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:3061-3066. [PMID: 32757435 PMCID: PMC7692904 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (aTTP) is a rare, life-threatening autoimmune thrombotic microangiopathy. Current standard of care is therapeutic plasma exchange, immunosuppression, and caplacizumab, an anti-von Willebrand factor nanobody, which is effective in treating aTTP episodes. PATIENTS/METHODS Here we report on seven episodes of aTTP treated without plasma exchange in six female patients in Germany and Austria. Two episodes were initial presentations of aTTP; in five instances, patients experienced a relapse. In four episodes, moderate to severe organ dysfunction was observed; three cases presented with a mild course. All patients received caplacizumab immediately once aTTP was suspected or diagnosed, and plasma exchange was omitted based on shared decision making between patient and the treating physicians. RESULTS We observed a rapid and robust increase of platelet counts already after the first dose of caplacizumab, leading to a doubling of platelet counts within 17 hours (median), platelet counts normalized (>150 G/L) after median 84 hours. Lactate dehydrogenase, as a surrogate parameter of organ damage, improved in parallel to the platelet counts, indicating resolving microangiopathy. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, in selected cases of acute bouts of aTTP, it seems feasible to delay or omit plasma exchange if platelet counts increase and organ function is stable after start of caplacizumab therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus A. Völker
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)CologneGermany
| | - Paul T. Brinkkoetter
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)CologneGermany
| | - Paul N. Knöbl
- Division of Hematology and HemostasisDepartment of Medicine 1Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Jessica Kaufeld
- Department of Nephrology and HypertensionMedical School HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - Jan Menne
- Department of Nephrology and HypertensionMedical School HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - Veronika Buxhofer‐Ausch
- Department of Internal Medicine I with HematologyStem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical OncologyMedical FacultyJohannes Kepler University LinzLinzAustria
| | - Wolfgang Miesbach
- Department of Haemostaseology and Haemophilia CenterUniversity Hospital FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
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24
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Rich P, Blokpoel M, de Haan R, van Rooij I. How Intractability Spans the Cognitive and Evolutionary Levels of Explanation. Top Cogn Sci 2020; 12:1382-1402. [PMID: 32500619 PMCID: PMC7687229 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The challenge of explaining how cognition can be tractably realized is widely recognized. Classical rationality is thought to be intractable due to its assumptions of optimization and/or domain generality, and proposed solutions therefore drop one or both of these assumptions. We consider three such proposals: Resource-Rationality, the Adaptive Toolbox theory, and Massive Modularity. All three seek to ensure the tractability of cognition by shifting part of the explanation from the cognitive to the evolutionary level: Evolution is responsible for producing the tractable architecture. We consider the three proposals and show that, in each case, the intractability challenge is not thereby resolved, but only relocated from the cognitive level to the evolutionary level. We explain how non-classical accounts do not currently have the upper hand on the new playing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rich
- Philosophy DepartmentUniversity of Hamburg
- Philosophy DepartmentUniversity of Bayreuth
| | - Mark Blokpoel
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and BehaviourRadboud University
| | - Ronald de Haan
- Institute for Logic, Language and ComputationUniversity of Amsterdam
| | - Iris van Rooij
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and BehaviourRadboud University
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25
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Li F, Qu J, Li Y, Wang J, Zhu M, Liu L, Ge J, Duan S, Li T, Bandari VK, Huang M, Zhu F, Schmidt OG. Stamping Fabrication of Flexible Planar Micro-Supercapacitors Using Porous Graphene Inks. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:2001561. [PMID: 33042763 PMCID: PMC7539196 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
High performance, flexibility, safety, and robust integration for micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) are of immense interest for the urgent demand for miniaturized, smart energy-storage devices. However, repetitive photolithography processes in the fabrication of on-chip electronic components including various photoresists, masks, and toxic etchants are often not well-suited for industrial production. Here, a cost-effective stamping strategy is developed for scalable and rapid preparation of graphene-based planar MSCs. Combining stamps with desired shapes and highly conductive graphene inks, flexible MSCs with controlled structures are prepared on arbitrary substrates without any metal current collectors, additives, and polymer binders. The interdigitated MSC exhibits high areal capacitance up to 21.7 mF cm-2 at a current of 0.5 mA and a high power density of 6 mW cm-2 at an energy density of 5 µWh cm-2. Moreover, the MSCs show outstanding cycling performance and remarkable flexibility over 10 000 charge-discharge cycles and 300 bending cycles. In addition, the capacitance and output voltage of the MSCs are easily adjustable through interconnection with well-defined arrangements. The efficient, rapid manufacturing of the graphene-based interdigital MSCs with outstanding flexibility, shape diversity, and high areal capacitance shows great potential in wearable and portable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Material Systems for NanoelectronicsChemnitz University of TechnologyChemnitz09107Germany
- Center for MaterialsArchitectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN)Chemnitz University of TechnologyChemnitz09126Germany
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW DresdenDresden01069Germany
| | - Jiang Qu
- Material Systems for NanoelectronicsChemnitz University of TechnologyChemnitz09107Germany
- Center for MaterialsArchitectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN)Chemnitz University of TechnologyChemnitz09126Germany
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW DresdenDresden01069Germany
| | - Yang Li
- Material Systems for NanoelectronicsChemnitz University of TechnologyChemnitz09107Germany
- Center for MaterialsArchitectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN)Chemnitz University of TechnologyChemnitz09126Germany
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW DresdenDresden01069Germany
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Material Systems for NanoelectronicsChemnitz University of TechnologyChemnitz09107Germany
- Center for MaterialsArchitectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN)Chemnitz University of TechnologyChemnitz09126Germany
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW DresdenDresden01069Germany
| | - Minshen Zhu
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW DresdenDresden01069Germany
| | - Lixiang Liu
- Material Systems for NanoelectronicsChemnitz University of TechnologyChemnitz09107Germany
- Center for MaterialsArchitectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN)Chemnitz University of TechnologyChemnitz09126Germany
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW DresdenDresden01069Germany
| | - Jin Ge
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW DresdenDresden01069Germany
| | - Shengkai Duan
- Material Systems for NanoelectronicsChemnitz University of TechnologyChemnitz09107Germany
- Center for MaterialsArchitectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN)Chemnitz University of TechnologyChemnitz09126Germany
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW DresdenDresden01069Germany
| | - Tianming Li
- Material Systems for NanoelectronicsChemnitz University of TechnologyChemnitz09107Germany
- Center for MaterialsArchitectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN)Chemnitz University of TechnologyChemnitz09126Germany
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW DresdenDresden01069Germany
| | - Vineeth Kumar Bandari
- Material Systems for NanoelectronicsChemnitz University of TechnologyChemnitz09107Germany
- Center for MaterialsArchitectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN)Chemnitz University of TechnologyChemnitz09126Germany
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW DresdenDresden01069Germany
| | - Ming Huang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Feng Zhu
- Material Systems for NanoelectronicsChemnitz University of TechnologyChemnitz09107Germany
- Center for MaterialsArchitectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN)Chemnitz University of TechnologyChemnitz09126Germany
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW DresdenDresden01069Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130022P. R. China
| | - Oliver G. Schmidt
- Material Systems for NanoelectronicsChemnitz University of TechnologyChemnitz09107Germany
- Center for MaterialsArchitectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN)Chemnitz University of TechnologyChemnitz09126Germany
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW DresdenDresden01069Germany
- School of ScienceDresden University of TechnologyDresden01062Germany
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26
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Schoon J, Hesse B, Rakow A, Ort MJ, Lagrange A, Jacobi D, Winter A, Huesker K, Reinke S, Cotte M, Tucoulou R, Marx U, Perka C, Duda GN, Geissler S. Metal-Specific Biomaterial Accumulation in Human Peri-Implant Bone and Bone Marrow. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:2000412. [PMID: 33101844 PMCID: PMC7578891 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Metallic implants are frequently used in medicine to support and replace degenerated tissues. Implant loosening due to particle exposure remains a major cause for revision arthroplasty. The exact role of metal debris in sterile peri-implant inflammation is controversial, as it remains unclear whether and how metals chemically alter and potentially accumulate behind an insulating peri-implant membrane, in the adjacent bone and bone marrow (BM). An intensively focused and bright synchrotron X-ray beam allows for spatially resolving the multi-elemental composition of peri-implant tissues from patients undergoing revision surgery. In peri-implant BM, particulate cobalt (Co) is exclusively co-localized with chromium (Cr), non-particulate Cr accumulates in the BM matrix. Particles consisting of Co and Cr contain less Co than bulk alloy, which indicates a pronounced dissolution capacity. Particulate titanium (Ti) is abundant in the BM and analyzed Ti nanoparticles predominantly consist of titanium dioxide in the anatase crystal phase. Co and Cr but not Ti integrate into peri-implant bone trabeculae. The characteristic of Cr to accumulate in the intertrabecular matrix and trabecular bone is reproducible in a human 3D in vitro model. This study illustrates the importance of updating the view on long-term consequences of biomaterial usage and reveals toxicokinetics within highly sensitive organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janosch Schoon
- Julius Wolff InstituteCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin13353Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative TherapiesBerlin Institute of HealthBerlin10178Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg School for Regenerative TherapiesCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin13353Germany
| | - Bernhard Hesse
- Xploraytion GmbHBerlin10625Germany
- European Synchrotron Radiation FacilityGrenoble38000France
| | - Anastasia Rakow
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative TherapiesBerlin Institute of HealthBerlin10178Germany
- Center for Musculoskeletal SurgeryCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin10117Germany
| | - Melanie J. Ort
- Julius Wolff InstituteCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin13353Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative TherapiesBerlin Institute of HealthBerlin10178Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg School for Regenerative TherapiesCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin13353Germany
| | - Adrien Lagrange
- Xploraytion GmbHBerlin10625Germany
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringInstitute of Materials Science and TechnologiesTechnische Universität BerlinBerlin10623Germany
| | - Dorit Jacobi
- Julius Wolff InstituteCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin13353Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative TherapiesBerlin Institute of HealthBerlin10178Germany
| | | | - Katrin Huesker
- Endocrinology and Immunology DepartmentInstitute for Medical DiagnosticsBerlin12247Germany
| | - Simon Reinke
- Julius Wolff InstituteCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin13353Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative TherapiesBerlin Institute of HealthBerlin10178Germany
| | - Marine Cotte
- European Synchrotron Radiation FacilityGrenoble38000France
- CNRSLaboratoire d'archéologie moléculaire et structuraleLAMSSorbonne UniversitéParis75005France
| | - Remi Tucoulou
- European Synchrotron Radiation FacilityGrenoble38000France
| | | | - Carsten Perka
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative TherapiesBerlin Institute of HealthBerlin10178Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg School for Regenerative TherapiesCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin13353Germany
- Center for Musculoskeletal SurgeryCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin10117Germany
| | - Georg N. Duda
- Julius Wolff InstituteCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin13353Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative TherapiesBerlin Institute of HealthBerlin10178Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg School for Regenerative TherapiesCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin13353Germany
| | - Sven Geissler
- Julius Wolff InstituteCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin13353Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative TherapiesBerlin Institute of HealthBerlin10178Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg School for Regenerative TherapiesCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin13353Germany
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27
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Schwarz L, Karnaushenko DD, Hebenstreit F, Naumann R, Schmidt OG, Medina‐Sánchez M. A Rotating Spiral Micromotor for Noninvasive Zygote Transfer. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:2000843. [PMID: 32999835 PMCID: PMC7509649 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Embryo transfer (ET) is a decisive step in the in vitro fertilization process. In most cases, the embryo is transferred to the uterus after several days of in vitro culture. Although studies have identified the beneficial effects of ET on proper embryo development in the earlier stages, this strategy is compromised by the necessity to transfer early embryos (zygotes) back to the fallopian tube instead of the uterus, which requires a more invasive, laparoscopic procedure, termed zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT). Magnetic micromotors offer the possibility to mitigate such surgical interventions, as they have the potential to transport and deliver cellular cargo such as zygotes through the uterus and fallopian tube noninvasively, actuated by an externally applied rotating magnetic field. This study presents the capture, transport, and release of bovine and murine zygotes using two types of magnetic micropropellers, helix and spiral. Although helices represent an established micromotor architecture, spirals surpass them in terms of motion performance and with their ability to reliably capture and secure the cargo during both motion and transfer between different environments. Herein, this is demonstrated with murine oocytes/zygotes as the cargo; this is the first step toward the application of noninvasive, magnetic micromotor-assisted ZIFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schwarz
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW DresdenHelmholtzstrasse 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Dmitriy D. Karnaushenko
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW DresdenHelmholtzstrasse 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Franziska Hebenstreit
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW DresdenHelmholtzstrasse 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Ronald Naumann
- Transgenic Core FacilityMax Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsPfotenhauerstrasse 10801307DresdenGermany
| | - Oliver G. Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW DresdenHelmholtzstrasse 2001069DresdenGermany
- Material Systems for NanoelectronicsTechnische Universität ChemnitzReichenhainer Strasse 7009126ChemnitzGermany
- NanophysicsTechnische Universität DresdenNöthnitzer Strasse 6101187DresdenGermany
| | - Mariana Medina‐Sánchez
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW DresdenHelmholtzstrasse 2001069DresdenGermany
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28
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Kummer D, Steinbacher T, Schwietzer MF, Thölmann S, Ebnet K. Tetraspanins: integrating cell surface receptors to functional microdomains in homeostasis and disease. Med Microbiol Immunol 2020; 209:397-405. [PMID: 32274581 PMCID: PMC7395057 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-020-00673-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tetraspanins comprise a family of proteins embedded in the membrane through four transmembrane domains. One of the most distinctive features of tetraspanins is their ability to interact with other proteins in the membrane using their extracellular, transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains, allowing them to incorporate several proteins into clusters called tetraspanin-enriched microdomains. The spatial proximity of signaling proteins and their regulators enables a rapid functional cross-talk between these proteins, which is required for a rapid translation of extracellular signals into intracellular signaling cascades. In this article, we highlight a few examples that illustrate how tetraspanin-mediated interactions between cell surface proteins allow their functional cross-talk to regulate intracellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kummer
- Institute-Associated Research Group: Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center (IZKF), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tim Steinbacher
- Institute-Associated Research Group: Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mariel Flavia Schwietzer
- Institute-Associated Research Group: Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sonja Thölmann
- Institute-Associated Research Group: Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Ebnet
- Institute-Associated Research Group: Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center (IZKF), University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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29
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Uhlmann L, Pazen M, van Kemenade BM, Steinsträter O, Harris LR, Kircher T, Straube B. Seeing your own or someone else's hand moving in accordance with your action: The neural interaction of agency and hand identity. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:2474-2489. [PMID: 32090439 PMCID: PMC7268012 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Forward models can predict sensory consequences of self-action, which is reflected by less neural processing for actively than passively generated sensory inputs (BOLD suppression effect). However, it remains open whether forward models take the identity of a moving body part into account when predicting the sensory consequences of an action. In the current study, fMRI was used to investigate the neural correlates of active and passive hand movements during which participants saw either an on-line display of their own hand or someone else's hand moving in accordance with their movement. Participants had to detect delays (0-417 ms) between their movement and the displays. Analyses revealed reduced activation in sensory areas and higher delay detection thresholds for active versus passive movements. Furthermore, there was increased activation in the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the middle temporal gyrus when someone else's hand was seen. Most importantly, in posterior parietal (angular gyrus and precuneus), frontal (middle, superior, and medial frontal gyrus), and temporal (middle temporal gyrus) regions, suppression for actively versus passively generated feedback was stronger when participants were viewing their own compared to someone else's hand. Our results suggest that forward models can take hand identity into account when predicting sensory action consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of MarburgMarburgGermany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB)University of MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Mareike Pazen
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of MarburgMarburgGermany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB)University of MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Bianca M. van Kemenade
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of MarburgMarburgGermany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB)University of MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Olaf Steinsträter
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of MarburgMarburgGermany
- Core Facility Brain ImagingUniversity of MarburgMarburgGermany
| | | | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of MarburgMarburgGermany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB)University of MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Benjamin Straube
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of MarburgMarburgGermany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB)University of MarburgMarburgGermany
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Maslanka Figueroa S, Fleischmann D, Beck S, Tauber P, Witzgall R, Schweda F, Goepferich A. Nanoparticles Mimicking Viral Cell Recognition Strategies Are Superior Transporters into Mesangial Cells. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:1903204. [PMID: 32537398 PMCID: PMC7284201 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Poor drug availability in the tissue of interest is a frequent cause of therapy failure. While nanotechnology has developed a plethora of nanocarriers for drug transport, their ability to unequivocally identify cells of interest remains moderate. Viruses are the ideal nanosized carriers as they are able to address their embedded nucleic acids with high specificity to their host cells. Here, it is reported that particles endowed with a virus-like ability to identify cells by three consecutive checks have a superior ability to recognize mesangial cells (MCs) in vivo compared to conventional nanoparticles. Mimicking the initial viral attachment followed by a stepwise target cell recognition process leads to a 5- to 15-fold higher accumulation in the kidney mesangium and extensive cell uptake compared to particles lacking one or both of the viral traits. These results highlight the relevance that the viral cell identification process has on specificity and its application on the targeting strategies of nanomaterials. More so, these findings pave the way for transporting drugs into the mesangium, a tissue that is pivotal in the development of diabetic nephropathy and for which currently no efficient pharmacotherapy exists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Fleischmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyUniversity of RegensburgRegensburg93053Germany
| | - Sebastian Beck
- Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyUniversity of RegensburgRegensburg93053Germany
| | - Philipp Tauber
- Department of Physiology IIUniversity of RegensburgRegensburg93053Germany
| | - Ralph Witzgall
- Department of Molecular and Cellular AnatomyUniversity of RegensburgRegensburg93053Germany
| | - Frank Schweda
- Department of Physiology IIUniversity of RegensburgRegensburg93053Germany
| | - Achim Goepferich
- Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyUniversity of RegensburgRegensburg93053Germany
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Grupe K, Asuaje Pfeifer M, Dannehl F, Liebmann M, Rustenbeck I, Schürmann A, Scherneck S. Metabolic changes during pregnancy in glucose-intolerant NZO mice: A polygenic model with prediabetic metabolism. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14417. [PMID: 32374082 PMCID: PMC7201426 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complex metabolic disease involving genetic and environmental factors. Recent studies have underlined its heterogeneity, so it is reasonable to divide patients into subpopulations depending on whether an insulin secretion or sensitivity defect is predominant. Since testing for GDM is usually performed in the second trimester, misinterpretation of prediabetes as gestational diabetes may occur. As with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), rodent models are needed for both GDM and prediabetes, but few do exist. Here, we compared the metabolic changes in pregnant normal NMRI mice with those in New Zealand obese (NZO) mice. Male animals of this strain are an established model of T2DM, whereas female mice of this strain are protected from hyperglycemia and β-cell death. We demonstrate that female NZO mice exhibited impaired glucose tolerance, preconceptional hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglucagonemia without any signs of manifest diabetes. The NZO model showed, compared with the NMRI control strain, a reduced proliferative response of the Langerhans islets during pregnancy (3.7 ± 0.4 vs. 7.2 ± 0.8% Ki-67-positive nuclei, p = .004). However, oral glucose tolerance tests revealed improved stimulation of insulin secretion in both strains. But this adaption was not sufficient to prevent impaired glucose tolerance in NZO mice compared with the NMRI control (p = .0002). Interestingly, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was blunted in isolated primary NZO islets in perifusion experiments. In summary, the NZO mouse reflects important characteristics of human GDM and prediabetes in pregnancy and serves as a model for subpopulations with early alterations in glucose metabolism and primary insulin secretion defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Grupe
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical PharmacyTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Melissa Asuaje Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical PharmacyTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Franziska Dannehl
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical PharmacyTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Moritz Liebmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical PharmacyTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Ingo Rustenbeck
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical PharmacyTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Experimental DiabetologyGerman Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐RehbrückeNuthetalGermany
- German Institute for Diabetes Research (DZD)NeuherbergGermany
| | - Stephan Scherneck
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical PharmacyTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
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32
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Kao ML, Stellar S, Solon E, Lordi A, Kasica N, Swain G, Bagel JH, Gurda BL, Vite CH. Pharmacokinetics and distribution of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin following a single intrathecal dose to cats. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:618-634. [PMID: 31707730 PMCID: PMC7317750 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) is an experimental therapy for Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) that reduced neuronal cholesterol and ganglioside storage, reduced Purkinje cell death, and increased lifespan in npc1-/- mice and NPC1 cats. In this study, tissue distribution was investigated in normal cats that received a single 120-mg dose of [14 C]-HP-β-CD (approximately 200 μCi/cat) via the cerebellomedullary cistern (CBMC) and lumbar cistern. One cat was euthanized at each of various time points up to 24 hours postdose for subsequent processing and quantitative whole-body autoradiographic analysis. HP-β-CD-derived radioactivity absorbed from the CBMC was widely distributed to cat tissues; most tissues were observed to have reached their highest concentration at 1 hour postdose. HP-β-CD-derived radioactivity penetrated into the deeper parts of the central nervous system with the highest concentration at 4 hours (403 μg Eq/g or 0.28 mM) and remained high (49.7 μg Eq/g or 0.03 mM) at 24 hours. The relatively long half-life (11-30 hours) in cerebral ventricles and the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain and spinal cord might contribute to the efficacy of HP-β-CD in NPC1 cats. Other tissues with high concentrations of radioactivity were nasal turbinates, pituitary gland, and urinary bladder, while relatively low concentrations were observed in blood and bile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L. Kao
- Janssen Research & DevelopmentLLCRaritanNew Jersey
| | | | - Eric Solon
- Madrigal PharmaceuticalsWest ConshohockenPennsylvania
| | - Alfred Lordi
- XenoBiotic Laboratories, IncPlainsboroNew Jersey
| | - Nicole Kasica
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Gary Swain
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Jessica H. Bagel
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Brittney L. Gurda
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Charles H. Vite
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
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Schrage B, Geelhoed B, Niiranen TJ, Gianfagna F, Vishram‐Nielsen JKK, Costanzo S, Söderberg S, Ojeda FM, Vartiainen E, Donati MB, Magnussen C, Di Castelnuovo A, Camen S, Kontto J, Koenig W, Blankenberg S, de Gaetano G, Linneberg A, Jørgensen T, Zeller T, Kuulasmaa K, Tunstall‐Pedoe H, Hughes M, Iacoviello L, Salomaa V, Schnabel RB. Comparison of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in European Population Cohorts for Predicting Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure, Their Subsequent Onset, and Death. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e015218. [PMID: 32351154 PMCID: PMC7428582 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.015218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Differences in risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) are incompletely understood. Aim of this study was to understand whether risk factors and biomarkers show different associations with incident AF and HF and to investigate predictors of subsequent onset and mortality. Methods and Results In N=58 693 individuals free of AF/HF from 5 population‐based European cohorts, Cox regressions were used to find predictors for AF, HF, subsequent onset, and mortality. Differences between associations were estimated using bootstrapping. Median follow‐up time was 13.8 years, with a mortality of 15.7%. AF and HF occurred in 5.0% and 5.4% of the participants, respectively, with 1.8% showing subsequent onset. Age, male sex, myocardial infarction, body mass index, and NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide) showed similar associations with both diseases. Antihypertensive medication and smoking were stronger predictors of HF than AF. Cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, and hsCRP (high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein) were associated with HF, but not with AF. No variable was exclusively associated with AF. Population‐attributable risks were higher for HF (75.6%) than for AF (30.9%). Age, male sex, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, and NT‐proBNP were associated with subsequent onset, which was associated with the highest all‐cause mortality risk. Conclusions Common risk factors and biomarkers showed different associations with AF and HF, and explained a higher proportion of HF than AF risk. As the subsequent onset of both diseases was strongly associated with mortality, prevention needs to be rigorously addressed and remains challenging, as conventional risk factors explained only 31% of AF risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Schrage
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Heart and Vascular Center HamburgHamburgGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/LuebeckGermany
| | - Bastiaan Geelhoed
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Heart and Vascular Center HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Teemu J. Niiranen
- Division of MedicineTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
- National Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - Francesco Gianfagna
- Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
- Mediterranea CardiocentroNapoliItaly
| | - Julie K. K. Vishram‐Nielsen
- Center for Cardiac, Vascular, Pulmonary and Infectious DiseasesRigshospitaletUniversity Hospital of CopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Clinical Research and PreventionBispebjerg and Frederiksberg HospitalThe Capital Region of DenmarkCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Simona Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and PreventionIRCCS NeuromedPozzilli (IS)Italy
| | - Stefan Söderberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart CentreUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Francisco M. Ojeda
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Heart and Vascular Center HamburgHamburgGermany
| | | | | | - Christina Magnussen
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Heart and Vascular Center HamburgHamburgGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/LuebeckGermany
| | | | - Stephan Camen
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Heart and Vascular Center HamburgHamburgGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/LuebeckGermany
| | - Jukka Kontto
- National Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Deutsches Herzzentrum MünchenTechnische Universität MünchenGermany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical BiometryUniversity of UlmGermany
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Heart and Vascular Center HamburgHamburgGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/LuebeckGermany
| | | | - Allan Linneberg
- Department of Clinical MedicineFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Clinical Research and PreventionBispebjerg and Frederiksberg HospitalThe Capital Region of DenmarkCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- Center for Clinical Research and PreventionBispebjerg and Frederiksberg HospitalThe Capital Region of DenmarkCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Heart and Vascular Center HamburgHamburgGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/LuebeckGermany
| | - Kari Kuulasmaa
- National Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - Hugh Tunstall‐Pedoe
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology UnitInstitute of Cardiovascular ResearchUniversity of DundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Maria Hughes
- Centre of Excellence for Public HealthQueen′s University Belfast,BelfastNorthern Ireland
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
- Department of Epidemiology and PreventionIRCCS NeuromedPozzilli (IS)Italy
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - Renate B. Schnabel
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Heart and Vascular Center HamburgHamburgGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/LuebeckGermany
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Bach S, Biedenkopf N, Grünweller A, Becker S, Hartmann RK. Hexamer phasing governs transcription initiation in the 3'-leader of Ebola virus. RNA 2020; 26:439-453. [PMID: 31924730 PMCID: PMC7075260 DOI: 10.1261/rna.073718.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The genomic, bipartite replication promoter of Ebola virus (EBOV) consists of elements 1 (PE1) and 2 (PE2). PE1 (55 nt at the 3'-terminus) is separated from PE2 (harboring eight 3'-UN5 hexamers) by the transcription start sequence (TSS) of the first nucleoprotein (NP) gene plus a spacer sequence. Insertions or deletions in the spacer were reported to support genome replication if comprising 6 or 12, but not 1/2/3/5/9 nt. This gave rise to the formulation of the "rule of 6" for the EBOV replication promoter. Here, we studied the impact of such hexamer phasing on viral transcription using a series of replication-competent and -deficient monocistronic minigenomes, in which the spacer of the NP gene was mutated or replaced with that of internal EBOV genes and mutated variants thereof. Beyond reporter gene assays, we conducted qRT-PCR to determine the levels of mRNA, genomic and antigenomic RNA. We demonstrate that hexamer phasing is also essential for viral transcription, that UN5 hexamer periodicity extends into PE1 and that the spacer region can be expanded by 48 nt without losses of transcriptional activity. Making the UN5 hexamer phasing continuous between PE1 and PE2 enhanced the efficiency of transcription and replication. We show that the 2 nt preceding the TSS are essential for transcription. We further propose a role for UN5 hexamer phasing in positioning NP during initiation of RNA synthesis, or in dissociation/reassociation of NP from the template RNA strand while threading the RNA through the active site of the elongating polymerase during replication and transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bach
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Biedenkopf
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Arnold Grünweller
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Becker
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Roland K Hartmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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Thakur MP, Phillips HRP, Brose U, De Vries FT, Lavelle P, Loreau M, Mathieu J, Mulder C, Van der Putten WH, Rillig MC, Wardle DA, Bach EM, Bartz MLC, Bennett JM, Briones MJI, Brown G, Decaëns T, Eisenhauer N, Ferlian O, Guerra CA, König‐Ries B, Orgiazzi A, Ramirez KS, Russell DJ, Rutgers M, Wall DH, Cameron EK. Towards an integrative understanding of soil biodiversity. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:350-364. [PMID: 31729831 PMCID: PMC7078968 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Soil is one of the most biodiverse terrestrial habitats. Yet, we lack an integrative conceptual framework for understanding the patterns and mechanisms driving soil biodiversity. One of the underlying reasons for our poor understanding of soil biodiversity patterns relates to whether key biodiversity theories (historically developed for aboveground and aquatic organisms) are applicable to patterns of soil biodiversity. Here, we present a systematic literature review to investigate whether and how key biodiversity theories (species-energy relationship, theory of island biogeography, metacommunity theory, niche theory and neutral theory) can explain observed patterns of soil biodiversity. We then discuss two spatial compartments nested within soil at which biodiversity theories can be applied to acknowledge the scale-dependent nature of soil biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav P. Thakur
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenGelderland, The Netherlands
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigSaxony, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig UniversityLeipzigSaxony, Germany
| | - Helen R. P. Phillips
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigSaxony, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brose
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigSaxony, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University JenaJenaThuringia, Germany
| | - Franciska T. De Vries
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of ManchesterManchesterNorth West England, UK
| | | | - Michel Loreau
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS and Paul Sabatier UniversityMoulisOccitanie, France
| | - Jerome Mathieu
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UPECParisÎle-de-France, France
| | - Christian Mulder
- Department BiologicalGeological and Environmental Sciences, University of CataniaCataniaSicily, Italy
| | - Wim H. Van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenGelderland, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of NematologyWageningen UniversityWageningenGelderland, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias C. Rillig
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of BiologyBerlinGermany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB)BerlinGermany
| | - David A. Wardle
- Asian School for the Environment, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Elizabeth M. Bach
- Department of Biology and School of Global Environmental SustainabilityColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Marie L. C. Bartz
- Center of Functional Ecology, Department of Life SciencesUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraCentro, Portugal
- Universidade Positivo, Rua Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de SouzaCuritiba Paraná, Brazil
| | - Joanne M. Bennett
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigSaxony, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Maria J. I. Briones
- Departamento de Ecología y Biología AnimalUniversidad de VigoVigoGalicien, Spain
| | | | - Thibaud Decaëns
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS–Université de Montpellier–Université Paul‐Valéry Montpellier–EPHE)MontpellierOccitanie, France
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigSaxony, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig UniversityLeipzigSaxony, Germany
| | - Olga Ferlian
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigSaxony, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig UniversityLeipzigSaxony, Germany
| | - Carlos António Guerra
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigSaxony, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Birgitta König‐Ries
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigSaxony, Germany
- Institute of Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University JenaJenaThuringia, Germany
| | - Alberto Orgiazzi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Sustainable Resources DirectorateIspraVareseItaly
| | - Kelly S. Ramirez
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenGelderland, The Netherlands
| | - David J. Russell
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History GörlitzGoerlitzSaxony, Germany
| | - Michiel Rutgers
- National Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenUtrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Diana H. Wall
- Department of Biology and School of Global Environmental SustainabilityColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Erin K. Cameron
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
- Department of Environmental ScienceSaint Mary's UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
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Heyman B, Tulke H, Putri SP, Fukusaki E, Büchs J. Online monitoring of the respiratory quotient reveals metabolic phases during microaerobic 2,3-butanediol production with Bacillus licheniformis. Eng Life Sci 2020; 20:133-144. [PMID: 32874177 PMCID: PMC7447875 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microaerobic cultivation conditions are often beneficial for the biotechnological production of reduced metabolites like 2,3-butanediol. However, due to oxygen limitation, process monitoring based on oxygen transfer rate, or dissolved oxygen measurement provides only limited information. In this study, online monitoring of the respiratory quotient is used to investigate the metabolic activity of Bacillus licheniformis DSM 8785 during mixed acid-2,3-butanediol production under microaerobic conditions. Thereby, the respiratory quotient provides valuable information about different metabolic phases. Based on partial reaction stoichiometries, the metabolic activity in each phase of the cultivation was revealed, explaining the course of the respiratory quotient. This provides profound information on the formation or consumption of glucose, 2,3-butanediol, ethanol and lactate, both, in shake flasks and stirred tank reactor cultivations. Furthermore, the average respiratory quotient correlates with the oxygen availability during the cultivation. Carbon mass balancing revealed that this reflects the increased formation of reduced metabolites with increasing oxygen limitation. The results clearly demonstrate that the respiratory quotient is a valuable online signal to reveal and understand the metabolic activity during microaerobic cultivations. The approach of combining respiratory quotient monitoring with stoichiometric considerations can be applied to other organisms and processes to define suitable cultivation conditions to produce the desired product spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Heyman
- AVT‐Biochemical EngineeringRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Hannah Tulke
- AVT‐Biochemical EngineeringRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Sastia Prama Putri
- Department of BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Eiichiro Fukusaki
- Department of BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Jochen Büchs
- AVT‐Biochemical EngineeringRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
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Goldmann K, Boeddinghaus RS, Klemmer S, Regan KM, Heintz‐Buschart A, Fischer M, Prati D, Piepho H, Berner D, Marhan S, Kandeler E, Buscot F, Wubet T. Unraveling spatiotemporal variability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a temperate grassland plot. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:873-888. [PMID: 31087598 PMCID: PMC7065148 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Soils provide a heterogeneous environment varying in space and time; consequently, the biodiversity of soil microorganisms also differs spatially and temporally. For soil microbes tightly associated with plant roots, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), the diversity of plant partners and seasonal variability in trophic exchanges between the symbionts introduce additional heterogeneity. To clarify the impact of such heterogeneity, we investigated spatiotemporal variation in AMF diversity on a plot scale (10 × 10 m) in a grassland managed at low intensity in southwest Germany. AMF diversity was determined using 18S rDNA pyrosequencing analysis of 360 soil samples taken at six time points within a year. We observed high AMF alpha- and beta-diversity across the plot and at all investigated time points. Relationships were detected between spatiotemporal variation in AMF OTU richness and plant species richness, root biomass, minimal changes in soil texture and pH. The plot was characterized by high AMF turnover rates with a positive spatiotemporal relationship for AMF beta-diversity. However, environmental variables explained only ≈20% of the variation in AMF communities. This indicates that the observed spatiotemporal richness and community variability of AMF was largely independent of the abiotic environment, but related to plant properties and the cooccurring microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezia Goldmann
- Department of Soil EcologyUFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchTheodor‐Lieser‐Straße 4, 06120Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Runa S. Boeddinghaus
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land EvaluationUniversity of HohenheimEmil‐Wolff‐Straße 27, 70599StuttgartGermany
| | - Sandra Klemmer
- Department of Soil EcologyUFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchTheodor‐Lieser‐Straße 4, 06120Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Kathleen M. Regan
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land EvaluationUniversity of HohenheimEmil‐Wolff‐Straße 27, 70599StuttgartGermany
- Ecosystems CenterMarine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Anna Heintz‐Buschart
- Department of Soil EcologyUFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchTheodor‐Lieser‐Straße 4, 06120Halle (Saale)Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigDeutscher Platz 5e, 04103LeipzigGermany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Botanical GardenUniversity of BernAltenbergrain 21, 3013BernSwitzerland
| | - Daniel Prati
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Botanical GardenUniversity of BernAltenbergrain 21, 3013BernSwitzerland
| | - Hans‐Peter Piepho
- Institute of Crop Science, Biostatistics UnitUniversity of HohenheimFruwirthstraße 23, 70599StuttgartGermany
| | - Doreen Berner
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land EvaluationUniversity of HohenheimEmil‐Wolff‐Straße 27, 70599StuttgartGermany
| | - Sven Marhan
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land EvaluationUniversity of HohenheimEmil‐Wolff‐Straße 27, 70599StuttgartGermany
| | - Ellen Kandeler
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land EvaluationUniversity of HohenheimEmil‐Wolff‐Straße 27, 70599StuttgartGermany
| | - François Buscot
- Department of Soil EcologyUFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchTheodor‐Lieser‐Straße 4, 06120Halle (Saale)Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigDeutscher Platz 5e, 04103LeipzigGermany
| | - Tesfaye Wubet
- Department of Soil EcologyUFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchTheodor‐Lieser‐Straße 4, 06120Halle (Saale)Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigDeutscher Platz 5e, 04103LeipzigGermany
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Ullah I, Busch JF, Rabien A, Ergün B, Stamm C, Knosalla C, Hippenstiel S, Reinke P, Kurtz A. Adult Tissue Extracellular Matrix Determines Tissue Specification of Human iPSC-Derived Embryonic Stage Mesodermal Precursor Cells. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:1901198. [PMID: 32154066 PMCID: PMC7055561 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The selection of pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived cells for tissue modeling and cell therapy will be influenced by their response to the tissue environment, including the extracellular matrix (ECM). Whether and how instructive memory is imprinted in adult ECM and able to impact on the tissue specific determination of human PSC-derived developmentally fetal mesodermal precursor (P-meso) cells is investigated. Decellularized ECM (dECM) is generated from human heart, kidney, and lung tissues and recellularized with P-meso cells in a medium not containing any differentiation inducing components. While P-meso cells on kidney dECM differentiate exclusively into nephronal cells, only beating clusters containing mature and immature cardiac cells form on heart dECM. No tissue-specific differentiation of P-meso cells is observed on endoderm-derived lung dECM. P-meso-derived endothelial cells, however, are found on all dECM preparations independent of tissue origin. Clearance of heparan-sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) from dECM abolishes induction of tissue-specific differentiation. It is concluded that HSPG-bound factors on adult tissue-derived ECM are essential and sufficient to induce tissue-specific specification of uncommitted fetal stage precursor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ullah
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative TherapiesCharité Universitätsmedizin BerlinAugustenburger Platz 113353BerlinGermany
| | - Jonas Felix Busch
- Department of UrologyCharité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin10117BerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute for Urologic Research10117BerlinGermany
| | - Anja Rabien
- Department of UrologyCharité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin10117BerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute for Urologic Research10117BerlinGermany
| | - Bettina Ergün
- Department of UrologyCharité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin10117BerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute for Urologic Research10117BerlinGermany
| | - Christof Stamm
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative TherapiesCharité Universitätsmedizin BerlinAugustenburger Platz 113353BerlinGermany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin and German Center for Cardiovascular ResearchAugustenburger Platz 113353BerlinGermany
| | - Christoph Knosalla
- Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin and German Center for Cardiovascular ResearchAugustenburger Platz 113353BerlinGermany
| | - Stefan Hippenstiel
- Department of Infectiology and PneumonologyCharité–Universitätsmedizin BerlinAugustenburger Platz 113353BerlinGermany
| | - Petra Reinke
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative TherapiesCharité Universitätsmedizin BerlinAugustenburger Platz 113353BerlinGermany
| | - Andreas Kurtz
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative TherapiesCharité Universitätsmedizin BerlinAugustenburger Platz 113353BerlinGermany
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Wulff NC, Lehmann GUC. Sexual selection on bushcricket genitalia operates in a mosaic pattern. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:2320-2338. [PMID: 32184984 PMCID: PMC7069301 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In most species with internal fertilization, male genitalia evolve faster than other morphological structures. This holds true for genital titillators, which are used exclusively during mating in several bushcricket subfamilies. Several theories have been proposed for the sexual selection forces driving the evolution of internal genitalia, especially sperm competition, sexually antagonistic coevolution (SAC), and cryptic female choice (CFC). However, it is unclear whether the evolution of genitalia can be described with a single hypothesis or a combination of them. The study of species-specific genitalia action could contribute to the controversial debate about the underlying selective evolutionary forces. We studied female mating behaviors in response to experimentally modified titillators in a phylogenetically nested set of four bushcricket species: Roeseliana roeselii, Pholidoptera littoralis littoralis, Tettigonia viridissima (of the subfamily Tettigoniinae), and Letana inflata (Phaneropterinae). Bushcricket titillators have several potential functions; they stimulate females and suppress female resistance, ensure proper ampulla or spermatophore attachment, and facilitate male fixation. In R. roeselii, titillators stimulate females to accept copulations, supporting sexual selection by CFC. Conversely, titillator modification had no observable effect on the female's behavior in T. viridissima. The titillators of Ph. l. littoralis mechanically support the mating position and the spermatophore transfer, pointing to sexual selection by SAC. Mixed support was found in L. inflata, where manipulation resulted in increased female resistance (evidence for CFC) and mating failures by reduced spermatophore transfer success (evidence for SAC). Sexual selection is highly species-specific with a mosaic support for either cryptic female choice or sexually antagonistic coevolution or a combination of both in the four species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja C. Wulff
- Department of Biology, Evolutionary EcologyHumboldt University BerlinBerlinGermany
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van der Sande MT, Bruelheide H, Dawson W, Dengler J, Essl F, Field R, Haider S, van Kleunen M, Kreft H, Pagel J, Pergl J, Purschke O, Pyšek P, Weigelt P, Winter M, Attorre F, Aubin I, Bergmeier E, Chytrý M, Dainese M, De Sanctis M, Fagundez J, Golub V, Guerin GR, Gutiérrez AG, Jandt U, Jansen F, Jiménez‐Alfaro B, Kattge J, Kearsley E, Klotz S, Kramer K, Moretti M, Niinemets Ü, Peet RK, Penuelas J, Petřík P, Reich PB, Sandel B, Schmidt M, Sibikova M, Violle C, Whitfeld TJS, Wohlgemuth T, Knight TM. Similar factors underlie tree abundance in forests in native and alien ranges. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 2020; 29:281-294. [PMID: 32063745 PMCID: PMC7006795 DOI: 10.1111/geb.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Alien plant species can cause severe ecological and economic problems, and therefore attract a lot of research interest in biogeography and related fields. To identify potential future invasive species, we need to better understand the mechanisms underlying the abundances of invasive tree species in their new ranges, and whether these mechanisms differ between their native and alien ranges. Here, we test two hypotheses: that greater relative abundance is promoted by (a) functional difference from locally co-occurring trees, and (b) higher values than locally co-occurring trees for traits linked to competitive ability. LOCATION Global. TIME PERIOD Recent. MAJOR TAXA STUDIED Trees. METHODS We combined three global plant databases: sPlot vegetation-plot database, TRY plant trait database and Global Naturalized Alien Flora (GloNAF) database. We used a hierarchical Bayesian linear regression model to assess the factors associated with variation in local abundance, and how these relationships vary between native and alien ranges and depend on species' traits. RESULTS In both ranges, species reach highest abundance if they are functionally similar to co-occurring species, yet are taller and have higher seed mass and wood density than co-occurring species. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that light limitation leads to strong environmental and biotic filtering, and that it is advantageous to be taller and have denser wood. The striking similarities in abundance between native and alien ranges imply that information from tree species' native ranges can be used to predict in which habitats introduced species may become dominant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masha T. van der Sande
- Department of Community EcologyHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZHalle (Saale)Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Department of Biological SciencesFlorida Institute of TechnologyMelbourneFlorida
- Institute for Biodiversity & Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Martin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergInstitute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical GardenHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversityDurhamUnited Kingdom
| | - Jürgen Dengler
- Plant Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
- Vegetation EcologyInstitute of Environment and Natural Resources (IUNR), Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW)Switzerland
| | - Franz Essl
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation Ecology and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Richard Field
- School of GeographyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Sylvia Haider
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Martin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergInstitute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical GardenHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and ConservationTaizhou UniversityTaizhouChina
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & BiogeographyUniversity of GoettingenGöttingenGermany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of GoettingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Joern Pagel
- Landscape & Plant EcologyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Jan Pergl
- Institute of BotanyCzech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Oliver Purschke
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Martin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergInstitute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical GardenHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Institute of BotanyCzech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Department of EcologyCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & BiogeographyUniversity of GoettingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Fabio Attorre
- Department of Environmental BiologyUniversity Sapienza of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Isabelle Aubin
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest ServiceNatural Resources CanadaSault Ste MarieOntarioCanada
| | - Erwin Bergmeier
- Vegetation & Phytodiversity AnalysisUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Milan Chytrý
- Department of Botany and ZoologyMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Matteo Dainese
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, BiocenterUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Institute for Alpine EnvironmentEURAC ResearchBolzanoItaly
| | | | - Jaime Fagundez
- Faculty of Science, Department of BiologyUniversity of A CoruñaCoruñaSpain
| | - Valentin Golub
- Institute of Ecology of the Volga River BasinRussian Academy of SciencesTolyattiRussia
| | - Greg R. Guerin
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, School of Biological SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Alvaro G. Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales Renovables, Facultad de Ciencias AgronómicasUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Ute Jandt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Martin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergInstitute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical GardenHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Florian Jansen
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental ScienceUniversity of RostockRostockGermany
| | | | - Jens Kattge
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Max Planck Institute for BiogeochemistryJenaGermany
| | - Elizabeth Kearsley
- Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology (CAVElab)Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Stefan Klotz
- Department of Community EcologyHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZHalle (Saale)Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Koen Kramer
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
- Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra)Wageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Marco Moretti
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Biodiversity and Conservation BiologyBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant BiologyEstonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia
- Estonian Academy of SciencesTallinnEstonia
| | - Robert K. Peet
- Department of BiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | - Josep Penuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UABBarcelonaSpain
- CREAFBarcelonaSpain
| | - Petr Petřík
- Institute of BotanyCzech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Peter B. Reich
- Department of Forest ResourcesUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesota
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrith South DCNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Brody Sandel
- Department of BiologySanta Clara UniversitySanta ClaraCalifornia
| | - Marco Schmidt
- Data and Modelling CentreSenckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK‐F)Frankfurt am MainGermany
- Scientific ServicePalmengarten der Stadt FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Maria Sibikova
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity CenterSlovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Cyrille Violle
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (UMR 5175)CNRS, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, Univ MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Thomas Wohlgemuth
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Tiffany M. Knight
- Department of Community EcologyHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZHalle (Saale)Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Martin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergInstitute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical GardenHalle (Saale)Germany
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Späth M, Klämpfl F, Stelzle F, Hohmann M, Lengenfelder B, Schmidt M. A quantitative evaluation of the use of medical lasers in German hospitals. J Biophotonics 2020; 13:e201900238. [PMID: 31637849 PMCID: PMC7065607 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The laser has become an integral part of modern medicine, procedures based on this technique have found their way into a multitude of medical disciplines. There is, however, no data available on the detailed quantitative development of laser use in the medical sector. This fact gave rise to the idea of the present study, which analyzed the raw data of the quality report of German hospitals with respect to this subject. Over the 9 years of report, a steady increase in the cumulative number of cases was evident, although not all body regions in which the medical laser is used followed this trend. The CO2 laser was found to be the most commonly applied laser, even though a large spectrum of different laser types is used. Based on the present study, the importance of the laser for medical purposes can be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Späth
- Institute of Photonic TechnologiesFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical TechnologiesErlangenGermany
| | - Florian Klämpfl
- Institute of Photonic TechnologiesFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical TechnologiesErlangenGermany
| | - Florian Stelzle
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical TechnologiesErlangenGermany
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryUniversity Hospital ErlangenErlangenGermany
| | - Martin Hohmann
- Institute of Photonic TechnologiesFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical TechnologiesErlangenGermany
| | - Benjamin Lengenfelder
- Institute of Photonic TechnologiesFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical TechnologiesErlangenGermany
| | - Michael Schmidt
- Institute of Photonic TechnologiesFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical TechnologiesErlangenGermany
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Abstract
Bacteria can migrate in groups of flagella-driven cells over semisolid surfaces. This coordinated form of motility is called swarming behavior. Swarming is associated with enhanced virulence and antibiotic resistance of various human pathogens and may be considered as favorable adaptation to the diverse challenges that microbes face in rapidly changing environments. Consequently, the differentiation of motile swarmer cells is tightly regulated and involves multi-layered signaling networks. Controlling swarming behavior is of major interest for the development of novel anti-infective strategies. In addition, compounds that block swarming represent important tools for more detailed insights into the molecular mechanisms of the coordination of bacterial population behavior. Over the past decades, there has been major progress in the discovery of small-molecule modulators and mechanisms that allow selective inhibition of swarming behavior. Herein, an overview of the achievements in the field and future directions and challenges will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Rütschlin
- Department of ChemistryKonstanz Research, School Chemical Biology, ZukunftskollegUniversity of Konstanz78457KonstanzGermany
| | - Thomas Böttcher
- Department of ChemistryKonstanz Research, School Chemical Biology, ZukunftskollegUniversity of Konstanz78457KonstanzGermany
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Abstract
Peroxisomes are multifunctional, dynamic, membrane-bound organelles with important functions in cellular lipid metabolism, rendering them essential for human health and development. Important roles for peroxisomes in signaling and the fine-tuning of cellular processes are emerging, which integrate them in a complex network of interacting cellular compartments. Like many other organelles, peroxisomes communicate through membrane contact sites. For example, peroxisomal growth, positioning, and lipid metabolism involves contacts with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we discuss the most recent findings on peroxisome-organelle interactions including peroxisome-ER interplay at membrane contacts sites, and functional interplay with mitochondria, lysosomes, and lipid droplets in mammalian cells. We address tether proteins, metabolic cooperation, and the impact of peroxisome interactions on human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schrader
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, BiosciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Maki Kamoshita
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, BiosciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Markus Islinger
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty ManheimUniversity of HeidelbergMannheimGermany
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Prox L, Farine D. A framework for conceptualizing dimensions of social organization in mammals. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:791-807. [PMID: 32015844 PMCID: PMC6988527 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian societies represent many different types of social systems. While some aspects of social systems have been extensively studied, there is little consensus on how to conceptualize social organization across species. Here, we present a framework describing eight dimensions of social organization to capture its diversity across mammalian societies. The framework uses simple information that is clearly separated from the three other aspects of social systems: social structure, care system, and mating system. By applying our framework across 208 species of all mammalian taxa, we find a rich multidimensional landscape of social organization. Correlation analysis reveals that the dimensions have relatively high independence, suggesting that social systems are able to evolve different aspects of social behavior without being tied to particular traits. Applying a clustering algorithm allows us to identify the relative importance of key dimensions on patterns of social organization. Finally, mapping mating system onto these clusters shows that social organization represents a distinct aspect of social systems. In the future, this framework will aid reporting on important aspects of natural history in species and facilitate comparative analyses, which ultimately will provide the ability to generate new insights into the primary drivers of social patterns and evolution of sociality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Prox
- Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
- Department of Sociobiology/AnthropologyUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology UnitGerman Primate CenterGöttingenGermany
| | - Damien Farine
- Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
- Department of Collective BehaviourMax Planck Institute for Animal BehaviorKonstanzGermany
- Center for the Advanced Study of Collective BehaviourUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
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Abdala‐Roberts L, Puentes A, Finke DL, Marquis RJ, Montserrat M, Poelman EH, Rasmann S, Sentis A, van Dam NM, Wimp G, Mooney K, Björkman C. Tri-trophic interactions: bridging species, communities and ecosystems. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:2151-2167. [PMID: 31631502 PMCID: PMC6899832 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A vast body of research demonstrates that many ecological and evolutionary processes can only be understood from a tri-trophic viewpoint, that is, one that moves beyond the pairwise interactions of neighbouring trophic levels to consider the emergent features of interactions among multiple trophic levels. Despite its unifying potential, tri-trophic research has been fragmented, following two distinct paths. One has focused on the population biology and evolutionary ecology of simple food chains of interacting species. The other has focused on bottom-up and top-down controls over the distribution of biomass across trophic levels and other ecosystem-level variables. Here, we propose pathways to bridge these two long-standing perspectives. We argue that an expanded theory of tri-trophic interactions (TTIs) can unify our understanding of biological processes across scales and levels of organisation, ranging from species evolution and pairwise interactions to community structure and ecosystem function. To do so requires addressing how community structure and ecosystem function arise as emergent properties of component TTIs, and, in turn, how species traits and TTIs are shaped by the ecosystem processes and the abiotic environment in which they are embedded. We conclude that novel insights will come from applying tri-trophic theory systematically across all levels of biological organisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Abdala‐Roberts
- Departamento de Ecología TropicalCampus de Ciencias Biológicas y AgropecuariasUniversidad Autónoma de YucatánKm. 15.5 Carretera Mérida‐XmatkuilMX‐97000MéridaYucatánMéxico
| | - Adriana Puentes
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 7044SE‐750 07UppsalaSweden
| | - Deborah L. Finke
- Division of Plant SciencesUniversity of Missouri1‐33 Agriculture BuildingUS‐65211ColumbiaMOUSA
| | - Robert J. Marquis
- Department of Biology and the Whitney R. Harris World Ecology CenterUniversity of Missouri–St. Louis1 University BoulevardUS‐63121St. LouisMOUSA
| | - Marta Montserrat
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” (IHSM‐UMA‐CSIC)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasE‐29750Algarrobo‐Costa (Málaga)Spain
| | - Erik H. Poelman
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen UniversityP.O. Box 166700 AAWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Sergio Rasmann
- Institute of BiologyUniversity of NeuchâtelRue Emile‐Argand 11CH‐2000NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Arnaud Sentis
- UMR RECOVERIRSTEAAix Marseille University3275 route Cézanne13182Aix‐en‐ProvenceFrance
| | - Nicole M. van Dam
- Molecular Interaction EcologyFriedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena & German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigDeutscher Platz 5eDE‐04103LeipzigGermany
| | - Gina Wimp
- Department of BiologyGeorgetown University406 Reiss Science BuildingUS‐20057WashingtonDCUSA
| | - Kailen Mooney
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California Irvine321 Steinhaus HallUS‐92697IrvineCAUSA
| | - Christer Björkman
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 7044SE‐750 07UppsalaSweden
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Köhler JM, Kluitmann J, Knauer A. Metal Nano Networks by Potential-Controlled In Situ Assembling of Gold/Silver Nanoparticles. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:1369-1374. [PMID: 31844603 PMCID: PMC6892447 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-spherical Au/Ag nanoparticles can be generated by chemical reduction of silver ions in the presence of preformed gold nanoparticles. The process of particle formation can be controlled by concentrations of ligands and reducing agent. The formation of ellipsoidal, nanorod- and peanut-shaped nanoparticles as well as of more complex fractal nanoassemblies can be explained by changes in particle surface state, electrochemical potential formation and particle-internal self-polarization effects. It is possible to create highly fractal nanoassemblies with sizes between the mid-nanometer and the lower micrometer range. The assemblies are marked by high optical absorption and complex nano-networks of very high surface-to-volume ratios and a granular base structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Michael Köhler
- Techn. University IlmenauInstitute for Micro- and Nanotechnologies/ Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology, PF 10 05 65D-98684IlmenauGermanyGermany
| | - Jonas Kluitmann
- Techn. University IlmenauInstitute for Micro- and Nanotechnologies/ Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology, PF 10 05 65D-98684IlmenauGermany
| | - Andrea Knauer
- Techn. University IlmenauInstitute for Micro- and Nanotechnologies/ Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology, PF 10 05 65D-98684IlmenauGermany
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Tiburcy M, Markov A, Kraemer LK, Christalla P, Rave‐Fraenk M, Fischer HJ, Reichardt HM, Zimmermann W. Regeneration competent satellite cell niches in rat engineered skeletal muscle. FASEB Bioadv 2019; 1:731-746. [PMID: 32123818 PMCID: PMC6996344 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2019-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite cells reside in defined niches and are activated upon skeletal muscle injury to facilitate regeneration. Mechanistic studies of skeletal muscle regeneration are hampered by the inability to faithfully simulate satellite cell biology in vitro. We sought to overcome this limitation by developing tissue engineered skeletal muscle (ESM) with (1) satellite cell niches and (2) the capacity to regenerate after injury. ESMs contained quiescent Pax7-positive satellite cells in morphologically defined niches. Satellite cells could be activated to repair (i) cardiotoxin and (ii) mechanical crush injuries. Activation of the Wnt-pathway was essential for muscle regeneration. Finally, muscle progenitors from the engineered niche developed de novo ESM in vitro and regenerated skeletal muscle after cardiotoxin-induced injury in vivo. We conclude that ESM with functional progenitor niches reminiscent of the in vivo satellite cell niches can be engineered in vitro. ESM may ultimately be exploited in disease modeling, drug screening, or muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Tiburcy
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyGeorg‐August University GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Alex Markov
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyGeorg‐August University GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Lena K. Kraemer
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyGeorg‐August University GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Peter Christalla
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyGeorg‐August University GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Margret Rave‐Fraenk
- Department of Radiation Therapy and RadiooncologyGeorg‐August University GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Henrike J. Fischer
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular ImmunologyGeorg‐August University GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Present address:
Institute for ImmunologyMedical FacultyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Holger M. Reichardt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular ImmunologyGeorg‐August University GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Wolfram‐Hubertus Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyGeorg‐August University GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
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49
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Shahin V, Kouzel IU, Rosso G, Liashkovich I. Nuclear Envelope Permeability Barrier as a Fast-Response Intracellular Mechanostat. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2019; 6:1900709. [PMID: 31728274 PMCID: PMC6839651 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear envelope is an undisputed component of the intracellular mechanotransduction cascades which collect, process, and respond to mechanical stimuli from the environment. At the same time, the nuclear envelope performs the function of a selective barrier between the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. Although the mechanosensing and the barrier functions of the nuclear envelope have both been subjects of intense research, a possible reciprocal relationship between them is only beginning to emerge. In this report, the role of the nucleocytoplasmic permeability barrier is evaluated in nuclear mechanics. Using a combination of atomic force and confocal microscopy, the functional state of the nucleocytoplasmic permeability barrier and the nuclear mechanics is monitored. By modulating the stringency of the barrier and simulating the active transport imbalance across the nuclear envelope, the decisive impact of these parameters on nuclear mechanics is demonstrated. It is concluded that the nucleocytoplasmic barrier is the second essential component of the intracellular mechanostat function performed by the nuclear envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Shahin
- Institute of Physiology IIUniversity of MünsterRobert‐Koch‐Str. 27b48149MünsterGermany
| | - Ivan U. Kouzel
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular BiologyUniversity of BergenThormøhlensgt. 55N‐5006BergenNorway
| | - Gonzalo Rosso
- Institute of Physiology IIUniversity of MünsterRobert‐Koch‐Str. 27b48149MünsterGermany
- Biotechnology CenterTechnical University DresdenTatzberg 47/4901307DresdenGermany
| | - Ivan Liashkovich
- Institute of Physiology IIUniversity of MünsterRobert‐Koch‐Str. 27b48149MünsterGermany
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50
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Li F, Wang J, Liu L, Qu J, Li Y, Bandari VK, Karnaushenko D, Becker C, Faghih M, Kang T, Baunack S, Zhu M, Zhu F, Schmidt OG. Self-Assembled Flexible and Integratable 3D Microtubular Asymmetric Supercapacitors. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2019; 6:1901051. [PMID: 31637162 PMCID: PMC6794616 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of microelectronics has equally rapidly increased the demand for miniaturized energy storage devices. On-chip microsupercapacitors (MSCs), as promising power candidates, possess great potential to complement or replace electrolytic capacitors and microbatteries in various applications. However, the areal capacities and energy densities of the planar MSCs are commonly limited by the low voltage window, the thin layer of the electrode materials and complex fabrication processes. Here, a new-type three-dimensional (3D) tubular asymmetric MSC with small footprint area, high potential window, ultrahigh areal energy density, and long-term cycling stability is fabricated with shapeable materials and photolithographic technologies, which are compatible with modern microelectronic fabrication procedures widely used in industry. Benefiting from the novel architecture, the 3D asymmetric MSC displays an ultrahigh areal capacitance of 88.6 mF cm-2 and areal energy density of 28.69 mW h cm-2, superior to most reported interdigitated MSCs. Furthermore, the 3D tubular MSCs demonstrate remarkable cycling stability and the capacitance retention is up to 91.8% over 12 000 cycles. It is believed that the efficient fabrication methodology can be used to construct various integratable microscale tubular energy storage devices with small footprint area and high performance for miniaturized electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Material Systems for NanoelectronicsChemnitz University of Technology09107ChemnitzGermany
- Center for MaterialsArchitectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN)Chemnitz University of Technology09126ChemnitzGermany
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Material Systems for NanoelectronicsChemnitz University of Technology09107ChemnitzGermany
- Center for MaterialsArchitectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN)Chemnitz University of Technology09126ChemnitzGermany
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Lixiang Liu
- Material Systems for NanoelectronicsChemnitz University of Technology09107ChemnitzGermany
- Center for MaterialsArchitectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN)Chemnitz University of Technology09126ChemnitzGermany
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Jiang Qu
- Material Systems for NanoelectronicsChemnitz University of Technology09107ChemnitzGermany
- Center for MaterialsArchitectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN)Chemnitz University of Technology09126ChemnitzGermany
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Yang Li
- Material Systems for NanoelectronicsChemnitz University of Technology09107ChemnitzGermany
- Center for MaterialsArchitectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN)Chemnitz University of Technology09126ChemnitzGermany
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Vineeth Kumar Bandari
- Material Systems for NanoelectronicsChemnitz University of Technology09107ChemnitzGermany
- Center for MaterialsArchitectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN)Chemnitz University of Technology09126ChemnitzGermany
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Daniil Karnaushenko
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Christian Becker
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Maryam Faghih
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Tong Kang
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Stefan Baunack
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Minshen Zhu
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Feng Zhu
- Material Systems for NanoelectronicsChemnitz University of Technology09107ChemnitzGermany
- Center for MaterialsArchitectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN)Chemnitz University of Technology09126ChemnitzGermany
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Oliver G. Schmidt
- Material Systems for NanoelectronicsChemnitz University of Technology09107ChemnitzGermany
- Center for MaterialsArchitectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN)Chemnitz University of Technology09126ChemnitzGermany
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW Dresden01069DresdenGermany
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