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Koganti P, Kadali VN, Manikoth Ayyathan D, Emanuelli A, Paolini B, Levy-Cohen G, Blank M. The E3 ubiquitin ligase SMURF2 stabilizes RNA editase ADAR1p110 and promotes its adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing function. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:237. [PMID: 35403872 PMCID: PMC11072456 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04272-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Epitranscriptomic changes in RNA catalyzed by the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 play an essential role in the regulation of diverse molecular and cellular processes, both under physiological conditions and in disease states, including cancer. Yet, despite a growing body of evidence pointing to ADAR1 as a potential therapeutic target, the mechanisms regulating its cellular abundance and activity, particularly of its constitutively expressed and ubiquitous form, ADAR1p110, are poorly understood. Here, we report the HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligase SMURF2 as a pivotal regulator of ADAR1p110. We show that SMURF2, which is primarily known to promote the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of its protein substrates, protects ADAR1p110 from proteolysis and promotes its A-to-I editase activity in human and mouse cells and tissues. ADAR1p110's interactome analysis performed in human cells also showed a positive influence of SMURF2 on the stability and function of ADAR1p110. Mechanistically, we found that SMURF2 directly binds, ubiquitinates and stabilizes ADAR1p110 in an E3 ubiquitin ligase-dependent manner, through ADAR1p110 ubiquitination at lysine-744 (K744). Mutation of this residue to arginine (K744R), which is also associated with several human disorders, including dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH) and some types of cancer, abolished SMURF2-mediated protection of ADAR1p110 from both proteasomal and lysosomal degradation and inactivated ADAR1p110-mediated RNA editing. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism underlying the regulation of ADAR1 in mammalian cells and suggest SMURF2 as a key cellular factor influencing the protein abundance, interactions and functions of ADAR1p110.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Koganti
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502, Safed, Israel
| | - Venkata Narasimha Kadali
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502, Safed, Israel
| | - Dhanoop Manikoth Ayyathan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502, Safed, Israel
| | - Andrea Emanuelli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502, Safed, Israel
| | - Biagio Paolini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Gal Levy-Cohen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502, Safed, Israel
| | - Michael Blank
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502, Safed, Israel.
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Nanda JS, Koganti P, Perri G, Ellis L. Phenotypic Plasticity - Alternate Transcriptional Programs Driving Treatment Resistant Prostate Cancer. Crit Rev Oncog 2022; 27:45-60. [PMID: 35993978 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2022043096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) that antagonizes androgen receptor (AR) signaling has made significant increases to overall survival of prostate cancer patients. However, ADT is not curative, and patients eventually progress to castration resistant disease (CRPC). It has become evident that a subset of prostate cancers acquire ADT resistance through mechanisms independent of AR alteration or reprogramming of AR signaling. This approximately involves a quarter of prostate cancers progressing on ADT. Collectively, these tumors evolve via phenotypic plasticity and display the activation of developmental and stemness gene signatures as well as transitional programs including an epithelial-mesenchymal phenotype. Currently, no successful treatments exist for prostate cancer patients to inhibit or reverse prostate tumor progression that utilizes mechanisms of epi-plasticity. This overview will discuss epigenetic mechanisms that mediate phenotypic plasticity and the potential for targeting the epigenome to create a novel direction for combination strategies involving epigenetic therapy to provide durable response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagpreet Singh Nanda
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048; Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Praveen Koganti
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048; Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Graziela Perri
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048; Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Leigh Ellis
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048; Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048; Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
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Tulsawani R, Sharma P, Manimaran M, Koganti P, Singh M, Meena DK, Negi PS, Misra K. Effects of Extraction Temperature on Efficacy of Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes), Aqueous Extract against Oxidative Stress. Int J Med Mushrooms 2020; 22:547-558. [PMID: 32865896 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2020035074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to understand the effect of extraction temperature, i.e., room temperature (GLRT), 50°C (GL50), 100°C (hot water; GL100), and 200°C (GL200) on antioxidant and biological activity of G. lucidum. The % yield obtained was 5.3%, 7.6%, 10.7%, and 13.2% at various extraction temperatures; room temperature, 50°C, 100°C and 200°C, respectively. Similarly, phenolic content (51.6, 57.9, 82.9, and 93.1 mg/g extract) and flavonoid content (18.8, 23.2, 34.3, and 36.3 mg/g extract) were observed to be increased with rise in extraction temperature. However, extraction temperature resulted in loss of antioxidant activities above 100°C as evident by chemical assays such as DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, and TRP conducted on extracts. In contrast, three bioactive compounds, i.e., adenine (3.26, 3.48, 2.16, and 1.45 mg/g extract), uracil (3.99, 3.21, 2.51, and 1.47 mg/g extract), and adenosine (5.92, 5.62, 2.22 and 0.7 mg/g extract), quantified by high performance thin layer chromatography showed decrease in their content with increasing extraction temperature. Extract prepared at room temperature and 50°C prevented loss of cell viability and generation of reactive oxygen species resulted after hydrogen peroxide exposure; however, cytoprotective efficacy was not significant at 100°C and 200°C The order of cytoprotective effects observed by these extract were in the following order: room temperature ≥ 50°C > 100°C > 200°C. Overall, the optimal temperature conditions for the efficient extraction of G. lucidum with water retaining bioactive compounds and biological activity was found to be below 100°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Tulsawani
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India; Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research, Haldwani 263139, India
| | - Purva Sharma
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India; Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research, Haldwani 263139, India
| | - Manickam Manimaran
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India; Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research, Haldwani 263139, India
| | - Praveen Koganti
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India; Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research, Haldwani 263139, India
| | - Mrinalini Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India; Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research, Haldwani 263139, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Meena
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India; Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research, Haldwani 263139, India
| | - Prem Singh Negi
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India; Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research, Haldwani 263139, India
| | - Kshipra Misra
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India; Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research, Haldwani 263139, India
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Emanuelli A, Manikoth Ayyathan D, Koganti P, Shah PA, Apel-Sarid L, Paolini B, Detroja R, Frenkel-Morgenstern M, Blank M. Altered Expression and Localization of Tumor Suppressive E3 Ubiquitin Ligase SMURF2 in Human Prostate and Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040556. [PMID: 31003445 PMCID: PMC6521037 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SMURF2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase and suggested tumor suppressor, operates in normal cells to prevent genomic instability and carcinogenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying SMURF2 inactivation in human malignancies remain elusive, as SMURF2 is rarely found mutated or deleted in cancers. We hypothesized that SMURF2 might have a distinct molecular biodistribution in cancer versus normal cells and tissues. The expression and localization of SMURF2 were analyzed in 666 human normal and cancer tissues, with primary focus on prostate and breast tumors. These investigations were accompanied by SMURF2 gene expression analyses, subcellular fractionation and biochemical studies, including SMURF2’s interactome analysis. We found that while in normal cells and tissues SMURF2 has a predominantly nuclear localization, in prostate and aggressive breast carcinomas SMURF2 shows a significantly increased cytoplasmic sequestration, associated with the disease progression. Mechanistic studies showed that the nuclear export machinery was not involved in cytoplasmic accumulation of SMURF2, while uncovered that its stability is markedly increased in the cytoplasmic compartment. Subsequent interactome analyses pointed to 14-3-3s as SMURF2 interactors, which could potentially affect its localization. These findings link the distorted expression of SMURF2 to human carcinogenesis and suggest the alterations in SMURF2 localization as a potential mechanism obliterating its tumor suppressor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Emanuelli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502 Safed, Israel.
| | - Dhanoop Manikoth Ayyathan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502 Safed, Israel.
| | - Praveen Koganti
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502 Safed, Israel.
| | - Pooja Anil Shah
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502 Safed, Israel.
| | - Liat Apel-Sarid
- Department of Pathology, The Galilee Medical Center, 22100 Nahariya, Israel.
| | - Biagio Paolini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Anatomic Pathology Unit 1, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Rajesh Detroja
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and BioComputing of Complex Diseases, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502 Safed, Israel.
| | - Milana Frenkel-Morgenstern
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and BioComputing of Complex Diseases, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502 Safed, Israel.
| | - Michael Blank
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502 Safed, Israel.
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Abstract
Protein ubiquitination is an evolutionary conserved highly-orchestrated enzymatic cascade essential for normal cellular functions and homeostasis maintenance. This pathway relies on a defined set of cellular enzymes, among them, substrate-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases (E3s). These ligases are the most critical players, as they define the spatiotemporal nature of ubiquitination and confer specificity to this cascade. Smurf1 and Smurf2 (Smurfs) are the C2-WW-HECT-domain E3 ubiquitin ligases, which recently emerged as important determinants of pivotal cellular processes. These processes include cell proliferation and differentiation, chromatin organization and dynamics, DNA damage response and genomic integrity maintenance, gene expression, cell stemness, migration, and invasion. All these processes are intimately connected and profoundly altered in cancer. Initially, Smurf proteins were identified as negative regulators of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathways. However, recent studies have extended the scope of Smurfs' biological functions beyond the BMP/TGF-β signaling regulation. Here, we provide a critical literature overview and updates on the regulatory roles of Smurfs in molecular and cell biology, with an emphasis on cancer. We also highlight the studies demonstrating the impact of Smurf proteins on tumor cell sensitivity to anticancer therapies. Further in-depth analyses of Smurfs' biological functions and influences on molecular pathways could provide novel therapeutic targets and paradigms for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Koganti
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Gal Levy-Cohen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Michael Blank
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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Koganti P, Tulsawani R, Sharma P, Sharma M, Arora S, Misra K. Role of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes), in Facilitating Cellular Acclimatization in a Low-Oxygen Microenvironment. Int J Med Mushrooms 2018; 20:431-444. [PMID: 29953358 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2018026075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum is known to exert many health benefits including effects to improve oxygen utilization. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the role of a hydroalcoholic G. lucidum extract in providing tolerance to HT22 cells grown under hypoxic conditions. HT22 cells were exposed to 0.5% O2 in the presence or absence of the extract for 24 hours. At the end of the exposure period, we performed cell viability assays, cell cycle analysis, and biochemical and protein expression studies. The extract-treated cells revealed less cell death, minimized caspase 3 and reactive oxygen species levels, and relieved G0/G1 cell cycle arrest compared with hypoxic cells cultured without the extract. Further, extract-treated cells showed improved expression of Nrf2, heme oxygenase 1, and metallothionein and stabilized levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. Moreover, lower levels of nuclear factor-κB and tumor necrosis factor a were evident in extract-treated cells. Overall, the G. lucidum extract reduced hypoxia-induced cell death and augmented transcription factors (HIF-1α and Nrf2), conferring tolerance to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Koganti
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Rajkumar Tulsawani
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Purva Sharma
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Manish Sharma
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Shivani Arora
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Kshipra Misra
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi, India
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Borroni AP, Emanuelli A, Shah PA, Ilić N, Apel-Sarid L, Paolini B, Manikoth Ayyathan D, Koganti P, Levy-Cohen G, Blank M. Smurf2 regulates stability and the autophagic-lysosomal turnover of lamin A and its disease-associated form progerin. Aging Cell 2018; 17. [PMID: 29405587 PMCID: PMC5847874 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A‐lamins, encoded by the LMNA gene, are major structural components of the nuclear lamina coordinating essential cellular processes. Mutations in the LMNA gene and/or alterations in its expression levels have been linked to a distinct subset of human disorders, collectively known as laminopathies, and to cancer. Mechanisms regulating A‐lamins are mostly obscure. Here, we identified E3 ubiquitin ligase Smurf2 as a physiological regulator of lamin A and its disease‐associated mutant form progerin (LAΔ50), whose expression underlies the development of Hutchinson‐Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), a devastating premature aging syndrome. We show that Smurf2 directly binds, ubiquitinates, and negatively regulates the expression of lamin A and progerin in Smurf2 dose‐ and E3 ligase‐dependent manners. Overexpression of catalytically active Smurf2 promotes the autophagic–lysosomal breakdown of lamin A and progerin, whereas Smurf2 depletion increases lamin A levels. Remarkably, acute overexpression of Smurf2 in progeria fibroblasts was able to significantly reduce the nuclear deformability. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the reciprocal relationship between Smurf2 and A‐lamins is preserved in different types of mouse and human normal and cancer tissues. These findings establish Smurf2 as an essential regulator of lamin A and progerin and lay a foundation for evaluating the efficiency of progerin clearance by Smurf2 in HGPS, and targeting of the Smurf2–lamin A axis in age‐related diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Paola Borroni
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine; Bar-Ilan University; Safed Israel
| | - Andrea Emanuelli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine; Bar-Ilan University; Safed Israel
| | - Pooja Anil Shah
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine; Bar-Ilan University; Safed Israel
| | - Nataša Ilić
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine; Bar-Ilan University; Safed Israel
| | - Liat Apel-Sarid
- Department of Pathology; The Galilee Medical Center; Nahariya Israel
| | - Biagio Paolini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; IRCCS Fondazione; Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Milan Italy
| | - Dhanoop Manikoth Ayyathan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine; Bar-Ilan University; Safed Israel
| | - Praveen Koganti
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine; Bar-Ilan University; Safed Israel
| | - Gal Levy-Cohen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine; Bar-Ilan University; Safed Israel
| | - Michael Blank
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine; Bar-Ilan University; Safed Israel
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Emanuelli A, Borroni AP, Apel-Sarid L, Shah PA, Ayyathan DM, Koganti P, Levy-Cohen G, Blank M. Smurf2-Mediated Stabilization of DNA Topoisomerase IIα Controls Genomic Integrity. Cancer Res 2017; 77:4217-4227. [PMID: 28611047 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
DNA topoisomerase IIα (Topo IIα) ensures genomic integrity and unaltered chromosome inheritance and serves as a major target of several anticancer drugs. Topo IIα function is well understood, but how its expression is regulated remains unclear. Here, we identify the E3 ubiquitin ligase Smurf2 as a physiologic regulator of Topo IIα levels. Smurf2 physically interacted with Topo IIα and modified its ubiquitination status to protect Topo IIα from the proteasomal degradation in dose- and catalytically dependent manners. Smurf2-depleted cells exhibited a reduced ability to resolve DNA catenanes and pathological chromatin bridges formed during mitosis, a trait of Topo IIα-deficient cells and a hallmark of chromosome instability. Introducing Topo IIα into Smurf2-depleted cells rescued this phenomenon. Smurf2 was a determinant of Topo IIα protein levels in normal and cancer cells and tissues, and its levels affected cell sensitivity to the Topo II-targeting drug etoposide. Our results identified Smurf2 as an essential regulator of Topo IIα, providing novel insights into its control and into the suggested tumor-suppressor functions of Smurf2. Cancer Res; 77(16); 4217-27. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Emanuelli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Aurora P Borroni
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Liat Apel-Sarid
- Department of Pathology, The Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Pooja A Shah
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Dhanoop Manikoth Ayyathan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Praveen Koganti
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Gal Levy-Cohen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Michael Blank
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
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Singh M, Tulsawani R, Koganti P, Chauhan A, Manickam M, Misra K. Cordyceps sinensis increases hypoxia tolerance by inducing heme oxygenase-1 and metallothionein via Nrf2 activation in human lung epithelial cells. Biomed Res Int 2013; 2013:569206. [PMID: 24063008 PMCID: PMC3770031 DOI: 10.1155/2013/569206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cordyceps sinensis, an edible mushroom growing in Himalayan regions, is widely recognized in traditional system of medicine. In the present study, we report the efficacy of Cordyceps sinensis in facilitating tolerance to hypoxia using A549 cell line as a model system. Treatment with aqueous extract of Cordyceps sinensis appreciably attenuated hypoxia induced ROS generation, oxidation of lipids and proteins and maintained antioxidant status similar to that of controls via induction of antioxidant gene HO1 (heme oxygenase-1), MT (metallothionein) and Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2). In contrast, lower level of NF κ B (nuclear factor kappaB) and tumor necrosis factor- α observed which might be due to higher levels of HO1, MT and transforming growth factor- β . Further, increase in HIF1 (hypoxia inducible factor-1) and its regulated genes; erythropoietin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and glucose transporter-1 was observed. Interestingly, Cordyceps sinensis treatment under normoxia did not regulate the expression HIF1, NF κ B and their regulated genes evidencing that Cordyceps sinensis per se did not have an effect on these transcription factors. Overall, Cordyceps sinensis treatment inhibited hypoxia induced oxidative stress by maintaining higher cellular Nrf2, HIF1 and lowering NF κ B levels. These findings provide a basis for possible use of Cordyceps sinensis in tolerating hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinalini Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110 054, India
| | - Rajkumar Tulsawani
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110 054, India
| | - Praveen Koganti
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110 054, India
| | - Amitabh Chauhan
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110 054, India
| | - Manimaran Manickam
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110 054, India
| | - Kshipra Misra
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110 054, India
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