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van der Velden AIM, Koudijs A, Kooijman S, Rietjens RGJ, Sol WMPJ, Avramut MC, Wang G, Rensen PCN, Rabelink TJ, van der Vlag J, van den Berg BM. Fasting mimicking diet in diabetic mice partially preserves glomerular endothelial glycocalyx coverage, without changing the diabetic metabolic environment. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F681-F693. [PMID: 38205540 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00333.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting has become of interest for its possible metabolic benefits and reduction of inflammation and oxidative damage, all of which play a role in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy. We tested in a streptozotocin (60 mg/kg)-induced diabetic apolipoprotein E knockout mouse model whether repeated fasting mimicking diet (FMD) prevents glomerular damage. Diabetic mice received 5 FMD cycles in 10 wk, and during cycles 1 and 5 caloric measurements were performed. After 10 wk, glomerular endothelial morphology was determined together with albuminuria, urinary heparanase-1 activity, and spatial mass spectrometry imaging to identify specific glomerular metabolic dysregulation. During FMD cycles, blood glucose levels dropped while a temporal metabolic switch was observed to increase fatty acid oxidation. Overall body weight at the end of the study was reduced together with albuminuria, although urine production was dramatically increased without affecting urinary heparanase-1 activity. Weight loss was found to be due to lean mass and water, not fat mass. Although capillary loop morphology and endothelial glycocalyx heparan sulfate contents were preserved, hyaluronan surface expression was reduced together with the presence of UDP-glucuronic acid. Mass spectrometry imaging further revealed reduced protein catabolic breakdown products and increased oxidative stress, not different from diabetic mice. In conclusion, although FMD preserves partially glomerular endothelial glycocalyx, loss of lean mass and increased glomerular oxidative stress argue whether such diet regimes are safe in patients with diabetes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Repeated fasting mimicking diet (FMD) partially prevents glomerular damage in a diabetic mouse model; however, although endothelial glycocalyx heparan sulfate contents were preserved, hyaluronan surface expression was reduced in the presence of UDP-glucuronic acid. The weight loss observed was of lean mass, not fat mass, and increased glomerular oxidative stress argue whether such a diet is safe in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk I M van der Velden
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Koudijs
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalie G J Rietjens
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy M P J Sol
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Cristina Avramut
- Section of Electron Microscopy, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gangqi Wang
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard M van den Berg
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Reily C, Moldoveanu Z, Pramparo T, Hall S, Huang ZQ, Rice T, Novak L, Komers R, Jenkinson CP, Novak J. Sparsentan ameliorates glomerular hypercellularity and inflammatory-gene networks induced by IgA1-IgG immune complexes in a mouse model of IgA nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F862-F875. [PMID: 38511222 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00253.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is characterized by glomerular deposition of immune complexes (ICs) consisting of IgA1 with O-glycans deficient in galactose (Gd-IgA1) and Gd-IgA1-specific IgG autoantibodies. These ICs induce kidney injury, and in the absence of disease-specific therapy, up to 40% of patients with IgAN progress to kidney failure. IgA1 with its clustered O-glycans is unique to humans, which hampered development of small-animal models of IgAN. Here, we used a model wherein engineered ICs (EICs) formed from human Gd-IgA1 and recombinant human IgG autoantibody are injected into nude mice to induce glomerular injury mimicking human IgAN. In this model, we assessed the protective effects of sparsentan, a single-molecule dual endothelin angiotensin receptor antagonist (DEARA) versus vehicle on EIC-induced glomerular proliferation and dysregulation of gene expression in the kidney. Oral administration of sparsentan (60 or 120 mg/kg daily) to mice intravenously injected with EIC attenuated the EIC-induced glomerular hypercellularity. Furthermore, analysis of changes in the whole kidney transcriptome revealed that key inflammatory and proliferative biological genes and pathways that are upregulated in this EIC model of IgAN were markedly reduced by sparsentan, including complement genes, integrin components, members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family, and Fc receptor elements. Partial overlap between mouse and human differentially expressed genes in IgAN further supported the translational aspect of the immune and inflammatory components from our transcriptional findings. In conclusion, our data indicate that in the mouse model of IgAN, sparsentan targets immune and inflammatory processes leading to protection from mesangial hypercellularity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The mechanisms by which deposited IgA1 immune complexes cause kidney injury during early phases of IgA nephropathy are poorly understood. We used an animal model we recently developed that involves IgA1-IgG immune complex injections and determined pathways related to the induced mesangioproliferative changes. Treatment with sparsentan, a dual inhibitor of endothelin type A and angiotensin II type 1 receptors, ameliorated the induced mesangioproliferative changes and the associated alterations in the expression of inflammatory genes and networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Reily
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Zina Moldoveanu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Tiziano Pramparo
- Travere Therapeutics Incorporated, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Stacy Hall
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Zhi-Qiang Huang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Terri Rice
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Lea Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Radko Komers
- Travere Therapeutics Incorporated, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Celia P Jenkinson
- Travere Therapeutics Incorporated, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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Samadder A, Bhattacharjee B, Dey S, Chakrovorty A, Dey R, Sow P, Tarafdar D, Biswas M, Nandi S. Enhanced Drug Carriage Efficiency of Curcumin-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles in Combating Diabetic Nephropathy via Mitigation of Renal Apoptosis. J Pharmacopuncture 2024; 27:1-13. [PMID: 38560336 PMCID: PMC10978441 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2024.27.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The Curcuma-derived diferuloylmethane compound CUR, loaded on Poly (lactide-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles was utilized to combat DN-induced renal apoptosis by selectively targeting and modulating Bcl2. Methods Upon in silico molecular docking and screening study CUR was selected as the core phytocompound for nanoparticle formulation. PLGA-nano-encapsulated-curcumin (NCUR) were synthesized following standard solvent displacement method. The NCUR were characterized for shape, size and other physico-chemical properties by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy studies. For in vivo validation of nephro-protective effects, Mus musculus were pre-treated with CUR at a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. and NCUR at a dose of 25 mg/kg b.w. (dose 1), 12.5 mg/kg b.w (dose 2) followed by alloxan administration (100 mg/kg b.w) and serum glucose levels, histopathology and immunofluorescence study were conducted. Results The in silico study revealed a strong affinity of CUR towards Bcl2 (dock score -10.94 Kcal/mol). The synthesized NCUR were of even shape, devoid of cracks and holes with mean size of ~80 nm having -7.53 mV zeta potential. Dose 1 efficiently improved serum glucose levels, tissue-specific expression of Bcl2 and reduced glomerular space and glomerular sclerosis in comparison to hyperglycaemic group. Conclusion This study essentially validates the potential of NCUR to inhibit DN by reducing blood glucose level and mitigating glomerular apoptosis by selectively promoting Bcl2 protein expression in kidney tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Samadder
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
| | - Banani Bhattacharjee
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
| | - Sudatta Dey
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
| | - Arnob Chakrovorty
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
| | - Rishita Dey
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Veer Madho Singh Bhandari Uttarakhand Technical University, Kashipur, India
| | - Priyanka Sow
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
| | - Debojyoti Tarafdar
- Department of Chemistry, Chanchal College, Affiliated to The University of Gour Banga, West Bengal, India
| | - Maharaj Biswas
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
| | - Sisir Nandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Veer Madho Singh Bhandari Uttarakhand Technical University, Kashipur, India
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Kistler AD, Salant DJ. Complement activation and effector pathways in membranous nephropathy. Kidney Int 2024; 105:473-483. [PMID: 38142037 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Complement activation has long been recognized as a central feature of membranous nephropathy (MN). Evidence for its role has been derived from the detection of complement products in biopsy tissue and urine from patients with MN and from mechanistic studies primarily based on the passive Heymann nephritis model. Only recently, more detailed insights into the exact mechanisms of complement activation and effector pathways have been gained from patient data, animal models, and in vitro models based on specific target antigens relevant to the human disease. These data are of clinical relevance, as they parallel the recent development of numerous specific complement therapeutics for clinical use. Despite efficient B-cell depletion, many patients with MN achieve only partial remission of proteinuria, which may be explained by the persistence of subepithelial immune complexes and ongoing complement-mediated podocyte injury. Targeting complement, therefore, represents an attractive adjunct treatment for MN, but it will need to be tailored to the specific complement pathways relevant to MN. This review summarizes the different lines of evidence for a central role of complement in MN and for the relevance of distinct complement activation and effector pathways, with a focus on recent developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas D Kistler
- Department of Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Frauenfeld, Spital Thurgau AG, Frauenfeld, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - David J Salant
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Wimbury D, Muto M, Bhachu JS, Scionti K, Brown J, Molyneux K, Seikrit C, Maixnerová D, Pérez-Alós L, Garred P, Floege J, Tesař V, Fellstrom B, Coppo R, Barratt J. Targeted-release budesonide modifies key pathogenic biomarkers in immunoglobulin A nephropathy: insights from the NEFIGAN trial. Kidney Int 2024; 105:381-388. [PMID: 38008160 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Wimbury
- Mayer IgA Nephropathy Laboratories, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Masahiro Muto
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jasraj S Bhachu
- Mayer IgA Nephropathy Laboratories, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Katrin Scionti
- Mayer IgA Nephropathy Laboratories, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jeremy Brown
- Mayer IgA Nephropathy Laboratories, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Karen Molyneux
- Mayer IgA Nephropathy Laboratories, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Claudia Seikrit
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dita Maixnerová
- Department of Nephrology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Laura Pérez-Alós
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vladimír Tesař
- Department of Nephrology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bengt Fellstrom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rosanna Coppo
- Fondazione Ricerca Molinette, Regina Margherita Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Jonathan Barratt
- Mayer IgA Nephropathy Laboratories, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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Tang C, Yang C, Wang P, Li L, Lin Y, Yi Q, Tang F, Liu L, Zhou W, Liu D, Zhang L, Yuan X. Identification and Validation of Glomeruli Cellular Senescence-Related Genes in Diabetic Nephropathy by Multiomics. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300453. [PMID: 37957539 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that cellular premature senescence of the glomerulus, including endothelial cells, mesangial cells, and podocytes leads to diabetic nephropathy (DN), and DN is regarded as a clinical model of premature senescence. However, the role of cellular senescence-associated genes in the glomerulus in DN progression remains unclear. Therefore, this work aims to identify and validate potential cellular aging-related genes in the glomerulus in DN to provide novel clues for DN treatment based on anti-aging. The microarray GSE96804 dataset, including 41 diabetic glomeruli and 20 control glomeruli, is retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and cellular senescence-related genes (CSRGs) are obtained from the GeneCards database and literature reports. Subsequently, PPI, GO, and KEGG enrichment are analyzed by screening the intersection between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and CSRGs. scRNA-seq dataset GSE127235 is used to verify core genes expression in glomerulocytes of mice. Finally, db/db mice are utilized to validate the hub gene expression in the glomeruli, and high glucose-induced mesangial cells are used to confirm key gene expression. This study reveals that FOS and ZFP36 may play an anti-aging role in DN to ameliorate cell intracellular premature aging in mesangial cells of glomeruli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyin Tang
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Chunsong Yang
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Peiwen Wang
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Luxin Li
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Yunzhu Lin
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Qiusha Yi
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Fengru Tang
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Lantao Liu
- Postgraduate Department, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Dongwen Liu
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Xiaohuan Yuan
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
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Farhat I, Maréchal E, Calmo D, Ansart M, Paindavoine M, Bard P, Tarris G, Ducloux D, Felix SA, Martin L, Tinel C, Gibier JB, Funes de la Vega M, Rebibou JM, Bamoulid J, Legendre M. Recognition of intraglomerular histological features with deep learning in protocol transplant biopsies and their association with kidney function and prognosis. Clin Kidney J 2024; 17:sfae019. [PMID: 38370429 PMCID: PMC10873504 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The Banff Classification may not adequately address protocol transplant biopsies categorized as normal in patients experiencing unexplained graft function deterioration. This study seeks to employ convolutional neural networks to automate the segmentation of glomerular cells and capillaries and assess their correlation with transplant function. Methods A total of 215 patients were categorized into three groups. In the Training cohort, glomerular cells and capillaries from 37 patients were manually annotated to train the networks. The Test cohort (24 patients) compared manual annotations vs automated predictions, while the Application cohort (154 protocol transplant biopsies) examined predicted factors in relation to kidney function and prognosis. Results In the Test cohort, the networks recognized histological structures with Precision, Recall, F-score and Intersection Over Union exceeding 0.92, 0.85, 0.89 and 0.74, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed associations between the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at biopsy and relative endothelial area (r = 0.19, P = .027), endothelial cell density (r = 0.20, P = .017), mean parietal epithelial cell area (r = -0.38, P < .001), parietal epithelial cell density (r = 0.29, P < .001) and mesangial cell density (r = 0.22, P = .010). Multivariate analysis retained only endothelial cell density as associated with eGFR (Beta = 0.13, P = .040). Endothelial cell density (r = -0.22, P = .010) and mean podocyte area (r = 0.21, P = .016) were linked to proteinuria at biopsy. Over 44 ± 29 months, 25 patients (16%) reached the primary composite endpoint (dialysis initiation, or 30% eGFR sustained decline), with relative endothelial area, mean endothelial cell area and parietal epithelial cell density below medians linked to this endpoint [hazard ratios, respectively, of 2.63 (P = .048), 2.60 (P = .039) and 3.23 (P = .019)]. Conclusion This study automated the measurement of intraglomerular cells and capillaries. Our results suggest that the precise segmentation of endothelial and epithelial cells may serve as a potential future marker for the risk of graft loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Farhat
- Department of Nephrology, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | | | - Doris Calmo
- Department of Nephrology, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Manon Ansart
- LEAD-CNRS, UMR 5022, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | | | - Patrick Bard
- LEAD-CNRS, UMR 5022, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | | | - Didier Ducloux
- Department of Nephrology, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
- Etablissement Français du sang, Besançon, France
| | | | | | - Claire Tinel
- Department of Nephrology, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
- Etablissement Français du sang, Besançon, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Michel Rebibou
- Department of Nephrology, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
- Etablissement Français du sang, Besançon, France
| | - Jamal Bamoulid
- Department of Nephrology, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
- Etablissement Français du sang, Besançon, France
| | - Mathieu Legendre
- Department of Nephrology, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
- LEAD-CNRS, UMR 5022, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Etablissement Français du sang, Besançon, France
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8
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Semenikhina M, Lysikova DV, Spires DR, Domondon M, Stadler K, Palygin O, Ilatovskaya DV. Transcriptomic changes in glomeruli in response to a high salt challenge in the Dahl SS rat. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:98-111. [PMID: 37955135 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00075.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt sensitivity impacts a significant portion of the population and is an important contributor to the development of chronic kidney disease. One of the significant early predictors of salt-induced damage is albuminuria, which reflects the deterioration of the renal filtration barrier: the glomerulus. Despite significant research efforts, there is still a gap in knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms and signaling networks contributing to instigating and/or perpetuating salt-induced glomerular injury. To address this gap, we used 8-wk-old male Dahl salt-sensitive rats fed a normal-salt diet (0.4% NaCl) or challenged with a high-salt diet (4% NaCl) for 3 wk. At the end of the protocol, a pure fraction of renal glomeruli obtained by differential sieving was used for next-generation RNA sequencing and comprehensive semi-automatic transcriptomic data analyses, which revealed 149 differentially expressed genes (107 and 42 genes were downregulated and upregulated, respectively). Furthermore, a combination of predictive gene correlation networks and computational bioinformatic analyses revealed pathways impacted by a high salt dietary challenge, including renal metabolism, mitochondrial function, apoptotic signaling and fibrosis, cell cycle, inflammatory and immune responses, circadian clock, cytoskeletal organization, G protein-coupled receptor signaling, and calcium transport. In conclusion, we report here novel transcriptomic interactions and corresponding predicted pathways affecting glomeruli under salt-induced stress.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study demonstrated novel pathways affecting glomeruli under stress induced by dietary salt. Predictive gene correlation networks and bioinformatic semi-automatic analysis revealed changes in the pathways relevant to mitochondrial function, inflammatory, apoptotic/fibrotic processes, and cell calcium transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marharyta Semenikhina
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Daria V Lysikova
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Denisha R Spires
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Mark Domondon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Krisztian Stadler
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Daria V Ilatovskaya
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
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9
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Levassort H, Essig M. [The kidney, its anatomy and main functions]. Soins Gerontol 2024; 29:10-20. [PMID: 38331520 DOI: 10.1016/j.sger.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The kidney performs several major functions: it eliminates toxins produced by cellular or xenobiotic metabolism, regulates the homeostasis of the internal environment and plays a hormonal role, producing erythropoietin, calcitriol and renin. Maintaining the body's homeostasis (hydric, ionic [sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, etc.] or acid-base balance) requires the successive action of plasma filtration, followed by reabsorption/secretion mechanisms, which take place in the various portions of the kidney's functional unit known as the nephron. The initial part of the nephron, the glomerulus, is the site of filtration, while the tubule, which collects the glomerular filtrate, is the site of reabsorption/secretion, leading to the composition of the final urine. It's important to understand how these different structures work, before tackling the various disorders that can affect the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Levassort
- Service de néphrologie, Université Paris-Saclay, Site Ambroise-Paré, AP-HP, 9 avenue Charles-de-Gaulle, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Service de gériatrie, Université Paris-Saclay, Site Ambroise-Paré, AP-HP, 9 avenue Charles-de-Gaulle, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Inserm UMRS 1018, Équipe épidémiologie clinique, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CESP, Villejuif, France.
| | - Marie Essig
- Service de néphrologie, Université Paris-Saclay, Site Ambroise-Paré, AP-HP, 9 avenue Charles-de-Gaulle, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Inserm UMRS 1018, Équipe épidémiologie clinique, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CESP, Villejuif, France
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10
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Lopes-Gonçalves G, Costa-Pessoa JM, Pimenta R, Tostes AF, da Silva EM, Ledesma FL, Malheiros DMAC, Zatz R, Thieme K, Câmara NOS, Oliveira-Souza M. Evaluation of glomerular sirtuin-1 and claudin-1 in the pathophysiology of nondiabetic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22685. [PMID: 38114708 PMCID: PMC10730508 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49861-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the leading cause of nephrotic syndrome, which is characterized by podocyte injury. Given that the pathophysiology of nondiabetic glomerulosclerosis is poorly understood and targeted therapies to prevent glomerular disease are lacking, we decided to investigate the tight junction protein claudin-1 and the histone deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), which are known to be involved in podocyte injury. For this purpose, we first examined SIRT1, claudin-1 and podocin expression in kidney biopsies from patients diagnosed with nondiabetic FSGS and found that upregulation of glomerular claudin-1 accompanies a significant reduction in glomerular SIRT1 and podocin levels. From this, we investigated whether a small molecule activator of SIRT1, SRT1720, could delay the onset of FSGS in an animal model of adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy; 14 days of treatment with SRT1720 attenuated glomerulosclerosis progression and albuminuria, prevented transcription factor Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) downregulation and increased glomerular claudin-1 in the ADR + SRT1720 group. Thus, we evaluated the effect of ADR and/or SRT1720 in cultured mouse podocytes. The results showed that ADR [1 µM] triggered an increase in claudin-1 expression after 30 min, and this effect was attenuated by pretreatment of podocytes with SRT1720 [5 µM]. ADR [1 µM] also led to changes in the localization of SIRT1 and claudin-1 in these cells, which could be associated with podocyte injury. Although the use of specific agonists such as SRT1720 presents some benefits in glomerular function, their underlying mechanisms still need to be further explored for therapeutic use. Taken together, our data indicate that SIRT1 and claudin-1 are relevant for the pathophysiology of nondiabetic FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Lopes-Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, 1524 Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Martins Costa-Pessoa
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, 1524 Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ruan Pimenta
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM 55), Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Flavia Tostes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Martins da Silva
- Department of Nephrology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roberto Zatz
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Thieme
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Bases of Renal Physiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Department of Nephrology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Oliveira-Souza
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, 1524 Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
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11
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Denic A, Fnu A, Mahesh K, Rule AD. Authors' Reply: Morphometric Approach to Different Nephron Segments. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:2054-2056. [PMID: 38039092 PMCID: PMC10881185 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Denic
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Aperna Fnu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kumar Mahesh
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Andrew D. Rule
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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12
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Khalil R, Bonnemaijer JDD, Kreutz R, Spaink HP, Hogendoorn PCW, Baelde HJ. Transmembrane protein 14A protects glomerular filtration barrier integrity. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15847. [PMID: 38054547 PMCID: PMC10698812 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane protein 14A (TMEM14A) is a relatively unknown protein that is now identified to be required for maintaining the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier. It is an integral transmembrane protein of 99 amino acids with three transmembrane domains. TMEM14A has been implied to suppress Bax-mediated apoptosis in other studies. Other than that, little is currently known of its function. Here, we show that its expression is diminished before onset of proteinuria in a spontaneously proteinuric rat model. Knocking down tmem14a mRNA translation results in proteinuria in zebrafish embryos without affecting tubular reabsorption. Also, it is primarily expressed by podocytes. Lastly, an increase in glomerular TMEM14A expression is exhibited in various proteinuric renal diseases. Overall, these results suggest that TMEM14A is a novel factor in the protective mechanisms of the nephron to maintain glomerular filtration barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Khalil
- Department of PathologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Reinhold Kreutz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and ToxicologyCharité ‐ University MedicineBerlinGermany
| | - Herman P. Spaink
- Institute of Biology LeidenLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Hans J. Baelde
- Department of PathologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
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13
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Unnersjö-Jess D, Ramdedovic A, Butt L, Plagmann I, Höhne M, Hackl A, Brismar H, Blom H, Schermer B, Benzing T. Advanced optical imaging reveals preferred spatial orientation of podocyte processes along the axis of glomerular capillaries. Kidney Int 2023; 104:1164-1169. [PMID: 37774923 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian kidneys filter enormous volumes of water and small solutes, a filtration driven by the hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries, which is considerably higher than in most other tissues. Interdigitating cellular processes of podocytes form the slits for fluid filtration connected by the membrane-like slit diaphragm cell junction containing a mechanosensitive ion channel complex and allow filtration while counteracting hydrostatic pressure. Several previous publications speculated that podocyte processes may display a preferable orientation on glomerular capillaries instead of a random distribution. However, for decades, the controversy over spatially oriented filtration slits could not be resolved due to technical limitations of imaging technologies. Here, we used advanced high-resolution, three-dimensional microscopy with high data throughput to assess spatial orientation of podocyte processes and filtration slits quantitatively. Filtration-slit-generating secondary processes preferentially align along the capillaries' longitudinal axis while primary processes are preferably perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. This preferential orientation required maturation in development of the mice but was lost in mice with kidney disease due to treatment with nephrotoxic serum or with underlying heterologous mutations in the podocyte foot process protein podocin. Thus, the observation that podocytes maintain a preferred spatial orientation of their processes on glomerular capillaries goes well in line with the role of podocyte foot processes as mechanical buttresses to counteract mechanical forces resulting from pressurized capillaries. Future studies are needed to establish how podocytes establish and maintain their orientation and why orientation is lost under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Unnersjö-Jess
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; MedTechLabs, BioClinicum, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden; Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Amer Ramdedovic
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Linus Butt
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ingo Plagmann
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Höhne
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Agnes Hackl
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hjalmar Brismar
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Hans Blom
- MedTechLabs, BioClinicum, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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14
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Shankland SJ, Rule AD, Kutz JN, Pippin JW, Wessely O. Podocyte Senescence and Aging. Kidney360 2023; 4:1784-1793. [PMID: 37950369 PMCID: PMC10758523 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
As the population in many industrial countries is aging, the risk, incidence, and prevalence of CKD increases. In the kidney, advancing age results in a progressive decrease in nephron number and an increase in glomerulosclerosis. In this review, we focus on the effect of aging on glomerular podocytes, the post-mitotic epithelial cells critical for the normal integrity and function of the glomerular filtration barrier. The podocytes undergo senescence and transition to a senescence-associated secretory phenotype typified by the production and secretion of inflammatory cytokines that can influence neighboring glomerular cells by paracrine signaling. In addition to senescence, the aging podocyte phenotype is characterized by ultrastructural and functional changes; hypertrophy; cellular, oxidative, and endoplasmic reticulum stress; reduced autophagy; and increased expression of aging genes. This results in a reduced podocyte health span and a shortened life span. Importantly, these changes in the pathways/processes characteristic of healthy podocyte aging are also often similar to pathways in the disease-induced injured podocyte. Finally, the better understanding of podocyte aging and senescence opens therapeutic options to slow the rate of podocyte aging and promote kidney health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J. Shankland
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Andrew D. Rule
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - J. Nathan Kutz
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jeffrey W. Pippin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Oliver Wessely
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
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15
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Yasuda M, Kato T, Okano M, Yamashita H, Matsuoka Y, Shirouzu Y, Fujioka T, Hattori F, Tsuji S, Kaneko K, Hitomi H. Efficient protocol for the differentiation of kidney podocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells, involving the inhibition of mTOR. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20010. [PMID: 37973990 PMCID: PMC10654390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is involved in a wide range of cellular processes. However, the role of mTOR in podocytes remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to clarify the role of mTOR in podocyte differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and to establish an efficient differentiation protocol for human podocytes. We generated podocytes from hiPSCs by modifying protocol. The expression of the podocyte-specific slit membrane components nephrin and podocin was measured using PCR, western blotting, flow cytometry, and immunostaining; and the role of mTOR was evaluated using inhibitors of the mTOR pathway. Nephrin and podocin were found to be expressed in cells differentiated from hiPSCs, and their expression was increased by mTOR inhibitor treatment. S6, a downstream component of the mTOR pathway, was also found to be involved in podocyte differentiation. we evaluated its permeability to albumin, urea, and electrolytes. The induced podocytes were permeable to the small molecules, but only poorly permeable to albumin. We have shown that the mTOR pathway is involved in podocyte differentiation. Our monolayer podocyte differential protocol, using an mTOR inhibitor, provides a novel in vitro model for studies of kidney physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yasuda
- Department of iPS Stem Cell Regenerative Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-Machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kato
- Department of iPS Stem Cell Regenerative Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-Machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Okano
- Department of iPS Stem Cell Regenerative Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-Machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yamashita
- Department of iPS Stem Cell Regenerative Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-Machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Matsuoka
- Department of iPS Stem Cell Regenerative Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-Machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Shirouzu
- Department of iPS Stem Cell Regenerative Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-Machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fujioka
- Department of iPS Stem Cell Regenerative Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-Machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Hattori
- Department of iPS Stem Cell Regenerative Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-Machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunari Kaneko
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hitomi
- Department of iPS Stem Cell Regenerative Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-Machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan.
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16
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Nakata T, Tanigawa M, Fukuda A, Shibata H. Histological classification of Japanese IgA nephropathy with a small number of glomeruli using Bayes' theorem. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18663. [PMID: 37907505 PMCID: PMC10618293 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45734-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In Japan an original pathological classification of IgA nephropathy was used, while Oxford classification of IgA nephropathy was used globally. The Oxford classification requires ≥ 8 glomeruli while the Japanese classification requires ≥ 10. Ninety-nine patients diagnosed with IgA nephropathy were included. To determine the accuracy of histological staging, we calculated the posterior probability using Bayes' theorem and adopted three model of prior distribution. First, the actual staging distribution was reclassified using the beta distribution (reclassified distribution). Second a model with the same distribution (actual distribution) as the actual staging was used. Third, a model assuming that all cases are equally distributed (equal distribution) was used. The median number of collected glomeruli was 12 (8-19). There were 33 cases (33%) wherein the glomerular count was ≤ 9. When only cases with ≥ 10 glomeruli were included, the median posterior probability was 91% (74-99) (actual distribution, 90% [74-98]; equal distribution, 85% [73-96]). Even among the 33 cases with ≤ 9 glomeruli, there were approximately 7 cases in which the posterior probability was ≥ 90% for each model. Using Bayesian probabilistic analysis, it was possible to evaluate the histologic classification of IgA nephropathy, even when the number of obtained glomeruli was ≤ 9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nakata
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu city, Oita, 879-5593, Japan.
| | - Masato Tanigawa
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-City, Japan
| | - Akihiro Fukuda
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu city, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shibata
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu city, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
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17
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Lopez-Ruiz A, Chandrashekar K, Juncos LA. Nrf2 Activation in the Glomeruli and Podocytes: Deciphering the Renal Mechanisms of Nrf2. Kidney360 2023; 4:1350-1352. [PMID: 37884000 PMCID: PMC10617802 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaldo Lopez-Ruiz
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Advent Health Hospital, Orlando, Florida
| | - Kiran Chandrashekar
- Division of Nephrology, Central Arkansas Veterans Health Care System and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Luis A. Juncos
- Division of Nephrology, Central Arkansas Veterans Health Care System and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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18
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Tan Z, Hall P, Costin A, Crawford SA, Ramm G, Wong CHY, Kitching AR, Hickey MJ. Removal of the endothelial surface layer via hyaluronidase does not modulate monocyte and neutrophil interactions with the glomerular endothelium. Microcirculation 2023; 30:e12823. [PMID: 37494581 PMCID: PMC10909409 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The endothelial surface layer (ESL), a layer of macromolecules on the surface of endothelial cells, can both impede and facilitate leukocyte recruitment. However, its role in monocyte and neutrophil recruitment in glomerular capillaries is unknown. METHODS We used multiphoton intravital microscopy to examine monocyte and neutrophil behavior in the glomerulus following ESL disruption with hyaluronidase. RESULTS Constitutive retention and migration of monocytes and neutrophils within the glomerular microvasculature was unaltered by hyaluronidase. Consistent with this, inhibition of the hyaluronan-binding molecule CD44 also failed to modulate glomerular trafficking of these immune cells. To investigate the contribution of the ESL during acute inflammation, we induced glomerulonephritis via in situ immune complex deposition. This resulted in increases in glomerular retention of monocytes and neutrophils but did not induce marked reduction in the glomerular ESL. Furthermore, hyaluronidase treatment did not modify the prolonged retention of monocytes and neutrophils in the acutely inflamed glomerular microvasculature. CONCLUSIONS These observations indicate that, despite evidence that the ESL has the capacity to inhibit leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions while also containing adhesive ligands for immune cells, neither of these functions modulate trafficking of monocytes and neutrophils in steady-state or acutely-inflamed glomeruli.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZheHao Tan
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of MedicineMonash Medical CentreClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Pam Hall
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of MedicineMonash Medical CentreClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Adam Costin
- Monash Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo‐Electron MicroscopyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Simon A. Crawford
- Monash Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo‐Electron MicroscopyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Georg Ramm
- Monash Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo‐Electron MicroscopyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Connie H. Y. Wong
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of MedicineMonash Medical CentreClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - A. Richard Kitching
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of MedicineMonash Medical CentreClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Department of NephrologyMonash Medical CentreClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Pediatric NephrologyMonash Medical CentreClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Michael J. Hickey
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of MedicineMonash Medical CentreClaytonVictoriaAustralia
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19
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Boi R, Ebefors K, Nyström J. The role of the mesangium in glomerular function. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 239:e14045. [PMID: 37658606 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
When discussing glomerular function, one cell type is often left out, the mesangial cell (MC), probably since it is not a part of the filtration barrier per se. The MCs are instead found between the glomerular capillaries, embedded in their mesangial matrix. They are in direct contact with the endothelial cells and in close contact with the podocytes and together they form the glomerulus. The MCs can produce and react to a multitude of growth factors, cytokines, and other signaling molecules and are in the perfect position to be a central hub for crosstalk communication between the cells in the glomerulus. In certain glomerular diseases, for example, in diabetic kidney disease or IgA nephropathy, the MCs become activated resulting in mesangial expansion. The expansion is normally due to matrix expansion in combination with either proliferation or hypertrophy. With time, this expansion can lead to fibrosis and decreased glomerular function. In addition, signs of complement activation are often seen in biopsies from patients with glomerular disease affecting the mesangium. This review aims to give a better understanding of the MCs in health and disease and their role in glomerular crosstalk and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Boi
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Ebefors
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenny Nyström
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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20
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Shankland SJ, Jefferson JA, Wessely O. Repurposing drugs for diseases associated with podocyte dysfunction. Kidney Int 2023; 104:455-462. [PMID: 37290603 PMCID: PMC11088848 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The majority of podocyte disorders are progressive in nature leading to chronic kidney disease and often kidney failure. The scope of current therapies is typically nonspecific immunosuppressant medications, which are accompanied by unwanted and serious side effects. However, many exciting clinical trials are underway to reduce the burden of podocyte diseases in our patients. Major advances and discoveries have recently been made experimentally in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying podocyte injury in disease. This begs the question of how best to take advantage of these impressive strides. One approach to consider is the repurposing of therapeutics that have already been approved by the Food and Drug Administration, European Medicines Agency, and other regulatory agencies for indications beyond the kidney. The advantages of therapy repurposing include known safety profiles, drug development that has already been completed, and overall reduced costs for studying alternative indications for selected therapies. The purpose of this mini review is to examine the experimental literature of podocyte damage and determine if there are mechanistic targets in which prior approved therapies can be considered for repurposing to podocyte disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Shankland
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| | - J Ashley Jefferson
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Oliver Wessely
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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21
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Denic A, Gaddam M, Moustafa A, Mullan AF, Luehrs AC, Sharma V, Thompson RH, Smith ML, Alexander MP, Lerman LO, Barisoni L, Rule AD. Tubular and Glomerular Size by Cortex Depth as Predictor of Progressive CKD after Radical Nephrectomy for Tumor. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:1535-1545. [PMID: 37430426 PMCID: PMC10482069 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Glomerular size differs by cortex depth. Larger nephrons are prognostic of progressive kidney disease, but it is unknown whether this risk differs by cortex depth or by glomeruli versus proximal or distal tubule size. We studied the average minor axis diameter in oval proximal and distal tubules separately and by cortex depth in patients who had radical nephrectomy to remove a tumor from 2019 to 2020. In adjusted analyses, larger glomerular volume in the middle and deep cortex predicted progressive kidney disease. Wider proximal tubular diameter did not predict progressive kidney disease independent of glomerular volume. Wider distal tubular diameter showed a gradient of strength of prediction of progressive kidney disease in the more superficial cortex than in the deep cortex. BACKGROUND Larger nephrons are prognostic of progressive kidney disease, but whether this risk differs by nephron segments or by depth in the cortex is unclear. METHODS We studied patients who underwent radical nephrectomy for a tumor between 2000 and 2019. Large wedge kidney sections were scanned into digital images. We estimated the diameters of proximal and distal tubules by the minor axis of oval tubular profiles and estimated glomerular volume with the Weibel-Gomez stereological model. Analyses were performed separately in the superficial, middle, and deep cortex. Cox proportional hazard models assessed the risk of progressive CKD (dialysis, kidney transplantation, sustained eGFR <10 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 , or a sustained 40% decline from the postnephrectomy baseline eGFR) with glomerular volume or tubule diameters. At each cortical depth, models were unadjusted, adjusted for glomerular volume or tubular diameter, and further adjusted for clinical characteristics (age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, postnephrectomy baseline eGFR, and proteinuria). RESULTS Among 1367 patients were 62 progressive CKD events during a median follow-up of 4.5 years. Glomerular volume predicted CKD outcomes at all depths, but only in the middle and deep cortex after adjusted analyses. Proximal tubular diameter also predicted progressive CKD at any depth but not after adjusted analyses. Distal tubular diameter showed a gradient of more strongly predicting progressive CKD in the superficial than deep cortex, even in adjusted analysis. CONCLUSIONS Larger glomeruli are independent predictors of progressive CKD in the deeper cortex, whereas in the superficial cortex, wider distal tubular diameters are an independent predictor of progressive CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Denic
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mrunanjali Gaddam
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Amr Moustafa
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Aidan F. Mullan
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Anthony C. Luehrs
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Vidit Sharma
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Maxwell L. Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Mariam P. Alexander
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lilach O. Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Laura Barisoni
- Department of Pathology and Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Andrew D. Rule
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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22
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Lin Z, Li S, Xiao H, Xu Z, Li C, Zeng J, Wang S, Liu Z, Huang H. The degradation of TGR5 mediated by Smurf1 contributes to diabetic nephropathy. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112851. [PMID: 37481723 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The multiple roles of TGR5 in the regulation of glucose metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress have drawn attention as therapeutic candidates for diabetes-related kidney disease. However, diabetes induces downregulation of renal TGR5 protein expression, and the regulatory mechanisms have not been clarified. Here, we identify that Smurf1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is a critical interactor of TGR5 and mediates the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of TGR5 under high glucose stimulation in glomerular mesangial cells. Genetic deficiency of Smurf1 restores TGR5 protein expression and attenuates renal injuries in diabetic mice. Mechanistically, Smurf1 interacts with the TGR5 ICL2 region by its HECT domain and induces K11/K48-linked polyubiquitination of TGR5 at K306 residue. Moreover, restoration of TGR5 protects db/db mice from diabetic nephropathy. These observations elucidate the critical role of Smurf1 in regulating TGR5 stability, suggesting that pharmacological targeting of the interaction between Smurf1 and TGR5 could serve as a promising therapeutic strategy against diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Lin
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haiming Xiao
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhanchi Xu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuting Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingran Zeng
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shaogui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Heqing Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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23
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Hejazian SM, Rahbar Saadat Y, Hosseiniyan Khatibi SM, Farnood F, Farzamikia N, Hejazian SS, Batoumchi S, Shoja MM, Zununi Vahed S, Ardalan M. Circular RNAs as novel biomarkers in glomerular diseases. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37194131 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2023.2212328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate gene expression and biological procedures by controlling target genes or downstream pathways by sponging their related miRNA (s). Three types of circRNAs have been identified; exonic circRNAs (ecircRNAs), intronic RNAs (ciRNAs), and exon-intron circRNAs (ElciRNAs). It is clarified that altered levels of circRNAs have dynamic pathological and physiological functions in kidney diseases. Evidence suggests that circRNAs can be considered novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for renal diseases. Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a general term used to refer to a wide range of glomerular diseases. GN is an important cause of chronic kidney diseases. Here, we review the biogenesis of circRNAs, and their molecular and physiological functions in the kidney. Moreover, the dysregulated expression of circRNAs and their biological functions are discussed in primary and secondary glomerulonephritis. Moreover, diagnostic and therapeutic values of circRNAs in distinguishing or treating different types of GN are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Farahnoosh Farnood
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Negin Farzamikia
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Sina Hejazian
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Batoumchi
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadali M Shoja
- College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
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24
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Boeckhaus J, Mohr L, Dihazi H, Tönshoff B, Weber LT, Pape L, Latta K, Fehrenbach H, Lange-Sperandio B, Kettwig M, Staude H, König S, John-Kroegel U, Gellermann J, Hoppe B, Galiano M, Haffner D, Rhode H, Gross O. Ratio of Urinary Proteins to Albumin Excretion Shifts Substantially during Progression of the Podocytopathy Alport Syndrome, and Spot Urine Is a Reliable Method to Detect These Pathologic Changes. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091333. [PMID: 37174733 PMCID: PMC10177071 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The urinary albumin- and protein-to-creatinine ratios (UACR and UPCR, respectively) are key endpoints in most clinical trials assessing risk of progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). For the first time, the current study compares the UACR versus the UPCR head-to-head at early stages of CKD, taking use of the hereditary podocytopathy Alport syndrome (AS) as a model disease for any CKD. Urine samples originated from the prospective randomized, controlled EARLY PRO-TECT Alport trial (NCT01485978). Urine samples from 47 children with confirmed diagnoses of AS at very early stages of CKD were divided according to the current stage of AS: stage 0 (UACR < 30 mg/g), stage 1 (30-300 mg/g) or stage 2 (>300 mg/g). The range of estimated glomerular filtration rate was 75-187.6 mL/min. The mean age was 10.4 ± 4.5 years. In children at stage 0, proteinuria in spot urine, confirmed in 24 h urine, was almost ten times higher than albuminuria (106.4 ± 42.2 vs. 12.5 ± 9.7; p < 0.05); it was "only" about three times higher in stage 1 (328.5 ± 210.1 vs. 132.3 ± 80.5; p < 0.05) and almost equal in stage 2 (1481.9 ± 983.4 vs. 1109.7 ± 873.6; p = 0.36). In 17 children, UACRs and UPCRs were measured simultaneously in 24 h urine and spot urine in the same study visit. Interestingly, the UACR (and UPCR) in 24 h urine vs. in spot urine varied by less than 10% (266.8 ± 426.4 vs. 291.2 ± 530.2). In conclusion, our study provides the first evidence that in patients with normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and low amounts of albuminuria, especially in children with podocytopathies such as AS, measuring the UACR and UPCR in spot urine is a reliable and convenient alternative to 24 h urine collection. Our study advocates both the UACR and the UPCR as relevant diagnostic biomarkers in future clinical trials in children with glomerular diseases because the UPCR seems to be a very significant parameter at very early stages of podocytopathies. The German Federal Ministry of Education and Research funded this trial (01KG1104).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Boeckhaus
- Clinic for Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Lea Mohr
- Clinic for Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Hassan Dihazi
- Clinic for Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Burkhard Tönshoff
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz T Weber
- Pediatric Nephrology, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lars Pape
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics II, University Childrens' Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Kay Latta
- Clementine Kinderhospital Frankfurt, 60316 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Henry Fehrenbach
- Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital, 87700 Memmingen, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Kettwig
- Clinic of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hagen Staude
- Pediatric Nephrology, University Children's Hospital Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sabine König
- University Children's Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ulrike John-Kroegel
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University Children's Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jutta Gellermann
- Pediatric Nephrology, Charité Children's Hospital, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoppe
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Galiano
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dieter Haffner
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Heidrun Rhode
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Gross
- Clinic for Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
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25
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Bronstein R, Pace J, Gowthaman Y, Salant DJ, Mallipattu SK. Podocyte-Parietal Epithelial Cell Interdependence in Glomerular Development and Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:737-750. [PMID: 36800545 PMCID: PMC10125654 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocytes and parietal epithelial cells (PECs) are among the few principal cell types within the kidney glomerulus, the former serving as a crucial constituent of the kidney filtration barrier and the latter representing a supporting epithelial layer that adorns the inner wall of Bowman's capsule. Podocytes and PECs share a circumscript developmental lineage that only begins to diverge during the S-shaped body stage of nephron formation-occurring immediately before the emergence of the fully mature nephron. These two cell types, therefore, share a highly conserved gene expression program, evidenced by recently discovered intermediate cell types occupying a distinct spatiotemporal gene expression zone between podocytes and PECs. In addition to their homeostatic functions, podocytes and PECs also have roles in kidney pathogenesis. Rapid podocyte loss in diseases, such as rapidly progressive GN and collapsing and cellular subtypes of FSGS, is closely allied with PEC proliferation and migration toward the capillary tuft, resulting in the formation of crescents and pseudocrescents. PECs are thought to contribute to disease progression and severity, and the interdependence between these two cell types during development and in various manifestations of kidney pathology is the primary focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bronstein
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Jesse Pace
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Yogesh Gowthaman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - David J. Salant
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sandeep K. Mallipattu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
- Renal Section, Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, New York
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26
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Palleti SK, Larson H, Avula S, Picken MM, Wadhwa A. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Autoimmune Vasculitis: A Rare Presentation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibody-Associated Vasculitis Overlap Syndrome. Cureus 2023; 15:e38482. [PMID: 37273402 PMCID: PMC10238284 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), though they share similar clinical characteristics, are distinguishable based on specific characteristics. The concomitant presentation of SLE and AAV as overlap syndrome is rare and makes the diagnosis challenging. Here, we describe a rare case of SLE and AAV overlaps presenting with hemorrhagic stroke as initial presentation, which has been reported only once before. The presence of several positive autoantibodies made the diagnosis challenging, but a kidney biopsy provided the definitive diagnosis and aided in initiating immunosuppressive therapy. The patient did not respond to standard initial surgical measures to lower elevated intracranial pressure and showed significant improvement to immunosuppressive therapy proving the temporal relationship. The authors of this case study aim to highlight the importance of considering SLE-AAV overlap in patients presenting with features similar to those described in the case report and intervening early, as delays in diagnosis can be fatal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujith K Palleti
- Nephrology, Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, USA
- Nephrology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, USA
| | - Hanna Larson
- Nephrology, Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, USA
- Nephrology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, USA
| | - Sreekant Avula
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Maria M Picken
- Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, USA
| | - Anuradha Wadhwa
- Nephrology, Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, USA
- Nephrology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, USA
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27
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Mason WJ, Vasilopoulou E. The Pathophysiological Role of Thymosin β4 in the Kidney Glomerulus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097684. [PMID: 37175390 PMCID: PMC10177875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases affecting the glomerulus, the filtration unit of the kidney, are a major cause of chronic kidney disease. Glomerular disease is characterised by injury of glomerular cells and is often accompanied by an inflammatory response that drives disease progression. New strategies are needed to slow the progression to end-stage kidney disease, which requires dialysis or transplantation. Thymosin β4 (Tβ4), an endogenous peptide that sequesters G-actin, has shown potent anti-inflammatory function in experimental models of heart, kidney, liver, lung, and eye injury. In this review, we discuss the role of endogenous and exogenous Tβ4 in glomerular disease progression and the current understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Mason
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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28
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‘t Hart DC, Yildiz D, Palacio-Castañeda V, Li L, Gumuscu B, Brock R, Verdurmen WPR, van der Vlag J, Nijenhuis T. Co-Culture of Glomerular Endothelial Cells and Podocytes in a Custom-Designed Glomerulus-on-a-Chip Model Improves the Filtration Barrier Integrity and Affects the Glomerular Cell Phenotype. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:bios13030339. [PMID: 36979551 PMCID: PMC10046631 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Crosstalk between glomerular endothelial cells and glomerular epithelial cells (podocytes) is increasingly becoming apparent as a crucial mechanism to maintain the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier. However, in vitro studies directly investigating the effect of this crosstalk on the glomerular filtration barrier are scarce because of the lack of suitable experimental models. Therefore, we developed a custom-made glomerulus-on-a-chip model recapitulating the glomerular filtration barrier, in which we investigated the effects of co-culture of glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes on filtration barrier function and the phenotype of these respective cell types. The custom-made glomerulus-on-a-chip model was designed using soft lithography. The chip consisted of two parallel microfluidic channels separated by a semi-permeable polycarbonate membrane. The glycocalyx was visualized by wheat germ agglutinin staining and the barrier integrity of the glomerulus-on-a-chip model was determined by measuring the transport rate of fluorescently labelled dextran from the top to the bottom channel. The effect of crosstalk on the transcriptome of glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes was investigated via RNA-sequencing. Glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes were successfully cultured on opposite sides of the membrane in our glomerulus-on-a-chip model using a polydopamine and collagen A double coating. Barrier integrity of the chip model was significantly improved when glomerular endothelial cells were co-cultured with podocytes compared to monocultures of either glomerular endothelial cells or podocytes. Co-culture enlarged the surface area of podocyte foot processes and increased the thickness of the glycocalyx. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed the regulation of cellular pathways involved in cellular differentiation and cellular adhesion as a result of the interaction between glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes. We present a novel custom-made glomerulus-on-a-chip co-culture model and demonstrated for the first time using a glomerulus-on-a-chip model that co-culture affects the morphology and transcriptional phenotype of glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes. Moreover, we showed that co-culture improves barrier function as a relevant functional readout for clinical translation. This model can be used in future studies to investigate specific glomerular paracrine pathways and unravel the role of glomerular crosstalk in glomerular (patho) physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan C. ‘t Hart
- Department of Nephrology, Research Institute for Medical Innovations, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dilemin Yildiz
- Department of Nephrology, Research Institute for Medical Innovations, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Valentina Palacio-Castañeda
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Research Institute for Medical Innovations, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lanhui Li
- Biosensors and Devices Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Department, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Burcu Gumuscu
- Biosensors and Devices Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Department, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Brock
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Research Institute for Medical Innovations, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 329, Bahrain
| | - Wouter P. R. Verdurmen
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Research Institute for Medical Innovations, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Research Institute for Medical Innovations, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Nijenhuis
- Department of Nephrology, Research Institute for Medical Innovations, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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29
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Chen B, Guan X, Gunning WT, Ge Y, Gohara AF, Dworkin LD, Gong R. Negative Modulation of B Cell Activation by Melanocortin 1 Receptor Signaling Protects against Membranous Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:467-481. [PMID: 36446431 PMCID: PMC10103281 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2022050605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Emerging evidence suggests that melanocortin neuropeptides-specifically adrenocorticotropic hormone-offer a novel, steroidogenic-independent therapeutic modality for membranous nephropathy (MN). The molecular mechanism underlying this beneficial effect, however, remains largely elusive. To investigate whether melanocortins modulate humoral immunity, the authors induced passive Heymann nephritis, a model of human MN, in wild-type and melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) knockout rats and treated them with melanocortin agents. Additional rats received adoptive transfer of bone marrow-derived cells beforehand from wild-type or MC1R knockout rats. The findings indicate that MC1R signaling plays a key role in negative modulation of B-cell activation and thereby suppresses humoral immune responses in passive Heymann nephritis, and suggest that MC1R signaling might offer a novel B cell-targeted therapeutic strategy for MN. BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that the pituitary neuropeptide melanocortins-specifically, adrenocorticotropic hormone-offer a novel nonsteroidogenic therapeutic modality for membranous nephropathy (MN). However, the mechanism(s) of action remains elusive. METHODS To investigate whether melanocortins modulate humoral immunity, we induced passive Heymann nephritis (PHN), a model of MN, in wild-type (WT) and melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) knockout (KO) rats. We treated the animals with melanocortin agents-repository corticotropin injection, the nonsteroidogenic pan-melanocortin receptor agonist [Nle 4 , DPhe 7 ]-α-melanocyte stimulating hormone, the selective MC1R agonist MS05, vehicle gel, or phosphate-buffered saline-and evaluated kidney function, histology, and molecular changes. Additional rats received adoptive transfer of syngeneic bone marrow-derived cells beforehand from WT or MC1R KO rats. RESULTS KO of MC1R worsened PHN and this was associated with increased deposition of autologous immunoglobulin G (IgG) and complement C5b-9 in glomeruli and higher circulating levels of autologous IgG-evidence of a sensitized humoral immune response. Melanocortin therapy ameliorated PHN in WT rats, coinciding with reduced glomerular deposition of autologous IgG and C5b -9. The beneficial efficacy of melanocortins was blunted in KO rats but restored by adoptive transfer of syngeneic bone marrow-derived cells derived from WT rats. Mechanistically, MC1R was expressed in B lymphocytes and was negatively associated with B cell activation. MC1R agonism triggered the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor in activated B cells in a cAMP-dependent mode and also repressed the expression of interferon regulatory factor 4 (a lymphoid transcription factor essential for B-cell development and maturation), resulting in suppressed plasma cell differentiation and IgG production. CONCLUSIONS MC1R signaling negatively modulates B cell activation and suppresses humoral immune responses in PHN, suggesting that MC1R signaling might offer a novel therapeutic target for MN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Chen
- Division of Nephrology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio
- Current address: Blood Purification Center, Institute of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuejing Guan
- Division of Nephrology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio
| | - William T. Gunning
- Department of Pathology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Yan Ge
- Division of Nephrology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Amira F. Gohara
- Department of Pathology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Lance D. Dworkin
- Division of Nephrology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Rujun Gong
- Division of Nephrology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio
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Donnan MD, Deb DK, Onay T, Scott RP, Ni E, Zhou Y, Quaggin SE. Formation of the glomerular microvasculature is regulated by VEGFR-3. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 324:F91-F105. [PMID: 36395385 PMCID: PMC9836230 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00066.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular dysfunction is a key driver of kidney disease. Pathophysiological changes in the kidney vasculature are regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs), supporting them as potential therapeutic targets. The tyrosine kinase receptor VEGFR-3, encoded by FLT4 and activated by the ligands VEGF-C and VEGF-D, is best known for its role in lymphangiogenesis. Therapeutically targeting VEGFR-3 to modulate lymphangiogenesis has been proposed as a strategy to treat kidney disease. However, outside the lymphatics, VEGFR-3 is also expressed in blood vascular endothelial cells in several tissues including the kidney. Here, we show that Vegfr-3 is expressed in fenestrated microvascular beds within the developing and adult mouse kidney, which include the glomerular capillary loops. We found that expression levels of VEGFR-3 are dynamic during glomerular capillary loop development, with the highest expression observed during endothelial cell migration into the S-shaped glomerular body. We developed a conditional knockout mouse model for Vegfr-3 and found that loss of Vegfr-3 resulted in a striking glomerular phenotype characterized by aneurysmal dilation of capillary loops, absence of mesangial structure, abnormal interendothelial cell junctions, and poor attachment between glomerular endothelial cells and the basement membrane. In addition, we demonstrated that expression of the VEGFR-3 ligand VEGF-C by podocytes and mesangial cells is dispensable for glomerular development. Instead, VEGFR-3 in glomerular endothelial cells attenuates VEGFR-2 phosphorylation. Together, the results of our study support a VEGF-C-independent functional role for VEGFR-3 in the kidney microvasculature outside of lymphatic vessels, which has implications for clinical therapies that target this receptor.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Targeting VEGFR-3 in kidney lymphatics has been proposed as a method to treat kidney disease. However, expression of VEGFR-3 is not lymphatic-specific. We demonstrated developmental expression of VEGFR-3 in glomerular endothelial cells, with loss of Vegfr-3 leading to malformation of glomerular capillary loops. Furthermore, we showed that VEGFR-3 attenuates VEGFR-2 activity in glomerular endothelial cells independent of paracrine VEGF-C signaling. Together, these data provide valuable information for therapeutic development targeting these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Donnan
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dilip K Deb
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tuncer Onay
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rizaldy P Scott
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eric Ni
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Greensburg, Pennsylvania
| | - Yalu Zhou
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Susan E Quaggin
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
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Hong C, Eichinger F, Atta MG, Estrella MM, Fine DM, Ross MJ, Wyatt C, Hwang TH, Kretzler M, Sedor JR, O'Toole JF, Miller AW, Bruggeman LA. Viral associations with kidney disease diagnosis and altered kidney metatranscriptome by kidney function. Kidney Int 2023; 103:218-222. [PMID: 36356649 PMCID: PMC9822862 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changjin Hong
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Felix Eichinger
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mohamed G Atta
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michelle M Estrella
- Kidney Health Research Collaborative, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Division of Nephrology, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Derek M Fine
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael J Ross
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Christina Wyatt
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tae Hyun Hwang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - John R Sedor
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Kidney Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - John F O'Toole
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Kidney Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Aaron W Miller
- Department of Kidney Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
| | - Leslie A Bruggeman
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Kidney Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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Oszwald A, Mejía-Pedroza RA, Schachner H, Aigner C, Rees A, Kain R. Digital Spatial Profiling of Glomerular Gene Expression in Pauci-Immune Focal Necrotizing Glomerulonephritis. Kidney360 2023; 4:83-91. [PMID: 36700908 PMCID: PMC10101620 DOI: 10.34067/kid.000461202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Pauci-immune focal necrotizing glomerulonephritis (piFNGN) involves asynchronous onset and progression of injurious lesions in biopsies. Pathologists can describe this heterogeneity within a biopsy, but translating the information into prognostic or expression analyses is challenging. Understanding the underlying molecular processes could improve treatment; however, bulk or single-cell transcriptomic analyses of dissociated tissue disregard the heterogeneity of glomerular injury. We characterize protein and mRNA expression of individual glomeruli in 20 biopsies from 18 patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated piFNGN using the NanoString digital spatial profiling (DSP) platform. For this purpose, circular annotations of glomeruli were analyzed using protein, immuno-oncology RNA, and Cancer Transcriptome Atlas panels (n=120, 72, and 48 glomeruli, respectively). Histologic evaluation of glomerular patterns of injury was performed in adjacent serial sections. Expression data were processed by log2 transformation, quantile normalization, and batch adjustment. DSP revealed distinct but overlapping gene expression profiles relating to the morphological evolution of injurious lesions, including dynamic expression of various immune checkpoint regulators. Enrichment analysis indicated deregulated pathways that underline known and highlight novel potential mechanisms of disease. Moreover, by capturing individual glomeruli, DSP describes heterogeneity between and within biopsies. We demonstrate the benefit of spatial profiling for characterization of heterogeneous glomerular injury, indicating novel molecular correlates of glomerular injury in piFNGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Oszwald
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Helga Schachner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christof Aigner
- Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrew Rees
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Kain
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically during the past decades, which has been a major health problem. Since 1975, the number of people with obesity worldwide has nearly tripled. An increasing number of studies find obesity as a driver of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, and the mechanisms are complex and include hemodynamic changes, inflammation, oxidative stress, and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Obesity-related kidney disease is characterized by glomerulomegaly, which is often accompanied by localized and segmental glomerulosclerosis lesions. In these patients, the early symptoms are atypical, with microproteinuria being the main clinical manifestation and nephrotic syndrome being rare. Weight loss and RAAS blockers have a protective effect on obesity-related CKD, but even so, a significant proportion of patients eventually progress to end-stage renal disease despite treatment. Thus, it is critical to comprehend the mechanisms underlying obesity-related CKD to create new tactics for slowing or stopping disease progression. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the mechanisms of obesity-related kidney disease, its pathological changes, and future perspectives on its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongmiao Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haiying Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyue Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinhua Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaokun Gang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Thurman JM, Harrison RA. The susceptibility of the kidney to alternative pathway activation-A hypothesis. Immunol Rev 2023; 313:327-338. [PMID: 36369971 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The glomerulus is often the prime target of dysregulated alternative pathway (AP) activation. In particular, AP activation is the key driver of two severe kidney diseases: atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and C3 glomerulopathy. Both conditions are associated with a variety of predisposing molecular defects in AP regulation, such as genetic variants in complement regulators, autoantibodies targeting AP proteins, or autoantibodies that stabilize the AP convertases (C3- and C5-activating enzymes). It is noteworthy that these are systemic AP defects, yet in both diseases pathologic complement activation primarily affects the kidneys. In particular, AP activation is often limited to the glomerular capillaries. This tropism of AP-mediated inflammation for the glomerulus points to a unique interaction between AP proteins in plasma and this particular anatomic structure. In this review, we discuss the pre-clinical and clinical data linking the molecular causes of aberrant control of the AP with activation in the glomerulus, and the possible causes of this tropism. Based on these data, we propose a model for why the kidney is so uniquely and frequently targeted in patients with AP defects. Finally, we discuss possible strategies for preventing pathologic AP activation in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Thurman
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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35
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Renner B, Laskowski J, Poppelaars F, Ferreira VP, Blaine J, Antonioli AH, Hannan JP, Kovacs JM, van Kooten C, You Z, Pickering MC, Holers VM, Thurman JM. Factor H related proteins modulate complement activation on kidney cells. Kidney Int 2022; 102:1331-1344. [PMID: 36063874 PMCID: PMC9691546 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Complement activation at a particular location is determined by the balance of activating and inhibitory proteins. Factor H is a key regulator of the alternative pathway of complement, and genetic or acquired impairments in Factor H are associated with glomerular injury. The human Factor H-related proteins (FHRs) comprise a family of five proteins that are structurally related to Factor H. Variations in the genes or expression levels of the FHRs are also associated with glomerular disease, although the mechanisms of glomerular protection/injury are incompletely understood. To explore the role of the FHRs on complement regulation/dysregulation in the kidney, we expressed and purified recombinant murine FHRs (FHRs A, B, C and E). These four distinct FHRs contain binding regions with high amino acid sequence homology to binding regions within Factor H, but we observed different interactions of the FHRs with Factor H binding ligands, including heparin and C3d. There was differential binding of the FHRs to the resident kidney cell types (mesangial, glomerular endothelial, podocytes, and tubular epithelial). All four FHRs caused complement dysregulation on kidney cell surfaces in vitro, although the magnitude of the effect differed among the FHRs and also varied among the different kidney cells. However, only FHR E caused glomerular complement dysregulation when injected in vivo but did not exacerbate injury when injected into mice with ischemic acute kidney injury, an alternative pathway-mediated model. Thus, our experiments demonstrate that the FHRs have unique, and likely context-dependent, effects on the different cell types within the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Renner
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jennifer Laskowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Felix Poppelaars
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Viviana P Ferreira
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Judith Blaine
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Jonathan P Hannan
- Molecular Biophysics Program and Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - James M Kovacs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Cees van Kooten
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Zhiying You
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Matthew C Pickering
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - V Michael Holers
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Joshua M Thurman
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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Stefansson VTN, Nair V, Melsom T, Looker HC, Mariani LH, Fermin D, Eichinger F, Menon R, Subramanian L, Ladd P, Harned R, Harder JL, Hodgin JB, Bjornstad P, Nelson PJ, Eriksen BO, Nelson RG, Kretzler M. Molecular programs associated with glomerular hyperfiltration in early diabetic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2022; 102:1345-1358. [PMID: 36055599 PMCID: PMC10161735 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hyperfiltration is a state of high glomerular filtration rate (GFR) observed in early diabetes that damages glomeruli, resulting in an iterative process of increasing filtration load on fewer and fewer remaining functional glomeruli. To delineate underlying cellular mechanisms of damage associated with hyperfiltration, transcriptional profiles of kidney biopsies from Pima Indians with type 2 diabetes with or without early-stage diabetic kidney disease were grouped into two hyperfiltration categories based on annual iothalamate GFR measurements. Twenty-six participants with a peak GFR measurement within two years of biopsy were categorized as the hyperfiltration group, and 26 in whom biopsy preceded peak GFR by over two years were considered pre-hyperfiltration. The hyperfiltration group had higher hemoglobin A1c, higher urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, increased glomerular basement membrane width and lower podocyte density compared to the pre-hyperfiltration group. A glomerular 1240-gene transcriptional signature identified in the hyperfiltration group was enriched for endothelial stress response signaling genes, including endothelin-1, tec-kinase and transforming growth factor-β1 pathways, with the majority of the transcripts mapped to endothelial and inflammatory cell clusters in kidney single cell transcriptional data. Thus, our analysis reveals molecular pathomechanisms associated with hyperfiltration in early diabetic kidney disease involving putative ligand-receptor pairs with downstream intracellular targets linked to cellular crosstalk between endothelial and mesangial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidar T N Stefansson
- Metabolic and Renal Research Group, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Section of Nephrology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Viji Nair
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, Nephrology Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Toralf Melsom
- Metabolic and Renal Research Group, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Section of Nephrology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Helen C Looker
- Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Laura H Mariani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Damian Fermin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Felix Eichinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rajasree Menon
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lalita Subramanian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Patricia Ladd
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Roger Harned
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jennifer L Harder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Hodgin
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Petter Bjornstad
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Peter J Nelson
- Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, Nephrology Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bjørn O Eriksen
- Metabolic and Renal Research Group, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Section of Nephrology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Robert G Nelson
- Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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Ursu R, Sopel N, Ohs A, Tati R, Buvall L, Nyström J, Schiffer M, Müller-Deile J. Glomerular Endothelial Cell-Derived miR-200c Impairs Glomerular Homeostasis by Targeting Podocyte VEGF-A. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36499397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the pathophysiological mechanisms of primary podocytopathies that can lead to end-stage renal disease and increased mortality is an unmet need. Studying how microRNAs (miRs) interfere with various signaling pathways enables identification of pathomechanisms, novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic options. We investigated the expression of miR-200c in urine from patients with different renal diseases as a potential candidate involved in podocytopathies. The role of miR-200c for the glomerulus and its potential targets were studied in cultured human podocytes, human glomerular endothelial cells and in the zebrafish model. miR-200c was upregulated in urine from patients with minimal change disease, membranous glomerulonephritis and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and also in transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) stressed glomerular endothelial cells, but not in podocytes. In zebrafish, miR-200c overexpression caused proteinuria, edema, podocyte foot process effacement and glomerular endotheliosis. Although zinc finger E-Box binding homeobox 1/2 (ZEB1/2), important in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), are prominent targets of miR-200c, their downregulation did not explain our zebrafish phenotype. We detected decreased vegfaa/bb in zebrafish overexpressing miR-200c and could further prove that miR-200c decreased VEGF-A expression and secretion in cultured human podocytes. We hypothesize that miR-200c is released from glomerular endothelial cells during cell stress and acts in a paracrine, autocrine, as well as context-dependent manner in the glomerulus. MiR-200c can cause glomerular damage most likely due to the reduction of podocyte VEGF-A. In contrast, miR-200c might also influence ZEB expression and therefore EMT, which might be important in other conditions. Therefore, we propose that miR-200c-mediated effects in the glomerulus are context-sensitive.
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Abstract
Introduction When assessing kidney biopsies, pathologists use light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy to describe and diagnose glomerular lesions and diseases. These methods can be laborious, costly, fraught with inter-observer variability, and can have delays in turn-around time. Thus, computational approaches can be designed as screening and/or diagnostic tools, potentially relieving pathologist time, healthcare resources, while also having the ability to identify novel biomarkers, including subvisual features. Methods Here, we implement our recently published biomarker feature extraction (BFE) model along with 3 pre-trained deep learning models (VGG16, VGG19, and InceptionV3) to diagnose 3 glomerular diseases using PAS-stained digital pathology images alone. The BFE model extracts a panel of 233 explainable features related to underlying pathology, which are subsequently narrowed down to 10 morphological and microstructural texture features for classification with a linear discriminant analysis machine learning classifier. 45 patient renal biopsies (371 glomeruli) from minimal change disease (MCD), membranous nephropathy (MN), and thin-basement membrane nephropathy (TBMN) were split into training/validation and held out sets. For the 3 deep learningmodels, data augmentation and Grad-CAM were used for better performance and interpretability. Results The BFE model showed glomerular validation accuracy of 67.6% and testing accuracy of 76.8%. All deep learning approaches had higher validation accuracies (most for VGG16 at 78.5%) but lower testing accuracies. The highest testing accuracy at the glomerular level was VGG16 at 71.9%, while at the patient-level was InceptionV3 at 73.3%. Discussion The results highlight the potential of both traditional machine learning and deep learning-based approaches for kidney biopsy evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Nicholas Basso
- Image Analysis in Medicine Lab (IAMLAB), Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Moumita Barua
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julien Meyer
- School of Health Services Management, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rohan John
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - April Khademi
- Image Analysis in Medicine Lab (IAMLAB), Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Technology (iBEST), a partnership between St. Michael’s Hospital and Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Liu H, Feng J, Tang L. Early renal structural changes and potential biomarkers in diabetic nephropathy. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1020443. [PMID: 36425298 PMCID: PMC9679365 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1020443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most serious microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, with increasing prevalence and mortality. Currently, renal function is assessed clinically using albumin excretion rate and glomerular filtration rate. But before the appearance of micro-albumin, the glomerular structure has been severely damaged. Glomerular filtration rate based on serum creatinine is a certain underestimate of renal status. Early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy has an important role in improving kidney function and delaying disease progression with drugs. There is an urgent need for biomarkers that can characterize the structural changes associated with the kidney. In this review, we focus on the early glomerular and tubular structural alterations, with a detailed description of the glomerular injury markers SMAD1 and Podocalyxin, and the tubular injury markers NGAL, Netrin-1, and L-FABP in the context of diabetic nephropathy. We have summarized the currently studied protein markers and performed bioprocess analysis. Also, a brief review of proteomic and scRNA-seq method in the search of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianguo Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University; Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Liling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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40
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Lausecker F, Lennon R, Randles MJ. The kidney matrisome in health, aging, and disease. Kidney Int 2022; 102:1000-1012. [PMID: 35870643 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated extracellular matrix is the hallmark of fibrosis, and it has a profound impact on kidney function in disease. Furthermore, perturbation of matrix homeostasis is a feature of aging and is associated with declining kidney function. Understanding these dynamic processes, in the hope of developing therapies to combat matrix dysregulation, requires the integration of data acquired by both well-established and novel technologies. Owing to its complexity, the extracellular proteome, or matrisome, still holds many secrets and has great potential for the identification of clinical biomarkers and drug targets. The molecular resolution of matrix composition during aging and disease has been illuminated by cutting-edge mass spectrometry-based proteomics in recent years, but there remain key questions about the mechanisms that drive altered matrix composition. Basement membrane components are particularly important in the context of kidney function; and data from proteomic studies suggest that switches between basement membrane and interstitial matrix proteins are likely to contribute to organ dysfunction during aging and disease. Understanding the impact of such changes on physical properties of the matrix, and the subsequent cellular response to altered stiffness and viscoelasticity, is of critical importance. Likewise, the comparison of proteomic data sets from multiple organs is required to identify common matrix biomarkers and shared pathways for therapeutic intervention. Coupled with single-cell transcriptomics, there is the potential to identify the cellular origin of matrix changes, which could enable cell-targeted therapy. This review provides a contemporary perspective of the complex kidney matrisome and draws comparison to altered matrix in heart and liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Lausecker
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael J Randles
- Chester Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Chester, Chester, UK.
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41
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Herou E, Grubb A, Dardashti A, Nozohoor S, Zindovic I, Ederoth P, Bjursten H. Reduced renal elimination of larger molecules is a strong predictor for mortality. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17517. [PMID: 36266435 PMCID: PMC9584920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal dysfunction is a major risk factor for premature death and has been studied extensively. A new renal syndrome, shrunken pore syndrome (SPS), confers higher mortality in all studied populations. SPS is a condition in which cystatin C-based estimation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcystatin C) is ≥ 60% than creatinine-based estimation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcreatinine). We aimed to study the impact of SPS on mortality in a cohort of patients with follow up of up to 10 years. This was a retrospective single centre cohort study. We enrolled 3993 consecutive patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. Outcome was evaluated using Kaplan Meier analysis and multivariable Cox regression. 1-, 5- and 10-year survival for patients with SPS was 90%, 59% and 45%, and without SPS 98%, 88% and 80% (p < 0.001). SPS was found to be an independent predictor for mortality with an HR of 1.96 (95% CI 1.63-2.36). SPS negatively affected survival regardless of pre-operative renal function. SPS is an independent predictor for mortality after elective cardiac surgery, equal to or greater than risk factors such as diabetes, impaired left ventricular function or renal dysfunction. SPS affected mortality even in patients with normal eGFR.Clinical registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov, ID NCT04141072.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Herou
- grid.411843.b0000 0004 0623 9987Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Grubb
- grid.411843.b0000 0004 0623 9987Department of Clinical Chemistry, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alain Dardashti
- grid.411843.b0000 0004 0623 9987Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Shahab Nozohoor
- grid.411843.b0000 0004 0623 9987Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Igor Zindovic
- grid.411843.b0000 0004 0623 9987Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Ederoth
- grid.411843.b0000 0004 0623 9987Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik Bjursten
- grid.411843.b0000 0004 0623 9987Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
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42
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Daehn IS, Merscher S. Editorial: Molecular mechanisms of proteinuria, volume II. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1026202. [PMID: 36313992 PMCID: PMC9608140 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1026202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ilse S. Daehn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Ilse S. Daehn
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States,Sandra Merscher
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43
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Naylor RW, Lemarie E, Jackson-Crawford A, Davenport JB, Mironov A, Lowe M, Lennon R. A novel nanoluciferase transgenic reporter measures proteinuria in zebrafish. Kidney Int 2022; 102:815-827. [PMID: 35716957 DOI: 10.1101/2021.07.19.452884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish is an important animal system for modeling human diseases. This includes kidney dysfunction as the embryonic kidney (pronephros) shares considerable molecular and morphological homology with the human nephron. A key clinical indicator of kidney disease is proteinuria, but a high-throughput readout of proteinuria in the zebrafish is currently lacking. To remedy this, we used the Tol2 transposon system to generate a transgenic zebrafish line that uses the fabp10a liver-specific promoter to over-express a nanoluciferase molecule fused with the D3 domain of Receptor-Associated Protein (a type of molecular chaperone) which we term NL-D3. Using a luminometer, we quantified proteinuria in NL-D3 zebrafish larvae by measuring the intensity of luminescence in the embryo medium. In the healthy state, NL-D3 is not excreted, but when embryos were treated with chemicals that affected either proximal tubular reabsorption (cisplatin, gentamicin) or glomerular filtration (angiotensin II, Hanks Balanced Salt Solution, Bovine Serum Albumin), NL-D3 is detected in fish medium. Similarly, depletion of several gene products associated with kidney disease (nphs1, nphs2, lrp2a, ocrl, col4a3, and col4a4) also induced NL-D3 proteinuria. Treating col4a4 depleted zebrafish larvae (a model of Alport syndrome) with captopril reduced proteinuria in this system. Thus, our findings validate the use of the NL-D3 transgenic zebrafish as a robust and quantifiable proteinuria reporter. Hence, given the feasibility of high-throughput assays in zebrafish, this novel reporter will permit screening for drugs that ameliorate proteinuria, thereby prioritizing candidates for further translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Naylor
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Emmanuel Lemarie
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - J Bernard Davenport
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Aleksandr Mironov
- EM Core Facility (RRID: SCR_021147), Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin Lowe
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
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44
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Naylor RW, Lemarie E, Jackson-Crawford A, Davenport JB, Mironov A, Lowe M, Lennon R. A novel nanoluciferase transgenic reporter measures proteinuria in zebrafish. Kidney Int 2022; 102:815-827. [PMID: 35716957 PMCID: PMC7614274 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish is an important animal system for modeling human diseases. This includes kidney dysfunction as the embryonic kidney (pronephros) shares considerable molecular and morphological homology with the human nephron. A key clinical indicator of kidney disease is proteinuria, but a high-throughput readout of proteinuria in the zebrafish is currently lacking. To remedy this, we used the Tol2 transposon system to generate a transgenic zebrafish line that uses the fabp10a liver-specific promoter to over-express a nanoluciferase molecule fused with the D3 domain of Receptor-Associated Protein (a type of molecular chaperone) which we term NL-D3. Using a luminometer, we quantified proteinuria in NL-D3 zebrafish larvae by measuring the intensity of luminescence in the embryo medium. In the healthy state, NL-D3 is not excreted, but when embryos were treated with chemicals that affected either proximal tubular reabsorption (cisplatin, gentamicin) or glomerular filtration (angiotensin II, Hanks Balanced Salt Solution, Bovine Serum Albumin), NL-D3 is detected in fish medium. Similarly, depletion of several gene products associated with kidney disease (nphs1, nphs2, lrp2a, ocrl, col4a3, and col4a4) also induced NL-D3 proteinuria. Treating col4a4 depleted zebrafish larvae (a model of Alport syndrome) with captopril reduced proteinuria in this system. Thus, our findings validate the use of the NL-D3 transgenic zebrafish as a robust and quantifiable proteinuria reporter. Hence, given the feasibility of high-throughput assays in zebrafish, this novel reporter will permit screening for drugs that ameliorate proteinuria, thereby prioritizing candidates for further translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Naylor
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Emmanuel Lemarie
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - J Bernard Davenport
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Aleksandr Mironov
- EM Core Facility (RRID: SCR_021147), Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin Lowe
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
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45
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Wang D, Gust M, Ferrell N. Kidney-on-a-Chip: Mechanical Stimulation and Sensor Integration. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:6889. [PMID: 36146238 PMCID: PMC9503911 DOI: 10.3390/s22186889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bioengineered in vitro models of the kidney offer unprecedented opportunities to better mimic the in vivo microenvironment. Kidney-on-a-chip technology reproduces 2D or 3D features which can replicate features of the tissue architecture, composition, and dynamic mechanical forces experienced by cells in vivo. Kidney cells are exposed to mechanical stimuli such as substrate stiffness, shear stress, compression, and stretch, which regulate multiple cellular functions. Incorporating mechanical stimuli in kidney-on-a-chip is critically important for recapitulating the physiological or pathological microenvironment. This review will explore approaches to applying mechanical stimuli to different cell types using kidney-on-a-chip models and how these systems are used to study kidney physiology, model disease, and screen for drug toxicity. We further discuss sensor integration into kidney-on-a-chip for monitoring cellular responses to mechanical or other pathological stimuli. We discuss the advantages, limitations, and challenges associated with incorporating mechanical stimuli in kidney-on-a-chip models for a variety of applications. Overall, this review aims to highlight the importance of mechanical stimuli and sensor integration in the design and implementation of kidney-on-a-chip devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Matthew Gust
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nicholas Ferrell
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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46
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Goligorsky MS. Emerging Insights into Glomerular Vascular Pole and Microcirculation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:1641-1648. [PMID: 35853715 PMCID: PMC9529196 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2022030354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The glomerular vascular pole is the gate for the afferent and efferent arterioles and mesangial cells and a frequent location of peripolar cells with an unclear function. It has been studied in definitive detail for >30 years, and functionally interrogated in the context of signal transduction from the macula densa to the mesangial cells and afferent arteriolar smooth muscle cells from 10 to 20 years ago. Two recent discoveries shed additional light on the vascular pole, with possibly far-reaching implications. One, which uses novel serial section electron microscopy, reveals a shorter capillary pathway between the basins of the afferent and efferent arterioles. Such a pathway, when patent, may short-circuit the multitude of capillaries in the glomerular tuft. Notably, this shorter capillary route is enclosed within the glomerular mesangium. The second study used anti-Thy1.1-induced mesangiolysis and intravital microscopy to unequivocally establish in vivo the long-suspected contractile function of mesangial cells, which have the ability to change the geometry and curvature of glomerular capillaries. These studies led me to hypothesize the existence of a glomerular perfusion rheostat, in which the shorter path periodically fluctuates between being more and less patent. This action reduces or increases blood flow through the entire glomerular capillary tuft. A corollary is that the GFR is a net product of balance between the states of capillary perfusion, and that deviations from the balanced state would increase or decrease GFR. Taken together, these studies may pave the way to a more profound understanding of glomerular microcirculation under basal conditions and in progression of glomerulopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Goligorsky
- Renal Research Institute, New York Medical College at the Touro University, Valhalla, New York
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47
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Shankland SJ, Wessely O. GSKβ as a target in podocyte aging. Kidney Int 2022; 102:463-465. [PMID: 35660495 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Shankland
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| | - Oliver Wessely
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Osano
- Department of Nephrology, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Japan
| | - Shunichiro Hanai
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Japan
| | - Kazuya Takahashi
- Department of Nephrology, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Furuya
- Department of Nephrology, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Japan
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49
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Dong R, Xu Y. Glomerular cell cross talk in diabetic kidney diseases. J Diabetes 2022; 14:514-523. [PMID: 35999686 PMCID: PMC9426281 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a severe microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. It is the leading inducement of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and its global incidence has been increasing at an alarming rate. The strict control of blood pressure and blood glucose can delay the progression of DKD, but intensive treatment is challenging to maintain. Studies to date have failed to find a complete cure. The glomerulus's alterations and injuries play a pivotal role in the initiation and development of DKD. A wealth of data indicates that the interdependent relationship between resident cells in the glomerulus will provide clues to the mechanism of DKD and new ways for therapeutic intervention. This review summarizes the significant findings of glomerular cell cross talk in DKD, focusing on cellular signaling pathways, regulators, and potential novel avenues for treating progressive DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Dong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Youhua Xu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, People's Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
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50
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McNulty MT, Fermin D, Eichinger F, Jang D, Kretzler M, Burtt NP, Pollak MR, Flannick J, Weins A, Friedman DJ, Sampson MG. A glomerular transcriptomic landscape of apolipoprotein L1 in Black patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Kidney Int 2022; 102:136-148. [PMID: 34929253 PMCID: PMC9206042 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1)-associated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the dominant form of FSGS in Black individuals. There are no targeted therapies for this condition, in part because the molecular mechanisms underlying APOL1's pathogenic contribution to FSGS are incompletely understood. Studying the transcriptomic landscape of APOL1 FSGS in patient kidneys is an important way to discover genes and molecular behaviors that are unique or most relevant to the human disease. With the hypothesis that the pathology driven by the high-risk APOL1 genotype is reflected in alteration of gene expression across the glomerular transcriptome, we compared expression and co-expression profiles of 15,703 genes in 16 Black patients with FSGS at high-risk vs 14 Black patients with a low-risk APOL1 genotype. Expression data from APOL1-inducible HEK293 cells and normal human glomeruli were used to pursue genes and molecular pathways uncovered in these studies. We discovered increased expression of APOL1 and nine other significant differentially expressed genes in high-risk patients. This included stanniocalcin, which has a role in mitochondrial and calcium-related processes along with differential correlations between high- and low-risk APOL1 and metabolism pathway genes. There were similar correlations with extracellular matrix- and immune-related genes, but significant loss of co-expression of mitochondrial genes in high-risk FSGS, and an NF-κB-down regulating gene, NKIRAS1, as the most significant hub gene with strong differential correlations with NDUF family (mitochondrial respiratory genes) and immune-related (JAK-STAT) genes. Thus, differences in mitochondrial gene regulation appear to underlie many differences observed between high- and low-risk Black patients with FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle T McNulty
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Kidney Disease Initiative, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Damian Fermin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Felix Eichinger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dongkeun Jang
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Noël P Burtt
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Metabolism Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin R Pollak
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason Flannick
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Metabolism Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Astrid Weins
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David J Friedman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew G Sampson
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Kidney Disease Initiative, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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