1
|
Stoppe C, Dresen E, de Man A. Micronutrients as therapy in critical illness. Curr Opin Crit Care 2024; 30:178-185. [PMID: 38441190 DOI: 10.1097/mcc.0000000000001133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent large-scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs) challenged current beliefs about the potential role of micronutrients to attenuate the inflammatory response and improve clinical outcomes of critically ill patients. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide an overview and critical discussion about most recent clinical trials, which evaluated the clinical significance of a vitamin C, vitamin D, or selenium administration in critically ill patients. RECENT FINDINGS None of the most recent large-scale RCTs could demonstrate any clinical benefits for a micronutrient administration in ICU patients, whereas a recent RCT indicated harmful effects, if high dose vitamin C was administered in septic patients. Following meta-analyses could not confirm harmful effects for high dose vitamin C in general critically ill patients and indicated benefits in the subgroup of general ICU patients with higher mortality risk. For vitamin D, the most recent large-scale RCT could not demonstrate clinical benefits for critically ill patients, whereas another large-scale RCT is still ongoing. The aggregated and meta-analyzed evidence highlighted a potential role for intravenous vitamin D administration, which encourages further research. In high-risk cardiac surgery patients, a perioperative application of high-dose selenium was unable to improve patients' outcome. The observed increase of selenium levels in the patients' blood did not translate into an increase of antioxidative or anti-inflammatory enzymes, which illuminates the urgent need for more research to identify potential confounding factors. SUMMARY Current data received from most recent large-scale RCTs could not demonstrate clinically meaningful effects of an intervention with either vitamin C, vitamin D, or selenium in critically ill patients. More attention is needed to carefully identify potential confounding factors and to better evaluate the role of timing, duration, and combined strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Stoppe
- University Hospital Wuerzburg, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiac Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, German Heart Center Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ellen Dresen
- University Hospital Wuerzburg, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Angelique de Man
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
England E, Cheng C. Nutrition: Micronutrients. FP Essent 2024; 539:13-17. [PMID: 38648170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Micronutrients are nutrients the body needs in small quantities, such as vitamins and minerals. Micronutrient deficiencies can occur when an individual is restricting calorie intake for weight loss or management, not consuming an adequate amount of food to meet energy requirements due to poor appetite or illness, eliminating one or more food groups from the diet on a regular basis, or consuming a diet low in micronutrient-rich foods despite adequate or excessive energy intake. Patient groups at risk include older adults, pregnant patients, patients with alcohol use disorder, patients with vegetarian or vegan diets, and patients with increased requirements secondary to medical conditions or long-term drug use that alters nutrient absorption, metabolism, or excretion. The micronutrients that most commonly require supplementation are vitamin D, iron, vitamin A, zinc, folate, and iodine. Results of large-scale randomized trials have shown no overall benefit of multivitamins for the majority of patients. However, a daily multivitamin may be beneficial, particularly for patients who do not consistently consume a well-balanced diet. Although dietary supplements can be helpful in correcting deficiencies, higher than recommended doses can cause adverse effects. Patients should be advised to take recommended dosages of supplements and consult their physician if they notice any adverse effects. Physicians should advise patients to consult drug labels and/or pharmacists about potential supplement interactions with drugs or other supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin England
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases - Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia
| | - Cynthia Cheng
- Department of Family and Community Medicine - Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chinese Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (CSPEN). [Guidelines for clinical application of micronutrients in Chinese adult patients (2024 edition)]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2024; 104:799-821. [PMID: 38462358 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20230906-00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Micronutrients, including trace elements and vitamins, are essential nutrients in human metabolism. The majority of patients who need nutritional therapy have different levels of micronutrient deficiency for various reasons, which can lead to disease progression and affect clinical outcomes. In order to further standardize the application of micronutrients in medical nutrition therapy, nearly 100 experts in related fields were organized by the Chinese Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (CSPEN) to elaborate on the role and dosage of micronutrients based on the existing evidence-based medical evidence in common clinical conditions such as severe illness, surgery, burns, inflammatory bowel disease, short bowel disease, malignant tumors, chronic liver and kidney disease, elderly comorbidity, weight loss and chronic infection. Finally, 13 questions and 30 recommendations were put forward to provide reference for clinical standard application of parenteral and enteral nutrition in adult patients.
Collapse
|
4
|
Guarnieri L, Bosco F, Leo A, Citraro R, Palma E, De Sarro G, Mollace V. Impact of micronutrients and nutraceuticals on cognitive function and performance in Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102210. [PMID: 38296163 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major global health problem today and is the most common form of dementia. AD is characterized by the formation of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary clusters, leading to decreased brain acetylcholine levels in the brain. Another mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of AD is the abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein that accumulates at the level of neurofibrillary aggregates, and the areas most affected by this pathological process are usually the cholinergic neurons in cortical, subcortical, and hippocampal areas. These effects result in decreased cognitive function, brain atrophy, and neuronal death. Malnutrition and weight loss are the most frequent manifestations of AD, and these are also associated with greater cognitive decline. Several studies have confirmed that a balanced low-calorie diet and proper nutritional intake may be considered important factors in counteracting or slowing the progression of AD, whereas a high-fat or hypercholesterolemic diet predisposes to an increased risk of developing AD. Especially, fruits, vegetables, antioxidants, vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and micronutrients supplementation exert positive effects on aging-related changes in the brain due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and radical scavenging properties. The purpose of this review is to summarize some possible nutritional factors that may contribute to the progression or prevention of AD, understand the role that nutrition plays in the formation of Aβ plaques typical of this neurodegenerative disease, to identify some potential therapeutic strategies that may involve some natural compounds, in delaying the progression of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Guarnieri
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Antonio Leo
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; Research Center FAS@UMG, Department of Health Science, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rita Citraro
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; Research Center FAS@UMG, Department of Health Science, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; Research Center FAS@UMG, Department of Health Science, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Roth-Walter F, Berni Canani R, O'Mahony L, Peroni D, Sokolowska M, Vassilopoulou E, Venter C. Nutrition in chronic inflammatory conditions: Bypassing the mucosal block for micronutrients. Allergy 2024; 79:353-383. [PMID: 38084827 DOI: 10.1111/all.15972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Nutritional Immunity is one of the most ancient innate immune responses, during which the body can restrict nutrients availability to pathogens and restricts their uptake by the gut mucosa (mucosal block). Though this can be a beneficial strategy during infection, it also is associated with non-communicable diseases-where the pathogen is missing; leading to increased morbidity and mortality as micronutritional uptake and distribution in the body is hindered. Here, we discuss the acute immune response in respect to nutrients, the opposing nutritional demands of regulatory and inflammatory cells and particularly focus on some nutrients linked with inflammation such as iron, vitamins A, Bs, C, and other antioxidants. We propose that while the absorption of certain micronutrients is hindered during inflammation, the dietary lymph path remains available. As such, several clinical trials investigated the role of the lymphatic system during protein absorption, following a ketogenic diet and an increased intake of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, in reducing inflammation and ameliorating disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Roth-Walter
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Science and ImmunoNutritionLab at CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Department of Medicine, School of Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Diego Peroni
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Emilia Vassilopoulou
- Pediatric Area, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Carina Venter
- Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Santangeli E, Abbati C, Chen R, Di Carlo A, Leoni S, Piscaglia F, Ferri S. Pathophysiological-Based Nutritional Interventions in Cirrhotic Patients with Sarcopenic Obesity: A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:427. [PMID: 38337711 PMCID: PMC10857546 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, following the spread of obesity, metabolic dysfunction has come to represent the leading cause of liver disease. The classical clinical presentation of the cirrhotic patient has, therefore, greatly changed, with a dramatic increase in subjects who appear overweight or obese. Due to an obesogenic lifestyle (lack of physical activity and overall malnutrition, with an excess of caloric intake together with a deficit of proteins and micronutrients), these patients frequently develop a complex clinical condition defined as sarcopenic obesity (SO). The interplay between cirrhosis and SO lies in the sharing of multiple pathogenetic mechanisms, including malnutrition/malabsorption, chronic inflammation, hyperammonemia and insulin resistance. The presence of SO worsens the outcome of cirrhotic patients, affecting overall morbidity and mortality. International nutrition and liver diseases societies strongly agree on recommending the use of food as an integral part of the healing process in the comprehensive management of these patients, including a reduction in caloric intake, protein and micronutrient supplementation and sodium restriction. Based on the pathophysiological paths shared by cirrhosis and SO, this narrative review aims to highlight the nutritional interventions currently advocated by international guidelines, as well as to provide hints on the possible role of micronutrients and nutraceuticals in the treatment of this multifaceted clinical condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernestina Santangeli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Chiara Abbati
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Rusi Chen
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Alma Di Carlo
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergologic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Simona Leoni
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergologic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Fabio Piscaglia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (F.P.)
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergologic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Silvia Ferri
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergologic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.C.); (S.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
SeyedAlinaghi S, Shahidi R, Mojdeganlou H, Akhtaran FK, Maroufi SF, Maroufi SP, Mirzapour P, Karimi A, Khodaei S, Pour MM, Mehraeen E, Dadras O. The effect of macronutrient and micronutrient supplements on COVID-19: an umbrella review. J Health Popul Nutr 2024; 43:16. [PMID: 38287379 PMCID: PMC10826055 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A healthy diet play an important role in the prevention and even treatment of various diseases. Proper nutrition plays an important role in boosting of immune system. These include the consumption of macronutrients such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and also micronutrients including vitamins. Here, we aimed to systematically review the effects of macronutrients and micronutrients on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. METHODS We searched the databases of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science on December 23, 2023. The records were downloaded into an EndNote file, the duplicates were removed, and the studies underwent a two-phase screening process based on their title/abstracts and full texts. The included articles were screened and underwent inclusion and exclusion criteria. We included the English systematic reviews and meta-analyses that concurred with the aim of our study. The selected articles were assessed by Cochrane's Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews for the quality check. The data of the eligible studies were extracted in a pre-designed word table and were used for the qualitative synthesis. RESULTS A total of 28 reviews were included in this study. Most studies have shown that micronutrients are effective in morbidity and mortality controlling in viral respiratory infections such as COVID-19 but some studies have shown that micronutrients are sometimes not effective in controlling severity. On the other hand, calcifediol was by far the most successful agent in reducing intensive care needs and mortality between studies. CONCLUSION Individuals without malnutrition had a reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe disease. The administration of Vitamin D is effective in reducing the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 patients. Patients with vitamin D deficiency were more prone to experience severe infection, and they were at higher risk of morbidities and mortality. Other micronutrients such as Vitamin A, Vitamin B, and Zinc also showed some benefits in patients with COVID-19. Vitamin C showed no efficacy in COVID-19 management even in intravenous form or in high doses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Shahidi
- School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Hengameh Mojdeganlou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fatemeh Khajeh Akhtaran
- Social and Economic Statistics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Pegah Mirzapour
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirali Karimi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Khodaei
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Mohsseni Pour
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mehraeen
- Department of Health Information Technology, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, 5681761351, Iran.
| | - Omid Dadras
- Bergen Addiction Research, Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chatzidaki V, Wood R, Alegakis A, Lawson M, Fagbemi A. Parenteral support and micronutrient deficiencies in children with short bowel syndrome: A comprehensive retrospective study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 58:270-276. [PMID: 38057017 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is the leading cause of chronic intestinal failure. The duration of parenteral support (PS) and the long-term micronutrient needs in children with SBS vary, based on their clinical and anatomical characteristics. Our study aimed to review the clinical course and identify high risk patient groups for prolonged PS and long-term micronutrient supplementation. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted on electronic medical records of children with SBS and chronic intestinal failure who were enrolled in the multidisciplinary intestinal rehabilitation program at Manchester Children's Hospital, UK. Children were included in the review if they required PN for more than 60 days out of 74 consecutive days and had at least 3 years of follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0. RESULTS 40 children with SBS achieved enteral autonomy (EA) and 14 remained dependent on PS after 36 months of follow up. Necrotizing enterocolitis was the most common cause for intestinal resection (38.9%) followed by gastroschisis (22.2%), malrotation with volvulus (20.4%), segmental volvulus (9.3%) and long segment Hirschsprung disease (1.9%). Those who achieved EA had significantly longer intestinal length 27.5% (15.0-39.3) than those who remained on PS 6.0% (1.5-12.5) (p < 0.001). Type I SBS was only found in the PS cohort. Median PN dependence was 10.82 months [IQR 5.73-20.78]. Congenital diagnosis was associated with longer PN dependence (21.0 ± 20.0) than acquired (8.7 ± 7.8 months), (p = 0.02). The need for micronutrient supplementation was assessed after the transition to EA; 87.5% children had at least one micronutrient depletion, most commonly Vitamin D (64.1%), followed by iron (48.7%), Vitamin B12 (34.2%), and vitamin E (28.6%). Iron deficiency and vitamin A depletion were correlated with longer PS after multivariate analysis (OR: 1.103, 1.006-1.210, p = 0.037 and OR: 1.048, 0.998-1.102, p = 0.062 respectively). CONCLUSION In our cohort, small bowel length was the main predictor for EA. Children on longer PS, had more often a congenital cause of resection and were at risk for micronutrient deficiencies in EA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Chatzidaki
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
| | - R Wood
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - A Alegakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, University of Crete, Greece
| | - M Lawson
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - A Fagbemi
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tummolo A, Carella R, De Giovanni D, Paterno G, Simonetti S, Tolomeo M, Leone P, Barile M. Micronutrient Deficiency in Inherited Metabolic Disorders Requiring Diet Regimen: A Brief Critical Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17024. [PMID: 38069347 PMCID: PMC10707160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Many inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs), including disorders of amino acid, fatty acid, and carbohydrate metabolism, are treated with a dietary reduction or exclusion of certain macronutrients, putting one at risk of a reduced intake of micronutrients. In this review, we aim to provide available evidence on the most common micronutrient deficits related to specific dietary approaches and on the management of their deficiency, in the meanwhile discussing the main critical points of each nutritional supplementation. The emerging concepts are that a great heterogeneity in clinical practice exists, as well as no univocal evidence on the most common micronutrient abnormalities. In phenylketonuria, for example, micronutrients are recommended to be supplemented through protein substitutes; however, not all formulas are equally supplemented and some of them are not added with micronutrients. Data on pyridoxine and riboflavin status in these patients are particularly scarce. In long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders, no specific recommendations on micronutrient supplementation are available. Regarding carbohydrate metabolism disorders, the difficult-to-ascertain sugar content in supplementation formulas is still a matter of concern. A ketogenic diet may predispose one to both oligoelement deficits and their overload, and therefore deserves specific formulations. In conclusion, our overview points out the lack of unanimous approaches to micronutrient deficiencies, the need for specific formulations for IMDs, and the necessity of high-quality studies, particularly for some under-investigated deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albina Tummolo
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Genetics and Diabetology, Giovanni XXIII Children Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale, 70126 Bari, Italy; (R.C.); (D.D.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Rosa Carella
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Genetics and Diabetology, Giovanni XXIII Children Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale, 70126 Bari, Italy; (R.C.); (D.D.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Donatella De Giovanni
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Genetics and Diabetology, Giovanni XXIII Children Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale, 70126 Bari, Italy; (R.C.); (D.D.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Giulia Paterno
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Genetics and Diabetology, Giovanni XXIII Children Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale, 70126 Bari, Italy; (R.C.); (D.D.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Simonetta Simonetti
- Regional Centre for Neonatal Screening, Department of Clinical Pathology and Neonatal Screening, Children’s Hospital “Giovanni XXIII”, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Maria Tolomeo
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari “A. Moro”, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.T.); (P.L.)
- Department of DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, via P. Bucci 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Piero Leone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari “A. Moro”, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.T.); (P.L.)
| | - Maria Barile
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari “A. Moro”, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.T.); (P.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Improved survival from critical illness has enhanced the focus on ways to augment functional outcomes following discharge from the Intensive Care Unit. An area that is gaining increased attention is the effect of critical illness on bone health and fragility fractures following the episode. This review discusses the micronutrients that may play a role in bone metabolism and the potential benefits of their supplementation to prevent osteoporosis. These include calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin K, and certain trace elements. FINDINGS Although there is sound physiological basis for the involvement of these micronutrients in bone health and fracture prevention, there are few clinically relevant publications in this area with calcium and vitamin D being the best studied to date. SUMMARY In the absence of high-quality evidence in critically ill populations, attention to measurement and supplementation of these micronutrients as per current guidelines outlining micronutrient requirements in enteral and parenteral nutrition might mitigate bone loss and its sequelae in the recovery phase from critical illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Nair
- Intensive Care Unit, St. Vincents Hospital
- University of New South Wales
- Critical Care and Trauma Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Neil Orford
- Intensive Care Unit, Geelong University Hospital
- Deakin University
- ANZICS Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katharina Kerschan-Schindl
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
de Romaña DL, Mildon A, Golan J, Jefferds MED, Rogers LM, Arabi M. Review of intervention products for use in the prevention and control of anemia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1529:42-60. [PMID: 37688369 PMCID: PMC10876383 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Anemia remains a major public health problem, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The World Health Organization recommends several interventions to prevent and manage anemia in vulnerable population groups, including young children, menstruating adolescent girls and women, and pregnant and postpartum women. Daily iron supplementation reduces the risk of anemia in infants, children, and pregnant women, and intermittent iron supplementation reduces anemia risk in menstruating girls and women. Micronutrient powders reduce the risk of anemia in children. Fortifying wheat flour with iron reduces the risk of anemia in the overall population, whereas the effect of fortifying maize flour and rice is still uncertain. Regarding non-nutrition-related interventions, malaria treatment and deworming have been reported to decrease anemia prevalence. Promising interventions to prevent anemia include vitamin A supplementation, multiple micronutrient supplementation for pregnant women, small-quantity lipid-based supplements, and fortification of salt with iodine and iron. Future research could address the efficacy and safety of different iron supplementation formulations, identify the most bioavailable form of iron for fortification, examine adherence to supplementation regimens and fortification standards, and investigate the effectiveness of integrating micronutrient, helminth, and malaria control programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alison Mildon
- Global Technical Services, Nutrition International, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jenna Golan
- Global Technical Services, Nutrition International, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lisa M. Rogers
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mandana Arabi
- Global Technical Services, Nutrition International, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Johnstone JM, Arnold LE, Villagomez A, Robinette LM, Gracious BL, Ast HK, Bruton AM, Hatsu IE. Dr. Johnstone et al. Reply to Dr. Elmrayed. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 62:1171-1175. [PMID: 37543077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.07.994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
We thank Dr. Elmrayed and colleagues1 for highlighting clinical cautions in using broad-spectrum micronutrients to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, in particular manganese (Mn) levels. We appreciate the opportunity to provide additional information and rationale for the vitamin and mineral doses contained in the studied formula.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette M Johnstone
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; National University of Natural Medicine, Helfgott Research Institute, Portland, Oregon.
| | | | | | | | - Barbara L Gracious
- HCA Florida Orange Park Hospital, Orange Park, Florida; Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Spartanburg, South Carolina
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Blampied M, Tylianakis JM, Bell C, Gilbert C, Rucklidge JJ. Efficacy and safety of a vitamin-mineral intervention for symptoms of anxiety and depression in adults: A randomised placebo-controlled trial "NoMAD". J Affect Disord 2023; 339:954-964. [PMID: 37268087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression are increasingly burdening society. We investigated whether micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), improve anxiety and depression symptoms in an adult community setting. METHODS Participants (n = 150) describing functionally-impairing symptoms of anxiety/depression randomly received micronutrients or placebo for 10 weeks. Primary outcome measures were Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7), and Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale (CGII). They were monitored online with regular phone contact with a clinical psychologist. RESULTS Linear mixed-effects modelling showed significant improvements in both groups, with the micronutrient group improving significantly more quickly on both the PHQ-9 (t = -2.17, p = 0.03) and the GAD-7 (t = -2.23, p = 0.03). Subsequent models with covariates showed that participant characteristics moderated time-by-group interactions; micronutrients provided fastest improvement relative to placebo for younger participants, those from lower socioeconomic groups and those who had previously tried psychiatric medication. On the CGII, there were no group differences at end-point ((F1,148) = 1.36, p = 0.25, d = 0.19, 95 % CI [-0.13 to 0.51]), with 49 % of the micronutrient and 44 % of the placebo groups being identified responders. Participants on micronutrients had significantly increased bowel motions compared with placebo. There was no increased suicidal ideation, no serious adverse events and the blind was adequately maintained. Drop out was low at 8.7 %. LIMITATIONS The improvement under placebo and lack of formal diagnoses limit generalizability. CONCLUSIONS Despite limited clinician contact, all participants improved significantly, though improvements were faster with micronutrients. Participants in some subgroups demonstrated a lower response to placebo, identifying where micronutrients may offer greatest potential as an intervention.
Collapse
|
14
|
Mader IM. Recovery from (treatment-resistant) depression after lifestyle changes and micronutrient precision supplementation: a preliminary field study in patients. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:229. [PMID: 37568156 PMCID: PMC10422823 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The incidence of depression is increasing, despite continued advances in psychological and pharmacological interventions. New treatment approaches are urgently needed. Here we assess the effects on depression of individualized micronutrient supplementation, in concert with a standard set of lifestyle changes. METHODS We conducted a small field-study with 17 participants in Austria. Patients with depression (n = 11) and healthy volunteers (n = 6) underwent laboratory serum analysis and filled out the DASS-21 and a questionnaire about their medical history and condition. The list of parameters to be tested in the serum analysis was derived from an expert heuristic compilation of factors known to influence depression, narrowed down to a workable list to be tested in this initial study. On the basis of the results, the participants (n = 17) received individualized recommendations for micronutrient supplementation, in collaboration with their treating physician. Participants followed the individual supplementation regime for two months, along with a standard set of lifestyle changes. After two months the laboratory serum analyses, the DASS-21, and the questionnaire were repeated. RESULTS All patients with micronutrient deficiencies were in the patient group; none of the healthy volunteers showed any micronutrient deficiencies. After two months of precision supplementation and lifestyle changes, all but one patient had recovered from their depression or had considerably improved. The one patient who didn't recover was the only one with a known trigger of their depression (trauma). Of 11 patients with depression, the trigger was unknown for the other ten. CONCLUSIONS These results have promising implications for further research, treatment, drug development, and public health. We propose that systematic screening of patients with symptoms of depression be developed for future research, medical care, and practice. Psychiatry and psychotherapy may see improved results once they no longer have to push against the underlying constraints of existing micronutrient deficiencies.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu Y, Liu C, Dong W. Adjunctive therapeutic effects of micronutrient supplementation in inflammatory bowel disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1143123. [PMID: 37077923 PMCID: PMC10106602 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1143123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that micronutrient status may have some impact on the course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, micronutrient deficiencies are easily overlooked during the treatment of IBD patients. There have been many studies on micronutrient supplementation, in which several clinical trials have been conducted targeting vitamin D and iron, but the current research is still preliminary for other vitamins and minerals. This review provides an overview of the adjunctive therapeutic effects of micronutrient supplementation in IBD, to summarize the available evidence, draw the attention of clinicians to micronutrient monitoring and supplementation in patients with IBD, and also provide some perspectives for future research directions.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kumar VU, Kt MF, Sharma A, Bisht P, Dhingra S, Ravichandiran V, Ramesh M, Murti K. The Possible Role of Selected Vitamins and Minerals in the Therapeutic Outcomes of Leishmaniasis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1672-1688. [PMID: 35779182 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03311-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease declared as an endemic in areas suffering from severe malnutrition and poverty. The factors associated with poverty like low income, ecological factors, and malnutrition cause disruption in immunity and host defense increasing risk of infection. Altered resistance to infection and host susceptibility are associated with low micronutrient levels in undernourished patients. Malnutrition has been recognized as a poor predictive marker for leishmaniasis, in particular the deficiency of trace elements like zinc, iron, and vitamin A, B, C, D which has a prominent function in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity, cell proliferation, human physiology, etc. Malnourishment can exacerbate host sensitivity and pathophysiologic intensity to infection in variety of ways, whereas infection can enhance underlying poor nutrition or enhance host vulnerability and sandfly's urge to attack specific hosts. The intensity of leishmaniasis can be influenced by body mass and micronutrient availability in the blood. Vitamin D, C, zinc, and iron are proved effective in inhibiting the growth of leishmaniasis in both amastigote or promastigote forms, either directly or by acting as precursor for a pathway which inhibits the parasite growth. This article elucidates a new perception to the crucial role of micronutrients and their probable role in the therapeutic outcomes of leishmaniasis. Since there is requirement of novel drugs to fight drug resistance and relapse of leishmaniasis, this article may pave way to understand the importance of micronutrients and their role in therapeutic outcomes of leishmaniasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Udaya Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Muhammed Favas Kt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ayush Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Priya Bisht
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Sameer Dhingra
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - V Ravichandiran
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Kolkata, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - M Ramesh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy Mysuru, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India
| | - Krishna Murti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hajipur, Bihar, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Renata RBN, Arely GRA, Gabriela LMA, Esther MLM. Immunomodulatory Role of Microelements in COVID-19 Outcome: a Relationship with Nutritional Status. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1596-1614. [PMID: 35668151 PMCID: PMC9170122 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03290-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 infection can activate innate and adaptive immune responses and result in massive inflammatory responses in the disease. A comprehensive understanding of the participation of micronutrients in the immune response to COVID-19 will allow the creation of prevention and supplementation scenarios in malnutrition states. Microelement deficiency can be decisive in the progression of diseases and their optimal levels can act as protective factors, helping to maintain homeostasis. Vitamin A, B, D, selenium, zinc, and copper, through their complementary and synergistic effects, allow the components of innate and adaptive immunity to counteract infections like those occurring in the respiratory tract.Thus, alterations in nutritional status are related to metabolic diseases, systemic inflammation, and deterioration of the immune system that alter the response against viral infections, such as COVID-19. The aim of this review is to describe the micronutrients that play an important role as immunomodulators and its relationship between malnutrition and the development of respiratory infections with an emphasis on severe and critical COVID-19. We conclude that although an unbalanced diet is not the only risk factor that predisposes to COVID-19, a correct and balanced diet, which provides the optimal amount of micronutrients and favors an adequate nutritional status, could confer beneficial effects for prevention and improvement of clinical results. The potential usefulness of micronutrient supplementation in special cases is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roldán-Bretón Nuria Renata
- Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Dr. Humberto Torres Sanginés S/N, Centro Cívico, 21000, Mexicali, Baja California, México
| | - González-Rascón Anna Arely
- Facultad de Odontología Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, México
| | - Leija-Montoya Ana Gabriela
- Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Dr. Humberto Torres Sanginés S/N, Centro Cívico, 21000, Mexicali, Baja California, México
| | - Mejía-León María Esther
- Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Dr. Humberto Torres Sanginés S/N, Centro Cívico, 21000, Mexicali, Baja California, México.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abozaid OAR, Sallam MW, El-Sonbaty S, Aziza S, Emad B, Ahmed ESA. Resveratrol-Selenium Nanoparticles Alleviate Neuroinflammation and Neurotoxicity in a Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease by Regulating Sirt1/miRNA-134/GSK3β Expression. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:5104-5114. [PMID: 35059981 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a brain disorder associated with a gradual weakening in neurocognitive functions, neuroinflammation, and impaired signaling pathways. Resveratrol (RSV) has neuroprotective properties, but with low bioavailability, and low solubility in vivo. Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for brain function. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the role of formulated RSV-Se nanoparticles (RSV-SeNPs) on neurochemical and histopathological approaches associated with the AD model in rats induced by Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 60 days. RSV-SeNPs supplementation attenuates the impaired oxidative markers and mitochondrial dysfunction. The ameliorative effect of RSV-SeNPs on cholinergic deficits was associated with clearance of amyloid β (Aβ). Furthermore, activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) deactivates glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β)-mediated tau hyperphosphorylation. Additionally, RSV-SeNPs downregulate signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) expression as well as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels, therefore alleviating neuroinflammation in AD. Moreover, RSV-SeNPs upregulate the expression of Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and lower that of microRNA-134, consequently increasing neurite outgrowth. Eventually, the obtained results showed that nano-formulation of resveratrol with selenium maximized the therapeutic potential of RSV against Alzheimer's disease not only by their antioxidant but also by anti-inflammatory effect improving the neurocognitive function and modulating the signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omayma A R Abozaid
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Mohsen W Sallam
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Sawsan El-Sonbaty
- National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samy Aziza
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Basma Emad
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Esraa S A Ahmed
- Radiation Biology, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, 11787, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Vrech M, Ferruzzi A, Pietrobelli A. Effects of micronutrient and phytochemical supplementation on cardiovascular health in obese and overweight children: a narrative review. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2022; 25:430-435. [PMID: 36082931 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiovascular damage could begin early in life. Our aim was to examine the current state of the art related to micronutrient supplementation on vascular health in obese and overweight children. We considered only the studies performed over the past few years. RECENT FINDINGS Vitamin D supplementation in the obese pediatric population with vitamin D deficiency could improve the vascular health of these subjects. The evidence is less clear on supplementation with other micronutrients. Zinc supplementation is currently the most supported by the literature. SUMMARY As of today, we can only speculate that supplementation with other micronutrients could improve the vascular health of obese and overweight children. Strong limitations are the different instrumental methods used to assess vascular health in obese children and adolescents under micronutrients supplementation. Actually, indirect indicators more reliable to evaluate vascular health seem to be lipid profile and insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, there is a particular lack of studies in this area in recent years, especially in the pediatric population. Additional studies performed in this population should be pursued to clarify significant relationships between micronutrients and vascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Vrech
- Department of Surgical Science, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Pediatric Unit, Verona University Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ferruzzi
- Department of Surgical Science, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Pediatric Unit, Verona University Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | - Angelo Pietrobelli
- Department of Surgical Science, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Pediatric Unit, Verona University Medical School, Verona, Italy
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, LSU System, Baton Rouge, Los Angeles, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Montégut L, de Cabo R, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G. Science-Driven Nutritional Interventions for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:2258-2279. [PMID: 35997502 PMCID: PMC10749912 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In population studies, dietary patterns clearly influence the development, progression, and therapeutic response of cancers. Nonetheless, interventional dietary trials have had relatively little impact on the prevention and treatment of malignant disease. Standardization of nutritional interventions combined with high-level mode-of-action studies holds the promise of identifying specific entities and pathways endowed with antineoplastic properties. Here, we critically review the effects of caloric restriction and more specific interventions on macro- and micronutrients in preclinical models as well as in clinical studies. We place special emphasis on the prospect of using defined nutrition-relevant molecules to enhance the efficacy of established anticancer treatments. SIGNIFICANCE The avoidance of intrinsically hypercaloric and toxic diets contributes to the prevention and cure of cancer. In addition, specific diet-induced molecules such as ketone bodies and micronutrients, including specific vitamins, have drug-like effects that are clearly demonstrable in preclinical models, mostly in the context of immunotherapies. Multiple trials are underway to determine the clinical utility of such molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Léa Montégut
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Institut Universitaire de France, Inserm U1138, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, ClinicObiome, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U1015, Paris, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) BIOTHERIS, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Institut Universitaire de France, Inserm U1138, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Behl T, Gupta A, Albratty M, Najmi A, Meraya AM, Alhazmi HA, Anwer MK, Bhatia S, Bungau SG. Alkaloidal Phytoconstituents for Diabetes Management: Exploring the Unrevealed Potential. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185851. [PMID: 36144587 PMCID: PMC9501853 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The main characteristic feature of diabetes mellitus is the disturbance of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism, which results in insulin insufficiency and can also lead to insulin resistance. Both the acute and chronic diabetic cases are increasing at an exponential rate, which is also flagged by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Treatment of diabetes mellitus with synthetic drugs often fails to provide desired results and limits its use to symptomatic treatment only. This has resulted in the exploration of alternative medicine, of which herbal treatment is gaining popularity these days. Owing to their safety benefits, treatment compliance, and ability to exhibit effects without disturbing internal homeostasis, research in the field of herbal and ayurvedic treatments has gained importance. Medicinal phytoconstituents include micronutrients, amino acids, proteins, mucilage, critical oils, triterpenoids, saponins, carotenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, and coumarins, which play a dynamic function in the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus. Alkaloids found in medicinal plants represent an intriguing potential for the inception of novel approaches to diabetes mellitus therapies. Thus, this review article highlights detailed information on alkaloidal phytoconstituents, which includes sources and structures of alkaloids along with the associated mechanism involved in the management of diabetes mellitus. From the available literature and data presented, it can be concluded that these compounds hold tremendous potential for use as monotherapies or in combination with current treatments, which can result in the development of better efficacy and safety profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (S.G.B.)
| | - Amit Gupta
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M. Meraya
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45124, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A. Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Stattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 16278, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (S.G.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fath MK, Naderi M, Hamzavi H, Ganji M, Shabani S, Ghahroodi FN, Khalesi B, Pourzardosht N, Hashemi ZS, Khalili S. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic effects of different vitamins and minerals in COVID-19 patients. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 73:127044. [PMID: 35901669 PMCID: PMC9297660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a rapidly spreading disease, which has caught the world by surprise. Millions of people suffer from illness, and the mortality rates are dramatically high. Currently, there is no specific and immediate treatment for this disease. Remedies are limited to supportive regiments and few antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs. The lack of a definite cure for COVID-19 is the reason behind its high mortality and global prevalence. COVID-19 can lead to a critical illness with severe respiratory distress and cytokine release. Increased oxidative stress and excessive production of inflammatory cytokines are vital components of severe COVID-19. Micronutrients, metalloids, and vitamins such as iron, manganese, selenium, Zinc, Copper, vitamin A, B family, and C are among the essential and trace elements that play a pivotal role in human nutrition and health. They participate in metabolic processes that lead to energy production. In addition, they support immune functions and act as antioxidants. Therefore, maintaining an optimal level of micronutrients intake, particularly those with antioxidant activities, is essential to fight against oxidative stress, modulate inflammation, and boost the immune system. Therefore, these factors could play a crucial role in COVID-19 prevention and treatment. In this review, we aimed to summarize antiviral properties of different vitamins and minerals. Moreover, we will investigate the correlation between them and their effects in COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karami Fath
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Naderi
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran; Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hosna Hamzavi
- Department of Biology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ganji
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Shabani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Noorabad Ghahroodi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Khalesi
- Department of Research and Production of Poultry Viral Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Navid Pourzardosht
- Biochemistry Department, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Hashemi
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran. Iran.
| | - Saeed Khalili
- Department of Biology Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Leung BMY, Srikanth P, Gracious B, Hatsu IE, Tost G, Conrad V, Johnstone JM, Arnold LE. Paediatric adverse event rating scale: a measure of safety or efficacy? Novel analysis from the MADDY study. Curr Med Res Opin 2022; 38:1595-1602. [PMID: 35770861 PMCID: PMC10370369 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2022.2096333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Pediatric Adverse Event Rating Scale (PAERS) measured adverse events of children aged 6-12 years with ADHD and emotional dysregulation in the Micronutrients for ADHD in Youth (MADDY) study, an eight week multi-site randomized clinical trial of a broad-spectrum multinutrient treatment. Treatment sensitivity of the PAERS was assessed by calculating the treatment difference in change of the item scores from baseline to end of the RCT. METHODS Principal component analysis retained 14 "adverse events" (out of 43 in the PAERS) that reflected ADHD symptoms and emotional dysregulation and was used to group the variables of interest. A combined score ranging from 0 to 5 was created based on symptom presence, functional impairment, and severity. Mean score change was calculated from baseline to week 8 by treatment (multinutrient vs placebo) with intention-to-treat and per-protocol samples. The study has been registered on clinicaltrials.gov as Micronutrients for ADHD in Youth (MADDY) Study, trial registration # NCT03252522 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03252522). RESULTS The 126 children in the ITT sample had a mean age of 9.8 (SD = 1.7), with majority (73%) male, and 72% diagnosed with ADHD prior to the study screening. Baseline presence of PAERS symptoms was similar between treatment groups: the highest proportion was ADHD symptoms, followed by Irritable symptoms. The micronutrient group showed a greater decrease (improvement) in the mean anxiety combined score than the placebo group with a between-group difference in change of -0.36 (95% CI: -0.67, -0.04; p = .03) with ITT data and -0.48 (95% CI: -0.81, -0.15; p = .005) with per-protocol (n = 93) data. CONCLUSION The multinutrient supplement did not result in more adverse events than placebo, suggesting it is a safe intervention. In addition to assessing actual adverse events, the PAERS may be a useful adjunct outcome measure for ADHD behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda M Y Leung
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Alberta Canada
| | - Priya Srikanth
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Barbara Gracious
- Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- School of Public Health, Orange Park Medical Center, Orange Park, FL, USA
| | - Irene E Hatsu
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gabriella Tost
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Valerie Conrad
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jeanette M Johnstone
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR, USA
| | - L Eugene Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Braha A, Albai A, Timar B, Negru Ș, Sorin S, Roman D, Popovici D. Nutritional Interventions to Improve Cachexia Outcomes in Cancer—A Systematic Review. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58070966. [PMID: 35888685 PMCID: PMC9318456 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The prevalence of cachexia has increased across all of the cancer types and accounts for up to 20% of cancer-related deaths. This paper is a systematic review of nutritional interventions aiming to improve cachexia outcomes in cancer, focusing on weight gain. Materials and Methods: A search in Medline and Elsevier databases for articles up until the 23 January 2022, was conducted. Results: Out of 5732 screened records, 26 publications were included in the final analysis. Four randomized clinical trials showed a significant body weight (BW) increase in patients treated with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), β-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate (β-HMB), arginine, and glutamine or marine phospholipids (MPL). An upward BW trend was observed in patients treated with L-carnitine, an Ethanwell/Ethanzyme (EE) regimen enriched with ω-3 fatty acids, micronutrients, probiotics, fish oil, a leucine-rich supplement, or total parental nutrition (TPN) with a high dose of a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA). Conclusions: Although clinical trials relating to large numbers of nutritional supplements present promising data, many trials provided negative results. Further studies investigating the underlying mechanisms of action of these nutritional supplements in cancer cachexia are needed. Early screening for cancer cachexia risk and nutritional intervention in cancer patients before aggravating weight loss may stabilize their weight, preventing cachexia syndrome. According to the GRADE methodology, no positive recommendation for these nutritional supplements may be expressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adina Braha
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.B.); (B.T.); (D.R.)
| | - Alin Albai
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.B.); (B.T.); (D.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Bogdan Timar
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.B.); (B.T.); (D.R.)
| | - Șerban Negru
- Department of Oncology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (Ș.N.); (S.S.); (D.P.)
| | - Săftescu Sorin
- Department of Oncology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (Ș.N.); (S.S.); (D.P.)
| | - Deiana Roman
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.B.); (B.T.); (D.R.)
| | - Dorel Popovici
- Department of Oncology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (Ș.N.); (S.S.); (D.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sumaily KM. The Roles and Pathogenesis Mechanisms of a Number of Micronutrients in the Prevention and/or Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis, COVID-19 and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2022; 14:2632. [PMID: 35807813 PMCID: PMC9268086 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A trace element is a chemical element with a concentration (or other measures of an amount) that is very low. The essential TEs, such as copper (Cu), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and the electrolyte magnesium (Mg) are among the most commonly studied micronutrients. Each element has been shown to play a distinctive role in human health, and TEs, such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu), are among the essential elements required for the organisms' well-being as they play crucial roles in several metabolic pathways where they act as enzyme co-factors, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents. Epidemics of infectious diseases are becoming more frequent and spread at a faster pace around the world, which has resulted in major impacts on the economy and health systems. Different trace elements have been reported to have substantial roles in the pathogenesis of viral infections. Micronutrients have been proposed in various studies as determinants of liver disorders, COVID-19 and T2DM risks. This review article sheds light on the roles and mechanisms of micronutrients in the pathogenesis and prevention of chronic hepatitis B, C and E, as well as Coronavirus-19 infection and type-2 diabetes mellitus. An update on the status of the aforementioned micronutrients in pre-clinical and clinical settings is also briefly summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M Sumaily
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 145111, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Caniglia EC, Zash R, Swanson SA, Smith E, Sudfeld C, Finkelstein JL, Diseko M, Mayondi G, Mmalane M, Makhema J, Fawzi W, Lockman S, Shapiro RL. Iron, folic acid, and multiple micronutrient supplementation strategies during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes in Botswana. Lancet Glob Health 2022; 10:e850-e861. [PMID: 35561720 PMCID: PMC9309424 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(22)00126-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Methods Findings Interpretation Funding
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C Caniglia
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Rebecca Zash
- Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Emily Smith
- School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Christopher Sudfeld
- Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia L Finkelstein
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Modiegi Diseko
- Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Gloria Mayondi
- Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Mompati Mmalane
- Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Joseph Makhema
- Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Wafaie Fawzi
- Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shahin Lockman
- Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana; Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roger L Shapiro
- Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana; Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
van der Wurff I, Oenema A, de Ruijter D, Vingerhoets C, van Amelsvoort T, Rutten B, Mulkens S, Köhler S, Schols A, de Groot R. A Scoping Literature Review of the Relation between Nutrition and ASD Symptoms in Children. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071389. [PMID: 35406004 PMCID: PMC9003544 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairments in social interaction, communication skills, and repetitive and restrictive behaviors and interests. Even though there is a biological basis for an effect of specific nutrition factors on ASD symptoms and there is scientific literature available on this relationship, whether nutrition factors could play a role in ASD treatment is unclear. The goal of the current literature review was to summarize the available scientific literature on the relation between nutrition and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms in childhood, and to formulate practical dietary guidelines. A comprehensive search strategy including terms for ASD, nutrition factors (therapeutic diets, dietary patterns, specific food products, fatty acids and micronutrients) and childhood was developed and executed in six literature databases (Cinahl, Cochrane, Ovid Embase, PsycInfo, PubMed and Web of Science). Data from meta-analyses, systematic reviews and original studies were qualitatively summarized. A total of 5 meta-analyses, 29 systematic reviews and 27 original studies were retrieved that focused on therapeutic diets, specific food products, fatty acids and micronutrients and ASD symptoms during childhood. Results of the available studies were sparse and inconclusive, and hence, no firm conclusions could be drawn. There is currently insufficient evidence for a relation between nutrition and ASD symptoms in childhood, making it impossible to provide practical nutrition guidelines; more methodological sound research is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inge van der Wurff
- Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, 6419 AT Heerlen, The Netherlands
- Conditions for Lifelong Learning, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, 6419 AT Heerlen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
| | - Anke Oenema
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (A.O.); (D.d.R.)
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Dennis de Ruijter
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (A.O.); (D.d.R.)
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Claudia Vingerhoets
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (C.V.); (T.v.A.); (B.R.); (S.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Thérèse van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (C.V.); (T.v.A.); (B.R.); (S.M.); (S.K.)
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (C.V.); (T.v.A.); (B.R.); (S.M.); (S.K.)
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Mulkens
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (C.V.); (T.v.A.); (B.R.); (S.M.); (S.K.)
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- SeysCentra, 6581 TE Malden, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Köhler
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (C.V.); (T.v.A.); (B.R.); (S.M.); (S.K.)
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemie Schols
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Renate de Groot
- Conditions for Lifelong Learning, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, 6419 AT Heerlen, The Netherlands;
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Scala I, Concolino D, Nastasi A, Esposito G, Crisci D, Sestito S, Ferraro S, Albano L, Ruoppolo M, Parenti G, Strisciuglio P. Beneficial Effects of Slow-Release Large Neutral Amino Acids after a Phenylalanine Oral Load in Patients with Phenylketonuria. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114012. [PMID: 34836270 PMCID: PMC8618154 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mainstay of phenylketonuria treatment is a low protein diet, supplemented with phenylalanine (Phe)-free protein substitutes and micronutrients. Adhering to this diet is challenging, and even patients with good metabolic control who follow the dietary prescriptions in everyday life ignore the recommendations occasionally. The present study explores the ability of slow-release large neutral amino acids (srLNAAs) to prevent Phe increase following a Phe dietary load. Fourteen phenylketonuric patients aged ≥13 years were enrolled in a 6-week protocol. Oral acute Phe loads of 250 and 500 mg were added to the evening meal together with srLNAAs (0.5 gr/kg). Phe and tyrosine were dosed before dinner, 2h-after dinner, and after the overnight fast. After oral Phe loads, mean plasma Phe remained stable and below 600 µmol/L. No Phe peaks were registered. Tyrosine levels significantly increased, and Phe/Tyrosine ratio decreased. No adverse events were registered. In conclusion, a single oral administration of srLNAAs at the dose of 0.5 gr/kg is effective in maintaining stable plasma Phe during acute oral loads with Phe-containing food and may be added to the dietetic scheme in situations in which patients with generally good adherence to diet foresee a higher than prescribed Phe intake due to their commitments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Scala
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Federico II University Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-7463348; +39-081-7463769
| | - Daniela Concolino
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.C.); (S.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Anna Nastasi
- Physiology Nutrition Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giulia Esposito
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.E.); (G.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Daniela Crisci
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.C.); (L.A.); (M.R.)
| | - Simona Sestito
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.C.); (S.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Stefania Ferraro
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.C.); (S.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Lucia Albano
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.C.); (L.A.); (M.R.)
| | - Margherita Ruoppolo
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.C.); (L.A.); (M.R.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Parenti
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.E.); (G.P.); (P.S.)
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Pietro Strisciuglio
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.E.); (G.P.); (P.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pasricha SR, Hasan MI, Braat S, Larson LM, Tipu SMMU, Hossain SJ, Shiraji S, Baldi A, Bhuiyan MSA, Tofail F, Fisher J, Grantham-McGregor S, Simpson JA, Hamadani JD, Biggs BA. Benefits and Risks of Iron Interventions in Infants in Rural Bangladesh. N Engl J Med 2021; 385:982-995. [PMID: 34496174 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2034187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Universal provision of iron supplements (drops or syrup) or multiple micronutrient powders to young children in low-to-middle-income countries where anemia is prevalent is recommended by the World Health Organization and widely implemented. The functional benefits and safety of these interventions are unclear. METHODS We conducted a three-group, double-blind, double-dummy, individually randomized, placebo-controlled trial to assess the immediate and medium-term benefits and risks of 3 months of daily supplementation with iron syrup or iron-containing multiple micronutrient powders, as compared with placebo, in 8-month-old children in rural Bangladesh. The primary outcome was cognitive development, as assessed by the cognitive composite score on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition, immediately after completion of the assigned 3-month regimen; scores range from 55 to 145, with higher scores indicating better cognitive performance. Secondary outcomes included the cognitive composite score at 9 months after completion of the assigned regimen; behavioral, language, and motor development, as well as growth and hematologic markers, immediately after completion and at 9 months after completion; and safety. RESULTS We randomly assigned 3300 infants to receive iron syrup (1101 infants), multiple micronutrient powders (1099), or placebo (1100) daily. After completion of the assigned 3-month regimen, no apparent effect on the cognitive composite score was observed with iron syrup as compared with placebo (mean between-group difference in change in score from baseline, -0.30 points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.08 to 0.48) or with multiple micronutrient powders as compared with placebo (mean between-group difference in change in score from baseline, 0.23 points; 95% CI, -0.55 to 1.00). No apparent effect on any other developmental or growth outcome was observed immediately after completion of the assigned regimen or at 9 months after completion. At 9 months after completion of the assigned regimen, the prevalences of anemia, iron deficiency, and iron deficiency anemia increased in all three trial groups but remained lower among the children who received iron syrup or multiple micronutrient powders than among those who received placebo. The risk of serious adverse events and incidence of symptoms of infection were similar in the three trial groups. CONCLUSIONS In this trial involving infants in Bangladesh, 3 months of daily supplementation with iron syrup or multiple micronutrient powders did not appear to have an effect on child development or other functional outcomes as compared with placebo. (Funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia; BRISC Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number, ACTRN12617000660381.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sant-Rayn Pasricha
- From the Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (S.-R.P., S.B., L.M.L., A.B.), Diagnostic Haematology, Royal Melbourne Hospital (S.-R.P.), Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital (S.-R.P.), the Department of Medical Biology (S.-R.P., A.B.), the Departments of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.B., L.M.L., B.-A.B.), and the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (S.B., J.A.S.), University of Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital (B.-A.B.), Parkville, VIC, and the Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (J.F.) - all in Australia; the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh (M.I.H., S.M.M.U.T., S.J.H., S.S., M.S.A.B., F.T., J.D.H.); the Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia (L.M.L.); and the Institute of Child Health, University College London, London (S.G.-M.)
| | - M Imrul Hasan
- From the Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (S.-R.P., S.B., L.M.L., A.B.), Diagnostic Haematology, Royal Melbourne Hospital (S.-R.P.), Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital (S.-R.P.), the Department of Medical Biology (S.-R.P., A.B.), the Departments of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.B., L.M.L., B.-A.B.), and the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (S.B., J.A.S.), University of Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital (B.-A.B.), Parkville, VIC, and the Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (J.F.) - all in Australia; the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh (M.I.H., S.M.M.U.T., S.J.H., S.S., M.S.A.B., F.T., J.D.H.); the Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia (L.M.L.); and the Institute of Child Health, University College London, London (S.G.-M.)
| | - Sabine Braat
- From the Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (S.-R.P., S.B., L.M.L., A.B.), Diagnostic Haematology, Royal Melbourne Hospital (S.-R.P.), Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital (S.-R.P.), the Department of Medical Biology (S.-R.P., A.B.), the Departments of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.B., L.M.L., B.-A.B.), and the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (S.B., J.A.S.), University of Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital (B.-A.B.), Parkville, VIC, and the Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (J.F.) - all in Australia; the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh (M.I.H., S.M.M.U.T., S.J.H., S.S., M.S.A.B., F.T., J.D.H.); the Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia (L.M.L.); and the Institute of Child Health, University College London, London (S.G.-M.)
| | - Leila M Larson
- From the Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (S.-R.P., S.B., L.M.L., A.B.), Diagnostic Haematology, Royal Melbourne Hospital (S.-R.P.), Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital (S.-R.P.), the Department of Medical Biology (S.-R.P., A.B.), the Departments of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.B., L.M.L., B.-A.B.), and the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (S.B., J.A.S.), University of Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital (B.-A.B.), Parkville, VIC, and the Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (J.F.) - all in Australia; the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh (M.I.H., S.M.M.U.T., S.J.H., S.S., M.S.A.B., F.T., J.D.H.); the Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia (L.M.L.); and the Institute of Child Health, University College London, London (S.G.-M.)
| | - S M Mulk-Uddin Tipu
- From the Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (S.-R.P., S.B., L.M.L., A.B.), Diagnostic Haematology, Royal Melbourne Hospital (S.-R.P.), Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital (S.-R.P.), the Department of Medical Biology (S.-R.P., A.B.), the Departments of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.B., L.M.L., B.-A.B.), and the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (S.B., J.A.S.), University of Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital (B.-A.B.), Parkville, VIC, and the Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (J.F.) - all in Australia; the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh (M.I.H., S.M.M.U.T., S.J.H., S.S., M.S.A.B., F.T., J.D.H.); the Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia (L.M.L.); and the Institute of Child Health, University College London, London (S.G.-M.)
| | - Sheikh J Hossain
- From the Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (S.-R.P., S.B., L.M.L., A.B.), Diagnostic Haematology, Royal Melbourne Hospital (S.-R.P.), Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital (S.-R.P.), the Department of Medical Biology (S.-R.P., A.B.), the Departments of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.B., L.M.L., B.-A.B.), and the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (S.B., J.A.S.), University of Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital (B.-A.B.), Parkville, VIC, and the Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (J.F.) - all in Australia; the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh (M.I.H., S.M.M.U.T., S.J.H., S.S., M.S.A.B., F.T., J.D.H.); the Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia (L.M.L.); and the Institute of Child Health, University College London, London (S.G.-M.)
| | - Shamima Shiraji
- From the Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (S.-R.P., S.B., L.M.L., A.B.), Diagnostic Haematology, Royal Melbourne Hospital (S.-R.P.), Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital (S.-R.P.), the Department of Medical Biology (S.-R.P., A.B.), the Departments of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.B., L.M.L., B.-A.B.), and the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (S.B., J.A.S.), University of Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital (B.-A.B.), Parkville, VIC, and the Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (J.F.) - all in Australia; the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh (M.I.H., S.M.M.U.T., S.J.H., S.S., M.S.A.B., F.T., J.D.H.); the Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia (L.M.L.); and the Institute of Child Health, University College London, London (S.G.-M.)
| | - Andrew Baldi
- From the Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (S.-R.P., S.B., L.M.L., A.B.), Diagnostic Haematology, Royal Melbourne Hospital (S.-R.P.), Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital (S.-R.P.), the Department of Medical Biology (S.-R.P., A.B.), the Departments of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.B., L.M.L., B.-A.B.), and the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (S.B., J.A.S.), University of Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital (B.-A.B.), Parkville, VIC, and the Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (J.F.) - all in Australia; the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh (M.I.H., S.M.M.U.T., S.J.H., S.S., M.S.A.B., F.T., J.D.H.); the Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia (L.M.L.); and the Institute of Child Health, University College London, London (S.G.-M.)
| | - Mohammad S A Bhuiyan
- From the Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (S.-R.P., S.B., L.M.L., A.B.), Diagnostic Haematology, Royal Melbourne Hospital (S.-R.P.), Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital (S.-R.P.), the Department of Medical Biology (S.-R.P., A.B.), the Departments of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.B., L.M.L., B.-A.B.), and the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (S.B., J.A.S.), University of Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital (B.-A.B.), Parkville, VIC, and the Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (J.F.) - all in Australia; the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh (M.I.H., S.M.M.U.T., S.J.H., S.S., M.S.A.B., F.T., J.D.H.); the Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia (L.M.L.); and the Institute of Child Health, University College London, London (S.G.-M.)
| | - Fahmida Tofail
- From the Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (S.-R.P., S.B., L.M.L., A.B.), Diagnostic Haematology, Royal Melbourne Hospital (S.-R.P.), Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital (S.-R.P.), the Department of Medical Biology (S.-R.P., A.B.), the Departments of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.B., L.M.L., B.-A.B.), and the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (S.B., J.A.S.), University of Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital (B.-A.B.), Parkville, VIC, and the Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (J.F.) - all in Australia; the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh (M.I.H., S.M.M.U.T., S.J.H., S.S., M.S.A.B., F.T., J.D.H.); the Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia (L.M.L.); and the Institute of Child Health, University College London, London (S.G.-M.)
| | - Jane Fisher
- From the Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (S.-R.P., S.B., L.M.L., A.B.), Diagnostic Haematology, Royal Melbourne Hospital (S.-R.P.), Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital (S.-R.P.), the Department of Medical Biology (S.-R.P., A.B.), the Departments of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.B., L.M.L., B.-A.B.), and the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (S.B., J.A.S.), University of Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital (B.-A.B.), Parkville, VIC, and the Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (J.F.) - all in Australia; the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh (M.I.H., S.M.M.U.T., S.J.H., S.S., M.S.A.B., F.T., J.D.H.); the Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia (L.M.L.); and the Institute of Child Health, University College London, London (S.G.-M.)
| | - Sally Grantham-McGregor
- From the Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (S.-R.P., S.B., L.M.L., A.B.), Diagnostic Haematology, Royal Melbourne Hospital (S.-R.P.), Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital (S.-R.P.), the Department of Medical Biology (S.-R.P., A.B.), the Departments of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.B., L.M.L., B.-A.B.), and the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (S.B., J.A.S.), University of Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital (B.-A.B.), Parkville, VIC, and the Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (J.F.) - all in Australia; the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh (M.I.H., S.M.M.U.T., S.J.H., S.S., M.S.A.B., F.T., J.D.H.); the Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia (L.M.L.); and the Institute of Child Health, University College London, London (S.G.-M.)
| | - Julie A Simpson
- From the Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (S.-R.P., S.B., L.M.L., A.B.), Diagnostic Haematology, Royal Melbourne Hospital (S.-R.P.), Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital (S.-R.P.), the Department of Medical Biology (S.-R.P., A.B.), the Departments of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.B., L.M.L., B.-A.B.), and the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (S.B., J.A.S.), University of Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital (B.-A.B.), Parkville, VIC, and the Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (J.F.) - all in Australia; the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh (M.I.H., S.M.M.U.T., S.J.H., S.S., M.S.A.B., F.T., J.D.H.); the Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia (L.M.L.); and the Institute of Child Health, University College London, London (S.G.-M.)
| | - Jena D Hamadani
- From the Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (S.-R.P., S.B., L.M.L., A.B.), Diagnostic Haematology, Royal Melbourne Hospital (S.-R.P.), Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital (S.-R.P.), the Department of Medical Biology (S.-R.P., A.B.), the Departments of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.B., L.M.L., B.-A.B.), and the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (S.B., J.A.S.), University of Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital (B.-A.B.), Parkville, VIC, and the Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (J.F.) - all in Australia; the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh (M.I.H., S.M.M.U.T., S.J.H., S.S., M.S.A.B., F.T., J.D.H.); the Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia (L.M.L.); and the Institute of Child Health, University College London, London (S.G.-M.)
| | - Beverley-Ann Biggs
- From the Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (S.-R.P., S.B., L.M.L., A.B.), Diagnostic Haematology, Royal Melbourne Hospital (S.-R.P.), Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital (S.-R.P.), the Department of Medical Biology (S.-R.P., A.B.), the Departments of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.B., L.M.L., B.-A.B.), and the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (S.B., J.A.S.), University of Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital (B.-A.B.), Parkville, VIC, and the Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (J.F.) - all in Australia; the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh (M.I.H., S.M.M.U.T., S.J.H., S.S., M.S.A.B., F.T., J.D.H.); the Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia (L.M.L.); and the Institute of Child Health, University College London, London (S.G.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Alam W, Ullah H, Santarcangelo C, Di Minno A, Khan H, Daglia M, Arciola CR. Micronutrient Food Supplements in Patients with Gastro-Intestinal and Hepatic Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8014. [PMID: 34360782 PMCID: PMC8347237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinogenesis is the second most common cause of mortality across all types of malignancies, followed by hepatic and stomach cancers. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are key approaches to treating cancer patients, but these carry major concerns, such as a high risk of side effects, poor accessibility, and the non-selective nature of chemotherapeutics. A number of natural products have been identified as countering various forms of cancer with fewer side effects. The potential impact of vitamins and minerals on long-term health, cognition, healthy development, bone formation, and aging has been supported by experimental and epidemiological studies. Successful treatment may thus be highly influenced by the nutritional status of patients. An insufficient diet could lead to detrimental effects on immune status and tolerance to treatment, affecting the ability of chemotherapy to destroy cancerous cells. In recent decades, most cancer patients have been taking vitamins and minerals to improve standard therapy and/or to decrease the undesirable side effects of the treatment together with the underlying disease. On the other hand, taking dietary supplements during cancer therapy may affect the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Thus, micronutrients in complementary oncology must be selected appropriately and should be taken at the right time. Here, the potential impact of micronutrients on gastro-intestinal and hepatic cancers is explored and their molecular targets are laid down.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (W.A.); (H.K.)
| | - Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (H.U.); (C.S.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Cristina Santarcangelo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (H.U.); (C.S.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Alessandro Di Minno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (H.U.); (C.S.); (A.D.M.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (W.A.); (H.K.)
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (H.U.); (C.S.); (A.D.M.)
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Carla Renata Arciola
- Laboratorio di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all’Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rozga M, Cheng FW, Moloney L, Handu D. Effects of Micronutrients or Conditional Amino Acids on COVID-19-Related Outcomes: An Evidence Analysis Center Scoping Review. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 121:1354-1363. [PMID: 32565398 PMCID: PMC7237946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent narrative reviews have described the potential efficacy of providing individuals infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with additional micronutrients to reduce disease severity. Although there are compelling reasons why providing additional micronutrients or conditional amino acids may affect COVID-19-related outcomes, evidence is lacking. The objective of this scoping review is to explore and describe the literature examining the effect of providing additional micronutrients or conditional amino acids (glutamine, arginine) in adults with conditions or infections similar to COVID-19 infection on COVID-19-related health outcomes. A literature search of the MEDLINE database and hand search of Cochrane Database of systematic reviews retrieved 1,423 unique studies, and 8 studies were included in this scoping review. Four studies examined a target population with ventilator-related pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, and the other 4 studies included patients who were at risk for ventilator-associated pneumonia. Interventions included intravenous ascorbic acid, intramuscular cholecalciferol, enteral and intramuscular vitamin E, enteral zinc sulfate, and oral and parenteral glutamine. In 6 of the 8 included studies, baseline status of the nutrient of interest was not reported and, thus, it is uncertain how outcomes may vary in the context of nutrient deficiency or insufficiency compared with sufficiency. In the absence of direct evidence examining efficacy of providing additional micronutrients or conditional amino acids to standard care, registered dietitian nutritionists must rely on clinical expertise and indirect evidence to guide medical nutrition therapy for patients infected with COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Rozga
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Center, Chicago, IL.
| | - Feon W Cheng
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Lisa Moloney
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Deepa Handu
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Center, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Notz Q, Herrmann J, Schlesinger T, Helmer P, Sudowe S, Sun Q, Hackler J, Roeder D, Lotz C, Meybohm P, Kranke P, Schomburg L, Stoppe C. Clinical Significance of Micronutrient Supplementation in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients with Severe ARDS. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062113. [PMID: 34203015 PMCID: PMC8235175 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between inflammation and oxidative stress is a vicious circle, potentially resulting in organ damage. Essential micronutrients such as selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) support anti-oxidative defense systems and are commonly depleted in severe disease. This single-center retrospective study investigated micronutrient levels under Se and Zn supplementation in critically ill patients with COVID-19 induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and explored potential relationships with immunological and clinical parameters. According to intensive care unit (ICU) standard operating procedures, patients received 1.0 mg of intravenous Se daily on top of artificial nutrition, which contained various amounts of Se and Zn. Micronutrients, inflammatory cytokines, lymphocyte subsets and clinical data were extracted from the patient data management system on admission and after 10 to 14 days of treatment. Forty-six patients were screened for eligibility and 22 patients were included in the study. Twenty-one patients (95%) suffered from severe ARDS and 14 patients (64%) survived to ICU discharge. On admission, the majority of patients had low Se status biomarkers and Zn levels, along with elevated inflammatory parameters. Se supplementation significantly elevated Se (p = 0.027) and selenoprotein P levels (SELENOP; p = 0.016) to normal range. Accordingly, glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) activity increased over time (p = 0.021). Se biomarkers, most notably SELENOP, were inversely correlated with CRP (rs = −0.495), PCT (rs = −0.413), IL-6 (rs = −0.429), IL-1β (rs = −0.440) and IL-10 (rs = −0.461). Positive associations were found for CD8+ T cells (rs = 0.636), NK cells (rs = 0.772), total IgG (rs = 0.493) and PaO2/FiO2 ratios (rs = 0.504). In addition, survivors tended to have higher Se levels after 10 to 14 days compared to non-survivors (p = 0.075). Sufficient Se and Zn levels may potentially be of clinical significance for an adequate immune response in critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 ARDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quirin Notz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (J.H.); (T.S.); (P.H.); (D.R.); (C.L.); (P.M.); (P.K.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)931-201-30001
| | - Johannes Herrmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (J.H.); (T.S.); (P.H.); (D.R.); (C.L.); (P.M.); (P.K.); (C.S.)
| | - Tobias Schlesinger
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (J.H.); (T.S.); (P.H.); (D.R.); (C.L.); (P.M.); (P.K.); (C.S.)
| | - Philipp Helmer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (J.H.); (T.S.); (P.H.); (D.R.); (C.L.); (P.M.); (P.K.); (C.S.)
| | | | - Qian Sun
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10115 Berlin, Germany; (Q.S.); (J.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Julian Hackler
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10115 Berlin, Germany; (Q.S.); (J.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Daniel Roeder
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (J.H.); (T.S.); (P.H.); (D.R.); (C.L.); (P.M.); (P.K.); (C.S.)
| | - Christopher Lotz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (J.H.); (T.S.); (P.H.); (D.R.); (C.L.); (P.M.); (P.K.); (C.S.)
| | - Patrick Meybohm
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (J.H.); (T.S.); (P.H.); (D.R.); (C.L.); (P.M.); (P.K.); (C.S.)
| | - Peter Kranke
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (J.H.); (T.S.); (P.H.); (D.R.); (C.L.); (P.M.); (P.K.); (C.S.)
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10115 Berlin, Germany; (Q.S.); (J.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Christian Stoppe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (J.H.); (T.S.); (P.H.); (D.R.); (C.L.); (P.M.); (P.K.); (C.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Idris I, Ismail C, Moestakim MRD. Micronutrient characteristic in recurrent seizure in medicinecontrolled epileptic children with normal nutritional status. Acta Neurol Taiwan 2021; 30(2):54-62. [PMID: 34549390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent seizure in epileptic children is correlated with future motoric disorders, behavior problems, and intellectual disabilities. Various factors are thought to modulate the risk of recurrent seizure, including micronutrient status such as calcium, 25-dehydroxycholecalciferol (25-(OH)D), and serum iron presented as hemoglobin level. AIM To analyze correlation between micronutrient characteristics of epileptic children and recurrence of seizure. METHODS This cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in the pediatric clinic of Dr. Soetomo hospital from September to October 2019. Epileptic children with long-term anti-epileptic drugs (AED) for over 6 months and ages ranging 2-18 years were included. Recurrent and non-recurrent group were compared. Age, family history of seizure, and duration of AED administration were noted. Peripheral serum level of hemoglobin, calcium, and 25-(OH)D was measured. The median 25-(OH) D level of both groups were corelated with recurrent seizure by using Spearman test (95% confidence interval). RESULTS Thirty children were enrolled. Recurrent seizure was occurred in 19 children. There was significant correlation on hemoglobin and calcium, and 25-(OH)D level with the recurrence of seizure (p less then 0.05). Among all observed micronutrients, 25-(OH)D has the strongest correlation (r = 0.750). There was no significant correlation between recurrent seizure and both family history and AED administration duration. CONCLUSION Micronutrients status is correlated with prevalence of recurrent seizure. Level of 25-(OH)D is strongly correlated, whereas level of hemoglobin, and calcium have weak correlation with recurrent seizure in epileptic children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irwanto Idris
- Departement of Child Health Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga,Indonesia
| | - Chasan Ismail
- Departement of Child Health Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga,Indonesia
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Sheep's milk is an important source of bioactive substances that have health-promoting functions for the body. The valuable composition of sheep's milk is due to the high content of fatty acids, immunoglobulins, proteins, hormones, vitamins and minerals. Many biopeptides found in milk have antibacterial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. The bioactive substances of sheep's milk also show anticancer properties. Sheep's milk, thanks to its content of CLA and orotic acid, prevents the occurrence of type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Sheep's milk, as a product rich in bioactive substances, can be used as a medical aid to support the body in the fight against neurological and cancer diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Edyta Molik
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31-059 Krakow, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chiu HF, Venkatakrishnan K, Golovinskaia O, Wang CK. Impact of Micronutrients on Hypertension: Evidence from Clinical Trials with a Special Focus on Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:588. [PMID: 33578935 PMCID: PMC7916651 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HT) is one of the pivotal risk factors for various detrimental diseases like cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cerebrovascular disease, and renal dysfunction. Currently, many researchers are paying immense attention to various diet formula (dietary approach) with a special focus on micro and macronutrients along with modified lifestyle and standard anti-hypertensive drugs. Micronutrients (minerals/vitamins) play a central role in the regulation of blood pressure (BP) as they aid the function of macronutrients and also improve the anti-hypertensive functions of some anti-hypertensive agents. Even though several studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of micronutrients on controlling BP, still some ambiguity exists among the nutritionists/doctors, which combination or individual mineral (dietary approach) contributes to better BP regulation. Therefore, this critical review article was attempted to delineate the underlying role of micronutrients (minerals and vitamins) for the management and prevention or delaying of HT and their related complications with strong affirmation from clinical trials as well as its mechanism of controlling BP. Moreover, the major source and recommended daily allowance (RDA) of various micronutrients are included in this review for guiding common readers (especially HT subjects) and dieticians to choose/recommend a better micronutrient and their combinations (other nutrients and standard anti-hypertensive drugs) for lowering the risk of HT and its related co-morbid conditions like CVDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Chiu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung 40301, Taiwan;
| | - Kamesh Venkatakrishnan
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| | | | - Chin-Kun Wang
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Manzanares W, Moreira E, Hardy G. Pharmaconutrition revisited for critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Does selenium have a place? Nutrition 2021; 81:110989. [PMID: 33049573 PMCID: PMC7457937 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic causing one of the biggest challenges for critical care medicine. Mortality from COVID-19 is much greater in elderly men, many of whom succumb to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) triggered by the viral infection. Because there is no specific antiviral treatment against COVID-19, new strategies are urgently needed. Selenium is an essential trace element with antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects. Poor nutritional status increases the pathogenicity of viruses and low selenium in particular can be a determinant of viral virulence. In the past decade, selenium pharmaconutrition studies have demonstrated some reduction in overall mortality, including how reduced incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia and infectious complications such as ARDS in the critically ill. Consequently, we postulate that intravenous selenium therapy, could be part of the therapeutic fight against COVID-19 in intensive care unit patients with ARDS and that outcomes could be affected by age, sex, and body weight. Our working hypothesis addresses the question: Could high-dose selenite pharmaconutrition, as an early pharmacologic intervention, be effective at reducing the incidence and the progression from type 1 respiratory failure (non-ARDS) to severe ARDS, multiorgan failure, and new infectious complications in patients with COVID-19 patients?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Manzanares
- Department of Critical Care, Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Eduardo Moreira
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Maciel - ASSE, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gil Hardy
- Ipanema Research Trust, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bae M, Kim H. Mini-Review on the Roles of Vitamin C, Vitamin D, and Selenium in the Immune System against COVID-19. Molecules 2020; 25:E5346. [PMID: 33207753 PMCID: PMC7696052 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Low levels of micronutrients have been associated with adverse clinical outcomes during viral infections. Therefore, to maximize the nutritional defense against infections, a daily allowance of vitamins and trace elements for malnourished patients at risk of or diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be beneficial. Recent studies on COVID-19 patients have shown that vitamin D and selenium deficiencies are evident in patients with acute respiratory tract infections. Vitamin D improves the physical barrier against viruses and stimulates the production of antimicrobial peptides. It may prevent cytokine storms by decreasing the production of inflammatory cytokines. Selenium enhances the function of cytotoxic effector cells. Furthermore, selenium is important for maintaining T cell maturation and functions, as well as for T cell-dependent antibody production. Vitamin C is considered an antiviral agent as it increases immunity. Administration of vitamin C increased the survival rate of COVID-19 patients by attenuating excessive activation of the immune response. Vitamin C increases antiviral cytokines and free radical formation, decreasing viral yield. It also attenuates excessive inflammatory responses and hyperactivation of immune cells. In this mini-review, the roles of vitamin C, vitamin D, and selenium in the immune system are discussed in relation to COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Bae
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Interdisciplinary Program in Senior Human Ecology, BK21 FOUR, College of Natural Sciences, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea;
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BK21 FOUR, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Oyeyinka BO, Afolayan AJ. Potentials of Musa Species Fruits against Oxidative Stress-Induced and Diet-Linked Chronic Diseases: In Vitro and In Vivo Implications of Micronutritional Factors and Dietary Secondary Metabolite Compounds. Molecules 2020; 25:E5036. [PMID: 33142997 PMCID: PMC7663138 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional quality and the well-being of the body system are directly linked aspects of human survival. From the unborn foetus to adulthood, the need for sustainable access to micronutrient-rich foods is pertinent and the global consumption of banana and plantain fruits, in effect, contributes to the alleviation of the scourge of malnutrition. This review is particularly aimed at evaluating the pharmacological dimensions through the biological mechanisms of Musa fruits in the body, which represent correlations with their constituent micronutrient factors and dietary polyphenolic constituents such as minerals, vitamin members, anthocyanins, lutein, α-,β- carotenes, neoxanthins and cryptoxanthins, epi- and gallo catechins, catecholamines, 3-carboxycoumarin, β-sitosterol, monoterpenoids, with series of analytical approaches for the various identified compounds being highlighted therein. Derivative value-products from the compartments (flesh and peel) of Musa fruits are equally highlighted, bringing forth the biomedicinal and nutritional relevance, including the potentials of Musa species in dietary diversification approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Jide Afolayan
- Medicinal Plants and Economic Development (MPED) Research Centre, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa;
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pecora F, Persico F, Argentiero A, Neglia C, Esposito S. The Role of Micronutrients in Support of the Immune Response against Viral Infections. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103198. [PMID: 33092041 PMCID: PMC7589163 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the importance of public health practices including handwashing and vaccinations in reducing their spread is well established. Furthermore, it is well known that proper nutrition can help support optimal immune function, reducing the impact of infections. Several vitamins and trace elements play an important role in supporting the cells of the immune system, thus increasing the resistance to infections. Other nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids, help sustain optimal function of the immune system. The main aim of this manuscript is to discuss of the potential role of micronutrients supplementation in supporting immunity, particularly against respiratory virus infections. Literature analysis showed that in vitro and observational studies, and clinical trials, highlight the important role of vitamins A, C, and D, omega-3 fatty acids, and zinc in modulating the immune response. Supplementation with vitamins, omega 3 fatty acids and zinc appears to be a safe and low-cost way to support optimal function of the immune system, with the potential to reduce the risk and consequences of infection, including viral respiratory infections. Supplementation should be in addition to a healthy diet and fall within recommended upper safety limits set by scientific expert bodies. Therefore, implementing an optimal nutrition, with micronutrients and omega-3 fatty acids supplementation, might be a cost-effective, underestimated strategy to help reduce the burden of infectious diseases worldwide, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Collapse
|
40
|
Lenhart JG, Vu PT, Quackenbush K, LaPorte A, Smith J. The efficacy of a compounded micronutrient supplement on the incidence, duration, and severity of the common cold: A pilot randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237491. [PMID: 32841256 PMCID: PMC7447041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Viral upper respiratory infections are associated with significant health and economic impact. This study sought to determine the efficacy of routine immune system micronutrient supplementation on the incidence, duration and severity of common cold symptoms. Methods This pilot study was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of N = 259 with asymptomatic participants aged 18 to 65 in two cold seasons of 2016 and 2017. The treatment group received an immune system targeted micronutrient caplet, while the placebo group received a micronized cellulose caplet externally identical to the treatment caplet. Weekly surveys were sent electronically to participants to document common cold incidence, duration and severity. Primary statistical results were obtained using mixed-effects logistic regressions to account for longitudinal measurements for participants. Results The odds of acquiring an upper respiratory infection, adjusted for potential confounders, was estimated to be 0.74 times lower in the treatment group (p = 0.14). The odds of reporting specific symptoms were statistically lower in the treatment arm compared to the placebo arm for runny nose (OR = 0.53, p = 0.01) and cough (OR = 0.51, p = 0.04). Shorter durations of runny nose and cough were also observed in the treatment arm compared to placebo (both p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in severity of symptoms in either group. The observed proportion of reported cold symptoms in the treatment group was lower compared to the placebo group between late January and February in two consecutive cold seasons. Given the physical, workplace and economic impact of upper respiratory infections, this low cost and low risk intervention should be further studied with more robust investigation and meticulous experimental design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James G. Lenhart
- Community Health Care Family Medicine Residency, Tacoma, Washington in affiliation with the Family Medicine Residency Network, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Phuong T. Vu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kale Quackenbush
- Community Health Care Family Medicine Residency, Tacoma, Washington in affiliation with the Family Medicine Residency Network, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Anne LaPorte
- Community Health Care Family Medicine Residency, Tacoma, Washington in affiliation with the Family Medicine Residency Network, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jeff Smith
- Community Health Care Family Medicine Residency, Tacoma, Washington in affiliation with the Family Medicine Residency Network, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Isah AUJ, Ekwunife OI, Ejie IL, Mandrik O. Effects of nutritional supplements on the re-infection rate of soil-transmitted helminths in school-age children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237112. [PMID: 32790693 PMCID: PMC7425883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of nutritional supplements on the re-infection rate of species-specific soil-transmitted helminth infections in school-aged children remains complex and available evidence on the subject matter has not been synthesized. Methods The review included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster RCTs investigating food supplements on school-aged children between the age of 4–17 years. A search for RCTs was conducted on eight databases from inception to 12th June 2019. Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to assess the risk of bias in all included studies. Meta-analysis and narrative synthesis were conducted to describe and analyze the results of the review. Outcomes were summarized using the mean difference or standardized mean difference where appropriate. Results The search produced 1,816 records. Six studies met the inclusion criteria (five individually RCTs and one cluster RCT). Four studies reported data on all three STH species, while one study only reported data on Ascaris lumbricoides infections and the last study reported data on only hookworm infections. Overall, the risk of bias in four individual studies was low across most domains. Nutritional supplementation failed to statistically reduce the re-infection rates of the three STH species. The effect of nutritional supplements on measures of physical wellbeing in school-aged children could not be determined. Conclusions The findings from this systematic review suggest that nutritional supplements for treatment of STH in children should not be encouraged unless better evidence emerges. Conclusion of earlier reviews on general populations may not necessarily apply to children since children possibly have a higher re-infection rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Ummi Jibrin Isah
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Obinna Ikechukwu Ekwunife
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
- * E-mail:
| | - Izuchukwu Loveth Ejie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Olena Mandrik
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Alexander J, Tinkov A, Strand TA, Alehagen U, Skalny A, Aaseth J. Early Nutritional Interventions with Zinc, Selenium and Vitamin D for Raising Anti-Viral Resistance Against Progressive COVID-19. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2358. [PMID: 32784601 PMCID: PMC7468884 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) conveys a serious threat globally to health and economy because of a lack of vaccines and specific treatments. A common factor for conditions that predispose for serious progress is a low-grade inflammation, e.g., as seen in metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and heart failure, to which micronutrient deficiencies may contribute. The aim of the present article was to explore the usefulness of early micronutrient intervention, with focus on zinc, selenium, and vitamin D, to relieve escalation of COVID-19. METHODS We conducted an online search for articles published in the period 2010-2020 on zinc, selenium, and vitamin D, and corona and related virus infections. RESULTS There were a few studies providing direct evidence on associations between zinc, selenium, and vitamin D, and COVID-19. Adequate supply of zinc, selenium, and vitamin D is essential for resistance to other viral infections, immune function, and reduced inflammation. Hence, it is suggested that nutrition intervention securing an adequate status might protect against the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - coronavirus-2) and mitigate the course of COVID-19. CONCLUSION We recommended initiation of adequate supplementation in high-risk areas and/or soon after the time of suspected infection with SARS-CoV-2. Subjects in high-risk groups should have high priority as regards this nutritive adjuvant therapy, which should be started prior to administration of specific and supportive medical measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Alexander
- Division of Infection Control and Environment Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Alexey Tinkov
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioelementology, Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya Str. 14, Yaroslavl 150000, Russia; (A.T.); (A.S.)
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., Moscow 119146, Russia;
| | - Tor A. Strand
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, 2381 Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Urban Alehagen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anatoly Skalny
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioelementology, Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya Str. 14, Yaroslavl 150000, Russia; (A.T.); (A.S.)
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., Moscow 119146, Russia;
| | - Jan Aaseth
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., Moscow 119146, Russia;
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, 2381 Brumunddal, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gasmi A, Tippairote T, Mujawdiya PK, Peana M, Menzel A, Dadar M, Gasmi Benahmed A, Bjørklund G. Micronutrients as immunomodulatory tools for COVID-19 management. Clin Immunol 2020; 220:108545. [PMID: 32710937 PMCID: PMC7833875 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 rapidly turned to a global pandemic posing lethal threats to overwhelming health care capabilities, despite its relatively low mortality rate. The clinical respiratory symptoms include dry cough, fever, anosmia, breathing difficulties, and subsequent respiratory failure. No known cure is available for COVID-19. Apart from the anti-viral strategy, the supports of immune effectors and modulation of immunosuppressive mechanisms is the rationale immunomodulation approach in COVID-19 management. Diet and nutrition are essential for healthy immunity. However, a group of micronutrients plays a dominant role in immunomodulation. The deficiency of most nutrients increases the individual susceptibility to virus infection with a tendency for severe clinical presentation. Despite a shred of evidence, the supplementation of a single nutrient is not promising in the general population. Individuals at high-risk for specific nutrient deficiencies likely benefit from supplementation. The individual dietary and nutritional status assessments are critical for determining the comprehensive actions in COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Torsak Tippairote
- Philosophy Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital and Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Nutritional and Environmental Medicine Department, BBH Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wang S, Song T, Wang S. Mitochondrial DNA 10158T>C mutation in a patient with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes syndrome: A case-report and literature review (CARE-complaint). Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20310. [PMID: 32541454 PMCID: PMC7302614 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke- like episodes (MELAS) syndrome is caused by mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction and oxidative phosphorylation disorder. It is a rare clinical metabolic disease involved with multiple systems. PATIENT CONCERNS A 22-year-old patient presented with limb convulsion accompanied by loss of consciousness, headache, partial blindness, blurred vision, and so on. DIAGNOSES Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a high-intensity area in bilateral occipital cortex, left parietal lobe and cerebellum on diffusion-weighted imaging. These focus did not distribute as vascular territory. The pathological examination of skeletal muscle revealed several succinate dehydrogenase reactive vessels with overreaction and increased content of lipid droplets in some muscle fibers. Genetic testing showed that the patient carried m.10158T>C mutation. INTERVENTIONS She was provided with traditional arginine hydrochloride therapy and orally medication of coenzyme Q (10 mg). OUTCOMES Mitochondrial DNA of blood and hair follicle of patient carried m.10158T>C mutation LESSONS:: For the suspected patients of MELAS syndrome, if the hot-spot mutation test is negative, more detection sites should be selected.
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Porphyria refers to a group of fascinating diseases from a metabolic and nutritional standpoint as it provides an example of how metabolic manipulation can be used for therapeutic purposes. It is characterized by defects in heme synthesis, particularly in the erythrocytes and liver. Specific enzymes involved in heme biosynthesis directly depend on adequate levels of vitamins and minerals in the tissues. Moreover, micronutrients that are required for producing succinyl CoA and other intermediates in the Krebs (TCA) cycle are indirectly necessary for heme metabolism. This review summarizes articles that describe the nutritional status, supplements intake, and dietary practices of patients affected by porphyria, paying special attention to the therapeutic use of nutrients that may help or hinder this group of diseases.
Collapse
|
46
|
Ayton AK, Azaz A, Horrobin DF. Rapid improvement of severe anorexia nervosa during treatment with ethyl-eicosapentaenoate and micronutrients. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 19:317-9. [PMID: 15276668 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2004.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2003] [Revised: 01/19/2004] [Accepted: 02/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes K Ayton
- Huntercombe Stafford Hospital, Ivetsey Bank, Wheaton Aston, Stafford, ST17 0XA, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Brewer JD, Santos MP, Román K, Riley‐Powell AR, Oberhelman RA, Paz‐Soldan VA. Micronutrient powder use in Arequipa, Peru: Barriers and enablers across multiple levels. Matern Child Nutr 2020; 16:e12915. [PMID: 31773841 PMCID: PMC7083483 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In Peru, nearly half of children aged 6-36 months were diagnosed with anaemia in 2017. To address this disease, the Peruvian Ministry of Health implemented a national programme in 2014, distributing free micronutrient powders (MNPs) to all children of this age. However, rates of childhood anaemia remain high. The aim of this study was to explore factors at all levels of the Social-Ecological Model that affect MNP use and adherence in Arequipa, an Andean city with childhood anaemia rates higher than the national average. We conducted in-depth interviews with 20 health personnel and 24 caregivers and 12 focus group discussions with 105 caregivers. We identified numerous barriers, including negative side effects (constipation, vomiting, and diarrhoea), poor taste of MNP, lack of familial and peer support for its use, insufficient informational resources provided by the health system, and limited human resources that constricted health personnel abilities to implement MNP programming successfully. Facilitators identified included concern about the long-term effects of anaemia, support from organizations external to the health system, well-coordinated care within the health system, and provision of resources by the Ministry of Health. We found that community or organizational and societal factors were key to limited MNP use and adherence, specifically the limited time health personnel have to address caregivers' doubts during appointments and the lack of informational resources outside of these appointments. Potential policy implications could be to increase informational resources available outside of individualized counselling by strengthening existing collaborations with community organizations, increasing media coverage, and providing group counselling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D. Brewer
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral SciencesTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisiana
| | - Maria P. Santos
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral SciencesTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisiana
| | - Karina Román
- Facultad de Salud Publica y Administracion Carlos Vidal Layseca, Department of Health ManagementUniversidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLimaPeru
- Research UnitAsociación Benéfica PRISMALimaPeru
| | - Amy R. Riley‐Powell
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral SciencesTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisiana
- Participation, Inclusion and Social Change and Health and Nutrition Research ClustersInstitute of Development StudiesBrightonUK
| | - Richard A. Oberhelman
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral SciencesTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisiana
| | - Valerie A. Paz‐Soldan
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral SciencesTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisiana
- Research UnitAsociación Benéfica PRISMALimaPeru
- Facultad de Salud Publica y Administracion Carlos Vidal Layseca, Zoonotic Disease Research LabUniversidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaArequipaPeru
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Machmud PB, Djuwita R, Gayatri D, Khairani N, Putra WKY, Ronoatmodjo S. Influence of Micronutrient Consumption by Tuberculosis Patients on the Sputum Conversion Rate: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Study. Acta Med Indones 2020; 52:118-124. [PMID: 32778625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND infectious disease is one of the global health challenge in the world, including tuberculosis. Some factors significantly associated with increased treatment success, including the duration of treatment or treatment compliance, use more than three sensitive drugs, individualized regimen, and weight-related to micronutrient. METHODS a systematic review and meta-analysis study of randomized control trial studies conducted and reported by preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The primary data source was online publications, consist of three bases data, which subscribed by Universitas Indonesia, they are Proquest, EBSCO CINAHL, EBSCO Dentistry. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, and data were analyzed using Review Manager 2015. RESULTS there were eight full paper rates as relevant studies. There was a significant difference of effect among the intervention group compared the control group (or placebo group). RR of the pooled estimate was 1.12 (95% CI: 1.06 - 1.18) with heterogeneity study 36%. While, the poled calculated based on type of micronutrient from seven studies showed there was no difference of sputum conversion between Vitamin D and placebo group (RR-1.05, 95% CI 0.99 - 1.12) with heterogeneity study 0% and a significant result seems among Zinc and Retinol intervention (RR=1.21, 95% CI 1.09 - 1.35) with heterogeneity study 40%. CONCLUSION micronutrient intervention during tuberculosis treatment has a positive effect toward to sputum conversion among patient. Zinc and retinol influence sputum conversion while vitamin D did not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Putri Bungsu Machmud
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Alschuler L, Weil A, Horwitz R, Stamets P, Chiasson AM, Crocker R, Maizes V. Integrative considerations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Explore (NY) 2020; 16:354-356. [PMID: 32229082 PMCID: PMC7270871 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lise Alschuler
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, United States; Andrew Weil Center for Integrative Medicine, United States.
| | - Andrew Weil
- Andrew Weil Center for Integrative Medicine, United States; University of Arizona, United States
| | - Randy Horwitz
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, United States; Andrew Weil Center for Integrative Medicine, United States
| | | | - Ann Marie Chiasson
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, United States; Andrew Weil Center for Integrative Medicine, United States
| | - Robert Crocker
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, United States; Andrew Weil Center for Integrative Medicine, United States
| | - Victoria Maizes
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, United States; Andrew Weil Center for Integrative Medicine, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mitochondrial dysfunction seems to be the common denominator of several critical care conditions and particularly of sepsis. Faced with relative failure, and limited progress of sepsis therapies aiming at blocking some oxidative and/or inflammatory pathways, the question of antioxidants micronutrient therapy, particularly of selenium, ascorbic acid and thiamine remains open. RECENT FINDINGS The rationale for the essentiality of numerous micronutrients within the mitochondria is well established. Many studies have tested single micronutrients in animal and in-vitro models and provide positive evidences in favor of reduction of organ failure (cardiac and renal mainly). In clinical settings, high-dose selenium administration in sepsis has been disappointing. The most recent high dose, short-term ascorbic acid trial in sepsis is promising though, with an associated reduction of mortality, but analysis of the impact of this intervention on the various organs remains to be conducted. SUMMARY Results from animal and human studies indicate that there are indeed intervention options at the level of the mitochondria, but neither the optimal dose nor the optimal combination of micronutrients is yet identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mette M Berger
- Service of Adult Intensive Care, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|