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Deck BL, Kelkar A, Erickson B, Erani F, McConathey E, Sacchetti D, Faseyitan O, Hamilton R, Medaglia JD. Individual-level functional connectivity predicts cognitive control efficiency. Neuroimage 2023; 283:120386. [PMID: 37820860 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive control (CC) is essential for problem-solving in everyday life, and CC-related deficits occur alongside costly and debilitating disorders. The tri-partite model suggests that CC comprises multiple behaviors, including switching, inhibiting, and updating. Activity within the fronto-parietal control network B (FPCN-B), the dorsal attention network (DAN), the cingulo-opercular network (CON), and the lateral default-mode network (L-DMN) is related to switching and inhibiting behaviors. However, our understanding of how these brain regions interact to bring about cognitive switching and inhibiting in individuals is unclear. In the current study, subjects performed two in-scanner tasks that required switching and inhibiting. We used support vector regression (SVR) models containing individually-estimated functional connectivity between the FPCN-B, DAN, CON and L-DMN to predict switching and inhibiting behaviors. We observed that: inter-network connectivity can predict inhibiting and switching behaviors in individuals, and the L-DMN plays a role in switching and inhibiting behaviors. Therefore, individually estimated inter-network connections are markers of CC behaviors, and CC behaviors may arise due to interactions between a set of networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Deck
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, 3201 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Apoorva Kelkar
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, 3201 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Brian Erickson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, 3201 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Fareshte Erani
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, 3201 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Eric McConathey
- Department of Neurology, The University of Pennsylvania: Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Daniela Sacchetti
- Department of Neurology, The University of Pennsylvania: Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Olufunsho Faseyitan
- Department of Neurology, The University of Pennsylvania: Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Roy Hamilton
- Department of Neurology, The University of Pennsylvania: Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - John D Medaglia
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, 3201 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, The University of Pennsylvania: Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA.
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DeCouto BS, Smeeton NJ, Williams AM. Skilled Performers Show Right Parietal Lateralization during Anticipation of Volleyball Attacks. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1204. [PMID: 37626560 PMCID: PMC10452595 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13081204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Global and local biological motion processing are likely influenced by an observer's perceptual experience. Skilled athletes anticipating an opponent's movements use globally distributed motion information, while less skilled athletes focus on single kinematic cues. Published reports have demonstrated that attention can be primed globally or locally before perceptual tasks; such an intervention could highlight motion processing mechanisms used by skilled and less skilled observers. In this study, we examined skill differences in biological motion processing using attentional priming. Skilled (N = 16) and less skilled (N = 16) players anticipated temporally occluded videos of volleyball attacks after being primed using a Navon matching task while parietal EEG was measured. Skilled players were more accurate than less skilled players across priming conditions. Global priming improved performance in both skill groups. Skilled players showed significantly reduced alpha and beta power in the right compared to left parietal region, but brain activity was not affected by the priming interventions. Our findings highlight the importance of right parietal dominance for skilled performers, which may be functional for inhibiting left hemispheric local processing or enhancing visual spatial attention for dynamic visual scenes. Further work is needed to systematically determine the function of this pattern of brain activity during skilled anticipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady S. DeCouto
- Healthspan, Resilience & Performance Research Group, Florida Institute for Human & Machine Cognition, 40 South Alcaniz St., Pensacola, FL 32502, USA;
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, College of Health, University of Utah, 383 Colorow Drive, Suite 260, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Smeeton
- Sport and Exercise Science and Sport Medicine Research and Enterprise Group, School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, 1 Denton Road, Brighton BN22 7SR, UK;
| | - A. Mark Williams
- Healthspan, Resilience & Performance Research Group, Florida Institute for Human & Machine Cognition, 40 South Alcaniz St., Pensacola, FL 32502, USA;
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Álvarez-San Millán A, Iglesias J, Gutkin A, Olivares EI. Progressive attenuation of visual global precedence across healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:893818. [PMID: 36204552 PMCID: PMC9530062 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.893818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the perception of Navon hierarchical stimuli (e.g., large letters made up of small letters), young adults identify large letters faster than small ones (known as 'global advantage') and identify more slowly small letters when they form a different (or incongruent) large letter (known as 'unidirectional global interference'). Since some global/local perceptual alterations might be occurring with aging, we investigated whether these effects vary across healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, the Navon letter task was administered to 26 healthy elderly (HE), 21 adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 26 adults with AD. The same task was administered 1 year later, and different neuropsychological variables were incorporated into the analyses. The cross-sectional study revealed no global advantage but did reveal both global and local interferences in all groups when response times were analyzed. Regarding discrimination sensitivity, HE showed unidirectional global interference, while AD displayed better discrimination of local than global letters in the incongruent condition, which denotes less interference by global distractors than by local ones. The longitudinal study revealed that 1 year later the participants with MCI showed a slowdown in inhibiting local distractors in the global task, revealing a certain bias toward focus in their attention on small stimuli. The elders with AD reflected a generalized slowing of their responses with a clear bias toward local analysis of stimuli, also suggested by their better discrimination in the incongruent local task at the second moment of assessment. Furthermore, all response timing measures in the Navon task were correlated with several neuropsychological indexes of highly sensitive neuropsychological tests, suggesting that performance in this task may also have a potential diagnostic value for differentiating typical from atypical cognitive aging. All these results support the need for a multidomain approach to define neuropsychological markers of progression toward AD, including visual perceptual organization evaluated via measures of performance quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Álvarez-San Millán
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Iglesias
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anahí Gutkin
- Department of Social Psychology and Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ela I. Olivares
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Van der Hallen R, Vanmarcke S, Noens I, Wagemans J. Hierarchical Letters in ASD: High Stimulus Variability Under Different Attentional Modes. J Autism Dev Disord 2018; 47:1854-1865. [PMID: 28349364 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Studies using hierarchical patterns to test global precedence and local-global interference in individuals with ASD have produced mixed results. The current study focused on stimulus variability and locational uncertainty, while using different attentional modes. Two groups of 44 children with and without ASD completed a divided attention task as well as a global and local selective attention task. The results revealed global-to-local and local-to-global interference in ASD, to the same extent as in the TD group. Both groups struggled with the same type of stimuli (i.e., ignoring the global level information) and performed similar in all three tasks. Future studies on (visual) information processing in ASD should pursue the impact of stimulus noise and trial-by-trial uncertainty further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Van der Hallen
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, UPC-KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Steven Vanmarcke
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Noens
- Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Wagemans
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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Jansari A, Miller S, Pearce L, Cobb S, Sagiv N, Williams AL, Tree JJ, Hanley JR. The man who mistook his neuropsychologist for a popstar: when configural processing fails in acquired prosopagnosia. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:390. [PMID: 26236212 PMCID: PMC4505628 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the case of an individual with acquired prosopagnosia who experiences extreme difficulties in recognizing familiar faces in everyday life despite excellent object recognition skills. Formal testing indicates that he is also severely impaired at remembering pre-experimentally unfamiliar faces and that he takes an extremely long time to identify famous faces and to match unfamiliar faces. Nevertheless, he performs as accurately and quickly as controls at identifying inverted familiar and unfamiliar faces and can recognize famous faces from their external features. He also performs as accurately as controls at recognizing famous faces when fracturing conceals the configural information in the face. He shows evidence of impaired global processing but normal local processing of Navon figures. This case appears to reflect the clearest example yet of an acquired prosopagnosic patient whose familiar face recognition deficit is caused by a severe configural processing deficit in the absence of any problems in featural processing. These preserved featural skills together with apparently intact visual imagery for faces allow him to identify a surprisingly large number of famous faces when unlimited time is available. The theoretical implications of this pattern of performance for understanding the nature of acquired prosopagnosia are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Jansari
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of LondonLondon, UK
| | - Scott Miller
- School of Psychology, University of East LondonLondon, UK
| | - Laura Pearce
- School of Psychology, University of East LondonLondon, UK
| | - Stephanie Cobb
- School of Psychology, University of East LondonLondon, UK
| | - Noam Sagiv
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Cognition and Neuroimaging, Brunel UniversityLondon, UK
| | - Adrian L. Williams
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Cognition and Neuroimaging, Brunel UniversityLondon, UK
| | - Jeremy J. Tree
- Department of Psychology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Swansea UniversitySwansea, UK
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abnormal visual attention has been frequently observed in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Abnormal shifting of visual attention is related to abnormal development of social cognition and has been identified as a key neuropsychological finding in ASD. Better characterizing attention shifting in ASD and its relationship with social functioning may help to identify new targets for intervention and improving social communication in these disorders. Thus, the current study investigated deficits in attention shifting in ASD as well as relationships between attention shifting and social communication in ASD and neurotypicals (NT). METHOD To investigate deficits in visual attention shifting in ASD, 20 ASD and 20 age- and gender-matched NT completed visual search (VS) and Navon tasks with attention-shifting demands as well as a set-shifting task. VS was a feature search task with targets defined in one of two dimensions; Navon required identification of a target letter presented at the global or local level. Psychomotor and processing speed were entered as covariates. Relationships between visual attention shifting, set shifting, and social functioning were also examined. RESULTS ASD and NT showed comparable costs of shifting attention. However, psychomotor and processing speed were slower in ASD than in NT, and psychomotor and processing speed were positively correlated with attention-shifting costs on Navon and VS, respectively, for both groups. Attention shifting on VS and Navon were correlated among NT, while attention shifting on Navon was correlated with set shifting among ASD. Attention-shifting costs on Navon were positively correlated with restricted and repetitive behaviors among ASD. CONCLUSIONS Relationships between attention shifting and psychomotor and processing speed, as well as relationships between measures of different aspects of visual attention shifting, suggest inefficient top-down influences over preattentive visual processing in ASD. Inefficient attention shifting may be related to restricted and repetitive behaviors in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette E Richard
- a Department of Psychology, Science Complex , Eastern Michigan University , Ypsilanti , MI , USA
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Caparos S, Fortier-St-Pierre S, Gosselin J, Blanchette I, Brisson B. The tree to the left, the forest to the right: political attitude and perceptual bias. Cognition 2014; 134:155-64. [PMID: 25460388 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A prominent model suggests that individuals to the right of the political spectrum are more cognitively rigid and less tolerant of ambiguity than individuals to the left. On the basis of this model, we predicted that a psychological mechanism linked to the resolution of visual ambiguity--perceptual bias--would be linked to political attitude. Perceptual bias causes western individuals to favour a global interpretation when scrutinizing ambiguous hierarchical displays (e.g., alignment of trees) that can be perceived either in terms of their local elements (e.g., several trees) or in terms of their global structure (e.g., a forest). Using three tasks (based on Navon-like hierarchical figures or on the Ebbinghaus illusion), we demonstrate (1) that right-oriented Westerners present a stronger bias towards global perception than left-oriented Westerners and (2) that this stronger bias is linked to higher cognitive rigidity. This study establishes for the first time that political ideology, a high-level construct, is directly reflected in low-level perception. Right- and left-oriented individuals actually see the world differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Caparos
- Université de Nîmes, Rue du Dr Georges Salan, 30000 Nîmes, France.
| | - Simon Fortier-St-Pierre
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boulevard des Forges, CP 500, Trois-Rivières G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - Jérémie Gosselin
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boulevard des Forges, CP 500, Trois-Rivières G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - Isabelle Blanchette
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boulevard des Forges, CP 500, Trois-Rivières G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - Benoit Brisson
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boulevard des Forges, CP 500, Trois-Rivières G9A 5H7, Canada.
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Kerwin L, Hovav S, Helleman G, Feusner JD. Impairment in local and global processing and set-shifting in body dysmorphic disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2014; 57:41-50. [PMID: 24972487 PMCID: PMC4260461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterized by distressing and often debilitating preoccupations with misperceived defects in appearance. Research suggests that aberrant visual processing may contribute to these misperceptions. This study used two tasks to probe global and local visual processing as well as set-shifting in individuals with BDD. Eighteen unmedicated individuals with BDD and 17 non-clinical controls completed two global-local tasks. The embedded figures task requires participants to determine which of three complex figures contains a simpler figure embedded within it. The Navon task utilizes incongruent stimuli comprised of a large letter (global level) made up of smaller letters (local level). The outcome measures were response time and accuracy rate. On the embedded figures task, BDD individuals were slower and less accurate than controls. On the Navon task, BDD individuals processed both global and local stimuli slower and less accurately than controls, and there was a further decrement in performance when shifting attention between the different levels of stimuli. Worse insight correlated with poorer performance on both tasks. Taken together, these results suggest abnormal global and local processing for non-appearance related stimuli among BDD individuals, in addition to evidence of poor set-shifting abilities. Moreover, these abnormalities appear to relate to the important clinical variable of poor insight. Further research is needed to explore these abnormalities and elucidate their possible role in the development and/or persistence of BDD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Kerwin
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA
| | - Sarit Hovav
- Creighton University/University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, USA
| | - Gerhard Helleman
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Biostatistics Core, USA
| | - Jamie D. Feusner
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA, Corresponding author. UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA 90095-8346, USA. (J.D. Feusner)
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