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Erickson JD, Mulinare J, McClain PW, Fitch TG, James LM, McClearn AB, Adams MJ. Vietnam veterans' risks for fathering babies with birth defects. JAMA 1984; 252:903-12. [PMID: 6748190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Vietnam veterans' risks for fathering babies with major structural birth defects were assessed using a case-control study. Information regarding military service in Vietnam was obtained from interviews with mothers and fathers of babies in case and control groups and from review of military records. Vietnam veterans, in general, did not have an increased risk of fathering babies with defects (all types combined; relative risk estimate, 0.97). Vietnam veterans who had greater estimated opportunities for Agent Orange exposure did not seem to be at greater risk for fathering babies with all types of defects combined. However, for a few specific types of defects the estimated risks were higher for subgroups of Vietnam veterans that may have had a greater likelihood of exposure to Agent Orange. These seemingly higher risks could be chance events, the result of some experience in the Vietnam service of the father, or the result of some other unidentified risk factor.
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252
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Khoury MJ, Erickson JD, Adams MJ. Trends in postneonatal mortality in the United States. 1962 through 1978. JAMA 1984; 252:367-72. [PMID: 6737626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Trends in postneonatal mortality (PNM) rates in the United States were analyzed for the period 1962 through 1978 using National Center for Health Statistics birth and death certificate data. The PNM rates declined from 5.5 to 3.6 per 1,000 live births for whites and from 15.6 to 7.6 per 1,000 live births for blacks. Most of the decline in PNM rates could be accounted for by a drop in mortality from infectious diseases. A dramatic increase occurred in the reported rates of unexplained sudden infant death (SID), which emerged as the leading reported cause of PNM. The second leading cause of PNM was birth defects among whites and infectious diseases among blacks. Gaps in PNM continued to exist between whites and blacks, and between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. These gaps suggest that further improvement in PNM may be possible by improving access to health care. The massive increase in the rates of SID, although partially explained by coding or reporting phenomena, warrants active pursuit for a better pathophysiologic and etiologic delineation of the entity.
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253
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Adams MJ, Windham GC, James LM, Greenberg F, Clayton-Hopkins JA, Reimer CB, Oakley GP. Clinical interpretation of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein concentrations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984; 148:241-54. [PMID: 6198913 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9378(84)80062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein provide the basis for decisions to proceed to ultrasonography and amniocentesis in the multistaged screening/diagnostic process used for the prenatal detection of open neural tube defects, abdominal wall defects, and twins. The concentration of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein at or above which women should be advised that amniocentesis is available (cutoff levels for amniocentesis) varies, depending upon a number of factors, such as maternal weight, race, residence, and gestational age. We briefly describe a methodology for computing the predicted risks of fetal conditions associated with a given concentration of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein adjusted for important variables. This adjustment methodology provides a straightforward means for clinical laboratories to report results of assays of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein in terms of predicted risks, to facilitate understanding by the physician and patient of the clinical meaning of the results of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein testing.
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254
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Barcena JA, Pickersgill RW, Adams MJ, Phillips DC, Whatley FR. Crystallisation and preliminary X-ray data of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase from spinach. EMBO J 1983; 2:2363-7. [PMID: 16453489 PMCID: PMC555458 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01747.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystals of a tertiary complex of spinach ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase with the activators Mg and CO(2) have been grown. These crystals diffract strongly to 1.6 A resolution. The spacegroup is C222(1) with unit cell dimensions a = 158.6 A, b = 158.6 A, c = 203.4 A. Additional local symmetry is apparent in the pattern of absences and the intensity distribution of the X-ray precession photographs. The photographs have been interpreted in terms of a molecule (consisting of eight large and eight small subunits, L(8)S(8)) with 222 symmetry and a molecular centre shifted 2 A in the x direction from the origin of the unit cell. The asymmetric unit contains half the L(8)S(8) molecule. The intensity distribution suggests that the molecular symmetry does not deviate far from 422. These crystals are compared with other crystalline forms of the enzyme and the implications of these results are discussed.
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256
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Adams MJ, Gover S, Pickersgill RW, Helliwell JR. Structure--function relationships of NAD+- and NADP+-dependent dehydrogenases with particular reference to the three-dimensional structure of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Biochem Soc Trans 1983; 11:429-35. [PMID: 6617971 DOI: 10.1042/bst0110429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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257
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Adams MJ, Archibald IG, Bugg CE, Carne A, Gover S, Helliwell JR, Pickersgill RW, White SW. The three dimensional structure of sheep liver 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase at 2.6 A resolution. EMBO J 1983; 2:1009-14. [PMID: 6641716 PMCID: PMC555222 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01535.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The three-dimensional structure of sheep liver 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase has been determined at 2.6 A resolution by X-ray crystallographic studies. The amino acid sequence of the enzyme is now known and can be fitted to a modified electron density map. Use of 6 A electron density maps and the results of chemical modification experiments allows description of the active site and identification of residues which may be implicated in the binding of co-enzyme and substrate.
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258
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Adams MJ, Levy HR, Moffat K. Crystallization and preliminary x-ray data for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides. J Biol Chem 1983; 258:5867-8. [PMID: 6853553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides has been crystallized from phosphate buffer in a form suitable for x-ray crystallographic studies. The crystals diffract to better than 2.4 A. The spacegroup is P3121 (P3221) a = 105.8 A, c = 225.1 A, V = 2.18 X 10(6) A3. The asymmetric unit probably contains a single dimer.
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259
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Adams MJ, Levy HR, Moffat K. Crystallization and preliminary x-ray data for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(20)81975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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260
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Hadwiger LA, Beckman JM, Adams MJ. Localization of Fungal Components in the Pea-Fusarium Interaction Detected Immunochemically with Anti-chitosan and Anti-fungal Cell Wall Antisera. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1981; 67:170-5. [PMID: 16661621 PMCID: PMC425643 DOI: 10.1104/pp.67.1.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Antisera specific for purified cell walls of Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi and phaseoli and of shrimp shell chitosan were utilized as immunochemical probes to determine the location of fungal components in the pea-Fusarium interaction.Within 15 minutes after inoculation, fungal cell wall components appear to enter the plant cell and to accumulate inside the plant cell wall as fungal growth on the plant tissue is inhibited. The accumulation patterns of chitosan and all components containing hexosamine polymers resembled those of the fungal wall components.Chitosan is present on, and is released from, the outer surface of the fungal spore. Within 15 minutes after applying [(3)H]chitosan to the surface of the plant tissue, the label is readily detectable within the plant cytoplasm and conspicuously detectable within the plant nucleus. It is proposed that the potential for transport of chitosan between the spores of Fusarium solani and pea cells, in addition to its potential to inhibit fungal growth and elicit disease resistance responses, suggests chitosan has a major regulatory role in this host-parasite interaction.
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261
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Ankiewicz A, Adams MJ, Parsons NJ. Modes in graded noncircular multimode optical fibers. OPTICS LETTERS 1979; 4:414. [PMID: 19687923 DOI: 10.1364/ol.4.000414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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262
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Abdallah MA, Adams MJ, Archibald IG, Biellmann JF, Helliwell JR, Jenkins SE. Binding of coenzyme and substrate and coenzyme analogues to 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from sheep liver. An X-ray study at 0.6 nm resolution. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1979; 98:121-30. [PMID: 38116 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1979.tb13168.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The analogues of the coenzyme NADP+, nicotinamide--8-bromo-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (Nbr8ADP+) and 3-iodopyridine--adenine dinucleotide phosphate (io3PdADP+), were prepared. Nbr8ADP+ was found to be active in the hydrogen transfer adn io3PdADP+ is a coenzyme competitive inhibitor for 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. The binding of NADP+, NADPH and NADPH together with 6-phosphogluconate as well as that of both analogues to crystals of the enzyme 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase has been investigated at 0.6-nm resolution using difference electron density maps. The molecules bind in a similar position in a cleft in the enzyme subunit distant from the dimer interface. The orientation of the coenzyme in the site has been determined from the io3PdADP+ -NADP+ difference density. The ternary complex difference density extends beyond that of the nicotinamide moiety of the coenzyme and tentatively indicates substrate binding. No clear identification of the bromine atom of Nbr8ADP+ can be made. However, the analogue is bound more deeply in the cleft than is NADP+. The NADPH density is the most clearly defined and has thus been used to fit a molecular model using an interactive graphics system, checking for preferred geometry. A possible conformation is presented which is significantly different from that of NAD+ in the lactate dehydrogenase ternary complex.
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Adams MJ, Archibald IG, Helliwell JR, Jenkins SE. The crystal structure of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Biochem Soc Trans 1978; 6:1112-4. [PMID: 33854 DOI: 10.1042/bst0061112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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264
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Hadwiger LA, Adams MJ. Nuclear changes associated with the host-parasite interaction between Fusarium solani and peas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/0048-4059(78)90019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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265
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Adams MJ, Helliwell JR, Bugg CE. Sturucture of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from sheep liver at 6 A resolution. J Mol Biol 1977; 112:183-97. [PMID: 875016 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(77)80138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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266
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Griffiths P, Houlton A, Adams MJ, Harvey MJ, Dean PD. An examination of potential matrices for the affinity chromatography of NADP+-linked dehydrogenases with special reference to 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Biochem J 1977; 161:561-8. [PMID: 15550 PMCID: PMC1164542 DOI: 10.1042/bj1610561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
1. 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from sheep liver has been purified 350-fold by affinity chromatography with a final specific activity of 18 micronmol of NADP+/reduced min per mg of protein and an overall yield of greater than 40%. 2. A systematic investigation of potential ligands has been carried out: these included 6-phosphogluconate and NADP+, pyridoxal phosphate and several immobilized nucleotides. The results indicate that NADP+ is the most suitable ligand for the purification of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. 3. The effects of pH and alternative eluents have been examined in relation to the parameters known to affect the desorption phase of affinity chromatography; careful manipulation of the elution conditions permitted the separation of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from sheep liver on NADP+-Sepharose 4B. 4. A large-scale purification scheme for 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase is presented that uses the competitive inhibitors inorganic pyrophosphate and citrate as specific eluents.
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267
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White JL, Hackert ML, Buehner M, Adams MJ, Ford GC, Lentz PJ, Smiley IE, Steindel SJ, Rossmann MG. A comparison of the structures of apo dogfish M4 lactate dehydrogenase and its ternary complexes. J Mol Biol 1976; 102:759-79. [PMID: 940154 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(76)90290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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268
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Winstanley JV, Adams MJ. Point Visibility Meter: a forward scatter instrument for the measurement of aerosol extinction coefficient. APPLIED OPTICS 1975; 14:2151-2157. [PMID: 20154977 DOI: 10.1364/ao.14.002151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A new instrument for the measurement of atmospheric extinction coefficient-the Point Visibility Meter (PVM)-is introduced and its principle of operation discussed. The instrument measures the amount of light scattered at a particular forward scattering angle by haze or fog; the extinction coefficient sigma is then found from the empirical law relating sigma to the scatter at this angle. Detailed calculations of aerosol scattering properties using Mie theory are given to support this empirical law. Error estimates based on these calculations indicate rms errors of less than +/-12% for a range of sigma values 2-60 km(-1). Field trials of the instrument against standard transmissometers confirm these theoretical findings and show a linearity of instrumental output with extinction coefficient, with an rms error of +/-11.7%.
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269
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Hoornbeek FK, Adams MJ. Modification toward dominance of a recessive lethal in the mouse. J Hered 1975; 66:124-6. [PMID: 1176758 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a108592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the recessive siren (srn) gene singly in the presence of one Danforth's short tail (Sd) gene was to modify the expression of srn towards dominance with 46 percent penetrance. All mice that could be classified as sirens from srn/+ x Sd/+ matings had the Sd type short tail, indicating that interaction between Sd and srn was the principal cause for modification towards dominance of srn. External expressivity was variable in Sd srn pups, with true sirens, semi-sirens and apposed leg pups produced, each traceable to pelvic abnormalities. Variation in the urogenital system was similar to that found in siren pups with the srn/srn genotype.
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270
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Adams MJ, Baddiel CB, Ellis GE, Jones RG, Matheson AJ. Interaction of lithium salts with amides. Part 2.—Carbon-13 chemical shifts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1975. [DOI: 10.1039/f29757101823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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271
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Adams MJ, Baddiel CB, Jones RG, Matheson AJ. Interaction of lithium salts with amides. Part 1.—Ultrasonic relaxation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1039/f29747001114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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272
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Adams AD, Adams MJ, Rossmann MG, Goldenberg E. Letter: A crystalline form of testes-specific lactate dehydrogenase. J Mol Biol 1973; 78:721-2. [PMID: 4762925 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(73)90292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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273
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Adams MJ, Ford GC, Liljas A, Rossmann MG. Atomic co-ordinates for dogfish M4 apo-lactate dehydrogenase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1973; 53:46-51. [PMID: 4795361 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(73)91398-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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274
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Adams MJ, Buehner M, Chandrasekhar K, Ford GC, Hackert ML, Liljas A, Rossmann MG, Smiley IE, Allison WS, Everse J, Kaplan NO, Taylor SS. Structure-function relationships in lactate dehydrogenase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1973; 70:1968-72. [PMID: 4146647 PMCID: PMC433644 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.70.7.1968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The binding of coenzyme and substrate are considered in relation to the known primary and tertiary structure of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27). The adenine binds in a hydrophobic crevice, and the two coenzyme phosphates are oriented by interactions with the protein. The positively charged guanidinium group of arginine 101 then folds over the negatively charged phosphates, collapsing the loop region over the active center and positioning the unreactive B side of the nicotinamide in a hydrophobic protein environment. Collapse of the loop also introduces various charged groups into the vicinity of the substrate binding site. The substrate is situated between histidine 195 and the C4 position on the nicotinamide ring, and is partially oriented by interactions between its carboxyl group and arginine 171. The spatial arrangements of these groups may provide the specificity for the L-isomer of lactate.
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275
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Adams MJ, Liljas A, Rossman MG. Functional anion binding sites in dogfish M4 lactate dehydrogenase. J Mol Biol 1973; 76:519-28. [PMID: 4361659 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(73)90489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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