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Heileson JL, Anzalone AJ, Carbuhn AF, Askow AT, Stone JD, Turner SM, Hillyer LM, Ma DWL, Luedke JA, Jagim AR, Oliver JM. The effect of omega-3 fatty acids on a biomarker of head trauma in NCAA football athletes: a multi-site, non-randomized study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2021; 18:65. [PMID: 34579748 PMCID: PMC8477477 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-021-00461-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background American-style football (ASF) athletes are at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and exhibit elevated levels of serum neurofilament light (Nf-L), a biomarker of axonal injury that is associated with repetitive head impact exposure over the course of a season of competition. Supplementation with the w-3 fatty acid (FA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) attenuates serum Nf-L elevations and improves aspects of CVD, such as the omega-3 index (O3I). However, the effect of combining the w-3 FA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) with DHA on, specifically, serum Nf-L in ASF athletes is unknown. Therefore, this study assessed the effect of supplemental w-3 FA (EPA+DPA+DHA) on serum Nf-L, plasma w-3 FAs, the O3I, and surrogate markers of inflammation over the course of a season. Methods A multi-site, non-randomized design, utilizing two American football teams was employed. One team (n = 3 1) received supplementation with a highly bioavailablew-3 FA formulation (2000mg DHA, 560mg EPA, 320mg DPA, Mindset®, Struct Nutrition, Missoula, MT) during pre-season and throughout the regular season, while the second team served as the control (n = 35) and did not undergo supplementation. Blood was sampled at specific times throughout pre- and regular season coincident w ith changes in intensity, physical contact, and changes in the incidence and severity of head impacts. Group differences were determined via a mixed-model between-within subjects ANOVA. Effect sizes were calculated using Cohen’s dfor all between-group differences. Significance was set a priori at p< .05. Results Compared to the control group, ASF athletes in the treatment group experienced large increases in plasma EPA (p < .001, d = 1.71) and DHA (p < .001, d = 2.10) which contributed to increases in the O3I (p < .001, d = 2.16) and the EPA:AA ratio (p = .001, d = 0.83) and a reduction in the w-6: w-3 ratio (p < .001, d = 1.80). w-3 FA supplementation attenuated elevations in Nf-L (p = .024). The control group experienced a significant increase in Nf-L compared to baseline at several measurement time points (T2, T3, and T4 [p range < .001 – .005, drange = 0.59-0.85]). Conclusions These findings suggest a cardio- and neuroprotective effect of combined EPA+DPA+DHA w-3 FA supplementation in American-style football athletes. Trial registration This trial was registered with the ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN90306741).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery L Heileson
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Andrew T Askow
- Nutrition and Exercise Performance Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Jason D Stone
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Stephanie M Turner
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Lyn M Hillyer
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Joel A Luedke
- Athletics Department, University of Wisconsin - La Crosse, La Crosse, WI, USA
| | - Andrew R Jagim
- Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health Systems, Onalaska, WI, USA
| | - Jonathan M Oliver
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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2
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Jäger R, Zaragoza J, Purpura M, Iametti S, Marengo M, Tinsley GM, Anzalone AJ, Oliver JM, Fiore W, Biffi A, Urbina S, Taylor L. Probiotic Administration Increases Amino Acid Absorption from Plant Protein: a Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Crossover Study. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:1330-1339. [PMID: 32358640 PMCID: PMC7641926 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09656-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The fate of dietary protein in the gut is determined by microbial and host digestion and utilization. Fermentation of proteins generates bioactive molecules that have wide-ranging health effects on the host. The type of protein can affect amino acid absorption, with animal proteins generally being more efficiently absorbed compared with plant proteins. In contrast to animal proteins, most plant proteins, such as pea protein, are incomplete proteins. Pea protein is low in methionine and contains lower amounts of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), which play a crucial role in muscle health. We hypothesized that probiotic supplementation results in favorable changes in the gut microbiota, aiding the absorption of amino acids from plant proteins by the host. Fifteen physically active men (24.2 ± 5.0 years; 85.3 ± 12.9 kg; 178.0 ± 7.6 cm; 16.7 ± 5.8% body fat) co-ingested 20 g of pea protein with either AminoAlta™, a multi-strain probiotic (5 billion CFU L. paracasei LP-DG® (CNCM I-1572) plus 5 billion CFU L. paracasei LPC-S01 (DSM 26760), SOFAR S.p.A., Italy) or a placebo for 2 weeks in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design, separated by a 4-week washout period. Blood samples were taken at baseline and at 30-, 60-, 120-, and 180-min post-ingestion and analyzed for amino acid content. Probiotic administration significantly increased methionine, histidine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, total BCAA, and total EAA maximum concentrations (Cmax) and AUC without significantly changing the time to reach maximum concentrations. Probiotic supplementation can be an important nutritional strategy to improve post-prandial changes in blood amino acids and to overcome compositional shortcomings of plant proteins. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: ISRCTN38903788.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Zaragoza
- Human Performance Laboratory, School of Exercise & Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, USA
| | | | - Stefania Iametti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Marengo
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Grant M Tinsley
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Stacie Urbina
- Human Performance Laboratory, School of Exercise & Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, USA
| | - Lem Taylor
- Human Performance Laboratory, School of Exercise & Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, USA
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Oliver JM, Anzalone AJ, Turner SM. Protection Before Impact: the Potential Neuroprotective Role of Nutritional Supplementation in Sports-Related Head Trauma. Sports Med 2018; 48:39-52. [PMID: 29368186 PMCID: PMC5790849 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0847-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Even in the presence of underreporting, sports-related concussions/mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) are on the rise. In the absence of proper diagnosis, an athlete may return to play prior to full recovery, increasing the risk of second-impact syndrome or protracted symptoms. Recent evidence has demonstrated that sub-concussive impacts, those sustained routinely in practice and competition, result in a quantifiable pathophysiological response and the accumulation of both concussive and sub-concussive impacts sustained over a lifetime of sports participation may lead to long-term neurological impairments and an increased risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases. The pathophysiological, neurometabolic, and neurochemical cascade that initiates subsequent to the injury is complex and involves multiple mechanisms. While pharmaceutical treatments may target one mechanism, specific nutrients and nutraceuticals have been discovered to impact several pathways, presenting a broader approach. Several studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of nutritional supplementation in the treatment of mTBI. However, given that many concussions go unreported and sub-concussive impacts result in a pathophysiological response that, too, may contribute to long-term brain health, protection prior to impact is warranted. This review discusses the current literature regarding the role of nutritional supplements that, when provided before mTBI and traumatic brain injury, may provide neurological protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Oliver
- Sports Concussion Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University (TCU), Box 297730, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA.
| | - Anthony J Anzalone
- Sports Concussion Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University (TCU), Box 297730, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - Stephanie M Turner
- Sports Concussion Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University (TCU), Box 297730, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
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Oliver JM, Anzalone AJ, Stone JD, Turner SM, Blueitt D, Garrison JC, Askow AT, Luedke JA, Jagim AR. Fluctuations in blood biomarkers of head trauma in NCAA football athletes over the course of a season. J Neurosurg 2018; 130:1-8. [PMID: 29807487 DOI: 10.3171/2017.12.jns172035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVERepetitive subconcussive head trauma is a consequence of participation in contact sports and may be linked to neurodegenerative diseases. The degree of neurological injury caused by subconcussive head trauma is not easily detectible, and this injury does not induce readily identifiable clinical signs or symptoms. Recent advancements in immunoassays make possible the detection and quantification of blood biomarkers linked to head trauma. Identification of a blood biomarker that can identify the extent of neurological injury associated with subconcussive head trauma may provide an objective measure for informed decisions concerning cumulative exposure to subconcussive head trauma. The purpose of the current study was to examine changes in the blood biomarkers of subconcussive head trauma over the course of an American football season.METHODSThirty-five National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) American football athletes underwent blood sampling throughout the course of a football season. Serial samples were obtained throughout the 2016 season, during which the number and magnitude of head impacts changed. Blood samples were analyzed for plasma concentrations of tau and serum concentrations of neurofilament light polypeptide (NF-L). Athletes were grouped based on their starter status, because athletes identified as starters are known to sustain a greater number of impacts. Between-group differences and time-course differences were assessed.RESULTSIn nonstarters, plasma concentrations of tau decreased over the course of the season, with lower values observed in starters; this resulted in a lower area under the curve (AUC) (starters: 416.78 ± 129.17 pg/ml/day; nonstarters: 520.84 ± 163.19 pg/ml/day; p = 0.050). Plasma concentrations of tau could not be used to discern between starters and nonstarters. In contrast, serum concentrations of NF-L increased throughout the season as head impacts accumulated, specifically in those athletes categorized as starters. The higher serum concentrations of NF-L observed in starters resulted in a larger AUC (starters: 1605.03 ± 655.09 pg/ml/day; nonstarters: 1067.29 ± 272.33 pg/ml/day; p = 0.007). The AUC of the receiver operating characteristic curve analyses displayed fair to modest accuracy to identify athletes who were starters with the use of serum NF-L following periods of repetitive impacts.CONCLUSIONSThe different patterns observed in serum NF-L and plasma tau concentrations provide preliminary evidence for the use of blood biomarkers to detect the neurological injury associated with repetitive subconcussive head trauma. Although further investigation is necessary, such findings might lay the foundation for the further development of an objective measure for the detection of neurological injury caused by subconcussive head trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Oliver
- 1Sports Concussion Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University
- 3Texas Health Sports Medicine, Fort Worth, Texas; and
| | - Anthony J Anzalone
- 1Sports Concussion Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University
- 3Texas Health Sports Medicine, Fort Worth, Texas; and
| | - Jason D Stone
- 1Sports Concussion Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University
- 3Texas Health Sports Medicine, Fort Worth, Texas; and
| | - Stephanie M Turner
- 1Sports Concussion Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University
- 3Texas Health Sports Medicine, Fort Worth, Texas; and
| | - Damond Blueitt
- 1Sports Concussion Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University
- 3Texas Health Sports Medicine, Fort Worth, Texas; and
| | - J Craig Garrison
- 1Sports Concussion Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University
- 3Texas Health Sports Medicine, Fort Worth, Texas; and
| | - Andrew T Askow
- 1Sports Concussion Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University
- 4Exercise & Sport Science Department and
| | - Joel A Luedke
- 5Athletics Department, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, Wisconsin
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Askow AT, Anzalone AJ, Stone JD, Jennings W, Carbuhn A, Pinson R, Bragg A, Michelle Kirk K, Gable DA, Crouse SF, Harris WS, Oliver JM. Omega-3 Index in Division I Collegiate American FootballAthletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000536091.65153.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kirk KM, Gable DA, Stone JD, Anzalone AJ, Turner SM, Asko AT, Luedke JA, Jagim A, Jones MT, Oliver JM. Neuroprotective Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Head Trauma in American Football Athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000538391.08920.b4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Oliver JM, Anzalone AJ, Jones MT, Kirk KM, Gable DA, Gao Y, Harris WS, Zetterberg H. Nutritional Supplements for the Treatment and Prevention of Sports-Related Concussion — Omega 3 Fatty Acids: Evidence Still Lacking? Curr Sports Med Rep 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Oliver JM, Jones MT, Anzalone AJ, Kirk KM, Gable DA, Repshas JT, Johnson TA, Höglund K, Blennow K, Zetterberg H. A Season of American Football Is Not Associated with Changes in Plasma Tau. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:3295-3300. [PMID: 28614998 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
American football athletes are routinely exposed to sub-concussive impacts over the course of the season. This study sought to examine the effect of a season of American football on plasma tau, a potential marker of axonal damage. Nineteen National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football athletes underwent serial blood sampling over the course of the 2014-2015 season at those times in which the number and magnitude of head impacts likely changed. Non-contact sport controls (NCAA men's swim athletes; n = 19) provided a single plasma sample for comparison. No significant differences were observed between control swim athletes and football athletes following a period of non-contact (p = 0.569) or a period of contact (p = 0.076). Football athletes categorized as starters (n = 11) had higher tau concentrations than non-starters (n = 8) following a period of non-contact (p = 0.039) and contact (p = 0.036), but not higher than swimmers (p = 1.000 and p = 1.000, respectively). No difference was noted over the course of the season in football athletes, irrespective of starter status. Despite routine head impacts common to the sport of American football, no changes were observed over the course of the season in football athletes, irrespective of starter status. Further, no difference was observed between football athletes and non-contact control swim athletes following a period of non-contact or contact. These data suggest that plasma tau is not sensitive enough to detect damage associated with repetitive sub-concussive impacts sustained by collegiate-level football athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Oliver
- 1 Sports Concussion Research Group, Department of KinesiologyMedicine, Texas Christian University , Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Margaret T Jones
- 2 Division of Health and Human Performance, George Mason University , Manassas, Virginia
| | - Anthony J Anzalone
- 1 Sports Concussion Research Group, Department of KinesiologyMedicine, Texas Christian University , Fort Worth, Texas
| | - K Michele Kirk
- 1 Sports Concussion Research Group, Department of KinesiologyMedicine, Texas Christian University , Fort Worth, Texas.,3 Department of Sport Medicine, Texas Christian University , Fort Worth, Texas.,4 Department of Sport Medicine, John Peter Smith Hospital , Fort Worth, Texas
| | - David A Gable
- 1 Sports Concussion Research Group, Department of KinesiologyMedicine, Texas Christian University , Fort Worth, Texas.,3 Department of Sport Medicine, Texas Christian University , Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Justin T Repshas
- 1 Sports Concussion Research Group, Department of KinesiologyMedicine, Texas Christian University , Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Torie A Johnson
- 1 Sports Concussion Research Group, Department of KinesiologyMedicine, Texas Christian University , Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Kina Höglund
- 5 Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg , Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- 5 Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg , Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- 5 Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg , Mölndal, Sweden .,6 Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology , Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
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Turner SM, Blueitt D, Anzalone AJ, Case T, Baleztena AC, McGuffin T, Creed KM, Garrison JC, Oliver JM. Effect of Modifying Factors on Sports-Related Concussion Recovery in Youth Athletes Under Clinical Management. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000518010.31583.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Anzalone AJ, Blueitt D, Case T, McGuffin T, Pollard K, Garrison JC, Jones MT, Pavur R, Turner S, Oliver JM. A Positive Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) Is Associated With Increased Recovery Time After Sports-Related Concussion in Youth and Adolescent Athletes. Am J Sports Med 2017; 45:474-479. [PMID: 27789472 DOI: 10.1177/0363546516668624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vestibular and ocular motor impairments are routinely reported in patients with sports-related concussion (SRC) and may result in delayed return to play (RTP). The Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) assessment has been shown to be consistent and sensitive in identifying concussion when used as part of a comprehensive examination. To what extent these impairments or symptoms are associated with length of recovery is unknown. PURPOSE To examine whether symptom provocation or clinical abnormality in specific domains of the VOMS results in protracted recovery (time from SRC to commencement of RTP protocol). STUDY DESIGN Cohort study (prognosis); Level of evidence, 2. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted of 167 patients (69 girls, 98 boys; mean ± SD age, 15 ± 2 years [range, 11-19 years]) presenting with SRC in 2014. During the initial visit, VOMS was performed in which symptom provocation or clinical abnormality (eg, unsmooth eye movements) was documented by use of a dichotomous scale (0 = not present, 1 = present). The VOMS used in this clinic consisted of smooth pursuits (SMO_PUR), horizontal and vertical saccades (HOR_SAC and VER_SAC), horizontal and vertical vestibular ocular reflex (HOR_VOR and VER_VOR), near point of convergence (NPC), and accommodation (ACCOM). Domains were also categorized into ocular motor (SMO_PUR, HOR_SAC, VER_SAC, NPC, ACCOM) and vestibular (HOR_VOR, VER_VOR). Cox proportional hazard models were used to explore the relationship between the domains and recovery. Alpha was set at P ≤ .05. RESULTS Symptom provocation and/or clinical abnormality in all domains except NPC ( P = .107) and ACCOM ( P = .234) delayed recovery (domain, hazard ratio [95% CI]: SMO_PUR, 0.65 [0.47-0.90], P = .009; HOR_SAC, 0.68 [0.50-0.94], P = .018; VER_SAC, 0.55 [0.40-0.75], P < .001; HOR_VOR, 0.68 [0.49-0.94], P = .018; VER_VOR, 0.60 [0.44-0.83], P = .002). The lowest crude hazard ratio was for ocular motor category (0.45 [0.32-0.63], P < .001). CONCLUSION These data suggest that symptom provocation/clinical abnormality associated with all domains except NPC and ACCOM can delay recovery after SRC in youth and adolescents. Thus, the VOMS not only may augment current diagnostic tools but also may serve as a predictor of recovery time in patients with SRC. The findings of this study may lead to more effective prognosis of concussion in youth and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Anzalone
- Sports Concussion Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
- Texas Health Ben Hogan Sports Medicine Concussion Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
- Texas Health Ben Hogan Sports Medicine, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Damond Blueitt
- Sports Concussion Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
- Texas Health Ben Hogan Sports Medicine Concussion Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
- Texas Health Ben Hogan Sports Medicine, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Tami Case
- Sports Concussion Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
- Texas Health Ben Hogan Sports Medicine Concussion Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
- Texas Health Ben Hogan Sports Medicine, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Tiffany McGuffin
- Sports Concussion Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
- Texas Health Ben Hogan Sports Medicine Concussion Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
- Texas Health Ben Hogan Sports Medicine, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Kalyssa Pollard
- Sports Concussion Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
- Texas Health Ben Hogan Sports Medicine Concussion Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
- Texas Health Ben Hogan Sports Medicine, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - J Craig Garrison
- Sports Concussion Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
- Texas Health Ben Hogan Sports Medicine Concussion Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
- Texas Health Ben Hogan Sports Medicine, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Margaret T Jones
- Sports Concussion Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
- School of Recreation, Health, and Tourism, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Robert Pavur
- Sports Concussion Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
- College of Business, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Stephanie Turner
- Sports Concussion Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
- Texas Health Ben Hogan Sports Medicine Concussion Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
- Texas Health Ben Hogan Sports Medicine, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Jonathan M Oliver
- Sports Concussion Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
- Texas Health Ben Hogan Sports Medicine Concussion Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
- Texas Health Ben Hogan Sports Medicine, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
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Oliver JM, Turner SM, Blueitt D, Case T, McGuffin T, Pollard K, Garrison JC, Anzalone AJ, Jones MT. Cognitive Symptoms Are More Prevalent Post-Concussion in Athletes with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000486587.70591.a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Blueitt D, Anzalone AJ, Case T, McGuffin T, Pollard KM, Craig Garrison J, Jones MT, Oliver JM. Symptom Provocation More Likely Following Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening in Athletes with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000486592.01086.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Anzalone AJ, Almada AL, Van Eck LE, Jones MT, Jagim AR, Mitchell JB, Shah M, Oliver JM. Effect of post-exercise ingestion of different molecular weight carbohydrate solutions. Part II: The incretin response. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2015. [PMCID: PMC4595447 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-12-s1-p31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Anzalone
- Department of KinesiologyTexas Christian University 76129 Fort Worth TX USA
| | | | - Leighsa E Van Eck
- Department of KinesiologyTexas Christian University 76129 Fort Worth TX USA
| | - Margaret T Jones
- Health and Human Performance DivisionGeorge Mason University 22030 Fairfax VA USA
| | - Andrew R Jagim
- Exercise & Sport Science DepartmentUniversity of Wisconsin - La Crosse 54601 La Crosse WI USA
| | - Joel B Mitchell
- Department of KinesiologyTexas Christian University 76129 Fort Worth TX USA
| | - Meena Shah
- Department of KinesiologyTexas Christian University 76129 Fort Worth TX USA
| | - Jonathan M Oliver
- Department of KinesiologyTexas Christian University 76129 Fort Worth TX USA
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Kumar V, Bell MR, Wetzel JR, Herrmann JL, McGarry R, Schane HP, Winneker RC, Snyder BW, Anzalone AJ. Non-steroidal glucocorticoid-like substances: receptor binding and in vivo activity. J Med Chem 1993; 36:3278-85. [PMID: 8230118 DOI: 10.1021/jm00074a008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Compounds of general structure I, prepared by a Diels-Alder reaction with diene 3, are relatives of the known potent glucocorticoid II but possess a markedly modified C- and D-ring environment. Despite these structural changes, 4, 5, 9, 10, 12a, 13, and 14 bound to the glucocorticoid receptor with an affinity which approximated that of the reference standard, 6-alpha-methylprednisolone. Four of these compounds not only exhibited antiinflammatory activity in the alpha-tocopherol pouch test but also exhibited marked adrenal suppression and other typical glucocorticoid properties at doses in the same range as the effective antiinflammatory doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kumar
- Sterling Winthrop Pharmaceuticals Research Division, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0900
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Christiansen RG, Neumann HC, Salvador UJ, Bell MR, Schane HP, Creange JE, Potts GO, Anzalone AJ. Steroidogenesis inhibitors. 1. Adrenal inhibitory and interceptive activity of trilostane and related compounds. J Med Chem 1984; 27:928-31. [PMID: 6330362 DOI: 10.1021/jm00373a021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Several methylated derivatives of trilostane were prepared. Methylation of C-4 or C-4 and C-17 changes this relatively selective adrenal inhibitor to compounds with increased ovarian/placental inhibitory activity with decreased adrenal inhibitory activity.
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Abstract
Win 32,729 [(2 alpha, 4 alpha, 5 alpha, 17 beta)-4,5-epoxy-17-hydroxy-4,17-dimethyl-3-oxoandrostane-2-carbonitrile] is an orally active interceptive agent in rats and rhesus monkeys (M mulatta). A single oral dose of 48 mg/kg terminated gestation when given on Day 10 of pregnancy. When given orally for up to 5 days to pregnant monkeys, it terminated pregnancy in 26 of 34 animals at a dose of 50 mg/monkey (ca 7 mg/kg), in 18 of 24 at a dose of 100 mg/monkey (ca 14 mg/kg) and in all 6 at 250 mg/monkey (ca 35 mg/kg). It did not inhibit ACTH-stimulated glucocorticoid production at 50 mg/monkey but did at a dose of 250 mg/monkey. This preferential gonadal inhibition was not evident in rodents. While in most cases five oral medications of 50-100 mg were required to terminate gestation in 50-day pregnant monkeys, a single subcutaneous medication with 250 mg was also effective, terminating pregnancy in 7 of 7 monkeys.
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Schane H, Creange JE, Anzalone AJ, Potts GO. Interceptive Activity of Azastene in Rhesus Monkeys**Presented in part at the Ninth World Congress on Fertility and Sterility and the Thirty-Third Annual Meeting of The American Fertility Society, April 12 to 16, 1977 Miami Beach, Fla. Fertil Steril 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)43523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Schane HP, Creange JE, Anzalone AJ, Potts GO. Interceptive activity of azastene in rhesus monkeys. Fertil Steril 1978; 30:343-7. [PMID: 101392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Azastene is an orally effective "luteolytic" agent in rhesus monkeys. In nonpregnant monkeys it reverses the human chorionic gonadotropin-stimulated increase in progesterone production and delay in the onset of menstruation, and, in inseminated monkeys, it prevents pregnancy if given for 5 days beginning on day 24 of the menstrual cycle. The drug is also effective in terminating pregnancy if given for 5 days beginning on approximately day 26, day 50, or day 80 of gestation. Concurrent progesterone administration prevents the interceptive action of the drug. Although azastene inhibits gonadal and placental progesterone production, it has no effect on cortisol production in monkeys and is devoid of apparent hormonal activity.
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Creange JE, Schane HP, Anzalone AJ, Potts GO. Interruption of pregnancy in rats by azastene, an inhibitor of ovarian and adrenal steroidogenesis. Fertil Steril 1978; 30:86-90. [PMID: 680188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Azastene (4,4,17alpha-trimethylandrost-5-eno[2,3-d]isoxazol-17-ol), when given orally to rats at a dose of 12 mg/kg once on day 10 of pregnancy, induced resorption of all fetuses and a precipitous decline of circulating progesterone levels in all test animals. The disruption of pregnancy was prevented by a single, concurrent, subcutaneous injection of progesterone (4 mg/rat). Thus, the interruption of pregnancy occurs via an acute, short-term, reversible progesterone withdrawal. The reduction of progesterone levels is brought about by competitive inhibition of ovarian 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Despite its potency as an interceptive agent, azastene exhibited only moderate endocrine-related effects if given daily for 2 weeks to female rats at doses as high as 1000 mg/kg. Those effects were an increase in the number of vaginal estrous days and a dose-related increase in adrenal weight. The latter effect is consistent with the known adrenal inhibitory properties of this drug.
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Abstract
Danazol was previously reported to be an oral contraceptive in the rhesus monkey at doses of 200 and 400 mg/monkey/day for 90 days. The drug is now shown to be an effective long-term inhibitor of ovarian function in the monkey. In the final 3 months of a 27-month period of treatment at a dose of 400 mg/monkey/day, the drug continued to be an effective oral contraceptive. During the 27-month treatment period, three of seven monkeys were amenorrheic and the remaining had only 16 of the 109 expected menstrual cycles. Following the discontinuation of medication, all seven monkeys conceived within 2 to 6 weeks. One monkey aborted early in pregnancy and the remaining six delivered normal, healthy infants at term. Therefore, following the discontinuation of long-term treatment with danazol in the monkey, there was rapid and complete return of normal ovarian function.
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22
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Abstract
Measurements of air-flow resistance were made using unanesthetized dogs prepared with exteriorized tracheas. Pressure-flow relationships obtained from these experiments adhered to Rohrer's equation. Drugs that are classically known to alter tone of bronchial musculature substantially change the pressure-flow relationship in these animals. Submitted on October 6, 1960
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred J. McIlreath
- Department of Pharmacology, Strasenburgh Laboratories; and Department of Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Albert B. Craig
- Department of Pharmacology, Strasenburgh Laboratories; and Department of Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Anthony J. Anzalone
- Department of Pharmacology, Strasenburgh Laboratories; and Department of Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
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