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Bradshaw WJ, Kennedy EC, Moreira T, Smith LA, Chalk R, Katis VL, Benesch JLP, Brennan PE, Murphy EJ, Gileadi O. Regulation of inositol 5-phosphatase activity by the C2 domain of SHIP1 and SHIP2. Structure 2024; 32:453-466.e6. [PMID: 38309262 PMCID: PMC10997489 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
SHIP1, an inositol 5-phosphatase, plays a central role in cellular signaling. As such, it has been implicated in many conditions. Exploiting SHIP1 as a drug target will require structural knowledge and the design of selective small molecules. We have determined apo, and magnesium and phosphate-bound structures of the phosphatase and C2 domains of SHIP1. The C2 domains of SHIP1 and the related SHIP2 modulate the activity of the phosphatase domain. To understand the mechanism, we performed activity assays, hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, and molecular dynamics on SHIP1 and SHIP2. Our findings demonstrate that the influence of the C2 domain is more pronounced for SHIP2 than SHIP1. We determined 91 structures of SHIP1 with fragments bound, with some near the interface between the two domains. We performed a mass spectrometry screen and determined four structures with covalent fragments. These structures could act as starting points for the development of potent, selective probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Bradshaw
- ARUK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK.
| | - Emma C Kennedy
- ARUK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Tiago Moreira
- ARUK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Luke A Smith
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Rod Chalk
- ARUK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Vittorio L Katis
- ARUK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Justin L P Benesch
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Paul E Brennan
- ARUK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Emma J Murphy
- ARUK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Opher Gileadi
- ARUK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK.
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Jayarajan RO, Chakraborty S, Raghu KG, Purushothaman J, Veleri S. Joubert syndrome causing mutation in C2 domain of CC2D2A affects structural integrity of cilia and cellular signaling molecules. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:619-637. [PMID: 38231387 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06762-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Cilia are organelles extend from cells to sense external signals for tuning intracellular signaling for optimal cellular functioning. They have evolved sensory and motor roles in various cells for tissue organization and homeostasis in development and post-development. More than a thousand genes are required for cilia function. Mutations in them cause multisystem disorders termed ciliopathies. The null mutations in CC2D2A result in Meckel syndrome (MKS), which is embryonic lethal, whereas patients who have missense mutations in the C2 domain of CC2D2A display Joubert syndrome (JBTS). They survive with blindness and mental retardation. How C2 domain defects cause disease conditions is not understood. To answer this question, C2 domain of Cc2d2a (mice gene) was knocked down (KD) in IMCD-3 cells by shRNA. This resulted in defective cilia morphology observed by immunofluorescence analysis. To further probe the cellular signaling alteration in affected cells, gene expression profiling was done by RNAseq and compared with the controls. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) have functions in cilia. Among the 61 cilia DEGs identified, 50 genes were downregulated and 11 genes were upregulated. These cilia genes are involved in cilium assembly, protein trafficking to the cilium, intraflagellar transport (IFT), cellular signaling like polarity patterning, and Hedgehog signaling pathway. This suggests that the C2 domain of CC2D2A plays a critical role in cilia assembly and molecular signaling hosted in cilia for cellular homeostasis. Taken together, the missense mutations in the C2 domain of CC2D2A seen in JBTS might have affected cilia-mediated signaling in neurons of the retina and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopasree O Jayarajan
- Agro-processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Soura Chakraborty
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Kozhiparambil Gopalan Raghu
- Agro-processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Jayamurthy Purushothaman
- Agro-processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shobi Veleri
- Drug Safety Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
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Maguire S, Scheibe C, Eisgruber T, Mosesso N, Isono E, Hauser K. Membrane-specific and calcium-dependent binding of the Arabidopsis C2 domain protein CaLB revealed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 307:123629. [PMID: 37995652 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
C2 domain-containing proteins bind to cellular membranes and mediate diverse cellular processes. Although many of these membrane-interacting proteins have been identified, the molecular mechanisms of protein-membrane interactions and conformational dynamics are often poorly understood and remain to be investigated with appropriate methods. Here, we used attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and biomimetic membrane systems to analyse CalB, a yet uncharacterized Arabidopsis C2 domain protein. We studied membrane binding, lipid specificity and calcium dependency with solid-supported lipid membranes (SSLB) and small unilamellar lipid vesicles (SUVs). Membranes were composed of pure POPC lipids or of POPC/PI(3)P lipid mixtures. A significantly increased protein binding affinity was observed with membranes containing 1% PI(3)P indicating the high binding specificity of CaLB for PI(3)P. Furthermore, membrane binding occurs in a calcium-dependent manner with a higher calcium concentration increasing the binding of CaLB to the POPC/PI(3)P membrane. Secondary structure analysis of IR-spectra reveals that only minor conformational changes take place upon binding with a slight increase in the helical and disordered regions of CaLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Maguire
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christian Scheibe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Terese Eisgruber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Niccolò Mosesso
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Erika Isono
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Karin Hauser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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Mizumachi K, Nakajima Y, Shimonishi N, Furukawa S, Ogiwara K, Takeyama M, Nogami K. Hybrid human-porcine factor VIII proteins partially escape the inhibitory effects of anti-factor VIII inhibitor alloantibodies having A2 or C2 domain specificity. Haemophilia 2024; 30:140-150. [PMID: 38058226 DOI: 10.1111/hae.14911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Porcine factor (pF)VIII has low cross-reactivity with anti-human (h)FVIII inhibitor alloantibodies. Clinical trials of pFVIII in congenital haemophilia A patients with inhibitor (PwHA-I) are in progress. Most polyclonal anti-hFVIII inhibitors recognize its A2 and/or C2 domain(s), and recombinant human-porcine hybrid (hp)FVIII proteins may escape neutralization by these inhibitors. AIM To evaluate the ability of hpFVIII to limit the anti-FVIII activity of inhibitor alloantibodies. METHODS Three hybrid proteins were created by substituting the hFVIII A2, C2 domain or both with the corresponding domains of pFVIII [termed hp(A2), hp(C2) and hp(A2/C2), respectively]. The reactivity of these hybrids was assessed by one-stage clotting assays (OSA), thrombin generation assays (TGA) and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) by adding them to FVIII-deficient samples. RESULTS OSA demonstrated that the hybrid proteins avoided neutralization by anti-FVIII A2 or C2 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and polyclonal inhibitor-antibodies (polyAb) from PwHA-I. In TGA, thrombin generation with hp(A2) and hp(A2/C2) was not attenuated in the presence of patient IgG recognizing anti-A2 domain. In contrast, that with hFVIII and hp(C2) was suppressed by this IgG to levels equivalent to those of FVIII-deficient plasma. With anti-A2/C2 polyAb, the activity of hp(A2/C2) was unaffected. ROTEM demonstrated that the addition of hp(A2) or hp(A2/C2) to anti-A2 polyAb shortened clot times/clot formation times, whilst hFVIII or hp(C2) were ineffective. Similarly with anti-A2/C2 polyAb, hp(A2/C2) restored coagulation potential to a greater extent than hp(A2) and hp(C2). CONCLUSION Hybrid FVIII proteins containing porcine FVIII A2 and/or C2 domain(s) could support effective therapy in PwHA-I by avoiding neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuto Nakajima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
- Advanced Medical Science of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Naruto Shimonishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
- The Course of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Shoko Furukawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ogiwara
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takeyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Keiji Nogami
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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Kwok E, Otto SC, Khuu P, Carpenter AP, Codding SJ, Reardon PN, Vanegas J, Kumar TM, Kuykendall CJ, Mehl RA, Baio J, Johnson CP. The Dysferlin C2A Domain Binds PI(4,5)P2 and Penetrates Membranes. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168193. [PMID: 37406927 PMCID: PMC10699586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Dysferlin is a large membrane protein found most prominently in striated muscle. Loss of dysferlin activity is associated with reduced exocytosis, abnormal intracellular Ca2+ and the muscle diseases limb-girdle muscular dystrophy and Miyoshi myopathy. The cytosolic region of dysferlin consists of seven C2 domains with mutations in the C2A domain at the N-terminus resulting in pathology. Despite the importance of Ca2+ and membrane binding activities of the C2A domain for dysferlin function, the mechanism of the domain remains poorly characterized. In this study we find that the C2A domain preferentially binds membranes containing PI(4,5)P2 through an interaction mediated by residues Y23, K32, K33, and R77 on the concave face of the domain. We also found that subsequent to membrane binding, the C2A domain inserts residues on the Ca2+ binding loops into the membrane. Analysis of solution NMR measurements indicate that the domain inhabits two distinct structural states, with Ca2+ shifting the population between states towards a more rigid structure with greater affinity for PI(4,5)P2. Based on our results, we propose a mechanism where Ca2+ converts C2A from a structurally dynamic, low PI(4,5)P2 affinity state to a high affinity state that targets dysferlin to PI(4,5)P2 enriched membranes through interaction with Tyr23, K32, K33, and R77. Binding also involves changes in lipid packing and insertion by the third Ca2+ binding loop of the C2 domain into the membrane, which would contribute to dysferlin function in exocytosis and Ca2+ regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethiene Kwok
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Shauna C Otto
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Patricia Khuu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Andrew P Carpenter
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Sara J Codding
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | | | - Juan Vanegas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Tanushri M Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Chapman J Kuykendall
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Ryan A Mehl
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Joe Baio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Colin P Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Xiao J, Meng X, Chen K, Wang J, Wu L, Chen Y, Yu X, Feng J, Li Z. Down-Regulation of Double C2 Domain Alpha Promotes the Formation of Hyperplastic Nerve Fibers in Aganglionic Segments of Hirschsprung’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810204. [PMID: 36142117 PMCID: PMC9499397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hirschsprung’s disease (HSCR) is a common developmental anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract in children. The most significant characteristics of aganglionic segments in HSCR are hyperplastic extrinsic nerve fibers and the absence of endogenous ganglion plexus. Double C2 domain alpha (DOC2A) is mainly located in the nucleus and is involved in Ca2+-dependent neurotransmitter release. The loss function of DOC2A influences postsynaptic protein synthesis, dendrite morphology, postsynaptic receptor density and synaptic plasticity. It is still unknown why hyperplastic extrinsic nerve fibers grow into aganglionic segments in HSCR. We detected the expression of DOC2A in HSCR aganglionic segment colons and established three DOC2A-knockdown models in the Neuro-2a cell line, neural spheres and zebrafish separately. First, we detected the protein and mRNA expression of DOC2A and found that DOC2A was negatively correlated with AChE+ grades. Second, in the Neuro-2a cell lines, we found that the amount of neurite outgrowth and mean area per cell were significantly increased, which suggested that the inhibition of DOC2A promotes nerve fiber formation and the neuron’s polarity. In the neural spheres, we found that the DOC2A knockdown was manifested by a more obvious connection of nerve fibers in neural spheres. Then, we knocked down Doc2a in zebrafish and found that the down-regulation of Doc2a accelerates the formation of hyperplastic nerve fibers in aganglionic segments in zebrafish. Finally, we detected the expression of MUNC13-2 (UNC13B), which was obviously up-regulated in Grade3/4 (lower DOC2A expression) compared with Grade1/2 (higher DOC2A expression) in the circular muscle layer and longitudinal muscle layer. The expression of UNC13B was up-regulated with the knocking down of DOC2A, and there were protein interactions between DOC2A and UNC13B. The down-regulation of DOC2A may be an important factor leading to hyperplastic nerve fibers in aganglionic segments of HSCR. UNC13B seems to be a downstream molecule to DOC2A, which may participate in the spasm of aganglionic segments of HSCR patient colons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung’s Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xinyao Meng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung’s Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung’s Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung’s Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Luyao Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung’s Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yingjian Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Xiaosi Yu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung’s Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiexiong Feng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung’s Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
- Correspondence: (J.F.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung’s Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
- Correspondence: (J.F.); (Z.L.)
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Zhao Y, Qin Q, Chen L, Long Y, Song N, Jiang H, Si W. Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of multiple C2 domain and transmembrane region proteins in maize. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:388. [PMID: 35922779 PMCID: PMC9347167 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03771-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple C2 domain and transmembrane region proteins (MCTPs) are evolutionarily conserved and important signaling molecules. However, the MCTP gene family has not been comprehensively analyzed in maize. RESULTS In this study, 385 MCTP genes were identified in all surveyed 38 species. Moreover, gene duplication mode exploration showed that whole genome duplication (WGD) mainly contributed to the expansion of MCTP genes in angiosperms. Phylogeny reconstruction with all surveyed species by the maximum-likelihood (ML) method showed five clades of MCTPs, Clades I to V. Each clade of MCTPs had conservative structures and motifs. Focusing on maize, 17 MCTPs were identified, and a neighborjoining (NJ) phylogenetic tree with only ZmMCTPs was also constructed. As expected, 17 MCTPs showed similar phylogenetic relationships in the neighbor-joining (NJ) tree with those in the maximum-likelihood (ML) tree and could also be divided into five subclades. Moreover, ZmMCTP members in different clades showed specific gene structure, conserved motif, and domain structure compositions. Intriguingly, most ZmMCTP genes were intronless. Analyses of isoelectric points (pIs) and grand averages of hydropathicity (GRAVYs) indicated that the N-terminus was more dispersive than the C-terminus. Further tissue-specific expression analysis indicated that duplicated ZmMCTP pairs involved in whole genome duplication (WGD) had similar expression trends. Finally, ZmMCTPs were transcriptionally altered under diverse abiotic stresses and hormone treatments. CONCLUSIONS Our results contribute to deciphering the evolutionary history of MCTPs in maize and other plants, facilitating further functional analysis of these factors, and provide a basis for further clarification of the molecular mechanism of stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Qianqian Qin
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Li Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yun Long
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Nannan Song
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Weina Si
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Wu Z, Ma L, Courtney NA, Zhu J, Landajuela A, Zhang Y, Chapman ER, Karatekin E. Polybasic Patches in Both C2 Domains of Synaptotagmin-1 Are Required for Evoked Neurotransmitter Release. J Neurosci 2022; 42:5816-5829. [PMID: 35701163 PMCID: PMC9337609 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1385-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptotagmin-1 (Syt1) is a vesicular calcium sensor required for synchronous neurotransmitter release, composed of a single-pass transmembrane domain linked to two C2 domains (C2A and C2B) that bind calcium, acidic lipids, and SNARE proteins that drive fusion of the synaptic vesicle with the plasma membrane. Despite its essential role, how Syt1 couples calcium entry to synchronous release is poorly understood. Calcium binding to C2B is critical for synchronous release, and C2B additionally binds the SNARE complex. The C2A domain is also required for Syt1 function, but it is not clear why. Here, we asked what critical feature of C2A may be responsible for its functional role and compared this to the analogous feature in C2B. We focused on highly conserved poly-lysine patches located on the sides of C2A (K189-192) and C2B (K324-327). We tested effects of charge-neutralization mutations in either region (Syt1K189-192A and Syt1K326-327A) side by side to determine their relative contributions to Syt1 function in cultured cortical neurons from mice of either sex and in single-molecule experiments. Combining electrophysiological recordings and optical tweezers measurements to probe dynamic single C2 domain-membrane interactions, we show that both C2A and C2B polybasic patches contribute to membrane binding, and both are required for evoked release. The size of the readily releasable vesicle pool and the rate of spontaneous release were unaffected, so both patches are likely required specifically for synchronization of release. We suggest these patches contribute to cooperative membrane binding, increasing the overall affinity of Syt1 for negatively charged membranes and facilitating evoked release.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Synaptotagmin-1 is a vesicular calcium sensor required for synchronous neurotransmitter release. Its tandem cytosolic C2 domains (C2A and C2B) bind calcium, acidic lipids, and SNARE proteins that drive fusion of the synaptic vesicle with the plasma membrane. How calcium binding to Synaptotagmin-1 leads to release and the relative contributions of the C2 domains are unclear. Combining electrophysiological recordings from cultured neurons and optical tweezers measurements of single C2 domain-membrane interactions, we show that conserved polybasic regions in both domains contribute to membrane binding cooperatively, and both are required for evoked release, likely by increasing the overall affinity of Synaptotagmin-1 for acidic membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyong Wu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516
| | - Lu Ma
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Nicholas A Courtney
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516
| | - Ane Landajuela
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516
| | - Yongli Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
- Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Edwin R Chapman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Erdem Karatekin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516
- Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
- Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8003, 75270 Paris, France
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Gavini CK, White CR, Mansuy-Aubert V, Aubert G. Loss of C2 Domain Protein (C2CD5) Alters Hypothalamic Mitochondrial Trafficking, Structure, and Function. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 112:324-337. [PMID: 34034255 DOI: 10.1159/000517273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondria are essential organelles required for several cellular processes ranging from ATP production to cell maintenance. To provide energy, mitochondria are transported to specific cellular areas in need. Mitochondria also need to be recycled. These mechanisms rely heavily on trafficking events. While mechanisms are still unclear, hypothalamic mitochondria are linked to obesity. METHODS We used C2 domain protein 5 (C2CD5, also called C2 domain-containing phosphoprotein [CDP138]) whole-body KO mice primary neuronal cultures and cell lines to perform electron microscopy, live cellular imaging, and oxygen consumption assay to better characterize mitochondrial alteration linked to C2CD5. RESULTS This study identified that C2CD5 is necessary for proper mitochondrial trafficking, structure, and function in the hypothalamic neurons. We previously reported that mice lacking C2CD5 were obese and displayed reduced functional G-coupled receptor, melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) at the surface of hypothalamic neurons. Our data suggest that in neurons, normal MC4R endocytosis/trafficking necessities functional mitochondria. DISCUSSION Our data show that C2CD5 is a new protein necessary for normal mitochondrial function in the hypothalamus. Its loss alters mitochondrial ultrastructure, localization, and activity within the hypothalamic neurons. C2CD5 may represent a new protein linking hypothalamic dysfunction, mitochondria, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya K Gavini
- Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Chelsea R White
- Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Virginie Mansuy-Aubert
- Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Gregory Aubert
- Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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10
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Schwäbe FV, Peter EK, Taft MH, Manstein DJ. Assessment of the Contribution of a Thermodynamic and Mechanical Destabilization of Myosin-Binding Protein C Domain C2 to the Pathomechanism of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy-Causing Double Mutation MYBPC3Δ25bp/D389V. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111949. [PMID: 34769381 PMCID: PMC8584774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding cardiac myosin-binding protein-C (MyBPC), a thick filament assembly protein that stabilizes sarcomeric structure and regulates cardiac function, are a common cause for the development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. About 10% of carriers of the Δ25bp variant of MYBPC3, which is common in individuals from South Asia, are also carriers of the D389V variant on the same allele. Compared with noncarriers and those with MYBPC3Δ25bp alone, indicators for the development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy occur with increased frequency in MYBPC3Δ25bp/D389V carriers. Residue D389 lies in the IgI-like C2 domain that is part of the N-terminal region of MyBPC. To probe the effects of mutation D389V on structure, thermostability, and protein–protein interactions, we produced and characterized wild-type and mutant constructs corresponding to the isolated 10 kDa C2 domain and a 52 kDa N-terminal fragment that includes subdomains C0 to C2. Our results show marked reductions in the melting temperatures of D389V mutant constructs. Interactions of construct C0–C2 D389V with the cardiac isoforms of myosin-2 and actin remain unchanged. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal changes in the stiffness and conformer dynamics of domain C2 caused by mutation D389V. Our results suggest a pathomechanism for the development of HCM based on the toxic buildup of misfolded protein in young MYBPC3Δ25bp/D389V carriers that is supplanted and enhanced by C-zone haploinsufficiency at older ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic V. Schwäbe
- Fritz Hartmann Centre for Medical Research, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.V.S.); (E.K.P.); (M.H.T.)
| | - Emanuel K. Peter
- Fritz Hartmann Centre for Medical Research, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.V.S.); (E.K.P.); (M.H.T.)
| | - Manuel H. Taft
- Fritz Hartmann Centre for Medical Research, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.V.S.); (E.K.P.); (M.H.T.)
| | - Dietmar J. Manstein
- Fritz Hartmann Centre for Medical Research, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.V.S.); (E.K.P.); (M.H.T.)
- Division for Structural Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
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11
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Joshi AS, Ragusa JV, Prinz WA, Cohen S. Multiple C2 domain-containing transmembrane proteins promote lipid droplet biogenesis and growth at specialized endoplasmic reticulum subdomains. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:1147-1157. [PMID: 33826368 PMCID: PMC8351558 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-09-0590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are neutral lipid-containing organelles enclosed in a single monolayer of phospholipids. LD formation begins with the accumulation of neutral lipids within the bilayer of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. It is not known how the sites of formation of nascent LDs in the ER membrane are determined. Here we show that multiple C2 domain-containing transmembrane proteins, MCTP1 and MCTP2, are at sites of LD formation in specialized ER subdomains. We show that the transmembrane domain (TMD) of these proteins is similar to a reticulon homology domain. Like reticulons, these proteins tubulate the ER membrane and favor highly curved regions of the ER. Our data indicate that the MCTP TMDs promote LD biogenesis, increasing LD number. MCTPs colocalize with seipin, a protein involved in LD biogenesis, but form more stable microdomains in the ER. The MCTP C2 domains bind charged lipids and regulate LD size, likely by mediating ER-LD contact sites. Together, our data indicate that MCTPs form microdomains within ER tubules that regulate LD biogenesis, size, and ER-LD contacts. Interestingly, MCTP punctae colocalized with other organelles as well, suggesting that these proteins may play a general role in linking tubular ER to organelle contact sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit S. Joshi
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37916
| | - Joey V. Ragusa
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - William A. Prinz
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Sarah Cohen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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12
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Chatterjee M, Meeks S, Novakovic VA, Gilbert GE. Discordance between platelet-supported and vesicle-supported factor VIII activity in the presence of anti-C2 domain inhibitory antibodies. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:3184-3193. [PMID: 32558078 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently reported that factor VIII (FVIII) binds to a macromolecular complex including fibrin on thrombin-stimulated platelets and that two antibodies against FVIII diminish platelet-supported FVIII activity more than vesicle-supported activity. The C2 domain of FVIII is known to bind to phospholipid membrane and also binds fibrin. OBJECTIVES We asked whether the degree of inhibition by anti-C2 antibodies would show differences between platelet-supported and the standard activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) assay. METHODS We evaluated the inhibition by a well-defined panel of monoclonal anti-C2 domain antibodies encompassing the major epitopes of the C2 domain. Activity was measured in an activated platelet time (aPT) assay containing fresh, density gradient-purified human platelets. RESULTS The aPT exhibited a log-linear relationship between FVIII and time to fibrin formation over a 4-log range, encompassing 0.01% to 100% plasma FVIII. Nine of 10 mAbs inhibited 89% to 96% of FVIII activity, whereas mAb F85 did not. There was no correlation between the degree of inhibition in the aPTT-based assay and the platelet assay. In particular, four mAbs did not inhibit the aPTT assay, yet inhibited 90% of platelet-based activity. Residual FVIII activity in purified-protein assays, relying on platelets, correlated with the aPT assay. CONCLUSIONS The degree of FVIII impairment by some inhibitor antibodies is substantially different on platelet membranes vs synthetic vesicles. Thus, current inhibitor assays may underestimate the frequency of significant inhibitors, and a platelet-based assay may more accurately assess bleeding risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumouli Chatterjee
- Departments of Medicine & Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shannon Meeks
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare Atlanta/Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorder Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Valerie A Novakovic
- Departments of Medicine & Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gary E Gilbert
- Departments of Medicine & Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Tripathi A, Jain M, Chandra M, Parveen S, Yadav R, Collins BM, Maiti S, Datta S. EhC2B, a C2 domain-containing protein, promotes erythrophagocytosis in Entamoeba histolytica via actin nucleation. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008489. [PMID: 32365140 PMCID: PMC7197785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton in response to external stimuli is obligatory for many cellular processes in the amoebic cell. A rapid and local rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton is required for the development of the cellular protrusions during phagocytosis, trogocytosis, migration, and invasion. Here, we demonstrated that EhC2B, a C2 domain-containing protein, is an actin modulator. EhC2B was first identified as an effector of EhRab21 from E. histolytica. In vitro interaction studies including GST pull-down, fluorescence-based assay and ITC also corroborated with our observation. In the amoebic trophozoites, EhC2B accumulates at the pseudopods and the tips of phagocytic cups. FRAP based studies confirmed the recruitment and dynamics of EhC2B at the phagocytic cup. Moreover, we have shown the role of EhC2B in erythrophagocytosis. It is well known that calcium-dependent signal transduction is essential for the cytoskeletal dynamics during phagocytosis in the amoebic parasite. Using liposome pelleting assay, we demonstrated that EhC2B preferentially binds to the phosphatidylserine in the presence of calcium. The EhC2B mutants defective in calcium or lipid-binding failed to localise beneath the plasma membrane. The cells overexpressing these mutants have also shown a significant reduction in erythrophagocytosis. The role of EhC2B in erythrophagocytosis and pseudopod formation was also validated by siRNA-based gene knockdown approach. Finally, with the help of in vitro nucleation assay using fluorescence spectroscopy and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, we have established that EhC2B is an actin nucleator. Collectively, based on the results from the study, we propose that EhC2B acts like a molecular bridge which promotes membrane deformation via its actin nucleation activity during the progression of the phagocytic cup in a calcium-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashutosh Tripathi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Megha Jain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Mintu Chandra
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Sameena Parveen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Rupali Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Brett M. Collins
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Sankar Maiti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Sunando Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
- * E-mail:
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14
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Ward KE, Sengupta R, Ropa JP, Amiar S, Stahelin RV. The Cytosolic Phospholipase A 2α N-terminal C2 Domain Binds and Oligomerizes on Membranes with Positive Curvature. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040647. [PMID: 32331436 PMCID: PMC7226022 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Group IV phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) regulates the production of prostaglandins and leukotrienes via the formation of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids. The targeting and membrane binding of cPLA2α to the Golgi involves the N-terminal C2 domain, whereas the catalytic domain produces arachidonic acid. Although most studies of cPLA2α concern its catalytic activity, it is also linked to homeostatic processes involving the generation of vesicles that traffic material from the Golgi to the plasma membrane. Here we investigated how membrane curvature influences the homeostatic role of cPLA2α in vesicular trafficking. The cPLA2α C2 domain is known to induce changes in positive membrane curvature, a process which is dependent on cPLA2α membrane penetration. We showed that cPLA2α undergoes C2 domain-dependent oligomerization on membranes in vitro and in cells. We found that the association of the cPLA2α C2 domain with membranes is limited to membranes with positive curvature, and enhanced C2 domain oligomerization was observed on vesicles ~50 nm in diameter. We demonstrated that the cPLA2α C2 domain localizes to cholesterol enriched Golgi-derived vesicles independently of cPLA2α catalytic activity. Moreover, we demonstrate the C2 domain selectively localizes to lipid droplets whereas the full-length enzyme to a much lesser extent. Our results therefore provide novel insight into the molecular forces that mediate C2 domain-dependent membrane localization in vitro and in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Ward
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46556, USA; (K.E.W.); (J.P.R.)
| | - Ranjan Sengupta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; (R.S.); (S.A.)
| | - James P. Ropa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46556, USA; (K.E.W.); (J.P.R.)
| | - Souad Amiar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; (R.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Robert V. Stahelin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; (R.S.); (S.A.)
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +01-765-494-4152
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15
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Scott JL, Frick CT, Johnson KA, Liu H, Yong SS, Varney AG, Wiest O, Stahelin RV. Molecular Analysis of Membrane Targeting by the C2 Domain of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Smurf1. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020229. [PMID: 32033048 PMCID: PMC7072158 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SMAD ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1) is a Nedd4 family E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates cell motility, polarity and TGFβ signaling. Smurf1 contains an N-terminal protein kinase C conserved 2 (C2) domain that targets cell membranes and is required for interactions with membrane-localized substrates such as RhoA. Here, we investigated the lipid-binding mechanism of Smurf1 C2, revealing a general affinity for anionic membranes in addition to a selective affinity for phosphoinositides (PIPs). We found that Smurf1 C2 localizes not only to the plasma membrane but also to negatively charged intracellular sites, acting as an anionic charge sensor and selective PIP-binding domain. Site-directed mutagenesis combined with docking/molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the Smurf1 C2 domain loop region primarily interacts with PIPs and cell membranes, as opposed to the β-surface cationic patch employed by other C2 domains. By depleting PIPs from the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, we found that PIP binding is necessary for plasma membrane localization. Finally, we used a Smurf1 cellular ubiquitination assay to show that the amount of ubiquitin at the plasma membrane interface depends on the lipid-binding properties of Smurf1. This study shows the mechanism by which Smurf1 C2 targets membrane-based substrates and reveals a novel interaction for non-calcium-dependent C2 domains and membrane lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L. Scott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (J.L.S.); (C.T.F.); (K.A.J.); (H.L.); (S.S.Y.); (A.G.V.); (O.W.)
| | - Cary T. Frick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (J.L.S.); (C.T.F.); (K.A.J.); (H.L.); (S.S.Y.); (A.G.V.); (O.W.)
| | - Kristen A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (J.L.S.); (C.T.F.); (K.A.J.); (H.L.); (S.S.Y.); (A.G.V.); (O.W.)
| | - Haining Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (J.L.S.); (C.T.F.); (K.A.J.); (H.L.); (S.S.Y.); (A.G.V.); (O.W.)
| | - Sylvia S. Yong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (J.L.S.); (C.T.F.); (K.A.J.); (H.L.); (S.S.Y.); (A.G.V.); (O.W.)
| | - Allyson G. Varney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (J.L.S.); (C.T.F.); (K.A.J.); (H.L.); (S.S.Y.); (A.G.V.); (O.W.)
| | - Olaf Wiest
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (J.L.S.); (C.T.F.); (K.A.J.); (H.L.); (S.S.Y.); (A.G.V.); (O.W.)
| | - Robert V. Stahelin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-765-494-4152
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Smith IW, d’Aquino AE, Coyle CW, Fedanov A, Parker ET, Denning G, Spencer HT, Lollar P, Doering CB, Spiegel PC. The 3.2 Å structure of a bioengineered variant of blood coagulation factor VIII indicates two conformations of the C2 domain. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:57-69. [PMID: 31454152 PMCID: PMC6940532 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coagulation factor VIII represents one of the oldest protein-based therapeutics, serving as an effective hemophilia A treatment for half a century. Optimal treatment consists of repeated intravenous infusions of blood coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) per week for life. Despite overall treatment success, significant limitations remain, including treatment invasiveness, duration, immunogenicity, and cost. These issues have inspired research into the development of bioengineered FVIII products and gene therapies. OBJECTIVES To structurally characterize a bioengineered construct of FVIII, termed ET3i, which is a human/porcine chimeric B domain-deleted heterodimer with improved expression and slower A2 domain dissociation following proteolytic activation by thrombin. METHODS The structure of ET3i was characterized with X-ray crystallography and tandem mass spectrometry-based glycoproteomics. RESULTS Here, we report the 3.2 Å crystal structure of ET3i and characterize the distribution of N-linked glycans with LC-MS/MS glycoproteomics. This structure shows remarkable conservation with the human FVIII protein and provides a detailed view of the interface between the A2 domain and the remaining FVIII structure. With two FVIII molecules in the crystal, we observe two conformations of the C2 domain relative to the remaining FVIII structure. The improved model and stereochemistry of ET3i served as a scaffold to generate an improved, refined structure of human FVIII. With the original datasets at 3.7 Å and 4.0 Å resolution, this new structure resulted in improved refinement statistics. CONCLUSIONS These improved structures yield a more confident model for next-generation engineering efforts to develop FVIII therapeutics with longer half-lives, higher expression levels, and lower immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian W. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, 516 High Street, MS 9150, Bellingham, WA 98225-9150
| | - Anne E. d’Aquino
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, 516 High Street, MS 9150, Bellingham, WA 98225-9150
| | - Christopher W. Coyle
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Andrew Fedanov
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Ernest T. Parker
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | - H. Trent Spencer
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Pete Lollar
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Christopher B. Doering
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - P. Clint Spiegel
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, 516 High Street, MS 9150, Bellingham, WA 98225-9150
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Fu S, Fu L, Zhang X, Huang J, Yang G, Wang Z, Liu YG, Zhang G, Wu D, Xia J. OsC2DP, a Novel C2 Domain-Containing Protein Is Required for Salt Tolerance in Rice. Plant Cell Physiol 2019; 60:2220-2230. [PMID: 31198970 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the major factors limiting crop production globally, including rice (Oryza sativa). Although a number of genes involved in salt tolerance have been functionally identified, the mechanism underlying salt tolerance in rice is still poorly understood. Here, we reported a novel C2 domain-containing protein, OsC2DP required for salt tolerance in rice. OsC2DP was predominately expressed in the roots and its expression was repressed by salt stress. Transient expression of OsC2DP in rice protoplast cells showed that it was localized in the cytosol. Immunostaining further showed that OsC2DP was able to translocate from the cytosol to plasma membrane under salt conditions. Knockout of OsC2DP did not affect Na+ concentration in the roots, but increased shoot Na+ concentration, resulting in a significant sensitivity of rice to salt stress. Furthermore, the quantitative Real-time PCR and transcriptomic analysis showed that the expression level of some genes related to salt tolerance were indirectly regulated by OsC2DP, especially OsSOS1 and OsNHX4. These results indicate that OsC2DP has an important role in salt tolerance and these findings provide new insights into the regulation of OsC2DP gene for rice breeding with high salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Liangbo Fu
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Guangzhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yao-Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dezhi Wu
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jixing Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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18
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Khan I, Gratz R, Denezhkin P, Schott-Verdugo SN, Angrand K, Genders L, Basgaran RM, Fink-Straube C, Brumbarova T, Gohlke H, Bauer P, Ivanov R. Calcium-Promoted Interaction between the C2-Domain Protein EHB1 and Metal Transporter IRT1 Inhibits Arabidopsis Iron Acquisition. Plant Physiol 2019; 180:1564-1581. [PMID: 31040174 PMCID: PMC6752929 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Iron is a key transition element in the biosphere and is crucial for living organisms, although its cellular excess can be deleterious. Maintaining the balance of optimal iron availability in the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) requires the precise operation of iron import through the principal iron transporter IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER1 (IRT1). Targeted inhibition of IRT1 can prevent oxidative stress, thus promoting plant survival. Here, we report the identification of an IRT1 inhibitor, namely the C2 domain-containing peripheral membrane protein ENHANCED BENDING1 (EHB1). EHB1 interacts with the cytoplasmically exposed variable region of IRT1, and we demonstrate that this interaction is greatly promoted by the presence of calcium. We found that EHB1 binds lipids characteristic of the plasma membrane, and the interaction between EHB1 and plant membranes is calcium-dependent. Molecular simulations showed that EHB1 membrane binding is a two-step process that precedes the interaction between EHB1 and IRT1. Genetic and physiological analyses indicated that EHB1 acts as a negative regulator of iron acquisition. The presence of EHB1 prevented the IRT1-mediated complementation of iron-deficient fet3fet4 yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Our data suggest that EHB1 acts as a direct inhibitor of IRT1-mediated iron import into the cell. These findings represent a major step in understanding plant iron acquisition, a process that underlies the primary production of bioavailable iron for land ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich-Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Regina Gratz
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich-Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Former address: Department of Biosciences-Plant Biology, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Polina Denezhkin
- Former address: Department of Biosciences-Plant Biology, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Stephan N Schott-Verdugo
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, CL-3460000 Talca, Chile
| | - Kalina Angrand
- Former address: Department of Biosciences-Plant Biology, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Lara Genders
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich-Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Tzvetina Brumbarova
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich-Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Former address: Department of Biosciences-Plant Biology, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Holger Gohlke
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- John von Neumann Institute for Computing, Jülich Supercomputing Centre & Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Petra Bauer
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich-Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Former address: Department of Biosciences-Plant Biology, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rumen Ivanov
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich-Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Former address: Department of Biosciences-Plant Biology, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Abstract
OsC2DP is a cytosolic protein containing a C2 domain recently identified in rice, which is translocated to the plasma membrane in response to salt stress. Here, we further investigated the subcellular localization of OsC2DP by truncation analysis. In consistent with OsC2DP, OsC2DP1-165 containing C2 domain at the N-terminus was localized to the cytosol. In contrast to OsC2DP1-165, OsC2DP166-290 lack of C2 domain at the C-terminus was localized to the cytosol and nucleus, which was similar to the GFP control. Under salt conditions, subcellular localization of both OsC2DP1-165 and OsC2DP166-290 was not altered and failed to migrate to plasma membrane. These results indicated that the subcellular localization was determined by C2 domain of OsC2DP under normal conditions and that both N- and C-terminus of OsC2DP are essential for its cytosol-plasma membrane translocation in response to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jixing Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- CONTACT Jixing Xia State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Liu L, Li C, Liang Z, Yu H. Characterization of Multiple C2 Domain and Transmembrane Region Proteins in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 2018; 176:2119-2132. [PMID: 29259105 PMCID: PMC5841694 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple C2 domain and transmembrane region proteins (MCTPs) are evolutionarily conserved in eukaryotic organisms and may function as signaling molecules that mediate trafficking of other regulators. Although there are a large number of MCTPs found in the plant lineage, biological information on most plant MCTPs remains unknown. Here, we report systematic characterization of 16 members in the entire Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) MCTP family. Using GUS and GFP reporter assays, we reveal their distinct or overlapping patterns of gene expression and protein localization in developing Arabidopsis plants and Nicotiana benthamiana leaf epidermal cells. We further analyze in vivo effects of three C2 domains on the regulatory role of MCTP1 (FTIP1) in flowering time control in Arabidopsis, demonstrating that these C2 domains may be cooperative to mediate FTIP1 function during the floral transition. Through examining all available T-DNA insertional mutants of Arabidopsis MCTPs, we further reveal that mctp6-1 significantly enhances the late-flowering phenotype of ftip1-1 possibly through affecting FLOWERING LOCUS T in different manners, exemplifying that different MCTPs additively regulate a specific plant developmental process. Taken together, our results suggest functional divergence or redundancy of MCTP members in Arabidopsis and provide a community resource for further understanding various MCTP functions in plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhe Liang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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