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Shibata M, Makioka K, Nakamura T, Kasahara H, Yamazaki T, Takatama M, Okamoto K, Ikeda Y. Role of complement activation and disruption of the blood-brain barrier in the pathogenesis of multiple system atrophy. Neurosci Lett 2024; 822:137642. [PMID: 38228218 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive and sporadic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the histological appearance of glial cytoplasmic inclusions primarily composed of α-synuclein. Recently, complement-mediated neuroinflammation has been proposed as a key factor in the pathogenesis of numerous neurodegenerative disorders. We conducted immunohistochemical/immunofluorescent assays targeting a number of complements to explore the role of complements in MSA pathogenesis using brain samples from deceased patients and controls. Complement deposition was notably increased in the cerebral vasculature and myelin sheath in the MSA brains. Furthermore, fibrinogen leakage resulting from the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was observed, along with the presence of C1q-positive microglia clusters surrounding the MSA brain vessels. These immunohistochemical/immunofluorescent findings suggest that complement activation and BBB disruption play critical roles in MSA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Shibata
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Koki Makioka
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takumi Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroo Kasahara
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | | | | | - Koichi Okamoto
- Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ikeda
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan.
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2
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Nakamura T, Kawarabayashi T, Nakahata N, Itoh K, Ihara K, Nakaji S, Ikeda Y, Takatama M, Shoji M. Annual stability of the plasma Aß40/42 ratio and associated factors. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:879-891. [PMID: 37013968 PMCID: PMC10270258 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The plasma Aß40/42 ratio is a biomarker of brain amyloidosis. However, the threshold difference between amyloid positivity and negativity is only 10-20% and fluctuates with circadian rhythms, aging, and APOE-ε4 during the decades of evolution of Alzheimer's disease. METHODS Plasma Aß40 and Aß42 levels in 1472 participants aged between 19 and 93 years in the Iwaki Health Promotion Project for 4 years were statistically analyzed. RESULTS The means and standard deviations of annual inter-individual coefficients of variation were 5.3 ± 3.2% for Aß40, 7.8 ± 4.6% for Aß42, and 6.4 ± 4.1% for the Aß40/42 ratio. No significant age-dependent changes were observed in inter-individual coefficients of variation. Age-dependent increases in Aβ42 levels were suppressed, whereas those in the Aβ40/42 ratio were enhanced in APOE-ε4 carriers. The change points of Aß42, Aß40, and the Aß40/42 ratio were 36.4, 38.2, and 43.5 years, respectively. In the presence of APOE-ε4, the Aß40/42 ratio increased in middle-aged and elderly subjects while Aβ42 levels decreased in elderly subjects. INTERPRETATION Individual values for Aß40, Aß42, and the Aß40/42 ratio did not fluctuate annually or in an age-dependent manner. If the plasma Aβ40/42 ratio changes by more than 14.7% (+2 standard deviations) relative to age- and APOE-ε4-adjusted normal annual fluctuations, other biomarkers also need to be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Nakamura
- Department of NeurologyGunma University Graduate School of Medicine3‐39‐22 Showa‐machiMaebashi371‐8511Japan
- Department of Social MedicineHirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine5 Zaifu‐choHirosaki037‐8562Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawarabayashi
- Department of NeurologyGunma University Graduate School of Medicine3‐39‐22 Showa‐machiMaebashi371‐8511Japan
- Department of Social MedicineHirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine5 Zaifu‐choHirosaki037‐8562Japan
- Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital3‐26‐8 Otomo‐machiMaebashi371‐0847Japan
| | - Naoko Nakahata
- Department of Social MedicineHirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine5 Zaifu‐choHirosaki037‐8562Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Speech‐Language‐Hearing Therapy, School of Health SciencesHirosaki University of Health and WelfareHirosakiAomori036‐8102Japan
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response ScienceHirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine5 Zaifu‐choHirosaki037‐8562Japan
| | - Kazushige Ihara
- Department of Social MedicineHirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine5 Zaifu‐choHirosaki037‐8562Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Nakaji
- Department of Social MedicineHirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine5 Zaifu‐choHirosaki037‐8562Japan
| | - Yoshio Ikeda
- Department of NeurologyGunma University Graduate School of Medicine3‐39‐22 Showa‐machiMaebashi371‐8511Japan
| | - Masamitsu Takatama
- Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital3‐26‐8 Otomo‐machiMaebashi371‐0847Japan
| | - Mikio Shoji
- Department of NeurologyGunma University Graduate School of Medicine3‐39‐22 Showa‐machiMaebashi371‐8511Japan
- Department of Social MedicineHirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine5 Zaifu‐choHirosaki037‐8562Japan
- Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital3‐26‐8 Otomo‐machiMaebashi371‐0847Japan
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3
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Kawarabayashi T, Nakamura T, Miyashita K, Segawa T, Fukamachi I, Sugawara T, Oka H, Ishizawa K, Amari M, Kasahara H, Makioka K, Ikeda Y, Takatama M, Shoji M. Clinical Evaluation of Cerebrospinal Fluid p217tau and Neurofilament Light Chain Levels in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease or Other Neurological Diseases. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:1623-1638. [PMID: 38007650 PMCID: PMC10741340 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of tau phosphorylated at threonine 217 (p217tau) or 181 (p181tau), and neurofilament light chain (NfL) are definite biomarkers of tauopathy and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE To validate their utility in excluding other neurological diseases and age-related changes in clinical settings. METHODS We developed monoclonal antibodies against p217tau and NfL, established novel ELISAs, and analyzed 170 CSF samples from patients with AD or other neurological diseases. RESULTS In AD, p217tau is a more specific and abundant CSF component than p181tau. However, CSF NfL levels increase age-dependently and to a greater extent in central and peripheral nervous diseases than in AD. CONCLUSIONS CSF p217tau correlates better with AD neurodegeneration than other tau-related biomarkers and the major phosphorylated tau species. The clinical usage of NfL as a neurodegeneration biomarker in AD requires exclusion of various central and peripheral neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kawarabayashi
- Department of Neurology, Dementia Research Center, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Takumi Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Takashi Sugawara
- Department of Neurology, Dementia Research Center, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hironori Oka
- Department of Neurology, Dementia Research Center, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Ishizawa
- Department of Neurology, Dementia Research Center, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masakuni Amari
- Department of Neurology, Dementia Research Center, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroo Kasahara
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kouki Makioka
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ikeda
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Takatama
- Department of Neurology, Dementia Research Center, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Mikio Shoji
- Department of Neurology, Dementia Research Center, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Nakamura T, Kawarabayashi T, Ueda T, Shimomura S, Hoshino M, Itoh K, Ihara K, Nakaji S, Takatama M, Ikeda Y, Shoji M. Plasma ApoE4 Levels Are Lower than ApoE2 and ApoE3 Levels, and Not Associated with Plasma Aβ40/42 Ratio as a Biomarker of Amyloid-β Amyloidosis in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 93:333-348. [PMID: 36970894 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND APOE4 is the strongest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, limited information is currently available on APOE4 and the pathological role of plasma apolipoprotein E (ApoE) 4 remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The aims of the present study were to measure plasma levels of total ApoE (tE), ApoE2, ApoE3, and ApoE4 using mass spectrometry and elucidate the relationships between plasma ApoE and blood test items. METHODS We herein examined plasma levels of tE, ApoE2, ApoE3, and ApoE4 in 498 subjects using liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS Among 498 subjects, mean age was 60 years and 309 were female. tE levels were distributed as ApoE2/E3 = ApoE2/E4 >ApoE3/E3 = ApoE3/E4 >ApoE4/E4. In the heterozygous group, ApoE isoform levels were distributed as ApoE2 >ApoE3 >ApoE4. ApoE levels were not associated with aging, the plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) 40/42 ratio, or the clinical diagnosis of AD. Total cholesterol levels correlated with the level of each ApoE isoform. ApoE2 levels were associated with renal function, ApoE3 levels with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and liver function, and ApoE4 levels with triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body weight, erythropoiesis, and insulin metabolism. CONCLUSION The present results suggest the potential of LC-MS/MS for the phenotyping and quantitation of plasma ApoE. Plasma ApoE levels are regulated in the order of ApoE2 >ApoE3 >ApoE4 and are associated with lipids and multiple metabolic pathways, but not directly with aging or AD biomarkers. The present results provide insights into the multiple pathways by which peripheral ApoE4 influences the progression of AD and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawarabayashi
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ueda
- Bioanalysis Department, LSI Medience Corporation, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Shimomura
- Bioanalysis Department, LSI Medience Corporation, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Hoshino
- Bioanalysis Department, LSI Medience Corporation, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kazushige Ihara
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Nakaji
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Takatama
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ikeda
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Mikio Shoji
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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5
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Okamoto K, Amari M, Ikeda M, Fukuda T, Suzuki K, Takatama M. A comparison of cerebral amyloid angiopathy in the cerebellum and CAA-positive occipital lobe of 60 brains from routine autopsies. Neuropathology 2022; 42:483-487. [PMID: 35747901 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We semiquantitatively compared the frequency and severity of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in the cerebellum and CAA-positive occipital lobe of 60 subjects from routine autopsies. In the 60 subjects with a CAA-positive occipital lobe, cerebellar CAA was observed in 29 subjects (48.3%), and the severity of cerebellar CAA was relatively mild compared with occipital lobe CAA. Capillary CAA was observed in the occipital lobe of 12 subjects and the cerebellum of three subjects. CAA-related vasculopathies were observed in the occipital lobe of 15 subjects and the cerebellum of two subjects. The severity of CAA-related vasculopathy was mild in both of these subjects. Amyloid-β plaques were observed in the occipital lobe of 54 subjects (90%) and the cerebellum of 16 subjects (26.7%). The severity of amyloid-β plaques in the cerebellum was mild compared with the occipital lobe. In summary, we confirmed that cerebellar CAA is frequently observed in the cerebellum but with a lower severity than CAA in the occipital lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masakuni Amari
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masaki Ikeda
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan.,Division of General Education (Neurology), Faculty of Health and Medical Care, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Japan
| | - Toshio Fukuda
- Department of Pathology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Keiji Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Takatama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
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6
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Kawarabayashi T, Nakamura T, Sato K, Seino Y, Ichii S, Nakahata N, Takatama M, Westaway D, George-Hyslop PS, Shoji M. Lipid Rafts Act as a Common Platform for Amyloid-β Oligomer-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:1189-1203. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-215662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers induce the overproduction of phosphorylated tau and neurodegeneration. These cascades gradually cause cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While each pathological event in AD has been studied in detail separately, the spatial and temporal relationships between pathological events in AD remain unclear. Objective: We demonstrated that lipid rafts function as a common platform for the pathological cascades of AD. Methods: Cellular and synaptosomal lipid rafts were prepared from the brains of Aβ amyloid model mice (Tg2576 mice) and double transgenic mice (Tg2576 x TgTauP301L mice) and longitudinally analyzed. Results: Aβ dimers, the cellular prion protein (PrPc), and Aβ dimer/PrPc complexes were detected in the lipid rafts. The levels of Fyn, the phosphorylated NR2B subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, glycogen synthase kinase 3β, total tau, phosphorylated tau, and tau oligomers increased with Aβ dimer accumulation in both the cellular and synaptosomal lipid rafts. Increases in the levels of these molecules were first seen at 6 months of age and corresponded with the early stages of Aβ accumulation in the amyloid model mice. Conclusion: Lipid rafts act as a common platform for the progression of AD pathology. The findings of this study suggest a novel therapeutic approach to AD, involving the modification of lipid raft components and the inhibition of their roles in the sequential pathological events of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kawarabayashi
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takumi Nakamura
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kaoru Sato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yusuke Seino
- Department of Neurology, Hirosaki National Hospital, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Sadanobu Ichii
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Naoko Nakahata
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- Department of Speech and Hearing, Hirosaki University of Health and Welfare/JuniorCollege, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Takatama
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - David Westaway
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Peter St. George-Hyslop
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Departments of Medicine, Medical Biophysics, and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mikio Shoji
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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7
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Okamoto K, Amari M, Iwai T, Fukuda T, Suzuki K, Takatama M. An autopsy case of amyloid angiopathy-related cerebellar hemorrhage. Neuropathology 2022; 42:40-44. [PMID: 35001426 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An 80-year-old man with dementia demonstrated cerebellar hemorrhage. Autopsy revealed pathology compatible with Alzheimer's disease and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). CAA was more prevalent in the occipital lobe than in the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes; however, amyloid-β (Aβ)-containing senile plaques were less abundant in the occipital cortex than in the other cortices. In the cerebellum, abundant CAA-involved vessels were observed in the subarachnoid space and molecular layer and to a lesser extent in the Purkinje and granule layers. On consecutive sections, Aβ1-42 immunohistochemistry revealed senile plaques and CAA-involved vessels with strong immunoreactivity whereas Aβ1-40 immunohistochemistry identfied CAA-involved vessels with strong immunoreactivity and senile plaques with weak immunoreactivity in the cerebellar cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masakuni Amari
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Iwai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Toshio Fukuda
- Department of Pathology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Keiji Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Takatama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
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Kawarabayashi T, Nakamura T, Takatama M, Shoji M. Quantitative measurement of CSF Aβ1‐38, Aβ1‐40, Aβ1‐42, and Aβ1‐43 by high sensitivity liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.050970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kawarabayashi
- Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Maebashi Japan
- Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital Maebashi Japan
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Takumi Nakamura
- Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Maebashi Japan
- Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital Maebashi Japan
| | | | - Mikio Shoji
- Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Maebashi Japan
- Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital Maebashi Japan
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
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9
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Nakahata N, Nakamura T, Kawarabayashi T, Seino Y, Ichii S, Ikeda Y, Amari M, Takatama M, Murashita K, Ihara K, Itoh K, Nakaji S, Shoji M. Age-Related Cognitive Decline and Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Iwaki Health Promotion Project. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:1233-1245. [PMID: 34633321 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Iwaki Health Promotion Project (IHPP) is a community-based study for the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases and improvement of quality of life. OBJECTIVE Between 2014 and 2017, a total of 4,442 Iwaki town residents from 19 to 93 years of age participated in annual surveys to clarify the natural course of age-related cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS Modified OLD and SED-11Q questionnaires, MMSE, Logical Memory II, educational history, and APOE genotypes were examined at the first screening. MCI and dementia were diagnosed at the second examination by detailed neurological examination, CDR, and MRI, and followed for 3 years. Spline regression analyses based on a linear mixed model was adopted for statistical analysis. RESULTS MMSE scores declined with age from 55 to 64 years. There was also interaction between levels of education and ages. At the second examination, 56 MCI and 5 dementia patients were identified. None of the MCI cases progressed to dementia during the 3 years. During follow-up examinations, 13 cases showed improved MMSE scores (0.95 point/year), 5 remained stable, and 7 deteriorated (-0.83 point/year). Five cases showed improved CDR-SOB scores (-0.28 point/year), 9 remained stable, and 6 deteriorated (0.3 point/year). CONCLUSION IHPP revealed that age- and education-related cognitive decline began and advanced from 55 years of age. The prevalence of MCI and dementia was estimated to be 5.9%in the Iwaki town cohort over 60 yeas of age. About 30%of MCI cases showed progression of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Nakahata
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Speech-Language-Hearing Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University of Health and Welfare, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan.,Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Takumi Nakamura
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawarabayashi
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Dementia Research Center, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Seino
- Department of Neurology, Hirosaki National Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Sadanobu Ichii
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ikeda
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masakuni Amari
- Department of Neurology, Dementia Research Center, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Takatama
- Department of Neurology, Dementia Research Center, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Koichi Murashita
- Center of Innovation Research Initiatives Organization, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kazunari Ihara
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Nakaji
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Mikio Shoji
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Dementia Research Center, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
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Urushida Y, Ishikawa D, Yanaizumi M, Nakamura T, Amari M, Kawarabayashi T, Tosaka M, Ikeda Y, Takatama M, Shoji M. IgG4-related hypothalamo-hypophysitis. eNeurologicalSci 2021; 24:100362. [PMID: 34466672 PMCID: PMC8385281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2021.100362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A patient exhibited IgG4-related hypothalamo-hypophysitis. Prominent high-signal areas of swelling were observed in the hypothalamus, tuber cinereum, infundibulum, and bilateral optic nerve systems. MRI T1WI with contrast media demonstrated enhanced neurohypophysis and cystic swelling, and compressed anterior pituitary. MRI findings improved rapidly after 4 days of steroid therapy.
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Key Words
- ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme
- ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone
- AQP4, aquaporin-4
- BP, blood pressure
- CT, computed tomography
- DDAVP, 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin
- FLAIR, fluid attenuated inversion recovery
- FSH, follicle stimulating hormone
- IgG4-related hypothalamo-hypophysitis
- LH, luteinizing hormone
- MPO-ANCA, myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- Neurohypophysitis
- Optic tract edema
- PR3-ANCA, proteinase-3-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody
- Rapid recovery
- T1WI, T1 weighted image
- T2WI, T2 weighted image
- sIL-2R, soluble interleukin 2 receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Urushida
- Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Daisuke Ishikawa
- Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Mayuri Yanaizumi
- Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takumi Nakamura
- Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masakuni Amari
- Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | | | - Masahiko Tosaka
- Neurosurgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ikeda
- Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | | | - Mikio Shoji
- Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
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11
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Ikeda M, Okamoto K, Suzuki K, Takai E, Kasahara H, Furuta N, Furuta M, Tashiro Y, Shimizu C, Takatama S, Naito I, Sato M, Sakai Y, Takahashi M, Amari M, Takatama M, Higuchi T, Tsushima Y, Yokoo H, Kurabayashi M, Ishibashi S, Ishii K, Ikeda Y. Recurrent Lobar Hemorrhages and Multiple Cortical Superficial Siderosis in a Patient of Alzheimer's Disease With Homozygous APOE ε2 Allele Presenting Hypobetalipoproteinemia and Pathological Findings of 18F-THK5351 Positron Emission Tomography: A Case Report. Front Neurol 2021; 12:645625. [PMID: 34305778 PMCID: PMC8294698 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.645625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease, the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) ε2 allele is a protective genetic factor, whereas the APOE ε4 allele is a genetic risk factor. However, both the APOE ε2 and the APOE ε4 alleles are genetic risk factors for lobar intracerebral hemorrhage. The reasons for the high prevalence of lobar intracerebral hemorrhage and the low prevalence of Alzheimer's disease with the APOE ε2 allele remains unknown. Here, we describe the case of a 79-year-old Japanese female with Alzheimer's disease, homozygous for the APOE ε2 allele. This patient presented with recurrent lobar hemorrhages and multiple cortical superficial siderosis. The findings on the 11C-labeled Pittsburgh Compound B-positron emission tomography (PET) were characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. 18F-THK5351 PET revealed that the accumulation of 18F-THK 5351 in the right pyramidal tract at the pontine level, the cerebral peduncle of the midbrain, and the internal capsule, reflecting the lesions of the previous lobar intracerebral hemorrhage in the right frontal lobe. Moreover, 18F-THK5351 accumulated in the bilateral globus pallidum, amygdala, caudate nuclei, and the substantia nigra of the midbrain, which were probably off-target reaction, by binding to monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). 18F-THK5351 were also detected in the periphery of prior lobar hemorrhages and a cortical subarachnoid hemorrhage, as well as in some, but not all, areas affected by cortical siderosis. Besides, 18F-THK5351 retentions were observed in the bilateral medial temporal cortices and several cortical areas without cerebral amyloid angiopathy or prior hemorrhages, possibly where tau might accumulate. This is the first report of a patient with Alzheimer's disease, carrying homozygous APOE ε2 allele and presenting with recurrent lobar hemorrhages, multiple cortical superficial siderosis, and immunohistochemically vascular amyloid β. The 18F-THK5351 PET findings suggested MAO-B concentrated regions, astroglial activation, Waller degeneration of the pyramidal tract, neuroinflammation due to CAA related hemorrhages, and possible tau accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ikeda
- Division of General Education (Neurology), Faculty of Health & Medical Care, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Keiji Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Eriko Takai
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroo Kasahara
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Natsumi Furuta
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Minori Furuta
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tashiro
- Department of Neurology, Mito Medical Center, Mito, Japan
| | - Chisato Shimizu
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Shin Takatama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Isao Naito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Mie Sato
- Department of Anesthesiology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yasujiro Sakai
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Manabu Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masakuni Amari
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Takatama
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tsushima
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yokoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kurabayashi
- Department of Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishii
- Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ikeda
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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12
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Abe K, Shang J, Shi X, Yamashita T, Hishikawa N, Takemoto M, Morihara R, Nakano Y, Ohta Y, Deguchi K, Ikeda M, Ikeda Y, Okamoto K, Shoji M, Takatama M, Kojo M, Kuroda T, Ono K, Kimura N, Matsubara E, Osakada Y, Wakutani Y, Takao Y, Higashi Y, Asada K, Senga T, Lee LJ, Tanaka K. A New Serum Biomarker Set to Detect Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease by Peptidome Technology. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 73:217-227. [PMID: 31771070 PMCID: PMC7029318 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Because dementia is an emerging problem in the world, biochemical markers of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and radio-isotopic analyses are helpful for diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although blood sample is more feasible and plausible than CSF or radiological biomarkers for screening potential AD, measurements of serum amyloid- β (Aβ), plasma tau, and serum antibodies for Aβ1 - 42 are not yet well established. Objective: We aimed to identify a new serum biomarker to detect mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD in comparison to cognitively healthy control by a new peptidome technology. Methods: With only 1.5μl of serum, we examined a new target plate “BLOTCHIP®” plus a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) to discriminate control (n = 100), MCI (n = 60), and AD (n = 99). In some subjects, cognitive Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were compared to positron emission tomography (PET) with Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) and the serum probability of dementia (SPD). The mother proteins of candidate serum peptides were examined in autopsied AD brains. Results: Apart from Aβ or tau, the present study discovered a new diagnostic 4-peptides-set biomarker for discriminating control, MCI, and AD with 87% of sensitivity and 65% of specificity between control and AD (***p < 0.001). MMSE score was well correlated to brain Aβ deposition and to SPD of AD. The mother proteins of the four peptides were upregulated for coagulation, complement, and plasticity (three proteins), and was downregulated for anti-inflammation (one protein) in AD brains. Conclusion: The present serum biomarker set provides a new, rapid, non-invasive, highly quantitative and low-cost clinical application for dementia screening, and also suggests an alternative pathomechanism of AD for neuroinflammation and neurovascular unit damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Abe
- Department of Neurology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jingwei Shang
- Department of Neurology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Xiaowen Shi
- Department of Neurology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toru Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Mami Takemoto
- Department of Neurology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryuta Morihara
- Department of Neurology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nakano
- Department of Neurology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohta
- Department of Neurology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Deguchi
- Department of Neurology, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masaki Ikeda
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ikeda
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Mikio Shoji
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Takatama
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Motohisa Kojo
- Department of Neurology, Ako Chuo Hospital, Ako, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuroda
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kimura
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Etsuro Matsubara
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Yosuke Osakada
- Department of Neurology, Kurashiki Heisei Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Yosuke Wakutani
- Department of Neurology, Kurashiki Heisei Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Takao
- Department of Neurology, Kurashiki Heisei Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Yasuto Higashi
- Department of Neurology, Himeji Central Hospital, Himeji, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Asada
- Membrane Protein and Ligand Analysis Center, Protosera Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Takehito Senga
- Membrane Protein and Ligand Analysis Center, Protosera Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Lyang-Ja Lee
- Membrane Protein and Ligand Analysis Center, Protosera Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Tanaka
- Membrane Protein and Ligand Analysis Center, Protosera Inc., Osaka, Japan
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13
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Urushida Y, Kikuchi Y, Shimizu C, Amari M, Kawarabayashi T, Nakamura T, Ikeda Y, Takatama M, Shoji M. Improved Neuroimaging Findings and Cognitive Function in a Case of High-altitude Cerebral Edema. Intern Med 2021; 60:1299-1302. [PMID: 33229804 PMCID: PMC8112975 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.5747-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is a rare condition of acute mountain sickness that manifests as consciousness disturbance and truncal ataxia. Neuroimaging shows vasogenic edema with microbleeds in the white matter and the corpus callosum. We herein report a case of HACE in which the patient showed widespread hyperintense signals with extensive microbleeds in the white matter and corpus callosum on MRI, as well as cognitive dysfunction. Rehabilitation to improve the higher brain function facilitated the recovery of the patient's cognitive impairment and was accompanied by improved MRI findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Urushida
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Japan
| | - Yutaro Kikuchi
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Japan
| | - Chisato Shimizu
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Japan
| | - Masakuni Amari
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawarabayashi
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takumi Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ikeda
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Takatama
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Japan
| | - Mikio Shoji
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Japan
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14
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Ikeda M, Kodaira S, Kasahara H, Takai E, Nagashima K, Fujita Y, Makioka K, Hirayanagi K, Furuta N, Furuta M, Sanada E, Kobayashi A, Harigaya Y, Nagamine S, Hattori N, Tashiro Y, Kishi K, Shimada H, Suto T, Tanaka H, Sakai Y, Yamazaki T, Tanaka Y, Aihara Y, Amari M, Yamaguchi H, Okamoto K, Takatama M, Ishii K, Higuchi T, Tsushima Y, Ikeda Y. Cerebral Microbleeds, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Neuroimaging Markers in Clinical Subtypes of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurol 2021; 12:543866. [PMID: 33889121 PMCID: PMC8056016 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.543866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lobar cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) due to vascular amyloid beta (Aβ) deposits. However, the relationship between lobar CMBs and clinical subtypes of AD remains unknown. Here, we enrolled patients with early- and late-onset amnestic dominant AD, logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA) and posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) who were compatible with the AD criteria. We then examined the levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers [Aβ1-42, Aβ1-40, Aβ1-38, phosphorylated tau 181 (P-Tau), total tau (T-Tau), neurofilament light chain (NFL), and chitinase 3-like 1 protein (YKL-40)], analyzed the number and localization of CMBs, and measured the cerebral blood flow (CBF) volume by 99mTc-ethyl cysteinate dimer single photon emission computerized tomography (99mTc ECD-SPECT), as well as the mean cortical standard uptake value ratio by 11C-labeled Pittsburgh Compound B-positron emission tomography (11C PiB-PET). Lobar CMBs in lvPPA were distributed in the temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes with the left side predominance, while the CBF volume in lvPPA significantly decreased in the left temporal area, where the number of lobar CMBs and the CBF volumes showed a significant inversely correlation. The CSF levels of NFL in lvPPA were significantly higher compared to the other AD subtypes and non-demented subjects. The numbers of lobar CMBs significantly increased the CSF levels of NFL in the total AD patients, additionally, among AD subtypes, the CSF levels of NFL in lvPPA predominantly were higher by increasing number of lobar CMBs. On the other hand, the CSF levels of Aβ1-38, Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42, P-Tau, and T-Tau were lower by increasing number of lobar CMBs in the total AD patients. These findings may suggest that aberrant brain hypoperfusion in lvPPA was derived from the brain atrophy due to neurodegeneration, and possibly may involve the aberrant microcirculation causing by lobar CMBs and cerebrovascular injuries, with the left side dominance, consequently leading to a clinical phenotype of logopenic variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ikeda
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan.,Division of Common Education (Neurology), Faculty of Health and Medical Care, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kodaira
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroo Kasahara
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Eriko Takai
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nagashima
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yukio Fujita
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kouki Makioka
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kimitoshi Hirayanagi
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Natsumi Furuta
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Minori Furuta
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Etsuko Sanada
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kobayashi
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yasuo Harigaya
- Department of Neurology, Maebashi Red Cross Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Shun Nagamine
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Noriaki Hattori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Jomo Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tashiro
- Department of Neurology, Mito Medical Center, Mito, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kishi
- Department of Radiology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shimada
- Department of Radiology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takayuki Suto
- Department of Radiology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hisashi Tanaka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tanaka Hospital, Yoshioka, Japan
| | - Yasujiro Sakai
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Yamazaki
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yukiko Tanaka
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Uchida Hospital, Numata, Japan
| | - Yuko Aihara
- Department of Neurology, Shinozuka Hospital, Fujioka, Japan
| | - Masakuni Amari
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Haruyasu Yamaguchi
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan.,Tokyo Center for Dementia Research and Practices, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Takatama
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishii
- Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tsushima
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ikeda
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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15
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Seino Y, Nakamura T, Harada T, Nakahata N, Kawarabayashi T, Ueda T, Takatama M, Shoji M. Quantitative Measurement of Cerebrospinal Fluid Amyloid-β Species by Mass Spectrometry. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 79:573-584. [PMID: 33337370 PMCID: PMC7902963 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: High sensitivity liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was recently introduced to measure amyloid-β (Aβ) species, allowing for a simultaneous assay that is superior to ELISA, which requires more assay steps with multiple antibodies. Objective: We validated the Aβ1-38, Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42, and Aβ1-43 assay by LC-MS/MS and compared it with ELISA using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples to investigate its feasibility for clinical application. Methods: CSF samples from 120 subjects [8 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with dementia (ADD), 2 mild cognitive dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease (ADMCI), 14 cognitively unimpaired (CU), and 96 neurological disease subjects] were analyzed. Aβ species were separated using the Shimadzu Nexera X2 system and quantitated using a Qtrap 5500 LC-MS/MS system. Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 levels were validated using ELISA. Results: CSF levels in CU were 666±249 pmol/L in Aβ1-38, 2199±725 pmol/L in Aβ1-40, 153.7±79.7 pmol/L in Aβ1-42, and 9.78±4.58 pmol/L in Aβ1-43. The ratio of the amounts of Aβ1-38, Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42, and Aβ1-43 was approximately 68:225:16:1. Linear regression analyses showed correlations among the respective Aβ species. Both Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 values were strongly correlated with ELISA measurements. No significant differences were observed in Aβ1-38 or Aβ1-40 levels between AD and CU. Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-43 levels were significantly lower, whereas the Aβ1-38/1-42, Aβ1-38/1-43, and Aβ1-40/Aβ1-43 ratios were significantly higher in AD than in CU. The basic assay profiles of the respective Aβ species were adequate for clinical usage. Conclusion: A quantitative LC-MS/MS assay of CSF Aβ species is as reliable as specific ELISA for clinical evaluation of CSF biomarkers for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Seino
- Department of Neurology, Hirosaki National Hospital, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Takumi Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tomoo Harada
- Bioanalysis Department, LSI Medience Corporation, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Nakahata
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Therapy, Hirosaki University of Health and Welfare, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuya Ueda
- Bioanalysis Department, LSI Medience Corporation, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Takatama
- Dementia Center, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Mikio Shoji
- Dementia Center, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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16
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Kawarabayashi T, Nakamura T, Takatama M, Shoji M. Oral immunization with soybean storage protein containing amyloid β4‐10 prevents spatial learning decline. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.036799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kawarabayashi
- Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital Maebashi Japan
- Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Maebashi Japan
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Takumi Nakamura
- Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Maebashi Japan
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | | | - Mikio Shoji
- Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital Maebashi Japan
- Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Maebashi Japan
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
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17
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Kikuchi Y, Miyamoto N, Urushida Y, Shimizu C, Amari M, Kawarabayashi T, Nakamura T, Takatama S, Naito I, Ikeda Y, Takatama M, Shoji M. Successful basilar artery dilatation in pure bilateral cerebral peduncular infarctions using balloon angioplasty. eNeurologicalSci 2020; 21:100282. [PMID: 33102821 PMCID: PMC7569187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2020.100282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An extremely rare case of bilateral cerebral peduncular infarctions (BCPI) is reported. The detection of the pure Mickey Mouse ears sign on MRI is an indicator of a need for reperfusion therapy. Severe stenosis of the basilar artery (BA) and a poor collateral supply from both posterior cerebral arteries were seen. Balloon angioplasty for the BA stenosis ameliorated the stenosis and produced a favorable outcome.
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Key Words
- BA, Basilar artery
- BCPI, Bilateral cerebral peduncular infarctions
- Balloon angioplasty
- Bilateral cerebral peduncular infarctions
- Collateral circulation
- DWI, Diffusion-weighted imaging
- FLAIR, Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
- HbA1c, Glycated hemoglobin
- LDL, Low-density lipoprotein
- MRA, Magnetic resonance angiography
- MRI, Magnetic resonance imaging
- Mickey mouse ears sign
- PCA, Posterior cerebral artery
- PICA, Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
- PcomA, Posterior communicating artery
- SCA, Superior cerebellar artery
- Vertebrobasilar artery stenosis
- mRS, modified Rankin Scale
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Kikuchi
- Department of Neurology, Isesaki Municipal Hospital, 12-1 Tsunatorihonmachi, Isesaki, Gunma 372-0817, Japan
| | - Naoko Miyamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, 3-26-8 Otomocho, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0847, Japan
| | - Yuki Urushida
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, 3-26-8 Otomocho, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0847, Japan
| | - Chisato Shimizu
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Takasaki General Medical Center, 36 Takamatsu-cho,Takasaki, Gunma 370-0829, Japan
| | - Masakuni Amari
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, 3-26-8 Otomocho, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0847, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawarabayashi
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, 3-26-8 Otomocho, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0847, Japan
| | - Takumi Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Shin Takatama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, 3-26-8 Otomocho, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0847, Japan
| | - Isao Naito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, 3-26-8 Otomocho, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0847, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ikeda
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Takatama
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, 3-26-8 Otomocho, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0847, Japan
| | - Mikio Shoji
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, 3-26-8 Otomocho, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0847, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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18
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Okamoto K, Amari M, Fukuda T, Suzuki K, Takatama M. Amyloid-β plaques may be reduced in advanced stages of cerebral amyloid angiopathy in the elderly. Neuropathology 2020; 40:474-481. [PMID: 32557936 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We examined 29 cases in which cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) was detected among routine aged autopsies. Most cases with severe CAA had many amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques in the occipital cortex. Nonetheless, two cases had few Aβ plaques with many small vessels and capillaries with CAA. In the two cases, severe CAA was widely distributed, except in the frontal lobes. Aβ deposits in capillaries often showed the characteristic pattern of dysphoric amyloid angiopathy. A few naked plaques were present. Although Aβ plaques were sparse near small vessels with CAA, there were many Aβ plaques distant from small vessels with CAA. Some of the remaining plaques had a moth-eaten appearance. Based on Aβ-positive star-like appearance and results of double immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein and Aβ1-42 , some astrocytes appeared to contain Aβ. Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1)-positive microglia were scattered within the neuropil, with some present around small vessels with CAA. Iba1-positive microglia also seemed to phagocytose Aβ in several senile plaques by double immunostaining. Neurons and neurites identified with a monoclonal antibody against phosphorylated tau (clone AT8) were occasionally detected in sparse plaque areas, with AT8-identified dot-like structures present around capillaries with CAA. Accumulation of T lymphocytes was detected around vessels in the subarachnoid space in one case. The morphological changes detected in our two cases were similar to those of morphological markers of plaque clearance after Aβ immunotherapy. Nonetheless, our cases did not receive Aβ immunotherapy, but similar pathologies were observed. Overall, advanced CAA cases, including our two cases, may be examples of plaque clearance without Aβ immunotherapy. Further studies are needed to resolve the mechanism of Aβ plaque clearance using these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masakuni Amari
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Toshio Fukuda
- Department of Pathology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Keiji Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Takatama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
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19
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Ichii S, Nakamura T, Kawarabayashi T, Takatama M, Ohgami T, Ihara K, Shoji M. CogEvo, a cognitive function balancer, is a sensitive and easy psychiatric test battery for age-related cognitive decline. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 20:248-255. [PMID: 31851431 PMCID: PMC7187406 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Aim We examined whether a newly developed computer‐aided neuropsychiatric series of test, CogEvo, is necessary and sufficient for the evaluation of cognitive function in older people. Methods A total of 272 participants in worthwhile life activity for the prevention of decline in mobility and cognitive function were administered tests every week at 33 locations in Fukaura‐machi, Japan. Basic profile information, a Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), a CogEvo and a clock drawing test were used in the present study. Results Our results are summarized as: (i) the total score of the CogEvo and MMSE tests decreased significantly according to age and in age group analysis; (ii) scores from the CogEvo and MMSE tests showed a significant correlation; (iii) MMSE scores showed marked ceiling effects; (iv) analysis of cognitive domains, such as orientation, attention, memory and executive function, and spatial cognition using CogEvo showed significant age‐dependent impairment; (v) CogEvo discriminated three score groups of MMSE results with sensitivity and specificity of 70% and 60% in the <23 score group, 78% and 54% in the 24–26 score group, and 85% and 70% in the >27 score group, respectively; (vi) CogEvo memory tests reflected more detailed recall function than registration function; and (vii) CogEvo spatial cognition test results were correlated with test items of the MMSE and clock drawing tests. Conclusions CogEvo is an easy and potentially useful computer‐aided test battery that can be used to evaluate age‐related or pathological decline in cognitive function from middle age and in preclinical stages of dementia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; ••: ••–••.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadanobu Ichii
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Takumi Nakamura
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawarabayashi
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Dementia Research Center, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Takatama
- Department of Neurology, Dementia Research Center, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohgami
- Department of Pharmacology, Aomori University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kazushige Ihara
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Mikio Shoji
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Dementia Research Center, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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20
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Okamoto K, Amari M, Fukuda T, Suzuki K, Takatama M. Astrocytic tau pathologies in aged human brain. Neuropathology 2019; 39:187-193. [PMID: 30937988 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Argyrophilic and tau-positive abnormal structures in astrocytes are frequent in aged brains, with a new nomenclature of aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG) proposed. The two major cytomorphologies of ARTAG are thorn-shaped astrocytes (TSA) and granular or fuzzy tau immunoreactivity in processes of astrocytes (GFA). We selected 28 cases in which many AT8-identified astrocytic tauopathies were observed in the central nervous system from 330 routine aged autopsied cases, including Alzheimer's disease. AT8-identified and Gallyas silver staining-positive TSA were observed in subpial, subependymal, perivascular areas as well as white matter. These TSA were 4-repeat (4R) tau-positive. In contrast, 3-repeat (3R)-tau was negative in TSA, but positive in short thick cell processes, likely neuropil threads, in subpial and subependymal areas. The frequency of 3R-tau-positive processes was variable. Small dot-like AT8-identified astrocytic processes surrounding vessels in the neuropil were also positive for 4R-tau, but negative for 3R-tau. GFA in cerebral gray matter were AT8-identified and Gallyas-positive, and positive for 4R-tau but negative for 3R-tau. In this study, we did not identify 3R-tau+/4R-tau+ or 3R-tau+/4R-tau- astrocytes. Further studies are needed to clarify the nature and progression of glial tau-positive structures in ARTAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masakuni Amari
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Toshio Fukuda
- Department of Pathology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Keiji Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Takatama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
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21
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Okamoto K, Naito I, Fukuda T, Suzuki K, Takatama M. Adult moyamoya disease associated with abundant phosphorylated tau accumulation in the brainstem: Report of a case with autopsy findings. Neuropathology 2017; 38:315-320. [PMID: 29282774 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a 72-year-old Japanese woman with moyamoya disease (MMD). She experienced her first intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) at the age of 32 years, and had nine ICHs and/or intraventricular hemorrhages during the following 40 years. Cerebral angiograms and vascular pathologies at autopsy confirmed that the patient suffered from MMD. Macroscopically, there were brown-colored changes in the subarachnoid space, mainly at the base of the brain and around the cerebellar hemispheres. Microscopically, hemosiderin deposits were observed mainly in the old hemorrhagic lesions and on the surface of the brainstem and cerebellum. Many AT8-immunoreactive neurons and neurites were observed in the pons and midbrain, mainly in the locus ceruleus and reticular formation in the midbrain. Several AT8-immunoreactive neurons and neurites were positive for Gallyas silver staining. A few tiny and short AT8-immunoreactive processes were observed in the molecular, Purkinje cell and granular layers of the cerebellum. There were a few phosphorylated tau accumulations in the cerebrum without senile plaques. Lewy pathologies and transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 kDa proteinopathy were not detected. We suspect that oxidative stress after repeated bleedings with long-term courses in the ventricles and subarachnoid space may accelerate phosphorylated tau accumulation in the brainstem. To our knowledge, this is the first report of MMD with tauopathy in the brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Isao Naito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Toshio Fukuda
- Department of Pathology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Keiji Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Takatama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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22
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Okamoto K, Amari M, Fukuda T, Suzuki K, Takatama M. Comparison of AT8 immunoreactivity in the locus ceruleus and hippocampus of 154 brains from routine autopsies. Neuropathology 2017; 37:306-310. [PMID: 28168741 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We compared semiquantitatively AT8 immunoreactivity in the locus ceruleus (LC) and hippocampus of 154 brains from routine autopsies to investigate the initial sites of phosphorylated tau (phospho-tau) development. The numbers of AT8-positive neurons and the severity of AT8-positive neuropil threads (NTs) in the LC were strongly associated: there were no cases with AT8-positive neurons that lacked NTs and 20 cases (13%) had only NTs in the LC. Phospho-tau pathologies in the LC were almost equally on both sides, although some cases (7.8%) showed unilateral predominance. The numbers of AT8-positive neurons in the LC and the numbers of AT8-positive neurons and NTs in the hippocampus were also strongly associated. There were only two cases with AT8-positive neurons in the LC that lacked phospho-tau pathology in the hippocampus, and 21 cases (13.6%) with phospho-tau pathology in the hippocampus that lacked AT8-positive neurons in the LC. The numbers of AT8-positive NTs in the LC and AT8-positive neurons and NTs in the hippocampus were also strongly associated. There were seven cases (4.5%) with AT8-positive NTs in the LC that lacked phospho-tau pathology in the hippocampus, and five cases (3.2 %) with phospho-tau pathologies in the hippocampus that lacked AT8-positive NTs in the LC. In this study, we could not confirm that phospho-tau pathologies begin in the LC. We suspect their simultaneous occurrences in both hippocampal regions and in LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masakuni Amari
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Toshio Fukuda
- Department of Pathology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Keiji Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Takatama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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Nagamine S, Yamazaki T, Makioka K, Fujita Y, Ikeda M, Takatama M, Okamoto K, Yokoo H, Ikeda Y. Hypersialylation is a common feature of neurofibrillary tangles and granulovacuolar degenerations in Alzheimer's disease and tauopathy brains. Neuropathology 2015; 36:333-45. [DOI: 10.1111/neup.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Nagamine
- Department of Neurology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Tsuneo Yamazaki
- Department of Rehabilitation; Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences; Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Kouki Makioka
- Department of Neurology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Yukio Fujita
- Department of Neurology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Masaki Ikeda
- Department of Neurology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Masamitsu Takatama
- Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Koichi Okamoto
- Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hideaki Yokoo
- Department of Human Pathology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Yoshio Ikeda
- Department of Neurology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Gunma Japan
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24
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Okamoto K, Fujita Y, Hoshino E, Tamura Y, Fukuda T, Hasegawa M, Takatama M. An autopsy case of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with aTARDBPQ343R mutation. Neuropathology 2015; 35:462-8. [DOI: 10.1111/neup.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Neurology; Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital; Maebashi Japan
| | - Yukio Fujita
- Department of Neurology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - Eri Hoshino
- Department of Neurology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - Yuhji Tamura
- Department of Internal Medicine; Kiboukan Hospital; Takasaki Japan
| | - Toshio Fukuda
- Department of Histopathology and Cytopathology; Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences; Maebashi Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Department of Neuropathology and Cell Biology; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masamitsu Takatama
- Department of Internal Medicine; Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital; Maebashi Japan
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25
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Ikeda M, Tashiro Y, Takai E, Kurose S, Fugami N, Tsuda K, Arisaka Y, Kodaira S, Fujita Y, Makioka K, Mizuno Y, Shimada H, Harigaya Y, Takatama M, Amari M, Yamazaki T, Yamaguchi H, Higuchi T, Okamoto K, Tsushima Y, Ikeda Y. CSF levels of Aβ1-38/Aβ1-40/Aβ1-42 and (11)C PiB-PET studies in three clinical variants of primary progressive aphasia and Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid 2014; 21:238-45. [PMID: 25139672 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2014.949231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a cognitive syndrome characterized by progressive and isolated language impairments due to neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, an international group of experts published a Consensus Classification of the three PPA clinical variants (naPPA, svPPA and lvPPA). We analyzed 24 patients with PPA by cognitive functions, neuroimaging (MRI, (99 m)Tc ECD-SPECT, (11)C PiB-PET and FDG-PET) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis (ptau-181, Aβ1-42, Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-38), to elucidate relationships between neuroimaging studies and biochemical findings in the three PPA clinical variants. Cognitive and speech functions were measured by mini-mental state examination and standard language test of aphasia. The patients with lvPPA showed significant decreases in CSF Aβ1-42 and ratios of Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42/Aβ1-38, and significant increases in CSF ptau-181 and ratios of ptau-181/Aβ1-42 and ptau-181/Aβ1-38; these findings were similar to those of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). We observed a higher frequency of the ApoE ε4 allele in the lvPPA patients relative to the two other PPA variants. In (11)C PiB-PET of lvPPA patients, PiB positive findings were detected in cortices of frontal, temporal and parietal lobes and the posterior cingulate, where massive Aβ may accumulate due to AD. Our results of AD-CSF markers including Aβ1-38 and (11)C PiB-PET in the lvPPA patients demonstrate a common pathological mechanism with the occurrence of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ikeda
- Departments of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine , Maebashi, Gunma , Japan
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26
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Okamoto K, Amari M, Fujita Y, Makioka K, Fukuda T, Suzuki K, Takatama M. Cytoplasmic TDP-43 accumulation in cells of the adrenal medulla in individuals with or without amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuropathology 2014; 34:535-40. [PMID: 25039310 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) is normally located predominantly in the nucleus, whereas pathological TDP-43 is mostly found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic TDP-43 accumulation has not yet been reported in normal general organs. In our preliminary study, paraffin sections of the general organs of individuals with or without amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) were immunostained with antibodies against TDP-43 and phosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43). Diffuse and granular immunostaining pattern of TDP-43 and pTDP-43 were observed frequently in the cytoplasm of renal tubular cells, and less frequently in the cells of several organs; however, the majority of these immunoreactivities were nonspecific biotin reactions. Conversely, many TDP-43-positive and pTDP-43-negative cytoplasmic accumulations were observed in the adrenal medulla in every individual (with or without ALS). Skein-like or round inclusions were not observed. The cells in the adrenal medulla were well preserved, and the cytoplasmic TDP-43 accumulations were frequent in the cells of all routine autopsy cases without loss of nuclear TDP-43 immunostaining; therefore, we considered that this was a physiological phenomenon. This is the first study that demonstrated the cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43 in routinely autopsied cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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27
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Ikeda M, Tashiro Y, Arai K, Kurose S, Takai E, Fugami N, Tsuda K, Shimada H, Amari M, Harigaya Y, Takatama M, Yamazaki T, Yamaguchi H, Okamoto K, Higuchi T, Tsushima Y, Ikeda Y. P2‐158: CLINICAL FEATURES OF POSTERIOR CORTICAL ATROPHY VERSUS ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. Alzheimers Dement 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.05.834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ikeda
- Gunma University Graduate School of MedicineMaebashiJapan
| | | | - Kunihiko Arai
- Sizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological DisordersShizuokaJapan
| | - Sachiko Kurose
- Gunma University Graduate School of MedicineMaebashiJapan
| | - Eriko Takai
- Gunma University Graduate School of MedicineMaebashiJapan
| | - Naoko Fugami
- Gunma University Graduate School of MedicineMaebashiJapan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yoshio Ikeda
- Gunma University Graduate School of MedicineMaebashiJapan
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28
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Suzuki K, Sakata N, Hiraishi K, Mori I, Takatama M. Pathogenesis of focal cytoplasmic necrosis of the smooth muscle cells in hypertensive rat arterial media. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2014; 47:211-7. [PMID: 25861127 PMCID: PMC4387242 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.14006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive rat arteries exhibited severe medial smooth muscle cell injury and necrosis. Electron microscopic observations showed the smooth muscle cells of these arteries exhibited characteristics of focal cytoplasmic necrosis forming new cytodemarcating membrane between the healthy cytoplasm and necrotic cytoplasm. When the focal necrotic cytoplasm disappeared from the injured smooth muscle cells, it left it with a moth-eaten leaf-like appearance (moth-eaten necrosis). At an advanced stage of injury, smooth muscle cells changed to islet-like cell bodies with newly formed basement membranes around them, and further islet-like cell bodies and cell debris disappeared leaving lamellar and reticular basement membranes. In hypertensive rats injected with nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), formazan deposits were observed in the medial cells and nitrotyrosine, a biomarker of peroxynitrite, were immunohistochemically observed in the arterial media. Nick-end positive extranuclear small granular bodies, which might have derived from focal necrotic cytoplasm and nucleus, were detected in the arterial media using DNA nick-end labeling method. Based on electron microscopical and histochemical findings, we conjectured that the focal cytoplasmic necrosis of the smooth muscle cells in the arterial media depended on injury arising from mitochondria-derived oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noriyuki Sakata
- Second Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
| | | | - Ichiro Mori
- Department of Pathology, Mita Hospital International University of Health and Welfare
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29
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Makioka K, Yamazaki T, Takatama M, Ikeda M, Okamoto K. Immunolocalization of Smurf1 in Hirano bodies. J Neurol Sci 2013; 336:24-8. [PMID: 24238996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1) is one of the E3 ubiquitin ligases and is related to multiple biological processes. Despite the various roles played by this protein, there is no report on the function of Smurf1 in neurodegeneration. Hirano bodies (HBs) are intracellular structures within neuronal processes and were first described in the hippocampus of individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and the parkinsonism-dementia complex of Guam. In addition, the number of HBs increases in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared with age-matched non-demented control individuals. In this study, we immunohistochemically demonstrated that Smurf1 localized in HBs in the brains of patients with AD by using plural anti-Smurf1 antibodies, and Smurf1 co-localized with HBs marker proteins by using confocal microscopy. Moreover, we demonstrated that Smurf1 localized in HB-like F-actin aggregates in a cell culture system via treatment with the actin-stabilizing toxin jasplakinolide (jpk). Smurf1 represents a novel protein component of HBs, to be included in an expanding list of HB-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Makioka
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan.
| | | | | | - Masaki Ikeda
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan; Geriatric Research Institute and Hospital, Gunma, Japan
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30
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Ikeda M, Tsuda K, Tashiro Y, Takai E, Kurose S, Fugami N, Amari M, Harigaya Y, Yamazaki T, Yamaguchi H, Takatama M, Okamoto K, Higuchi T, Tsushima Y. P4–364: Analysis of cognition, CSF and neuroimaging in cases of progressive aphasia. Alzheimers Dement 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.08.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ikeda
- Gunma University School of Medicine Maebashi Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Masakuni Amari
- Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital Maebashi Japan
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31
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Ikeda M, Yonemura K, Kakuda S, Tashiro Y, Fujita Y, Takai E, Hashimoto Y, Makioka K, Furuta N, Ishiguro K, Maruki R, Yoshida J, Miyaguchi O, Tsukie T, Kuwano R, Yamazaki T, Yamaguchi H, Amari M, Takatama M, Harigaya Y, Okamoto K. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of phosphorylated tau and Aβ1-38/Aβ1-40/Aβ1-42 in Alzheimer's disease with PS1 mutations. Amyloid 2013; 20:107-12. [PMID: 23638752 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2013.790810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We studied seven cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Six of the patients had presenilin 1 (PS1) mutations (PS1AD). Three novel PS1 mutations (T99A, H131R and L219R) and three other missense mutations (M233L, H163R and V272A) were found in the PS1AD group. We measured the levels of phosphorylated tau (ptau-181, ptau-199) and Aβ (Aβ1-42, Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-38) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of PS1AD patients, early-onset sporadic AD (EOSAD), late-onset sporadic AD (LOSAD) and non-demented subjects (ND). The CSF levels of Aβ1-42 in the three AD groups were significantly lower than those of the ND group (p < 0.0001). CSF levels of Aβ1-42 in the PS1AD group were significantly lower than those in the two sporadic AD groups. The Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-38 levels in the CSF of the PS1AD group were significantly lower than those of the three other groups (p < 0.0001, respectively). The levels of Aβ1-40, Aβ1-38 and Aβ1-42 in the CSF of the PS1AD group remained lower than those of the ND group for 4 years. Not only CSF Aβ1-42, but also Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-38 decreased in the advanced stages of PS1AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ikeda
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
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Sakurai A, Makioka K, Fukuda T, Takatama M, Okamoto K. Accumulation of phosphorylated TDP-43 in the CNS of a patient with Cockayne syndrome. Neuropathology 2013; 33:673-7. [PMID: 23581709 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report a case of Cockayne syndrome (CS) in a Japanese man who displayed a unique pathology of phosphorylated trans-activation response (TAR) DNA-binding protein 43 (pTDP-43) with abundant Rosenthal fibers. Many round pTDP-43-positive structures were detected throughout the CNS; however, most of them were located in two regions that also exhibited neuronal depletion: the cerebellar cortex and the inferior olivary nucleus. To a lesser extent, these aggregates were also present in the cerebellar white matter, around the subependymal regions in the brain stem, and in the spinal cord. Intraneuronal pTDP-43 inclusions were only observed in a small number of neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus. Double-label immunofluorescence revealed that many of the aggregates were localized to astrocytes. The observed distribution and the morphology of the pTDP-43-positive structures were unique and have not yet been reported. Therefore, a pTDP-43-related pathology may be implicated in CS as well as in other neurodegenerative diseases such as frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Whether the pathology of these diseases reflects a primary neurodegenerative process or a secondary reaction is not known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sakurai
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; Department of Neurology, Hanna-Sawarabi Ryoikuen, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan
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Furuta N, Makioka K, Fujita Y, Ikeda M, Takatama M, Matsuoka M, Okamoto K. Reduced expression of BTBD10 in anterior horn cells with
G
olgi fragmentation and
pTDP
‐43‐positive inclusions in patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuropathology 2013; 33:397-404. [DOI: 10.1111/neup.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Furuta
- Department of Neurology Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kouki Makioka
- Department of Neurology Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yukio Fujita
- Department of Neurology Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masaki Ikeda
- Department of Neurology Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masamitsu Takatama
- Department of Internal Medicine Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital Gunma
| | | | - Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Neurology Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
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Ikeda M, Hirayanagi K, Arai M, Kakuda S, Makioka K, Furuta N, Takai E, Kasahara H, Tsukagoshi S, Fujita Y, Amari M, Takatama M, Nakazato Y, Okamoto K. Encephalopathy with amyloid angiopathy and numerous amyloid plaques with low levels of CSF Aβ1-40/Aβ1-42. Amyloid 2012; 19:186-90. [PMID: 22994303 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2012.725113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A middle-aged male suffering from encephalopathy with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) with amyloid beta (Aβ) presented with initial symptoms of transient consciousness disturbance and left visual field photophobia. Lesions with aberrantly high signal on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain appeared in the right temporal lobe posterior to the occipital lobe and spread to other areas. Brain biopsy revealed Aβ deposits in vascular walls and numerous diffuse plaques in parenchymal areas. Based on MRI findings, Initial corticosteroid therapy with beta methasone effectively improved the neurological symptoms of consciousness disturbance and motor deficits. After corticosteroid therapy was stopped at 4 weeks, recurrence occurred. Additional corticosteroids did not improve clinical symptoms and the patient progressed to a bed-ridden state with a severe consciousness disturbance. Notably, CSF Aβ1-42 and CSF Aβ1-40 decreased while the recurrent encephalopathy worsened. After intense deterioration, the patient became stable. CSF Aβ1-42 increased but remained at a very low level. This case of CAA encephalopathy with apolipoprotein E ϵ4/ϵ4 homozygosity showed Aβ deposits in vascular walls and numerous diffuse plaques in parenchymal areas. The clinical course suggests that reduction of CSF Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40 might be related to clinical deterioration in cases of encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ikeda
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan.
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Hirayanagi K, Ikeda M, Arai M, Kakuda S, Makioka K, Furuta N, Kasahara H, Takatama M, Amari M, Nakzato Y, Okamoto K. P1‐061: Cerebral encephalopathy with cerebral amyloid angiopathy and numerous amyloid plaques presenting aberrant low levels of CSF Aβ 40/1–42. Alzheimers Dement 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2012.05.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a sporadic neurodegenerative disorder. Its histopathological features include glial cytoplasmic inclusions that contain α-synuclein as the main component. Recently, multiple lines of evidence have suggested a role for lysosomes in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases. To elucidate whether lysosomes are also implicated in the pathology of MSA, we carried out an immunohistochemical study using antibodies against lysosomal proteins in the brains of patients with MSA and in control brains. A robust increase in the expression and an alteration in the morphology and distribution of lysosomal-protein-positive structures were observed in MSA brains. Double immunohistochemistry demonstrated that lysosomal markers did not colocalize mainly with glial cytoplasmic inclusions, but colocalized with a microglial marker. These immunohistochemical signatures suggest that lysosomes are activated in microglia during the disease process, and play a pivotal role in the pathology of MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Makioka
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan.
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Mizuno Y, Fujita Y, Takatama M, Okamoto K. Comparison of phosphorylated TDP-43-positive inclusions in oculomotor neurons in patients with non-ALS and ALS disorders. J Neurol Sci 2012; 315:20-5. [PMID: 22257502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
TDP-43 has been identified as a major component of the pathological inclusions in most forms of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive inclusions and in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In the present study, paraffin sections of the midbrain in 112 patients with various non-ALS disorders and 27 patients with sporadic ALS were immunostained with antibody against phosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43). pTDP-43-positive inclusions in oculomotor neurons were detected in 18 of 112 patients with non-ALS disorders (16.1%). The appearance of the inclusions showed fine filamentous structures rather than the skein-like inclusions seen in the anterior horn cells of ALS spinal cords. The incidence was increased in the age range of 80-89 years old (10/37 cases; 27.0%), in which 6 of 10 cases demonstrated AD pathology in the temporal lobes. Twenty-seven ALS patients were examined and the findings were compared with those of non-ALS patients. There were 13 cases demonstrating pTDP-43-positive inclusions (48.1%) which showed stronger immunoreactivities in ALS cases. This is the first report demonstrating fine filamentous pTDP-43-positive inclusions in oculomotor neurons in non-ALS disorders. Although the mechanisms underlying pTDP-43 in oculomotor neurons are currently unknown, its detection is of interest, and the expression may occur not only in ALS but also during the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Mizuno
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
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Abstract
We report an autopsy case of a 75-year-old Japanese woman with motor neuron disease (MND) showing numerous neuronal and glial inclusions immunostained with anti-fused in sarcoma (FUS) antibody. At 73 years, she received a diagnosis of MND and died of respiratory insufficiency 2 years later. No mutation was found in all exons of the FUS gene. Neuropathological examination revealed a reduced number of anterior horn cells and degeneration of the pyramidal tracts. Neither Bunina bodies nor inclusions positive for ubiquitin/phosphorylated TAR DNA binding protein of 43 kD (pTDP-43), such as skein-like or round inclusions, were observed. However, basophilic inclusions (BIs) were frequently observed in the remaining neurons of the anterior horns, facial nuclei, hypoglossal nuclei, vestibular nuclei, dentate nuclei and inferior olivary nuclei. In an immunohistochemical analysis, the BIs showed strong immunoreactivity with anti-FUS and anti-ubiquitin-binding protein p62 (p62) antibodies. The nuclear staining of FUS was preserved in some neurons with FUS-positive inclusions, and a few FUS-positive glial inclusions were found. FUS-positive inclusions were more common than p62-positive inclusions in some anatomical regions, and in some neurons, p62 immunoreactivity was observed in only parts of the BIs. These results suggest that BI formation and TDP-43 aggregation have different pathogenic mechanisms, and FUS may play an important role in the pathogenesis of MND with BIs. This patient has the oldest reported age of onset for MND with BIs, and clinical features observed in this patient were indistinguishable from those of classic sporadic MND. Therefore, we consider that the age of onset and clinical features of FUS-related disorders may be variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Fujita
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
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Mizuno Y, Fujita Y, Takatama M, Okamoto K. Peripherin partially localizes in Bunina bodies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2011; 302:14-8. [PMID: 21241994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2010.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peripherin is a type III intermediate filament protein expressed with low levels in spinal motor neurons. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by the presence of Bunina bodies, skein-like inclusions, and Lewy body-like inclusions (LBLIs) in the remaining anterior horn cells, where the first and third structures are detected by Hematoxylin-Eosin (H & E) staining. We examined paraffin sections of lumbar spinal cords from six ALS patients, using H & E staining and immunostaining for human peripherin. The results demonstrated that there were a total of 73 anterior horn cells containing one or more Bunina bodies, and that twelve of these cells (approximately 16.4%) demonstrated peripherin-positive Bunina bodies. In fact, some part of chain-like Bunina bodies showed peripherin-positive reaction, although there were a much higher number of non-immunoreacitive Bunina bodies in each neuron. LBLIs were clearly immunostained for peripherin corresponding to the core, while some of them showed different types of immunoreactivities due to oblique cutting of inclusions. Our findings suggest that although the mechanisms underlying peripherin co-localization in Bunina bodies are unknown, peripherin could be involved in forming these inclusions. Furthermore, following cystatin C and transferrin, peripherin is the third most prevalent protein that partially localizes in Bunina bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Mizuno
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
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Ohyama Y, Iso T, Niño ACV, Obokata M, Takahashi R, Okumura W, Nakano A, Amano M, Naito I, Takatama M, Kurabayashi M. Multiple spontaneous coronary artery ruptures and cardiac tamponade in vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. J Cardiol Cases 2010; 3:e29-e32. [PMID: 30532829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jccase.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of a 45-year-old woman with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) type IV, the vascular type, who presented with multiple coronary artery ruptures causing cardiac tamponade. She had sudden onset of chest pain soon after transarterial embolization for right carotid-cavernous fistula. Transthoracic echocardiography confirmed cardiac tamponade and hypokinetic inferolateral wall. Enhanced CT and transesophageal echocardiography ruled out aortic dissection. Coronary angiography showed contrast extravasation from multiple sites of the right coronary artery and left circumflex coronary artery. We suspected EDS type IV, and a skin biopsy for DNA and RNA analysis was done after taking written informed consent. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of the PCR product showed a heterozygous missense mutation of codon 85 in the COL3A1 gene, which converted glycine to aspartic acid, and thus a diagnosis of EDS type IV was established. To our best knowledge, this is the first case of EDS type IV causing multiple coronary artery ruptures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Ohyama
- Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Iso
- Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.,Education and Research Center, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Adriana Carolina Vargas Niño
- Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Masaru Obokata
- Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Rieko Takahashi
- Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Wataru Okumura
- Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Masao Amano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, 3-26-8 Otomo-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0847, Japan
| | - Isao Naito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, 3-26-8 Otomo-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0847, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Takatama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, 3-26-8 Otomo-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0847, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kurabayashi
- Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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Makioka K, Yamazaki T, Fujita Y, Takatama M, Okamoto K. P1‐040: The early involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress defined by activated unfolded protein response in multiple system atrophy. Alzheimers Dement 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2010.05.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Makioka
- Geriatric Research Institute and HospitalMaebashi Japan
- Gunma University Graduate School of MedicineMaebashi Japan
| | | | - Yukio Fujita
- Gunma University Graduate School of MedicineMaebashi Japan
| | | | - Koichi Okamoto
- Gunma University Graduate School of MedicineMaebashi Japan
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43
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Okamoto K, Yoshida M, Banno H, Mochizuki Y, Nishiguchi A, Hamano T, Nishimura M, Takatama M. FP07-MO-05 Neuropathological studies of patients with non-herpetic acute limbic encephalitis. J Neurol Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(09)70300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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44
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Kadokura A, Yamazaki T, Kakuda S, Makioka K, Lemere CA, Fujita Y, Takatama M, Okamoto K. Phosphorylation-dependent TDP-43 antibody detects intraneuronal dot-like structures showing morphological characters of granulovacuolar degeneration. Neurosci Lett 2009; 463:87-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Revised: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kadokura A, Yamazaki T, Lemere CA, Takatama M, Okamoto K. Regional distribution of TDP-43 inclusions in Alzheimer disease (AD) brains: their relation to AD common pathology. Neuropathology 2009; 29:566-73. [PMID: 19422539 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2009.01017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Initially, trans activation responsive region (TAR)-DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) was considered to be a disease-specific component of ubiquitin-positive and tau-negative inclusions in the brains of patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive inclusions (FTLD-U) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); however, it is now widely known that this protein also abnormally accumulates in neurons in other neurodegenerative diseases. On the basis of observation mainly in the medial temporal lobe, TDP-43-immunoreactive neuronal inclusions have been detected in 20-30% of Alzheimer disease (AD) brains. However, it is controversial whether these cases represent a combined disease, that is, mixed AD/FTLD-U. To address this issue, it is necessary to obtain more knowledge on the region-specific distribution of TDP-43 immunoreactivity and also about its relationship to AD common pathology. Here, we describe abnormal TDP-43 immunoreactivity in the medial temporal lobe in 5/16 AD patients (31%). Most of the depositions were cytoplasmic inclusions, mainly located in the subiculum and parahippocampal gyrus and rarely in dentate granular cells of the hippocampus. TDP-43-positive inclusions and senile plaque/neurofibrillary tangle distribution were not always identical, and intracellular colocalizations of TDP-43 and phospho-tau were also infrequent. The cases showing TDP-43-positive inclusions in the medial temporal lobe also showed abnormally highly dense TDP-43 immunoreactivity in the frontal, but not in the parietal and occipital cortices. Intracellularly, TDP-43-positive inclusions were highly ubiquitinated and colocalized with p62 immunoreactivity as well. Our findings suggest that abnormal TDP-43 deposition and AD pathology (formation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles) might occur independently. However, taken together with the results of previous reports, the distribution of TDP-43 immunoreactivity in the hippocampus and frontal cortex in AD appear to be varying. We consider that it is still too early to determine that the TDP-43 accumulation is a part of AD pathology or result from a completely independent pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Kadokura
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
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Fujita Y, Mizuno Y, Takatama M, Okamoto K. Anterior horn cells with abnormal TDP-43 immunoreactivities show fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus in ALS. J Neurol Sci 2008; 269:30-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2007.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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47
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Okamoto K, Yamazaki T, Banno H, Sobue G, Yoshida M, Takatama M. Neuropathological studies of patients with possible non-herpetic acute limbic encephalitis and so-called acute juvenile female non-herpetic encephalitis. Intern Med 2008; 47:231-6. [PMID: 18277022 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.47.0547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was to clarify the neuropathological findings of non-herpetic acute limbic encephalitis (NHALE) and so-called acute juvenile female non-herpetic encephalitis (AJFNHE). METHODS We examined three rare autopsied cases consisting of probable one NHALE and two AJFNHLE. For comparison, we also studied 10 autopsied cases of hippocampal sclerosis mainly caused by anoxia. RESULTS In NHALE, neuronal loss with gliosis and microglia/macrophage infiltrations were mainly seen in the CA1 areas in the hippocampus. However, there were no apparent anoxic neuronal changes in the remaining neurons in the CA1, and astrocyte proliferations and microglia/macrophage infiltrations were also observed in the claustrum, while these were mildly present in the basal ganglia. In AJFNHE, pathological findings differed from those of NHALE with regard of the absence of limited pathology in the limbic system, microglia/macrophages widely infiltrated the brain including the hippocampal areas and mild lymphocytic infiltrations were observed in the subarachnoid spaces as well as in the parenchyma. CONCLUSIONS The pathomechanism of NHALE and AJFNHE is obscure and autoimmune theory is proposed, however we must collect and examine many autopsied cases in order to clarify the pathomechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Meabashi, Japan.
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Abstract
The pathogenesis of état criblé in experimental hypertensive rat brain was studied. Macroscopically, the hypertensive rat brain showed marked subarachnoidal edema. Cystic dilatation of the subarachnoid space, softening, and perivascular dilatation or état criblé, in the caudate putamen, frontoparietal cortex, and basal ganglia were observed by light microscope. Perivascular dilatation was noted not only around the intracerebral arteries and arterioles but also around the veins and venules. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy also confirmed the presence of perivascular dilatation around the same vessels. In addition, transmission electron microscopy confirmed the increased permeability of the endothelial cells in the intracerebral arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, and capillaries of brains with état criblé. Severe medial cell injuries of the arteries and arterioles and edema-induced destruction of the brain around the dilated perivascular space were also observed. Scanning electron microscopy revealed mild or cystic dilatation of the perivascular space, a net-like structure on both sides of the arachnoidal cells resulting in markedly dilated and numerically increased fenestra, and degenerative changes in the perivascular brain tissue. In conclusion, état criblé in experimental hypertensive rat brain results from an increase in perivascular fluid-induced degeneration of the perivascular brain tissue that is in turn induced by an increase in the permeability of blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Suzuki
- Division of Histopathology, Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University School of Health Sciences, Gunma, Japan
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Hayashi S, Amari M, Takatama M, Okamoto K. Morphometric and topographical studies of small neurons in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spinal gray matter. Neuropathology 2007; 27:121-6. [PMID: 17494512 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2007.00754.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Little attention has been paid to the degeneration of small neurons in ALS spinal gray matter. The purpose of the present paper was to undertake morphometric and quantitative analysis of the spinal gray matter of 15 ALS patients and compare findings to those of five controls. A significant reduction of small neurons in the anteromedial and intermediate parts of the gray matter were detected in ALS spinal cords with diffuse myelin pallor in the ventral aspects of the anterolateral columns outside the corticospinal tracts, and the number of small neurons in these areas was decreased significantly depending on the intensity of the myelin pallor. There were no significant alterations in the number of small neurons in the corresponding areas of ALS spinal cords without diffuse myelin pallor or in those of controls. In the posterior parts of the gray matter, there were no significant differences in the number of small neurons among ALS patients and controls. These findings strongly suggest that diffuse myelin pallor in the ventral aspects of anterolateral columns in ALS spinal cords is derived from the degeneration of small neurons in the anteromedial and intermediate parts of the gray matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Hayashi
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan.
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Ikeda M, Mizushima K, Fujita Y, Watanabe M, Sasaki A, Makioka K, Enoki M, Nakamura M, Otani T, Takatama M, Okamoto K. Familial amyloid polyneuropathy (Finnish type) in a Japanese family: Clinical features and immunocytochemical studies. J Neurol Sci 2007; 252:4-8. [PMID: 17097682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2006.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2006] [Revised: 08/31/2006] [Accepted: 09/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP: type IV), known as familial amyloidosis of the Finnish type (FAF), is very rare and reported only in a few countries. The gelsolin mutation G654A is most frequent causative gene in FAF family. The clinical phenotype of FAF possesses several neurological characteristics with multiple cranial nerve signs, in addition to a peculiar exanthema of "lichen amyloidosus" and pendulous skin "cutis laxa", and the carpal tunnel syndrome. We report a new Japanese FAF family presenting bilateral atrophies and fasciculations of the facial muscles and tongue. The patients in our family presented with skin changes as "lichen amyloidosus" and "cutis laxa". In this FAF family, lichen amyloidosus appeared under sunlight and high temperatures in the summer season every year. Two patients in our family presented with common clinical features of FAF, except for the above laboratory results. Including previous cases and our family, this clinical phenotype is similar to the gelsolin gene mutation (G654A) in FAF family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ikeda
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
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