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Mascaro N, Aboelnasr LS, Masood M, Yague E, Moran L, El-Bahrawy M. Exploring the histogenesis of STK11 adnexal tumour using electron microscopy. Virchows Arch 2024:10.1007/s00428-024-03763-2. [PMID: 38376618 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-024-03763-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
STK11 adnexal tumour is a recently described female genital tract tumour, usually identified in a paratubal location, often associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) and with STK11 gene alterations identified in most of the cases. Morphologically, this tumour is composed of cells arranged in a variety of patterns, including cords, trabeculae, tubules and cystic and acinar structures. The cells are only moderately pleomorphic and mitotic activity is variable. As tumour cells express epithelial, sex cord stromal and mesothelial markers, STK11 adnexal tumour may be of sex cord stromal, epithelial or mesothelial origin; a Wolffian origin has also been suggested. We report the ultrastructural features of two STK11 adnexal tumours and compare their ultrastructural features with those of other sex cord stromal tumours, a granulosa cell tumour cell line, as well as the known ultrastructural features of epithelial, mesothelial and Wolffian cells. On ultrastructural examination, two STK11 adnexal tumours showed an admixture of elongated cells with regular elongated nuclei and polygonal cells with nuclei showing markedly irregular outlines and prominent nucleoli. Extracellular collagen fibres were identified. These are common ultrastructural features of sex cord stromal tumours, principally sex cord tumour with annular tubules; no ultrastructural features of epithelial, mesothelial or Wolffian cells were found. These findings in conjunction with the shared clinical and genetic association with PJS and shared molecular changes in STK11 gene suggest that STK11 adnexal tumour represents a poorly differentiated sex cord tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Mascaro
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, DuCane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lamia Sabry Aboelnasr
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, DuCane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Motasim Masood
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, DuCane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ernesto Yague
- Department of Cancer and Surgery, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Linda Moran
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, DuCane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
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2
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Masood M, Ding Q, Cawte AD, Rueda DS, Grimm SW, Yagüe E, El-Bahrawy M. Genetic screening for anticancer genes highlights FBLN5 as a synthetic lethal partner of MYC. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:295. [PMID: 37864183 PMCID: PMC10588048 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When ectopically overexpressed, anticancer genes, such as TRAIL, PAR4 and ORCTL3, specifically destroy tumour cells without harming untransformed cells. Anticancer genes can not only serve as powerful tumour specific therapy tools but studying their mode of action can reveal mechanisms underlying the neoplastic transformation, sustenance and spread. METHODS Anticancer gene discovery is normally accidental. Here we describe a systematic, gain of function, forward genetic screen in mammalian cells to isolate novel anticancer genes of human origin. Continuing with over 30,000 transcripts from our previous study, 377 cell death inducing genes were subjected to screening. FBLN5 was chosen, as a proof of principle, for mechanistic gene expression profiling, comparison pathways analyses and functional studies. RESULTS Sixteen novel anticancer genes were isolated; these included non-coding RNAs, protein-coding genes and novel transcripts, such as ZNF436-AS1, SMLR1, TMEFF2, LINC01529, HYAL2, NEIL2, FBLN5, YPEL4 and PHKA2-processed transcript. FBLN5 selectively caused inhibition of MYC in COS-7 (transformed) cells but not in CV-1 (normal) cells. MYC was identified as synthetic lethality partner of FBLN5 where MYC transformed CV-1 cells experienced cell death upon FBLN5 transfection, whereas FBLN5 lost cell death induction in MCF-7 cells upon MYC knockdown. CONCLUSIONS Sixteen novel anticancer genes are present in human genome including FBLN5. MYC is a synthetic lethality partner of FBLN5. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motasim Masood
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London, UK
| | - Qize Ding
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London, UK
| | - Adam D Cawte
- Single Molecule Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Rd, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London, UK
| | - David S Rueda
- Single Molecule Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Rd, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London, UK
| | - Stefan W Grimm
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London, UK
| | - Ernesto Yagüe
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London, UK.
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London, UK.
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Aboelnasr LS, El-Bahrawy M. Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2023:ijgc-2022-004193. [PMID: 37657820 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2022-004193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Sabry Aboelnasr
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Kasaven LS, Jones BP, Ghaem-Maghami S, Verbakel JYJ, El-Bahrawy M, Saso S, Yazbek J. Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial on the use of intraoperative ultrasound-guided laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy (UGLOC) as a method of fertility preservation in the management of benign ovarian cysts. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060409. [PMID: 35835531 PMCID: PMC9289018 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The lifetime risk of women undergoing surgery for the presence of benign ovarian pathology in the UK is 5%-10%. Despite minimally invasive surgical techniques, evidence suggests a number of healthy ovarian follicles and tissues are resected intraoperatively, resulting in subsequent decline of ovarian reserve. As such, there is an increasing demand for the implementation of fertility preservation surgery (FPS). This study will evaluate the effect on ovarian reserve following two different surgical interventions for the management of benign ovarian cysts. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will conduct a two-armed randomised controlled trial comparing laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy, considered gold standard treatment as per the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) Green Top guidelines for the management of benign ovarian cysts, with ultrasound-guided laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy (UGLOC), a novel method of FPS. The study commencement date was October 2021, with a completion date aimed for October 2024. The primary outcome will be the difference in anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) (pmol/L) and antral follicle count (AFC) measured 3 and 6 months postoperatively from the preoperative baseline. Secondary outcomes include assessment of various surgical and histopathological findings, including duration of hospital stay (days), duration of surgery (minutes), presence of intraoperative cyst rupture (yes/no), presence of ovarian tissue within the resected specimen (yes/no) and the grade of follicles excised within the specimen (grade 0-4). We aim to randomise 94 patients over 3 years to achieve power of 80% at an alpha level of 0.05. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences and scientific meetings. The Chelsea NHS Research and Ethics Committee have awarded ethical approval of the study (21/LO/036). TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05032846.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine S Kasaven
- Department of Cancer and Surgery, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Cutrale Perioperative and Ageing Group, Imperial College London, London, UK
- West London Gynaecological Cancer Centre, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Benjamin P Jones
- Department of Cancer and Surgery, Imperial College London, London, UK
- West London Gynaecological Cancer Centre, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sadaf Ghaem-Maghami
- Department of Cancer and Surgery, Imperial College London, London, UK
- West London Gynaecological Cancer Centre, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Srdjan Saso
- Department of Cancer and Surgery, Imperial College London, London, UK
- West London Gynaecological Cancer Centre, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Joseph Yazbek
- Department of Cancer and Surgery, Imperial College London, London, UK
- West London Gynaecological Cancer Centre, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
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Uthayanan L, El-Bahrawy M. Potential roles of claudin-3 and claudin-4 in ovarian cancer management. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2022; 34:24. [PMID: 35665865 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-022-00125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality amongst all gynaecological malignancies, with around two-thirds of patients diagnosed with advanced disease due to late presentation. Furthermore, around 90% of patients develop recurrence and eventually become chemoresistant. Therefore, there is a high demand to identify biomarkers specific to this disease for screening for early detection, as well as new therapeutic targets. Tight junctions (TJs) regulate paracellular permeability and are vital in establishing epithelial cell polarity. One hallmark of tumorigenesis is the loss of TJs, with loss of cell-to-cell adhesion. Claudins are integral TJ membrane proteins, which have been found to play a critical role in maintaining the TJ's barrier function. Furthermore, claudin-3 (CLDN3) and claudin-4 (CLDN4) are overexpressed in ovarian cancer. This article aims to explore the biological role of CLDN3 and CLDN4 and their potential in different aspects of the management of ovarian cancer. MAIN BODY CLDN3 and CLDN4 have been shown to be effective markers for the early detection of ovarian cancer. Whilst there is difficulty in screening for both claudins in serum, their assessment by gene expression analysis and immunohistochemical methods shows promising potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for ovarian cancer. The localisation and overexpression of claudins, such as CLDN3, have been shown to correlate with poorer survival outcomes. The added value of combining claudins with other markers such as CA125 for diagnosis has also been highlighted. Therapeutically, CLDN3 and more so CLDN4 have been shown to be effective targets of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE). Interestingly, CPE has also been shown to resensitise chemoresistant tumours to therapy. CONCLUSIONS This review presents the diagnostic and prognostic potential of CLDN3 and CLDN4 and their emerging role as therapeutic targets in ovarian cancer. Clinical trials are required to validate the promising results of the in vitro and in vivo studies for CLDN3 and CLDN4, possibly adding onto current ovarian cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leshanth Uthayanan
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK. .,Department of Pathology, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Kasaven LS, Chawla M, Jones BP, Al-Memar M, Galazis N, Ahmed-Salim Y, El-Bahrawy M, Lavery S, Saso S, Yazbek J. Fertility Sparing Surgery and Borderline Ovarian Tumours. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061485. [PMID: 35326636 PMCID: PMC8946233 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Fertility-sparing surgery (FSS) is now a widely acceptable treatment for the management of Borderline Ovarian Tumours (BOTs) in women of reproductive age. However, many clinicians face the dilemma of balancing the risks of disease recurrence with progression to lethal malignancy whilst preserving fertility, in the absence of clear standardized guidelines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oncological outcomes in women who underwent FSS for the management of primary, or recurrent presentation of BOTs, to provide clinicians with further evidence of the safety and feasibility of FSS. Oncological outcomes following a novel method of FSS in the form of laparoscopic ultrasound guided ovarian wedge resection has also been introduced, which has the potential to change the way BOTs are managed in the future in women of reproductive age. Abstract To determine the oncological outcomes following fertility-sparing surgery (FSS) for the management of Borderline Ovarian Tumours (BOTs). A retrospective analysis of participants diagnosed with BOTs between January 2004 and December 2020 at the West London Gynaecological Oncology Centre was conducted. A total of 172 women were diagnosed; 52.3% (90/172) underwent FSS and 47.7% (82/172) non-FSS. The overall recurrence rate of disease was 16.9% (29/172), of which 79.3% (23/29) presented as the recurrence of serous or sero-mucinous BOTs and 20.7% (6/29) as low-grade serous carcinoma (LGSC). In the FSS group, the recurrence rate of BOTs was 25.6% (23/90) presenting a median 44.0 (interquartile range (IQR) 41.5) months, of which there were no episodes of recurrence presenting as LGSC reported. In the non-FSS group, all recurrences of disease presented as LGSC, with a rate of 7.7% (6/78), following a median of 47.5 months (IQR 47.8). A significant difference between the type of surgery performed (FSS v Non-FSS) and the association with recurrence of BOT was observed (Pearson Chi-Square: p = 0.000; x = 20.613). Twelve women underwent ultrasound-guided ovarian wedge resection (UGOWR) as a novel method of FSS. Recurrence of BOT was not significantly associated with the type of FSS performed (Pearson Chi- Square: x = 3.166, p = 0.379). Non-FSS is associated with negative oncological outcomes compared to FSS, as evidenced by the higher rate of recurrence of LGSC. This may be attributed to the indefinite long-term follow up with ultrasound surveillance all FSS women undergo, enabling earlier detection and treatment of recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine S. Kasaven
- Department of Cancer and Surgery, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Cutrale Perioperative & Ageing Group, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Mehar Chawla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West Middlesex University Hospital, Chelsea and Westminister NHS Foundation Trust, London TW7 6AF, UK; (M.C.); (B.P.J.)
| | - Benjamin P. Jones
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West Middlesex University Hospital, Chelsea and Westminister NHS Foundation Trust, London TW7 6AF, UK; (M.C.); (B.P.J.)
| | - Maya Al-Memar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Charlotte’s and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College NHS Trust, London W12 0HS, UK;
| | - Nicolas Galazis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Imperial College NHS Trust, London W12 0HS, UK; (N.G.); (Y.A.-S.)
| | - Yousra Ahmed-Salim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Imperial College NHS Trust, London W12 0HS, UK; (N.G.); (Y.A.-S.)
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0HS, UK;
| | - Stuart Lavery
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College NHS Trust, London W12 0HS, UK;
| | - Srdjan Saso
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Queen Charlotte’s and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College NHS Trust, London W12 0HS, UK; (S.S.); (J.Y.)
| | - Joseph Yazbek
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Queen Charlotte’s and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College NHS Trust, London W12 0HS, UK; (S.S.); (J.Y.)
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Zhou Y, El-Bahrawy M. Gene fusions in tumourigenesis with particular reference to ovarian cancer. J Med Genet 2021; 58:789-795. [PMID: 34462289 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-108010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Gene fusion, a genomic event that generates a novel gene from two independent genes, has long been known to be implicated in tumourigenesis and cancer progression. It has thus served as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in cancer, as well as an ideal therapeutic target in cancer therapy. Gene fusion can arise from chromosomal rearrangement and alternative splicing of transcripts, resulting in deregulation of proto-oncogenes or creation of an oncogenic novel gene. Largely facilitated by next generation sequencing technologies, a plethora of novel gene fusions have been identified in a variety of cancers, which leaves us the challenge of functionally characterising these candidate gene fusions. In this review, we summarise the molecular mechanisms, the oncogenic consequences and the therapeutic implications of verified gene fusions. We also discuss recent studies on gene fusions in both common and rare subtypes of ovarian tumours and how these findings can be translated to cancer therapies to benefit patients carrying these gene fusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK .,Pathology, Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
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Bennett JA, Young RH, Howitt BE, Croce S, Wanjari P, Zhen C, Da Cruz Paula A, Meserve E, Kenneth Schoolmeester J, Westbom-Fremer S, Benzi E, Patil NM, Kooreman L, El-Bahrawy M, Zannoni GF, Krausz T, Glenn McCluggage W, Weigelt B, Ritterhouse LL, Oliva E. A Distinctive Adnexal (Usually Paratubal) Neoplasm Often Associated With Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome and Characterized by STK11 Alterations (STK11 Adnexal Tumor): A Report of 22 Cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2021; 45:1061-1074. [PMID: 33534223 PMCID: PMC8277663 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe 22 examples of a novel, usually paratubal, adnexal tumor associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome in nearly 50% of cases that harbored STK11 alterations in all tested (n=21). The patients ranged from 17 to 66 years (median=39 y) and the tumors from 4.5 to 25.5 cm (median=11 cm). Most (n=18) were paratubal, with metastases noted in 11/22 (50%) and recurrences in 12/15 (80%). Morphologically, they were characterized by interanastomosing cords and trabeculae of predominantly epithelioid cells, set in a variably prominent myxoid to focally edematous stroma, that often merged to form tubular, cystic, cribriform, and microacinar formations, reminiscent of salivary gland-type tumors. The tumor cells were uniformly atypical, often with prominent nucleoli and a variable mitotic index (median=9/10 HPFs). The tumors were usually positive to a variable extent for epithelial (CAM5.2, AE1/AE3, cytokeratin 7), sex cord (calretinin, inhibin, WT1), and mesothelial (calretinin, D2-40) markers, as well as hormone receptors. PAX8, SF1, and GATA-3 were rarely positive, while claudin-4, FOXL2, and TTF-1 were consistently negative. All sequenced tumors (n=21) harbored alterations in STK11, often with a loss of heterozygosity event. There were no other recurrently mutated genes. Recurrent copy number alterations included loss of 1p and 11q, and gain of 1q, 15q, and 15p. Despite an extensive morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular evaluation, we are unable to determine with certainty the histogenesis of this unique tumor. Wolffian, sex cord stromal, epithelial, and mesothelial origins were considered. We propose the term STK11 adnexal tumor to describe this novel entity and emphasize the importance of genetic counseling in these patients as a significant number of neoplasms occur in association with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert H. Young
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sabrina Croce
- Institut Bergonié, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Chaojie Zhen
- University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Loes Kooreman
- Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Thomas Krausz
- University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Britta Weigelt
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Esther Oliva
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Olusoji MJ, Magdy N, Wang J, Van Noorden S, ElShennawy R, Masood M, El-Bahrawy M. Expression of MEL-CAM and HSD3B1 in cervical carcinoma. Pathol Int 2021; 71:561-563. [PMID: 34157783 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nesreen Magdy
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Jayson Wang
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St Georges University of London, London, UK
| | - Susan Van Noorden
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rawda ElShennawy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Motasim Masood
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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Southern A, El-Bahrawy M. Advances in understanding the molecular pathology of gynecological malignancies: the role and potential of RNA sequencing. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2021; 31:1159-1164. [PMID: 34016704 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2021-002509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
For many years technological limitations restricted the progress of identifying the underlying genetic causes of gynecologicalcancers. However, during the past decade, high-throughput next-generation sequencing technologies have revolutionized cancer research. RNA sequencing has arisen as a very useful technique in expanding our understanding of genome changes in cancer. Cancer is characterized by the accumulation of genetic alterations affecting genes, including substitutions, insertions, deletions, translocations, gene fusions, and alternative splicing. If these aberrant genes become transcribed, aberrations can be detected by RNA sequencing, which will also provide information on the transcript abundance revealing the expression levels of the aberrant genes. RNA sequencing is considered the technique of choice when studying gene expression and identifying new RNA species. This is due to the quantitative and qualitative improvement that it has brought to transcriptome analysis, offering a resolution that allows research into different layers of transcriptome complexity. It has also been successful in identifying biomarkers, fusion genes, tumor suppressors, and uncovering new targets responsible for drug resistance in gynecological cancers. To illustrate that we here review the role of RNA sequencing in studies that enhanced our understanding of the molecular pathology of gynecological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Southern
- Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK .,Pathology, Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
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11
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Al Harbi R, McNeish IA, El-Bahrawy M. Ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors: an update on clinical features, molecular changes, and management. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2021; 31:161-168. [PMID: 33414107 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2020-002018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex cord stromal-tumors are rare tumors of the ovary that include numerous tumor subtypes of variable histological features and biological behavior. Surgery is the main therapeutic modality for the management of these tumors, while chemotherapy and hormonal therapy may be used in some patients with progressive and recurrent tumors. Several studies investigated molecular changes in the different tumor types. Understanding molecular changes underlying the development and progression of sex cord-stromal tumors provides valuable information for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for these tumors. In this review, we provide an update on the clinical presentation, molecular changes, and management of sex cord-stromal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Al Harbi
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Iain A McNeish
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK .,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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12
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Masood M, Grimm S, El-Bahrawy M, Yagüe E. TMEFF2: A Transmembrane Proteoglycan with Multifaceted Actions in Cancer and Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123862. [PMID: 33371267 PMCID: PMC7766544 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We recently came across an intriguing protein while screening for tumour-specific apoptosis inducers. It is known as the transmembrane protein with an EGF-like and two Follistatin-like domains 2 (TMEFF2). The gene was identified and characterized by five different groups almost simultaneously around 2000. Physiological function of TMEFF2 is elusive; however, the protein is reported to be involved in wide-ranging physiological and pathological functions including neuroprotection in Alzheimer’s diseases, interferon induction and one-carbon metabolism. Moreover, the TMEFF2 promoter and 5′-upstream regions harbour a CpG island which is progressively methylated upon progression in a wide variety of cancers. Numerous primary publications suggest the methylation of TMEFF2 as a prognostic and even diagnostic marker in different cancers. The primary literature regarding TMEFF2 is distributed far and wide, and despite having more than 150 primary publications mentioning TMEFF2 (or its aliases) in the title or abstract on PubMed, a comprehensive literature review is not available. We believe the reason behind this is firstly the sheer diversity of subjects of these publications and secondly the numerous primary publications reporting contradictory information about TMEFF2, especially when it comes to its oncogenic versus the onco-suppressive roles. The interest in TMEFF2 is growing again; PubMed returning at least 60 publications mentioning TMEFF2 (or its aliases) within the last year. We have made a laborious effort and written a comprehensive review article on TMEFF2 where we have not only compiled and contextualized the information regarding it but also critically analysed the information in the major primary publications. In addition, we have proposed some answers to the apparent TMEFF2 disagreements on its function. This information could serve as a valuable tool for readers not only about TMEFF2 but also on the dual role of type-I transmembrane proteoglycans (harbouring Follistatin-like domains) in oncogenesis and onco-suppression. Abstract Transmembrane protein with an EGF-like and two Follistatin-like domains 2 (TMEFF2) is a 374-residue long type-I transmembrane proteoglycan which is proteolytically shed from the cell surface. The protein is involved in a range of functions including metabolism, neuroprotection, apoptosis, embryonic development, onco-suppression and endocrine function. TMEFF2 is methylated in numerous cancers, and an inverse correlation with the stage, response to therapy and survival outcome has been observed. Moreover, TMEFF2 methylation increases with breast, colon and gastric cancer progression. TMEFF2 is methylated early during oncogenesis in breast and colorectal cancer, and the detection of methylated free-circulating TMEFF2 DNA has been suggested as a potential diagnostic tool. The TMEFF2 downregulation signature equals and sometimes outperforms the Gleason and pathological scores in prostate cancer. TMEFF2 is downregulated in glioma and cotricotropinomas, and it impairs the production of adrenocorticotropic hormone in glioma cells. Interestingly, through binding the amyloid β protein, its precursor and derivatives, TMEFF2 provides neuroprotection in Alzheimer’s disease. Despite undergoing extensive investigation over the last two decades, the primary literature regarding TMEFF2 is incoherent and offers conflicting information, in particular, the oncogenic vs. onco-suppressive role of TMEFF2 in prostate cancer. For the first time, we have compiled, contextualised and critically analysed the vast body of TMEFF2-related literature and answered the apparent discrepancies regarding its function, tissue expression, intracellular localization and oncogenic vs. onco-suppressive role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motasim Masood
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK;
| | - Stefan Grimm
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK;
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- Correspondence: (M.E.-B.); (E.Y.); Tel.: +44-(0)77-7157-4968 (M.E.B.); +44-(0)20-7594-2802 (E.Y.)
| | - Ernesto Yagüe
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK;
- Correspondence: (M.E.-B.); (E.Y.); Tel.: +44-(0)77-7157-4968 (M.E.B.); +44-(0)20-7594-2802 (E.Y.)
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Atinga A, El-Bahrawy M, Stewart V, Bharwani N. Superficial myofibroblastoma of the genital tract: a case report of the imaging findings. BJR Case Rep 2019; 5:20180057. [PMID: 31131129 PMCID: PMC6519501 DOI: 10.1259/bjrcr.20180057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Superficial angiomyofibroblastomas are mesenchymal tumours that occur in the
genital tract and are well described pathologically. This case report reviews
the imaging appearances and highlights the MRI findings, which have not been
previously described. We describe the occurrence of this lesion in a vaginal
cyst, which to the authors’ knowledge, has also not been previously
described. The histological findings are also presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Atinga
- Department of Imaging, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Histology, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
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Huang GS, Merritt MA, Hutson A, Strickler HD, Einstein M, Brouwer-Visser J, Ramirez NC, Lankes HA, El-Bahrawy M, Xue X, Yu H, Mannel RS, O'Malley DM, Mutch DG, Disilvestro P, Geller MA, Guntupalli SR, Birrer MJ, Miller DS, Gunter MJ. Sex hormone, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor signaling in recurrence of high stage endometrial cancer: Results from the NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group 210 trial. J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.5509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5509 Background: Sex hormone and insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis signaling pathways play an important role in endometrial cancer development but their role in endometrial cancer recurrence is unknown. In this study GOG-8015 we evaluated these pathways in a prospective cohort of patients diagnosed with the most common type of endometrial cancer, endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Methods: Stage II-IV endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma patients (N = 816) enrolled in the GOG-210 study with pre-treatment specimens were tested for tumor mRNA and protein expression levels of IGF1, IGF2, IGF binding proteins ( IGFBP) -1and -3, the insulin (IR) and IGF-I receptors (IGF1R), and phosphorylated (activated) IR/IGF1R as well as estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) using quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Serum concentrations of insulin, IGF-I, IGFBP-3, estradiol, estrone and sex hormone binding globulin were measured using ELISAs. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for risk of recurrence were obtained from multivariable Cox proportional hazard’s models with adjustment for age, stage and grade. Results: Recurrence occurred in 280 (34%) cases during a mean of 5.4 years of follow-up. ER-positivity (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.47-0.95), IR-positivity (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.29-0.98) and serum IGF-I levels (highest versus lowest quartile, HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.47-0.92) were inversely associated with recurrence risk. Conversely, circulating estradiol (highest versus lowest tertile, HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.02-2.36) and insulin (per 10 uU/ml, HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.12-2.06) and phosphorylated IGF1R/pIR expression (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.02-1.92) were associated with increased risk of recurrence. Conclusions: We identified novel sex hormone and insulin/IGF axis tissue and circulating biomarkers of recurrence in a prospective study of high stage endometrioid endometrial cancer. Circulating insulin and estradiol, and tissue phosphorylated (activated) IGR1R/IR were independently associated with recurrence. These findings support prioritizing studies to establish their clinical utility as prognostic biomarkers and to investigate new strategies that target these pathways for prevention and treatment of endometrial cancer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Howard D. Strickler
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | | | - Jurriaan Brouwer-Visser
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Nilsa C. Ramirez
- Gynecologic Oncology Group Tissue Bank, Biopathology Center, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Heather A. Lankes
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Xiaonan Xue
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Herbert Yu
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Centre, Honolulu, HI
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David S. Miller
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Marc J. Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Wang J, Gerrard G, Poskitt B, Dawson K, Trivedi P, Foroni L, El-Bahrawy M. Targeted next generation sequencing of pancreatic solid pseudopapillary neoplasms show mutations in Wnt signaling pathway genes. Pathol Int 2019; 69:193-201. [PMID: 30811747 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas are rare neoplasms that have been shown to harbor recurrent somatic pathogenic variants in the beta-catenin gene, CTNNB1. Here, we used targeted next generation sequencing to analyze these tumors for other associated mutations. Six cases of solid pseudopapillary neoplasms were studied. DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks was analyzed using the Ion Torrent platform, with the 50-gene Ampliseq Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 (CHPv2), with further variant validation performed by Sanger sequencing. Four tumors (67%) were confirmed to harbor mutations within CTNNB1, two with c.109T > G p.(Ser37Ala) and two with c.94G > A p.(Asp32Asn). One case showed a frameshift deletion in the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli gene, APC c.3964delG p.(Glu1322Lysfs*93) with a variant allele frequency of 42.6%. Sanger sequencing on non-tumoral tissue confirmed the variant was somatic. The patient with the APC mutation developed metastasis and died. In addition to the four cases harboring CTNNB1 variants, we found a case characterized by poor outcome, showing a rare frameshift deletion in the APC gene. Since the APC product interacts with beta-catenin, APC variants may, in addition to CTNNB1, contribute to the pathogenesis of solid pseudopapillary neoplasms via the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayson Wang
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gareth Gerrard
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Sarah Cannon Molecular Diagnostics, HCA Healthcare UK, London, UK
| | - Ben Poskitt
- Sarah Cannon Molecular Diagnostics, HCA Healthcare UK, London, UK
| | - Kay Dawson
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Pritesh Trivedi
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Letizia Foroni
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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Magdy N, Abdallah H, Gouda N, Magdy A, El-Bahrawy M. Metastatic Kaposi Sarcoma to a lymph node involved by Nodular lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin lymphoma in an HIV-Negative patient. Histol Histopathol 2019. [DOI: 10.7243/2055-091x-6-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Stronach EA, Paul J, Timms KM, Hughes E, Brown K, Neff C, Perry M, Gutin A, El-Bahrawy M, Steel JH, Liu X, Lewsley LA, Siddiqui N, Gabra H, Lanchbury JS, Brown R. Biomarker Assessment of HR Deficiency, Tumor BRCA1/2 Mutations, and CCNE1 Copy Number in Ovarian Cancer: Associations with Clinical Outcome Following Platinum Monotherapy. Mol Cancer Res 2018. [PMID: 29724815 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0034] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The current study evaluated three biomarkers [homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), tumor BRCA1/2 (tBRCA) mutations, and CCNE1 copy-number variation (CNV)] in ovarian tumors from patients enrolled on the SCOTROC4 clinical trial for associations with outcome following carboplatin monotherapy. Ovarian tumors (n = 250), with high-grade serous (HGSOC) subgroup analysis (n = 179) were classified as HRD positive (HRD score ≥42 or tBRCA mutation) and as CCNE1 amplification positive (CCNE1 CNV score >2.4). Seventy-four (30%) tumors were HRD positive, including 34 (14%) with tBRCA mutations. Forty-seven (19%) were CCNE1 amplification positive, all of which were tBRCA wild-type. HRD and tBRCA, but not CCNE1 amplification, were significantly associated with CA125 complete response in the entire cohort (HRD, P = 0.00015; tBRCA P = 0.0096), and the HGSOC subgroup (HRD, P = 0.0016; tBRCA P = 0.032). HRD and lack of CCNE1 amplification were associated with improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in the full cohort and HGSOC subgroup (HRD, P = 0.00021; CCNE1 status P = 0.038). HRD remained significant for OS and PFS after adjusting for clinical factors, while CCNE1 status only remained significant for PFS. Patients with HRD-positive tumors had greater PFS and OS benefit from platinum dose intensification than HRD-negative tumors (P = 0.049 and P = 0.035, respectively). An alternative exploratory HRD score threshold (≥33 or tBRCA mutation) was also significantly associated with both PFS and OS in the HGSOC subset.Implications: HRD, tumor BRCA1/2 mutations, and absence of CCNE1 amplification are associated with improved survival of ovarian cancer patients treated with platinum monotherapy and HRD-positive patients may benefit from platinum dose intensification. Mol Cancer Res; 16(7); 1103-11. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euan A Stronach
- Division of Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James Paul
- University of Glasgow (Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit) and SGCTG, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jennifer H Steel
- Division of Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Xinxue Liu
- Division of Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Liz-Anne Lewsley
- University of Glasgow (Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit) and SGCTG, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nadeem Siddiqui
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hani Gabra
- Division of Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Robert Brown
- Division of Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK. .,Institute for Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
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18
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Stronach EA, Paul J, Timms KM, Hughes E, Brown K, Neff C, Perry M, Gutin A, El-Bahrawy M, Steel JH, Liu X, Lewsley LA, Siddiqui N, Gabra H, Lanchbury JS, Brown R. Biomarker Assessment of HR Deficiency, Tumor BRCA1/2 Mutations, and CCNE1 Copy Number in Ovarian Cancer: Associations with Clinical Outcome Following Platinum Monotherapy. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:1103-1111. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Konopka B, Szafron LM, Kwiatkowska E, Podgorska A, Zolocinska A, Pienkowska-Grela B, Dansonka-Mieszkowska A, Balcerak A, Lukasik M, Stachurska A, Timorek A, Spiewankiewicz B, El-Bahrawy M, Kupryjanczyk J. The significance of c.690G>T polymorphism (rs34529039) and expression of the CEBPA gene in ovarian cancer outcome. Oncotarget 2018; 7:67412-67424. [PMID: 27602952 PMCID: PMC5341885 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The CEBPA gene is known to be mutated or abnormally expressed in several cancers. This is the first study assessing the clinical impact of CEBPA gene status and expression on the ovarian cancer outcome. The CEBPA gene sequence was analyzed in 118 ovarian cancer patients (44 platinum/cyclophosphamide (PC)-treated and 74 taxane/platinum (TP)-treated), both in tumors and blood samples, and in blood from 236 healthy women, using PCR-Sanger sequencing and Real-Time quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based genotyping methods, respectively. The CEBPA mRNA level was examined with Reverse Transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The results were correlated to different clinicopathological parameters. Thirty of 118 (25.4%) tumors harbored the CEBPA synonymous c.690G>T polymorphism (rs34529039), that we showed to be related to up-regulation of CEBPA mRNA levels (p=0.0059). The presence of the polymorphism was significantly associated with poor prognosis (p=0.005) and poor response to the PC chemotherapy regimen (p=0.024). In accordance, elevated CEBPA mRNA levels negatively affected patient survival (p<0.001) and tumor response to the PC therapy (p=0.014). The rs34529039 SNP did not affect the risk of developing ovarian cancer. This is the first study providing evidence that the c.690G>T, p.(Thr230Thr) (rs34529039) polymorphism of the CEBPA gene, together with up-regulation of its mRNA expression, are negative factors worsening ovarian cancer outcome. Their adverse clinical effect depends on a therapeutic regimen used, which might make them potential prognostic and predictive biomarkers for response to DNA-damaging chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Konopka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Michal Szafron
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Kwiatkowska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Podgorska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Zolocinska
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Pienkowska-Grela
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dansonka-Mieszkowska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Balcerak
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Lukasik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Stachurska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Applied Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Timorek
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Oncology, IInd Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw and Brodnowski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Spiewankiewicz
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Jolanta Kupryjanczyk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
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Alzoubi S, Brody L, Rahman S, Mahul-Mellier AL, Mercado N, Ito K, El-Bahrawy M, Silver A, Boobis A, Bell JD, Hajji N. Synergy between histone deacetylase inhibitors and DNA-damaging agents is mediated by histone deacetylase 2 in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:44505-44521. [PMID: 27283986 PMCID: PMC5190114 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have associated the overexpression of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and the presence of TP53 mutations with the progression to advanced stage drug resistant colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanistic link between HDAC2 expression and the TP53 mutational status has remained unexplored. Here, we investigated the function of HDAC2 in drug resistance by assessing the synergistic effects of DNA-targeted chemotherapeutic agents and HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) on two TP53-mutated colorectal adenocarcinoma CRC cell lines (SW480 and HT-29) and on the TP53-wild type carcinoma cell line (HCT116 p53+/+) and its TP53 deficient sub-line (HCT116 p53−/−). We showed that in the untreated SW480 and HT-29 cells the steady-state level of HDAC2 was low compared to a TP53-wild type carcinoma cell line (HCT116 p53+/+). Increased expression of HDAC2 correlated with drug resistance, and depletion by shRNA sensitised the multi-drug resistance cell line HT-29 to CRC chemotherapeutic drugs such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin (Oxa). Combined treatment with the HDACi suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid plus 5-FU or Oxa reduced the level of HDAC2 expression, modified chromatin structure and induced mitotic cell death in HT-29 cells. Non-invasive bioluminescence imaging revealed significant reductions in xenograft tumour growth with HDAC2 expression level reduced to <50% in treated animals. Elevated levels of histone acetylation on residues H3K9, H4K12 and H4K16 were also found to be associated with resistance to VPA/Dox or SAHA/Dox treatment. Our results suggest that HDAC2 expression rather than the p53 mutation status influences the outcome of combined treatment with a HDACi and DNA-damaging agents in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Alzoubi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, Centre for Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Toxicology Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Leigh Brody
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Optimal Health, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Sunniyat Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, Centre for Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Toxicology Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anne-Laure Mahul-Mellier
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Mercado
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Kazuhiro Ito
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Silver
- Colorectal Cancer Genetics, Centre for Genomics & Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Alan Boobis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, Centre for Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Toxicology Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jimmy D Bell
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Optimal Health, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Nabil Hajji
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, Centre for Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Toxicology Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Moulla A, Magdy N, El-Bahrawy M. Ovarian leiomyoma with myxoid stroma. Pathologica 2017; 109:389-391. [PMID: 29449730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian smooth muscle tumours are rare. Notable myxoid change in smooth muscle tumours is uncommon, and raises diagnostic issues that need to be considered on evaluating a spindle cell lesion with notable myxoid change. There is only one case of myxoid leiomyoma of the ovary previously reported. We here report a case of ovarian leiomyoma with areas of myxoid stroma and discuss the relevant differential diagnosis and histological features to be assessed in such a lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moulla
- Department of Histopathology, University Hospital Coventry, UK
| | - N Magdy
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, UK
- Department of Histopathology, National Cancer Institute, Egypt
| | - M El-Bahrawy
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, UK
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria
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22
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Zanini E, Louis LS, Antony J, Karali E, Okon IS, McKie AB, Vaughan S, El-Bahrawy M, Stebbing J, Recchi C, Gabra H. The Tumor-Suppressor Protein OPCML Potentiates Anti-EGFR- and Anti-HER2-Targeted Therapy in HER2-Positive Ovarian and Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:2246-2256. [PMID: 28775148 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Opioid-binding protein/cell adhesion molecule-like (OPCML) is a tumor-suppressor gene that is frequently inactivated in ovarian cancer and many other cancers by somatic methylation. We have previously shown that OPCML exerts its suppressor function by negatively regulating a spectrum of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), such as ErbB2/HER2, FGFR1, and EphA2, thus attenuating their related downstream signaling. The physical interaction of OPCML with this defined group of RTKs is a prerequisite for their downregulation. Overexpression/gene amplification of EGFR and HER2 is a frequent event in multiple cancers, including ovarian and breast cancers. Molecular therapeutics against EGFR/HER2 or EGFR only, such as lapatinib and erlotinib, respectively, were developed to target these receptors, but resistance often occurs in relapsing cancers. Here we show that, though OPCML interacts only with HER2 and not with EGFR, the interaction of OPCML with HER2 disrupts the formation of the HER2-EGFR heterodimer, and this translates into a better response to both lapatinib and erlotinib in HER2-expressing ovarian and breast cancer cell lines. Also, we show that high OPCML expression is associated with better response to lapatinib therapy in breast cancer patients and better survival in HER2-overexpressing ovarian cancer patients, suggesting that OPCML co-therapy could be a valuable sensitizing approach to RTK inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(10); 2246-56. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Zanini
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louay S Louis
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Antony
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evdoxia Karali
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Imoh S Okon
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Arthur B McKie
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Vaughan
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Stebbing
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Recchi
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Hani Gabra
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
- Clinical Discovery Unit, Early Clinical Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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23
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Jones BP, Saso S, Farren J, El-Bahrawy M, Smith JR, Yazbek J. Intraoperative ultrasound-guided laparoscopic ovarian-tissue-preserving surgery for recurrent borderline ovarian tumor. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017; 50:405-406. [PMID: 27883246 DOI: 10.1002/uog.17372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B P Jones
- West London Gynaecological Cancer Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - S Saso
- West London Gynaecological Cancer Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - J Farren
- West London Gynaecological Cancer Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - M El-Bahrawy
- Department of Histopathology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J R Smith
- West London Gynaecological Cancer Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - J Yazbek
- West London Gynaecological Cancer Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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24
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Rzepecka IK, Szafron LM, Stys A, Felisiak-Golabek A, Podgorska A, Timorek A, Sobiczewski P, Pienkowska-Grela B, El-Bahrawy M, Kupryjanczyk J. Prognosis of patients with BRCA1-associated ovarian carcinomas depends on TP53 accumulation status in tumor cells. Gynecol Oncol 2016; 144:369-376. [PMID: 27939982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE TP53 mutation is the most frequent molecular event in BRCA1-associated ovarian carcinomas. TP53 status may be a confounding factor in the evaluation of clinical importance of other proteins. We aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of BRCA1 mutations with respect to the TP53 accumulation status in 159 high-grade ovarian carcinomas. METHODS Statistical analyses were done with the Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, the Cox's and logistic regression models for all patients, and in subgroups with and without TP53 accumulation (TP53+ and TP53-, respectively). RESULTS Forty of 159 ovarian carcinomas (25.2%) were diagnosed in patients with BRCA1 germline mutations; 102 tumors (64.2%) were TP53+ and 57 (37.8%) were TP53-. Among patients with TP53+ carcinomas, BRCA1 carriers had increased odds of recurrence compared with sporadic cases (HR 2.25, P=0.003; median disease-free survival time 7.7 vs. 18.4months, respectively). In the smaller TP53- subgroup, BRCA1 mutation reduced the risk of death by 46% (HR 0.54, P=0.099, median overall survival time 42.7 vs. 28.1months), but beyond the border of significance. When the TP53 status was not taken into account, BRCA1 mutations did not show any significance, however, there was a trend toward increased odds of complete remission for women with BRCA1 mutations compared to non-carriers (OR 2.47, P=0.064). Taxane-platinum therapy showed advantage over the platinum-cyclophosphamide one in the entire group of patients and in the TP53+ subgroup. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the TP53 accumulation status determines the prognosis of BRCA1 mutation carriers with high-grade ovarian carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona K Rzepecka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz M Szafron
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Stys
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Felisiak-Golabek
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Podgorska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Timorek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brodnowski Hospital and II-nd Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Sobiczewski
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Pienkowska-Grela
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Jolanta Kupryjanczyk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.
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25
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Wang J, Trivedi P, El-Bahrawy M. Positivity rate of TTF-1 on immunohistochemistry in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Pathol Int 2016; 66:708-709. [PMID: 27862649 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayson Wang
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, UK.,Department of Cellular Pathology, St George's Hospital NHS Trust, UK
| | | | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, UK.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt
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26
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Flower KJ, Shenker NS, El-Bahrawy M, Goldgar DE, Parsons MT, Spurdle AB, Morris JR, Brown R, Flanagan JM. DNA methylation profiling to assess pathogenicity of BRCA1 unclassified variants in breast cancer. Epigenetics 2016; 10:1121-32. [PMID: 26727311 PMCID: PMC4844213 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1111504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline pathogenic mutations in BRCA1 increase risk of developing breast cancer. Screening for mutations in BRCA1 frequently identifies sequence variants of unknown pathogenicity and recent work has aimed to develop methods for determining pathogenicity. We previously observed that tumor DNA methylation can differentiate BRCA1-mutated from BRCA1-wild type tumors. We hypothesized that we could predict pathogenicity of variants based on DNA methylation profiles of tumors that had arisen in carriers of unclassified variants. We selected 150 FFPE breast tumor DNA samples [47 BRCA1 pathogenic mutation carriers, 65 BRCAx (BRCA1-wild type), 38 BRCA1 test variants] and analyzed a subset (n=54) using the Illumina 450K methylation platform, using the remaining samples for bisulphite pyrosequencing validation. Three validated markers (BACH2, C8orf31, and LOC654342) were combined with sequence bioinformatics in a model to predict pathogenicity of 27 variants (independent test set). Predictions were compared with standard multifactorial likelihood analysis. Prediction was consistent for c.5194-12G>A (IVS 19-12 G>A) (P>0.99); 13 variants were considered not pathogenic or likely not pathogenic using both approaches. We conclude that tumor DNA methylation data alone has potential to be used in prediction of BRCA1 variant pathogenicity but is not independent of estrogen receptor status and grade, which are used in current multifactorial models to predict pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty J Flower
- a Epigenetics Unit; Department of Surgery and Cancer; Imperial College London ; UK
| | - Natalie S Shenker
- a Epigenetics Unit; Department of Surgery and Cancer; Imperial College London ; UK
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- b Department of Histopathology ; Hammersmith Hospital; Imperial College London ; UK
| | - David E Goldgar
- c Huntsman Cancer Institute; University of Utah ; Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Michael T Parsons
- d QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute ; Brisbane , QLD , Australia
| | | | | | - Amanda B Spurdle
- d QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute ; Brisbane , QLD , Australia
| | - Joanna R Morris
- f Genome Stability Unit; School of Cancer Sciences; University of Birmingham ; UK
| | - Robert Brown
- a Epigenetics Unit; Department of Surgery and Cancer; Imperial College London ; UK.,g Section of Molecular Pathology; Institute for Cancer Research ; Sutton , UK
| | - James M Flanagan
- a Epigenetics Unit; Department of Surgery and Cancer; Imperial College London ; UK
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27
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Stavrinou S, Clark A, Irving J, Lee CH, Oliva E, Young R, Sriraksa R, Magdy N, Van Noorden S, McCluggage WG, El-Bahrawy M. Differential expression of E-cadherin and catenins in ovarian sex cord stromal tumours. Histopathology 2016; 69:298-306. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashleigh Clark
- Department of Histopathology; Imperial College London; London UK
| | - Julie Irving
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pathology, and Medical Genetics; Royal Jubilee Hospital; Victoria BC Canada
- Department of Pathology; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Cheng-Han Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
- Royal Alexandra Hospital; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Esther Oliva
- James Homer Wright Pathology Laboratories of the Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA USA
- Department of Pathology; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Robert Young
- James Homer Wright Pathology Laboratories of the Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA USA
- Department of Pathology; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Ruethairat Sriraksa
- The Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center; Khon Kaen University; Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Nesreen Magdy
- Department of Histopathology; Imperial College London; London UK
- Department of Pathology; National Cancer Institute; Cairo University; Giza Egypt
| | | | - W Glenn McCluggage
- Department of Pathology; Belfast Health and Social Care Trust; Belfast UK
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Histopathology; Imperial College London; London UK
- Department of Pathology; National Cancer Institute; Cairo University; Giza Egypt
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28
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Showeil R, Romano C, Valganon M, Lambros M, Trivedi P, Van Noorden S, Sriraksa R, El-Kaffash D, El-Etreby N, Natrajan R, Foroni L, Osborne R, El-Bahrawy M. The status of epidermal growth factor receptor in borderline ovarian tumours. Oncotarget 2016; 7:10568-77. [PMID: 26870997 PMCID: PMC4891141 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of borderline ovarian tumours (BOTs) behave in a benign fashion, but some may show aggressive behavior. The reason behind this has not been elucidated. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is known to contribute to cell survival signals as well as metastatic potential of some tumours. EGFR expression and gene status have not been thoroughly investigated in BOTs as it has in ovarian carcinomas. In this study we explore protein expression as well as gene mutations and amplifications of EGFR in BOTs in comparison to a subset of other epithelial ovarian tumours. We studied 85 tumours, including 61 BOTs, 10 low grade serous carcinomas (LGSCs), 9 high grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) and 5 benign epithelial tumours. EGFR protein expression was studied using immunohistochemistry. Mutations were investigated by Sanger sequencing exons 18-21 of the tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR. Cases with comparatively higher protein expression were examined for gene amplification by chromogenic in situ hybridization. We also studied the tumours for KRAS and BRAF mutations. Immunohistochemistry results revealed both cytoplasmic and nuclear EGFR expression with variable degrees between tumours. The level of nuclear localization was relatively higher in BOTs and LGSCs as compared to HGSCs or benign tumours. The degree of nuclear expression of BOTs showed no significant difference from that in LGSCs (mean ranks 36.48, 33.05, respectively, p=0.625), but was significantly higher than in HGSCs (mean ranks: 38.88, 12.61 respectively, p< 0.001) and benign tumours (mean ranks: 35.18, 13.00 respectively, p= 0.010). Cytoplasmic expression level was higher in LGSCs. No EGFR gene mutations or amplification were identified, yet different polymorphisms were detected. Five different types of point mutations in the KRAS gene and the V600E BRAF mutation were detected exclusively in BOTs and LGSCs. Our study reports for the first time nuclear localization of EGFR in BOTs. The nuclear localization similarities between BOTs and LGSCs and not HGSCs support the hypothesis suggesting evolution of LGSCs from BOTs. We also confirm that EGFR mutations and amplifications are not molecular events in the pathogenesis of BOTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Showeil
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Claudia Romano
- Imperial Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mikel Valganon
- Imperial Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maryou Lambros
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pritesh Trivedi
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Van Noorden
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruethairat Sriraksa
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon CEDEX 08, France
| | - Dalal El-Kaffash
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nour El-Etreby
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rachael Natrajan
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Letizia Foroni
- Imperial Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Osborne
- Dorset Cancer Centre, Poole Hospital, Dorset, United Kingdom
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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29
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Hopkins TG, Mura M, Al-Ashtal HA, Lahr RM, Abd-Latip N, Sweeney K, Lu H, Weir J, El-Bahrawy M, Steel JH, Ghaem-Maghami S, Aboagye EO, Berman AJ, Blagden SP. The RNA-binding protein LARP1 is a post-transcriptional regulator of survival and tumorigenesis in ovarian cancer. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:1227-46. [PMID: 26717985 PMCID: PMC4756840 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are increasingly identified as post-transcriptional drivers of cancer progression. The RBP LARP1 is an mRNA stability regulator, and elevated expression of the protein in hepatocellular and lung cancers is correlated with adverse prognosis. LARP1 associates with an mRNA interactome that is enriched for oncogenic transcripts. Here we explore the role of LARP1 in epithelial ovarian cancer, a disease characterized by the rapid acquisition of resistance to chemotherapy through the induction of pro-survival signalling. We show, using ovarian cell lines and xenografts, that LARP1 is required for cancer cell survival and chemotherapy resistance. LARP1 promotes tumour formation in vivo and maintains cancer stem cell-like populations. Using transcriptomic analysis following LARP1 knockdown, cross-referenced against the LARP1 interactome, we identify BCL2 and BIK as LARP1 mRNA targets. We demonstrate that, through an interaction with the 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs) of BCL2 and BIK, LARP1 stabilizes BCL2 but destabilizes BIK with the net effect of resisting apoptosis. Together, our data indicate that by differentially regulating the stability of a selection of mRNAs, LARP1 promotes ovarian cancer progression and chemotherapy resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Autoantigens/genetics
- Autoantigens/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Disease Progression
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Interleukin Receptor Common gamma Subunit/deficiency
- Interleukin Receptor Common gamma Subunit/genetics
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Protein Binding
- RNA Interference
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Ribonucleoproteins/genetics
- Ribonucleoproteins/metabolism
- Survival Analysis
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- SS-B Antigen
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Hopkins
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Manuela Mura
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Hiba A Al-Ashtal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Roni M Lahr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Normala Abd-Latip
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Katrina Sweeney
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Haonan Lu
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Justin Weir
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jennifer H Steel
- Imperial College Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Division of Cancer, Imperial College Academic Health Science Centre, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sadaf Ghaem-Maghami
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Eric O Aboagye
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Andrea J Berman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Sarah P Blagden
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College, London W12 0HS, UK Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
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30
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Kyriakides M, Rama N, Sidhu J, Gabra H, Keun HC, El-Bahrawy M. Metabonomic analysis of ovarian tumour cyst fluid by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7216-26. [PMID: 26769844 PMCID: PMC4872780 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of ovarian tumours are of the epithelial type, which can be sub classified as benign, borderline or malignant. Epithelial tumours usually have cystic spaces filled with cyst fluid, the metabolic profile of which reflects the metabolic activity of the tumour cells, due to their close proximity. The approach of metabonomics using 1H-NMR spectroscopy was employed to characterize the metabolic profiles of ovarian cyst fluid samples (n = 23) from benign, borderline and malignant ovarian tumours in order to shed more light into ovarian tumour and cancer development. The analysis revealed that citrate was elevated in benign versus malignant tumours, while the amino acid lysine was elevated in malignant versus non-malignant tumours, both at a 5% significance level. Choline and lactate also had progressively increasing levels from benign to borderline to malignant samples. Finally, hypoxanthine was detected exclusively in a sub-cohort of the malignant tumours. This metabonomic study demonstrates that ovarian cyst fluid samples have potential to be used to distinguish between the different types of ovarian epithelial tumours. Furthermore, the respective metabolic profiles contain mechanistic information which could help identify biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ovarian tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kyriakides
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nona Rama
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jasmin Sidhu
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hani Gabra
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hector C. Keun
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Histopathology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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31
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Stronach EA, Cunnea P, Turner C, Guney T, Aiyappa R, Jeyapalan S, de Sousa CH, Browne A, Magdy N, Studd JB, Sriraksa R, Gabra H, El-Bahrawy M. The role of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and IL-8 receptors in platinum response in high grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:31593-603. [PMID: 26267317 PMCID: PMC4741626 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum based drugs are the cornerstone of chemotherapy for ovarian cancer, however the development of chemoresistance hinders its success. IL-8 is involved in regulating several pro-survival pathways in cancer. We studied the expression of IL-8 and IL-8 receptors in platinum sensitive and resistant cell lines. Using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, both platinum sensitive (PEA1, PEO14) and resistant (PEA2, PEO23) show increased expression of IL-8 and IL-8 receptors. IL-8RA shows nuclear and cytoplasmic expression, whilst IL-8RB is present solely in the cytoplasm. Knockdown of IL-8 increased sensitivity to cisplatin in platinum sensitive and reversed platinum resistance in resistant cell lines, decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and decreased inhibitory phosphorylation of pro-apoptotic Bad. IL-8 receptor antagonist treatment also enhanced platinum sensitivity. Nuclear localisation of IL-8RA was only detected in platinum resistant tumours. Inhibition of IL-8 signalling can enhance response in platinum sensitive and resistant disease. Nuclear IL-8RA may have potential as a biomarker of resistant disease.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Humans
- Interleukin-8/genetics
- Interleukin-8/metabolism
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/genetics
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- bcl-Associated Death Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Euan A. Stronach
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paula Cunnea
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christina Turner
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tankut Guney
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Radhika Aiyappa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Senthuran Jeyapalan
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Camila H. de Sousa
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alacoque Browne
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nesreen Magdy
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - James B. Studd
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ruethairat Sriraksa
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Hani Gabra
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt
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32
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Brown R, Timms K, Paul J, Hughes E, El-Bahrawy M, Steel JH, Kalva S, Liu X, Wang Y, Rama NR, Wilhelm-Benartzi C, Gutin A, Lewsley LA, Siddiqui N, Patel N, Lanchbury JS, Gabra H, Stronach EA. Homologous recombination (HR) deficiency, tumor BRCA1/2 mutations (tmBRCA) and association with response and outcome following platinum monotherapy in high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.5576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James Paul
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Xinxue Liu
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nona R Rama
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Liz-Anne Lewsley
- Scottish Gynaecological Cancer Trials Group (SGCTG), Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Naina Patel
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hani Gabra
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
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33
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Blagden SP, Rizzuto I, Stavraka C, O'Shea D, Suppiah P, Patel M, Sukumaran A, Loyse N, Bharwani N, Rockall A, Gabra H, El-Bahrawy M, Wasan H, Leonard RCF, Habib NA, Gribben JG, Ghazaly EA, McGuigan C. Final results of ProGem1, the first in-human phase I/II study of NUC-1031 in patients with solid malignancies. J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.2514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivana Rizzuto
- NIHR/Wellcome Trust Imperial Clinical Research Facility, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chara Stavraka
- NIHR/Wellcome Trust Imperial CRF, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel O'Shea
- NIHR/Wellcome Trust Imperial CRF, London, United Kingdom
| | - Puvan Suppiah
- NIHR/Wellcome Trust Imperial CRF, London, United Kingdom
| | - Markand Patel
- NIHR/Wellcome Trust Imperial CRF, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Naomi Loyse
- NIHR/Wellcome Trust Imperial CRF, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Hani Gabra
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Harpreet Wasan
- Department of Oncology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - John G. Gribben
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Essam Ahmed Ghazaly
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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34
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Blagden SP, Rizzuto I, Stavraka C, O'Shea D, Suppiah P, Patel M, Loyse N, Sukumaran A, Bharwani N, Rockall A, Gabra H, El-Bahrawy M, Wasan HS, Leonard RCF, Habib NA, McGuigan C, Gribben JG, Ghazaly EA. A first in human Phase I/II study of NUC-1031 in patients with advanced gynecological cancers. J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.2547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivana Rizzuto
- NIHR/Wellcome Trust Imperial Clinical Research Facility, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chara Stavraka
- NIHR/Wellcome Trust Imperial CRF, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel O'Shea
- NIHR/Wellcome Trust Imperial CRF, London, United Kingdom
| | - Puvan Suppiah
- NIHR/Wellcome Trust Imperial CRF, London, United Kingdom
| | - Markand Patel
- NIHR/Wellcome Trust Imperial CRF, London, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi Loyse
- NIHR/Wellcome Trust Imperial CRF, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Hani Gabra
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John G. Gribben
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Essam Ahmed Ghazaly
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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35
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Wang J, El-Bahrawy M. Expression profile of mucins (MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6) in ovarian mucinous tumours: changes in expression from benign to malignant tumours. Histopathology 2014; 66:529-35. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayson Wang
- Department of Histopathology; Imperial College London; London UK
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Pathology; University of Alexandria; Alexandria Egypt
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36
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Hedley C, Sriraksa R, Showeil R, Van Noorden S, El-Bahrawy M. The frequency and significance of WT-1 expression in serous endometrial carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:1879-84. [PMID: 25033726 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Serous endometrial carcinoma is an aggressive type of endometrial carcinoma. Wilms tumor gene 1 (WT-1) is commonly expressed in ovarian serous carcinomas and considered a diagnostic marker of these tumors. However, it is generally believed that WT-1 is rarely expressed by endometrial serous carcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and significance of WT-1 expression in endometrial serous carcinoma. We studied the expression of WT-1 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor sections from 77 cases of endometrial serous carcinoma. Thirty-four tumors showed positive expression for WT-1 (44%). There was a statistically significant association between the presence of WT-1 expression and disease-free survival (DFS), where patients with tumors expressing WT-1 had a shorter DFS compared with those with no WT-1 expression (P = .031; median DFS, 15 and 38 months, respectively). By multivariate Cox regression analysis, DFS was independent from other clinicopathological data (tumor stage, presence of lymphovascular space invasion, cervical involvement, and extrauterine spread), indicating that WT-1 expression is independently associated with DFS. Our study shows that WT-1 is expressed in a considerable percentage of endometrial serous carcinomas, suggesting a role for WT-1 in the pathology of these tumors. This has therapeutic significance, as WT-1 is an emerging target for immunotherapy. Moreover, our results show that WT-1 has prognostic value, being predictive of DFS. As a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target, we recommend that WT-1 expression should be included in histopathologic reports of endometrial serous carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Hedley
- School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom SW7 2AZ
| | - Ruethairat Sriraksa
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France CEDEX 08
| | - Rania Showeil
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Alexandria Regional Center for Women's Health and Development, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Histopathology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom W12 0HS
| | - Susan Van Noorden
- Department of Histopathology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom W12 0HS
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Histopathology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom W12 0HS; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
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37
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Magdy N, El-Bahrawy M. Fallopian tube: Its role in infertility and gynecological oncology. World J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 3:35-41. [DOI: 10.5317/wjog.v3.i2.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Disorders of the fallopian tube play a very important role in both infertility and gynaecological oncology. Tubal factor infertility is considered among the leading causes of female factor infertility. Many tubal disorders are related to infertility including congenital anomalies, acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, endometriosis and other pathologies that result in partial or total fallopian tube obstruction. In the field of gynaecological oncology, ovarian surface epithelial tumors remain one of the most fatal malignancies in women worldwide carrying the worst prognosis among female genital malignancies. For decades, the cell of origin of epithelial tumors has remained controversial and was largely believed to be surface ovarian epithelium. Recently several studies suggested that there is a major role of the fallopian tube in the development of ovarian surface epithelial tumors, mainly high grade serous carcinoma and other tumour types. In this article we review the role of the fallopian tube in both infertility and gynaecological oncology.
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38
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El-Bahrawy M. Infertility and gynaecological oncology. World J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 3:26-27. [DOI: 10.5317/wjog.v3.i2.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Infertility and gynaecological cancer are two major problems in the field of women’s health, where both have serious implications on a woman’s physical, social and emotional wellbeing. There are well established links between many aspects of infertility and different types of gynaecological malignancies, including etiology, pathogenesis and disease management. In this special issue there are valuable articles that highlight different aspects of the relationship between infertility and gynaecological oncology. The issue covers conditions that represent risk factors for both infertility and gynaecological neoplasia. There is emphasis on the role of the fallopian tube being a critical organ for both conditions. There is a review on the advances in cancer diagnosis and treatment with consideration of the preservation of patient fertility. The various technologies for fertility preservation are reviewed and their strengths and weaknesses discussed. One of the important fertility preservation techniques is cryopreservation of embryo oocytes or ovarian tissue. This special issue emphasises that fertility preservation is now an important consideration in oncology clinics, and the options available to patients are routinely offered. Future developments will offer women in this difficult situation more options for fertility preservation, with an individualised approach for each patient. Equally, for infertile patients it is important to assess the risk of malignancy so as to provide optimal and timely intervention.
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39
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Iyer R, Chow J, El-Bahrawy M, Savage P. Meigs syndrome presenting with axillary vein thrombosis and lymphadenopathy: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2013; 7:182. [PMID: 23856407 PMCID: PMC3750274 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-7-182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Meigs syndrome is a rare condition, occurring in less than 1% of ovarian tumors and has the characteristic features of a benign ovarian tumor, ascites and a pleural effusion. We present a case of Meigs syndrome in a young patient presenting initially with an axillary vein thrombosis and local lymphadenopathy. Case presentation A 28-year-old Caucasian woman presented with a short history of right arm swelling and shortness of breath as a result of an axillary vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolus. The initial assessment also demonstrated right axillary and subclavian lymphadenopathy, a pleural effusion, ascites and a large ovarian mass. Serum levels of the tumor markers human chorionic gonadotropin and alpha-fetoprotein were normal and the CA-125 level was only moderately elevated. The combination of thrombosis, lymphadenopathy and an ovarian mass raised the possibility of a disseminated malignancy potentially an epithelial ovarian cancer, a germ cell tumor or an ovarian sex cord-stromal tumor. Surgery, performed after a short period of anticoagulation, demonstrated a 13.5cm ovarian cellular fibroma of low malignant potential. Postoperatively the patient made an excellent recovery and the ascites, pleural effusion and lymphadenopathy all resolved promptly. Conclusions In Meigs syndrome the classical findings of ascites, pleural effusion in combination with an ovarian mass can mimic disseminated malignancy but resolve spontaneously after surgery. In this current case, the patient also had lymphadenopathy and venous thrombosis, two other findings that are frequently associated with malignancy and was acutely unwell at presentation. It is unclear if the thrombosis and lymphadenopathy were simply coincidental or shared the same etiology as the ascites and pleural effusion. This case indicates that Meigs syndrome may on occasion present with additional findings that can further mimic disseminated malignancy and may lead to diagnostic uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridhima Iyer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Rd, London W6 8RF, UK.
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40
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Adam J, Yang M, Bauerschmidt C, Kitagawa M, O'Flaherty L, Maheswaran P, Özkan G, Sahgal N, Baban D, Kato K, Saito K, Iino K, Igarashi K, Stratford M, Pugh C, Tennant DA, Ludwig C, Davies B, Ratcliffe PJ, El-Bahrawy M, Ashrafian H, Soga T, Pollard PJ. A role for cytosolic fumarate hydratase in urea cycle metabolism and renal neoplasia. Cell Rep 2013; 3:1440-8. [PMID: 23643539 PMCID: PMC3675675 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of mutated metabolic enzymes in hereditary cancer syndromes has established a direct link between metabolic dysregulation and cancer. Mutations in the Krebs cycle enzyme, fumarate hydratase (FH), predispose affected individuals to leiomyomas, renal cysts, and cancers, though the respective pathogenic roles of mitochondrial and cytosolic FH isoforms remain undefined. On the basis of comprehensive metabolomic analyses, we demonstrate that FH1-deficient cells and tissues exhibit defects in the urea cycle/arginine metabolism. Remarkably, transgenic re-expression of cytosolic FH ameliorated both renal cyst development and urea cycle defects associated with renal-specific FH1 deletion in mice. Furthermore, acute arginine depletion significantly reduced the viability of FH1-deficient cells in comparison to controls. Our findings highlight the importance of extramitochondrial metabolic pathways in FH-associated oncogenesis and the urea cycle/arginine metabolism as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Adam
- Cancer Biology and Metabolism Group, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
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41
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Pellegrino L, Stebbing J, Braga VM, Frampton AE, Jacob J, Buluwela L, Jiao LR, Periyasamy M, Madsen CD, Caley MP, Ottaviani S, Roca-Alonso L, El-Bahrawy M, Coombes RC, Krell J, Castellano L. miR-23b regulates cytoskeletal remodeling, motility and metastasis by directly targeting multiple transcripts. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:5400-12. [PMID: 23580553 PMCID: PMC3664824 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2012] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled cell proliferation and cytoskeletal remodeling are responsible for tumor development and ultimately metastasis. A number of studies have implicated microRNAs in the regulation of cancer cell invasion and migration. Here, we show that miR-23b regulates focal adhesion, cell spreading, cell-cell junctions and the formation of lamellipodia in breast cancer (BC), implicating a central role for it in cytoskeletal dynamics. Inhibition of miR-23b, using a specific sponge construct, leads to an increase of cell migration and metastatic spread in vivo, indicating it as a metastatic suppressor microRNA. Clinically, low miR-23b expression correlates with the development of metastases in BC patients. Mechanistically, miR-23b is able to directly inhibit a number of genes implicated in cytoskeletal remodeling in BC cells. Through intracellular signal transduction, growth factors activate the transcription factor AP-1, and we show that this in turn reduces miR-23b levels by direct binding to its promoter, releasing the pro-invasive genes from translational inhibition. In aggregate, miR-23b expression invokes a sophisticated interaction network that co-ordinates a wide range of cellular responses required to alter the cytoskeleton during cancer cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Pellegrino
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK, Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK, HPB Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, UK, Blizard Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Cutaneous Research, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK and Department of Histopathology, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Justin Stebbing
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK, Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK, HPB Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, UK, Blizard Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Cutaneous Research, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK and Department of Histopathology, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Vania M. Braga
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK, Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK, HPB Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, UK, Blizard Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Cutaneous Research, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK and Department of Histopathology, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Adam E. Frampton
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK, Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK, HPB Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, UK, Blizard Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Cutaneous Research, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK and Department of Histopathology, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jimmy Jacob
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK, Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK, HPB Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, UK, Blizard Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Cutaneous Research, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK and Department of Histopathology, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lakjaya Buluwela
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK, Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK, HPB Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, UK, Blizard Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Cutaneous Research, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK and Department of Histopathology, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Long R. Jiao
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK, Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK, HPB Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, UK, Blizard Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Cutaneous Research, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK and Department of Histopathology, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Manikandan Periyasamy
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK, Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK, HPB Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, UK, Blizard Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Cutaneous Research, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK and Department of Histopathology, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Chris D. Madsen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK, Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK, HPB Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, UK, Blizard Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Cutaneous Research, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK and Department of Histopathology, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Matthew P. Caley
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK, Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK, HPB Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, UK, Blizard Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Cutaneous Research, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK and Department of Histopathology, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Silvia Ottaviani
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK, Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK, HPB Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, UK, Blizard Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Cutaneous Research, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK and Department of Histopathology, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Laura Roca-Alonso
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK, Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK, HPB Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, UK, Blizard Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Cutaneous Research, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK and Department of Histopathology, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK, Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK, HPB Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, UK, Blizard Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Cutaneous Research, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK and Department of Histopathology, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - R. Charles Coombes
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK, Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK, HPB Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, UK, Blizard Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Cutaneous Research, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK and Department of Histopathology, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jonathan Krell
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK, Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK, HPB Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, UK, Blizard Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Cutaneous Research, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK and Department of Histopathology, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Leandro Castellano
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK, Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK, HPB Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, UK, Blizard Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Cutaneous Research, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK and Department of Histopathology, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
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42
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Beggs AD, Jones A, El-Bahrawy M, El-Bahwary M, Abulafi M, Hodgson SV, Tomlinson IPM. Whole-genome methylation analysis of benign and malignant colorectal tumours. J Pathol 2013; 229:697-704. [PMID: 23096130 PMCID: PMC3619233 DOI: 10.1002/path.4132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Changes in DNA methylation, whether hypo- or hypermethylation, have been shown to be associated with the progression of colorectal cancer. Methylation changes substantially in the progression from normal mucosa to adenoma and to carcinoma. This phenomenon has not been studied extensively and studies have been restricted to individual CpG islands, rather than taking a whole-genome approach. We aimed to study genome-wide methylation changes in colorectal cancer. We obtained 10 fresh-frozen normal tissue-cancer sample pairs, and five fresh-frozen adenoma samples. These were run on the lllumina HumanMethylation27 whole-genome methylation analysis system. Differential methylation between normal tissue, adenoma and carcinoma was analysed using Bayesian regression modelling, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and hierarchical clustering (HC). The highest-rated individual gene for differential methylation in carcinomas versus normal tissue and adenomas versus normal tissue was GRASP (padjusted = 1.59 × 10(-5) , BF = 12.62, padjusted = 1.68 × 10(-6) , BF = 14.53). The highest-rated gene when comparing carcinomas versus adenomas was ATM (padjusted = 2.0 × 10(-4) , BF = 10.17). Hierarchical clustering demonstrated poor clustering by the CIMP criteria for methylation. GSEA demonstrated methylation changes in the Netrin-DCC and SLIT-ROBO pathways. Widespread changes in DNA methylation are seen in the transition from adenoma to carcinoma. The finding that GRASP, which encodes the general receptor for phosphoinositide 1-associated scaffold protein, was differentially methylated in colorectal cancer is interesting. This may be a potential biomarker for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Beggs
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK.
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43
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Coombes RC, Tat T, Miller ML, Reise JA, Mansi JL, Hadjiminas DJ, Shousha S, Elsheikh SE, Lam EWF, Horimoto Y, El-Bahrawy M, Aboagye EO, Contractor KB, Shaw JA, Walker RA, Marconell MH, Palmieri C, Stebbing J. An open-label study of lapatinib in women with HER-2-negative early breast cancer: the lapatinib pre-surgical study (LPS study). Ann Oncol 2013; 24:924-30. [PMID: 23233650 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This phase II, open-label, multicentre study aimed to evaluate changes in cell proliferation and biomarkers, as well as efficacy of lapatinib in treatment-naïve patients with HER-2-negative primary breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients received 1500 mg lapatinib for 28-42 days before surgery with repeat biopsies and measurements. The primary end point was inhibition of cell proliferation measured by Ki67; the secondary end points included clinical response, adverse events and changes in FOXO3a, FOXM1, p-AKT and HER-3. RESULTS Overall, there was no significant reduction in Ki67 with treatment (assessment carried out in 28 of 31 subjects enrolled). However, four patients (14%) showed a reduction in Ki67 ≥50%. Four of 25 patients (16%) had a partial response to treatment judged by sequential ultrasound measurements. Response, in terms of either Ki67 or ultrasound, did not relate to changes in any biomarker assessed at baseline, including the estrogen receptor (ER) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, all four clinical responders were HER-3 positive, as were three of four Ki67 responders. CONCLUSIONS Overall, a pre-surgical course of lapatinib monotherapy had little effect on this group of patients; however, in subsets of patients, especially those with HER-3-positive tumors, we observed either reduction in proliferation (Ki67) or tumor size; EGFR/ER status had no impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Coombes
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 1st Floor ICTEM, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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44
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Zeller C, Dai W, Curry E, Siddiq A, Walley A, Masrour N, Kitsou-Mylona I, Anderson G, Ghaem-Maghami S, Brown R, El-Bahrawy M. The DNA methylomes of serous borderline tumors reveal subgroups with malignant- or benign-like profiles. Am J Pathol 2013; 182:668-77. [PMID: 23357500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Serous borderline tumors (SBOTs) are a challenging group of ovarian tumors positioned between benign and malignant disease. We have profiled the DNA methylomes of 12 low-grade serous carcinomas (LGSCs), 19 SBOTs, and 16 benign serous tumors (BSTs) across 27,578 CpG sites to further characterize the epigenomic relationship between these subtypes of ovarian tumors. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of DNA methylation levels showed that LGSCs differ distinctly from BSTs, but not from SBOTs. Gene ontology analysis of genes showing differential methylation at linked CpG sites between LGSCs and BSTs revealed significant enrichment of gene groups associated with cell adhesion, cell-cell signaling, and the extracellular region, consistent with a more invasive phenotype of LGSCs compared with BSTs. Consensus clustering highlighted differences between SBOT methylomes and returned subgroups with malignant- or benign-like methylation profiles. Furthermore, a two-loci DNA methylation signature can distinguish between these SBOT subgroups with benign- and malignant-like methylation characteristics. Our findings indicate striking similarities between SBOT and LGSC methylomes, supporting a common origin and the view that LGSC may arise from SBOT. A subgroup of SBOTs can be classified into tumors with a benign- or a malignant-like methylation profile that may help in identifying tumors more likely to progress into LGSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Zeller
- Epigenetics Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom
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45
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McKie AB, Vaughan S, Zanini E, Okon IS, Louis L, de Sousa C, Greene MI, Wang Q, Agarwal R, Shaposhnikov D, Wong JLC, Gungor H, Janczar S, El-Bahrawy M, Lam EWF, Chayen NE, Gabra H. The OPCML tumor suppressor functions as a cell surface repressor-adaptor, negatively regulating receptor tyrosine kinases in epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Discov 2013; 2:156-71. [PMID: 22585860 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-11-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Epithelial ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancy, and its molecular basis is poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that opioid binding protein cell adhesion molecule (OPCML) was frequently epigenetically inactivated in epithelial ovarian cancers, with tumor suppressor function in vitro and in vivo. Here, we further show the clinical relevance of OPCML and demonstrate that OPCML functions by a novel mechanism in epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines and normal ovarian surface epithelial cells by regulating a specific repertoire of receptor tyrosine kinases: EPHA2, FGFR1, FGFR3, HER2, and HER4. OPCML negatively regulates receptor tyrosine kinases by binding their extracellular domains, altering trafficking via nonclathrin-dependent endocytosis, and promoting their degradation via a polyubiquitination-associated proteasomal mechanism leading to signaling and growth inhibition. Exogenous recombinant OPCML domain 1-3 protein inhibited the cell growth of epithelial ovarian cancers cell in vitro and in vivo in 2 murine ovarian cancer intraperitoneal models that used an identical mechanism. These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism of OPCML-mediated tumor suppression and provide a proof-of-concept for recombinant OPCML protein therapy in epithelial ovarian cancers. SIGNIFICANCE The OPCML tumor suppressor negatively regulates a specific spectrum of receptor tyrosine kinases in ovarian cancer cells by binding to their extracellular domain and altering trafficking to a nonclathrin, caveolin-1–associated endosomal pathway that results in receptor tyrosine kinase polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Recombinant OPCML domain 1-3 recapitulates this mechanism and may allow for the implementation of an extracellular tumor-suppressor replacement strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur B McKie
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom.
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46
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Balasubramaniam ES, Van Noorden S, El-Bahrawy M. The expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and their receptors in fallopian tubes with ectopic tubal gestation. Fertil Steril 2012; 98:898-904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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47
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Wang J, El-Bahrawy M. The diagnostic accuracy of cervical biopsies in determining cervical lesions: an audit. Pathologica 2011; 103:331-336. [PMID: 22558890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present audit was carried out to assess the diagnostic accuracy of cervical punch biopsy during colposcopy in comparison with diagnosis from subsequent cone excision. DESIGN AND SETTING Retrospective analysis was performed by examining the histopathology reports for paired cervical punch biopsies and cervical cone excisions for cases reported from April 2004 to March 2005 (when cervical biopsies and cones were reported by general pathologists) and from January to December 2008 (when reporting by specialist gynaecological pathologists was instituted). SAMPLE 150 women had both cervical punch and cone biopsies performed in the 2004-2005 period, while 149 women had both biopsies performed in 2008. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AND RESULTS In 2004-5, the rate of consistent diagnosis was 68.7%, compared with 75.8% in 2008. This was due to a decrease in the rates of overdiagnosis (16.7% vs. 14.8%) and underdiagnosis (14.7% vs. 9.4%), which was statistically significant. The sensitivity rates for 2004-5 and 2008 were 87.5% and 89.7%, and the specificity rates for the same periods were 39.8% and 39.4% respectively. CONCLUSIONS This audit highlights the importance of planning patient management on the basis of co-ordinated information from smear results, history, colposcopy findings and cervical biopsies. The introduction of specialist gynaecological histopathology reporting has significantly improved the rates of consistent diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Department of Histopathology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, UK
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48
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Adam J, Hatipoglu E, O'Flaherty L, Ternette N, Sahgal N, Lockstone H, Baban D, Nye E, Stamp G, Wolhuter K, Stevens M, Fischer R, Carmeliet P, Maxwell P, Pugh C, Frizzell N, Soga T, Kessler B, El-Bahrawy M, Ratcliffe P, Pollard P. Renal cyst formation in Fh1-deficient mice is independent of the Hif/Phd pathway: roles for fumarate in KEAP1 succination and Nrf2 signaling. Cancer Cell 2011; 20:524-37. [PMID: 22014577 PMCID: PMC3202623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 444] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Krebs cycle enzyme fumarate hydratase (FH) is a human tumor suppressor whose inactivation is associated with the development of leiomyomata, renal cysts, and tumors. It has been proposed that activation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) by fumarate-mediated inhibition of HIF prolyl hydroxylases drives oncogenesis. Using a mouse model, we provide genetic evidence that Fh1-associated cyst formation is Hif independent, as is striking upregulation of antioxidant signaling pathways revealed by gene expression profiling. Mechanistic analysis revealed that fumarate modifies cysteine residues within the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), abrogating its ability to repress the Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant response pathway, suggesting a role for Nrf2 dysregulation in FH-associated cysts and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Adam
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Emine Hatipoglu
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Linda O'Flaherty
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Nicola Ternette
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Natasha Sahgal
- Bioinformatics and Statistical Genetics, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Helen Lockstone
- Bioinformatics and Statistical Genetics, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Dilair Baban
- High Throughput Genomics, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Emma Nye
- Experimental Histopathology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Gordon W. Stamp
- Experimental Histopathology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Kathryn Wolhuter
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Marcus Stevens
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Roman Fischer
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular Link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB Leuven B-3000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular Link, Vesalius Research Center, K.U. Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | | | - Chris W. Pugh
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Norma Frizzell
- Department of Exercise Science, School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 403-1 Daihoji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0017, Japan
| | - Benedikt M. Kessler
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Peter J. Ratcliffe
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Corresponding author
| | - Patrick J. Pollard
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Corresponding author
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49
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Tan DSP, Iravani M, McCluggage WG, Lambros MBK, Milanezi F, Mackay A, Gourley C, Geyer FC, Vatcheva R, Millar J, Thomas K, Natrajan R, Savage K, Fenwick K, Williams A, Jameson C, El-Bahrawy M, Gore ME, Gabra H, Kaye SB, Ashworth A, Reis-Filho JS. Genomic analysis reveals the molecular heterogeneity of ovarian clear cell carcinomas. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:1521-34. [PMID: 21411445 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-1688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ovarian clear cell carcinomas (OCCC) are a drug-resistant and aggressive type of epithelial ovarian cancer. We analyzed the molecular genetic profiles of OCCCs to determine whether distinct genomic subgroups of OCCCs exist. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Fifty pure primary OCCCs were subjected to high-resolution microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering using Ward's linkage analysis was performed to identify genomic subgroups of OCCCs. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Cox-regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of outcome. Differentially amplified regions between genomic subgroups of OCCCs were identified using a multi-Fisher's exact test. RESULTS Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed two distinct clusters of OCCCs with different clinical outcomes. Patients from cluster-1 had a significantly shorter median progression-free survival (PFS) than those from cluster-2 (11 vs. 65 months, P = 0.009), although estimates for ovarian cancer-specific survival (OCS) did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.065). In multivariate analysis, suboptimal debulking surgery and genomic cluster were independently prognostic for PFS. Recurrently amplified genomic regions with a significantly higher prevalence in cluster-1 than cluster-2 OCCCs were identified and validated. HER2 gene amplification and protein overexpression was observed in 14% of OCCCs, suggesting that this may constitute a potential therapeutic target for a subgroup of these tumors. CONCLUSIONS OCCCs constitute a heterogeneous disease at the genomic level despite having similar histological features. The pattern of genomic aberrations in subgroups of OCCCs is of clinical significance. We have identified recurrently amplified regions that may harbor potential therapeutic targets for subgroups of OCCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S P Tan
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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50
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Horimoto Y, Hartman J, Millour J, Pollock S, Olmos Y, Ho KK, Coombes RC, Poutanen M, Mäkelä SI, El-Bahrawy M, Speirs V, Lam EWF. ERβ1 represses FOXM1 expression through targeting ERα to control cell proliferation in breast cancer. Am J Pathol 2011; 179:1148-56. [PMID: 21763263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of ectopic estrogen receptor (ER)β1 expression in breast cancer cell lines and nude mice xenografts and observed that ERβ1 expression suppresses tumor growth and represses FOXM1 mRNA and protein expression in ERα-positive but not ERα-negative breast cancer cells. Furthermore, a significant inverse correlation exists between ERβ1 and FOXM1 expression at both protein and mRNA transcript levels in ERα-positive breast cancer patient samples. Ectopic ERβ1 expression resulted in decreased FOXM1 protein and mRNA expression only in ERα-positive but not ERα-negative breast carcinoma cell lines, suggesting that ERβ1 represses ERα-dependent FOXM1 transcription. Reporter gene assays showed that ERβ1 represses FOXM1 transcription through an estrogen-response element located within the proximal promoter region that is also targeted by ERα. The direct binding of ERβ1 to the FOXM1 promoter was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis, which also showed that ectopic expression of ERβ1 displaces ERα from the endogenous FOXM1 promoter. Forced expression of ERβ1 promoted growth suppression in MCF-7 cells, but the anti-proliferative effects of ERβ1 could be overridden by overexpression of FOXM1, indicating that FOXM1 is an important downstream target of ERβ1 signaling. Together, these findings define a key anti-proliferative role for ERβ1 in breast cancer development through negatively regulating FOXM1 expression.
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