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He L, Zuo Q, Ma S, Zhang G, Wang Z, Zhang T, Zhai J, Guo Y. Canagliflozin attenuates kidney injury, gut-derived toxins, and gut microbiota imbalance in high-salt diet-fed Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2300314. [PMID: 38189082 PMCID: PMC10776083 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2300314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of canagliflozin (20 mg/kg) on Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rat gut microbiota and salt-sensitive hypertension-induced kidney injury and further explore its possible mechanism. METHODS Rats were fed a high-salt diet to induce hypertension and kidney injury, and physical and physiological indicators were measured afterwards. This study employed 16S rRNA sequencing technology and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based metabolic profiling combined with advanced differential and association analyses to investigate the correlation between the microbiome and the metabolome in male DSS rats. RESULTS A high-salt diet disrupted the balance of the intestinal flora and increased toxic metabolites (methyhistidines, creatinine, homocitrulline, and indoxyl sulfate), resulting in severe kidney damage. Canagliflozin contributed to reconstructing the intestinal flora of DSS rats by significantly increasing the abundance of Corynebacterium spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Facklamia spp., Lactobacillus spp., Ruminococcus spp., Blautia spp., Coprococcus spp., and Allobaculum spp. Moreover, the reconstruction of the intestinal microbiota led to significant changes in host amino acid metabolite concentrations. The concentration of uremic toxins, such as methyhistidines, creatinine, and homocitrulline, in the serum of rats was decreased by canagliflozin, which resulted in oxidative stress and renal injury alleviation. CONCLUSION Canagliflozin may change the production of metabolites and reduce the level of uremic toxins in the blood circulation by reconstructing the intestinal flora of DSS rats fed a high-salt diet, ultimately alleviating oxidative stress and renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili He
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qingjuan Zuo
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sai Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guorui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang City Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhongli Wang
- Department of Physical Examination Center, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianlong Zhai
- Department of Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yifang Guo
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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Thompson JM, Watts SW, Terrian L, Contreras GA, Rockwell C, Rendon CJ, Wabel E, Lockwood L, Bhattacharya S, Nault R. A cell atlas of thoracic aortic perivascular adipose tissue: a focus on mechanotransducers. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H1252-H1265. [PMID: 38517229 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00040.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is increasingly recognized for its function in mechanotransduction. However, major gaps remain in our understanding of the cells present in PVAT, as well as how different cells contribute to mechanotransduction. We hypothesized that snRNA-seq would reveal the expression of mechanotransducers, and test one (PIEZO1) to illustrate the expression and functional agreement between single-nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) and physiological measurements. To contrast two brown tissues, subscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) was also examined. We used snRNA-seq of the thoracic aorta PVAT (taPVAT) and BAT from male Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl SS) rats to investigate cell-specific expression mechanotransducers. Localization and function of the mechanostransducer PIEZO1 were further examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RNAscope, as well as pharmacological antagonism. Approximately 30,000 nuclei from taPVAT and BAT each were characterized by snRNA-seq, identifying eight major cell types expected and one unexpected (nuclei with oligodendrocyte marker genes). Cell-specific differential gene expression analysis between taPVAT and BAT identified up to 511 genes (adipocytes) with many (≥20%) being unique to individual cell types. Piezo1 was the most highly, widely expressed mechanotransducer. The presence of PIEZO1 in the PVAT but not the adventitia was confirmed by RNAscope and IHC in male and female rats. Importantly, antagonism of PIEZO1 by GsMTX4 impaired the PVAT's ability to hold tension. Collectively, the cell compositions of taPVAT and BAT are highly similar, and PIEZO1 is likely a mechanotransducer in taPVAT.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study describes the atlas of cells in the thoracic aorta perivascular adipose tissue (taPVAT) of the Dahl-SS rat, an important hypertension model. We show that mechanotransducers are widely expressed in these cells. Moreover, PIEZO1 expression is shown to be restricted to the taPVAT and is functionally implicated in stress relaxation. These data will serve as the foundation for future studies investigating the role of taPVAT in this model of hypertensive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice M Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
| | - Stephanie W Watts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
| | - Leah Terrian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
| | - G Andres Contreras
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
| | - Cheryl Rockwell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
| | - C Javier Rendon
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
| | - Emma Wabel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
| | - Lizbeth Lockwood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
| | - Sudin Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
| | - Rance Nault
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
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Chakraborty P, Niewiadomska M, Farhat K, Morris L, Whyte S, Humphries KM, Stavrakis S. Effect of Low-Level Tragus Stimulation on Cardiac Metabolism in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Transcriptomics-Based Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4312. [PMID: 38673896 PMCID: PMC11050145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormal cardiac metabolism precedes and contributes to structural changes in heart failure. Low-level tragus stimulation (LLTS) can attenuate structural remodeling in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The role of LLTS on cardiac metabolism is not known. Dahl salt-sensitive rats of 7 weeks of age were randomized into three groups: low salt (0.3% NaCl) diet (control group; n = 6), high salt diet (8% NaCl) with either LLTS (active group; n = 8), or sham stimulation (sham group; n = 5). Both active and sham groups received the high salt diet for 10 weeks with active LLTS or sham stimulation (20 Hz, 2 mA, 0.2 ms) for 30 min daily for the last 4 weeks. At the endpoint, left ventricular tissue was used for RNA sequencing and transcriptomic analysis. The Ingenuity Pathway Analysis tool (IPA) was used to identify canonical metabolic pathways and upstream regulators. Principal component analysis demonstrated overlapping expression of important metabolic genes between the LLTS, and control groups compared to the sham group. Canonical metabolic pathway analysis showed downregulation of the oxidative phosphorylation (Z-score: -4.707, control vs. sham) in HFpEF and LLTS improved the oxidative phosphorylation (Z-score = -2.309, active vs. sham). HFpEF was associated with the abnormalities of metabolic upstream regulators, including PPARGC1α, insulin receptor signaling, PPARα, PPARδ, PPARGC1β, the fatty acid transporter SLC27A2, and lysine-specific demethylase 5A (KDM5A). LLTS attenuated abnormal insulin receptor and KDM5A signaling. HFpEF is associated with abnormal cardiac metabolism. LLTS, by modulating the functioning of crucial upstream regulators, improves cardiac metabolism and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praloy Chakraborty
- Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 Stanton L Young Blvd, Suite 5400, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.C.); (K.F.); (L.M.); (S.W.)
- Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Monika Niewiadomska
- Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 Stanton L Young Blvd, Suite 5400, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.C.); (K.F.); (L.M.); (S.W.)
| | - Kassem Farhat
- Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 Stanton L Young Blvd, Suite 5400, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.C.); (K.F.); (L.M.); (S.W.)
| | - Lynsie Morris
- Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 Stanton L Young Blvd, Suite 5400, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.C.); (K.F.); (L.M.); (S.W.)
| | - Seabrook Whyte
- Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 Stanton L Young Blvd, Suite 5400, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.C.); (K.F.); (L.M.); (S.W.)
| | - Kenneth M. Humphries
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Stavros Stavrakis
- Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 Stanton L Young Blvd, Suite 5400, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.C.); (K.F.); (L.M.); (S.W.)
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Mensah EA, Daneshtalab N, Tabrizchi R. Effects of vasoactive substances on biomechanics of small resistance arteries of male and female Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2024; 12:e1180. [PMID: 38421097 PMCID: PMC10902908 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Changes in vascular biomechanics leading to increase in arterial stiffness play a pivotal role in circulatory dysfunction. Our objectives were to examine sex-specific pharmacological changes related to the biomechanics and any structural modifications in small resistance arteries of Dahl salt-sensitive male and female rats. The composite Young modulus (CYM) was determined using pressure myograph recordings, and immunohistochemistry was used for the evaluation of any structural changes in the third-order mesenteric arteries (n = 6). Animals on high-salt diet developed hypertension with significant elevation in central and peripheral blood pressures and pulse wave velocity compared to those on regular diet. There were no significant differences observed in the CYM between any of the groups (i.e., males and females) in vehicle-treated time-control studies. The presence of verapamil (0.3 μM) significantly reduced CYM in hypertensive males without changes within females compared to vehicle. This effect was abolished by phenylephrine (0.3 μM). BaCl2 (100 μM), ouabain (100 μM), and L-NAME (0.3 μM) combined significantly increased CYM in vessels from in normotensive males and females but not in hypertensive males compared to vehicle. The increase in CYM was abolished in the presence of phenylephrine. Sodium nitroprusside (0.3 μM), in the presence of phenylephrine, significantly reduced CYM in male normotensive versus hypertensive, with no differences within females. Significant differences were observed in immunohistochemical assessment of biomechanical markers of arterial stiffness between males and females. Our findings suggest sex possibly due to pressure differences to be responsible for adaptive changes in biomechanics, and varied pharmacological responses in hypertensive state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Mensah
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineMemorial University of NewfoundlandSt. John'sNewfoundlandCanada
| | - Noriko Daneshtalab
- School of PharmacyMemorial University NewfoundlandSt. John'sNewfoundlandCanada
| | - Reza Tabrizchi
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineMemorial University of NewfoundlandSt. John'sNewfoundlandCanada
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Naito Y, Yasumura S, Okuno K, Asakura M, Tsujino T, Masuyama T, Ishihara M. Hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor Roxadustat (FG-4592) reduces renal fibrosis in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. J Hypertens 2024; 42:497-505. [PMID: 38014420 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH) inhibitors have been developed for the treatment of renal anemia, their effects on cardiac and renal dysfunction remain unknown. We previously reported on Dahl salt-sensitive rats, in a rat model of salt-sensitive hypertension, that exhibited anemia and impaired expression of duodenal iron transporters after the development of hypertensive cardiac and renal dysfunction. Therefore, we investigated the effects of Roxadustat (FG-4592), an HIF-PH inhibitor, on anemia, iron regulation, and cardiac and renal dysfunction in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. METHODS Six-week-old male Dahl salt-sensitive rats were fed a normal or high-salt diet for 8 weeks. A further subset of Dahl salt-sensitive rats, that were fed a high-salt diet, was administered Roxadustat for 8 weeks. RESULTS Dahl salt-sensitive rats fed a high-salt diet developed hypertension, cardiac and renal dysfunction, and anemia after 8 weeks of feeding. Roxadustat increased hemoglobin and serum erythropoietin levels in Dahl salt-sensitive rats fed a high-salt diet. With regard to the iron-regulating system, Roxadustat lowered hepatic hepcidin gene expression and increased the gene expression of duodenal iron transporters, such as cytochrome b and divalent metal transporter 1 , in Dahl salt-sensitive rats fed a high-salt diet. Roxadustat did not affect the development of hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy in Dahl salt-sensitive rats with a high-salt diet; however, Roxadustat treatment attenuated renal fibrosis in these rats. CONCLUSIONS Roxadustat ameliorated anemia with affecting the gene expression of the iron-regulating system, and did not affect cardiac hypertrophy but attenuated renal fibrosis in Dahl salt-sensitive rats fed a high-salt diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Naito
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya
| | - Seiki Yasumura
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya
| | - Keisuke Okuno
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya
| | - Masanori Asakura
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya
| | - Takeshi Tsujino
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya
- Division of Pharmaceutical Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo Medical University, Kobe
| | - Tohru Masuyama
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya
- Nishinomiya Watanabe Cardiovascular Center, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Masaharu Ishihara
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya
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Yokoi H. Renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure: a culprit of pericyte detachment in renal congestion. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:553-555. [PMID: 37989913 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01517-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Yokoi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Semenikhina M, Lysikova DV, Spires DR, Domondon M, Stadler K, Palygin O, Ilatovskaya DV. Transcriptomic changes in glomeruli in response to a high salt challenge in the Dahl SS rat. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:98-111. [PMID: 37955135 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00075.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt sensitivity impacts a significant portion of the population and is an important contributor to the development of chronic kidney disease. One of the significant early predictors of salt-induced damage is albuminuria, which reflects the deterioration of the renal filtration barrier: the glomerulus. Despite significant research efforts, there is still a gap in knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms and signaling networks contributing to instigating and/or perpetuating salt-induced glomerular injury. To address this gap, we used 8-wk-old male Dahl salt-sensitive rats fed a normal-salt diet (0.4% NaCl) or challenged with a high-salt diet (4% NaCl) for 3 wk. At the end of the protocol, a pure fraction of renal glomeruli obtained by differential sieving was used for next-generation RNA sequencing and comprehensive semi-automatic transcriptomic data analyses, which revealed 149 differentially expressed genes (107 and 42 genes were downregulated and upregulated, respectively). Furthermore, a combination of predictive gene correlation networks and computational bioinformatic analyses revealed pathways impacted by a high salt dietary challenge, including renal metabolism, mitochondrial function, apoptotic signaling and fibrosis, cell cycle, inflammatory and immune responses, circadian clock, cytoskeletal organization, G protein-coupled receptor signaling, and calcium transport. In conclusion, we report here novel transcriptomic interactions and corresponding predicted pathways affecting glomeruli under salt-induced stress.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study demonstrated novel pathways affecting glomeruli under stress induced by dietary salt. Predictive gene correlation networks and bioinformatic semi-automatic analysis revealed changes in the pathways relevant to mitochondrial function, inflammatory, apoptotic/fibrotic processes, and cell calcium transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marharyta Semenikhina
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Daria V Lysikova
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Denisha R Spires
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Mark Domondon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Krisztian Stadler
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Daria V Ilatovskaya
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
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Ou-Yang YN, Deng FF, Wang YJ, Chen M, Yang PF, Yang Z, Tian Z. High-salt diet induces dyslipidemia through the SREBP2/PCSK9 pathway in dahl salt-sensitive rats. Biochimie 2024; 216:34-45. [PMID: 37844755 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
A high-salt diet is known to increase serum cholesterol levels; however, the underlying mechanism of salt-induced dyslipidemia in patients with salt-sensitivity remains poorly understood. We aimed to investigate whether high-salt diet (HSD) can induce dyslipidemia and elucidate the underlying mechanism of salt-induced dyslipidemia in Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats. Metabolomic and biochemical analyses revealed that the consumption of an HSD (8 % NaCl) significantly increased the serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in SS rats. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated an increase in circulating proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) levels, accompanied by a decrease in hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) levels due to HSD consumption. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot analysis revealed that HSD consumption activated sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP2) expression in the liver and kidney, resulting in upregulation of PCSK9 at the transcriptional level in the liver and at the translational level in the kidney, ultimately increasing circulating PCSK9 levels. The combined effects of HSD on the liver and kidney contributed to the development of hypercholesterolemia. Furthermore, an in vitro assay confirmed that high-salt exposure led to an increase in the protein expression of SREBP2 and PCSK9 secretion, thereby reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake. This study, for the first time, shows that an HSD induces dyslipidemia through activation of the SREBP2/PCSK9 pathway, providing new insights into the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia in patients with salt sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Ou-Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Fen-Fen Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yun-Jia Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Meng Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Peng-Fei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhe Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhongmin Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.
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Yang H, Zhu J, Fu H, Shuai W. Dapansutrile Ameliorates Atrial Inflammation and Vulnerability to Atrial Fibrillation in HFpEF Rats. Heart Lung Circ 2024; 33:65-77. [PMID: 38040503 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2023.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have demonstrated that NLRP3 inflammasomes are key players in the progression of atrial fibrillation (AF) in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This study aimed to analyse the effect of pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasomes using dapansutrile (DAPA), an oral NLRP3-specific inhibitor. METHODS Dahl salt-sensitive rats were fed a high-salt diet (HSD, 8% NaCl) to induce HFpEF. Either DAPA (200 mg/kg/day) or saline was administered daily via gavage for 4 weeks. Electrophysiological studies were performed to assess the AF inducibility. Confocal fluorescence microscopy and western blot analysis were used to study calcium handling. RESULTS The DAPA-treated HFpEF rats were less prone to AF induction by programmed electrical stimulation. Atrial fibrosis and inflammation were attenuated in DAPA-treated HFpEF hearts. Dapansutrile treatment showed an increase in the Ca2+ transient sarcoplasmic reticulum-Ca2+ load, and protein expression of SERCA2; NCX1 and phosphorylation of PLB at Thr17 were decreased following DAPA treatment. The increased frequency of spontaneous Ca2+ spark in the HFpEF rats was related to the hyperphosphorylation of RyR2 at Ser2814, which was blunted in DAPA treatment. Dapansutrile treatment also decreased the phosphorylation of CaMKII expression in the HFpEF rats. Mechanistically, DAPA exerts an anti-arrhythmic effect, mainly by inhibiting activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. CONCLUSION These data provide evidence that the beneficial cardiac effects of DAPA are associated with reduced atrial inflammation and improved CaMKII-dependent Ca2+-handling abnormalities via blunting activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and DAPA may be beneficial in a rat model of HFpEF-induced AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Shuai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China.
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Dayton A, Almutlaq RN, Guntipally S, Ross J, Evans LC. T-cells regulate albuminuria but not hypertension, renal histology, or the medullary transcriptome in the Dahl SSCD247 +/+ rat. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F95-F104. [PMID: 37916287 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00229.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we took advantage of the loss of protection from hypertension in SSCD247-/- rats to characterize the pathological effects of renal T-cells in isolation from the confounding effects of elevated renal perfusion pressure. Male SSCD247-/- and SSCD247+/+ littermates were fed 4.0% NaCl (high salt) diet to induce hypertension. Blood pressure was assessed continuously throughout the time course with radiotelemetry. Urine albumin and protein excretion were assessed on the final day of high salt. Renal injury and medullary transcriptome were assessed after completion of the high salt protocol. In contrast to previous studies, mean arterial pressure was not significantly different between SSCD247-/- and SSCD247+/+ rats. Despite this lack of pressure difference, urinary albumin was significantly lower in SSCD247-/- rats than their wild-type littermates. In the outer medulla, substantially more transcriptomic changes were found to correlate with endpoint blood pressure than with the absence of presence of renal T-cells. We also demonstrated that renal histological damage was driven by elevated renal perfusion pressure rather than the presence of renal T-cells. In conclusion, using the loss of protection from hypertension in SSCD247-/- rats, we demonstrated that renal perfusion pressure has more profound pathological effects on the kidney than renal T-cells. However, renal T-cells, independently of blood pressure, modulate the progression of albuminuria.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In vivo studies in a T-cell-deficient rat model of salt-sensitive hypertension (SSCD247-/- rats) were used to evaluate the role of T-cells on the development of hypertension and renal damage. Detailed physiological and transcriptomic analysis demonstrated no difference in blood pressure between rats with (SSCD247+/+) or without (SSCD247-/-) T-cells. Despite this, albuminuria was significantly lower in SSCD247-/- rats than SSCD247+/+ rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Dayton
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Rawan N Almutlaq
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Sridhatri Guntipally
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Jaryd Ross
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Louise C Evans
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
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11
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Semenikhina M, Fedoriuk M, Stefanenko M, Klemens CA, Cherezova A, Marshall B, Hall G, Levchenko V, Solanki AK, Lipschutz JH, Ilatovskaya DV, Staruschenko A, Palygin O. β-Arrestin pathway activation by selective ATR1 agonism promotes calcium influx in podocytes, leading to glomerular damage. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1789-1804. [PMID: 38051199 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are the first-line treatment for hypertension; they act by inhibiting signaling through the angiotensin 1 receptor (AT1R). Recently, a novel biased AT1R agonist, TRV120027 (TRV), which selectively activates the β-arrestin cascade and blocks the G-protein-coupled receptor pathway has been proposed as a potential blood pressure medication. Here, we explored the effects of TRV and associated β-arrestin signaling in podocytes, essential cells of the kidney filter. We used human podocyte cell lines to determine β-arrestin's involvement in calcium signaling and cytoskeletal reorganization and Dahl SS rats to investigate the chronic effects of TRV administration on glomerular health. Our experiments indicate that the TRV-activated β-arrestin pathway promotes the rapid elevation of intracellular Ca2+ in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, the amplitude of β-arrestin-mediated Ca2+ influx was significantly higher than the response to similar Ang II concentrations. Single-channel analyses show rapid activation of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels following acute TRV application. Furthermore, the pharmacological blockade of TRPC6 significantly attenuated the β-arrestin-mediated Ca2+ influx. Additionally, prolonged activation of the β-arrestin pathway in podocytes resulted in pathological actin cytoskeleton rearrangements, higher apoptotic cell markers, and augmented glomerular damage. TRV-activated β-arrestin signaling in podocytes may promote TRPC6 channel-mediated Ca2+ influx, foot process effacement, and apoptosis, possibly leading to severe defects in glomerular filtration barrier integrity and kidney health. Under these circumstances, the potential therapeutic application of TRV for hypertension treatment requires further investigation to assess the balance of the benefits versus possible deleterious effects and off-target damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marharyta Semenikhina
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, U.S.A
| | - Mykhailo Fedoriuk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, U.S.A
| | - Mariia Stefanenko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, U.S.A
| | - Christine A Klemens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, U.S.A
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, U.S.A
| | - Alena Cherezova
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA, U.S.A
| | - Brendan Marshall
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA, U.S.A
| | - Gentzon Hall
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, U.S.A
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, U.S.A
| | - Vladislav Levchenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, U.S.A
| | - Ashish K Solanki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, U.S.A
| | - Joshua H Lipschutz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, U.S.A
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, U.S.A
| | - Daria V Ilatovskaya
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA, U.S.A
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, U.S.A
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, U.S.A
- James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, U.S.A
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, U.S.A
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, U.S.A
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12
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Wilson C, Thompson JM, Terrian L, Lauver AD, Flood ED, Fink GD, Sather L, Bhattacharya S, Contreras GA, Watts SW. Perivascular Adipose Tissue Remodels Only after Elevation of Blood Pressure in the Dahl SS Rat Fed a High-Fat Diet. J Vasc Res 2023; 61:26-37. [PMID: 38113863 PMCID: PMC10836923 DOI: 10.1159/000535513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tunica media extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is well understood to occur in response to elevated blood pressure, unlike the remodeling of other tunicas. We hypothesize that perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is responsive to hypertension and remodels as a protective measure. METHODS The adventitia and PVAT of the thoracic aorta were used in measuring ECM genes from 5 pairs of Dahl SS male rats on 8 or 24 weeks of feeding from weaning on a control (10% Kcal fat) or high-fat (HF; 60%) diet. A PCR array of ECM genes was performed with cDNA from adventitia and PVAT after 8 and 24 weeks. A gene regulatory network of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (HF 2-fold > con) was created using Cytoscape. RESULTS After 8 weeks, 29 adventitia but 0 PVAT DEGs were found. By contrast, at 24 weeks, PVAT possessed 47 DEGs while adventitia had 3. Top DEGs at 8 weeks in adventitia were thrombospondin 1 and collagen 8a1. At 24 weeks, thrombospondin 1 was also a top DEG in PVAT. The transcription factor Adarb1 was identified as a regulator of DEGs in 8-week adventitia and 24-week PVAT. CONCLUSION These data support that PVAT responds biologically once blood pressure is elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Janice M. Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Leah Terrian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Adam D. Lauver
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Emma D. Flood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Gregory D. Fink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Lisa Sather
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Sudin Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - G. Andres Contreras
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Stephanie W. Watts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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13
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Ito S, Yamatani F, Arai Y, Manabe E, Tsujino T. Dimethyl Fumarate Ameliorated Cardiorenal Anemia Syndrome and Improved Overall Survival in Dahl/Salt-Sensitive Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 387:299-305. [PMID: 37857438 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and anemia are known to adversely affect each other. Inflammation is commonly involved in these diseases. Cardiorenal anemia syndrome (CRAS) is the name given to this mutually harmful condition. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a Food and Drug Administration-approved antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of DMF on Dahl/salt-sensitive (DS) rats as a CRAS model. Six-week-old DS rats were divided into three groups: the control group, the high-salt (HS) group, and the HS+DMF group. The HS and HS+DMF groups were fed a high-salt diet (8% NaCl) from 6 weeks of age. In the HS+DMF group, DMF (90 mg/kg per day) was orally administered from 6 to 15 weeks of age. Systolic blood pressure was measured every 2 weeks. The heart and renal injuries were assessed with histopathological analysis. The heart and renal expression of mRNAs was assessed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. DMF significantly improved overall survival, which was shortened by HS in DS rats. Systolic blood pressure increased in the HS group compared with the control group, and DMF tended to suppress this change. DMF ameliorated the cardiac and renal abnormalities confirmed in the HS group by histopathological analysis. Furthermore, the changes in mRNA expressions associated with disease exacerbation in the HS group were suppressed by DMF. DMF also improved anemia. This study suggests that DMF improves overall survival in DS rats through organ-protective effects and is effective against cardiorenal anemia syndrome. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Dimethyl fumarate was found to improve overall survival in Dahl/salt-sensitive rats, associated with its ability to ameliorate anemia and induce cardioprotective and renoprotective effects through anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoyasu Ito
- The Second Division of Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (S.I., F.Y., Y.A., E.M., T.T.) and Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, School of Medicine (E.M., T.T.), Hyogo Medical University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Fuyuka Yamatani
- The Second Division of Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (S.I., F.Y., Y.A., E.M., T.T.) and Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, School of Medicine (E.M., T.T.), Hyogo Medical University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yuri Arai
- The Second Division of Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (S.I., F.Y., Y.A., E.M., T.T.) and Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, School of Medicine (E.M., T.T.), Hyogo Medical University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Eri Manabe
- The Second Division of Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (S.I., F.Y., Y.A., E.M., T.T.) and Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, School of Medicine (E.M., T.T.), Hyogo Medical University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsujino
- The Second Division of Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (S.I., F.Y., Y.A., E.M., T.T.) and Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, School of Medicine (E.M., T.T.), Hyogo Medical University, Hyogo, Japan
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14
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Ito H, Hirose T, Sato S, Takahashi C, Ishikawa R, Endo A, Kamada A, Oba-Yabana I, Kimura T, Murakami K, Nakamura Y, Takahashi K, Mori T. Pericyte detachment and renal congestion involve interstitial injury and fibrosis in Dahl salt-sensitive rats and humans with heart failure. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:2705-2717. [PMID: 37845397 PMCID: PMC10695822 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01451-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Congestive heart failure produces fluid volume overload, central and renal venous pressure elevation, and consequently renal congestion, which results in worsening renal function. Pericyte detachment and pericyte-myofibroblast transition (PMT) were linked to renal interstitial fibrosis. Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive (DahlS) rats are a non-surgical renal congestion model. The relation, however, between renal interstitial damage, pericyte morphology, and PMT in the renal congestion of DahlS rats has not been reported. DahlS rats (8-week-old) were fed normal salt (NS, 0.4% NaCl) or high salt (HS, 4% NaCl), and the left kidney was decapsulated to reduce renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure (RIHP) at 9 weeks old. One week after capsulotomy, both kidneys were analyzed by molecular and histological techniques. Renal pericyte structure was assessed in the body donors with/without venous stasis. Markers of tubulointerstitial damage, interstitial fibrosis, and PMT were upregulated in the right non-decapsulated kidney of DahlS rats fed HS. Renal tubular injury and fibrosis were detected in the HS diet groups in histological analysis. Pericyte detachment was observed in the right non-decapsulated kidney of DahlS rats fed HS by low vacuum-scanning electron microscopy. Decapsulation in DahlS rats fed HS attenuated these findings. Also, renal pericytes detached from the vascular wall in patients with heart failure. These results suggest that pericyte detachment and PMT induced by increased RIHP are responsible for tubulointerstitial injury and fibrosis in DahlS rats and humans with renal congestion. Renal venous congestion and subsequent physiological changes could be therapeutic targets for renal damage in cardiorenal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ito
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Applied Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuo Hirose
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.
- Department of Endocrinology and Applied Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
- Division of Integrative Renal Replacement Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Shigemitsu Sato
- Division of Integrative Renal Replacement Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Chika Takahashi
- Division of Integrative Renal Replacement Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Risa Ishikawa
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akari Endo
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Applied Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kamada
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ikuko Oba-Yabana
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Kimura
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Murakami
- Division of Pathology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakamura
- Division of Pathology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takahashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Applied Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takefumi Mori
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.
- Division of Integrative Renal Replacement Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.
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15
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Hirata T, Fan F, Fan L, Amin G, White T, Geurts AM, Kojima N, Takahashi T, Miyata N, Williams J, Roman RJ. Knockout of Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 Opposes Hypertension- and Diabetes-induced Nephropathy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2023; 82:445-457. [PMID: 37643020 PMCID: PMC10691661 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The progression of chronic kidney disease results from the accumulation of extracellular matrix leading to end-stage renal disease. We previously demonstrated that a broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor reduced renal injury in rat models of hypertension and diabetes. However, the isoforms and mechanisms involved are unclear. This study examined the role of MMP2 during the development of proteinuria and renal injury after induction of hypertension or diabetes in Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) and MMP2 knockout (KO) rats. Mean arterial pressure rose from 115 ± 2 to 145 ± 2 mm Hg and 116 ± 1 to 152 ± 3 mm Hg in MMP2 KO and SS rats fed a high-salt (8% NaCl) diet for 3 weeks. The degree of proteinuria, glomerular injury, renal fibrosis, and podocyte loss was lower in MMP2 KO rats than in SS rats. Blood glucose and HbA1c levels, and mean arterial pressure rose to the same extent in streptozotocin-treated SS and MMP2 KO rats. However, the degree of proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, renal fibrosis, renal hypertrophy, glomerular permeability to albumin, and the renal expression of MMP2 and TGFβ1 were significantly reduced in MMP2 KO rats. Glomerular filtration rate fell by 33% after 12 weeks of diabetes in streptozotocin-treated SS rats compared with time-control rats, but glomerular filtration rate only fell by 12% in MMP2 KO rats. These results indicate that activation of MMP2 plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of hypertensive and diabetic nephropathy and suggests that an MMP2 inhibitor might slow the progression of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hirata
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Saitama, Japan
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Letao Fan
- Research Headquarters of Pharmaceutical Operation, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ghadir Amin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | | | - Aron M. Geurts
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Naoki Kojima
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Saitama, Japan
| | - Teisuke Takahashi
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Saitama, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Miyata
- Research Headquarters of Pharmaceutical Operation, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jan Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Richard J. Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
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16
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Kim CW, Joo SY, Kim B, Kim JY, Jang S, Tzeng SJ, Lee SJ, Kim M, Kim I. Single cell transcriptome analyses reveal the roles of B cells in fructose-induced hypertension. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1279439. [PMID: 38045685 PMCID: PMC10691591 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1279439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale While the immune system plays a crucial role in the development of hypertension, the specific contributions of distinct immune cell populations remain incompletely understood. The emergence of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology enables us to analyze the transcriptomes of individual immune cells and to assess the significance of each immune cell type in hypertension development. Objective We aimed to investigate the hypothesis that B cells play a crucial role in the development of fructose-induced hypertension. Methods and Results Eight-week-old Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) male rats were divided into two groups and given either tap water (TW) or a 20% fructose solution (HFS) for 4 weeks. Systolic blood pressure was measured using the tail-cuff method. ScRNA-seq analysis was performed on lamina propria cells (LPs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from SS rats subjected to either TW or HFS. The HFS treatment induced hypertension in the SS rats. The analysis revealed 27 clusters in LPs and 28 clusters in PBMCs, allowing for the identification and characterization of various immune cell types within each cluster. Specifically, B cells and follicular helper T (Tfh) cells were prominent in LPs, while B cells and M1 macrophages dominated PBMCs in the HFS group. Moreover, the HFS treatment triggered an increase in the number of B cells in both LPs and PBMCs, accompanied by activation of the interferon pathway. Conclusions The significant involvement of B cells in intestinal and PBMC responses indicates their pivotal contribution to the development of hypertension. This finding suggests that targeting B cells could be a potential strategy to mitigate high blood pressure in fructose-induced hypertension. Moreover, the simultaneous increase in follicular B cells and Tfh cells in LPs, along with the upregulation of interferon pathway genes in B cells, underscores a potential autoimmune factor contributing to the pathogenesis of fructose-induced hypertension in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheong-Wun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, BK21 Plus Kyungpook National University (KNU) Biomedical Convergence Program, Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yong Joo
- Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Boa Kim
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, BK21 Plus Kyungpook National University (KNU) Biomedical Convergence Program, Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, BK21 Plus Kyungpook National University (KNU) Biomedical Convergence Program, Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Shiang-Jong Tzeng
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghoo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyeom Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, BK21 Plus Kyungpook National University (KNU) Biomedical Convergence Program, Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Chen HL, Peng K, Zeng DM, Yan J, Huang YQ, Jiang PY, Du YF, Ling X, Wu J. High-Salt Diet Aggravates Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Glomerular Fibrosis in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats. Am J Hypertens 2023; 36:660-666. [PMID: 37179466 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both diabetic and hypertensive nephropathy eventually progress to glomerulosclerosis. Previous studies revealed a potential role of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in the pathophysiology of glomerulosclerosis in diabetic rats. Therefore, we hypothesized that EndMT was also involved in the development of glomerulosclerosis in salt-sensitive hypertension. We aimed to explore the effects of high-salt diet on endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in glomerulosclerosis in Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl-SS) rats. METHODS Eight-week-old male rats were fed high-salt (8%NaCl; DSH group) or normal salt (0.3%NaCl; DSN group) for eight weeks, with systolic blood pressure (SBP), serum creatinine, urea, 24-hour urinary protein/sodium, renal interlobar artery blood flow, and pathological examination measured. We also examined endothelial-(CD31) and fibrosis-related protein(α-SMA) expressions in glomeruli. RESULTS High-salt diet increased SBP (DSH vs. DSN, 205.2 ± 8.9 vs. 135.4 ± 7.9 mm Hg, P < 0.01), 24-hour urinary protein (132.55 ± 11.75 vs. 23.52 ± 5.94 mg/day, P < 0.05), urine sodium excretions (14.09 ± 1.49 vs. 0.47 ± 0.06 mmol/day, P < 0.05), and renal interlobar artery resistance. Glomerulosclerosis increased (26.1 ± 4.6 vs. 7.3 ± 1.6%, P < 0.05), glomerular CD31 expressions decreased while α-SMA expression increased in DSH group. Immunofluorescence staining showed that CD31 and α-SMA co-expressed in glomeruli of the DSH group. The degree of glomerulosclerosis negatively correlated with CD31 expressions (r = -0.823, P < 0.01) but positively correlated with α-SMA expressions (r = 0.936, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that a high-salt diet led to glomerulosclerosis involving the EndMT process, which played an essential role in glomerulosclerosis in hypertensive Dahl-SS rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Lin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Kuang Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Dian-Mei Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Ya-Qi Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Pei-Yong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Ya-Fang Du
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xiang Ling
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
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18
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Bełtowski J. Role of Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Kidney Injury Associated With Salt-Sensitive Hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2023; 36:641-642. [PMID: 37688319 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpad080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Bełtowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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Kravtsova O, Levchenko V, Klemens CA, Rieg T, Liu R, Staruschenko A. Effect of SGLT2 inhibition on salt-induced hypertension in female Dahl SS rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19231. [PMID: 37932290 PMCID: PMC10628283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose co-transporters (SGLTs) in the kidneys play a pivotal role in glucose reabsorption. Several clinical and population-based studies revealed the beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibition on hypertension. Recent work from our lab provided significant new insight into the role of SGLT2 inhibition in a non-diabetic model of salt-sensitive hypertension, Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats. Dapagliflozin (Dapa) blunted the development of salt-induced hypertension by causing glucosuria and natriuresis without changes in the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System. However, our initial study used male SS rats only, and the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on hypertension in females has not been studied. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine whether SGLT2 inhibition alters blood pressure and kidney function in female Dahl SS rats. The result showed that administration of Dapa for 3 weeks prevented the progression of salt-induced hypertension in female rats, similar to its effects in male SS rats. Diuresis and glucose excretion were significantly increased in Dapa-treated rats. SGLT2 inhibition also significantly attenuated kidney but not heart fibrosis. Despite significant effects on blood pressure, Dapa treatment caused minor changes to electrolyte balance and no effects on kidney and heart weights were observed. Our data suggest that SGLT2 inhibition in a non-diabetic model of salt-sensitive hypertension blunts the development of salt-induced hypertension independent of sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olha Kravtsova
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Dr., Tampa, FL, 33602, USA
| | - Vladislav Levchenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Dr., Tampa, FL, 33602, USA
| | - Christine A Klemens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Dr., Tampa, FL, 33602, USA
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA
| | - Timo Rieg
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Dr., Tampa, FL, 33602, USA
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA
- James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Ruisheng Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Dr., Tampa, FL, 33602, USA
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Dr., Tampa, FL, 33602, USA.
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA.
- James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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20
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Jackson EK, Tofovic SP, Chen Y, Birder LA. 8-Aminopurines in the Cardiovascular and Renal Systems and Beyond. Hypertension 2023; 80:2265-2279. [PMID: 37503660 PMCID: PMC10592300 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.20582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Screening of compounds comprising 8-substituted guanine revealed that 8-aminoguanosine and 8-aminoguanine cause diuresis/natriuresis/glucosuria, yet decrease potassium excretion. Subsequent investigations demonstrated that 8-aminoguanosine's effects are mediated by its metabolite 8-aminoguanine. The mechanism by which 8-aminoguanine causes diuresis/natriuresis/glucosuria involves inhibition of PNPase (purine nucleoside phosphorylase), which increases renal interstitial inosine levels. Additional evidence suggests that inosine, via indirect or direct adenosine A2B receptor activation, increases renal medullary blood flow which enhances renal excretory function. Likely, 8-aminoguanine has pleiotropic actions that also alter renal excretory function. Indeed, the antikaliuretic effects of 8-aminoguanine are independent of PNPase inhibition. 8-Aminoguanine is an endogenous molecule; nitrosative stress leads to production of biomolecules containing 8-nitroguanine moieties. Degradation of these biomolecules releases 8-nitroguanosine and 8-nitro-2'-deoxyguanosine which are converted to 8-aminoguanine. Also, guanosine and guanine per se may contribute to 8-aminoguanine formation. 8-Aminoinosine, 8-aminohypoxanthine, and 8-aminoxanthine likewise induce diuresis/natriuresis/glucosuria, yet do not reduce potassium excretion. Thus, there are several pharmacologically active 8-aminopurines with nuanced effects on renal excretory function. Chronic treatment with 8-aminoguanine attenuates hypertension in deoxycorticosterone/salt rats, prevents strokes, and increases lifespan in Dahl salt-sensitive rats on a high salt diet and attenuates the metabolic syndrome in rats; 8-aminoguanosine retards progression of pulmonary hypertension in rats and anemia and organ damage in sickle cell mice. 8-Aminoguanine reverses age-associated lower urinary tract dysfunction and retinal degeneration. 8-Aminopurines represent a new class of agents (and potentially endogenous factors) that have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system and kidneys and may turn back the clock in age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin K. Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
| | - Stevan P. Tofovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
| | - Lori A. Birder
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
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21
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Iwata Y, Deng Q, Kakizoe Y, Nakagawa T, Miyasato Y, Nakagawa M, Nishiguchi K, Nagayoshi Y, Narita Y, Izumi Y, Kuwabara T, Adachi M, Mukoyama M. A Serine Protease Inhibitor, Camostat Mesilate, Suppresses Urinary Plasmin Activity and Alleviates Hypertension and Podocyte Injury in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15743. [PMID: 37958726 PMCID: PMC10650472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In proteinuric renal diseases, the serine protease (SP) plasmin activates the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) by cleaving its γ subunit. We previously demonstrated that a high-salt (HS) diet provoked hypertension and proteinuria in Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats, accompanied by γENaC activation, which were attenuated by camostat mesilate (CM), an SP inhibitor. However, the effects of CM on plasmin activity in DS rats remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of CM on plasmin activity, ENaC activation, and podocyte injury in DS rats. The DS rats were divided into the control diet, HS diet (8.0% NaCl), and HS+CM diet (0.1% CM) groups. After weekly blood pressure measurement and 24-h urine collection, the rats were sacrificed at 5 weeks. The HS group exhibited hypertension, massive proteinuria, increased urinary plasmin, and γENaC activation; CM treatment suppressed these changes. CM prevented plasmin(ogen) attachment to podocytes and mitigated podocyte injury by reducing the number of apoptotic glomerular cells, inhibiting protease-activated receptor-1 activation, and suppressing inflammatory and fibrotic cytokine expression. Our findings highlight the detrimental role of urinary plasmin in the pathogenesis of salt-sensitive hypertension and glomerular injury. Targeting plasmin with SP inhibitors, such as CM, may be a promising therapeutic approach for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Iwata
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Qinyuan Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kakizoe
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Comprehensive Clinical Education, Training and Development Center, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Terumasa Nakagawa
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Miyasato
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Miyuki Nakagawa
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kayo Nishiguchi
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yu Nagayoshi
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuki Narita
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Izumi
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takashige Kuwabara
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masataka Adachi
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masashi Mukoyama
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Comprehensive Clinical Education, Training and Development Center, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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22
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Namai-Takahashi A, Takahashi J, Ogawa Y, Sakuyama A, Xu L, Miura T, Kohzuki M, Ito O. Effects of Exercise Training on Mitochondrial Fatty Acid β-Oxidation in the Kidneys of Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15601. [PMID: 37958585 PMCID: PMC10649976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise training (Ex) has anti-hypertensive and renal protective effects. In this study, we investigate the effects of Ex on mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism in the kidneys of Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl-S) rats fed a high-salt (HS) diet. Eight-week-old, male Dahl-S rats were divided into three groups: (1) normal-salt diet, sedentary (NS-Sed), (2) HS diet, sedentary (HS-Sed), and (3) HS-Ex. The NS and HS groups were fed a diet containing 0.6% and 8% NaCl, respectively. The HS-Ex group performed treadmill running for 8 weeks (5 days/week; 60 min/day at 16-20 m/min, 0% gradient). Renal function and the expression of enzymes and regulators of β-oxidation and electron transport chain (ETC) complexes were assessed. HS increased systolic blood pressure and proteinuria, and Ex ameliorated these defects. HS also reduced creatinine clearance, and Ex ameliorated it. HS reduced the renal expression of enzymes of β-oxidation (carnitine palmitoyltransferase type I (CPTI) and acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (CADs)) and the related transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and PPARγ-coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and Ex restored this. HS also reduced the renal expression of enzymes in ETC complexes, and Ex restored this expression. Ex ameliorates HS-induced renal damage by upregulating enzymes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation and ETC complexes via increases in PPAR-α and PGC-1α expressions in the kidneys of Dahl-S rats. These results suggest that Ex may have beneficial effects on HS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Namai-Takahashi
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Junta Takahashi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Ogawa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sakuyama
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Lusi Xu
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Takahiro Miura
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kohzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Osamu Ito
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
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23
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Zhai J, Wang Z, Zhang T, He L, Ma S, Zuo Q, Zhang G, Wang X, Guo Y. Canagliflozin and irbesartan ameliorate renal fibrosis via the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231206289. [PMID: 37862678 PMCID: PMC10590049 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231206289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assessed the antifibrotic effects of canagliflozin, with or without irbesartan, on renal injury in Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats fed a high-salt (HS) diet. METHODS After the preconditioning stage, Dahl SS rats (n = 47) were divided into five experimental groups as follows: low-salt (LS, n = 7), HS (n = 10), HS with canagliflozin (n = 10), HS with irbesartan (n = 10), and HS with canagliflozin and irbesartan (n = 10). RESULTS The HS diet increased systolic blood pressure (SBP), renal fibrosis, fibrotic protein expression, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad2/3 pathway protein expression compared with the findings in the LS group. Irbesartan reduced SBP and slowed the loss of renal function. Canagliflozin significantly reduced body weight and renal fibrosis and suppressed the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway. The combined therapy exerted better renoprotective effects on all outcome parameters. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that canagliflozin and irbesartan exert different effects on renal injury in SS hypertensive rats, and the combined regimen could have stronger effects than either monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Zhai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhongli Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Medical Examination Center, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lili He
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sai Ma
- Department of Pain Medicine, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qingjuan Zuo
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guorui Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang City Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Yifang Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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24
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Feng W, Guan Z, Ying WZ, Xing D, Ying KE, Sanders PW. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 regulates afferent arteriolar remodeling and function in hypertension-induced kidney disease. Kidney Int 2023; 104:740-753. [PMID: 37423509 PMCID: PMC10854403 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
This study tested if matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 promoted microvascular pathology that initiates hypertensive (HT) kidney disease in salt-sensitive (SS) Dahl rats. SS rats lacking Mmp9 (Mmp9-/-) and littermate control SS rats were studied after one week on a normotensive 0.3% sodium chloride (Pre-HT SS and Pre-HT Mmp9-/-) or a hypertension-inducing diet containing 4.0% sodium chloride (HT SS and HT Mmp9-/-). Telemetry-monitored blood pressure of both the HT SS and HT Mmp9-/- rats increased and did not differ. Kidney microvessel transforming growth factor-beta 1 (Tgfb1) mRNA did not differ between Pre-HT SS and Pre-HT Mmp9-/- rats, but with hypertension and expression of Mmp9 and Tgfb1 increased in HT SS rats, along with phospho-Smad2 labeling of nuclei of vascular smooth muscle cells, and with peri-arteriolar fibronectin deposition. Loss of MMP-9 prevented hypertension-induced phenotypic transformation of microvascular smooth muscle cells and the expected increased microvascular expression of pro-inflammatory molecules. Loss of MMP-9 in vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro prevented cyclic strain-induced production of active TGF-β1 and phospho-Smad2/3 stimulation. Afferent arteriolar autoregulation was impaired in HT SS rats but not in HT Mmp9-/- rats or the HT SS rats treated with doxycycline, an MMP inhibitor. HT SS but not HT Mmp9-/- rats showed decreased glomerular Wilms Tumor 1 protein-positive cells (a marker of podocytes) along with increased urinary podocin and nephrin mRNA excretion, all indicative of glomerular damage. Thus, our findings support an active role for MMP-9 in a hypertension-induced kidney microvascular remodeling process that promotes glomerular epithelial cell injury in SS rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Feng
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Zhengrong Guan
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Wei-Zhong Ying
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Dongqi Xing
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kai Er Ying
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Paul W Sanders
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
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25
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Ferrari LF, Wilkinson A, Cahoon C, Ramirez A, Rey C, Donaldson GW, Taylor NE. Descending Control of Nociception Poorly Predicts the Development of Persistent Postsurgical Pain-like Behavior in Consomic Dahl S Rat Strains. Anesthesiology 2023; 139:476-491. [PMID: 37351557 PMCID: PMC10530067 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000004662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic postsurgical pain is a poorly recognized outcome of surgery where patients experience pain long after healing from the surgical insult. Descending control of nociception, a phenomenon whereby application of a strong nociceptive stimulus to one part of the body of animals inhibits pain in remote body regions, offers one strategy to identify a propensity to develop chronic postsurgical pain-like behavior. Here, consomic rat panel was used to test the hypothesis that pain persistence is mechanistically linked to ineffective descending control of nociception. METHODS Male and female Brown Norway, Dahl S, and eight consomic strains (SS-xBN) were used to determine the presence of chronic postsurgical pain-like behaviors by using paw-withdrawal threshold evaluation (von Frey method) in the area adjacent to a hind paw plantar incision. Descending control of nociception was assessed by measuring hind paw-withdrawal thresholds (Randall-Selitto method) after capsaicin (125 µg) injection into a forepaw. Consomic rats were developed by introgressing individual Brown Norway chromosomes on the Dahl S rat genetic background, as Dahl S rats lack preoperative descending control of nociception. RESULTS Substitution of several chromosomes from the "pain-resistant" Brown Norway to the "pain-prone" Dahl S/Medical College of Wisconsin reduced mechanical nociceptive sensitivity and increased endogenous pain modulation capacity by differing degrees. Statistical modeling of these data revealed that descending control of nociception is a poor general predictor of the propensity to develop chronic postsurgical pain-like behavior (poor fit for model 1). However, a significant strain-by-descending control of nociception interaction was revealed (model 3, -2*log likelihood; 550.668, -2ll change; 18.093, P = 0.034) with SS-13BN and SS-15BN strains showing a negative descending control of nociception relationship with chronic postsurgical pain-like behavior. CONCLUSIONS Descending control of nociception poorly predicted which rat strains developed chronic postsurgical pain-like behavior despite controlling for genetic, environmental, and sex differences. Two consomic strains that mimic clinical chronic postsurgical pain criteria and display a strong negative correlation with descending control of nociception were identified, offering novel candidates for future experiments exploring mechanisms that lead to chronic postsurgical pain. EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz F. Ferrari
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108
| | - Ashley Wilkinson
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108
| | - Christian Cahoon
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108
| | - Anna Ramirez
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108
| | - Charles Rey
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108
| | - Gary W. Donaldson
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108
| | - Norman E. Taylor
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108
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26
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Wu J, Le TH. Autoregulatory mission impossible: when afferent arterioles lose contractility. Kidney Int 2023; 104:649-651. [PMID: 37739614 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The myogenic response of afferent arterioles is a key autoregulatory mechanism that protects the glomeruli from barotrauma. Afferent arteriolar smooth muscle cells contract to increased intraluminal pressure through mechanosensitive cation channels and interactions between integrin and extracellular matrix that trigger calcium-dependent actomyosin contraction. The study by Feng et al. provides evidence supporting the concept that increased matrix metalloproteinase 9 in kidney microvessels of Dahl salt-sensitive rats interferes with integrin-matrix binding and promotes phenotypic transformation of afferent arterioles, causing loss of myogenic constriction and hypertensive nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Thu H Le
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.
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27
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Monu SR, Potter DL, Liao TD, King KN, Ortiz PA. Role of Alström syndrome 1 in the regulation of glomerular hemodynamics. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F418-F425. [PMID: 37560774 PMCID: PMC10639022 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00017.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivating mutations in the ALMS1 gene in humans cause Alström syndrome, characterized by the early onset of obesity, insulin resistance, and renal dysfunction. However, the role of ALMS1 in renal function and hemodynamics is unclear. We previously found that ALMS1 is expressed in thick ascending limbs, where it binds and decreases Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter activity. We hypothesized that ALMS1 is expressed in macula densa cells and that its deletion enhances tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) and reduces glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in rats. To test this, homozygous ALMS1 knockout (KO) and littermate wild-type Dahl salt-sensitive rats were studied. TGF sensitivity was higher in ALMS1 KO rats as measured by in vivo renal micropuncture. Using confocal microscopy, we confirmed immunolabeling of ALMS1 in macula densa cells (nitric oxide synthase 1 positive), supporting a role for ALMS1 in TGF regulation. Baseline glomerular capillary pressure was higher in ALMS1 KO rats, as was mean arterial pressure. Renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure was lower in ALMS1 KO rats, which is linked to increased Na+ reabsorption and hypertension. GFR was reduced in ALMS1 KO rats. Seven-week-old ALMS1 KO rats were not proteinuric, but proteinuria was present in 18- to 22-wk-old ALMS1 KO rats. The glomerulosclerosis index was higher in 18-wk-old ALMS1 KO rats. In conclusion, ALMS1 is involved in the control of glomerular hemodynamics in part by enhancing TGF sensitivity, and this may contribute to decreased GFR. Increased TGF sensitivity, enhanced glomerular capillary pressure, and hypertension may lead to glomerular damage in ALMS1 KO rats. These are the first data supporting the role of ALMS1 in TGF and glomerular hemodynamics.NEW & NOTEWORTHY ALMS1 is a novel protein involved in regulating tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) sensitivity, glomerular capillary pressure, and blood pressure, and its dysfunction may reduce renal function and cause glomerular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit R Monu
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - D'Anna L Potter
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Tang-Dong Liao
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Keyona Nicole King
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Pablo A Ortiz
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
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Ekperikpe US, Mandal S, Holt SJ, Daniels JK, Johnson TD, Cooper JS, Safir SM, Cornelius DC, Williams JM. Metformin reduces insulin resistance and attenuates progressive renal injury in prepubertal obese Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F363-F376. [PMID: 37498548 PMCID: PMC10639024 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00078.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Prepubertal obesity is currently an epidemic and is considered as a major risk factor for renal injury. Previous studies have demonstrated that insulin resistance contributes to renal injury in obesity, independent of diabetes. However, studies examining the relationship between insulin resistance and renal injury in obese children are lacking. Recently, we reported that progressive renal injury in Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) leptin receptor mutant (SSLepRmutant) rats was associated with insulin resistance before puberty. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine whether decreasing insulin resistance with metformin will reduce renal injury in SSLepRmutant rats. Four-wk-old SS and SSLepRmutant rats were separated into the following two groups: 1) vehicle and 2) metformin (300 mg/kg/day) via chow diet for 4 wk. Chronic administration of metformin markedly reduced insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in SSLepRmutant rats. We did not detect any differences in mean arterial pressure between vehicle and metformin-treated SS and SSLepRmutant rats. Proteinuria was significantly greater in SSLepRmutant rats versus SS rats throughout the study, and metformin administration significantly reduced proteinuria in SSLepRmutant rats. At the end of the protocol, metformin prevented the renal hyperfiltration observed in SSLepRmutant rats versus SS rats. Glomerular and tubular injury and renal inflammation and fibrosis were significantly higher in vehicle-treated SSLepRmutant rats versus SS rats, and metformin reduced these parameters in SSLepRmutant rats. These data suggest that reducing insulin resistance with metformin prevents renal hyperfiltration and progressive renal injury in SSLepRmutant rats before puberty and may be therapeutically useful in managing renal injury during prepubertal obesity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Childhood/prepubertal obesity is a public health concern that is associated with early signs of proteinuria. Insulin resistance has been described in obese children. However, studies investigating the role of insulin resistance during childhood obesity-associated renal injury are limited. This study provides evidence of an early relationship between insulin resistance and renal injury in a rat model of prepubertal obesity. These data also suggest that reducing insulin resistance with metformin may be renoprotective in obese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubong S Ekperikpe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Sautan Mandal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Stephen J Holt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Jacori K Daniels
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Tyler D Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Jonita S Cooper
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Sarah M Safir
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Denise C Cornelius
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Jan M Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
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Kim JY, Lee S, Jang S, Kim CW, Gu BH, Kim M, Kim I. T helper cell polarity determines salt sensitivity and hypertension development. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:2168-2178. [PMID: 37463980 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01365-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
High-salt intake is known to induce pathogenic T helper (Th) 17 cells and hypertension, but contrary to what is known, causes hypertension only in salt-sensitive (SS) individuals. Thus, we hypothesized that Th cell polarity determines salt sensitivity and hypertension development. Cultured splenic T cells from Dahl SS and salt-resistant (SR) rats subjected to hypertonic salt solutions were evaluated via ELISA, flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry and RT-qPCR. Seven-week-old SS and SR rats were fed a chow (CD) or high-salt diet (HSD) for 4 weeks, with weekly measurements of systolic blood pressure. The relaxation response of the aorta rings to the cumulative addition of acetylcholine was measured ex vivo. In these experimental animals, the Th cell polarity (Th17 and T regulatory [Treg]), the expression of Th17- or Treg-related genes, and the enrichment of the transcription factors RORγt and FOXP3 on the target gene promoter regions were determined via flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Hypertonic salt solution induced Th17 and Treg cell differentiation in cultured splenic T cells isolated from SS and SR rats, respectively. HSD induced hypertension, endothelial dysfunction and proinflammatory Th17 cell differentiation only in SS rats. The enrichment of RORγt on the promoter regions of Il17a and Il23r increased their expression only in SS rats. Regardless of HSD, SR rats remained normotensive with Treg polarity, causing high Treg-related gene expressions (Il10, Cd25 and Foxp3). This study demonstrated that Th cell polarity determines salt sensitivity and drives hypertension development. SR rats were protected from HSD-associated hypertension via anti-inflammatory Treg polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyung Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheong-Wun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon-Hee Gu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Live Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghoo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Live Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyeom Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang T, Wang X, Wang Z, Zhai J, He L, Wang Y, Zuo Q, Ma S, Zhang G, Guo Y. Canagliflozin Ameliorates Ventricular Remodeling through Apelin/Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Signaling in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction Rats. Pharmacology 2023; 108:478-491. [PMID: 37611563 DOI: 10.1159/000533277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of canagliflozin (CANA) on ventricular remodeling in patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) heart failure and to further investigate its possible molecular mechanisms. METHODS A high-salt diet was used to induce the formation of HFpEF model in salt-sensitive rats. The rats were fed with CANA and irbesartan, respectively. The mice were divided into control group, model group, CANA group, irbesartan group, and combined drug group. After 12 weeks of feeding, the rats were evaluated by measuring the relevant indexes and echocardiography for cardiac function. Histological analysis was performed using Masson trichrome staining and immunohistochemical staining. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to quantify the relevant genes and proteins. RESULTS In this study, CANA exhibited diuresis, decreased blood pressure, weight loss, and increased food and water intake. Following a high-salt diet, Dahl salt-sensitive rats developed hypertension followed by left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis, and left ventricular remodeling. Myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis were reduced, and left ventricular diastolic function and ventricular remodeling improved after CANA treatment. The combination of CANA and irbesartan was superior to monotherapy in reducing blood pressure and improving cardiac insufficiency and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in rats. CANA improves myocardial fibrosis, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, and ventricular remodeling by upregulating apelin, activating angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and increasing ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MASR axis levels. CONCLUSION CANA improves myocardial fibrosis, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, and ventricular remodeling in HFpEF rats through upregulation of apelin/ACE2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China,
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China,
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Postgraduate, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Zhongli Wang
- Department of Physical Examination Center, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianlong Zhai
- Department of Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lili He
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qingjuan Zuo
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sai Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guorui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang City Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yifang Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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Dai S, Zhao L, Wang G, Chen C, Li C, Xiao B, Miao Y. Celiac ganglia neurolysis suppresses high blood pressure in rats. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:1771-1781. [PMID: 37173429 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01305-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of renal denervation in the treatment of resistant hypertension has been controversial, and new strategies for its therapy are urgently needed. We performed the celiac ganglia neurolysis (CGN) or sham surgery on both spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and Dahl salt-sensitive rat models of hypertension. Following CGN surgery in both strains, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure were all lower than the levels in the respective sham surgery rats, which were maintained until the end of the study, 18 weeks postoperatively in SHRs and 12 weeks postoperatively in Dahl rats. CGN therapy destroyed ganglion cell structure and significantly inhibited celiac ganglia nerve viability. Four and twelve weeks after CGN, the plasma renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone levels were markedly attenuated, and the nitric oxide content was significantly increased in the CGN group compared with the respective sham surgery rats. However, CGN did not result in statistical difference in malondialdehyde levels compared with sham surgery in both strains. The CGN has efficacy in reducing high blood pressure and may be an alternative for resistant hypertension. Minimally invasive endoscopic ultrasound-guided celiac ganglia neurolysis (EUS-CGN) and percutaneous CGN are safe and convenient treatment approaches. Moreover, for hypertensive patients who need surgery due to abdominal disease or pain relief from pancreatic cancer, intraoperative CGN or EUS-CGN will be a good choice for hypertension therapy. The graphical abstract of antihypertensive effect of CGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangnan Dai
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangfu Wang
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chongfa Chen
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenchen Li
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Xiao
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yi Miao
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Pancreas Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Poudel B, Ekperikpe US, Mandal S, Wilson GE, Shields CA, Cornelius DC, Williams JM. Chronic treatment with IL-25 increases renal M2 macrophages and reduces renal injury in obese Dahl salt-sensitive rats during the prepubescent stage. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F87-F98. [PMID: 37167270 PMCID: PMC10292980 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00209.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have reported that the early progression of proteinuria in the obese Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) leptin receptor mutant (SSLepRmutant) strain was associated with increased renal macrophage infiltration before puberty. Macrophages can be divided into two distinct phenotypes: M1 (proinflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory). Moreover, previous studies have demonstrated that interleukin (IL)-25 converts resting macrophages and M1 into M2. Therefore, the present study examined whether treatment with IL-25 would reduce the early progression of renal injury in SSLepRmutant rats by increasing renal M2. We also investigated the impact of IL-25 on M2 subtypes: M2a (wound healing/anti-inflammatory), M2b (immune mediated/proinflammatory), M2c (regulatory/anti-inflammatory), and M2d (tumor associated/proangiogenic). Four-wk-old SS and SSLepRmutant rats were treated with either control (IgG) or IL-25 (1 µg/day ip every other day) for 4 wk. The kidneys from SSLepRmutant rats displayed progressive proteinuria and renal histopathology versus SS rats. IL-25 treatment had no effect on these parameters in SS rats. However, in the SSLepRmutant strain, proteinuria was markedly reduced after IL-25 treatment. Chronic treatment with IL-25 significantly decreased glomerular and tubular injury and renal fibrosis in the SSLepRmutant strain. Although the administration of IL-25 did not change total renal macrophage infiltration in both SS and SSLepRmutant rats, IL-25 increased M2a by >50% and reduced M1 by 60% in the kidneys of SSLepRmutant rats. Overall, these data indicate that IL-25 reduces the early progression of renal injury in SSLepRmutant rats by inducing M2a and suppressing M1 and suggest that IL-25 may be a therapeutic target for renal disease associated with obesity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY For the past few decades, immune cells and inflammatory cytokines have been demonstrated to play an important role in the development of renal disease. The present study provides strong evidence that interleukin-25 slows the early progression of renal injury in obese Dahl salt-sensitive rats before puberty by increasing systemic anti-inflammatory cytokines and renal M2a macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibek Poudel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Ubong S Ekperikpe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Sautan Mandal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Gregory E Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Corbin A Shields
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Denise C Cornelius
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Jan M Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
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Spires DR, Schibalski RS, Domondon M, Clarke C, Perez S, Anwar F, Burns E, Saeed MI, Walton SD, Zamaro AS, Amoah T, Arkhipov SN, Christopher CJ, Campagna SR, Mattson DL, Pavlov TS, Ilatovskaya DV. Renal histaminergic system and acute effects of histamine receptor 2 blockade on renal damage in the Dahl salt-sensitive rat. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F105-F120. [PMID: 37227223 PMCID: PMC10511172 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00269.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Histamine is involved in the regulation of immune response, vasodilation, neurotransmission, and gastric acid secretion. Although elevated histamine levels and increased expression of histamine metabolizing enzymes have been reported in renal disease, there is a gap in knowledge regarding the mechanisms of histamine-related pathways in the kidney. We report here that all four histamine receptors as well as enzymes responsible for the metabolism of histamine are expressed in human and rat kidney tissues. In this study, we hypothesized that the histaminergic system plays a role in salt-induced kidney damage in the Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rat, a model characterized with inflammation-driven renal lesions. To induce renal damage related to salt sensitivity, DSS rats were challenged with 21 days of a high-salt diet (4% NaCl); normal-salt diet (0.4% NaCl)-fed rats were used as a control. We observed lower histamine decarboxylase and higher histamine N-methyltransferase levels in high-salt diet-fed rats, indicative of a shift in histaminergic tone; metabolomics showed higher histamine and histidine levels in the kidneys of high-salt diet-fed rats, whereas plasma levels for both compounds were lower. Acute systemic inhibition of histamine receptor 2 in the DSS rat revealed that it lowered vasopressin receptor 2 in the kidney. In summary, we established here the existence of the local histaminergic system, revealed a shift in the renal histamine balance during salt-induced kidney damage, and provided evidence that blockage of histamine receptor 2 in the DSS rat affects water balance and urine concentrating mechanisms.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Histamine is a nitrogenous compound crucial for the inflammatory response. The knowledge regarding the renal effects of histamine is very limited. We showed that renal epithelia exhibit expression of the components of the histaminergic system. Furthermore, we revealed that there was a shift in the histaminergic tone in salt-sensitive rats when they were challenged with a high-salt diet. These data support the notion that histamine plays a role in renal epithelial physiological and pathophysiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisha R Spires
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Ryan S Schibalski
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Mark Domondon
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Callie Clarke
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Samantha Perez
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Fabiha Anwar
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Emily Burns
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | | | - Samuel D Walton
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Aleksandra S Zamaro
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Thelma Amoah
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Sergey N Arkhipov
- Hypertension and Vascular Research, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | | | - Shawn R Campagna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
- Biological and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - David L Mattson
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Tengis S Pavlov
- Hypertension and Vascular Research, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Daria V Ilatovskaya
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
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XU LUSI, HU GAIZUN, QIU JIAHE, MIURA TAKAHIRO, YAMAKOSHI SEIKO, NAMAI-TAKAHASHI ASAKO, KOHZUKI MASAHIRO, ITO OSAMU. Exercise Training Prevents High Fructose-Induced Hypertension and Renal Damages in Male Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:803-812. [PMID: 36729699 PMCID: PMC10090347 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-fructose diet (HFr) causes metabolic syndrome, and HFr-induced hypertension and renal damage are exaggerated in Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats. Exercise training (Ex) has antihypertensive and renal protective effects in rats fed HFr; however, there has been little discussion about the DS rats, which exhibit metabolic disturbances. This study thus examined the effects of Ex on DS rats fed HFr. METHODS Male DS rats were divided into three groups. The control group was fed a control diet, and both the HFr group and the HFr-Ex group were fed an HFr (60% fructose). The HFr-Ex group also underwent treadmill running (20 m·min -1 , 60 min·d -1 , 5 d·wk -1 ). After 12 wk, renal function, histology, and renin-angiotensin system were examined. RESULTS HFr increased blood pressure, urinary albumin, and creatinine clearance, and Ex inhibited these increases. HFr induced glomerular sclerosis, podocyte injury, afferent arteriole thickening, and renal interstitial fibrosis, and Ex ameliorated them. HFr reduced plasma renin activity, and Ex further reduced the activity. HFr also increased the expression of angiotensinogen, renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and angiotensin II type 1 receptor, and Ex restored the ACE expression to the control levels. HFr decreased the expression of ACE2, angiotensin II type 2 receptor, and Mas receptor, and Ex restored the ACE2 and Mas receptor expressions to the control levels and further decreased the angiotensin II type 2 receptor expression. HFr increased the ACE activity and decreased the ACE2 activity, and Ex restored these activities to the control levels. CONCLUSIONS Ex prevents HFr-induced hypertension and renal damages in DS rats. The changes in renal renin-angiotensin system may be involved in the mechanism of the antihypertensive and renal protective effects of Ex.
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Affiliation(s)
- LUSI XU
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, JAPAN
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, JAPAN
| | - GAIZUN HU
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - JIAHE QIU
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, JAPAN
| | - TAKAHIRO MIURA
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, JAPAN
| | - SEIKO YAMAKOSHI
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, JAPAN
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Sendai, JAPAN
| | - ASAKO NAMAI-TAKAHASHI
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, JAPAN
| | - MASAHIRO KOHZUKI
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, JAPAN
| | - OSAMU ITO
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, JAPAN
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Andruska N, Schlaak RA, Frei A, Schottstaedt AM, Lin CY, Fish BL, Gasperetti T, Mpoy C, Pipke JL, Pedersen LN, Flister MJ, Javaheri A, Bergom C. Differences in radiation-induced heart dysfunction in male versus female rats. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1096-1108. [PMID: 36971580 PMCID: PMC10431914 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2194404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation therapy remains part of the standard of care for breast, lung, and esophageal cancers. While radiotherapy improves local control and survival, radiation-induced heart dysfunction is a common side effect of thoracic radiotherapy. Cardiovascular dysfunction can also result from non-therapeutic total body radiation exposures. Numerous studies have evaluated the relationship between radiation dose to the heart and cardiotoxicity, but relatively little is known about whether there are differences based on biological sex in radiation-induced heart dysfunction (RIHD). MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated whether male and female inbred Dahl SS rats display differences in RIHD following delivery of 24 Gy in a single fraction to the whole heart using a 1.5 cm beam size (collimater). We also compared the 2.0 cm vs. 1.5 cm collimator in males. Pleural and pericardial effusions and normalized heart weights were measured, and echocardiograms were performed. RESULTS Female SS rats displayed more severe RIHD relative to age-matched SS male rats. Normalized heart weight was significantly increased in females, but not in males. A total of 94% (15/16) of males and 55% (6/11) of females survived 5 months after completion of radiotherapy (p < .01). Among surviving rats, 100% of females and 14% of males developed moderate-to-severe pericardial effusions at 5 months. Females demonstrated increased pleural effusions, with the mean normalized pleural fluid volume for females and males being 56.6 mL/kg ± 12.1 and 10.96 mL/kg ± 6.4 in males (p = .001), respectively. Echocardiogram findings showed evidence of heart failure, which was more pronounced in females. Because age-matched female rats have smaller lungs, a higher percentage of the total lung was treated with radiation in females than males using the same beam size. After using a larger 2 cm beam in males which results in higher lung exposure, there was not a significant difference between males and females in terms of the development of moderate-to-severe pericardial effusions or pleural effusions. Treatment of males with a 2 cm beam resulted in comparable increases in LV mass and reductions in stroke volume to female rats treated with a 1.5 cm beam. CONCLUSION Together, these results illustrate that there are differences in radiation-induced cardiotoxicity between male and female SS rats and add to the data that lung radiation doses, in addition to other factors, may play an important role in cardiac dysfunction following heart radiation exposure. These factors may be important to factor into future mitigation studies of radiation-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal Andruska
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Rachel A. Schlaak
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Anne Frei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Chieh-Yu Lin
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Brian L. Fish
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Tracy Gasperetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Cedric Mpoy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Jamie L. Pipke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Lauren N. Pedersen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael J. Flister
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ali Javaheri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Carmen Bergom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
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Wang Z, Zhai J, Zhang T, He L, Ma S, Zuo Q, Zhang G, Wang Y, Guo Y. Canagliflozin ameliorates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in high-salt diet-induced hypertensive renal injury through restoration of sirtuin 3 expression and the reduction of oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 653:53-61. [PMID: 36857900 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Hypertensive nephropathy is characterized by long-term damage to renal tissues by chronic uncontrolled hypertension, and ultimately leads to the development of renal fibrosis. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) potentially contributes to the promotion of renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we investigated the potential roles of canagliflozin (Cana) on renal EMT and oxidative stress through its effects on sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) expression. High-salt diet (HSD)-induced Dahl salt-sensitive rats hypertensive renal injury led to decreased SIRT3 expression and an increase in EMT and oxidative stress. In contrast, Cana administration rescued SIRT3 expression, decreased both EMT and levels of oxidative stress, and ameliorated renal injury. Furthermore, we compared the antihypertensive and renoprotective properties of Cana when combined with irbesartan (Irb), a renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blocker. We concluded that administration of Cana in combination with Irb had a significantly greater effect in lowering systolic blood pressure when compared to Cana monotherapy. However, no statistical differences were observed between combined therapy and monotherapy groups with regards to the lowering of diastolic blood pressure and renoprotection. Utilizing the human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2), Angiotensin II (AngⅡ) induced HK-2 negatively regulated the expression of SIRT3, FOXO3a, catalase, and promoted EMT, all of which were reversed by Cana. Furthermore, SIRT3 silencing abolished Cana-mediated rescue of forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) and catalase expression and Cana-mediated suppression of EMT in AngⅡ induced HK-2. Taken together, Cana acts as a renoprotective agent by suppressing EMT in the pathology of renal fibrosis via interaction with the SIRT3-FOXO3a pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongli Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Department of Physical Examination Center, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jianlong Zhai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Department of Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lili He
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Sai Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qingjuan Zuo
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Guorui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang City Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yifang Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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Stocker SD. Altered Neuronal Discharge in the Organum Vasculosum of the Lamina Terminalis Contributes to Dahl Salt-Sensitive Hypertension. Hypertension 2023; 80:872-881. [PMID: 36752103 PMCID: PMC10023399 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.20798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salt-sensitive hypertension in humans and experimental models is associated with higher plasma and cerebrospinal fluid sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations. Changes in extracellular NaCl concentrations are sensed by specialized neurons in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT). Stimulation of OVLT neurons increases sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and arterial blood pressure (ABP), whereas chronic activation produces hypertension. Therefore, the present study tested whether OVLT neuronal activity was elevated and contributed to SNA and ABP in salt-sensitive hypertension. METHODS Male Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl S) and Dahl salt-resistant (Dahl R) rats were fed 0.1% or 4.0% NaCl diets for 3 to 4 weeks and used for single-unit recordings of OVLT neurons or simultaneous recording of multiple sympathetic nerves during pharmacological inhibition of the OVLT. RESULTS Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid Na+ and Cl- concentrations were higher in Dahl S rats fed 4% versus 0.1% or Dahl R rats fed either diet. In vivo single-unit recordings revealed a significantly higher discharge of NaCl-responsive OVLT neurons in Dahl S rats fed 4% versus 0.1% or Dahl R rats. Interestingly, intracarotid infusion of hypertonic NaCl evoked greater increases in OVLT neuronal discharge of Dahl S versus Dahl R rats regardless of NaCl diet. The activity of non-NaCl-responsive OVLT neurons was not different across strain or diets. Finally, inhibition of OVLT neurons by local injection of the gamma-aminobutyric acid agonist muscimol produced a greater decrease in renal SNA, splanchnic SNA, and ABP of Dahl S rats fed 4% versus 0.1% or Dahl R rats. CONCLUSIONS A high salt diet activates NaCl-responsive OVLT neurons to increase SNA and ABP in salt-sensitive hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D Stocker
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA
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38
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Zicha J, Řezáčová L, Vaněčková I. Nitric oxide and salt resistance in Dahl rats: no role of inducible NO synthase. Physiol Res 2023; 72:123-127. [PMID: 36545880 PMCID: PMC10069813 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inducible NO synthase (NOS II) was proposed to play an important role in salt resistance of Dahl salt-resistant (SR/Jr) rats. Its chronic inhibition by specific inhibitors was accompanied by blood pressure (BP) elevation in animals subjected to high salt intake. The aim of our study was to evaluate 1) whether such inhibitors affect BP and/or its particular components (sympathetic tone and NO-dependent vasodilation) only under the conditions of high salt intake, and 2) whether similar BP effects are elicited after systemic or intracerebroventricular (icv) application of these inhibitors. Wistar rats fed Altromin diet (0.45 % NaCl) and SR/Jr rats fed either a low-salt (LS, 0.3 % NaCl) or a high-salt (HS, 4 % NaCl) diet were studied. Aminoguanidine (AMG) and 2-amino-5,6-dihydro-6-methyl-4H-1,3-thiazine (AMT) were used as NOS II inhibitors. BP and its responses to acute blockade of renin-angiotensin system (captopril), sympathetic nervous system (pentolinium) and NO synthase (L-NAME) were measured in conscious cannulated rats. There were no significant changes of BP or its components in either Wistar rats or SR/Jr rats subjected to chronic inhibition of NOS II by peroral aminoguanidine administration (50 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks). This was true for SR/Jr rats fed either LS or HS diets. Furthermore, we have studied BP effects of chronic icv administration of both NOS II inhibitors in SR/Jr rats fed HS diet, but we failed to find any BP changes elicited by such treatment. In conclusion, inducible NO synthase does not participate in the resistance of SR/Jr rats to hypertensive effects of excess salt intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zicha
- Laboratory of Experimental Hypertension, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Ekperikpe US, Poudel B, Shields CA, Mandal S, Cornelius DC, Williams JM. Neutralizing MIP3 α Reduces Renal Immune Cell Infiltration and Progressive Renal Injury in Young Obese Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 384:445-454. [PMID: 36507846 PMCID: PMC9976792 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported that the early progression of renal injury in obese Dahl salt-sensitive leptin receptor mutant (SSLepRmutant) rats was associated with increased macrophage inflammatory protein 3-α (MIP3α) expression prior to puberty. Therefore, this study tested the hypothesis that MIP3α plays a role in recruiting immune cells, thereby triggering renal inflammation and early progressive renal injury in SSLepRmutant rats prior to puberty. Four-week-old Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) and SSLepRmutant rats either served as control (IgG; intraperitoneal, every other day) or received MIP3α-neutralizing antibody (MNA; 100 µg/kg) for 4 weeks. MNA reduced circulating and renal MIP3α levels and proinflammatory immune cells by 50%. Although MNA treatment did not affect blood glucose and plasma cholesterol levels, MNA markedly decreased insulin resistance and triglyceride levels in SSLepRmutant rats. We observed no differences in mean arterial pressure (MAP) between SS and SSLepRmutant rats, and MNA had no effect on MAP in either strain. Proteinuria was significantly increased in SSLepRmutant rats versus SS rats over the course of the study. Treatment with MNA markedly decreased proteinuria in SSLepRmutant rats while not affecting SS rats. Also, MNA decreased glomerular and tubular injury and renal fibrosis in SSLepRmutant rats while not affecting SS rats. Overall, these data indicate that MIP3α plays an important role in renal inflammation during the early progression of renal injury in obese SSLepRmutant rats prior to puberty. These data also suggest that MIP3α may be a novel therapeutic target to inhibit insulin resistance and prevent progressive proteinuria in obese children. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Childhood obesity is increasing at an alarming rate and is now being associated with renal disease. Although most studies have focused on the mechanisms of renal injury associated with adult obesity, few studies have examined the mechanisms of renal injury involved during childhood obesity. In the current study, we observed that the progression of renal injury in obese Dahl salt-sensitive leptin receptor mutant rats was associated with an increase in MIP3α, a chemokine, before puberty, and inhibition of MIP3α markedly reduced renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubong S Ekperikpe
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Bibek Poudel
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Corbin A Shields
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Sautan Mandal
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Denise C Cornelius
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jan M Williams
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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40
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Costello HM, Juffre A, Cheng KY, Bratanatawira P, Crislip GR, Zietara A, Spires DR, Staruschenko A, Douma LG, Gumz ML. The circadian clock protein PER1 is important in maintaining endothelin axis regulation in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 101:136-146. [PMID: 36450128 PMCID: PMC9992312 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2022-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a peptide hormone that acts on its receptors to regulate sodium handling in the kidney's collecting duct. Dysregulation of the endothelin axis is associated with various diseases, including salt-sensitive hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Previously, our lab has shown that the circadian clock gene PER1 regulates ET-1 levels in mice. However, the regulation of ET-1 by PER1 has never been investigated in rats. Therefore, we used a novel model where knockout of Per1 was performed in Dahl salt-sensitive rat background (SS Per1 -/-) to test a hypothesis that PER1 regulates the ET-1 axis in this model. Here, we show increased renal ET-1 peptide levels and altered endothelin axis gene expression in several tissues, including the kidney, adrenal glands, and liver in SS Per1 -/- compared with control SS rats. Edn1 antisense lncRNA Edn1-AS, which has previously been suggested to be regulated by PER1, was also altered in SS Per1 -/- rats compared with control SS rats. These data further support the hypothesis that PER1 is a negative regulator of Edn1 and is important in the regulation of the endothelin axis in a tissue-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. Costello
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Alexandria Juffre
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Kit-Yan Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Phillip Bratanatawira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - G. Ryan Crislip
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Adrian Zietara
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602
| | - Denisha R. Spires
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602
- James A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Lauren G. Douma
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Michelle L. Gumz
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
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Chivers JM, Whiles SA, Miles CB, Biederman BE, Ellison MF, Lovingood CW, Wright MH, Hoover DB, Raafey MA, Youngberg GA, Venkatachalam MA, Zheleznova NN, Yang C, Liu P, Kriegel AJ, Cowley AW, O'Connor PM, Picken MM, Polichnowski AJ. Brown-Norway chromosome 1 mitigates the upregulation of proinflammatory pathways in mTAL cells and subsequent age-related CKD in Dahl SS/JrHsdMcwi rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 324:F193-F210. [PMID: 36475869 PMCID: PMC9886360 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00145.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a strong genetic component; however, the underlying pathways are not well understood. Dahl salt-sensitive (SS)/Jr rats spontaneously develop CKD with age and are used to investigate the genetic determinants of CKD. However, there are currently several genetically diverse Dahl SS rats maintained at various institutions and the extent to which some exhibit age-related CKD is unclear. We assessed glomerulosclerosis (GS) and tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) in 3- and 6-mo-old male and female SS/JrHsdMcwi, BN/NHsd/Mcwi [Brown-Norway (BN)], and consomic SS-Chr 1BN/Mcwi (SS.BN1) rats, in which chromosome 1 from the BN rat was introgressed into the genome of the SS/JrHsdMcwi rat. Rats were fed a 0.4% NaCl diet. GS (31 ± 3% vs. 7 ± 1%) and TIF (2.3 ± 0.2 vs. 0.5 ± 0.1) were significantly greater in 6-mo-old compared with 3-mo-old SS/JrHsdMcwi rats, and CKD was exacerbated in males. GS was minimal in 6- and 3-mo-old BN (3.9 ± 0.6% vs. 1.2 ± 0.4%) and SS.BN1 (2.4 ± 0.5% vs. 1.0 ± 0.3%) rats, and neither exhibited TIF. In SS/JrHsdMcwi and SS.BN1 rats, mean arterial blood pressure was significantly greater in 6-mo-old compared with 3-mo-old SS/JrHsdMcwi (162 ± 4 vs. 131 ± 2 mmHg) but not SS.BN1 (115 ± 2 vs. 116 ± 1 mmHg) rats. In 6-mo-old SS/JrHsdMcwi rats, blood pressure was significantly greater in females. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that inflammatory pathways were upregulated in isolated medullary thick ascending tubules in 7-wk-old SS/JrHsdMcwi rats, before the development of tubule pathology, compared with SS.BN1 rats. In summary, SS/JrHsdMcwi rats exhibit robust age-related progression of medullary thick ascending limb abnormalities, CKD, and hypertension, and gene(s) on chromosome 1 have a major pathogenic role in such changes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study shows that the robust age-related progression of kidney disease in Dahl SS/JrHsdMcw rats maintained on a normal-salt diet is abolished in consomic SS.BN1 rats. Evidence that medullary thick ascending limb segments of SS/JrHsdMcw rats are structurally abnormal and enriched in proinflammatory pathways before the development of protein casts provides new insights into the pathogenesis of kidney disease in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Chivers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Shannon A Whiles
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Conor B Miles
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Brianna E Biederman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Megan F Ellison
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Connor W Lovingood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Marie H Wright
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Donald B Hoover
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Muhammad A Raafey
- Department of Pathology, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - George A Youngberg
- Department of Pathology, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | | | | | - Chun Yang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Pengyuan Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Alison J Kriegel
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Allen W Cowley
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Paul M O'Connor
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Maria M Picken
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Aaron J Polichnowski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
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Zhang R, Mesquita T, Cho JH, Li C, Sanchez L, Holm K, Akhmerov A, Liu W, Li Y, Ibrahim AG, Cingolani E. Systemic Delivery of Extracellular Vesicles Attenuates Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2023; 9:147-158. [PMID: 36858679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common comorbidity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients. To date, treatments for HFpEF-related AF have been limited to anti-arrhythmic drugs and ablation. Here we examined the effects of immortalized cardiosphere-derived extracellular vesicles (imCDCevs) in rats with HFpEF. OBJECTIVES This study sought to investigate the mechanisms of AF in HFpEF and probe the potential therapeutic efficacy of imCDCevs in HFpEF-related AF. METHODS Dahl salt-sensitive rats were fed a high-salt diet for 7 weeks to induce HFpEF and randomized to receive imCDCevs (n = 18) or vehicle intravenously (n = 14). Rats fed a normal-salt diet were used as control animals (n = 26). A comprehensive characterization of atrial remodeling was conducted using functional and molecular techniques. RESULTS HFpEF-verified animals showed significantly higher AF inducibility (84%) compared with control animals (15%). These changes were associated with prolonged action potential duration, slowed conduction velocity (connexin 43 lateralization), and fibrotic remodeling in the left atrium of HFpEF compared with control animals. ImCDCevs reversed adverse electrical remodeling (restoration of action potential duration to control levels and reorganization of connexin 43) and reduced AF inducibility (33%). In addition, fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, which are major pathological AF drivers, were markedly attenuated in imCDCevs-treated animals. Importantly, these effects occurred without changes in blood pressure and diastolic function. CONCLUSIONS Thus, imCDCevs attenuated adverse remodeling, and prevented AF in a rat model of HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Thassio Mesquita
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jae Hyung Cho
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chang Li
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lizbeth Sanchez
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kevin Holm
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Akbarshakh Akhmerov
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Weixin Liu
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yigang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ahmed G Ibrahim
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eugenio Cingolani
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Bełtowski J, Kowalczyk-Bołtuć J. Hydrogen sulfide in the experimental models of arterial hypertension. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115381. [PMID: 36528069 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is the third member of gasotransmitter family together with nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. H2S is involved in the regulation of blood pressure by controlling vascular tone, sympathetic nervous system activity and renal sodium excretion. Moderate age-dependent hypertension and endothelial dysfunction develop in mice with knockout of cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), the enzyme involved in H2S production in the cardiovascular system. Decreased H2S concentration as well as the expression and activities of H2S-producing enzymes have been observed in most commonly used animal models of hypertension such as spontaneously hypertensive rats, Dahl salt-sensitive rats, chronic administration of NO synthase inhibitors, angiotensin II infusion and two-kidney-one-clip hypertension, the model of renovascular hypertension. Administration of H2S donors decreases blood pressure in these models but has no major effects on blood pressure in normotensive animals. H2S donors not only reduce blood pressure but also end-organ injury such as vascular and myocardial hypertrophy and remodeling, hypertension-associated kidney injury or erectile dysfunction. H2S level and signaling are modulated by some antihypertensive medications as well as natural products with antihypertensive activity such as garlic polysulfides or plant-derived isothiocyanates as well as non-pharmacological interventions. Modifying H2S signaling is the potential novel therapeutic approach for the management of hypertension, however, more experimental clinical studies about the role of H2S in hypertension are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Bełtowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Kowalczyk-Bołtuć
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinic, Internal Medicine Clinic with Hypertension Department, Medical Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland.
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Urbanek K, Cappetta D, Bellocchio G, Coppola MA, Imbrici P, Telesca M, Donniacuo M, Riemma MA, Mele E, Cianflone E, Naviglio S, Conte E, Camerino GM, Mele M, Bucci M, Castaldo G, De Luca A, Rossi F, Berrino L, Liantonio A, De Angelis A. Dapagliflozin protects the kidney in a non-diabetic model of cardiorenal syndrome. Pharmacol Res 2023; 188:106659. [PMID: 36646190 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome encompasses a spectrum of disorders involving heart and kidney dysfunction, and sharing common risk factors, such as hypertension and diabetes. Clinical studies have shown that patients with and without diabetes may benefit from using sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors to reduce the risk of heart failure and ameliorate renal endpoints. Because the underlying mechanisms remain elusive, we investigated the effects of dapagliflozin on the progression of renal damage, using a model of non-diabetic cardiorenal disease. Dahl salt-sensitive rats were fed a high-salt diet for five weeks and then randomized to dapagliflozin or vehicle for the following six weeks. After treatment with dapagliflozin, renal function resulted ameliorated as shown by decrease of albuminuria and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Functional benefit was accompanied by a decreased accumulation of extracellular matrix and a reduced number of sclerotic glomeruli. Dapagliflozin significantly reduced expression of inflammatory and endothelial activation markers such as NF-κB and e-selectin. Upregulation of pro-oxidant-releasing NADPH oxidases 2 and 4 as well as downregulation of antioxidant enzymes were also counteracted by drug treatment. Our findings also evidenced the modulation of both classic and non-classic renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), and effects of dapagliflozin on gene expression of ion channels/transporters involved in renal homeostasis. Thus, in a non-diabetic model of cardiorenal syndrome, dapagliflozin provides renal protection by modulating inflammatory response, endothelial activation, fibrosis, oxidative stress, local RAAS and ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Urbanek
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Via A. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Donato Cappetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Lecce-Monteroni, Monteroni di Lecce, 73047 Lecce, Italy
| | - Gabriella Bellocchio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Coppola
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Imbrici
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Marialucia Telesca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Donniacuo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Riemma
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Mele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cianflone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Silvio Naviglio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Conte
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Giulia Maria Camerino
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Mele
- University Hospital Policlinico Riuniti, Viale Pinto 1, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Bucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via A. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Via A. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Rossi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Liberato Berrino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Liantonio
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella De Angelis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy.
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Deng AY, Menard A, Deng DW. Shifting Paradigm from Gene Expressions to Pathways Reveals Physiological Mechanisms in Blood Pressure Control in Causation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021262. [PMID: 36674778 PMCID: PMC9863686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetics for blood pressure (BP) in human and animals has been partitioned into two separate specialties. However, this divide is mechanistically-misleading. BP physiology is mechanistically participated by products of quantitative trait loci (QTLs). The key to unlocking its mechanistic mystery lies in the past with mammalian ancestors before humans existed. By pivoting from effects to causes, physiological mechanisms determining BP by six QTLs have been implicated. Our work relies on congenic knock-in genetics in vivo using rat models, and has reproduced the physiological outcome based on a QTL being molecularly equal to one gene. A gene dose for a QTL is irrelevant to physiological BP controls in causation. Together, QTLs join one another as a group in modularized Mendelian fashion to achieve polygenicity. Mechanistically, QTLs in the same module appear to function in a common pathway. Each is involved in a different step in the pathway toward polygenic hypertension. This work has implicated previously-concealed components of these pathways. This emerging concept is a departure from the human-centric precept that the level of QTL expressions, not physiology, would ultimately determine BP. The modularity/pathway paradigm breaks a unique conceptual ground for unravelling the physiological mechanisms of polygenic and quantitative traits like BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Y. Deng
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-890-8000 (ext. 23614); Fax: +1-514-412-7655
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Williams JM, Murphy SR, Wu W, Border JJ, Fan F, Roman RJ. Renoprotective effects of empagliflozin in type 1 and type 2 models of diabetic nephropathy superimposed with hypertension. GeroScience 2022; 44:2845-2861. [PMID: 35767209 PMCID: PMC9768063 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00610-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, hypertension, and aging are major contributors to cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have become a preferred treatment for type II diabetic patients since they have cardiorenal protective effects. However, most elderly diabetic patients also have hypertension, and the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors have not been studied in hypertensive diabetic patients or animal models. The present study examined if controlling hyperglycemia with empagliflozin, or given in combination with lisinopril, slows the progression of renal injury in hypertensive diabetic rats. Studies were performed using hypertensive streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic Dahl salt-sensitive (STZ-SS) rats and in deoxycorticosterone-salt hypertensive type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) rats. Administration of empagliflozin alone or in combination with lisinopril reduced blood glucose, proteinuria, glomerular injury, and renal fibrosis in STZ-SS rats without altering renal blood flow (RBF) or glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Blood pressure and renal hypertrophy were also reduced in rats treated with empagliflozin and lisinopril. Administration of empagliflozin alone or in combination with lisinopril lowered blood glucose, glomerulosclerosis, and renal fibrosis but had no effect on blood pressure, kidney weight, or proteinuria in hypertensive T2DN rats. RBF was not altered in any of the treatment groups, and GFR was elevated in empagliflozin-treated hypertensive T2DN rats. These results indicate that empagliflozin is highly effective in controlling blood glucose levels and slows the progression of renal injury in both hypertensive type 1 and type 2 diabetic rats, especially when given in combination with lisinopril to lower blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Sydney R Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Wenjie Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Jane J Border
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Richard J Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
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47
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Dasinger JH, Walton SD, Burns EC, Cherian-Shaw M, Abais-Battad JM, Mattson DL. Impact of bedding on Dahl salt-sensitive hypertension and renal damage. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 323:F666-F672. [PMID: 36108053 PMCID: PMC9705021 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00201.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt-sensitive hypertension, increases in blood pressure in response to increased salt intake, is associated with an increased risk of morbidity, mortality, and end-organ damage compared with salt-resistant hypertension. The Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rat mimics the phenotypic characteristics observed in human hypertension when rats are challenged with a high-salt diet. Our previous work demonstrated that environmental factors, such as dietary protein, alter the severity of salt sensitivity in Dahl SS rats and should be an important consideration in experimental design. The present study investigated how the bedding on which animals were maintained (wood vs. corncob) could impact the SS phenotype in the Dahl SS rat. Animals that were maintained on corncob bedding exhibited a significant attenuation in blood pressure and renal end-organ damage in response to a high-salt diet compared with animals maintained on wood bedding. This attenuation was associated with an improvement in renal function and reduction in immune cell infiltration into the kidneys of Dahl SS rats maintained on corncob bedding. These results indicate that the type of bedding impacts the SS phenotype in the Dahl SS rat and that the bedding used in experiments can be a confounding factor to consider during data interpretation and experimental design.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Results from our present study demonstrate the profound effect of animal bedding on the severity of salt-sensitive hypertension, renal damage, and inflammation in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. This study highlights the important consideration that should be given to environmental factors, namely, the type of bedding in animal facilities, in experimental design and data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Henry Dasinger
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, grid.410427.4Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Samuel D Walton
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, grid.410427.4Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Emily C Burns
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, grid.410427.4Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Mary Cherian-Shaw
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, grid.410427.4Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Justine M Abais-Battad
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, grid.410427.4Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - David L Mattson
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, grid.410427.4Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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48
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Lamichhane S, Mohammed CJ, Haller ST, Kennedy DJ, Isailovic D. Quantification of Cardiotonic Steroids Potentially Regulated by Paraoxonase 3 in a Rat Model of Chronic Kidney Disease Using UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113565. [PMID: 36362352 PMCID: PMC9654389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous cardiotonic steroids (CTSs), such as telocinobufagin (TCB) and marinobufagin (MBG) contain a lactone moiety critical to their binding and signaling through the Na+/K+-ATPase. Their concentrations elevate in response to sodium intake and under volume-expanded conditions. Paraoxonase 3 (PON3) is an enzyme that can hydrolyze lactone substrates. Here, we examine the role of PON3 in regulating CTS levels in a rat model of chronic kidney diseases (CKD). TCB and MBG were extracted from rat urine samples, and the analyses were carried out using ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography−Orbitrap-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS). Ten-week-old Dahl salt-sensitive wild type (SS-WT) and Dahl salt-sensitive PON3 knockout (SS-PON3 KO) rats were maintained on a high-salt diet (8% NaCl) for 8 weeks to initiate salt-sensitive hypertensive renal disease characteristic of this model. CTS extraction recovery from urine >80% was achieved. For animals maintained on a normal chow diet, the baseline amount of TCB excreted in 24 h urine of SS-PON3 KO rats (6.08 ± 1.47 ng/24 h; or 15.09 ± 3.25 pmol) was significantly higher than for SS-WT rats (1.48 ± 0.69 ng/24 h; or 3.67 ± 1.54 pmol, p < 0.05). Similarly, for the same animals, the amount of excreted MBG was higher in the urine of SS-PON3 KO rats (4.74 ± 1.30 ng/24 h versus 1.03 ± 0.25 ng/24 h in SS-WT; or 11.83 ± 2.91 pmol versus 2.57 ± 0.56 pmol in SS-WT, p < 0.05). For animals on a high-salt diet, the SS-PON3 KO rats had significantly increased levels of TCB (714.52 ± 79.46 ng/24 h; or 1774.85 ± 175.55 pmol) compared to SS-WT control (343.84 ± 157.54 ng/24 h; or 854.09 ± 350.02 pmol, p < 0.05), and comparatively higher levels of MBG were measured for SS-PON3 KO (225.55 ± 82.61 ng/24 h; or 563.19 ± 184.5 pmol) versus SS-WT (157.56 ± 85.53 ng/24 h; or 393.43 ± 191.01 pmol, p > 0.05) rats. These findings suggest that the presence and absence of PON3 dramatically affect the level of endogenous CTSs, indicating its potential role in CTS regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabitri Lamichhane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Chrysan J. Mohammed
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Steven T. Haller
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - David J. Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Correspondence: (D.J.K.); (D.I.); Tel.: +1+419-383-6822 (D.J.K.); +1+419-530-5523 (D.I.)
| | - Dragan Isailovic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
- Correspondence: (D.J.K.); (D.I.); Tel.: +1+419-383-6822 (D.J.K.); +1+419-530-5523 (D.I.)
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de Couto G, Mesquita T, Wu X, Rajewski A, Huang F, Akhmerov A, Na N, Wu D, Wang Y, Li L, Tran M, Kilfoil P, Cingolani E, Marbán E. Cell therapy attenuates endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive rats with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H892-H903. [PMID: 36083797 PMCID: PMC9602891 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00287.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is defined by increased left ventricular (LV) stiffness, impaired vascular compliance, and fibrosis. Although systemic inflammation, driven by comorbidities, has been proposed to play a key role, the precise pathogenesis remains elusive. To test the hypothesis that inflammation drives endothelial dysfunction in HFpEF, we used cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs), which reduce inflammation and fibrosis, improving function, structure, and survival in HFpEF rats. Dahl salt-sensitive rats fed a high-salt diet developed HFpEF, as manifested by diastolic dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and accelerated mortality. Rats were randomly allocated to receive intracoronary infusion of CDCs or vehicle. Two weeks later, inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial function were analyzed. Single-cell RNA sequencing of heart tissue was used to assay transcriptomic changes. CDCs improved endothelial-dependent vasodilation while reducing oxidative stress and restoring endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression. RNA sequencing revealed CDC-induced attenuation of pathways underlying endothelial cell leukocyte binding and innate immunity. Exposure of endothelial cells to CDC-secreted extracellular vesicles in vitro reduced VCAM-1 protein expression and attenuated monocyte adhesion and transmigration. Cell therapy with CDCs corrects diastolic dysfunction, reduces oxidative stress, and restores vascular reactivity. These findings lend credence to the hypothesis that inflammatory changes of the vascular endothelium are important, if not central, to HFpEF pathogenesis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We tested the concept that inflammation of endothelial cells is a major pathogenic factor in HFpEF. CDCs are heart-derived cell products with verified anti-inflammatory therapeutic properties. Infusion of CDCs reduced oxidative stress, restored eNOS abundance, lowered monocyte levels, and rescued the expression of multiple disease-associated genes, thereby restoring vascular reactivity. The salutary effects of CDCs support the hypothesis that inflammation of endothelial cells is a proximate driver of HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey de Couto
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Thassio Mesquita
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xiaokang Wu
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alex Rajewski
- Applied Genomics, Computation and Translational Core, Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Feng Huang
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Na Na
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Di Wu
- Applied Genomics, Computation and Translational Core, Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Applied Genomics, Computation and Translational Core, Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Liang Li
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - My Tran
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Peter Kilfoil
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eugenio Cingolani
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eduardo Marbán
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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50
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Abstract
Humans with salt-sensitive hypertension demonstrate increased morbidity, increased mortality, and renal end-organ damage when compared with normotensive subjects or those with salt-resistant hypertension. Substantial evidence from humans and animals has also demonstrated the role of dietary components other than salt to modulate hypertension. Evidence presented in this review provides support for the view that immunity and inflammation serve to amplify the development of salt-sensitive hypertension and leads to malignant disease accompanied by end-organ damage. Interestingly, salt-sensitive disease is modulated by changes in dietary protein intake, which also influences immune mechanisms. Together, the evidence presented in this review from animal and human studies indicates that changes in dietary protein source have profound effects on the gut microbiota, microbiota-derived metabolites, DNA methylation, gene expression, immune cell activation, the production of cytokines and other factors, and the development of salt-sensitive hypertension and related disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Mattson
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - John Henry Dasinger
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
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