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Xing X, She Y, Yuan G, Yang G. piR-368 promotes odontoblastic differentiation of dental papilla cells via the Smad1/5 signaling pathway by targeting Smurf1. Connect Tissue Res 2024; 65:53-62. [PMID: 37978579 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2023.2281319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The important role of non-coding RNAs in odontoblastic differentiation of dental tissue-derived stem cells has been widely demonstrated; however, whether piRNA (a subclass of non-coding RNA) involved in the course of odontoblastic differentiation is not yet available. This study aimed to investigate the expression profile of piRNA during odontogenic differentiation of mDPCs and the potential molecular mechanism in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The primary mouse dental papilla cells (mDPCs) were isolated from the first molars of 1-day postnatal Kunming mice. Then, they were cultured in odontogenic medium for 9 days. The expression profile of piRNA was detected by Small RNA sequencing. RT-qPCR was used to verify the elevation of piR-368. The mRNA and protein levels of mineralization markers were examined by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and alizarin red S staining were conducted to assess the odontoblastic differentiation ability. RESULTS We validated piR-368 was significantly upregulated and interference with piR-368 markedly inhibited the odontogenic differentiation of mDPCs. In addition, the relationship between Smad1/5 signaling pathway and piR-368-induced odontoblastic differentiation has been discovered. Finally, we demonstrated Smurf1 as a target gene of piR-368 using dual-luciferase assays. CONCLUSION This study was the first to illustrate the participation of piRNA in odontoblastic differentiation. We proved that piR-368 promoted odontoblastic differentiation of mouse dental papilla cells via the Smad1/5 signaling pathway by targeting Smurf1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Xing
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yawei She
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohua Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guobin Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Xu Y, Qu M, He Y, He Q, Shen T, Luo J, Tan D, Bao H, Xu C, Ji X, Hu X, Barkat MQ, Zeng LH, Wu X. Smurf1 polyubiquitinates on K285/K282 of the kinases Mst1/2 to attenuate their tumor-suppressor functions. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105395. [PMID: 37890777 PMCID: PMC10696403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterile 20-like kinases Mst1 and Mst2 (Mst1/2) and large tumor suppressor 1/2 are core kinases to mediate Hippo signaling in maintaining tissue homeostasis. We have previously demonstrated that Smad ubiquitin (Ub) regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1), a HECT-type E3 ligase, ubiquitinates and in turn destabilizes large tumor suppressor 1/2 to induce the transcriptional output of Hippo signaling. Here, we unexpectedly find that Smurf1 interacts with and polyubiquitinates Mst1/2 by virtue of K27- and K29-linked Ub chains, resulting in the proteasomal degradation of Mst1/2 and attenuation of their tumor-suppressor functions. Among the potential Ub acceptor sites on Mst1/2, K285/K282 are conserved and essential for Smurf1-induced polyubiquitination and degradation of Mst1/2 as well as transcriptional output of Hippo signaling. As a result, K285R/K282R mutation of Mst1/2 not only negates the transcriptional output of Hippo signaling but enhances the tumor-suppressor functions of Mst1/2. Together, we demonstrate that Smurf1-mediated polyubiquitination on K285/K282 of Mst1/2 destabilizes Mst1/2 to attenuate their tumor-suppressor functions. Thus, the present study identifies Smurf1-mediated ubiquitination of Mst1/2 as a hitherto uncharacterized mechanism fine-tuning the Hippo signaling pathway and may provide additional targets for therapeutic intervention of diseases associated with this important pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meiyu Qu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangxun He
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiangqiang He
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingyu Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangyang Bao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengyun Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing Ji
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Qasim Barkat
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Hui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Lin Z, Li S, Xiao H, Xu Z, Li C, Zeng J, Wang S, Liu Z, Huang H. The degradation of TGR5 mediated by Smurf1 contributes to diabetic nephropathy. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112851. [PMID: 37481723 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The multiple roles of TGR5 in the regulation of glucose metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress have drawn attention as therapeutic candidates for diabetes-related kidney disease. However, diabetes induces downregulation of renal TGR5 protein expression, and the regulatory mechanisms have not been clarified. Here, we identify that Smurf1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is a critical interactor of TGR5 and mediates the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of TGR5 under high glucose stimulation in glomerular mesangial cells. Genetic deficiency of Smurf1 restores TGR5 protein expression and attenuates renal injuries in diabetic mice. Mechanistically, Smurf1 interacts with the TGR5 ICL2 region by its HECT domain and induces K11/K48-linked polyubiquitination of TGR5 at K306 residue. Moreover, restoration of TGR5 protects db/db mice from diabetic nephropathy. These observations elucidate the critical role of Smurf1 in regulating TGR5 stability, suggesting that pharmacological targeting of the interaction between Smurf1 and TGR5 could serve as a promising therapeutic strategy against diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Lin
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haiming Xiao
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhanchi Xu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuting Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingran Zeng
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shaogui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Heqing Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Li D, Wei TT, Cai J, Xie TH, Yao Y, Zhu L. Smurf1: A possible therapeutic target in dry age-related macular degeneration. Exp Eye Res 2023; 233:109549. [PMID: 37348673 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Smad ubiquitylation regulatory factor-1 (Smurf1) is one of C2-WW-HECT domain E3 ubiquitin ligases, it can regulate BMP pathway by mediating ubiquitylation degradation of Smad1/Smad5. Many functions about Smurf1 also are still unknown, especially in retina. This research is about to explore the role of Smurf1 in retina degeneration. Tail vein injection of sodium iodate (NaIO3) in C57BL/6J mice was the animal model of retina degeneration. In NaIO3 model, Smurf1 had more expression than normal mice. Specific Smurf1 inhibitor, A01, was injected into vitreous cavity. Results showed that inhibiting Smurf1 could alleviate acute retina injury, such as keeping a better retina structure in living imaging and histologic sections, less cell death and inflammation activation. Tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBH) was used to establish oxidative stress injury in human retinal pigments epithelial cell line (ARPE-19). Oxidative stress injury gradually caused co-upregulation of Smurf1, TGF-β1 and phosphorylated NF-κB (pNF-κB). TGF-β1 could directly induce Smurf1 expression. Inhibiting Smurf1 had an anti-epithelial mesenchymal transition (anti-EMT) function. Similarly, A01 also could inhibit the expression of pNF-κB, NLRP3 and IL-1β. At last, after searching bioinformatics database, Smurf1 had a possible interaction with beta-transducin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (β-TrCP), another E3 ubiquitin ligases. β-TrCP can mediate ubiquitination degradation of p-IκBα. Lentivirus-SMURF1 was used to overexpress Smurf1, and GS143 was used to inhibit β-TrCP. The results showed Smurf1 could directly induce NF-κB, pNF-κB, and NLRP3 expression, and keep a stable β-TrCP expression. However, inhibiting β-TrCP could cause more NF-κB activation and NLRP3 expression. Therefore, β-TrCP may play a negative role in NF-κB pathway activation. In summary, Smurf1 plays a role in exacerbating oxidative stress injury and inflammation in retina and may become a potential therapeutic target in ROS injury of retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wei
- Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiping Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tian-Hua Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Lingpeng Zhu
- Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Li S, Xiao H, Sun X, Chen Z, Lin Z, Li C, Zeng J, Xu Z, Cheng Y, Huang H. Connexin32 Promotes the Activation of Foxo3a to Ameliorate Diabetic Nephropathy via Inhibiting the Polyubiquitination and Degradation of Sirt1. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:241-261. [PMID: 36601735 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Renal oxidative stress (OSS) is the leading cause of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The silent information regulator 1/forkhead boxo3a (Sirt1/Foxo3a) pathway plays an essential role in regulating the antioxidant enzyme system. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of connexin32 (Cx32) on the antioxidant enzyme system in DN. Results: In this study, Cx32 overexpression significantly reduced reactive oxygen species generation and effectively inhibited the excessive production of extracellular matrix such as fibronectin (FN) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in high-glucose (HG)-induced glomerular mesangial cells. In addition, Cx32 overexpression reversed the downregulation of Sirt1, and promoted the nuclear transcription of Foxo3a, subsequently activating the antioxidant enzymes including catalase and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), however, Cx32 knockdown showed the opposite effects. A further mechanism study showed that Cx32 promoted the autoubiquitination and degradation of Smad ubiquitylation regulatory factor-1 (Smurf1), thereby reducing the ubiquitination of Sirt1 at Lys335 and the degradation of Sirt1. Moreover, the in vivo results showed that adenovirus-mediated Cx32 overexpression activated the Sirt1/Foxo3a pathway, and inhibited OSS in the kidney tissues, eventually improving the renal function and glomerulosclerosis in diabetic mice. Innovation: This study highlighted the antioxidant role of Cx32-Sirt1-Foxo3a axis to alleviate DN, which is a new mechanism of Cx32 alleviating DN. Conclusion: Cx32 alleviated DN via activating the Sirt1/Foxo3a antioxidant pathway. The specific mechanism was that Cx32 upregulated the Sirt1 expression through reducing the ubiquitination of Lys335 of Sirt1 by inhibiting Smurf1. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 241-261.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiming Xiao
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiquan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zeyuan Lin
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuting Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingran Zeng
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanchi Xu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heqing Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhao M, Zhang Y, Qiang L, Lu Z, Zhao Z, Fu Y, Wu B, Chai Q, Ge P, Lei Z, Zhang X, Li B, Wang J, Zhang L, Liu CH. A Golgi-resident GPR108 cooperates with E3 ubiquitin ligase Smurf1 to suppress antiviral innate immunity. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112655. [PMID: 37330913 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of antiviral immunity is crucial in maintaining host immune homeostasis, a process that involves dynamic modulations of host organelles. The Golgi apparatus is increasingly perceived as a host organelle functioning as a critical platform for innate immunity, but the detailed mechanism by which it regulates antiviral immunity remains elusive. Here, we identify the Golgi-localized G protein-coupled receptor 108 (GPR108) as a regulator of type Ι interferon responses by targeting interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). Mechanistically, GPR108 enhances the ubiquitin ligase Smad ubiquitylation regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1)-mediated K63-linked polyubiquitination of phosphorylated IRF3 for nuclear dot 10 protein 52 (NDP52)-dependent autophagic degradation, leading to suppression of antiviral immune responses against DNA or RNA viruses. Taken together, our study provides insight into the crosstalk between the Golgi apparatus and antiviral immunity via a dynamic and spatiotemporal regulation of GPR108-Smurf1 axis, thereby indicating a potential target for treating viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100850, China; School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lihua Qiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Zhe Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Zhuo Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Yesheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Bo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Qiyao Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Pupu Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zehui Lei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Bingxi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Cui Hua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
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Souza-Costa LP, Andrade-Chaves JT, Andrade JM, Costa VV, Franco LH. Uncovering new insights into the role of the ubiquitin ligase Smurf1 on the regulation of innate immune signaling and resistance to infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1185741. [PMID: 37228615 PMCID: PMC10203584 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1185741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense against infections. Innate immune cells express pattern recognition receptors in distinct cellular compartments that are responsible to detect either pathogens-associated molecules or cellular components derived from damaged cells, to trigger intracellular signaling pathways that lead to the activation of inflammatory responses. Inflammation is essential to coordinate immune cell recruitment, pathogen elimination and to keep normal tissue homeostasis. However, uncontrolled, misplaced or aberrant inflammatory responses could lead to tissue damage and drive chronic inflammatory diseases and autoimmunity. In this context, molecular mechanisms that tightly regulate the expression of molecules required for the signaling of innate immune receptors are crucial to prevent pathological immune responses. In this review, we discuss the ubiquitination process and its importance in the regulation of innate immune signaling and inflammation. Then, we summarize the roles of Smurf1, a protein that works on ubiquitination, on the regulation of innate immune signaling and antimicrobial mechanisms, emphasizing its substrates and highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for infectious and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Pedro Souza-Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Josiane Teixeira Andrade-Chaves
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juvana Moreira Andrade
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vivian Vasconcelos Costa
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luis Henrique Franco
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Han Z, Mou Z, Jing Y, Jiang R, Sun T. CircSmox knockdown alleviates PC12 cell apoptosis and inflammation in spinal cord injury by miR-340-5p/ Smurf1 axis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e824. [PMID: 37102659 PMCID: PMC10091371 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a traumatic central nervous system disorder that leads to irreversible neurological dysfunction. Emerging evidence has shown that differentially expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs) after SCI is closely associated with the pathophysiological process. Herein, the potential function of circRNA spermine oxidase (circSmox) in functional recovery after SCI was investigated. METHODS Differentiated PC12 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were employed as an in vitro model for neurotoxicity research. Levels of genes and proteins were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was used to detect the protein level of apoptosis-related markers. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Dual-luciferase reporter, RIP, and pull-down assays were used to confirm the target relationship between miR-340-5p and circSmox or Smurf1 (SMAD Specific E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase 1). RESULTS LPS elevated the levels of circSmox and Smurf1, but decreased the levels of miR-340-5p in PC12 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Functionally, circSmox silencing alleviated LPS-induced apoptosis and inflammation in PC12 cells in vitro. Mechanistically, circSmox directly sponged miR-340-5p, which targeted Smurf1. Rescue experiments showed that miR-340-5p inhibition attenuated the neuroprotective effect of circSmox siRNA in PC12 cells. Moreover, miR-340-5p suppressed LPS-triggered neurotoxicity in PC12 cells, which was reversed by Smurf1 overexpression. CONCLUSION CircSmox enhances LPS-induced apoptosis and inflammation via miR-340-5p/Smurf1 axis, providing an exciting view of the potential involvement of circSmox in SCI pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Han
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Zufang Mou
- Department of Nosocomial Infection, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Yulong Jing
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
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Xia Q, Li Y, Xu W, Wu C, Zheng H, Liu L, Dong L. Enhanced liquidity of p62 droplets mediated by Smurf1 links Nrf2 activation and autophagy. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:37. [PMID: 36810259 PMCID: PMC9945626 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macro-autophagy/Autophagy is an evolutionarily well-conserved recycling process to maintain the balance through precise spatiotemporal regulation. However, the regulatory mechanisms of biomolecular condensates by the key adaptor protein p62 via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) remain obscure. RESULTS In this study, we showed that E3 ligase Smurf1 enhanced Nrf2 activation and promoted autophagy by increasing p62 phase separation capability. Specifically, the Smurf1/p62 interaction improved the formation and material exchange of liquid droplets compared with p62 single puncta. Additionally, Smurf1 promoted the competitive binding of p62 with Keap1 to increase Nrf2 nuclear translocation in p62 Ser349 phosphorylation-dependent manner. Mechanistically, overexpressed Smurf1 increased the activation of mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1), in turn leading to p62 Ser349 phosphorylation. Nrf2 activation increased the mRNA levels of Smurf1, p62, and NBR1, further promoting the droplet liquidity to enhance oxidative stress response. Importantly, we showed that Smurf1 maintained cellular homeostasis by promoting cargo degradation through the p62/LC3 autophagic pathway. CONCLUSIONS These findings revealed the complex interconnected role among Smurf1, p62/Nrf2/NBR1, and p62/LC3 axis in determining Nrf2 activation and subsequent clearance of condensates through LLPS mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xia
- grid.43555.320000 0000 8841 6246School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, South Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- grid.43555.320000 0000 8841 6246School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, South Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Wanting Xu
- grid.43555.320000 0000 8841 6246School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, South Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Chengwei Wu
- grid.43555.320000 0000 8841 6246School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, South Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Hanfei Zheng
- grid.43555.320000 0000 8841 6246School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, South Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Liu
- grid.43555.320000 0000 8841 6246School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, South Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Dong
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, South Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
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10
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Han D, Li S, Xia Q, Meng X, Dong L. Overexpressed Smurf1 is degraded in glioblastoma cells through autophagy in a p62-dependent manner. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:118-129. [PMID: 34614303 PMCID: PMC8727935 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous to E6AP C-terminus (HECT)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (Smurf1) was originally identified to ubiquitinate Smad protein in the TGF-β/BMP signaling pathway. Recently, Smurf1 has been reported to promote tumorigenesis by regulating multiple biological processes. High expression of Smurf1 plays a vital role in brain tumor progression by mediating aberrant cell signaling pathways. Previous reports have shown that Smurf1 is degraded mainly through the ubiquitin-proteasome system, but it remains unclear whether Smurf1 is degraded by autophagy in tumor cells. In this study, we show that autophagy activators promote Smurf1 degradation in glioblastoma (GB) cells. The autophagy receptor p62 colocalizes with ubiquitinated substrates to promote sequestration of cytoplasm cargo into the autophagosome. We report that autophagic degradation of Smurf1 is dependent on p62. Moreover, the autophagic degradation of Smurf1 is prevented in the absence of the HECT domain or E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. We further proved that activation of autophagy leads to a decrease of Smurf1 and the inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway in GB cells. Our results suggest that enhancement of autophagic degradation of Smurf1 may be a potential approach to treating GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Han
- School of Life ScienceBeijing Institute of TechnologyChina
| | - Shengzhen Li
- School of Life ScienceBeijing Institute of TechnologyChina
| | - Qin Xia
- School of Life ScienceBeijing Institute of TechnologyChina
| | - Xinyi Meng
- School of Life ScienceBeijing Institute of TechnologyChina
| | - Lei Dong
- School of Life ScienceBeijing Institute of TechnologyChina
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11
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Du MG, Liu F, Chang Y, Tong S, Liu W, Chen YJ, Xie P. Neddylation modification of the U3 snoRNA-binding protein RRP9 by Smurf1 promotes tumorigenesis. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101307. [PMID: 34662580 PMCID: PMC8569593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neddylation is a posttranslational modification that attaches ubiquitin-like protein Nedd8 to protein targets via Nedd8-specific E1-E2-E3 enzymes and modulates many important biological processes. Nedd8 attaches to a lysine residue of a substrate, not for degradation, but for modulation of substrate activity. We previously identified the HECT-type ubiquitin ligase Smurf1, which controls diverse cellular processes, is activated by Nedd8 through covalent neddylation. Smurf1 functions as a thioester bond-type Nedd8 ligase to catalyze its own neddylation. Numerous ubiquitination substrates of Smurf1 have been identified, but the neddylation substrates of Smurf1 remain unknown. Here, we show that Smurf1 interacts with RRP9, a core component of the U3 snoRNP complex, which is involved in pre-rRNA processing. Our in vivo and in vitro neddylation modification assays show that RRP9 is conjugated with Nedd8. RRP9 neddylation is catalyzed by Smurf1 and removed by the NEDP1 deneddylase. We identified Lys221 as a major neddylation site on RRP9. Deficiency of RRP9 neddylation inhibits pre-rRNA processing and leads to downregulation of ribosomal biogenesis. Consequently, functional studies suggest that ectopic expression of RRP9 promotes tumor cell proliferation, colony formation, and cell migration, whereas unneddylated RRP9, K221R mutant has no such effect. Furthermore, in human colorectal cancer, elevated expression of RRP9 and Smurf1 correlates with cancer progression. These results reveal that Smurf1 plays a multifaceted role in pre-rRNA processing by catalyzing RRP9 neddylation and shed new light on the oncogenic role of RRP9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ge Du
- Department of Cell Biology, The Municipal Key Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, The Municipal Key Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Tong
- Department of Cell Biology, The Municipal Key Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, The Municipal Key Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Jiao Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, The Municipal Key Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Cell Biology, The Municipal Key Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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12
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Zhang M, He JQ. The impact of common Smurf1 gene variants on the risk, clinical characteristics and short-term prognosis of tuberculous meningitis. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 106:115-122. [PMID: 33711518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe form of infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Smurf1 represents a key component in anti-Mtb autophagic targeting in macrophages and in anti-TB host defense in vivo. We hypothesized that genetic variants in the Smurf1 gene region influence susceptibility to TBM. METHODS Using a case-control study design (235 TBM cases, 239 pulmonary TB cases and 478 healthy controls), we evaluated whether 8 haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Smurf1 gene are associated with the development of TBM. RESULTS Even with the most conservative correction, the polymorphism rs6956450 was associated with TBM under a dominant model (odds ratio [OR], 1.653; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.192-2.294; P = 0.021), the CG haplotype consisting of rs3294 and rs6956450 was positively associated with TBM (P = 0.013) and another haplotype GC remained negatively associated with TBM in Tibetan subgroup (P < 0.001). No correlation was found between rs6956450 and TBM clinical characteristics or prognosis. CONCLUSIONS These results firstly link the variants in the Smurf1 gene region with TBM risk, indicating an important role for Smurf1 in the immunopathogenesis of TBM. Future studies will dissect the mechanism, which may help identify targets or genetic markers to guide diagnosis or host-directed therapy in patients with TBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jian-Qing He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China.
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13
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Liu Y, Yue M, Li Z. FOSL1 promotes tumorigenesis in colorectal carcinoma by mediating the FBXL2/Wnt/β-catenin axis via Smurf1. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105405. [PMID: 33450386 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CC), one of the most prevalent digestive cancers with high mortality and morbidity globally, still lacks powerful therapies to improve the prognosis. Here, we established that the expression of fos-like antigen-1 (Fosl1) was elevated in CC tissues versus adjacent tissues. Importantly, high Fosl1 expression was related to dismal prognosis among CC patients. Functional assays displayed that Fosl1 increased the viability, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration and invasion of CC cells. Additionally, a xenograft assay showed that silencing of Fosl1 in CC cells retarded lung, liver and kidney metastases in vivo. Further investigation demonstrated that Fosl1 was involved in malignant aggressiveness of CC cells by binding to smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1). Mechanistically, Smurf1-induced F-Box and leucine rich repeat protein 2 (FBXL2) ubiquitination resulted in its degradation, while FBXL2 disrupted the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In summary, Fosl1 plays a pro-metastatic and carcinogenetic role in CC, and we provided forceful evidence that Fosl1 inhibition might act as a prognostic and therapeutic option in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Anorectal, the Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, PR China
| | - Meng Yue
- Department of Colorecal & Anal Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, PR China
| | - Ze Li
- Department of Colorectal and Stomach Cancer Surgery-1, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, 130000, PR China.
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14
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Li Y, Cui C, Xie F, Kiełbasa S, Mei H, van Dinther M, van Dam H, Bauer A, Zhang L, Ten Dijke P. VprBP mitigates TGF-β and Activin signaling by promoting Smurf1-mediated type I receptor degradation. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 12:138-151. [PMID: 31291647 PMCID: PMC7109606 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family controls embryogenesis, stem cell differentiation, and tissue homeostasis. However, how post-translation modifications contribute to fine-tuning of TGF-β family signaling responses is not well understood. Inhibitory (I)-Smads can antagonize TGF-β/Smad signaling by recruiting Smurf E3 ubiquitin ligases to target the active TGF-β receptor for proteasomal degradation. A proteomic interaction screen identified Vpr binding protein (VprBP) as novel binding partner of Smad7. Mis-expression studies revealed that VprBP negatively controls Smad2 phosphorylation, Smad2-Smad4 interaction, as well as TGF-β target gene expression. VprBP was found to promote Smad7-Smurf1-TβRI complex formation and induce proteasomal degradation of TGF-β type I receptor (TβRI). Moreover, VprBP appears to stabilize Smurf1 by suppressing Smurf1 poly-ubiquitination. In multiple adult and mouse embryonic stem cells, depletion of VprBP promotes TGF-β or Activin-induced responses. In the mouse embryo VprBP expression negatively correlates with mesoderm marker expression, and VprBP attenuated mesoderm induction during zebrafish embryogenesis. Our findings thereby uncover a novel regulatory mechanism by which Smurf1 controls the TGF-β and Activin cascade and identify VprBP as a critical determinant of embryonic mesoderm induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Li
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chao Cui
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Feng Xie
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Szymon Kiełbasa
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden Genome Technology Centre, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Sequence Analysis Support Core, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van Dinther
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans van Dam
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Bauer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Novartis Campus, Forum 2.5.01.30, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands.,MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands.,MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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15
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Scott JL, Frick CT, Johnson KA, Liu H, Yong SS, Varney AG, Wiest O, Stahelin RV. Molecular Analysis of Membrane Targeting by the C2 Domain of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Smurf1. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020229. [PMID: 32033048 PMCID: PMC7072158 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SMAD ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1) is a Nedd4 family E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates cell motility, polarity and TGFβ signaling. Smurf1 contains an N-terminal protein kinase C conserved 2 (C2) domain that targets cell membranes and is required for interactions with membrane-localized substrates such as RhoA. Here, we investigated the lipid-binding mechanism of Smurf1 C2, revealing a general affinity for anionic membranes in addition to a selective affinity for phosphoinositides (PIPs). We found that Smurf1 C2 localizes not only to the plasma membrane but also to negatively charged intracellular sites, acting as an anionic charge sensor and selective PIP-binding domain. Site-directed mutagenesis combined with docking/molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the Smurf1 C2 domain loop region primarily interacts with PIPs and cell membranes, as opposed to the β-surface cationic patch employed by other C2 domains. By depleting PIPs from the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, we found that PIP binding is necessary for plasma membrane localization. Finally, we used a Smurf1 cellular ubiquitination assay to show that the amount of ubiquitin at the plasma membrane interface depends on the lipid-binding properties of Smurf1. This study shows the mechanism by which Smurf1 C2 targets membrane-based substrates and reveals a novel interaction for non-calcium-dependent C2 domains and membrane lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L. Scott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (J.L.S.); (C.T.F.); (K.A.J.); (H.L.); (S.S.Y.); (A.G.V.); (O.W.)
| | - Cary T. Frick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (J.L.S.); (C.T.F.); (K.A.J.); (H.L.); (S.S.Y.); (A.G.V.); (O.W.)
| | - Kristen A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (J.L.S.); (C.T.F.); (K.A.J.); (H.L.); (S.S.Y.); (A.G.V.); (O.W.)
| | - Haining Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (J.L.S.); (C.T.F.); (K.A.J.); (H.L.); (S.S.Y.); (A.G.V.); (O.W.)
| | - Sylvia S. Yong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (J.L.S.); (C.T.F.); (K.A.J.); (H.L.); (S.S.Y.); (A.G.V.); (O.W.)
| | - Allyson G. Varney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (J.L.S.); (C.T.F.); (K.A.J.); (H.L.); (S.S.Y.); (A.G.V.); (O.W.)
| | - Olaf Wiest
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (J.L.S.); (C.T.F.); (K.A.J.); (H.L.); (S.S.Y.); (A.G.V.); (O.W.)
| | - Robert V. Stahelin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-765-494-4152
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16
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Abstract
Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1) and Smurf2 are HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligases, and both Smurfs were initially identified to regulate Smad protein stability in the TGF-β/BMP signaling pathway. In recent years, Smurfs have exhibited E3 ligase-dependent and -independent activities in various kinds of cells. Smurfs act as either potent tumor promoters or tumor suppressors in different tumors by regulating biological processes, including metastasis, apoptosis, cell cycle, senescence and genomic stability. The regulation of Smurfs activity and expression has therefore emerged as a hot spot in tumor biology research. Further, the Smurf1- or Smurf2-deficient mice provide more in vivo clues for the functional study of Smurfs in tumorigenesis and development. In this review, we summarize these milestone findings and, in turn, reveal new avenues for the prevention and treatment of cancer by regulating Smurfs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fu
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Chun-Ping Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Fengxian Central Hospital Graduate Training Base, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100850, China; Peixian People's Hospital, Jiangsu Province 221600, China.
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17
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Zhan F, Zhong Y, Qin Y, Li L, Wu W, Yao M. SND1 facilitates the invasion and migration of cervical cancer cells by Smurf1-mediated degradation of FOXA2. Exp Cell Res 2019; 388:111809. [PMID: 31891682 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing protein 1 (SND1) is known to be involved in the progression of a variety of human cancers. However, the role of SND1 in cervical cancer remains unclear. Here, we found that the expression of SND1 in cervical cancer tissue was higher than that in normal cervical tissue. Importantly, high SND1 expression was closely associated with tumorigenic phenotype and shorter survival among cervical cancer patients. Functional assays demonstrated that SND1 knockdown inhibited the migration and invasion capabilities of cervical cancer cells in vitro. Additionally, a xenograft assay showed that silencing SND1 in cervical cancer cells suppressed lung metastasis in vivo. Further investigation revealed that knockdown of SND1 inhibited epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cervical cancer cells by enhancing FOXA2 expression. Moreover, the pro-metastasis effect of SND1 in cervical cancer was at least in part dependent on FOXA2 inhibition. Mechanistically, we found that SND1-induced FOXA2 ubiquitination resulted in degradation, mediated by the E3 ligase enzyme Smurf1. In summary, SND1 plays a crucial role in cervical cancer metastasis, and we provide evidence that SND1 may serve as a prognostic and therapeutic target in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuliang Zhan
- Department of gynaecology and obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Yanying Zhong
- Department of gynaecology and obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Yunna Qin
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of obstetrics, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Wenwen Wu
- Department of gynaecology and obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Meizhen Yao
- Department of gynaecology and obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
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18
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Zhao Q, Lu F, Su Q, Liu Z, Xia X, Yan Z, Zhou F, Qin R. Knockdown of long noncoding RNA XIST mitigates the apoptosis and inflammatory injury of microglia cells after spinal cord injury through miR-27a/ Smurf1 axis. Neurosci Lett 2020; 715:134649. [PMID: 31778769 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neuropathological condition. Long noncoding RNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) is an acknowledged cancer-related gene and participates in the development of SCI. However, role of XIST in SCI remains to be well revealed. Expression of XIST, miRNA-27a-3p (miR-27a) and smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1) was detected using RT-qPCR and western blotting. Cell apoptosis and inflammatory injury were assessed by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, flow cytometry, western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relationship among miR-27a, XIST and Smurf1 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull-down assay. As a result, we observed higher level of XIST and Smurf1, but lower level of miR-27a in SCI rats and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary microglial cells. in vitro, LPS induced SCI microglia cells as described by decreased cell viability and B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression, and increased cell apoptosis rate, Bax and cleaved caspase 3 levels, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) secretions. in vivo, a T10 laminectomy caused SCI rats as evidenced by decreased Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan Locomotor Rating Scale (BBB) score and induced expression of Bax, cleaved caspase 3, TNF-α and IL-6. However, silencing of XIST could mitigate the apoptosis and inflammatory injury in LPS-induced microglia and SCI rats. Mechanically, miR-27a interacted with XIST and Smurf1 via target binding. Either miR-27a downregulation or Smurf1 overexpression partially reversed the role of XIST deletion in LPS-treated microglial cells. Collectively, knockdown of XIST could alleviate the apoptosis and inflammatory injury of SCI models in vitro and in vivo through directly modulating miR-27a/Smurf1 axis.
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19
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Seo D, Jung SM, Park JS, Lee J, Ha J, Kim M, Park SH. The deubiquitinating enzyme PSMD14 facilitates tumor growth and chemoresistance through stabilizing the ALK2 receptor in the initiation of BMP6 signaling pathway. EBioMedicine 2019; 49:55-71. [PMID: 31685442 PMCID: PMC7113187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) signaling pathway has been implicated in many types of cancer, its role of tumorigenesis seems to be controversial and its ubiquitin-modifying mechanisms have not been fully addressed. Our study was designed to investigate how BMP6 signaling pathway is regulated by ubiquitin-modifying systems and to address molecular and clinical significance in colorectal cancers. METHODS Human deubiquitnase (DUB) siRNA library was used to screen the specific DUB, named PSMD14, involved in BMP6 signaling pathway. Immunoblot, immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays were used to analyze targets of the PSMD14. A role of PSMD14-mediated BMP6 signaling pathway for malignant cancer progression was investigated using in vitro and in vivo model of colorectal cancers as well as clinical samples of colorectal cancer patients. FINDINGS The deubiquitinase PSMD14 acts as a positive regulator for the initiation of the BMP6 signaling pathway through deubiquitinating K48-linked ALK2 type I receptor ubiquitination mediated by Smurf1 E3 ligase, resulting in increased stability of the ALK2. This role of PSMD14 is independent of its intrinsic role in the 26S proteasome system. Furthermore, either PSMD14 or ALK2 depletion significantly decreases tumorigenesis of HCT116 colorectal cancer cells in a xenograft model as well as cancer stemness/chemoresistance, and expression of the PSMD14 and ALK2 gene are correlated with malignant progression and the survival of colorectal cancer patients. INTERPRETATION These findings suggest that the PSMD14-ALK2 axis plays an essential role in initiation of the BMP6 signaling pathway and contributes to tumorigenesis and chemoresistance of colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyeob Seo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Myung Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Ha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Minbeom Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hee Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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García-García P, Ruiz M, Reyes R, Delgado A, Évora C, Riancho JA, Rodríguez-Rey JC, Pérez-Campo FM. Smurf1 Silencing Using a LNA-ASOs/Lipid Nanoparticle System to Promote Bone Regeneration. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:1306-1317. [PMID: 31631568 PMCID: PMC6877774 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the great advance of bone tissue engineering in the last few years, repair of bone defects remains a major problem. Low cell engraftment and dose‐dependent side effects linked to the concomitant administration of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are the main problems currently hindering the clinical use of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐based therapies in this field. We have managed to bypass these drawbacks by combining the silencing the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase in MSCs with the use of a scaffold that sustainably releases low doses of BMP‐2. In this system, Smurf1 silencing is achieved by using GapmeRs, a clinically safe method that avoids the use of viral vectors, facilitating its translation to the clinic. Here, we show that a single transient transfection with a small quantity of a Smurf1‐specific GapmeR is able to induce a significant level of silencing of the target gene, enough to prime MSCs for osteogenic differentiation. Smurf1 silencing highly increases MSCs responsiveness to BMP‐2, allowing a dramatic reduction of the dose needed to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. The combination of these primed cells with alginate scaffolds designed to sustainably and locally release low doses of BMP‐2 to the defect microenvironment is able to induce the formation of a mature bone matrix both in an osteoporotic rat calvaria system and in a mouse ectopic model. Importantly, this approach also enhances osteogenic differentiation in MSCs from osteoporotic patients, characterized by a reduced bone‐forming potential, even at low BMP doses, underscoring the regenerative potential of this system. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:1306&1317 The BMP‐Smad signaling cascade is an effective therapeutic target to promote bone formation. Silencing of Smurf1, a known BMP signaling inhibitor, increases the responsiveness of Mesenchymal stem cells to BMP, allowing a dramatic reduction of the doses used in the clinic to promote bone formation and therefore, avoiding secondary effects associated to the use of these factors.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia García-García
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Mario Ruiz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Ricardo Reyes
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cellular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Araceli Delgado
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Carmen Évora
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - José Antonio Riancho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital U M Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - José Carlos Rodríguez-Rey
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Flor María Pérez-Campo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
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Huang Y, Yi X, Kang C, Wu C. Arp2/3-Branched Actin Maintains an Active Pool of GTP-RhoA and Controls RhoA Abundance. Cells 2019; 8:E1264. [PMID: 31623230 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Small GTPases regulate cytoskeletal dynamics, cell motility, and division under precise spatiotemporal control. Different small GTPases exhibit cross talks to exert feedback response or to act in concert during signal transduction. However, whether and how specific cytoskeletal components' feedback to upstream signaling factors remains largely elusive. Here, we report an intriguing finding that disruption of the Arp2/3-branched actin specifically reduces RhoA activity but upregulates its total protein abundance. We further dissect the mechanisms underlying these circumstances and identify the altered cortactin/p190RhoGAP interaction and weakened CCM2/Smurf1 binding to be involved in GTP-RhoA reduction and total RhoA increase, respectively. Moreover, we find that cytokinesis defects induced by Arp2/3 inhibition can be rescued by activating RhoA. Our study reveals an intricate feedback from the actin cytoskeleton to the small GTPase. Our work highlights the role of Arp2/3-branched actin in signal transduction aside from its function in serving as critical cytoskeletal components to maintain cell morphology and motility.
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Li D, Xu X, Miao J, Cai J. MicroRNA-125a inhibits tumorigenesis by targeting Smurf1 in colorectal carcinoma. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:1305-1314. [PMID: 31141316 PMCID: PMC6609577 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) may contribute to the initiation and development of multiple types of human cancer. Several miRNAs have been found to be strongly correlated with the diagnosis, progression, and prognosis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC), but the role of miR‐125a in CRC remains unclear. In the present study, the function of miR‐125a on the expression of Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1) was investigated in vitro and in vivo. We verified that Smurf1 is a downstream target gene of miR‐125a and is involved in miR‐125a‐mediated regulation of CT26 cell (colon cancer cell) proliferation and migration. Overexpression of miR‐125a suppresses CT26 cell growth by inhibiting cell proliferation. Additionally, wound healing assays were performed to show that overexpression of miR‐125a significantly reduced CT26 cell migration, which was reversed by overexpression of Smurf1. In vivo, miR‐125a overexpression downregulated the expression of Ki67 and Smurf1, thus leading to a marked reduction in tumor growth. These results revealed that miR‐125a plays a critical role in CRC by directly targeting Smurf1, a finding that may facilitate the development of improved diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbin Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiangmei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The No. 1 Hospital of Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jihao Miao
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianhui Cai
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,The Forth Department of General Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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Zhou J, Cheng H, Wang Z, Chen H, Suo C, Zhang H, Zhang J, Yang Y, Geng L, Gu M, Tan R. Bortezomib attenuates renal interstitial fibrosis in kidney transplantation via regulating the EMT induced by TNF-α- Smurf1-Akt-mTOR-P70S6K pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:5390-5402. [PMID: 31140729 PMCID: PMC6653435 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Allograft interstitial fibrosis was characterized by massive extracellular matrix deposition caused by activated fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is recognized as an important source of myofibroblasts contributing to the pathogenesis of allograft interstitial fibrosis. Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1) has been recently reported to be involved in the progression of EMT. Our study was to detect the effect of Bortezomib and Smurf1 in the EMT and allograft interstitial fibrosis. Biomarkers of EMT, as well as Smurf1, were examined in human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK‐2) treated with tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) in various doses or at various time points by Western Blotting or qRT‐PCR. We knockdown or overexpressed Smurf1 in HK‐2 cells. Furthermore, rat renal transplant model was established and intervened by Bortezomib. Allograft tissues from human and rats were also collected and prepared for HE, Masson's trichrome, immunohistochemical staining and western blotting assays. As a result, we found that TNF‐α significantly promoted the development of EMT in a time‐dependent and dose‐dependent manner through Smurf1/Akt/mTOR/P70S6K signalling pathway. More importantly, Bortezomib alleviated the progression of EMT and allograft interstitial fibrosis in vivo and in vitro by inhibiting the production of TNF‐α and expression of Smurf1. In conclusion, Smurf1 plays a critical role in the development of EMT induced by TNF‐α. Bortezomib can attenuate the Sumrf1‐mediated progression of EMT and renal allograft interstitial fibrosis, which could be suggested as a novel choice for the prevention and treatment of renal allograft interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Zhou
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zijie Wang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanjian Suo
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hengcheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhao Yang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Geng
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Gu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruoyun Tan
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Ma X, Wang D, Li N, Gao P, Zhang M, Zhang Y. Hippo kinase NDR2 inhibits IL-17 signaling by promoting Smurf1-mediated MEKK2 ubiquitination and degradation. Mol Immunol 2019; 105:131-6. [PMID: 30504095 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
NDR/LATS kinase family are conserved from yeast to man and their roles in inflammation remains largely unknown. In the present study, we show that knockdown of NDR2 significantly increases IL-17-induced IL-6, CXCL2 and CCL20 expression in Hela and HT-29 cells. Knockdown of NDR2 enhances IL-17-induced MAPK and NF-κB activation. NDR2 interacts with E3 ubiquitin protein ligase Smurf1, promotes Smurf1-mediated K48-linked ubiquitination of MEKK2 and inhibits expression of MEKK2. Consistently, knockdown of Smurf1 increases IL-17-induced IL-6, CXCL2 and CCL20 expression. On the other hand, overexpression of MEKK2 increases IL-17-induced IL-6 expression. These results suggest that NDR2 may play important roles in IL-17-associated inflammation by promoting Smurf1-mediated MEKK2 ubiquitination and degradation.
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25
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Kim KM, Jeon WJ, Kim EJ, Jang WG. CRTC2 suppresses BMP2-induced osteoblastic differentiation via Smurf1 expression in MC3T3-E1 cells. Life Sci 2018; 214:70-76. [PMID: 30449452 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein)-regulated transcription coactivator (CRTC2) has been reported to act as a coactivator of CREB during gluconeogenesis. The role of CRTC2 in osteoblastic differentiation has not yet been elucidated. The aim of this study is to identify the mechanism of CRTC2 in osteoblast differentiation. MAIN METHODS The mRNA expression was determined by RT-PCR and qPCR. Protein levels were measured using Western blot assay. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining was performed to evaluate ALP activity. Alizarin red S (ARS) staining was performed to measure extracellular mineralization. Transcriptional activity was detected using a luciferase assay. KEY FINDINGS In the present study, TNF-α was found to stimulate CRTC2 expression. However, TNF-α did not increase the gene expression of osteoblast differentiation markers and inhibited BMP2-induced osteoblastic differentiation. Overexpression of CRTC2 decreased the expression of osteogenic genes, ALP activity and extracellular matrix mineralization. Knockdown of CRTC2 restored BMP2-induced osteogenic gene expression and ALP activity. CRTC2 increased Smurf1 mRNA expression, Smurf 1 promoter activity, and protein level. Furthermore, Smurf 1 decreased Smad 1/5/9 protein levels. These results suggest that CRTC2 decreased BMP2-induced osteoblastic differentiation via Smurf 1 expression. SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicate that CRTC2 regulates the expression of Smurf1 in osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Min Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Anti-Aging, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Jin Jeon
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Anti-Aging, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Research Institute of Anti-Aging, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Department of Immunology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Gu Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Anti-Aging, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Protein ubiquitination is an evolutionary conserved highly-orchestrated enzymatic cascade essential for normal cellular functions and homeostasis maintenance. This pathway relies on a defined set of cellular enzymes, among them, substrate-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases (E3s). These ligases are the most critical players, as they define the spatiotemporal nature of ubiquitination and confer specificity to this cascade. Smurf1 and Smurf2 (Smurfs) are the C2-WW-HECT-domain E3 ubiquitin ligases, which recently emerged as important determinants of pivotal cellular processes. These processes include cell proliferation and differentiation, chromatin organization and dynamics, DNA damage response and genomic integrity maintenance, gene expression, cell stemness, migration, and invasion. All these processes are intimately connected and profoundly altered in cancer. Initially, Smurf proteins were identified as negative regulators of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathways. However, recent studies have extended the scope of Smurfs' biological functions beyond the BMP/TGF-β signaling regulation. Here, we provide a critical literature overview and updates on the regulatory roles of Smurfs in molecular and cell biology, with an emphasis on cancer. We also highlight the studies demonstrating the impact of Smurf proteins on tumor cell sensitivity to anticancer therapies. Further in-depth analyses of Smurfs' biological functions and influences on molecular pathways could provide novel therapeutic targets and paradigms for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Koganti
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Gal Levy-Cohen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Michael Blank
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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27
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Guo J, Qiu X, Zhang L, Wei R. Smurf1 regulates macrophage proliferation, apoptosis and migration via JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Mol Immunol 2018; 97:20-26. [PMID: 29550577 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Smad ubiquitylation regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1) has been identified to play a critical role in bone homeostasis, development, cell cycle regulation and tumorigenesis. However, the role of Smurf1 in macrophage proliferation, apoptosis and migration is still unclear. Here, we show that Smurf1 expression was elevated in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). And we found that knockdown of Smurf1 suppresses macrophage proliferation but promotes apoptosis and migration. Furthermore, JNK and p38 MAPK signaling were upregulated in Smurf1-depleted cells. And inhibition of JNK and p38 MAPK signaling in Smurf1 knockdown cells rescue the phenotypes of macrophage proliferation, apoptosis and migration. Therefore, our study suggests that Smurf1 is a new positive regulator for macrophage proliferation and apoptosis, but a negative regulator for macrophage migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; Department of Inorganic Non-metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiao Qiu
- Center for Drug Evaluation, China Food and Drug Administration, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese PLA 307 Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China; Biological Sample Bank, Chinese PLA 307 Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Rongfei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Li X, Dai X, Wan L, Inuzuka H, Sun L, North BJ. Smurf1 regulation of DAB2IP controls cell proliferation and migration. Oncotarget. 2016;7:26057-26069. [PMID: 27036023 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell proliferation, survival and migration are regulated by the deletion of ovarian carcinoma 2/disabled homolog 2 (DOC-2/DAB2) interacting protein (DAB2IP), a tumor suppressor that serves as a scaffold protein for H-Ras and TRAF2. Importantly, the oncogenic histone methyl-transferase EZH2 epigenetically down-regulates DAB2IP in a variety of tumors. Recently, we demonstrated that DAB2IP is negatively regulated by Akt-dependent phosphorylation and SCFFbw7-mediated degradation. Here, we further identify the oncoprotein Smurf1, an E3-ubiquitin ligase, as a novel negative regulator of DAB2IP. Smurf1-mediated cellular proliferation and migration are largely dependent on the presence of DAB2IP, suggesting that DAB2IP is a key effector molecule of Smurf1 oncogenic function. Additionally, we identify that similar to DAB2IP, Smurf1 is also a target of phosphorylation by both Akt1 and Akt2 kinases, which enhances Smurf1 abundance, leading to a reduction in DAB2IP. Given the role of DAB2IP in tumorigenesis and metastasis, our data identify Smurf1 as an upstream oncogenic factor that negatively regulates DAB2IP to govern aberrant cell growth and migration.
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Gong W, Chen Z, Zou Y, Zhang L, Huang J, Liu P, Huang H. CKIP-1 affects the polyubiquitination of Nrf2 and Keap1 via mediating Smurf1 to resist HG-induced renal fibrosis in GMCs and diabetic mice kidneys. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 115:338-350. [PMID: 29248720 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study indicated that Casein kinase 2 interacting protein-1 (CKIP-1) could promote the activation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/ antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway, playing a significant role in inhibiting the fibrosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Here, we investigated whether CKIP-1 affects the polyubiquitination of Nrf2 and its cytosolic inhibitor kelch like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) via mediating Smad ubiquitylation regulatory factor-1 (Smurf1) to promote the activation of the Nrf2/ARE signaling and resist high glucose (HG)-induced renal fibrosis in glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) and diabetic mice kidneys. Results showed that the expression of Smurf1 increased in HG-induced GMCs, with a paramount upregulation at 1h. Overexpression of wild-type Smurf1 plasmid further promoted the HG-induced the over-production of fibronectin (FN) and intercellular adhesionmolecule-1 (ICAM-1), and depletion of Smurf1 dramatically reduced the expression of FN and ICAM-1. Overexpression of CKIP-1 decreased the K48-linked polyubiquitination and increased the K63-linked polyubiquitination of Nrf2 as well as enhanced the K48-linked polyubiquitination and reduced K63-linked polyubiquitination of Keap1, promoting the activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway. Overexpression of Smurf1 increased the K48-linked polyubiquitination and decreased the K63-linked polyubiquitination of Nrf2, and down-regulated the K48-linked polyubiquitination and up-regulated the K63-linked polyubiquitination of Keap1, inhibiting the activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway. CKIP-1 promoted the degradation of Smurf1 by increasing the ubiquitination of Smurf1. Treatment of CKIP-1 adenovirus infection reduced the Smurf1 levels, promoted the activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway as well as suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and then improved the failure of renal function of diabetic mice. Experiments above suggested that CKIP-1 affects the polyubiquitination of Nrf2 and Keap1 and promotes the Nrf2-ARE pathway through down-regulating Smurf1 to resist HG-induced up-regulation of FN and ICAM-1 in GMCs and diabetic mice kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Gong
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhiquan Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yezi Zou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junying Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Heqing Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Yu H, Li D, Zhou P, Li W. Smurf1-positive expression indicates favorable survival for resected non-small cell lung cancer patients. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2018; 11:399-405. [PMID: 31938124 PMCID: PMC6957962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently studies have found that Smurf1 inhibits PIPKIγ-promoted lung cancer cell growth, tumorigenesis, and drug resistance through mediating the ubiquitination and degradation of PIPKIγi2. However, at present there is no study focused on the expression of Smurf1 protein as well as correlations among Smurf1 and lung cancer patients' survival. Therefore, we appraised Smurf1 expression by immmunohistochemistry and analyzed associations with prognosis in resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Overall, a number of 175 patients were enrolled in our study. We found that about 53 (30.2%) out of 175 NSCLC patients had Smurf1-pisitive expression. Smurf1-positive expression was significantly associated with lower lymph node metastasis (P=0.012). Smurf1-positive NSCLC patients had more favorable 5-year survival than patients with Smurf1-negative expression by univariate analysis (P=0.0002). Subgroup analysis found the same trend in lung adenocarcinoma (ADC, P=0.0006) other than lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, P=0.205). More interestingly, multivariate analysis also suggested that Smurf1-positive expression was significantly related to better overall survival (OS, P=0.003), independent of clinicopathological features and treatments of NSCLC patients. Unfortunately, we failed to observe statistically significant results when analyzed correlations among Smurf1 and NSCLC patients' progression-free survival (PFS, P=0.059). However, subgroup analysis revealed that Smurf1-positive patients had more favorable PFS for lung ADC patients (P=0.011) other than lung SCC (P=0.754). From the above, we guess that Smurf1 should be closely related to tumor metastasis and serve as an independent predictor of favorable prognosis in resected NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
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Chang H, Zhang J, Miao Z, Ding Y, Xu X, Zhao X, Xu P, Wang Q, Lin Y. Suppression of the Smurf1 Expression Inhibits Tumor Progression in Gliomas. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2018; 38:421-30. [PMID: 28321604 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma, one of the common malignant brain tumors, results in the highly death, but its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Smurf1, a member of Nedd4 family of HECT-type ligases, has been reported to contribute to tumorigenicity through several important biological pathways. Recently, it was also found to participate in modulate cellular processes, including morphogenesis, autophagy, growth, and cell migration. In this research, we reported the clinical guiding significance of the expression of Smurf1 in human glioma tissues and cell lines. Western blotting analysis discovered that the expression of Smurf1 was increased with WHO grade. Immunohistochemistry levels discovered that high expression of Smurf1 is closely consistent with poor prognosis of glioma. In addition, suppression of Smurf1 can reduce cell invasion and increase the E-cadherin expression, which is a marker of invasion. Our study firstly demonstrated that Smurf1 may promote glioma cell invasion and suppression of the Smurf1 may provide a novel treatment strategy for glioma.
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Franco LH, Nair VR, Scharn CR, Xavier RJ, Torrealba JR, Shiloh MU, Levine B. The Ubiquitin Ligase Smurf1 Functions in Selective Autophagy of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Anti-tuberculous Host Defense. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 21:59-72. [PMID: 28017659 PMCID: PMC5699477 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
During antibacterial autophagy, ubiquitination of intracellular bacteria recruits proteins that mediate bacterial delivery to the lysosome for degradation. Smurf1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase whose role in selective bacterial autophagy is unknown. We show that Smurf1 facilitates selective autophagy of the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Smurf1-/- macrophages are defective in recruiting polyubiquitin, the proteasome, the ubiquitin-binding autophagy adaptor NBR1, the autophagy protein LC3, and the lysosomal marker LAMP1 to Mtb-associated structures and are more permissive for Mtb growth. This function of Smurf1 requires both its ubiquitin-ligase and C2 phospholipid-binding domains, and involves K48- rather than K63-linked ubiquitination. Chronically infected Smurf1-/- mice have increased bacterial load, increased lung inflammation, and accelerated mortality. SMURF1 controls Mtb replication in human macrophages and associates with bacteria in lungs of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Thus, Smurf1 is required for selective autophagy of Mtb and host defense against tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis H Franco
- Center for Autophagy Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Vidhya R Nair
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Caitlyn R Scharn
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02142, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jose R Torrealba
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Michael U Shiloh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Beth Levine
- Center for Autophagy Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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Zhang Y, Wang C, Cao Y, Gu Y, Zhang L. Selective compounds enhance osteoblastic activity by targeting HECT domain of ubiquitin ligase Smurf1. Oncotarget 2017; 8:50521-33. [PMID: 28881580 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The HECT-type ubiquitin ligase Smurf1 (Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor-1) plays the prominent role in regulation of bone formation, embryonic development, and tumorigenesis by directing the ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of specific targets. In contrast with RING-type E3s, the catalytic HECT domain of Smurf1 firstly binds to and then transfers ubiquitin (Ub) molecules onto the substrates. The Smurf1-Ub interaction is required for Smurf1 catalytic ligase activity to promote substrate degradation. However, so far specific regulators or compounds controlling Smurf1-Ub interaction and the ligase activity have not been identified. Here we report two small molecule compounds targeting Ub binding region of HECT domain interrupt Smurf1-Ub contact, inhibit Smurf1 ligase activity and stabilize BMP signal components Smad1/5 protein level. Furthermore, these compounds increase BMP signal responsiveness and enhance osteoblastic activity in cultured cells. These findings provide a novel strategy through targeting Smurf1 ligase activity to potentially treat bone disorders such as osteoporosis.
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Li D, Xie P, Zhao F, Shu J, Li L, Zhan Y, Zhang L. F-box protein Fbxo3 targets Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase for ubiquitination and degradation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 458:941-5. [PMID: 25721664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated previously that F-box protein Fbxl15 targets HECT-type E3 Smurf1 and forms a functionally active SCF complex for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Here we show that another F-box protein Fbxo3, belonging to the FBXO type protein family, also interacts with and targets Smurf1 for poly-ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Different from Fbxl15, Fbxo3 targets all the Nedd4 family members for their degradation, indicating that Fbxo3 plays an important role in controlling the stability of Nedd4. Taken together, we show that Smurf1 is an endogenous substrate of Fbxo3. Our study gains further insight into the novel role of Fbxo3 in BMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongnian Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.1 Dongjiaominxiang, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shougang Hospital, No.9 Jinyuanzhuang Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Jingyi Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.1 Dongjiaominxiang, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yutao Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.1 Dongjiaominxiang, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China.
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Qi H, Jin M, Duan Y, Du X, Zhang Y, Ren F, Wang Y, Tian Q, Wang X, Wang Q, Zhu Y, Xie Y, Liu C, Cao X, Mishina Y, Chen D, Deng CX, Chang Z, Chen L. FGFR3 induces degradation of BMP type I receptor to regulate skeletal development. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014; 1843:1237-47. [PMID: 24657641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) play significant roles in vertebrate organogenesis and morphogenesis. FGFR3 is a negative regulator of chondrogenesis and multiple mutations with constitutive activity of FGFR3 result in achondroplasia, one of the most common dwarfisms in humans, but the molecular mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we found that chondrocyte-specific deletion of BMP type I receptor a (Bmpr1a) rescued the bone overgrowth phenotype observed in Fgfr3 deficient mice by reducing chondrocyte differentiation. Consistently, using in vitro chondrogenic differentiation assay system, we demonstrated that FGFR3 inhibited BMPR1a-mediated chondrogenic differentiation. Furthermore, we showed that FGFR3 hyper-activation resulted in impaired BMP signaling in chondrocytes of mouse growth plates. We also found that FGFR3 inhibited BMP-2- or constitutively activated BMPR1-induced phosphorylation of Smads through a mechanism independent of its tyrosine kinase activity. We found that FGFR3 facilitates BMPR1a to degradation through Smurf1-mediated ubiquitination pathway. We demonstrated that down-regulation of BMP signaling by BMPR1 inhibitor dorsomorphin led to the retardation of chondrogenic differentiation, which mimics the effect of FGF-2 on chondrocytes and BMP-2 treatment partially rescued the retarded growth of cultured bone rudiments from thanatophoric dysplasia type II mice. Our findings reveal that FGFR3 promotes the degradation of BMPR1a, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of FGFR3-related skeletal dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabing Qi
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair (CBMR), Trauma Center, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Min Jin
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair (CBMR), Trauma Center, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yaqi Duan
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair (CBMR), Trauma Center, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xiaolan Du
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair (CBMR), Trauma Center, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yuanquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fangli Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yinyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qingyun Tian
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine and NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair (CBMR), Trauma Center, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair (CBMR), Trauma Center, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair (CBMR), Trauma Center, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yangli Xie
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair (CBMR), Trauma Center, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Chuanju Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine and NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Chu-xia Deng
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 10/9N105, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhijie Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair (CBMR), Trauma Center, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
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Makioka K, Yamazaki T, Takatama M, Ikeda M, Okamoto K. Immunolocalization of Smurf1 in Hirano bodies. J Neurol Sci 2013; 336:24-8. [PMID: 24238996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1) is one of the E3 ubiquitin ligases and is related to multiple biological processes. Despite the various roles played by this protein, there is no report on the function of Smurf1 in neurodegeneration. Hirano bodies (HBs) are intracellular structures within neuronal processes and were first described in the hippocampus of individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and the parkinsonism-dementia complex of Guam. In addition, the number of HBs increases in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared with age-matched non-demented control individuals. In this study, we immunohistochemically demonstrated that Smurf1 localized in HBs in the brains of patients with AD by using plural anti-Smurf1 antibodies, and Smurf1 co-localized with HBs marker proteins by using confocal microscopy. Moreover, we demonstrated that Smurf1 localized in HB-like F-actin aggregates in a cell culture system via treatment with the actin-stabilizing toxin jasplakinolide (jpk). Smurf1 represents a novel protein component of HBs, to be included in an expanding list of HB-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Makioka
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan.
| | | | | | - Masaki Ikeda
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan; Geriatric Research Institute and Hospital, Gunma, Japan
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Abstract
The conserved polarity proteins Par6 and aPKC regulate cell polarization processes. However, increasing evidence also suggests that they play a role in oncogenic progression. During tumor progression, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) delineates an evolutionary conserved process that converts stationary epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells, which have an acquired ability for independent migration and invasion. In addition to signaling pathways that alter genetic programes that trigger the loss of cell-cell adhesion, alternative pathways can alter cell plasticity to regulate cell-cell cohesion and increase invasive potential. One such pathway involves TGFβ-induced phosphorylation of Par6. In epithelial cells, Par6 phosphorylation results in the dissolution of junctional complexes, cytoskeletal remodelling, and increased metastatic potential. Recently, we found that aPKC can also phosphorylate Par6 to drive EMT and increase the migratory potential of non-small cell lung cancer cells. This result has implications with respect to homeostatic and developmental processes involving polarization, and also with respect to cancer progression-particularly since aPKC has been reported to be an oncogenic regulator in various tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Gunaratne
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Western University; London, ON, Canada
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Wang X, Jin C, Tang Y, Tang LY, Zhang YE. Ubiquitination of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 4 (TRAF4) by Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 ( Smurf1) regulates motility of breast epithelial and cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:21784-92. [PMID: 23760265 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.472704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Smad ubiquitin regulatory factors (Smurfs) are HECT-domain ubiquitin E3 ligases that regulate diverse cellular processes, including normal and tumor cell migration. However, the underlying mechanism of the Smurfs' role in cell migration is not fully understood. Here we show that Smurf1 induces ubiquitination of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 4 (TRAF4) at K190. Using the K190R mutant of TRAF4, we demonstrate that Smurf1-induced ubiquitination is required for proper localization of TRAF4 to tight junctions in confluent epithelial cells. We further show that TRAF4 is essential for the migration of both normal mammary epithelial and breast cancer cells. The ability of TRAF4 to promote cell migration is also dependent on Smurf1-mediated ubiquitination, which is associated with Rac1 activation by TRAF4. These results reveal a new regulatory circuit for cell migration, consisting of Smurf1-mediated ubiquitination of TRAF4 and Rac1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchun Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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