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Álvarez-San Millán A, Iglesias J, Gutkin A, Olivares EI. Progressive attenuation of visual global precedence across healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:893818. [PMID: 36204552 PMCID: PMC9530062 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.893818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the perception of Navon hierarchical stimuli (e.g., large letters made up of small letters), young adults identify large letters faster than small ones (known as 'global advantage') and identify more slowly small letters when they form a different (or incongruent) large letter (known as 'unidirectional global interference'). Since some global/local perceptual alterations might be occurring with aging, we investigated whether these effects vary across healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, the Navon letter task was administered to 26 healthy elderly (HE), 21 adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 26 adults with AD. The same task was administered 1 year later, and different neuropsychological variables were incorporated into the analyses. The cross-sectional study revealed no global advantage but did reveal both global and local interferences in all groups when response times were analyzed. Regarding discrimination sensitivity, HE showed unidirectional global interference, while AD displayed better discrimination of local than global letters in the incongruent condition, which denotes less interference by global distractors than by local ones. The longitudinal study revealed that 1 year later the participants with MCI showed a slowdown in inhibiting local distractors in the global task, revealing a certain bias toward focus in their attention on small stimuli. The elders with AD reflected a generalized slowing of their responses with a clear bias toward local analysis of stimuli, also suggested by their better discrimination in the incongruent local task at the second moment of assessment. Furthermore, all response timing measures in the Navon task were correlated with several neuropsychological indexes of highly sensitive neuropsychological tests, suggesting that performance in this task may also have a potential diagnostic value for differentiating typical from atypical cognitive aging. All these results support the need for a multidomain approach to define neuropsychological markers of progression toward AD, including visual perceptual organization evaluated via measures of performance quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Álvarez-San Millán
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Iglesias
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anahí Gutkin
- Department of Social Psychology and Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ela I. Olivares
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Szara-Bąk M, Baran A, Klimkowicz-Pawlas A, Tkaczewska J, Wojtasik B. Mobility, ecotoxicity, bioaccumulation and sources of trace elements in the bottom sediments of the Rożnów reservoir. Environ Geochem Health 2021; 43:4701-4718. [PMID: 33969453 PMCID: PMC8528782 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00957-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to use of geochemical, chemical, ecotoxicological and biological indicators for a comprehensive assessment of ecological risks related to the mobility, ecotoxicity and bioavailability of trace elements in the bottom sediment of the Rożnów reservoir. The study found three elements deserving attention in the sediments: cadmium, nickel and chromium. Cadmium proved to be the most mobile and bioavailable, although the total cadmium content and geochemical indicators did not reveal any risk to organisms. Geochemical indicators showed that the sediments are contaminated with nickel and chromium, but both elements had a low bioaccumulation factor. Fractional analysis also revealed relatively low mobility of Cr and Ni and a higher potential risk of bioavailability for nickel. Most of the tested sediment samples had low toxicity in relation to the tested organisms. For H. incongruens, 11% of the samples were non-toxic, 50% of the samples had low toxicity, and 39% of the samples were toxic. For A. fischeri, no toxicity was found in 7% of the samples, low toxicity in 76% of the samples and toxicity in 17% of the sediment samples. The As, Cd, Cu content in the F1 fraction correlated significantly positively with the content of these metals in mussel tissues. Both biotesting and chemical analysis can reveal a potential risk to aquatic organisms. For a real assessment of the ecological risks associated with trace elements, it is necessary to use bioindicators taken from the environment and exposed to trace elements in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szara-Bąk
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Baran
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas
- Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Joanna Tkaczewska
- Department of Animal Product Processing, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Wojtasik
- Department of Genetics and Biosystematics, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Asimakopoulos B, Tiptiri‐Kourpeti A, Metallinou C. IGF-I and NGFβ enhance in vitro progressive motility and vitality of human spermatozoa. Reprod Med Biol 2021; 20:361-367. [PMID: 34262405 PMCID: PMC8254174 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Progressive motility (PM) and vitality are positively associated with fertilization ability of spermatozoa. Here, the effects of IGF-I and NGFβ on PM and vitality of human spermatozoa were investigated. METHODS Forty-three volunteers gave semen samples after 2-3 days of sexual abstinence. Each sample was processed with density gradient centrifugation and sperm washing. The pellet was divided into 3 aliquots. An aliquot containing one million of progressively motile spermatozoa was incubated for an hour (37°C) in standard culture medium (control group), and two aliquots with the same number of progressively motile spermatozoa were incubated in medium supplemented with IGF-I or NGFβ. Two concentrations of IGF-I (100 ng/ml and 1000 ng/ml) and NGFβ (0,5 ng/ml and 5 ng/ml) were tested. RESULTS Both growth factors significantly increased PM and vitality in comparison with control either at the low or the high concentration. IGF-I seemed to be more effective than NGFβ. The effects did not seem to be dose dependent with the exception of the effect of IGF-I on vitality. CONCLUSIONS The enhancement of PM and vitality of human spermatozoa by IGF-I and NGFβ opens new ways for the improvement of sperm processing. Further research is needed to determine the most effective concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron Asimakopoulos
- Laboratory of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineSchool of Health SciencesDemocritus University of ThraceAlexandroupolisGreece
| | - Aggeliki Tiptiri‐Kourpeti
- Laboratory of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineSchool of Health SciencesDemocritus University of ThraceAlexandroupolisGreece
| | - Chrysa Metallinou
- Laboratory of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineSchool of Health SciencesDemocritus University of ThraceAlexandroupolisGreece
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Sammon MS, Biewend M, Michael P, Schirra S, Ončák M, Binder WH, Beyer MK. Activation of a Copper Biscarbene Mechano-Catalyst Using Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy Supported by Quantum Chemical Calculations. Chemistry 2021; 27:8723-8729. [PMID: 33822419 PMCID: PMC8251802 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule force spectroscopy allows investigation of the effect of mechanical force on individual bonds. By determining the forces necessary to sufficiently activate bonds to trigger dissociation, it is possible to predict the behavior of mechanophores. The force necessary to activate a copper biscarbene mechano-catalyst intended for self-healing materials was measured. By using a safety line bypassing the mechanophore, it was possible to pinpoint the dissociation of the investigated bond and determine rupture forces to range from 1.6 to 2.6 nN at room temperature in dimethyl sulfoxide. The average length-increase upon rupture of the Cu-C bond, due to the stretching of the safety line, agrees with quantum chemical calculations, but the values exhibit an unusual scattering. This scattering was assigned to the conformational flexibility of the mechanophore, which includes formation of a threaded structure and recoiling of the safety line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Sammon
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte PhysikUniversität InnsbruckTechnikerstraße 256020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Michel Biewend
- Department of Macromolecular ChemistryMartin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenbergvon-Danckelmann-Platz 406120Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Philipp Michael
- Department of Macromolecular ChemistryMartin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenbergvon-Danckelmann-Platz 406120Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Simone Schirra
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte PhysikUniversität InnsbruckTechnikerstraße 256020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte PhysikUniversität InnsbruckTechnikerstraße 256020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Department of Macromolecular ChemistryMartin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenbergvon-Danckelmann-Platz 406120Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Martin K. Beyer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte PhysikUniversität InnsbruckTechnikerstraße 256020InnsbruckAustria
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Clemen R, Freund E, Mrochen D, Miebach L, Schmidt A, Rauch BH, Lackmann J, Martens U, Wende K, Lalk M, Delcea M, Bröker BM, Bekeschus S. Gas Plasma Technology Augments Ovalbumin Immunogenicity and OT-II T Cell Activation Conferring Tumor Protection in Mice. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:2003395. [PMID: 34026437 PMCID: PMC8132054 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS/RNS) are produced during inflammation and elicit protein modifications, but the immunological consequences are largely unknown. Gas plasma technology capable of generating an unmatched variety of ROS/RNS is deployed to mimic inflammation and study the significance of ROS/RNS modifications using the model protein chicken ovalbumin (Ova vs oxOva). Dynamic light scattering and circular dichroism spectroscopy reveal structural modifications in oxOva compared to Ova. T cells from Ova-specific OT-II but not from C57BL/6 or SKH-1 wild type mice presents enhanced activation after Ova addition. OxOva exacerbates this activation when administered ex vivo or in vivo, along with an increased interferon-gamma production, a known anti-melanoma agent. OxOva vaccination of wild type mice followed by inoculation of syngeneic B16F10 Ova-expressing melanoma cells shows enhanced T cell number and activation, decreased tumor burden, and elevated numbers of antigen-presenting cells when compared to their Ova-vaccinated counterparts. Analysis of oxOva using mass spectrometry identifies three hot spots regions rich in oxidative modifications that are associated with the increased T cell activation. Using Ova as a model protein, the findings suggest an immunomodulating role of multi-ROS/RNS modifications that may spur novel research lines in inflammation research and for vaccination strategies in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Clemen
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)Felix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 2Greifswald17489Germany
| | - Eric Freund
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)Felix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 2Greifswald17489Germany
- Department of GeneralVisceralThoracicand Vascular SurgeryUniversity Medicine GreifswaldSauerbruchstr. DZ7Greifswald17475Germany
| | - Daniel Mrochen
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)Felix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 2Greifswald17489Germany
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity Medicine GreifswaldSauerbruchstr. DZ7Greifswald17475Germany
| | - Lea Miebach
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)Felix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 2Greifswald17489Germany
- Department of GeneralVisceralThoracicand Vascular SurgeryUniversity Medicine GreifswaldSauerbruchstr. DZ7Greifswald17475Germany
| | - Anke Schmidt
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)Felix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 2Greifswald17489Germany
| | - Bernhard H. Rauch
- Institute of Pharmacology (C_Dat)University Medicine GreifswaldFelix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 1Greifswald17489Germany
| | - Jan‐Wilm Lackmann
- CECAD proteomics facilityUniversity of CologneJoseph‐Stelzmann‐Str. 26Cologne50931Germany
| | - Ulrike Martens
- ZIK HIKEUniversity of GreifswaldFleischmannstr. 42–44Greifswald17489Germany
- Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of GreifswaldFelix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 4Greifswald17489Germany
| | - Kristian Wende
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)Felix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 2Greifswald17489Germany
| | - Michael Lalk
- Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of GreifswaldFelix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 4Greifswald17489Germany
| | - Mihaela Delcea
- ZIK HIKEUniversity of GreifswaldFleischmannstr. 42–44Greifswald17489Germany
- Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of GreifswaldFelix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 4Greifswald17489Germany
| | - Barbara M. Bröker
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity Medicine GreifswaldSauerbruchstr. DZ7Greifswald17475Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)Felix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 2Greifswald17489Germany
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Coelho A, Fernandes HM, Magalhães R, Moreira PS, Marques P, Soares JM, Amorim L, Portugal‐Nunes C, Castanho T, Santos NC, Sousa N. Reorganization of brain structural networks in aging: A longitudinal study. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:1354-1376. [PMID: 33527512 PMCID: PMC8248023 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Normal aging is characterized by structural and functional changes in the brain contributing to cognitive decline. Structural connectivity (SC) describes the anatomical backbone linking distinct functional subunits of the brain and disruption of this communication is thought to be one of the potential contributors for the age-related deterioration observed in cognition. Several studies already explored brain network's reorganization during aging, but most focused on average connectivity of the whole-brain or in specific networks, such as the resting-state networks. Here, we aimed to characterize longitudinal changes of white matter (WM) structural brain networks, through the identification of sub-networks with significantly altered connectivity along time. Then, we tested associations between longitudinal changes in network connectivity and cognition. We also assessed longitudinal changes in topological properties of the networks. For this, older adults were evaluated at two timepoints, with a mean interval time of 52.8 months (SD = 7.24). WM structural networks were derived from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, and cognitive status from neurocognitive testing. Our results show age-related changes in brain SC, characterized by both decreases and increases in connectivity weight. Interestingly, decreases occur in intra-hemispheric connections formed mainly by association fibers, while increases occur mostly in inter-hemispheric connections and involve association, commissural, and projection fibers, supporting the last-in-first-out hypothesis. Regarding topology, two hubs were lost, alongside with a decrease in connector-hub inter-modular connectivity, reflecting reduced integration. Simultaneously, there was an increase in the number of provincial hubs, suggesting increased segregation. Overall, these results confirm that aging triggers a reorganization of the brain structural network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Coelho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
- Clinical Academic Center – BragaBragaPortugal
| | - Henrique M. Fernandes
- Center for Music in the Brain (MIB)Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Ricardo Magalhães
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
- Clinical Academic Center – BragaBragaPortugal
| | - Pedro S. Moreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
- Clinical Academic Center – BragaBragaPortugal
| | - Paulo Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
- Clinical Academic Center – BragaBragaPortugal
| | - José M. Soares
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
- Clinical Academic Center – BragaBragaPortugal
| | - Liliana Amorim
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
- Clinical Academic Center – BragaBragaPortugal
| | - Carlos Portugal‐Nunes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
- Clinical Academic Center – BragaBragaPortugal
| | - Teresa Castanho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
- Clinical Academic Center – BragaBragaPortugal
| | - Nadine Correia Santos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
- Clinical Academic Center – BragaBragaPortugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
- Clinical Academic Center – BragaBragaPortugal
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Scherhag P, Ackermann J. Removal of sugars in wastewater from food production through heterotrophic growth of Galdieria sulphuraria. Eng Life Sci 2021; 21:233-241. [PMID: 33716621 PMCID: PMC7923567 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202000075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The unicellular extremophilic red alga Galdieria sulphuraria is capable of chemoheterotrophy and its growth has been investigated on some defined and undefined substrates. In this study, the removal of sugars in wastewater from fruit-salad production with G. sulphuraria strain SAG 21.92 was analyzed. Growth and sugar consumption were determined under variation of temperature, pH-value and concentration of a model substrate, containing sucrose, glucose and fructose. In shake flask cultivation maximum specific growth rate and specific substrate consumption rate of 1.53±0.09 day-1 and 2.41±0.14 gSub·gDW -1·day-1 were measured at pH 2 and 42°C. A scale-up of this process was conducted in a 3 L stirred tank reactor (STR). Wastewater from fruit-salad production was diluted to 15 g·L-1 total sugar concentration, supplemented with micronutrients and ammonia and pH was set to 3. Determined growth rate and substrate consumption were 1.21 day-1 and 1.88 gSub·gDW -1·day-1, respectively. It was demonstrated, that high sugar concentrations in wastewater streams from food production processes can be significantly reduced with G. sulphuraria SAG 21.92. This strain could achieve substrate consumption rates in wastewater, equal to the more common strain 074G, but at higher pH values. Generated biomass can be used for production of phycocyanin, a valuable nutraceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Scherhag
- Department of Chemical EngineeringChair of Bioprocess Engineering and Technical BiochemistryUniversity of Applied Sciences DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Jörg‐Uwe Ackermann
- Department of Chemical EngineeringChair of Bioprocess Engineering and Technical BiochemistryUniversity of Applied Sciences DresdenDresdenGermany
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Leonetti P, Ghasemzadeh A, Consiglio A, Gursinsky T, Behrens S, Pantaleo V. Endogenous activated small interfering RNAs in virus-infected Brassicaceae crops show a common host gene-silencing pattern affecting photosynthesis and stress response. New Phytol 2021; 229:1650-1664. [PMID: 32945560 PMCID: PMC7821159 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections are accompanied by a massive production of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) of plant origin, such as virus-activated (va)siRNAs, which drive the widespread silencing of host gene expression, and whose effects in plant pathogen interactions remain unknown. By combining phenotyping and molecular analyses, we characterized vasiRNAs that are associated with typical mosaic symptoms of cauliflower mosaic virus infection in two crops, turnip (Brassica rapa) and oilseed rape (Brassica napus), and the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We identified 15 loci in the three infected plant species, whose transcripts originate vasiRNAs. These loci appear to be generally affected by virus infections in Brassicaceae and encode factors that are centrally involved in photosynthesis and stress response, such as Rubisco activase (RCA), senescence-associated protein, heat shock protein HSP70, light harvesting complex, and membrane-related protein CP5. During infection, the expression of these factors is significantly downregulated, suggesting that their silencing is a central component of the plant's response to virus infections. Further findings indicate an important role for 22 nt long vasiRNAs in the plant's endogenous RNA silencing response. Our study considerably enhances knowledge about the new class of vasiRNAs that are triggered in virus-infected plants and will help to advance strategies for the engineering of gene clusters involved in the development of crop diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Leonetti
- Department of Biology, Agricultural and Food SciencesInstitute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionBari UnitCNRBari70126Italy
| | - Aysan Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Biology, Agricultural and Food SciencesInstitute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionBari UnitCNRBari70126Italy
- Department of Plant PathologyFaculty of AgricultureTarbiat Modares UniversityTehran14115‐111Iran
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (NFI)Section Microbial BiotechnologyMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle/SaaleD‐06120Germany
| | - Arianna Consiglio
- Department of Biomedical SciencesInstitute for Biomedical TechnologiesBari UnitCNRBari70126Italy
| | - Torsten Gursinsky
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (NFI)Section Microbial BiotechnologyMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle/SaaleD‐06120Germany
| | - Sven‐Erik Behrens
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (NFI)Section Microbial BiotechnologyMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle/SaaleD‐06120Germany
| | - Vitantonio Pantaleo
- Department of Biology, Agricultural and Food SciencesInstitute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionBari UnitCNRBari70126Italy
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Penna C, Andreadou I, Aragno M, Beauloye C, Bertrand L, Lazou A, Falcão‐Pires I, Bell R, Zuurbier CJ, Pagliaro P, Hausenloy DJ. Effect of hyperglycaemia and diabetes on acute myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury and cardioprotection by ischaemic conditioning protocols. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5312-5335. [PMID: 31985828 PMCID: PMC7680002 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic patients are at increased risk of developing coronary artery disease and experience worse clinical outcomes following acute myocardial infarction. Novel therapeutic strategies are required to protect the myocardium against the effects of acute ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). These include one or more brief cycles of non-lethal ischaemia and reperfusion prior to the ischaemic event (ischaemic preconditioning [IPC]) or at the onset of reperfusion (ischaemic postconditioning [IPost]) either to the heart or to extracardiac organs (remote ischaemic conditioning [RIC]). Studies suggest that the diabetic heart is resistant to cardioprotective strategies, although clinical evidence is lacking. We overview the available animal models of diabetes, investigating acute myocardial IRI and cardioprotection, experiments investigating the effects of hyperglycaemia on susceptibility to acute myocardial IRI, the response of the diabetic heart to cardioprotective strategies e.g. IPC, IPost and RIC. Finally we highlight the effects of anti-hyperglycaemic agents on susceptibility to acute myocardial IRI and cardioprotection. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.23/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of PharmacyNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Manuela Aragno
- Department of Clinical and Biological SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | | | - Luc Bertrand
- Division of CardiologyCliniques Universitaires Saint‐LucBrusselsBelgium
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Experimetnale et CliniqueUCLouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Antigone Lazou
- School of BiologyAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece
| | - Ines Falcão‐Pires
- Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Robert Bell
- The Hatter Cardiovascular InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Coert J. Zuurbier
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of Amsterdam, Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Derek J. Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders ProgramDuke–NUS Medical SchoolSingapore
- National Heart Research Institute SingaporeNational Heart Centre SingaporeSingapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
- Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health SciencesAsia UniversityTaiwan
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10
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Paek S, Roldán‐Carmona C, Cho KT, Franckevičius M, Kim H, Kanda H, Drigo N, Lin K, Pei M, Gegevičius R, Yun HJ, Yang H, Schouwink PA, Corminboeuf C, Asiri AM, Nazeeruddin MK. Molecular Design and Operational Stability: Toward Stable 3D/2D Perovskite Interlayers. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:2001014. [PMID: 33042741 PMCID: PMC7539205 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite organic/inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells becoming one of the most promising next-generation photovoltaic materials, instability under heat and light soaking remains unsolved. In this work, a highly hydrophobic cation, perfluorobenzylammonium iodide (5FBzAI), is designed and a 2D perovskite with reinforced intermolecular interactions is engineered, providing improved passivation at the interface that reduces charge recombination and enhances cell stability compared with benchmark 2D systems. Motivated by the strong halogen bond interaction, (5FBzAI)2PbI4 used as a capping layer aligns in in-plane crystal orientation, inducing a reproducible increase of ≈60 mV in the V oc, a twofold improvement compared with its analogous monofluorinated phenylethylammonium iodide (PEAI) recently reported. This endows the system with high power conversion efficiency of 21.65% and extended operational stability after 1100 h of continuous illumination, outlining directions for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyun Paek
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional MaterialsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)SionCH‐1951Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Energy EngineeringSangmyung UniversitySeoul03016Republic of Korea
| | - Cristina Roldán‐Carmona
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional MaterialsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)SionCH‐1951Switzerland
| | - Kyung Taek Cho
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional MaterialsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)SionCH‐1951Switzerland
- Samsung ElectronicsMemory BusinessFlash PA TeamRepublic of Korea
| | - Marius Franckevičius
- Department of Molecular Compound PhysicsCenter for Physical Sciences and TechnologySaulėtekio Avenue 3VilniusLT‐10257Lithuania
| | - Hobeom Kim
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional MaterialsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)SionCH‐1951Switzerland
| | - Hiroyuke Kanda
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional MaterialsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)SionCH‐1951Switzerland
| | - Nikita Drigo
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional MaterialsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)SionCH‐1951Switzerland
| | - Kun‐Han Lin
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular DesignÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneCH‐1015Switzerland
| | - Mingyuan Pei
- Department of Chemical EngineeringInha UniversityIncheon22212Republic of Korea
| | - Rokas Gegevičius
- Department of Molecular Compound PhysicsCenter for Physical Sciences and TechnologySaulėtekio Avenue 3VilniusLT‐10257Lithuania
| | - Hyung Joong Yun
- Research Center for Materials AnalysisKorea Basic Science Institute (KBSI)Daejeon34133Republic of Korea
| | - Hoichang Yang
- Department of Chemical EngineeringInha UniversityIncheon22212Republic of Korea
| | | | - Clémence Corminboeuf
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular DesignÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneCH‐1015Switzerland
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR)King Abdulaziz UniversityP.O. Box 80203Jeddah21589Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional MaterialsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)SionCH‐1951Switzerland
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11
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Abalos J, Pérez i de Lanuza G, Bartolomé A, Liehrmann O, Laakkonen H, Aubret F, Uller T, Carazo P, Font E. No evidence for differential sociosexual behavior and space use in the color morphs of the European common wall lizard ( Podarcis muralis). Ecol Evol 2020; 10:10986-11005. [PMID: 33144943 PMCID: PMC7593164 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Explaining the evolutionary origin and maintenance of color polymorphisms is a major challenge in evolutionary biology. Such polymorphisms are commonly thought to reflect the existence of alternative behavioral or life-history strategies under negative frequency-dependent selection. The European common wall lizard Podarcis muralis exhibits a striking ventral color polymorphism that has been intensely studied and is often assumed to reflect alternative reproductive strategies, similar to the iconic "rock-paper-scissors" system described in the North American lizard Uta stansburiana. However, available studies so far have ignored central aspects in the behavioral ecology of this species that are crucial to assess the existence of alternative reproductive strategies. Here, we try to fill this gap by studying the social behavior, space use, and reproductive performance of lizards showing different color morphs, both in a free-ranging population from the eastern Pyrenees and in ten experimental mesocosm enclosures. In the natural population, we found no differences between morphs in site fidelity, space use, or male-female spatial overlap. Likewise, color morph was irrelevant to sociosexual behavior, space use, and reproductive success within experimental enclosures. Our results contradict the commonly held hypothesis that P. muralis morphs reflect alternative behavioral strategies, and suggest that we should instead turn our attention to alternative functional explanations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Abalos
- Ethology LabInstituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología EvolutivaUniversitat de ValènciaValènciaSpain
| | - Guillem Pérez i de Lanuza
- Ethology LabInstituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología EvolutivaUniversitat de ValènciaValènciaSpain
- CIBIO/InBIOCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Alicia Bartolomé
- Ethology LabInstituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología EvolutivaUniversitat de ValènciaValènciaSpain
| | | | | | - Fabien Aubret
- SETEStation d’Ecologie Théorique et ExpérimentaleUMR5321Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueParisFrance
| | | | - Pau Carazo
- Ethology LabInstituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología EvolutivaUniversitat de ValènciaValènciaSpain
| | - Enrique Font
- Ethology LabInstituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología EvolutivaUniversitat de ValènciaValènciaSpain
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12
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Bereczki I, Csávás M, Szűcs Z, Rőth E, Batta G, Ostorházi E, Naesens L, Borbás A, Herczegh P. Synthesis of Antiviral Perfluoroalkyl Derivatives of Teicoplanin and Vancomycin. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1661-1671. [PMID: 32652783 PMCID: PMC7540527 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The limited scope of antiviral drugs and increasing problem of antiviral drug resistance represent a global health threat. Glycopeptide antibiotics and their lipophilic derivatives have emerged as relevant inhibitors of diverse viruses. Herein, we describe a new strategy for the synthesis of dual hydrophobic and lipophobic derivatives of glycopeptides to produce selective antiviral agents without membrane-disrupting activity. Perfluorobutyl and perfluorooctyl moieties were attached through linkers of different length to azido derivatives of vancomycin aglycone and teicoplanin pseudoaglycone, and the new derivatives were evaluated against a diverse panel of viruses. The teicoplanin derivatives displayed strong anti-influenza virus activity at nontoxic concentrations. Some of the perfluoroalkylated glycopeptides were also active against a few other viruses such as herpes simplex virus or coronavirus. These data encourage further exploration of glycopeptide analogues for broad antiviral application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Bereczki
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryUniversity of DebrecenEgyetem tér 14032DebrecenHungary
| | - Magdolna Csávás
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryUniversity of DebrecenEgyetem tér 14032DebrecenHungary
| | - Zsolt Szűcs
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryUniversity of DebrecenEgyetem tér 14032DebrecenHungary
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of DebrecenEgyetem tér 14032DebrecenHungary
| | - Erzsébet Rőth
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryUniversity of DebrecenEgyetem tér 14032DebrecenHungary
| | - Gyula Batta
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of DebrecenEgyetem tér 14032DebrecenHungary
| | - Eszter Ostorházi
- Department of Medical MicrobiologySemmelweis UniversityMária u. 411085BudapestHungary
| | - Lieve Naesens
- Rega Institute for Medical ResearchKU Leuven3000LeuvenBelgium
| | - Anikó Borbás
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryUniversity of DebrecenEgyetem tér 14032DebrecenHungary
| | - Pál Herczegh
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryUniversity of DebrecenEgyetem tér 14032DebrecenHungary
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13
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Penksza P, Juhász R, Szabó‐Nótin B, Sipos L. Xylo-oligosaccharides as texture modifier compounds in aqueous media and in combination with food thickeners. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:3023-3030. [PMID: 32724566 PMCID: PMC7382132 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Present study introduces the previously not-described rheological properties of a nondigestible oligosaccharide: xylo-oligosaccharide which is a novel food ingredient in Europe. Significant differences were observed among viscosity of solutions of different formulas (liquid or powder) of XOS. Thickening potential of XOS in aqueous media compared to that of sucrose (Suc) or fructo-oligosaccharides strongly depends on utilization level: At low concentration, XOS proved to be weaker while at high concentration to be stronger than fructo-oligosaccharides. Differences in viscosity of XOS, FOS, and sucrose were much higher at below 60°C than at higher temperatures. Storage and loss modulii of xanthan gum gels were not influenced while those of locust bean gum were affected negatively by XOS addition. Addition of XOS at low concentrations did not decrease gelatin gel strength but increased gelatin gel stability against mechanical stress. XOS proved to have different rheological behavior from previously used oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Penksza
- Department of Food PreservationSzent István UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Réka Juhász
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition Science, Faculty of Health ScienceSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | | | - László Sipos
- Department of Postharvest Sciences and Sensory Evaluation, Faculty of Food ScienceSzent István UniversityBudapestHungary
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14
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Magalhães CP, Ribeiro JA, Guedes AP, Arantes AL, Sousa DZ, Stams AJM, Alves MM, Cavaleiro AJ. Co-cultivation of Thermoanaerobacter strains with a methanogenic partner enhances glycerol conversion. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:962-973. [PMID: 32154666 PMCID: PMC7264899 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerol-rich waste streams produced by the biodiesel, bioethanol and oleochemical industries can be treated and valorized by anaerobic microbial communities to produce methane. As current knowledge of the microorganisms involved in thermophilic glycerol conversion to methane is scarce, thermophilic glycerol-degrading methanogenic communities were enriched. A co-culture of Thermoanaerobacter and Methanothermobacter species was obtained, pointing to a non-obligately syntrophic glycerol degradation. This hypothesis was further studied by incubating Thermoanaerobacter brockii subsp. finnii and T. wiegelii with glycerol (10 mM) in pure culture and with different hydrogenotrophic methanogens. The presence of the methanogen accelerated glycerol fermentation by the two Thermoanaerobacter strains up to 3.3 mM day-1 , corresponding to 12 times higher volumetric glycerol depletion rates in the methanogenic co-cultures than in the pure bacterial cultures. The catabolic pathways of glycerol conversion were identified by genome analysis of the two Thermoanaerobacter strains. NADH and reduced ferredoxin formed in the pathway are linked to proton reduction, which becomes thermodynamically favourable when the hydrogen partial pressure is kept low by the hydrogenotrophic methanogenic partner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joaquim A. Ribeiro
- Centre of Biological EngineeringUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- Present address:
Optimizer ‐ Serviços e Consultadoria Informática Lda.PortoPortugal
| | - Ana P. Guedes
- Centre of Biological EngineeringUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- Present address:
Agricultural Superior School of Ponte de LimaPolytechnic Institute of Viana do CasteloViana do CasteloPortugal
| | - Ana L. Arantes
- Centre of Biological EngineeringUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
| | - Diana Z. Sousa
- Centre of Biological EngineeringUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- Laboratory of MicrobiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Alfons J. M. Stams
- Centre of Biological EngineeringUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- Laboratory of MicrobiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Maria M. Alves
- Centre of Biological EngineeringUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
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15
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González‐Serna MJ, Cordero PJ, Ortego J. Insights into the neutral and adaptive processes shaping the spatial distribution of genomic variation in the economically important Moroccan locust ( Dociostaurus maroccanus). Ecol Evol 2020; 10:3991-4008. [PMID: 32489626 PMCID: PMC7244894 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the processes that shape neutral and adaptive genomic variation is a fundamental step to determine the demographic and evolutionary dynamics of pest species. Here, we use genomic data obtained via restriction site-associated DNA sequencing to investigate the genetic structure of Moroccan locust (Dociostaurus maroccanus) populations from the westernmost portion of the species distribution (Iberian Peninsula and Canary Islands), infer demographic trends, and determine the role of neutral versus selective processes in shaping spatial patterns of genomic variation in this pest species of great economic importance. Our analyses showed that Iberian populations are characterized by high gene flow, whereas the highly isolated Canarian populations have experienced strong genetic drift and loss of genetic diversity. Historical demographic reconstructions revealed that all populations have passed through a substantial genetic bottleneck around the last glacial maximum (~21 ka BP) followed by a sharp demographic expansion at the onset of the Holocene, indicating increased effective population sizes during warm periods as expected from the thermophilic nature of the species. Genome scans and environmental association analyses identified several loci putatively under selection, suggesting that local adaptation processes in certain populations might not be impeded by widespread gene flow. Finally, all analyses showed few differences between outbreak and nonoutbreak populations. Integrated pest management practices should consider high population connectivity and the potential importance of local adaptation processes on population persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José González‐Serna
- Grupo de Investigación de la Biodiversidad Genética y CulturalInstituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos – IREC – (CSIC, UCLM, JCCM)Ciudad RealSpain
| | - Pedro J. Cordero
- Grupo de Investigación de la Biodiversidad Genética y CulturalInstituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos – IREC – (CSIC, UCLM, JCCM)Ciudad RealSpain
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y GenéticaEscuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos (ETSIA)Universidad de Castilla‐La Mancha (UCLM)Ciudad RealSpain
| | - Joaquín Ortego
- Department of Integrative EcologyEstación Biológica de Doñana – EBD – (CSIC)SevilleSpain
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16
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Bekeschus S, Clemen R, Nießner F, Sagwal SK, Freund E, Schmidt A. Medical Gas Plasma Jet Technology Targets Murine Melanoma in an Immunogenic Fashion. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:1903438. [PMID: 32440479 PMCID: PMC7237847 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Medical technologies from physics are imperative in the diagnosis and therapy of many types of diseases. In 2013, a novel cold physical plasma treatment concept was accredited for clinical therapy. This gas plasma jet technology generates large amounts of different reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS). Using a melanoma model, gas plasma technology is tested as a novel anticancer agent. Plasma technology derived ROS diminish tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Varying the feed gas mixture modifies the composition of ROS. Conditions rich in atomic oxygen correlate with killing activity and elevate intratumoral immune-infiltrates of CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells and dendritic cells. T-cells from secondary lymphoid organs of these mice stimulated with B16 melanoma cells ex vivo show higher activation levels as well. This correlates with immunogenic cancer cell death and higher calreticulin and heat-shock protein 90 expressions induced by gas plasma treatment in melanoma cells. To test the immunogenicity of gas plasma treated melanoma cells, 50% of mice vaccinated with these cells are protected from tumor growth compared to 1/6 and 5/6 mice negative control (mitomycin C) and positive control (mitoxantrone), respectively. Gas plasma jet technology is concluded to provide immunoprotection against malignant melanoma both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald)Felix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 3Greifswald17489Germany
| | - Ramona Clemen
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald)Felix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 3Greifswald17489Germany
| | - Felix Nießner
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald)Felix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 3Greifswald17489Germany
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Sagwal
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald)Felix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 3Greifswald17489Germany
| | - Eric Freund
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald)Felix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 3Greifswald17489Germany
| | - Anke Schmidt
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald)Felix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 3Greifswald17489Germany
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17
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Mukherji R, Zhang S, Chowdhury S, Stallforth P. Chimeric LuxR Transcription Factors Rewire Natural Product Regulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6192-6195. [PMID: 31943579 PMCID: PMC7187462 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
LuxR-type transcriptional activator proteins frequently regulate the expression of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). With only a fraction of bacterial BGCs being expressed under standard culturing conditions, modulation of LuxRs would provide a powerful approach to activate silent clusters. We show that by exploiting the modular nature of LuxR proteins, it is possible to construct functional chimeric LuxRs, which enables both the rewiring of quorum sensing systems and the activation of silent BGCs. Importantly, our strategy allowed us to identify the novel natural product pseudomonol from a bacterium of the genus Pseudomonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchira Mukherji
- Independent Junior Research Group Chemistry of Microbial CommunicationLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll Institute (HKI)Beutenbergstrasse 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Shuaibing Zhang
- Independent Junior Research Group Chemistry of Microbial CommunicationLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll Institute (HKI)Beutenbergstrasse 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Somak Chowdhury
- Independent Junior Research Group Chemistry of Microbial CommunicationLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll Institute (HKI)Beutenbergstrasse 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Pierre Stallforth
- Independent Junior Research Group Chemistry of Microbial CommunicationLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll Institute (HKI)Beutenbergstrasse 11a07745JenaGermany
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18
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Hofmann M, Rößner L, Armbrüster M, Mehring M. Thin Coatings of α- and β-Bi 2O 3 by Ultrasonic Spray Coating of a Molecular Bismuth Oxido Cluster and their Application for Photocatalytic Water Purification Under Visible Light. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:277-284. [PMID: 32154048 PMCID: PMC7050255 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thin coatings of Bi2O3 were deposited on glass substrates by ultrasonic spray coating of THF solutions of the molecular precursor [Bi38O45(OMc)24(DMSO)9] ⋅ 2DMSO ⋅ 7H2O (OMc=O2CC3H5) followed by hydrolysis and subsequent annealing. Depending on the synthetic protocol, the bismuth oxido cluster was transformed into either α- or β-Bi2O3. The as-synthesized Bi2O3 coatings were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thickness measurements, diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectroscopy (DRS), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thin coatings (thickness: 5-16 μm) were compared with regard to their performance in photocatalytic rhodamine B (RhB) decomposition under visible light irradiation. The β-Bi2O3 coatings, that showed the highest photocatalytic activity, were used for the photocatalytic decomposition of other pollutants such as triclosan and ethinyl estradiol. In addition, the interplay between the photooxidation that is induced by the excitation of the catalyst using visible light and the photosensitized decomposition pathway was studied by degradation experiments of aqueous rhodamine B solutions using β-Bi2O3 coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Hofmann
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften Institut für Chemie, Professur KoordinationschemieTechnische Universität ChemnitzStraße der Nationen 6209107ChemnitzGermany
- Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN)Rosenbergstraße 609126ChemnitzGermany
| | - Leonard Rößner
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften Institut für Chemie, Professur Materialien für innovative EnergiekonzepteTechnische Universität ChemnitzStraße der Nationen 6209107ChemnitzGermany
| | - Marc Armbrüster
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften Institut für Chemie, Professur Materialien für innovative EnergiekonzepteTechnische Universität ChemnitzStraße der Nationen 6209107ChemnitzGermany
| | - Michael Mehring
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften Institut für Chemie, Professur KoordinationschemieTechnische Universität ChemnitzStraße der Nationen 6209107ChemnitzGermany
- Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN)Rosenbergstraße 609126ChemnitzGermany
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19
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Jiménez‐Franco MV, Giménez A, Rodríguez‐Caro RC, Sanz‐Aguilar A, Botella F, Anadón JD, Wiegand T, Graciá E. Sperm storage reduces the strength of the mate-finding Allee effect. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:1938-1948. [PMID: 32128127 PMCID: PMC7042743 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Mate searching is a key component of sexual reproduction that can have important implications for population viability, especially for the mate-finding Allee effect. Interannual sperm storage by females may be an adaptation that potentially attenuates mate limitation, but the demographic consequences of this functional trait have not been studied. Our goal is to assess the effect of female sperm storage durability on the strength of the mate-finding Allee effect and the viability of populations subject to low population density and habitat alteration. We used an individual-based simulation model that incorporates realistic representations of the demographic and spatial processes of our model species, the spur-thighed tortoise (Testudo graeca). This allowed for a detailed assessment of reproductive rates, population growth rates, and extinction probabilities. We also studied the relationship between the number of reproductive males and the reproductive rates for scenarios combining different levels of sperm storage durability, initial population density, and landscape alteration. Our results showed that simulated populations parameterized with the field-observed demographic rates collapsed for short sperm storage durability, but were viable for a durability of one year or longer. In contrast, the simulated populations with a low initial density were only viable in human-altered landscapes for sperm storage durability of 4 years. We find that sperm storage is an effective mechanism that can reduce the strength of the mate-finding Allee effect and contribute to the persistence of low-density populations. Our study highlights the key role of sperm storage in the dynamics of species with limited movement ability to facilitate reproduction in patchy landscapes or during population expansion. This study represents the first quantification of the effect of sperm storage durability on population dynamics in different landscapes and population scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- María V. Jiménez‐Franco
- Ecology AreaDeparment of Applied BiologyMiguel Hernández University ‐ Av. de la Universidad. TorreblancaElcheSpain
- Department of Ecological ModelingUFZ–Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchLeipzigGermany
| | - Andrés Giménez
- Ecology AreaDeparment of Applied BiologyMiguel Hernández University ‐ Av. de la Universidad. TorreblancaElcheSpain
| | - Roberto C. Rodríguez‐Caro
- Ecology AreaDeparment of Applied BiologyMiguel Hernández University ‐ Av. de la Universidad. TorreblancaElcheSpain
- Departamento de EcologíaUniversidad de AlicanteAlicanteSpain
| | - Ana Sanz‐Aguilar
- Ecology AreaDeparment of Applied BiologyMiguel Hernández University ‐ Av. de la Universidad. TorreblancaElcheSpain
- Animal Demography and Ecology UnitIMEDEA (CSIC‐UIB)EsporlesSpain
- Applied Zoology and Conservation GroupUniversity of Balearic IslandsPalmaSpain
| | - Francisco Botella
- Ecology AreaDeparment of Applied BiologyMiguel Hernández University ‐ Av. de la Universidad. TorreblancaElcheSpain
| | - José D. Anadón
- Department of BiologyQueens College, City University of New YorkFlushingNYUSA
- The Graduate Center, Biology ProgramCity University of New YorkNew YorkNYUSA
- Área de EcologíaDepartamento de Ciencias Agrarias y el Medio NaturalUniversidad de ZaragozaHuescaSpain
| | - Thorsten Wiegand
- Department of Ecological ModelingUFZ–Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchLeipzigGermany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Eva Graciá
- Ecology AreaDeparment of Applied BiologyMiguel Hernández University ‐ Av. de la Universidad. TorreblancaElcheSpain
- Department of Ecological ModelingUFZ–Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchLeipzigGermany
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20
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Li F, Wang J, Liu L, Qu J, Li Y, Bandari VK, Karnaushenko D, Becker C, Faghih M, Kang T, Baunack S, Zhu M, Zhu F, Schmidt OG. Self-Assembled Flexible and Integratable 3D Microtubular Asymmetric Supercapacitors. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2019; 6:1901051. [PMID: 31637162 PMCID: PMC6794616 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of microelectronics has equally rapidly increased the demand for miniaturized energy storage devices. On-chip microsupercapacitors (MSCs), as promising power candidates, possess great potential to complement or replace electrolytic capacitors and microbatteries in various applications. However, the areal capacities and energy densities of the planar MSCs are commonly limited by the low voltage window, the thin layer of the electrode materials and complex fabrication processes. Here, a new-type three-dimensional (3D) tubular asymmetric MSC with small footprint area, high potential window, ultrahigh areal energy density, and long-term cycling stability is fabricated with shapeable materials and photolithographic technologies, which are compatible with modern microelectronic fabrication procedures widely used in industry. Benefiting from the novel architecture, the 3D asymmetric MSC displays an ultrahigh areal capacitance of 88.6 mF cm-2 and areal energy density of 28.69 mW h cm-2, superior to most reported interdigitated MSCs. Furthermore, the 3D tubular MSCs demonstrate remarkable cycling stability and the capacitance retention is up to 91.8% over 12 000 cycles. It is believed that the efficient fabrication methodology can be used to construct various integratable microscale tubular energy storage devices with small footprint area and high performance for miniaturized electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Material Systems for NanoelectronicsChemnitz University of Technology09107ChemnitzGermany
- Center for MaterialsArchitectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN)Chemnitz University of Technology09126ChemnitzGermany
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Material Systems for NanoelectronicsChemnitz University of Technology09107ChemnitzGermany
- Center for MaterialsArchitectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN)Chemnitz University of Technology09126ChemnitzGermany
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Lixiang Liu
- Material Systems for NanoelectronicsChemnitz University of Technology09107ChemnitzGermany
- Center for MaterialsArchitectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN)Chemnitz University of Technology09126ChemnitzGermany
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Jiang Qu
- Material Systems for NanoelectronicsChemnitz University of Technology09107ChemnitzGermany
- Center for MaterialsArchitectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN)Chemnitz University of Technology09126ChemnitzGermany
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Yang Li
- Material Systems for NanoelectronicsChemnitz University of Technology09107ChemnitzGermany
- Center for MaterialsArchitectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN)Chemnitz University of Technology09126ChemnitzGermany
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Vineeth Kumar Bandari
- Material Systems for NanoelectronicsChemnitz University of Technology09107ChemnitzGermany
- Center for MaterialsArchitectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN)Chemnitz University of Technology09126ChemnitzGermany
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Daniil Karnaushenko
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Christian Becker
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Maryam Faghih
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Tong Kang
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Stefan Baunack
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Minshen Zhu
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Feng Zhu
- Material Systems for NanoelectronicsChemnitz University of Technology09107ChemnitzGermany
- Center for MaterialsArchitectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN)Chemnitz University of Technology09126ChemnitzGermany
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Oliver G. Schmidt
- Material Systems for NanoelectronicsChemnitz University of Technology09107ChemnitzGermany
- Center for MaterialsArchitectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN)Chemnitz University of Technology09126ChemnitzGermany
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW Dresden01069DresdenGermany
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21
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Golubic SJ, Jurasic MJ, Susac A, Huonker R, Gotz T, Haueisen J. Attention modulates topology and dynamics of auditory sensory gating. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:2981-2994. [PMID: 30882981 PMCID: PMC6865797 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This work challenges the widely accepted model of sensory gating as a preattention inhibitory process by investigating whether attention directed at the second tone (S2) within a paired-click paradigm could affect gating at the cortical level. We utilized magnetoencephalography, magnetic resonance imaging and spatio-temporal source localization to compare the cortical dynamics underlying gating responses across two conditions (passive and attention) in 19 healthy subjects. Source localization results reaffirmed the existence of a fast processing pathway between the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and bilateral superior temporal gyri (STG) that underlies the auditory gating process. STG source dynamics comprised two gating sub-components, Mb1 and Mb2, both of which showed significant gating suppression (>51%). The attention directed to the S2 tone changed the gating network topology by switching the prefrontal generator from a dorsolateral location, which was active in the passive condition (18/19), to a medial location, active in the attention condition (19/19). Enhanced responses to the attended stimulus caused a significant reduction in gating suppression in both STG gating components (>50%). Our results demonstrate that attention not only modulates sensory gating dynamics, but also exerts topological rerouting of information processing within the PFC. The present data, suggesting that the cortical levels of early sensory processing are subject to top-down influences, change the current view of gating as a purely automatic bottom-up process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Susac
- Department of Physics, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and ComputingUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Ralph Huonker
- Biomagnetic Center, Hans Berger Department of NeurologyJena University HospitalJenaGermany
| | - Theresa Gotz
- Biomagnetic Center, Hans Berger Department of NeurologyJena University HospitalJenaGermany
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer Sciences and Documentation, Jena University HospitalJenaGermany
| | - Jens Haueisen
- Biomagnetic Center, Hans Berger Department of NeurologyJena University HospitalJenaGermany
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University IlmenauIlmenauGermany
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22
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Hálová M, Gahura O, Převorovský M, Cit Z, Novotný M, Valentová A, Abrhámová K, Půta F, Folk P. Nineteen complex-related factor Prp45 is required for the early stages of cotranscriptional spliceosome assembly. RNA 2017; 23:1512-1524. [PMID: 28701519 PMCID: PMC5602110 DOI: 10.1261/rna.061986.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Splicing in S. cerevisiae has been shown to proceed cotranscriptionally, but the nature of the coupling remains a subject of debate. Here, we examine the effect of nineteen complex-related splicing factor Prp45 (a homolog of SNW1/SKIP) on cotranscriptional splicing. RNA-sequencing and RT-qPCR showed elevated pre-mRNA levels but only limited reduction of spliced mRNAs in cells expressing C-terminally truncated Prp45, Prp45(1-169). Assays with a series of reporters containing the AMA1 intron with regulatable splicing confirmed decreased splicing efficiency and showed the leakage of unspliced RNAs in prp45(1-169) cells. We also measured pre-mRNA accumulation of the meiotic MER2 gene, which depends on the expression of Mer1 factor for splicing. prp45(1-169) cells accumulated approximately threefold higher levels of MER2 pre-mRNA than WT cells only when splicing was induced. To monitor cotranscriptional splicing, we determined the presence of early spliceosome assembly factors and snRNP complexes along the ECM33 and ACT1 genes. We found that prp45(1-169) hampered the cotranscriptional recruitment of U2 and, to a larger extent, U5 and NTC, while the U1 profile was unaffected. The recruitment of Prp45(1-169) was impaired similarly to U5 snRNP and NTC. Our results imply that Prp45 is required for timely formation of complex A, prior to stable physical association of U5/NTC with the emerging pre-mRNA substrate. We suggest that Prp45 facilitates conformational rearrangements and/or contacts that couple U1 snRNP-recognition to downstream assembly events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Hálová
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Gahura
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Převorovský
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Cit
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Novotný
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Valentová
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Abrhámová
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Půta
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Folk
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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Takkis K, Tscheulin T, Tsalkatis P, Petanidou T. Climate change reduces nectar secretion in two common Mediterranean plants. AoB Plants 2015; 7:plv111. [PMID: 26374517 PMCID: PMC4614813 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Global warming can lead to considerable impacts on natural plant communities, potentially inducing changes in plant physiology and the quantity and quality of floral rewards, especially nectar. Changes in nectar production can in turn strongly affect plant-pollinator interaction networks-pollinators may potentially benefit under moderate warming conditions, but suffer as resources reduce in availability as elevated temperatures become more extreme. Here, we studied the effect of elevated temperatures on nectar secretion of two Mediterranean Lamiaceae species-Ballota acetabulosa and Teucrium divaricatum. We measured nectar production (viz. volume per flower, sugar concentration per flower and sugar content per flower and per plant), number of open and empty flowers per plant, as well as biomass per flower under a range of temperatures selected ad hoc in a fully controlled climate chamber and under natural conditions outdoors. The average temperature in the climate chamber was increased every 3 days in 3 °C increments from 17.5 to 38.5 °C. Both study species showed a unimodal response of nectar production (volume per flower, sugar content per flower and per plant) to temperature. Optimal temperature for sugar content per flower was 25-26 °C for B. acetabulosa and 29-33 °C for T. divaricatum. According to our results, moderate climate warming predicted for the next few decades could benefit nectar secretion in T. divaricatum as long as the plants are not water stressed, but have a moderate negative effect on B. acetabulosa. Nevertheless, strong warming as predicted by climate change models for the end of the 21st century is expected to reduce nectar secretion in both species and can thus significantly reduce available resources for both wild bees and honeybees in Mediterranean systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Takkis
- Laboratory of Biogeography and Ecology, Department of Geography, University of the Aegean, University Hill, GR-81100 Mytilene, Greece
| | - Thomas Tscheulin
- Laboratory of Biogeography and Ecology, Department of Geography, University of the Aegean, University Hill, GR-81100 Mytilene, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tsalkatis
- Laboratory of Biogeography and Ecology, Department of Geography, University of the Aegean, University Hill, GR-81100 Mytilene, Greece
| | - Theodora Petanidou
- Laboratory of Biogeography and Ecology, Department of Geography, University of the Aegean, University Hill, GR-81100 Mytilene, Greece
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