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Smedley PL, Allen G, Baptie BJ, Fraser-Harris AP, Ward RS, Chambers RM, Gilfillan SMV, Hall JA, Hughes AG, Manning DAC, McDermott CI, Nagheli S, Shaw JT, Werner MJ, Worrall F. Equipping for risk: Lessons learnt from the UK shale-gas experience on assessing environmental risks for the future geoenergy use of the deep subsurface. Sci Total Environ 2024; 921:171036. [PMID: 38373449 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
findings are presented from an investigation to improve understanding of the environmental risks associated with developing an unconventional-hydrocarbons industry in the UK. The EQUIPT4RISK project, funded by UK Research Councils, focused on investigations around Preston New Road (PNR), Fylde, Lancashire, and Kirby Misperton Site A (KMA), North Yorkshire, where operator licences to explore for shale gas by hydraulic fracturing (HF) were issued in 2016, although exploration only took place at PNR. EQUIPT4RISK considered atmospheric (greenhouse gases, air quality), water (groundwater quality) and solid-earth (seismicity) compartments to characterise and model local conditions and environmental responses to HF activities. Risk assessment was based on the source-pathway-receptor approach. Baseline monitoring of air around the two sites characterised the variability with meteorological conditions, and isotopic signatures were able to discriminate biogenic methane (cattle) from thermogenic (natural-gas) sources. Monitoring of a post-HF nitrogen-lift (well-cleaning) operation at PNR detected the release of atmospheric emissions of methane (4.2 ± 1.4 t CH4). Groundwater monitoring around KMA identified high baseline methane concentrations and detected ethane and propane at some locations. Dissolved methane was inferred from stable-isotopic evidence as overwhelmingly of biogenic origin. Groundwater-quality monitoring around PNR found no evidence of HF-induced impacts. Two approaches for modelling induced seismicity and associated seismic risk were developed using observations of seismicity and operational parameters from PNR in 2018 and 2019. Novel methodologies developed for monitoring include use of machine learning to identify fugitive atmospheric methane, Bayesian statistics to assess changes to groundwater quality, a seismicity forecasting model seeded by the HF-fluid injection rate and high-resolution monitoring of soil-gas methane. The project developed a risk-assessment framework, aligned with ISO 31000 risk-management principles, to assess the theoretical combined and cumulative environmental risks from operations over time. This demonstrated the spatial and temporal evolution of risk profiles: seismic and atmospheric impacts from the shale-gas operations are modelled to be localised and short-lived, while risk to groundwater quality is longer-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Smedley
- British Geological Survey, Nicker Hill, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK.
| | - G Allen
- Department of Earth & Environmental Science, Simon Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - B J Baptie
- British Geological Survey, Lyell Centre, Research Avenue South, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK
| | - A P Fraser-Harris
- School of Geosciences, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK
| | - R S Ward
- British Geological Survey, Nicker Hill, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
| | - R M Chambers
- School of Geosciences, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK
| | - S M V Gilfillan
- School of Geosciences, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK
| | - J A Hall
- School of Engineering, Drummond Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - A G Hughes
- British Geological Survey, Nicker Hill, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
| | - D A C Manning
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - C I McDermott
- School of Geosciences, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK
| | - S Nagheli
- British Geological Survey, Nicker Hill, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
| | - J T Shaw
- Department of Earth & Environmental Science, Simon Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Now at: National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
| | - M J Werner
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queens Road, Clifton, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK
| | - F Worrall
- Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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Hall JA, Harris RJ, Zaidi A, Dabrera G, Dunbar JK. Risk of hospitalisation or death in households with a case of COVID-19 in England: an analysis using the HOSTED data set. Public Health 2022; 211:85-87. [PMID: 36058199 PMCID: PMC9359490 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine whether household contacts of confirmed cases of COVID-19 have an increased risk of hospitalisation or death. Methods We used the HOSTED data set of index cases of COVID-19 in England between June and November 2020, linked to Secondary Uses Service data on hospital episodes and Office for National Statistics’ mortality data. Multivariable logistic regression models of the odds of household contacts being hospitalised or dying within six weeks of an index case, adjusted for case type, age, sex and calendar month were calculated. Excess risk was determined by comparing the first six weeks after the index case with 6–12 weeks after the index case in a survival analysis framework. Results Index cases were more likely to be hospitalised or die than either secondary cases or non-cases, having adjusted for age and sex. There was an increased risk of hospitalisation for non-cases (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04, 1.16) and of death (aHR 1.57; 95% CI 1.14, 2.16) in the first six weeks after an index case, compared to 6–12 weeks after. Conclusion Risks of hospitalisation and mortality are predictably higher in cases compared to non-cases. The short-term increase in risks for non-case contacts following diagnosis of the index case may suggest incomplete case ascertainment among contacts, although this was relatively small.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hall
- UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | | | - A Zaidi
- UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - G Dabrera
- UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
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Hall JA, Silverio SA, Barrett G, Memtsa M, Goodhart V, Bender-Atik R, Stephenson J, Jurkovic D. Women's experiences of early pregnancy assessment unit services: a qualitative investigation. BJOG 2021; 128:2116-2125. [PMID: 34407281 PMCID: PMC9292489 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the experiences of women who had used an Early Pregnancy Assessment Unit (EPAU) service in the UK and make recommendations for their improvement. DESIGN Qualitative interview study. SETTING Early Pregnancy Assessment Units in the UK. SAMPLE A maximum variation sample of women who had consented to be interviewed having attended one of 26 EPAUs involved in the VESPA study in 2018. METHODS In-depth telephone interviews with 38 women. A thematic framework analysis was conducted, with a focus on how experiences varied according to EPAU service configuration and clinical pathway. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Women's experiences of EPAU services. RESULTS We found that EPAUs are highly valued, and women's experiences were generally positive. However, women reported a range of issues that negatively affected their experience. These included difficulties accessing the service, insensitive management of the investigation and treatment options of pregnancy loss, poor communication, insufficient information and a lack of support for their psychological health. These issues were not strongly associated with EPAU configuration or clinical pathway. CONCLUSIONS Recommendations to improve women's experiences include the separation of EPAUs from general maternity services, and we make suggestions on how to remove barriers to access by reviewing opening hours, how to provide sensitive patient management, such as automatically cancelling appointments and scans following pregnancy loss, and how to improve communication, both with women and their partners as well as with other parts of the health service.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hall
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - S A Silverio
- Department of Women & Children's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - G Barrett
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - M Memtsa
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK.,Women's Health Services, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - V Goodhart
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK.,Women's Health Services, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - J Stephenson
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - D Jurkovic
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK.,Gynaecology Diagnostic and Outpatient Treatment Unit, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Hall JA, Harris RJ, Zaidi A, Woodhall SC, Dabrera G, Dunbar JK. HOSTED-England's Household Transmission Evaluation Dataset: preliminary findings from a novel passive surveillance system of COVID-19. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:743-752. [PMID: 33837417 PMCID: PMC8083300 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is an important component of the community spread of the pandemic. Little is known about the factors associated with household transmission, at the level of the case, contact or household, or how these have varied over the course of the pandemic. METHODS The Household Transmission Evaluation Dataset (HOSTED) is a passive surveillance system linking laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases to individuals living in the same household in England. We explored the risk of household transmission according to: age of case and contact, sex, region, deprivation, month and household composition between April and September 2020, building a multivariate model. RESULTS In the period studied, on average, 5.5% of household contacts in England were diagnosed as cases. Household transmission was most common between adult cases and contacts of a similar age. There was some evidence of lower transmission rates to under-16s [adjusted odds ratios (aOR) 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66-0.74). There were clear regional differences, with higher rates of household transmission in the north of England and the Midlands. Less deprived areas had a lower risk of household transmission. After controlling for region, there was no effect of deprivation, but houses of multiple occupancy had lower rates of household transmission [aOR 0.74 (0.66-0.83)]. CONCLUSIONS Children are less likely to acquire SARS-CoV-2 via household transmission, and consequently there was no difference in the risk of transmission in households with children. Households in which cases could isolate effectively, such as houses of multiple occupancy, had lower rates of household transmission. Policies to support the effective isolation of cases from their household contacts could lower the level of household transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hall
- COVID-19 Epidemiology Cell, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute for Women’s Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - R J Harris
- Statistics, Modelling and Economics Department, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Zaidi
- COVID-19 Epidemiology Cell, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - S C Woodhall
- COVID-19 Epidemiology Cell, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - G Dabrera
- COVID-19 Epidemiology Cell, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - J K Dunbar
- COVID-19 Epidemiology Cell, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
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Friedrich S, Kim GB, Bray C, Cantor R, Dilling J, Fretwell S, Hall JA, Lennarz A, Lordi V, Machule P, McKeen D, Mougeot X, Ponce F, Ruiz C, Samanta A, Warburton WK, Leach KG. Limits on the Existence of sub-MeV Sterile Neutrinos from the Decay of ^{7}Be in Superconducting Quantum Sensors. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:021803. [PMID: 33512206 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.021803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sterile neutrinos are natural extensions to the standard model of particle physics and provide a possible portal to the dark sector. We report a new search for the existence of sub-MeV sterile neutrinos using the decay-momentum reconstruction technique in the decay of ^{7}Be. The experiment measures the total energy of the ^{7}Li daughter atom from the electron capture decay of ^{7}Be implanted into sensitive superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) quantum sensors. This first experiment presents data from a single STJ operated at a low count rate for a net total of 28 days, and provides exclusion limits on sterile neutrinos in the mass range from 100 to 850 keV that improve upon previous work by up to an order of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Friedrich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - G B Kim
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C Bray
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - R Cantor
- STAR Cryoelectronics LLC, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87508, USA
| | - J Dilling
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - S Fretwell
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - J A Hall
- STAR Cryoelectronics LLC, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87508, USA
| | - A Lennarz
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - V Lordi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P Machule
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - D McKeen
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - X Mougeot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), F-91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - F Ponce
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - C Ruiz
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - A Samanta
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | | | - K G Leach
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
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Iessa H, Christensen K, Hall JA, Seal CJ. Impacts of operating conditions on efficiency of electrokinetically enhanced filtration for de-watering of orange juice and malt extract. Food Chem 2020; 337:128009. [PMID: 32920271 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of operational factors an on an electrokinetic-enhanced filtration (EKEF) application to dewater orange juice (OJ) and malt extract (ME) was investigated. EKEF improved dewatering of both foodstuffs and resulted in net dewatering efficiencies of 7.4% and 4.9% for OJ and 10.7% and 6.3% for ME after 5.5 h processing under 30 V and 15 V, respectively. Dry matter content was increased by 19.2% and 15.6% for OJ after 5.5 h and 14.8% and 12.8% for ME after 3.5 h under 30 V and 15 V, respectively, compared with 14.9% and 10.3% under the control conditions for OJ and ME, respectively. The EKEF process effectively improved dewatering of high moisture-content foods with positive impacts on process efficiency by increased voltage, pressure, and the pore size of filters. The initial distance between electrodes had a negative impact as the distance increased. EKEF is a useful adjunct to improve high pressure filtration of foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Iessa
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Medical Sciences Faculty, Newcastle University, Catherine Cookson Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Agriculture Building, King's Walk, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - K Christensen
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Medical Sciences Faculty, Newcastle University, Catherine Cookson Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Agriculture Building, King's Walk, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - J A Hall
- School of Engineering, Material and Manufacturing, Newcastle University, Drummond Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - C J Seal
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Medical Sciences Faculty, Newcastle University, Catherine Cookson Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Medical Sciences Faculty, Newcastle University, Catherine Cookson Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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Pusterla N, Bowers J, Barnum S, Hall JA. Molecular detection of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi in face flies (Musca autumnalis) collected during a strangles outbreak on a Thoroughbred farm. Med Vet Entomol 2020; 34:120-122. [PMID: 31280485 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to detect Streptococcus equi subspecies equi (S. equi) (Lactobacillales: Streptococcaceae) using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in flies collected from a farm with a documented outbreak of strangles. A total of 1856 face flies [Musca autumnalis (Diptera: Muscidae)] were collected using conventional fly traps. The flies were processed for nucleic acid purification and tested for the presence of S. equi by qPCR. A total of 10/1856 flies (0.54%) tested qPCR-positive for S. equi. The results may implicate the presence of face flies as a risk factor for the transmission of S. equi and highlight the need to institute proper husbandry measures, biosecurity protocols and fly control in order to reduce the potential for infection in at-risk horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pusterla
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A
| | - J Bowers
- Harris Farms Horse Division, Coalinga, CA, U.S.A
| | - S Barnum
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A
| | - J A Hall
- Zoetis, Inc., Parsippany, NJ, U.S.A
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Hall JA, Stephenson J, Barrett G. On the Stability of Reported Pregnancy Intentions from Pregnancy to 1 Year Postnatally: Impact of Choice of Measure, Timing of Assessment, Women's Characteristics and Outcome of Pregnancy. Matern Child Health J 2019; 23:1177-1186. [PMID: 31218607 PMCID: PMC6658581 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-019-02748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Retrospective, cross-sectional estimates of pregnancy intention, as used in the Demographic Health Survey (DHS), are the global norm. The London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy (LMUP) is a newer, psychometrically validated measure which may be more reliable. This paper assesses the reliability of the LMUP and the DHS question over the first postnatal year and explores the effects of maternal characteristics or pregnancy outcome on reported pregnancy intention. METHODS We compared the test-retest reliability of the LMUP (using the AC coefficient) and DHS question (using the weighted Kappa) over the first postnatal year using data from Malawian women. We investigated the effect of maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcome using t-tests, Chi squared or Fisher's exact tests, and calculated odds ratios to estimate effect size. RESULTS The DHS question was associated with a statistically significant decrease in the prevalence of unplanned pregnancies from 1-to-12 months postnatally; the LMUP was not. The LMUP had moderate to substantial reliability (0.51-0.66); the DHS had moderate reliability (0.56-0.58). The LMUP's stability was not related to any of the factors examined; the stability of the DHS varied by marital status (p = 0.033), number of children (p = 0.048) and postnatal depression (p < 0.001). Both underestimated unintended pregnancy postnatally vis-à-vis the LMUP in pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE The LMUP is a more reliable measure of pregnancy intention than the DHS in the first postnatal year and does not vary by maternal characteristics or pregnancy outcome. The LMUP should become the gold-standard for measuring pregnancy intention and should be collected in pregnancy or at the first postnatal opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hall
- Research Department of Reproductive Health, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, London, UK.
| | - J Stephenson
- Research Department of Reproductive Health, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, London, UK
| | - G Barrett
- Research Department of Reproductive Health, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, London, UK
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Wallace LG, Bobe G, Vorachek WR, Dolan BP, Estill CT, Pirelli GJ, Hall JA. Effects of feeding pregnant beef cows selenium-enriched alfalfa hay on selenium status and antibody titers in their newborn calves. J Anim Sci 2018; 95:2408-2420. [PMID: 28727057 PMCID: PMC7114777 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2017.1377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In newborn dairy calves, it has been demonstrated that supranutritional maternal and colostral Se supplementation using Se yeast or sodium selenite, respectively, improves passive transfer of IgG. In beef cattle, agronomic biofortification with Se is a more practical alternative for Se supplementation, whereby the Se concentration of hay is increased through the use of Se-containing fertilizer amendments. It has been previously demonstrated that agronomic Se biofortification is an effective strategy to improve immunity and performance in Se-replete weaned beef calves. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of feeding beef cows Se-enriched alfalfa (Medicago sativa) hay during the last 8 to 12 wk of gestation on passive transfer of antibodies to calves. At 10 wk ± 16 d before calving, 45 cows were assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups with 3 pens (5 cows/pen) per treatment: Control cows were fed non-Se-fortified alfalfa hay plus a mineral supplement containing 120 mg/kg Se from sodium selenite, Med-Se cows were fed alfalfa hay fertilized with 45.0 g Se/ha as sodium selenate, and High-Se cows were fed alfalfa hay fertilized with 89.9 g Se/ha as sodium selenate; both the Med-Se and the High-Se groups received mineral supplement without added Se. Colostrum and whole blood (WB) were collected from cows at calving, and WB was collected from calves within 2 h of calving and at 12, 24, 36, and 48 h of age. Concentrations of IgG1 and J-5 Escherichia coli antibody in cow colostrum and calf serum were quantified using ELISA procedures. Selenium concentrations linearly increased in WB (P < 0.001) and colostrum (P < 0.001) of cows and in WB of newborn calves (P < 0.001) with increasing Se concentration in alfalfa hay. Colostrum concentrations of IgG1 (P = 0.03) were increased in cows fed Se-biofortified alfalfa hay, but J-5 E. coli antibody (P = 0.43) concentrations were not. Calf serum IgG1 (P = 0.43) and J-5 E. coli antibody (P = 0.44) concentrations during the first 48 h of age were not affected by prior Se treatment of cows. These data suggest that feeding Se-biofortified alfalfa hay promotes the accumulation of Se and antibodies in colostrum but does not affect short-term serum antibody concentrations in calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. G. Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - G. Bobe
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - W. R. Vorachek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - B. P. Dolan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - C. T. Estill
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - G. J. Pirelli
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - J. A. Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
- Corresponding author:
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Ryan EF, Hamilton DP, Hall JA, Cassie Cooper UV. Lake phytoplankton composition and biomass along horizontal and vertical gradients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/03680770.2005.11902841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mahmood MM, Qureshi MA, Morley R, Austin D, Carter J, Belder MAD, Hall JA, Muir DF, Swanson N, Sutton AGC, Williams P, Wright RA. 27 Use of rotational atherectomy in primary pci for st-elevation myocardial infarction- a single centre 10-year experience. Heart 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2017-311726.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hall JA, Fritsch DA, Yerramilli M, Obare E, Yerramilli M, Jewell DE. A longitudinal study on the acceptance and effects of a therapeutic renal food in pet dogs with IRIS-Stage 1 chronic kidney disease. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:297-307. [PMID: 28276099 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Currently, nutritional management is recommended when serum creatinine (Cr) exceeds 1.4 mg/dl in dogs with IRIS-Stage 2 chronic kidney disease (CKD) to slow progressive loss of kidney function, reduce clinical and biochemical consequences of CKD, and maintain adequate nutrition. It is unknown if dietary interventions benefit non-azotemic dogs at earlier stages. A prospective 12-month feeding trial was performed in client-owned dogs with IRIS-Stage 1 CKD (n = 36; 20 had persistently dilute urine with urine specific gravity (USG) <1.020 without identifiable non-renal cause; six had persistent proteinuria of renal origin with urine protein creatinine (UPC) ratio >0.5; 10 had both). Ease of transition to therapeutic renal food and effects on renal biomarkers and quality of life attributes were assessed. Dogs were transitioned over 1 week from grocery-branded foods to renal food. At 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12-months a questionnaire to assess owner's perception of their pet's acceptance of renal food and quality of life was completed. Renal biomarkers, including serum Cr, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), and USG and UPC ratio were measured. Of 36 dogs initially enrolled, 35 (97%) dogs were transitioned to therapeutic renal food. Dogs moderately or extremely liked the food 88% of the time, ate most or all of the food 84% of the time, and were moderately or extremely enthusiastic while eating 76% of the time. All renal biomarkers (Cr, BUN, and SDMA) were decreased (p ≤ .05) from baseline at 3-months, and remained decreased from baseline at 12-months in dogs completing the study (n = 20). Proteinuria was reduced in 12 of 16 dogs (p = .045) with proteinuria. Owners reported improvement in overall health and quality of life attributes, and hair and coat quality (all p < .01). In summary, dogs with IRIS-Stage 1 CKD readily transition to renal food. Decreasing serum biomarker concentrations and reduction in proteinuria suggest stabilized kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - D A Fritsch
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc, Topeka, KS, USA
| | | | - E Obare
- IDEXX Laboratories, Inc, Westbrook, ME, USA
| | | | - D E Jewell
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc, Topeka, KS, USA
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Galbraith ML, Vorachek WR, Estill CT, Whanger PD, Bobe G, Davis TZ, Hall JA. Rumen Microorganisms Decrease Bioavailability of Inorganic Selenium Supplements. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 171:338-343. [PMID: 26537117 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0560-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the availability of selenium (Se)-enriched trace mineral supplements, we have observed low Se status in cattle and sheep offered traditional inorganic Se supplements. Reasons for this may include inadequate intake or low bioavailability of inorganic Se sources. The objective of this study was to determine whether rumen microorganisms (RMO) alter the bioavailability of Se sources commonly used in Se supplements. Rumen microorganisms were isolated from ewes (n = 4) and incubated ex vivo with no Se (control), with inorganic Na selenite or Na selenate, or with organic selenomethionine (SeMet). Total Se incorporated into RMO and the amount of elemental Se formed were determined under equivalent conditions. Incorporation of Se from Na selenite, Na selenate, or SeMet into RMO was measured as fold change compared with control (no added Se). Incorporation of Se into microbial mass was greater for SeMet (13.2-fold greater than no-Se control) compared with inorganic Se supplements (P = 0.02); no differences were observed between inorganic Na selenate (3.3-fold greater than no-Se control) and Na selenite (3.5-fold greater than no-Se control; P = 0.97). Formation of non-bioavailable, elemental Se was less for RMO incubated with SeMet compared with inorganic Se sources (P = 0.01); no differences were observed between Na selenate and Na selenite (P = 0.09). The clinical importance of these results is that the oral bioavailability of organic SeMet should be greater compared with inorganic Se sources because of greater RMO incorporation of Se and decreased formation of elemental Se by RMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Galbraith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Dryden Hall 206, Corvallis, OR, 97331-4802, USA
| | - W R Vorachek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Dryden Hall 206, Corvallis, OR, 97331-4802, USA
| | - C T Estill
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - P D Whanger
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - G Bobe
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - T Z Davis
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT, 84341, USA
| | - J A Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Dryden Hall 206, Corvallis, OR, 97331-4802, USA.
- Funded by Agricultural Research Foundation, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331-2219, USA.
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Hall JA, Yerramilli M, Obare E, Yerramilli M, Almes K, Jewell DE. Serum Concentrations of Symmetric Dimethylarginine and Creatinine in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Chronic Kidney Disease. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:794-802. [PMID: 27103204 PMCID: PMC4913574 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serum concentrations of symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) detected chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats an average of 17.0 months before serum creatinine (Cr) concentrations increased above the reference interval. Objectives To report on the utility of measuring serum SDMA concentrations in dogs for detection of CKD before diagnosis by measurement of serum Cr. Animals CKD dogs (n = 19) included those persistently azotemic for ≥3 months (n = 5), dogs that were azotemic at the time of death (n = 4), and nonazotemic dogs (n = 10). CKD dogs were compared with healthy control dogs (n = 20). Methods Retrospective study, whereby serum Cr concentrations were determined by enzymatic colorimetry and serum SDMA concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry in dogs with necropsy confirmed CKD. Results Serum SDMA increased before serum Cr in 17 of 19 dogs (mean, 9.8 months; range, 2.2–27.0 months). Duration of elevations in serum SDMA concentrations before the dog developed azotemia (N = 1) or before the dog died (N = 1) was not determined. Serum SDMA and Cr concentrations were linearly related (r = 0.84; P < .001). Serum SDMA (r = −0.80) and serum Cr (r = −0.89) concentrations were significantly related to glomerular filtration rate (both P < .001). Conclusion and Clinical Importance Using serum SDMA as a biomarker for CKD allows earlier detection of kidney dysfunction in dogs than does measurement of serum Cr. Earlier detection might be desirable for initiating renoprotective interventions that slow progression of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - M Yerramilli
- IDEXX Biotechnology Group, IDEXX Laboratories, Inc, Westbrook, ME
| | - E Obare
- IDEXX Biotechnology Group, IDEXX Laboratories, Inc, Westbrook, ME
| | - M Yerramilli
- IDEXX Biotechnology Group, IDEXX Laboratories, Inc, Westbrook, ME
| | - K Almes
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - D E Jewell
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc, Topeka, KS
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Hall JA, Yerramilli M, Obare E, Yerramilli M, Panickar KS, Bobe G, Jewell DE. Nutritional Interventions that Slow the Age-Associated Decline in Renal Function in a Canine Geriatric Model for Elderly Humans. J Nutr Health Aging 2016; 20:1010-1023. [PMID: 27925141 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-015-0636-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of feeding traditional and renal protective foods (RPF) supplemented with functional food bioactives on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), lean body percent (LB%), and selected circulating biomarker and metabolite concentrations in a geriatric dog model. DESIGN Randomized block design and cross-sectional study. SETTING Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc. dog colony. PARTICIPANTS Eighty-one geriatric dogs (mean age, 10.4; range, 7.9-14.2 years) and 30 mature-adult dogs (mean age, 5.0; range, 3.3-6.9 years). INTERVENTION Geriatric dogs were fed one of three foods (n = 27 per group) for 6 months: a traditional RPF (control) that was energy dense and mildly protein-restricted, or control food supplemented with increasing amounts of functional food bioactives: fish oil, lipoic acid, fruits and vegetables, and higher quality protein sources [functional foods one (FF1) and two (FF2)]. Geriatric dogs were compared before and after the feeding trial with mature adult dogs. MEASUREMENTS Renal function was assessed by GFR, LB% was determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and circulating biomarkers and metabolites were measured in blood. RESULTS Before the feeding trial, GFR (+28.2%), LB% (+18.6%), and serum total protein (+10.0%) were higher in mature versus healthy geriatric dogs (all P<0.001). Geriatric dogs consuming all three foods increased (P<0.001) GFR over time; group averages ranged from 13.0-16.9%. Dogs fed the highest supplemented level of bioactives (FF2) had lower (P<0.001) symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentrations (-14.3%). Feeding functional foods did not alter body weight, but increased (P<0.001) serum protein concentration (+6.7%). CONCLUSION Supplementation with functional food bioactives can temporarily reverse the age-associated decline in renal function and serum total protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hall
- Jean A. Hall, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Dryden Hall 206, Corvallis, OR 97331-4802. Phone (541) 737-6537; FAX (541) 737-2730; E-mail
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Hall JA, Yerramilli M, Obare E, Yerramilli M, Melendez LD, Jewell DE. Letter to the Editor. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 30:12-4. [PMID: 26681649 PMCID: PMC4913659 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J A Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - M Yerramilli
- The IDEXX Biotechnology Group, IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, ME
| | - E Obare
- The IDEXX Biotechnology Group, IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, ME
| | - M Yerramilli
- The IDEXX Biotechnology Group, IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, ME
| | - L D Melendez
- The Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., Topeka, KS
| | - D E Jewell
- The Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., Topeka, KS
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Zelmann R, Beriault S, Marinho MM, Mok K, Hall JA, Guizard N, Haegelen C, Olivier A, Pike GB, Collins DL. Improving recorded volume in mesial temporal lobe by optimizing stereotactic intracranial electrode implantation planning. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2015; 10:1599-615. [PMID: 25808256 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-015-1165-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intracranial electrodes are sometimes implanted in patients with refractory epilepsy to identify epileptic foci and propagation. Maximal recording of EEG activity from regions suspected of seizure generation is paramount. However, the location of individual contacts cannot be considered with current manual planning approaches. We propose and validate a procedure for optimizing intracranial electrode implantation planning that maximizes the recording volume, while constraining trajectories to safe paths. METHODS Retrospective data from 20 patients with epilepsy that had electrodes implanted in the mesial temporal lobes were studied. Clinical imaging data (CT/A and T1w MRI) were automatically segmented to obtain targets and structures to avoid. These data were used as input to the optimization procedure. Each electrode was modeled to assess risk, while individual contacts were modeled to estimate their recording capability. Ordered lists of trajectories per target were obtained. Global optimization generated the best set of electrodes. The procedure was integrated into a neuronavigation system. RESULTS Trajectories planned automatically covered statistically significant larger target volumes than manual plans [Formula: see text]. Median volume coverage was [Formula: see text] for automatic plans versus [Formula: see text] for manual plans. Furthermore, automatic plans remained at statistically significant safer distance to vessels [Formula: see text] and sulci [Formula: see text]. Surgeon's scores of the optimized electrode sets indicated that 95% of the automatic trajectories would be likely considered for use in a clinical setting. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that automatic electrode planning for epilepsy provides safe trajectories and increases the amount of information obtained from the intracranial investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zelmann
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - S Beriault
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - M M Marinho
- Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - K Mok
- Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - J A Hall
- Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - N Guizard
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - C Haegelen
- LTSI - U1099 INSERM, CS34317, Université Rennes 1, 35043, Rennes, France
| | - A Olivier
- Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - G B Pike
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - D L Collins
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
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Hall JA, Yerramilli M, Obare E, Yerramilli M, Jewell DE. Comparison of serum concentrations of symmetric dimethylarginine and creatinine as kidney function biomarkers in cats with chronic kidney disease. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:1676-83. [PMID: 25231385 PMCID: PMC4895610 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) has been shown to be an accurate and precise biomarker for calculating estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in humans, as well as a more sensitive biomarker than serum creatinine concentration (sCr) for assessing renal dysfunction. Objectives The purpose of this retrospective study was to report on the utility of measuring serum SDMA concentrations in cats for detection of chronic kidney disease (CKD) before diagnosis by conventional measurement of sCr. Animals Chronic kidney disease cats (n = 21) included those persistently azotemic for ≥3 months (n = 15), nonazotemic cats with GFR >30% decreased from median GFR of normal cats (n = 4), and nonazotemic cats with calcium oxalate kidney stones (n = 2). Healthy geriatric cats (n = 21) were selected from the same colony. Methods Symmetric dimethylarginine concentrations (liquid chromatography‐mass spectroscopy) and sCr (enzymatic colorimetry) were determined retrospectively from historical data or banked serum samples in azotemic cats or at the time GFR (iohexol clearance) was measured in nonazotemic cats. Results Serum SDMA (r = −0.79) and sCr (r = −0.77) concentrations were significantly correlated to GFR (both P < .0001). Symmetric dimethylarginine became increased before sCr in 17/21 cats (mean, 17.0 months; range, 1.5–48 months). Serum SDMA had higher sensitivity (100%) compared with sCr (17%), but lower specificity (91% versus 100%) and positive predictive value (86% versus 100%). Conclusion and Clinical Importance Using serum SDMA as a biomarker for CKD allows earlier detection of CKD in cats compared with sCr, which may be desirable for initiating renoprotective interventions that slow progression of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
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Hall JA, Walter GH. Relative seed and fruit toxicity of the Australian cycads Macrozamia miquelii and Cycas ophiolitica: further evidence for a megafaunal seed dispersal syndrome in cycads, and its possible antiquity. J Chem Ecol 2014; 40:860-8. [PMID: 25172315 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-014-0490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An apparent contradiction in the ecology of cycad plants is that their seeds are known to be highly poisonous, and yet they seem well adapted for seed dispersal by animals, as shown by their visually conspicuous seed cones and large seeds presented within a brightly colored fleshy "fruit" of sarcotesta. We tested if this sarcotesta could function as a reward for cycad seed dispersal fauna, by establishing if the toxic compound cycasin, known from the seeds, is absent from the sarcotesta. The Australian cycads Macrozamia miquelii and Cycas ophiolitica were tested (N = 10 individuals per species) using gas chromatography / mass spectrometry. Cycasin was detected at 0.34 % (fresh weight) in seed endosperm of M. miquelii and 0.28 % (fresh weight) in seed endosperm of C. ophiolitica. Cycasin was absent from the sarcotesta of the same propagules (none detected in the case of M. miquelii, and trace quantities detected in sarcotesta of only four of the ten C. ophiolitica propagules). This laboratory finding was supported by field observations of native animals eating the sarcotesta of these cycads but discarding the toxic seed intact. These results suggest cycads are adapted for dispersal fauna capable of swallowing the large, heavy propagules whole, digesting the non-toxic sarcotesta flesh internally, and then voiding the toxic seed intact. Megafauna species such as extant emus or cassowaries, or extinct Pleistocene megafauna such as Genyornis, are plausible candidates for such dispersal. Cycads are an ancient lineage, and the possible antiquity of their megafaunal seed dispersal adaptations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hall
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia,
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20
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Hall JA, Bobe G, Nixon BK, Vorachek WR, Hugejiletu, Nichols T, Mosher WD, Pirelli GJ. Effect of transport on blood selenium and glutathione status in feeder lambs. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:4115-22. [PMID: 25035242 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress from transport may be linked to increased generation of reactive oxygen species, the removal of which requires reduced glutathione and selenium. The aim of this experiment was to examine the effect of transport on glutathione and Se status of feeder lambs. Recently weaned lambs (n = 40) were blocked by gender and BW on d 0 of the experiment and randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups: group 1, no transport and full access to feed and water (control), and group 2, 8-h road transport followed by another 16 h of feed deprivation (transport). After 24 h, both treatment groups were treated the same. All lambs were weighed, and blood samples were collected at 0, 8, 24, and 72 h and analyzed for whole-blood (WB) and serum Se concentrations, serum NEFA concentrations, and erythrocyte concentrations of glutathione. Transport of feeder lambs for 8 h followed by another 16 h of feed deprivation transiently (significant at 24 h but no longer different at 72 h) decreased BW and erythrocyte glutathione concentrations and increased serum NEFA and blood Se concentrations compared with control lambs. Our results suggest that 8 h of transport followed by another 16 h of feed deprivation results in fatty acid and Se mobilization from tissue stores with a coincident decrease in erythrocyte glutathione concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - G Bobe
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331 Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - B K Nixon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - W R Vorachek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - Hugejiletu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - T Nichols
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - W D Mosher
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - G J Pirelli
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
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Davison BJ, Morley R, Carter J, de Belder MA, Hall JA, Muir D, Swanson N, Sutton AGC, Wright RA. 65 Proximal Lad PCI - Single Centre Long Term Outcomes 2003–2013. Heart 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-306118.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Spencer SP, Wilhelm C, Yang Q, Hall JA, Bouladoux N, Boyd A, Nutman TB, Urban JF, Wang J, Ramalingam TR, Bhandoola A, Wynn TA, Belkaid Y. Adaptation of innate lymphoid cells to a micronutrient deficiency promotes type 2 barrier immunity. Science 2014; 343:432-7. [PMID: 24458645 DOI: 10.1126/science.1247606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
How the immune system adapts to malnutrition to sustain immunity at barrier surfaces, such as the intestine, remains unclear. Vitamin A deficiency is one of the most common micronutrient deficiencies and is associated with profound defects in adaptive immunity. Here, we found that type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are severely diminished in vitamin A-deficient settings, which results in compromised immunity to acute bacterial infection. However, vitamin A deprivation paradoxically resulted in dramatic expansion of interleukin-13 (IL-13)-producing ILC2s and resistance to nematode infection in mice, which revealed that ILCs are primary sensors of dietary stress. Further, these data indicate that, during malnutrition, a switch to innate type 2 immunity may represent a powerful adaptation of the immune system to promote host survival in the face of ongoing barrier challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Spencer
- Immunity at Barrier Sites Initiative, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda 20892, USA
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He BJ, Nolte G, Nagata K, Takano D, Yamazaki T, Fujimaki Y, Maeda T, Satoh Y, Heckers S, George MS, Lopes da Silva F, de Munck JC, Van Houdt PJ, Verdaasdonk RM, Ossenblok P, Mullinger K, Bowtell R, Bagshaw AP, Keeser D, Karch S, Segmiller F, Hantschk I, Berman A, Padberg F, Pogarell O, Scharnowski F, Karch S, Hümmer S, Keeser D, Paolini M, Kirsch V, Koller G, Rauchmann B, Kupka M, Blautzik J, Pogarell O, Razavi N, Jann K, Koenig T, Kottlow M, Hauf M, Strik W, Dierks T, Gotman J, Vulliemoz S, Lu Y, Zhang H, Yang L, Worrell G, He B, Gruber O, Piguet C, Hubl D, Homan P, Kindler J, Dierks T, Kim K, Steinhoff U, Wakai R, Koenig T, Kottlow M, Melie-García L, Mucci A, Volpe U, Prinster A, Salvatore M, Galderisi S, Linden DEJ, Brandeis D, Schroeder CE, Kayser C, Panzeri S, Kleinschmidt A, Ritter P, Walther S, Haueisen J, Lau S, Flemming L, Sonntag H, Maess B, Knösche TR, Lanfer B, Dannhauer M, Wolters CH, Stenroos M, Haueisen J, Wolters C, Aydin U, Lanfer B, Lew S, Lucka F, Ruthotto L, Vorwerk J, Wagner S, Ramon C, Guan C, Ang KK, Chua SG, Kuah WK, Phua KS, Chew E, Zhou H, Chuang KH, Ang BT, Wang C, Zhang H, Yang H, Chin ZY, Yu H, Pan Y, Collins L, Mainsah B, Colwell K, Morton K, Ryan D, Sellers E, Caves K, Throckmorton S, Kübler A, Holz EM, Zickler C, Sellers E, Ryan D, Brown K, Colwell K, Mainsah B, Caves K, Throckmorton S, Collins L, Wennberg R, Ahlfors SP, Grova C, Chowdhury R, Hedrich T, Heers M, Zelmann R, Hall JA, Lina JM, Kobayashi E, Oostendorp T, van Dam P, Oosterhof P, Linnenbank A, Coronel R, van Dessel P, de Bakker J, Rossion B, Jacques C, Witthoft N, Weiner KS, Foster BL, Miller KJ, Hermes D, Parvizi J, Grill-Spector K, Recanzone GH, Murray MM, Haynes JD, Richiardi J, Greicius M, De Lucia M, Müller KR, Formisano E, Smieskova R, Schmidt A, Bendfeldt K, Walter A, Riecher-Rössler A, Borgwardt S, Fusar-Poli P, Eliez S, Schmidt A, Sekihara K, Nagarajan SS, Schoffelen JM, Guggisberg AG, Nolte G, Balazs S, Kermanshahi K, Kiesenhofer W, Binder H, Rattay F, Antal A, Chaieb L, Paulus W, Bodis-Wollner I, Maurer K, Fein G, Camchong J, Johnstone J, Cardenas-Nicolson V, Fiederer LDJ, Lucka F, Yang S, Vorwerk J, Dümpelmann M, Cosandier-Rimélé D, Schulze-Bonhage A, Aertsen A, Speck O, Wolters CH, Ball T, Fuchs M, Wagner M, Kastner J, Tech R, Dinh C, Haueisen J, Baumgarten D, Hämäläinen MS, Lau S, Vogrin SJ, D'Souza W, Haueisen J, Cook MJ, Custo A, Van De Ville D, Vulliemoz S, Grouiller F, Michel CM, Malmivuo J, Aydin U, Vorwerk J, Küpper P, Heers M, Kugel H, Wellmer J, Kellinghaus C, Scherg M, Rampp S, Wolters C, Storti SF, Boscolo Galazzo I, Del Felice A, Pizzini FB, Arcaro C, Formaggio E, Mai R, Manganotti P, Koessler L, Vignal J, Cecchin T, Colnat-Coulbois S, Vespignani H, Ramantani G, Maillard L, Rektor I, Kuba R, Brázdil M, Chrastina J, Rektorova I, van Mierlo P, Carrette E, Strobbe G, Montes-Restrepo V, Vonck K, Vandenberghe S, Ahmed B, Brodely C, Carlson C, Kuzniecky R, Devinsky O, French J, Thesen T, Bénis D, David O, Lachaux JP, Seigneuret E, Krack P, Fraix V, Chabardès S, Bastin J, Jann K, Gee D, Kilroy E, Cannon T, Wang DJ, Hale JR, Mayhew SD, Przezdzik I, Arvanitis TN, Bagshaw AP, Plomp G, Quairiaux C, Astolfi L, Michel CM, Mayhew SD, Mullinger KJ, Bagshaw AP, Bowtell R, Francis ST, Schouten AC, Campfens SF, van der Kooij H, Koles Z, Lind J, Flor-Henry P, Wirth M, Haase CM, Villeneuve S, Vogel J, Jagust WJ, Kambeitz-Ilankovic L, Simon-Vermot L, Gesierich B, Duering M, Ewers M, Rektorova I, Krajcovicova L, Marecek R, Mikl M, Bracht T, Horn H, Strik W, Federspiel A, Schnell S, Höfle O, Stegmayer K, Wiest R, Dierks T, Müller TJ, Walther S, Surmeli T, Ertem A, Eralp E, Kos IH, Skrandies W, Flüggen S, Klein A, Britz J, Díaz Hernàndez L, Ro T, Michel CM, Lenartowicz A, Lau E, Rodriguez C, Cohen MS, Loo SK, Di Lorenzo G, Pagani M, Monaco L, Daverio A, Giannoudas I, La Porta P, Verardo AR, Niolu C, Fernandez I, Siracusano A, Flor-Henry P, Lind J, Koles Z, Bollmann S, Ghisleni C, O'Gorman R, Poil SS, Klaver P, Michels L, Martin E, Ball J, Eich-Höchli D, Brandeis D, Salisbury DF, Murphy TK, Butera CD, Mathalon DH, Fryer SL, Kiehl KA, Calhoun VC, Pearlson GD, Roach BJ, Ford JM, McGlashan TH, Woods SW, Volpe U, Merlotti E, Vignapiano A, Montefusco V, Plescia GM, Gallo O, Romano P, Mucci A, Galderisi S, Mingoia G, Langbein K, Dietzek M, Wagner G, Smesny, Scherpiet S, Maitra R, Gaser C, Sauer H, Nenadic I, Gonzalez Andino S, Grave de Peralta Menendez R, Grave de Peralta Menendez R, Sanchez Vives M, Rebollo B, Gonzalez Andino S, Frølich L, Andersen TS, Mørup M, Belfiore P, Gargiulo P, Ramon C, Vanhatalo S, Cho JH, Vorwerk J, Wolters CH, Knösche TR, Watanabe T, Kawabata Y, Ukegawa D, Kawabata S, Adachi Y, Sekihara K, Sekihara K, Nagarajan SS, Wagner S, Aydin U, Vorwerk J, Herrmann C, Burger M, Wolters C, Lucka F, Aydin U, Vorwerk J, Burger M, Wolters C, Bauer M, Trahms L, Sander T, Faber PL, Lehmann D, Gianotti LRR, Pascual-Marqui RD, Milz P, Kochi K, Kaneko S, Yamashita S, Yana K, Kalogianni K, Vardy AN, Schouten AC, van der Helm FCT, Sorrentino A, Luria G, Aramini R, Hunold A, Funke M, Eichardt R, Haueisen J, Gómez-Aguilar F, Vázquez-Olvera S, Cordova-Fraga T, Castro-López J, Hernández-Gonzalez MA, Solorio-Meza S, Sosa-Aquino M, Bernal-Alvarado JJ, Vargas-Luna M, Vorwerk J, Magyari L, Ludewig J, Oostenveld R, Wolters CH, Vorwerk J, Engwer C, Ludewig J, Wolters C, Sato K, Nishibe T, Furuya M, Yamashiro K, Yana K, Ono T, Puthanmadam Subramaniyam N, Hyttinen J, Lau S, Güllmar D, Flemming L, Haueisen J, Sonntag H, Vorwerk J, Wolters CH, Grasedyck L, Haueisen J, Maeß B, Freitag S, Graichen U, Fiedler P, Strohmeier D, Haueisen J, Stenroos M, Hauk O, Grigutsch M, Felber M, Maess B, Herrmann B, Strobbe G, van Mierlo P, Vandenberghe S, Strobbe G, Cárdenas-Peña D, Montes-Restrepo V, van Mierlo P, Castellanos-Dominguez G, Vandenberghe S, Lanfer B, Paul-Jordanov I, Scherg M, Wolters CH, Ito Y, Sato D, Kamada K, Kobayashi T, Dalal SS, Rampp S, Willomitzer F, Arold O, Fouladi-Movahed S, Häusler G, Stefan H, Ettl S, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Li H, Kong X, Montes-Restrepo V, Strobbe G, van Mierlo P, Vandenberghe S, Wong DDE, Bidet-Caulet A, Knight RT, Crone NE, Dalal SS, Birot G, Spinelli L, Vulliémoz S, Seeck M, Michel CM, Emory H, Wells C, Mizrahi N, Vogrin SJ, Lau S, Cook MJ, Karahanoglu FI, Grouiller F, Caballero-Gaudes C, Seeck M, Vulliemoz S, Van De Ville D, Spinelli L, Megevand P, Genetti M, Schaller K, Michel C, Vulliemoz S, Seeck M, Genetti M, Tyrand R, Grouiller F, Vulliemoz S, Spinelli L, Seeck M, Schaller K, Michel CM, Grouiller F, Heinzer S, Delattre B, Lazeyras F, Spinelli L, Pittau F, Seeck M, Ratib O, Vargas M, Garibotto V, Vulliemoz S, Vogrin SJ, Bailey CA, Kean M, Warren AE, Davidson A, Seal M, Harvey AS, Archer JS, Papadopoulou M, Leite M, van Mierlo P, Vonck K, Boon P, Friston K, Marinazzo D, Ramon C, Holmes M, Koessler L, Rikir E, Gavaret M, Bartolomei F, Vignal JP, Vespignani H, Maillard L, Centeno M, Perani S, Pier K, Lemieux L, Clayden J, Clark C, Pressler R, Cross H, Carmichael DW, Spring A, Bessemer R, Pittman D, Aghakhani Y, Federico P, Pittau F, Grouiller F, Vulliémoz S, Gotman J, Badier JM, Bénar CG, Bartolomei F, Cruto C, Chauvel P, Gavaret M, Brodbeck V, van Leeuwen T, Tagliazzuchi E, Melloni L, Laufs H, Griskova-Bulanova I, Dapsys K, Klein C, Hänggi J, Jäncke L, Ehinger BV, Fischer P, Gert AL, Kaufhold L, Weber F, Marchante Fernandez M, Pipa G, König P, Sekihara K, Hiyama E, Koga R, Iannilli E, Michel CM, Bartmuss AL, Gupta N, Hummel T, Boecker R, Holz N, Buchmann AF, Blomeyer D, Plichta MM, Wolf I, Baumeister S, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Banaschewski T, Brandeis D, Laucht M, Natahara S, Ueno M, Kobayashi T, Kottlow M, Bänninger A, Koenig T, Schwab S, Koenig T, Federspiel A, Dierks T, Jann K, Natsukawa H, Kobayashi T, Tüshaus L, Koenig T, Kottlow M, Achermann P, Wilson RS, Mayhew SD, Assecondi S, Arvanitis TN, Bagshaw AP, Darque A, Rihs TA, Grouiller F, Lazeyras F, Ha-Vinh Leuchter R, Caballero C, Michel CM, Hüppi PS, Hauser TU, Hunt LT, Iannaccone R, Stämpfli P, Brandeis D, Dolan RJ, Walitza S, Brem S, Graichen U, Eichardt R, Fiedler P, Strohmeier D, Freitag S, Zanow F, Haueisen J, Lordier L, Grouiller F, Van de Ville D, Sancho Rossignol A, Cordero I, Lazeyras F, Ansermet F, Hüppi P, Schläpfer A, Rubia K, Brandeis D, Di Lorenzo G, Pagani M, Monaco L, Daverio A, Giannoudas I, Verardo AR, La Porta P, Niolu C, Fernandez I, Siracusano A, Tamura K, Karube C, Mizuba T, Matsufuji M, Takashima S, Iramina K, Assecondi S, Ostwald D, Bagshaw AP, Marecek R, Brazdil M, Lamos M, Slavícek T, Marecek R, Jan J, Meier NM, Perrig W, Koenig T, Minami T, Noritake Y, Nakauchi S, Azuma K, Minami T, Nakauchi S, Rodriguez C, Lenartowicz A, Cohen MS, Rodriguez C, Lenartowicz A, Cohen MS, Iramina K, Kinoshita H, Tamura K, Karube C, Kaneko M, Ide J, Noguchi Y, Cohen MS, Douglas PK, Rodriguez CM, Xia HJ, Zimmerman EM, Konopka CJ, Epstein PS, Konopka LM, Giezendanner S, Fisler M, Soravia L, Andreotti J, Wiest R, Dierks T, Federspiel A, Razavi N, Federspiel A, Dierks T, Hauf M, Jann K, Kamada K, Sato D, Ito Y, Okano K, Mizutani N, Kobayashi T, Thelen A, Murray M, Pastena L, Formaggio E, Storti SF, Faralli F, Melucci M, Gagliardi R, Ricciardi L, Ruffino G, Coito A, Macku P, Tyrand R, Astolfi L, He B, Wiest R, Seeck M, Michel C, Plomp G, Vulliemoz S, Fischmeister FPS, Glaser J, Schöpf V, Bauer H, Beisteiner R, Deligianni F, Centeno M, Carmichael DW, Clayden J, Mingoia G, Langbein K, Dietzek M, Wagner G, Smesny S, Scherpiet S, Maitra R, Gaser C, Sauer H, Nenadic I, Dürschmid S, Zaehle T, Pannek H, Chang HF, Voges J, Rieger J, Knight RT, Heinze HJ, Hinrichs H, Tsatsishvili V, Cong F, Puoliväli T, Alluri V, Toiviainen P, Nandi AK, Brattico E, Ristaniemi T, Grieder M, Crinelli RM, Jann K, Federspiel A, Wirth M, Koenig T, Stein M, Wahlund LO, Dierks T, Atsumori H, Yamaguchi R, Okano Y, Sato H, Funane T, Sakamoto K, Kiguchi M, Tränkner A, Schindler S, Schmidt F, Strauß M, Trampel R, Hegerl U, Turner R, Geyer S, Schönknecht P, Kebets V, van Assche M, Goldstein R, van der Meulen M, Vuilleumier P, Richiardi J, Van De Ville D, Assal F, Wozniak-Kwasniewska A, Szekely D, Harquel S, Bougerol T, David O, Bracht T, Jones DK, Horn H, Müller TJ, Walther S, Sos P, Klirova M, Novak T, Brunovsky M, Horacek J, Bares M, Hoschl C C, Fellhauer I, Zöllner FG, Schröder J, Kong L, Essig M, Schad LR, Arrubla J, Neuner I, Hahn D, Boers F, Shah NJ, Neuner I, Arrubla J, Hahn D, Boers F, Jon Shah N, Suriya Prakash M, Sharma R, Kawaguchi H, Kobayashi T, Fiedler P, Griebel S, Biller S, Fonseca C, Vaz F, Zentner L, Zanow F, Haueisen J, Rochas V, Rihs T, Thut G, Rosenberg N, Landis T, Michel C, Moliadze V, Schmanke T, Lyzhko E, Bassüner S, Freitag C, Siniatchkin M, Thézé R, Guggisberg AG, Nahum L, Schnider A, Meier L, Friedrich H, Jann K, Landis B, Wiest R, Federspiel A, Strik W, Dierks T, Witte M, Kober SE, Neuper C, Wood G, König R, Matysiak A, Kordecki W, Sieluzycki C, Zacharias N, Heil P, Wyss C, Boers F, Arrubla J, Dammers J, Kawohl W, Neuner I, Shah NJ, Braboszcz C, Cahn RB, Levy J, Fernandez M, Delorme A, Rosas-Martinez L, Milne E, Zheng Y, Urakami Y, Kawamura K, Washizawa Y, Hiyoshi K, Cichocki A, Giroud N, Dellwo V, Meyer M, Rufener KS, Liem F, Dellwo V, Meyer M, Jones-Rounds JD, Raizada R, Staljanssens W, Strobbe G, van Mierlo P, Van Holen R, Vandenberghe S, Pefkou M, Becker R, Michel C, Hervais-Adelman A, He W, Brock J, Johnson B, Ohla K, Hitz K, Heekeren K, Obermann C, Huber T, Juckel G, Kawohl W, Gabriel D, Comte A, Henriques J, Magnin E, Grigoryeva L, Ortega JP, Haffen E, Moulin T, Pazart L, Aubry R, Kukleta M, Baris Turak B, Louvel J, Crespo-Garcia M, Cantero JL, Atienza M, Connell S, Kilborn K, Damborská A, Brázdil M, Rektor I, Kukleta M, Koberda JL, Bienkiewicz A, Koberda I, Koberda P, Moses A, Tomescu M, Rihs T, Britz J, Custo A, Grouiller F, Schneider M, Debbané M, Eliez S, Michel C, Wang GY, Kydd R, Wouldes TA, Jensen M, Russell BR, Dissanayaka N, Au T, Angwin A, O'Sullivan J, Byrne G, Silburn P, Marsh R, Mellic G, Copland D, Bänninger A, Kottlow M, Díaz Hernàndez L, Koenig T, Díaz Hernàndez L, Bänninger A, Koenig T, Hauser TU, Iannaccone R, Mathys C, Ball J, Drechsler R, Brandeis D, Walitza S, Brem S, Boeijinga PH, Pang EW, Valica T, Macdonald MJ, Oh A, Lerch JP, Anagnostou E, Di Lorenzo G, Pagani M, Monaco L, Daverio A, Verardo AR, Giannoudas I, La Porta P, Niolu C, Fernandez I, Siracusano A, Shimada T, Matsuda Y, Monkawa A, Monkawa T, Hashimoto R, Watanabe K, Kawasaki Y, Matsuda Y, Shimada T, Monkawa T, Monkawa A, Watanabe K, Kawasaki Y, Stegmayer K, Horn H, Federspiel A, Razavi N, Bracht T, Laimböck K, Strik W, Dierks T, Wiest R, Müller TJ, Walther S, Koorenhof LJ, Swithenby SJ, Martins-Mourao A, Rihs TA, Tomescu M, Song KW, Custo A, Knebel JF, Murray M, Eliez S, Michel CM, Volpe U, Merlotti E, Vignapiano A, Montefusco V, Plescia GM, Gallo O, Romano P, Mucci A, Galderisi S, Laimboeck K, Jann K, Walther S, Federspiel A, Wiest R, Strik W, Horn H. Abstracts of Presentations at the International Conference on Basic and Clinical Multimodal Imaging (BaCI), a Joint Conference of the International Society for Neuroimaging in Psychiatry (ISNIP), the International Society for Functional Source Imaging (ISFSI), the International Society for Bioelectromagnetism (ISBEM), the International Society for Brain Electromagnetic Topography (ISBET), and the EEG and Clinical Neuroscience Society (ECNS), in Geneva, Switzerland, September 5-8, 2013. Clin EEG Neurosci 2013; 44:1550059413507209. [PMID: 24368763 DOI: 10.1177/1550059413507209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B J He
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Châtillon CE, Zelmann R, Hall JA, Olivier A, Dubeau F, Gotman J. Influence of contact size on the detection of HFOs in human intracerebral EEG recordings. Clin Neurophysiol 2013; 124:1541-6. [PMID: 23578565 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.02.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High frequency oscillations (HFOs) are brief electroencephalographic events associated with epileptic activity, and likely representing biological markers of the epileptogenic zone. HFOs are usually detected with intracranial EEG and detection is influenced by contact size. The size of commercially available intracerebral electrodes varies widely. This study assesses HFO detection rates from adjacent electrode contacts in human intracerebral recordings. METHODS Intracerebral recordings were collected from 11 patients undergoing stereoelectroencephalographic investigation using hybrid depth electrodes containing adjacent large (0.8 or 5 mm(2)) and small (0.2 or 0.3 mm(2)) contacts. HFOs were marked manually during 5-min tracings in 131 pairs of adjacent large and small contacts. HFO rates per minute and mean event durations were compared between adjacent contacts. RESULTS A minimal but statistically significant advantage in ripple detection was found in a subgroup of large contacts. Otherwise, HFO rates and mean event durations were not statistically different between groups. CONCLUSION The size of clinical contacts within the studied range did not influence HFO detection in a clinically relevant manner. Larger contacts provide a minimal advantage for ripple detection. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that commercially available intracerebral electrodes with contacts between 0.2 and 5 mm(2) likely possess similar HFO detection abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Châtillon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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Hall JA, Brown CS, Pettigrew L, Malik ANJ, Watson J, Topiwala A, McGregor L, Ramsay R. Fit for the future? The place of global health in the UK's postgraduate medical training: a review. JRSM Short Rep 2013; 4:19. [PMID: 23560218 PMCID: PMC3616298 DOI: 10.1177/2042533313476421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES That health is now global is increasingly accepted. However, a 'mismatch between present professional competencies and the requirements of an increasingly interdependent world' has been identified. Postgraduate training should take account of the increasingly global nature of health; this paper examines the extent to which they currently do. DESIGN Trainees across 11 medical specialties reviewed the content of their postgraduate curriculum. SETTING Not relevant. PARTCIPANTS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Competencies were coded as 'UK' (statement only relevant to UK work), 'global' (statement with an explicit reference to aspects of health outside the UK) or generic (relevant both to the UK and international settings). RESULTS Six of the 11 curricula reviewed contained global health competencies. These covered the global burden or determinants of disease and appropriate policy responses. Only one College required trainees to 'be aware of the World Health Organization', or 'know the local, national and international structures for health care'. These cross-cutting competencies have applicability to all specialties. All 11 curricula contained generic competencies where a global health perspective and/or experience could be advantageous, e.g. caring for migrant or culturally different patients. CONCLUSION Trainees in all specialties should achieve a minimum requirement of global health awareness. This can be achieved through a small number of common competencies that are consistent across core curricula. These should lead on from equivalent undergraduate competencies. Addressing the current gap in the global health content of postgraduate medical curricula will ensure that the UK has health professionals that are trained to meet the health challenges of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- JA Hall
- FPH Global Health Specialty Registrar's Group, Chair, London SE22 9DB, UK
| | - CS Brown
- Alma Mata Global Health Graduates’ Network, London, UK
| | | | | | - J Watson
- RCGP Junior International Committee, Education and Training Lead, London, UK
| | - A Topiwala
- Royal College of Psychiatrists’ International Advisory Committee, London, UK
| | | | - R Ramsay
- RCGP Junior International Committee Chair, London, UK
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Stewart WC, Bobe G, Vorachek WR, Stang BV, Pirelli GJ, Mosher WD, Hall JA. Organic and inorganic selenium: IV. passive transfer of immunoglobulin from ewe to lamb. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:1791-800. [PMID: 23408818 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborn lambs depend on their dams for passive transfer of immunoglobulins, primarily IgG, for protection from harmful pathogens until their own immunological defenses have developed. Previous studies have suggested that supplementation with Se results in a modest increase in IgG concentration in serum of newborn calves and lambs. To evaluate the effect of the Se source and supplementation rate in ewes during pregnancy on passive transfer of IgG to their lambs, 210 Polypay, Suffolk, or Suffolk × Polypay cross ewes were divided into 7 treatment groups (n = 30 each) and drenched weekly with no Se, at the maximum FDA-allowed concentration with inorganic Na-selenite or organic Se-yeast (4.9 mg Se/wk), or with inorganic Na-selenite and organic Se-yeast at supranutritional concentrations (14.7 and 24.5 mg Se/wk). Ewe serum IgG concentrations were measured within 30 d of parturition, ewe colostrum and lamb serum IgG concentrations were measured at parturition before suckling, and lamb serum IgG concentrations were measured again at 48 h postnatal. Ewes receiving 24.5 mg Se/wk tended to have or had, independent of Se source, greater colostral IgG concentrations than ewes receiving 4.9 mg Se/wk overall (81.3 vs. 66.2 mg/mL; P = 0.08) and for Polypay ewes only (90.1 vs. 60.7 mg/mL; P = 0.03). Polypay ewes receiving Se-yeast at 24.5 mg Se/wk transferred a greater calculated total IgG amount to their lambs than Polypay ewes receiving Se-yeast at 4.9 mg Se/wk (15.5 vs. 11.6 g; P = 0.02), whereas the converse was true (interaction between Se source and dose concentration; P = 0.03) for Polypay ewes receiving inorganic Na-selenite at 24.5 mg Se/wk vs. Na-selenite at 4.9 mg/wk (11.6 vs. 15.7 g; P = 0.08). Our results suggest that supranutritional Se supplementation of Polypay ewes during pregnancy increases colostral IgG concentrations but that the optimal supplementation rate for IgG transfer from ewe to lamb may differ for Na-selenite and Se-yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Stewart
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agriculture, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331, USA
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Abstract
Selenium is an essential micronutrient in sheep, and deficiency can limit lamb growth and survival. To evaluate how different chemical forms of Se administered to mature ewes at comparative dosages affect ewe and progeny performance, 240 ewes were divided into 8 treatment groups (n = 30 each) and drenched weekly with no Se; at the maximum FDA-allowed concentration with inorganic Na-selenite or organic Se-yeast (4.9 mg Se/wk); with inorganic Na-selenate (8.95 mg Se/wk); or with inorganic Na-selenite and organic Se-yeast at supranutritional concentrations (14.7 and 24.5 mg Se/wk, respectively). The treatment period started approximately 2 wk before breeding and lasted for 62.5 wk. Ewes of the no-Se and Se-yeast groups continued treatments for another 21 to 24 wk through a second lambing season. Chemical form or dosage of Se did not affect ewe reproductive performance based on proportion of ewes lambing in each treatment group, or number of lambs born, nursed, or weaned per ewe (all P > 0.10). Ewes receiving the highest supplementation rate of Se-yeast at 24.5 mg Se/wk had higher BCS (scale 1 to 5) at the end of yr 1 (2.95 vs. 2.66; P = 0.05) than ewes receiving Se-yeast at 4.9 mg Se/wk. Performance was better in lambs from ewes receiving Se-yeast at 24.5 mg Se/wk than in lambs from ewes receiving Se-yeast at 4.9 mg Se/wk or no Se. In yr 1, lambs from ewes receiving Se-yeast at 24.5 vs. 4.9 mg Se/wk were heavier at 120 d of age (37.0 vs. 34.2 kg; P = 0.05). In yr 2, lambs from ewes receiving Se-yeast at 24.5 mg Se/wk were or tended to be heavier at 60 d of age than lambs from ewes receiving no Se (21.2 vs. 19.0 kg; P = 0.04) or lambs from ewes receiving Se-yeast at 4.9 mg Se/wk (19.2 kg; P = 0.09). This effect was more pronounced in ewes raising multiple lambs. We conclude that supranutritional supplementation of ewes with Se-yeast at 24.5 mg Se/wk improves lamb growth and ewe health without negatively affecting reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Stewart
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agriculture, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331, USA
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Stewart WC, Bobe G, Vorachek WR, Pirelli GJ, Mosher WD, Nichols T, Van Saun RJ, Forsberg NE, Hall JA. Organic and inorganic selenium: II. Transfer efficiency from ewes to lambs1. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:577-84. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W. C. Stewart
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - G. Bobe
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - W. R. Vorachek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - G. J. Pirelli
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - W. D. Mosher
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - T. Nichols
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - R. J. Van Saun
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - N. E. Forsberg
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - J. A. Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
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Hall JA, Van Saun RJ, Bobe G, Stewart WC, Vorachek WR, Mosher WD, Nichols T, Forsberg NE, Pirelli GJ. Organic and inorganic selenium: I. Oral bioavailability in ewes. J Anim Sci 2011; 90:568-76. [PMID: 21965451 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the essentiality of dietary Se for sheep has been known for decades, the chemical source and Se dosage for optimal health remain unclear. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates Se supplementation, regardless of the source of Se, at 0.3 mg of Se/kg of diet (as fed), which is equivalent to 0.7 mg of Se/d or 4.9 mg of Se/wk per sheep. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of Se source (inorganic vs. organic) and supplementation rate (FDA vs. supranutritional rates of 14.7 and 24.5 mg of Se/wk) on whole-blood (WB) and serum-Se concentrations. Mature ewes (n = 240) were randomly assigned to 8 treatment groups (n = 30 each) based on Se supplementation rate (4.9, 14.7, and 24.5 mg of Se•wk(-1)•sheep(-1)) and source [Na-selenite, Na-selenate (4.9 mg/wk only), and organic Se-yeast] with a no-Se control group (0 mg of Se/wk). Treatment groups were balanced for healthy and footrot-affected ewes. For 1 yr, ewes were individually dosed once weekly with 0, 4.9, 14.7, or 24.5 mg of Se, quantities equivalent to their summed daily supplementation rates. Serum- and WB-Se concentrations were measured every 3 mo in all ewes; additionally, WB-Se concentrations were measured once monthly in one-half of the ewes receiving 0 or 4.9 mg of Se/wk. Ewes receiving no Se showed a 78.8 and 58.8% decrease (P < 0.001) in WB- (250 to 53 ng/mL) and serum- (97 to 40 ng/mL) Se concentrations, respectively, over the duration of the study. Whole-blood Se decreased primarily during pregnancy (-57%; 258 to 111 ng/mL) and again during peak lactation (-44%; 109 to 61 ng/mL; P < 0.001). At 4.9 mg of Se/wk, Se-yeast (364 ng/mL, final Se concentration) was more effective than Na-selenite (269 ng/mL) at increasing WB-Se concentrations (P < 0.001). Supranutritional Se-yeast dosages increased WB-Se concentrations in a dose-dependent manner (563 ng/mL, 14.7 mg of Se/wk; 748 ng/mL, 24.5 mg of Se/wk; P < 0.001), whereas WB-Se concentrations were not different for the Na-selenite groups (350 ng/mL, 14.7 mg of Se/wk; 363 ng/mL, 24.5 mg of Se/wk) or the 4.9 mg of Se/wk Se-yeast group (364 ng/mL). In summary, the dose range whereby Se supplementation increased blood Se concentrations was more limited for inorganic Na-selenite than for organic Se-yeast. The smallest rate (FDA-recommended quantity) of organic Se supplementation was equally effective as supranutritional rates of Na-selenite supplementation in increasing WB-Se concentrations, demonstrating the greater oral bioavailability of organic Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331, USA.
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Austin D, Adam Z, Shome J, Awan M, Sutton AGC, Hall JA, Wright RA, Muir DF, Swanson NM, Carter J, de Belder M. 1 Route of admission in stemi: do patients who present directly to a PCI-capable hospital differ from inter-hospital transfers? Heart 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300198.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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DePaolo RW, Abadie V, Tang F, Fehlner-Peach H, Hall JA, Wang W, Marietta EV, Kasarda DD, Waldmann TA, Murray JA, Semrad C, Kupfer SS, Belkaid Y, Guandalini S, Jabri B. Co-adjuvant effects of retinoic acid and IL-15 induce inflammatory immunity to dietary antigens. Nature 2011; 471:220-4. [PMID: 21307853 DOI: 10.1038/nature09849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Under physiological conditions the gut-associated lymphoid tissues not only prevent the induction of a local inflammatory immune response, but also induce systemic tolerance to fed antigens. A notable exception is coeliac disease, where genetically susceptible individuals expressing human leukocyte antigen (HLA) HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 molecules develop inflammatory T-cell and antibody responses against dietary gluten, a protein present in wheat. The mechanisms underlying this dysregulated mucosal immune response to a soluble antigen have not been identified. Retinoic acid, a metabolite of vitamin A, has been shown to have a critical role in the induction of intestinal regulatory responses. Here we find in mice that in conjunction with IL-15, a cytokine greatly upregulated in the gut of coeliac disease patients, retinoic acid rapidly activates dendritic cells to induce JNK (also known as MAPK8) phosphorylation and release the proinflammatory cytokines IL-12p70 and IL-23. As a result, in a stressed intestinal environment, retinoic acid acted as an adjuvant that promoted rather than prevented inflammatory cellular and humoral responses to fed antigen. Altogether, these findings reveal an unexpected role for retinoic acid and IL-15 in the abrogation of tolerance to dietary antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W DePaolo
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Kunadian B, Morley R, Roberts AP, Adam Z, Twomey D, Hall JA, Wright RA, Sutton AGC, Muir DF, de Belder MA. Impact of implementation of evidence-based strategies to reduce door-to-balloon time in patients presenting with STEMI: continuous data analysis and feedback using a statistical process control plot. Heart 2010; 96:1557-63. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2010.195545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Adam Z, Kumar N, Matthews IG, Hall JA, Wright RA, Sutton AGC, Muir DF, Swanson N, Carter J, de Belder MA. 040 Twelve lead electrocardiographic criteria for reperfusion therapy in ST elevation myocardial infarction: need for reappraisal with the advent of primary percutaneous coronary intervention? Heart 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2010.195958.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hetherington SL, Adam Z, Morley R, de Belder MA, Hall JA, Muir DF, Sutton AGC, Swanson N, Wright RA. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: changing patterns of vascular access, radial versus femoral artery. Heart 2009; 95:1612-8. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2009.170233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Sutton AG, Khurana C, Hall JA, Davies A, de Belder MA. The use of atropine for facilitation of direct current cardioversion from atrial fibrillation--results of a pilot study. Clin Cardiol 2009; 22:712-4. [PMID: 10554685 PMCID: PMC6656084 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960221106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of the role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in the initiation and propagation of atrial fibrillation has been demonstrated in the condition of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. However, the role of the ANS in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation is less clear. Some patients with chronic atrial fibrillation are resistant to the standard techniques of direct current (DC) cardioversion. HYPOTHESIS We sought to investigate whether excessive vagal tone might prevent the restoration of sinus rhythm and to establish that the abolition of vagal tone using intravenous atropine will facilitate DC cardioversion in patients with atrial fibrillation who are resistant to the standard cardioversion techniques. METHODS Beginning in August 1994, a change in the protocol for elective DC cardioversion of atrial fibrillation was made to include the use of intravenous atropine for patients resistant to the standard techniques of DC cardioversion. RESULTS Over a 2-year period, 140 elective cardioversions were performed for atrial fibrillation. Sinus rhythm could not be restored on 31 occasions. Intravenous atropine prior to a further 360 J shock with paddles in the anteroposterior position allowed sinus rhythm to be restored on nine occasions. Patients with successful cardioversion after atropine had significantly better left ventricular function than those who remained in atrial fibrillation (p = 0.001) as well as a tendency toward a smaller left atrium. CONCLUSION This study suggests that high vagal tone, which is dominant in patients with structurally normal hearts, may prevent the termination of atrial fibrillation by standard techniques of DC cardioversion, and that the abolition of high vagal tone by atropine facilitates the restoration of sinus rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Sutton
- South Cleveland Hospital, Middlesbrough, England, U.K
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Hall JA, Bailey DP, Thonstad KN, Van Saun RJ. Effect of parenteral selenium administration to sheep on prevalence and recovery from footrot. J Vet Intern Med 2009; 23:352-8. [PMID: 19192142 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2008.0253.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient intake of selenium (Se) is common in many regions, and can contribute to increased susceptibility to and prolonged recovery from infectious diseases. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of Se administration in decreasing the severity and prevalence of footrot in sheep. ANIMALS Thirty-eight footrot-affected and 19 nonaffected sheep from a commercial flock of known high incidence of footrot. METHODS Placebo-controlled, prospective, 15-month clinical trial. Footrot-affected sheep were randomly assigned into 2 groups (n = 19) and injected with either 5 mg Se (footrot [FR]-Se) or saline (FR-Sal) at 1-month intervals for the duration of the study. Unaffected sheep (controls) received no treatment. Sheep feet were examined, trimmed, and scored for footrot with a scale of 0 (no footrot) to 4 (extensive) at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 15 months. Sheep were also bled at time 0 and then at 3, 6, and 15 months to assess whole blood Se concentrations. RESULTS At time 0, control sheep (255 +/- 11 ng/mL) had higher (P < .05) whole blood Se concentrations compared with FR-Se (205 +/- 12 ng/mL) and FR-Sal (211 +/- 14 ng/mL) sheep. By 6 months, FR-Se sheep (317 +/- 9 ng/mL) had whole blood Se concentrations greater (P < .05) than both control (281 +/- 14 ng/mL) and FR-Sal (277 +/- 16 ng/mL) sheep. FR-Se ewes showed a faster decline in highest lesion score at 3 (P= .012) and 6 (P= .0036) months, and a greater decrease in the number of feet with foot score >0 at 6 (P= .020) months compared with FR-Sal ewes. Sheep with blood Se concentrations <300 ng/mL were at 3.5 times greater risk (1.1-12.1 confidence interval, odds ratio) for FR, although this relationship was only significant (P= .04) at 6 months of the study. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE In sheep with footrot, improved Se status in conjunction with routine control practices result in more rapid improvement of foot lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Dryden Hall 206, Corvallis, OR 97331-4802, USA.
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Abstract
The persistence of DNA from microorganisms exposed to various concentrations of SiO2 (ranging from 0 to 3000 p.p.m.) was monitored over time. The impact of silica mineralization or silicification on the longevity of 16S rRNA and 16 s rDNA genes from whole cells of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli K12 was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and cells were visualized using optical microscopy. For B. subtilis, DNA longevity decreased in experiments with higher levels of SiO2 (1000 and 3000 p.p.m.), in comparison to zero or low (100 p.p.m.) levels. For B. subtilis, cell viability was greatest in the absence of silica, and markedly decreased in the presence of any concentration of silica. Survival of Escherichia coli cells, on the other hand, was not sensitive to silica in the solution. All cells died at similar rates over the 180 days they were monitored, decreasing to about 1% survival. DNA longevity for E. coli did appear to be enhanced to some degree by the presence of 1000 p.p.m. silica, but higher or lower concentrations showed no increased longevity in comparison to the no-silica control. Overall, findings of this study do not support the hypothesis that siliceous environments provide enhanced protection and preservation of DNA over time. However, results of this study do provide guidelines on the persistence of DNA that might be expected in modern silica-rich environments, which may be an important factor for proper characterization of present-day microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Schelble
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA.
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Abstract
The development of coronary artery disease involves a complex interplay between environmental and genetic factors, with premature coronary artery disease having a strong genetic component. We present the case a pair of monozygotic identical twins presenting near simultaneously with coronary artery disease and identical atherosclerotic lesions despite significant differences in environmental risk factors and being divided geographically by 12,000 miles. This is of enormous importance and not merely curiosity value as it will have implications for the prevention of coronary artery disease, provide an opportunity for the development of new therapeutic strategies, and aid targeted primary prevention through family screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Turley
- Cardiothoracic Division, The James Cook University Hospital, Marton Road, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK.
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Abstract
This review was undertaken to identify the evolutionary process in the current understanding of allegations of drug facilitated sexual assault (DFSA), so that those who work in this field may gain a better understanding of the complexities involved in such cases. Several definitions of DFSA are provided as well as a list of intoxicating substances which have so far been incriminated in this crime. Perception and alcohol use is addressed, whilst an examination of intoxication and victim outcomes reveals disturbing but important information which needs to be centrally placed within health education campaigns with a degree of urgency. The review identifies the effects of alcohol on sexual behaviour, drinking patterns and specific quantitative research indicating very high alcohol levels in some instances. In practical terms, suggestions are made following Operation Matisse, to address prevention, early detection and easier identification of DFSA cases so that victims' needs are prioritised and appropriately addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hall
- Police Service of Northern Ireland, C/O Child Abuse and Rape Enquiry Unit (CARE), Ladas Drive, Belfast, UK.
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Dévaud N, Hall JA, Gaschen F, Vallan C, Doherr MG, Williamson L, Peel JE, Burgener IA. Lymphocyte blastogenic response to ovalbumin in a model for canine allergy. Vet J 2008; 181:178-86. [PMID: 18397835 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2007] [Revised: 12/12/2007] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocyte stimulation tests (LST) were performed in five dogs sensitised with ovalbumin (OVA) and seven healthy dogs. In addition, all five OVA-sensitised and two control dogs were tested after two in vivo provocations with OVA-containing eye drops. The isolated cells were suspended in culture media containing OVA and were cultured for up to 12 days. Proliferation was measured as reduction in 5,6-carboxylfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) intensity by flow cytometry on days 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12. A cell proliferation index (CPI) for each day and the area under the curve (AUC) of the CPI was calculated for each dog. All OVA-sensitised dogs demonstrated increased erythema after conjunctival OVA application. The presence of OVA-specific lymphocytes was demonstrated in 2/5 OVA-sensitised dogs before and 4/5 after in vivo provocation. Using the AUC, the difference between OVA-sensitised and control dogs was significant in all three LST before in vivo provocation (P<0.05) and borderline significant (P=0.053) in 2/3 LST after provocation. The most significant difference in CPI was observed after 9 days of culture (P=0.001). This pilot study indicates that the LST allows detection of rare antigen specific memory T-cells in dogs previously sensitised to, but not concurrently undergoing challenge by a specific antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dévaud
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
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Kunadian B, Dunning J, Das R, Roberts AP, Morley R, Turley AJ, Twomey D, Hall JA, Wright RA, Sutton AGC, Muir DF, de Belder MA. External validation of established risk adjustment models for procedural complications after percutaneous coronary intervention. Heart 2007; 94:1012-8. [PMID: 18032457 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2007.129197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workable risk models for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are needed urgently. OBJECTIVE To validate two proposed risk adjustment models (Mayo Clinic Risk Score (MC), USA and North West Quality Improvement Programme (NWQIP), UK models) for in-hospital PCI complications on an independent dataset of relatively high risk patients undergoing PCI. SETTING Tertiary centre in northern England. METHODS Between September 2002 and August 2006, 5034 consecutive PCI procedures (validation set) were performed on a patient group characterised by a high incidence of acute myocardial infarction (MI; 16.1%) and cardiogenic shock (1.7%). Two external models-the NWQIP model and the MC model-were externally validated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events: in-hospital mortality, Q-wave MI, emergency coronary artery bypass grafting and cerebrovascular accidents. RESULTS An overall in-hospital complication rate of 2% was observed. Multivariate regression analysis identified risk factors for in-hospital complications that were similar to the risk factors identified by the two external models. When fitted to the dataset, both external models had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve >or=0.85 (c index (95% CI), NWQIP 0.86 (0.82 to 0.9); MC 0.87(0.84 to 0.9)), indicating overall excellent model discrimination and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test, p>0.05). The NWQIP model was accurate in predicting in-hospital complications in different patient subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Both models were externally validated. Both predictive models yield comparable results that provide excellent model discrimination and calibration when applied to patient groups in a different geographic population other than that in which the original model was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kunadian
- Department of Cardiology, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
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Hall JA, Jha S, Cherian G. Dietary n-3 fatty acids decrease the leukotriene B4 response ex vivo and the bovine serum albumin-induced footpad swelling index in New Hampshire hens. Can J Anim Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas06026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of feeding New Hampshire hens different amounts of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids on plasma and immune tissue fatty acid profiles, leukotriene (LT) B4 response ex vivo in stimulated thrombocytes, serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations, and bovine serum albumen (BSA)-induced footpad swelling index were investigated. Seventy-two New Hampshire hens (n = 24/treatment) were fed diets supplemented with 3.0% sunflower oil (Diet I), 1.5% sunflower oil + 1.5% fish oil (Diet II), or 3.0% fish oil (Diet III). After 46 d on experimental diets, concentrations of C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 were higher in plasma, thrombocytes, and spleens of hens fed Diet II and III compared with hens fed Diet I (P ≤ 0.05). Thrombocytes from hens fed Diet III that were stimulated ex vivo with calcium ionophore A23187 produced less LTB4 than those from hens fed Diets I and II (P < 0.05). The serum NEFA concentrations were 0.31 ± 0.12, 0.25 ± 0.08, and 0.17 ± 0.06 mEq L-1 for hens fed Diets I, II, and III, respectively (P = 0.07). The cell-mediated immune response, based on results of a BSA-induced footpad swelling index at 48 h, was less in hens fed Diet III (P < 0.05) compared with hens fed Diets I or II. These results indicate that increasing the concentration of n-3 fatty acids in diets fed to New Hampshire hens might depress cell-mediated immunity and the pro-inflammatory LTB4 response. Key words: N-3 fatty acids; Leukotriene B4; Thrombocytes
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Hall JA, Jha S, Skinner MM, Cherian G. Maternal dietary n-3 fatty acids alter immune cell fatty acid composition and leukotriene production in growing chicks. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2007; 76:19-28. [PMID: 17081738 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2006.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2006] [Revised: 08/08/2006] [Accepted: 09/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of feeding different amounts of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (FA) to hens on immune tissue FA composition and leukotriene production of hatched chicks was investigated. Hens were fed diets supplemented with either 3.0% sunflower oil (Diet I), 1.5% sunflower+1.5% fish oil (Diet II), or 3.0% fish oil (Diet III) for 46 days. The hatched chicks were fed a diet containing C18:3n-3, but devoid of longer chain n-6 and n-3 FA, for 21 days. Spleen docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content was higher in chicks from hens fed Diet III (P<0.05). The bursa content of arachidonic acid was lower in chicks hatched from hens fed Diet III (P<0.05), and the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA was significantly higher in bursa of chicks hatched to hens fed Diet I (P<0.05). Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA contents were higher in bursa of chicks hatched from hens fed Diet III (P<0.05). Thrombocytes from chicks hatched to hens fed Diet III produced the most leukotriene B(5) (LTB(5)). The ratio of LTB(5) to LTB(4) concentrations was also highest (P<0.05) in chicks hatched to hens fed Diet III. These results indicate that modulating maternal dietary n-6 and n-3 FA may alter leukotriene production in chicks, which could lead to less inflammatory-related disorders in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Dryden Hall 206, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Iyengar S, Pritchett YL, Hall JA, Chappell AS, Wernicke JF, Goldstein DJ, Simmons RMA, Detke MJ, Shen S, D'Souza DN, Schneider E, Robinson MR. Die Zeit bis zum Ansprechen auf Duloxetin: Ergebnisse zur Übersicht über die Daten aus Zeitdauer bis zum Ansprechen aus präklinischen und klinischen Studien zu neuropathischen Schmerzen. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-982355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Vijayalakshmi K, Whittaker VJ, Kunadian B, Graham J, Wright RA, Hall JA, Sutton A, de Belder MA. Prospective, randomised, controlled trial to study the effect of intracoronary injection of verapamil and adenosine on coronary blood flow during percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Heart 2006; 92:1278-84. [PMID: 16449518 PMCID: PMC1861197 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2005.075077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the impact of injection of verapamil and adenosine in the coronary arteries on TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) frame count (TFC) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS Prospective, randomised, controlled study of the intracoronary administration of normal saline versus verapamil versus adenosine in patients undergoing PCI in the setting of an ACS, even when flow is visually established to be normal or near normal. Patients were randomised to receive verapamil (n = 49), adenosine (n = 51) or normal saline (n = 50) after PCI. Quantitative angiography, TIMI flow grade (TFG), TFC and myocardial blush grade were assessed before PCI, after PCI and after drugs were given. Wall motion index (WMI) was measured at days 1 and 30. RESULTS 9 patients in the verapamil group developed transient heart block, not seen with adenosine (p <or= 0.001). Compared with saline, coronary flow measured by TFC improved significantly and WMI improved slightly but insignificantly in both the verapamil (TFC: p = 0.02; mean difference in improvement in WMI: 0.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.015 to 0.17, p = 0.02) and the adenosine groups (TFC: p = 0.002; mean difference in improvement in WMI: 0.08, 95% CI 0.004 to 0.16, p = 0.04). The improvements in TFC and WMI did not differ significantly between the verapamil and the adenosine groups (TFC: p = 0.2; mean difference in improvement in WMI: 0.01, 95% CI -0.055 to 0.08, p = 0.7, respectively). CONCLUSION Administration of verapamil or adenosine significantly improves coronary flow and WMI after PCI in the setting of an ACS. Flow and WMI did not differ significantly between verapamil and adenosine but verapamil was associated with the development of transient heart block.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vijayalakshmi
- Department of Cardiology, The James Cook University Hospital, Marton Road, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK
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Hall JA, Henry LR, Jha S, Skinner MM, Jewell DE, Wander RC. Dietary (n-3) fatty acids alter plasma fatty acids and leukotriene B synthesis by stimulated neutrophils from healthy geriatric Beagles. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2005; 73:335-41. [PMID: 16146686 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2005.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2005] [Revised: 07/15/2005] [Accepted: 07/16/2005] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The study objective was to determine the effect of feeding food enriched in (n-3) fatty acids (FA) on plasma FA profiles and leukotriene B (LTB) synthesis by stimulated peripheral blood neutrophils from dogs. For 36 weeks, two groups of dogs (n = 5) were fed food that contained either a low ratio of (n-6)-(n-3) FA (1.31:1; fish oil-enriched food) or a high ratio of (n - 6)-(n-3) FA (40.6:1; corn oil-enriched food). Consumption of food enriched in fish oil resulted in higher plasma concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and lower concentrations of arachidonic acid. Neutrophils from dogs fed fish oil-enriched food produced 7.6-fold more LTB(5)(P = 0.002), and the ratio of LTB(5)-LTB(4) concentrations was 8.3-fold higher (P < 0.001) compared with dogs fed corn oil-enriched food. Dietary FA can modulate leukotriene production by neutrophils in dogs, and suggests that foods enriched in (n-3) FA from fish oil may have value in the treatment of canine inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Dryden Hall 206, Corvallis, 97331, USA.
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Sutton AGC, Campbell PG, Graham R, Price DJA, Gray JC, Grech ED, Hall JA, Harcombe AA, Wright RA, Smith RH, Murphy JJ, Shyam-Sundar A, Stewart MJ, Davies A, Linker NJ, de Belder MA. One year results of the Middlesbrough early revascularisation to limit infarction (MERLIN) trial. Heart 2005; 91:1330-7. [PMID: 16162629 PMCID: PMC1769146 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2004.047753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report one year results of the MERLIN (Middlesbrough early revascularisation to limit infarction) trial, a prospective randomised trial comparing the strategy of coronary angiography and urgent revascularisation with conservative treatment in patients with failed fibrinolysis complicating ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The 30 day results have recently been published. At the planning stage of the trial, it was determined that follow up of trial patients would continue annually to three years to determine whether late benefit occurred. SUBJECTS 307 patients who received a fibrinolytic for STEMI but failed to reperfuse early according to previously described ECG criteria and did not develop cardiogenic shock. METHODS Patients were randomly assigned to receive either emergency coronary angiography with a view to proceeding to urgent revascularisation (rescue percutaneous coronary intervention (rPCI) arm) or continued medical treatment (conservative arm). The primary end point was all cause mortality at 30 days. The secondary end points included the composite end point of death, reinfarction, stroke, unplanned revascularisation, or heart failure at 30 days. The same end points were evaluated at one year and these results are presented. RESULTS All cause mortality at one year was similar in the conservative arm and the rPCI arm (13.0% v 14.4%, p = 0.7, risk difference (RD) -1.4%, 95% confidence interval (CI) -9.3 to 6.4). The incidence of the composite secondary end point of death, reinfarction, stroke, unplanned revascularisation, or heart failure was significantly higher in the conservative arm (57.8% v 43.1%, p = 0.01, RD 14.7%, 95% CI 3.5% to 25.5%). This was driven almost exclusively by a significantly higher incidence of subsequent unplanned revascularisation in the conservative arm (29.9% v 12.4%, p < 0.001, RD 17.5%, 95% CI 8.5% to 26.4%). Reinfarction and clinical heart failure were numerically, but not statistically, more common in the conservative arm (14.3% v 10.5%, p = 0.3, RD 3.8%, 95% CI -3.7 to 11.4, and 31.2% v 26.1%, p = 0.3, RD 5.0%, 95% CI -5.1 to 15.1). There was a strong trend towards fewer strokes in the conservative arm (1.3% v 5.2%, p = 0.06, RD -3.9%, 95% CI -8.9 to 0.06). CONCLUSION At one year of follow up, there was no survival advantage in the rPCI arm compared with the conservative arm. The incidence of the composite secondary end point was significantly lower in the rPCI arm, but this was driven almost entirely by a highly significant reduction in the incidence of further revascularisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G C Sutton
- The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK.
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Jha S, Hall JA, Cherian G, Henry LR, Schlipf JW. Optimization of assay conditions for leukotriene B4 synthesis by neutrophils or platelets isolated from peripheral blood of monogastric animals. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2005; 72:423-30. [PMID: 15919611 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2005.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2004] [Revised: 12/15/2004] [Accepted: 03/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are involved in inflammation through leukotriene (LT) production. The predominant proinflammatory leukotriene released from neutrophils is LTB4, which serves as a biological marker of inflammation. The purpose of this study was to optimize the conditions ex vivo for LTB4 production by neutrophils from horses and dogs, and platelets from chickens. Optimal production of LTB4 was characterized by incubation time (2.5, 5, 10, 15 or 20 min), temperature (25 or 37 degrees C), and calcium ionophore A23187 concentration (0.1, 1, 10 or 20 microM). Incubation longer than 2.5 min did not increase production of LTB4 in chickens or horses; in dogs, incubation for 2.5 and 10 min resulted in the highest concentrations of LTB4 (P<or=0.05). In all species, incubation at 37 degrees C resulted in optimal LTB4 production (P<or=0.05). Production of LTB4 was highest when neutrophils or platelets were stimulated with 20 microM calcium ionophore in all species (P<or=0.05). These results indicate that neutrophils isolated from horses and dogs, and platelets isolated from chickens, are capable of producing LTB4. Optimum conditions for LTB4 production are similar in all three species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jha
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4802, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine predictors of outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction. METHODS Retrospective analysis of a cohort of 113 patients undergoing emergency coronary angiography and attempted PCI for cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction in a regional cardiothoracic unit. RESULTS In-hospital mortality was 51% (58 patients). Adverse outcome was associated with previous myocardial infarction, age over 70 years, cardiogenic shock complicating failure to respond to thrombolytic treatment (failed thrombolysis), and multivessel coronary artery disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the first three factors were independent predictors of in-hospital death with odds ratios of 5.21 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.85 to 14.69), 4.02 (95% CI 1.14 to 14.12), and 3.78 (95% CI 1.43 to 9.96), respectively. CONCLUSION About 50% of patients with cardiogenic shock undergoing a strategy of urgent coronary angiography and PCI survive to hospital discharge. Survivors do well in the subsequent six months. Emergency PCI for cardiogenic shock reduces mortality from an expected 80% to about 50%. Clinical features can help determine which patients are most likely to gain from urgent coronary angiography and attempted PCI. Alternative strategies are needed to improve the outcome of patients who fare badly.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G C Sutton
- Cardiothoracic Division, The James Cook University Hospital, Marton Road, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK.
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