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Goodgame B, Viswanathan A, Pillot G, Gao F, Morgensztern D, Bradley J, Guthrie T, Battafarano R, Govindan R. Outcomes in 708 resected stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) subjects and a prognostic index for relapse. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.7198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Lindsay P, El Naqa I, Hope A, Bradley J, Vicic M, Deasy J. TU-FF-A1-06: Monte Carlo Based Retrospective Dose Calculations for Outcomes Modeling. Med Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1118/1.1998471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Lu W, Parikh P, Bradley J, Low D. TU-D-J-6C-01: A Comparison Between Amplitude Sorting and Phase Sorting Using External Respiratory Measurements for 4D CT. Med Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1118/1.1998392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Agurto I, Arrossi S, White S, Coffey P, Dzuba I, Bingham A, Bradley J, Lewis R. Involving the community in cervical cancer prevention programs. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2005; 89 Suppl 2:S38-45. [PMID: 15823265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2005.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Underutilization of cervical cancer prevention services by women in the high-risk age group of 30-60 years can be attributed to health service factors (such as poor availability, poor accessibility, and poor quality of care provided), to women's lack of information, and to cultural and behavioral barriers. The Alliance for Cervical Cancer Prevention (ACCP) partners have been working to identify effective ways to increase women's voluntary participation in prevention programs by testing strategies of community involvement in developing countries. The ACCP experiences include developing community partnerships to listen to and learn from the community, thereby enhancing appropriateness of services; developing culturally appropriate messages and educational materials; making access to high-quality screening services easier; and identifying effective ways to encourage women and their partners to complete diagnosis and treatment regimens. Cervical cancer prevention programs that use these strategies are more likely to increase demand, ensure follow-through for treatment, and ultimately reduce disease burden.
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Blank L, Peters J, Lumsdon A, O'donoghue DJ, Feest TG, Scoble J, Wight JP, Bradley J. Regional differences in the provision of adult renal dialysis services in the UK. QJM 2005; 98:183-90. [PMID: 15728399 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hci023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Provision of renal dialysis varies between UK regions. AIM To analyse these differences in provision and investigate their causes. DESIGN Questionnaire-based survey. METHODS A questionnaire was posted to all renal provider units and renal commissioning groups in the UK. Questions covered issues such as dialysis modalities and patient choice. Data were collected by telephone interview (or post in some cases) and analysed using SPSS. RESULTS All renal provider units in the UK responded. A full range of modalities was provided by the majority of units. Clear variations in the level and quality of dialysis provision were seen between the UK regions. These included variation in choice of dialysis modality, provision of high-cost drugs, vascular access waiting times, number of support staff and availability of spare dialysis slots. DISCUSSION The considerable variation between UK regions in the provision of adult renal dialysis services cannot be entirely explained by age or ethnic variation, and is in part due to limited bed space, dialysis machines and support staff, as well as changes in commissioning arrangements. To meet the requirements of the renal national service framework in most regions, changes to policy and funding will be required, such that the relatively new commissioning groups implement more appropriate funding structures in closer dialogue with their provider units.
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Bradley J, Roongsritong C, Sutthiwan P, Simoni J, Meyerrose G. 48 PROCOLLAGEN TYPE IC PEPTIDE ELEVATION IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION. J Investig Med 2005. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.00006.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Risi L, Bindman JP, Campbell OMR, Imrie J, Everett K, Bradley J, Denny L. Media interventions to increase cervical screening uptake in South Africa: an evaluation study of effectiveness. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2004; 19:457-68. [PMID: 15155598 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyg044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Successful cervical cancer prevention depends on reaching, screening and treating women with pre-invasive disease. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of two media interventions-a photo-comic and a radio-drama-in increasing cervical screening uptake. A randomized controlled trial compared a photo-comic on cervical cancer screening with a placebo comic. One month after the comics were distributed a radio-drama paralleling the photo-comic was broadcast on the community radio station and a retrospective evaluation was carried out. The trial was set in Khayelitsha, a peri-urban squatter community near Cape Town, South Africa. A random sample consisted of 658 women between the ages of 35 and 65 years, from a stratified sample of census areas. The main outcome measure was self-reported cervical screening uptake 6 months after distribution of the comics. Seven percent (18 of 269) of women who received the intervention photo-comic reported cervical screening during the 6 months follow-up, compared with 6% (25 of 389) of controls (P = 0.89). Women who recalled hearing the radio-drama were more likely to report attending screening (nine of 53, 17%) than those who did not (19 of 429, 4%; P < 0.001). We conclude that the photo-comic was ineffective in increasing cervical screening uptake in this population. The radio-drama may have had more impact, but only a minority of women recalled being exposed to it. Future research must concentrate not only on achieving high level of exposure to health messages, but also on investigating the links between exposure and action.
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Achukwi MD, Harnett W, Bradley J, Renz A. Onchocerca ochengi acquisition in zebu Gudali cattle exposed to natural transmission: parasite population dynamics and IgG antibody subclass responses to Ov10/Ov11 recombinant antigens. Vet Parasitol 2004; 122:35-49. [PMID: 15158555 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2002] [Revised: 01/27/2004] [Accepted: 02/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ngaoundere Gudali zebu cattle naturally exposed to Simulium damnosum s.l. and Culicoides spp. bites were examined during 4 years for O. ochengi adult worm acquisition, Onchocerca ochengi and Onchocerca gutturosa skin microfilaria dynamics, and IgG1 and IgG2 antibody subclass responses. Eleven animals acquired a total of 465 O. ochengi nodules (average of 17 per female and 72 per male). The O. ochengi nodule load was highly variable in individual animals and exacerbated in mature male cattle. Three patterns of acquisition of O. ochengi (resistant to new infestation, early susceptibility and late susceptibility), not associated with Simulium biting intensity (P > 0.05), were distinguished. The minimum prepatent periods for O. ochengi nodules, O. ochengi microfilariae and O. gutturosa microfilariae were 10, 20 and 21 months, respectively. The O. ochengi microfilaria density significantly (P < 0.001) increased with age, was higher in young mature bulls than female animals (P < 0.001) and finally reached highest levels (P < 0.005) during the dry season. Antibody responses to Ov10/Ov11 recombinant O. volvulus antigens were predominantly of the IgG1 subclass. High levels of this subclass (not IgG2) observed in new born calves declined to almost zero levels at the age of 5-8 months but IgG1 levels significantly increased (P < 0.05) with age subsequently during patency. Put together the acquisition and accumulation of O. ochengi parasites in zebu cattle, apart from being season, sex (gender) and host age associated, may also suggest a density-dependent regulation of parasite establishment in a proportion of the exposed population.
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Miner P, Wedel M, Bane B, Bradley J. An enema formulation of alicaforsen, an antisense inhibitor of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, in the treatment of chronic, unremitting pouchitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004; 19:281-6. [PMID: 14984374 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.01863.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pouchitis is the major long-term complication of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis. The incidence of pouchitis is as high as 50% several years after surgery. Two-thirds of pouchitis patients suffer recurrence. Of those who recur, one-quarter suffer from chronic, unremitting pouchitis. Current treatments for this disorder are disappointing. AIM To determine whether a topically administered enema formulation of ISIS 2302 (alicaforsen), an antisense inhibitor of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, can improve the clinical symptoms, endoscopic mucosal appearance and mucosal histology in patients with chronic, unremitting pouchitis, a disorder in which this molecule is over-expressed. METHODS In an open-label, uncontrolled study, 12 patients with chronic, unremitting pouchitis were treated with 240 mg alicaforsen antisense enema nightly for 6 weeks. Clinical evaluation and endoscopy were performed at baseline and at weeks 3, 6 and 10. Pouchoscopy with biopsy was carried out at baseline and at weeks 6 and 10. The primary end-point was the reduction from baseline of the Pouchitis Disease Activity Index (PDAI) at week 6. Secondary end-points included the PDAI at week 10. Safety was evaluated by analysing the adverse events, vital signs and laboratory parameters. RESULTS After 6 weeks of nightly alicaforsen enema, a statistically significant (n = 12, P = 0.001) reduction in the PDAI from baseline (11.42) to week 6 (6.83) was observed. Mean reductions in the endoscopy sub-score from baseline (5.25) to week 3 (3.08) and week 6 (2.58) were statistically significant (P = 0.0039 and P = 0.0005, respectively). The mean reductions in clinical symptom sub-score from baseline (3.75) to week 3 (2.33) and week 6 (2.25) were also statistically significant (P = 0.0156 and P = 0.0117, respectively). Ten of the 12 patients achieved a mucosal appearance score of 0 or 1 at endoscopy. Five of the 12 patients (42%) had a non-statistically significant decrease in the histology component of their PDAI from baseline to week 6. By week 6, seven of the 12 patients (58%) were in remission, as defined by PDAI < 7, with a mean decrease from baseline in PDAI score of six points. The alicaforsen enemas were well tolerated and no serious side-effects were noted. CONCLUSIONS Antisense enema to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 is safe and well tolerated. In an open-label trial, it appeared to improve the PDAI score, clinical symptoms and endoscopic mucosal appearance. It may also improve the histology. In the light of the responses observed in this trial, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial is warranted.
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Deasy J, Bradley J, El Naqa I, Bosch W, Vicic M, Purdy J. Risk of radiation pneumonitis classified via dosimetric parameters. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(03)01352-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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McGuckin J, Bradley J. Flying with Chronic Respiratory DIsease. Physiotherapy 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9406(05)61042-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has been proposed as a means to temporarily reverse or slow the progression of worsening respiratory failure in cystic fibrosis (CF). OBJECTIVES To compare the effect of NIV versus no NIV in people with CF. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group trials register which comprises references identified from comprehensive electronic database searches, handsearching relevant journals and abstract books of conference proceedings. The reference lists of each trial were searched for additional publications that may contain other trials. Date of most recent search: January 2002. SELECTION CRITERIA Relevant randomised controlled trials in which a form of pressure preset or volume preset NIV versus no NIV was used in people with acute or chronic respiratory failure in CF. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently assessed trials for inclusion criteria, methodological quality and data extraction. MAIN RESULTS Six trials were identified and four trials met the inclusion criteria with a total of 55 participants. All of these trials only evaluated single treatment sessions. Two trials (36 participants) evaluated the use of NIV for airway clearance compared with an alternative physiotherapy method. These trials showed that airway clearance may be easier and people with CF may prefer to use NIV for airway clearance. There was no evidence that NIV increases sputum expectoration or improves lung function. Two trials (19 participants) evaluated the use of NIV for overnight ventilatory support. Of the primary outcomes examined in this review, only lung function was evaluated within the two trials. Due to the small numbers of participants and the differing statistical techniques used within the review and the primary trials, there were discrepancies in the results obtained by the RevMan analysis and the original trial analysis. No clear differences were found between NIV compared with either oxygen or room air. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS Non-invasive ventilation may be a useful adjunct to other airway clearance techniques, particularly in people with CF who have difficulty expectorating sputum. Non-invasive ventilation when used in addition to oxygen may improve gas exchange during sleep to a greater extent than oxygen therapy alone in moderate to severe disease. These benefits of NIV have only been demonstrated in single treatment sessions and its efficacy, safety and acceptability in the longer term are unknown. There is a need for long-term randomised controlled trials to determine the clinical effects of non-invasive ventilation in CF.
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Bradley J, Lynam P, Gachara M, Matwale E, Dwyer J. Unmet family planning demand: evidence from two sites in Kenya. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY OF EASTERN AND CENTRAL AFRICA 2002; 11:20-3. [PMID: 12345810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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Bradley J, Deasy J, Bentzen S, Bosch W, Purdy J. Irradiated esophageal surface area predicts for esophagitis in patients treated for non-small cell carcinoma of the lung. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(02)03238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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MacArdle BM, Bailey C, Phelps PD, Bradley J, Brown T, Wheeler A. Cochlear implants in children with craniofacial syndromes: assessment and outcomes. Int J Audiol 2002; 41:347-56. [PMID: 12353607 DOI: 10.3109/14992020209090409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this retrospective study was to review the outcomes for children with craniofacial syndromes who had received a cochlear implant. The group comprised four children (three girls, one boy) aged between 3.3 and 10.1 years (mean 6.3 years) at time of implantation with the Cochlear CI-22M device. Two children had the CHARGE association. one had Goldenhar's syndrome and one had brachio-oculo-facial syndrome. All had full electrode insertion at time of surgery. At follow-up, three of the children demonstrated benefit in detection, recognition and identification of environmental sounds, and they continued to gain receptive spoken language skills, although none had intelligible speech. The group required careful mapping and higher levels of electrical stimulation of the implant compared to normal child implantees. Stimulation of the facial nerve was a problem with one child. The pre-implantation assessment of these children requires extensive interdisciplinary discussion and careful radiological investigation. Cases should be carefully selected. Parents should receive realistic counselling about outcomes and the time commitment necessary, as habilitation of these children can take twice as long as that of children without additional special needs. Post-implantation, these children continue to require well-coordinated medical and interdisciplinary management.
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Camenisch TD, Schroeder JA, Bradley J, Klewer SE, McDonald JA. Heart-valve mesenchyme formation is dependent on hyaluronan-augmented activation of ErbB2-ErbB3 receptors. Nat Med 2002; 8:850-5. [PMID: 12134143 DOI: 10.1038/nm742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heart septation and valve malformations constitute the most common anatomical birth defects. These structures arise from the endocardial cushions within the atrioventricular canal (AVC) through dynamic interactions between cushion cells and the extracellular matrix (termed cardiac jelly). Transformation of endothelial cells to mesenchymal cells is essential for the proper development of the AVC and subsequent septation and valve formation. Atrioventricular septal defects can result from incomplete endocardial cushion morphogenesis. We show that hyaluronan-deficient AVC explants from Has2(-/-) embryos, which normally lack mesenchyme formation, are rescued by heregulin treatment, which restores phosphorylation of ErbB2 and ErbB3. These events were blocked using a soluble ErbB3 molecule, as well as with an inhibitor of ErbB2, herstatin. We show further that ErbB3 is activated during hyaluronan treatment of Has2(-/-) explants. These data provide a link between extracellular matrix-hyaluronan and ErbB receptor activation during development of early heart-valve and septal mesenchyme.
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Raghu S, Clarke AR, Bradley J. Microbial mediation of fruit fly-host plant interactions: is the host plant the “centre of activity”? OIKOS 2002. [DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.970302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Michalski J, Purdy JA, Gaspar L, Souhami L, Ballow M, Bradley J, Chao CK, Crane C, Eisbruch A, Fallowil D, Forster K, Fowler J, Gillin MT, Graham ML, Harms WB, Huq MS, Kline RW, Mackie TR, Mukherji S, Podogorsak EB, Roach M, Ryu J, Sandler H, Schultz CJ, Schell M, Verhey LJ, Vicini F, Winter KA. Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. Research Plan 2002-2006. Image-Guided Radiation Therapy Committee. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2002; 51:60-5. [PMID: 11641018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Bynhardt R, Komaki R, Ettinger D, Johnstone D, Bradley J, Franko A, Gaspar L, Gillin M, Langer C, Layne E, Movsas B, Munden R, Sause W, Stern J, Hsu J, Hartsell W, Yesner R. Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. Research Plan 2002-2006. Lung Cancer Committee. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2002; 51:44-52. [PMID: 11641014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of bronchiectasis may result in the development of dyspnoea and decreased exercise tolerance, both of which can impact on a patient's quality of life and ability to perform activities of daily living. There is little information regarding the benefits of physical training in bronchiectasis: however it is probable that the benefits of physical training in bronchiectasis are at least comparable to benefits demonstrated in other respiratory conditions. There is also no information regarding the effects of non-adherence to prescribed physical training in bronchiectasis. However as in patients with COPD non-adherence may contribute to a deterioration in the patient's condition and conceivably the long term prognosis. OBJECTIVES The objective of this review is to determine whether a prescribed regime of physical training produces improvements or prevents deterioration in physiological and clinical outcomes in bronchiectasis compared to no physical training. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Airways Group specialised register and the Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trials Register. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised or quasi randomised controlled trials in which a prescribed regime of physical training are compared to no physical training in patients with bronchiectasis. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Three studies were identified. One was did not meet the inclusion criteria and two appeared in abstract form only. More comprehensive data will be incorporated into this review once data from those two trials are published, and when further data is made available to the authors of this review. MAIN RESULTS Results from the two studies published in abstract showed that inspiratory muscle training compared to sham or no inspiratory muscle training improved endurance exercise capacity: Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) 264 metres (95% CI 16.4 to 512 metres). PiMax improved: WMD 25 cms H20 (95% CI 11.6 to 38.4 cms H2O )as did quality of life measured with the CRQ: WMD 12.4 units (95% CI 2.4 to 22.5 units). REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS This review only provides evidence of the benefits of inspiratory muscle training and provides no evidence of the effect of other types of physical training (including pulmonary rehabilitation) in bronchiectasis.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical training may form an important part of the care package for patients with cystic fibrosis. OBJECTIVES To determine whether a prescribed regime of physical training produces improvement or prevents deterioration in physiological and clinical outcomes in cystic fibrosis compared to no training. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group specialist trials register which comprises references identified from comprehensive electronic database searches, handsearching relevant journals and handsearching abstract books of conference proceedings. Date of the most recent search: August 2001. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised controlled clinical trials in which a prescribed regime of physical training is compared to no physical training in patients with cystic fibrosis. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently selected trials for inclusion, assessed methodological quality and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS Of the sixteen trials identified six trials, which included 184 patients, met the inclusion criteria. Exercise tolerance in the short term, during an acute admission was improved in patients who received physical training. In a three year study there was no improvement in exercise tolerance at the end of the study period. Over three years there was a significantly greater mean annual rate of decline in FVC in the control group compared to the exercise group WMD 2.17 (95%CI 0.47, 3.87). Changes in other lung function parameters showed a similar trend, but these were not statistically significant. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS Conclusions about the efficacy of physical training in cystic fibrosis are limited by the small size, short duration and incomplete reporting of most of the trials included in this review. Physical training is already part of the care package offered to most patients with cystic fibrosis and there is no evidence to actively discourage this. Further research is needed to assess comprehensively the net benefit of the addition of physical training to the care of cystic fibrosis patients.
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Bradley J, Reuter D, Frings S. Facilitation of calmodulin-mediated odor adaptation by cAMP-gated channel subunits. Science 2001; 294:2176-8. [PMID: 11739960 DOI: 10.1126/science.1063415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) influx through Ca2+-permeable ion channels plays a pivotal role in a variety of neuronal signaling processes, and negative-feedback control of this influx by Ca2+ itself is often equally important for modulation of such signaling. Negative modulation by Ca2+ through calmodulin (CaM) on cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels underlies the adaptation of olfactory receptor neurons to odorants. We show that this feedback requires two additional subunits of the native olfactory channel, CNGA4 and CNGB1b, even though the machinery for CaM binding and modulation is present in the principal subunit CNGA2. This provides a rationale for the presence of three distinct subunits in the native olfactory channel and underscores the subtle link between the molecular make-up of an ion channel and the physiological function it subserves.
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Abstract
Presents the nomenclature for ion channel subunits. Role of ion channels in the mediation of visual and olfactory signal transduction; Expression of ion channels in cell types and tissues; Assessment on the nucleotide sensitivity, ion conductance and calcium modulation in heteromers.
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Bradley J, Dupree M. Opportunity on the edge of orthodoxy: medically qualified hydropathists in the era of reform, 1840-60. SOCIAL HISTORY OF MEDICINE : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE SOCIAL HISTORY OF MEDICINE 2001; 14:417-437. [PMID: 11811187 DOI: 10.1093/shm/14.3.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Following the lead of the Lancet's attacks in the 1840s, historians have considered hydropathy and hydropathists in Britain as part of fringe or heterodox medicine. Yet the distance between varieties of orthodox theory and practice and hydropathy was small, and many of the most prominent hydropathists held orthodox views and qualifications. Examining the educational backgrounds and careers of 40 early British hydropathists, the authors suggest that hydropathy and hydropathic establishments, like specialists hospitals, asylums, and spa practice, provided an alternative niche to general practice in the crowded British medical market and a way to 'fame and fortune' for medical men outside the metropolitan élite.
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Mansur D, Kong F, Klein E, Bradley J, Taylor M, Perez C, Glazer H, Zoberi I, Myerson R. Three dimensional localization of internal mammary and axillary lymphatic regions and the significance on optimized breast cancer treatment planning. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(01)02277-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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