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Li N, Wang Y, Meng Y, Lv Y, Zhang S, Wei S, Ma P, Hu Y, Lin H. Structural and functional characterization of a new thermophilic-like OYE from Aspergillus flavus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:134. [PMID: 38229304 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12963-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Old yellow enzymes (OYEs) have been proven as powerful biocatalysts for the asymmetric reduction of activated alkenes. Fungi appear to be valuable sources of OYEs, but most of the fungal OYEs are unexplored. To expand the OYEs toolbox, a new thermophilic-like OYE (AfOYE1) was identified from Aspergillus flavus strain NRRL3357. The thermal stability analysis showed that the T1/2 of AfOYE1 was 60 °C, and it had the optimal temperature at 45 °C. Moreover, AfOYE1 exhibited high reduction activity in a wide pH range (pH 5.5-8.0). AfOYE1 could accept cyclic enones, acrylamide, nitroalkenes, and α, β-unsaturated aldehydes as substrates and had excellent enantioselectivity toward prochiral alkenes (> 99% ee). Interestingly, an unexpected (S)-stereoselectivity bioreduction toward 2-methylcyclohexenone was observed. The further crystal structure of AfOYE1 revealed that the "cap" region from Ala132 to Thr182, the loop of Ser316 to Gly325, α short helix of Arg371 to Gln375, and the C-terminal "finger" structure endow the catalytic cavity of AfOYE1 quite deep and narrow, and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) heavily buried at the bottom of the active site tunnel. Furthermore, the catalytic mechanism of AfOYE1 was also investigated, and the results confirmed that the residues His211, His214, and Tyr216 compose its catalytic triad. This newly identified thermophilic-like OYE would thus be valuable for asymmetric alkene hydrogenation in industrial processes. KEY POINTS: A new thermophilic-like OYE AfOYE1 was identified from Aspergillus flavus, and the T1/2 of AfOYE1 was 60 °C AfOYE1 catalyzed the reduction of 2-methylcyclohexenone with (S)-stereoselectivity The crystal structure of AfOYE1 was revealedv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan Unsssiversity of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan Unsssiversity of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yinyin Meng
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Bio-Based Products, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yangyong Lv
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan Unsssiversity of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shuaibing Zhang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan Unsssiversity of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shan Wei
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan Unsssiversity of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | | | - Yuansen Hu
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan Unsssiversity of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Hui Lin
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Bio-Based Products, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Li Z, Gao J, Wang B, Zhang H, Tian Y, Peng R, Yao Q. Ectopic expression of an Old Yellow Enzyme (OYE3) gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae increases the tolerance and phytoremediation of 2-nitroaniline in rice. Gene 2024; 906:148239. [PMID: 38325666 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
2-nitroaniline (2-NA) is an environmental pollutant and has been extensively used as intermediates in organic synthesis. The presence of 2-NA in the environment is not only harmful for aquatic life but also mutagenic for human beings. In this study, we constructed transgenic rice expressing an Old Yellow Enzyme gene, ScOYE3, from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The ScOYE3 transgenic plants were comprehensively investigated for their biochemical responses to 2-NA treatment and their 2-NA phytoremediation capabilities. Our results showed that the rice seedlings exposed to 2-NA stress, showed growth inhibition and biomass reduction. However, the transgenic plants exhibited strong tolerance to 2-NA stress compared to wild-type plants. Ectopic expression of ScOYE3 could effectively protect transgenic plants against 2-NA damage, which resulted in less reactive oxygen species accumulation in transgenic plants than that in wild-type plants. Our phytoremediation assay revealed that transgenic plants could eliminate more 2-NA from the medium than wild-type plants. Moreover, omics analysis was performed in order to get a deeper insight into the mechanism of ScOYE3-mediated 2-NA transformation in rice. Altogether, the function of ScOYE3 during 2-NA detoxification was characterized for the first time, which serves as strong theoretical support for the phytoremediation potential of 2-NA by Old Yellow Enzyme genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjun Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Rd, Shanghai 201106, PR China
| | - Jianjie Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Rd, Shanghai 201106, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Rd, Shanghai 201106, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Rd, Shanghai 201106, PR China
| | - Yongsheng Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Rd, Shanghai 201106, PR China.
| | - Rihe Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Rd, Shanghai 201106, PR China.
| | - Quanhong Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Rd, Shanghai 201106, PR China.
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Zhang J, Li Y, Gao H, Zhang H, Zhang X, Rao Z, Xu M. N-terminal truncation (N-) and directional proton transfer in an old yellow enzyme enables tunable efficient producing (R)- or (S)-citronellal. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130129. [PMID: 38354939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
(R)-Citronellal is a valuable molecule as the precursor for the industrial synthesis of (-)-menthol, one of the worldwide best-selling compounds in the flavors and fragrances field. However, its biocatalytic production, even from the optically pure substrate (E)-citral, is inherently limited by the activity of Old Yellow Enzyme (OYE). Herein, we rationally designed a different approach to increase the activity of OYE in biocatalytic production. The activity of OYE from Corynebacterium glutamicum (CgOYE) is increased, as well as superior thermal stability and pH tolerance via truncating the different lengths of regions at N-terminal of CgOYE. Next, we converted the truncation mutant N31-CgOYE, a protein involved in proton transfer for the asymmetric hydrogenation of CC bonds, into highly (R)- and (S)-stereoselective enzymes using only three mutations. The mixture of racemic (E/Z)-citral is reduced into the (R)-citronellal with ee and conversion up to 99 % by the mutant of CgOYE, overcoming the problem of the reduction for the mixtures of (E/Z)-citral in biocatalytic reaction. The present work provides a general and effective strategy for improving the activity of OYE, in which the partially conserved histidine residues provide "tunable gating" for the enantioselectivity for both the (R)- and (S)-isomerases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yueshu Li
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hui Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hengwei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Meijuan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China..
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Gangfuß A, Rating P, Ferreira T, Hentschel A, Marina AD, Kölbel H, Sickmann A, Abicht A, Kraft F, Ruck T, Böhm J, Schänzer A, Schara-Schmidt U, Neuhann TM, Horvath R, Roos A. A Homozygous NDUFS6 Variant Associated with Neuropathy and Optic Atrophy. J Neuromuscul Dis 2024; 11:485-491. [PMID: 38217609 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-230181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Background The NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6 (NDUFS6) gene encodes for an accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (complex I). Bi-allelic NDUFS6 variants have been linked with a severe disorder mostly reported as a lethal infantile mitochondrial disease (LMID) or Leigh syndrome (LS). Objective Here, we identified a homozygous variant (c.309 + 5 G > A) in NDUFS6 in one male patient with axonal neuropathy accompanied by loss of small fibers in skin biopsy and further complicated by optic atrophy and borderline intellectual disability. Methods To address the pathogenicity of the variant, biochemical studies (mtDNA copy number quantification, ELISA, Proteomic profiling) of patient-derived leukocytes were performed. Results The analyses revealed loss of NDUFS6 protein associated with a decrease of three further mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit/assembly proteins (NDUFA12, NDUFS4 and NDUFV1). Mitochondrial copy number is not altered in leukocytes and the mitochondrial biomarker GDF15 is not significantly changed in serum. Conclusions Hence, our combined clinical and biochemical data strengthen the concept of NDUFS6 being causative for a very rare form of axonal neuropathy associated with optic atrophy and borderline intellectual disability, and thus expand (i) the molecular genetic landscape of neuropathies and (ii) the clinical spectrum of NDUFS6-associated phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gangfuß
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp Rating
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tomas Ferreira
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andreas Hentschel
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V. Dortmund, Germany
| | - Adela Della Marina
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Heike Kölbel
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V. Dortmund, Germany
| | - Angela Abicht
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur Institute, Munich, Germany
- MGZ - Medizinisch Genetisches Zentrum, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Kraft
- Institute of Human Genetics und Genomic Medicine, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tobias Ruck
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johann Böhm
- IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), Inserm U1258, CNRS UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Anne Schänzer
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schara-Schmidt
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andreas Roos
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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5
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Li Y, Jia Y, Hou W, Wei Z, Wen X, Tian Y, Bai L, Wang X, Zhang T, Guo A, Du G, Ma Z, Tan H. De novo aging-related NADPH diaphorase positive megaloneurites in the sacral spinal cord of aged dogs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22193. [PMID: 38092874 PMCID: PMC10719289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49594-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated aging-related changes in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) in the spinal cord of aged dogs. At all levels of the spinal cord examined, NADPH-d activities were observed in neurons and fibers in the superficial dorsal horn (DH), dorsal gray commissure (DGC) and around the central canal (CC). A significant number of NADPH-d positive macro-diameter fibers, termed megaloneurites, were discovered in the sacral spinal cord (S1-S3) segments of aged dogs. The distribution of megaloneurites was characterized from the dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) into the superficial dorsal horn, along the lateral collateral pathway (LCP) to the region of sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN), DGC and around the CC, but not in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar segments. Double staining of NADPH-d histochemistry and immunofluorescence showed that NADPH-d positive megaloneurites co-localized with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) immunoreactivity. We believed that megaloneurites may in part represent visceral afferent projections to the SPN and/or DGC. The NADPH-d megaloneurites in the aged sacral spinal cord indicated some anomalous changes in the neurites, which might account for a disturbance in the aging pathway of the autonomic and sensory nerve in the pelvic visceral organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhua Li
- College of Physical Education and Sports Rehabilitation, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
- Department of Anatomy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Yunge Jia
- Department of Anatomy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
- Department of Pathology, Heji Hospital Affiliated of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 040611, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei Hou
- Department of Anatomy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
- Department of Neurology, Suizhou Central Hospital, Wuhan, 441300, China
| | - Zichun Wei
- Department of Anatomy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoxin Wen
- Department of Anatomy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Anatomy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Lu Bai
- Department of Anatomy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinghang Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Anchen Guo
- Laboratory of Clinical Medicine Research, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guanghui Du
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuang Ma
- College of Physical Education and Sports Rehabilitation, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Huibing Tan
- Department of Anatomy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China.
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Zouridakis A, Ayala I, Minogue G, Kawles A, Keszycki R, Macomber A, Bigio E, Geula C, Mesulam MM, Gefen T. Shades of gray in human white matter. J Comp Neurol 2023; 531:2109-2120. [PMID: 37376715 PMCID: PMC10751392 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Anatomists have long expressed interest in neurons of the white matter, which is by definition supposed to be free of neurons. Hypotheses regarding their biochemical signature and physiological function are mainly derived from animal models. Here, we investigated 15 whole-brain human postmortem specimens, including cognitively normal cases and those with pathologic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to investigate differences in neuronal size and density, and the relationship between neuronal processes and vasculature. Double staining was used to evaluate colocalization of neurochemicals. Two topographically distinct populations of neurons emerged: one appearing to arise from developmental subplate neurons and the other embedded within deep, subcortical white matter. Both populations appeared to be neurochemically heterogeneous, showing positive reactivity to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) [but not choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)], neuronal nuclei (NeuN), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d), microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2), somatostatin (SOM), nonphosphorylated neurofilament protein (SMI-32), and calcium-binding proteins calbindin-D28K (CB), calretinin (CRT), and parvalbumin (PV). PV was more richly expressed in superficial as opposed to deep white matter neurons (WMNs); subplate neurons were also significantly larger than their deeper counterparts. NADPH-d, a surrogate for nitric oxide synthase, allowed for the striking morphological visualization of subcortical WMNs. NADPH-d-positive subcortical neurons tended to embrace the outer walls of microvessels, suggesting a functional role in vasodilation. The presence of AChE positivity in these neurons, but not ChAT, suggests that they are cholinoceptive but noncholinergic. WMNs were also significantly smaller in AD compared to control cases. These observations provide a landscape for future systematic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Zouridakis
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ivan Ayala
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Grace Minogue
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Allegra Kawles
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rachel Keszycki
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alyssa Macomber
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eileen Bigio
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Changiz Geula
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M.-Marsel Mesulam
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tamar Gefen
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Wu S, Wang Q, Ma X, Qiu L, Yan H. Modulation of the catalytic performance of OYE3 by engineering key residues at the entrance of the catalytic pocket. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:1720-1730. [PMID: 37073879 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The amino acid residues at the entrance of the catalytic pocket may impose steric hindrance on the substrate to enter the active center of the enzyme. Based on the analysis of the three-dimensional structure of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae old yellow enzyme 3 (OYE3), four bulky residues were chosen and mutated to small amino acids. The results showed that mutation of the W116 residue had interesting impacts on the catalytic performance. All four variants became inactive for the reduction of (R)-carvone and (S)-carvone, but inverted the stereoselectivity for the reduction of (E/Z)-citral. The mutation of the F250 residue had a more positive effect on the activity and stereoselectivity. Two variants, F250A and F250S, showed excellent diastereoselectivity and activity for the reduction of (R)-carvone (de > 99%, c > 99%) and increased diastereoselectivity and activity for the reduction of (S)-carvone (de > 96%, c > 80%). One variant of the P295 residue, P295G, displayed excellent diastereoselectivity and activity only for the reduction of (R)-carvone (de > 99%, c > 99%). Mutation of the Y375 residue had a negative impact on the activity of the enzyme. These findings provide some solutions for rational enzyme engineering of OYE3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijin Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lequan Qiu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongde Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, China
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Khatibi VA, Rahdar M, Rezaei M, Davoudi S, Nazari M, Mohammadi M, Raoufy MR, Mirnajafi-Zadeh J, Hosseinmardi N, Behzadi G, Janahmadi M. The Glycolysis Inhibitor 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Exerts Different Neuronal Effects at Circuit and Cellular Levels, Partially Reverses Behavioral Alterations and does not Prevent NADPH Diaphorase Activity Reduction in the Intrahippocampal Kainic Acid Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:210-228. [PMID: 36064822 PMCID: PMC9444119 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03740-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most drug-resistant type with the highest incidence among the other focal epilepsies. Metabolic manipulations are of great interest among others, glycolysis inhibitors like 2-deoxy D-glucose (2-DG) being the most promising intervention. Here, we sought to investigate the effects of 2-DG treatment on cellular and circuit level electrophysiological properties using patch-clamp and local field potentials recordings and behavioral alterations such as depression and anxiety behaviors, and changes in nitric oxide signaling in the intrahippocampal kainic acid model. We found that epileptic animals were less anxious, more depressed, with more locomotion activity. Interestingly, by masking the effect of increased locomotor activity on the parameters of the zero-maze test, no altered anxiety behavior was noted in epileptic animals. However, 2-DG could partially reverse the behavioral changes induced by kainic acid. The findings also showed that 2-DG treatment partially suppresses cellular level alterations while failing to reverse circuit-level changes resulting from kainic acid injection. Analysis of NADPH-diaphorase positive neurons in the CA1 area of the hippocampus revealed that the number of positive neurons was significantly reduced in dorsal CA1 of the epileptic animals and 2-DG treatment did not affect the diminishing effect of kainic acid on NADPH-d+ neurons in the CA1 area. In the control group receiving 2-DG, however, an augmented NADPH-d+ cell number was noted. These data suggest that 2-DG cannot suppress epileptiform activity at the circuit-level in this model of epilepsy and therefore, may fail to control the seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Ahli Khatibi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Rahdar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rezaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Davoudi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Nazari
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mohammad Mohammadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohammad Reza Raoufy
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Hosseinmardi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gila Behzadi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahyar Janahmadi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Seiml-Buchinger V, Reifschneider E, Bittner A, Baier M. Ascorbate peroxidase postcold regulation of chloroplast NADPH dehydrogenase activity controls cold memory. Plant Physiol 2022; 190:1997-2016. [PMID: 35946757 PMCID: PMC9614503 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to 4°C imprints a cold memory that modulates gene expression in response to a second (triggering) stress stimulus applied several days later. Comparison of plastid transcriptomes of cold-primed and control plants directly before they were exposed to the triggering stimulus showed downregulation of several subunits of chloroplast NADPH dehydrogenase (NDH) and regulatory subunits of ATP synthase. NDH is, like proton gradient 5 (PGR5)-PGR5-like1 (PGRL1), a thylakoid-embedded, ferredoxin-dependent plastoquinone reductase that protects photosystem I and stabilizes ATP synthesis by cyclic electron transport (CET). Like PGRL1A and PGRL1B transcript levels, ndhA and ndhD transcript levels decreased during the 24-h long priming cold treatment. PGRL1 transcript levels were quickly reset in the postcold phase, but expression of ndhA remained low. The transcript abundances of other ndh genes decreased within the next days. Comparison of thylakoid-bound ascorbate peroxidase (tAPX)-free and transiently tAPX-overexpressing or tAPX-downregulating Arabidopsis lines demonstrated that ndh expression is suppressed by postcold induction of tAPX. Four days after cold priming, when tAPX protein accumulation was maximal, NDH activity was almost fully lost. Lack of the NdhH-folding chaperonin Crr27 (Cpn60β4), but not lack of the NDH activity modulating subunits NdhM, NdhO, or photosynthetic NDH subcomplex B2 (PnsB2), strengthened priming regulation of zinc finger of A. thaliana 10, which is a nuclear-localized target gene of the tAPX-dependent cold-priming pathway. We conclude that cold-priming modifies chloroplast-to-nucleus stress signaling by tAPX-mediated suppression of NDH-dependent CET and that plastid-encoded NdhH, which controls subcomplex A assembly, is of special importance for memory stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Seiml-Buchinger
- Plant Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Berlin 14195,Germany
| | - Elena Reifschneider
- Plant Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Berlin 14195,Germany
| | - Andras Bittner
- Plant Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Berlin 14195,Germany
| | - Margarete Baier
- Plant Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Berlin 14195,Germany
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10
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Kumar R, Das J, Mahto JK, Sharma M, Vivek S, Kumar P, Sharma AK. Crystal structure and molecular characterization of NADP +-farnesol dehydrogenase from cotton bollworm, Helicoverpaarmigera. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 147:103812. [PMID: 35820537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Farnesol dehydrogenase (FDL) orchestrates the oxidation reaction catalyzing farnesol to farnesal, a key step in the juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis pathway of insects and hence, represents a lucrative target for developing insect growth regulators (IGRs). However, information on the structural and functional characterization of JH-specific farnesol dehydrogenase in insects remains elusive. Herein, we identified a transcript that encodes farnesol dehydrogenase (HaFDL) from Helicoverpa armigera, a major pest of cotton. The investigations of molecular assembly, biochemical analysis and spatio-temporal expression profiling showed that HaFDL exists as a soluble homo-tetrameric form, exhibits a broad substrate affinity and is involved in the JH-specific farnesol oxidation in H. armigera. Additionally, the study presents the first crystal structure of the HaFDL-NADP enzyme complex determined at 1.6 Å resolution. Structural analysis revealed that HaFDL belongs to the NADP-specific cP2 subfamily of the classical short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family and exhibits typical structural features of those enzymes including the conserved nucleotide-binding Rossman-fold. The isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) showed a high binding affinity (dissociation constant, Kd, 3.43 μM) of NADP to the enzyme. Comparative structural analysis showed a distinct substrate-binding pocket (SBP) loop with a spacious and hydrophobic substrate-binding pocket in HaFDL, consistent with the biochemically observed promiscuous substrate specificity. Finally, based on the crystal structure, substrate modeling and structural comparison with homologs, a two-step reaction mechanism is proposed. Overall, the findings significantly impact and contribute to our understanding of farnesol dehydrogenase functional properties in JH biosynthesis in H. armigera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India; ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, India
| | - Joy Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India; ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, India
| | - Jai Krishna Mahto
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India
| | - Monica Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India
| | - Shah Vivek
- ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, India
| | - Pravindra Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India.
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11
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Robescu MS, Loprete G, Gasparotto M, Vascon F, Filippini F, Cendron L, Bergantino E. The Family Keeps on Growing: Four Novel Fungal OYEs Characterized. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063050. [PMID: 35328465 PMCID: PMC8954901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming at expanding the portfolio of Old Yellow Enzymes (OYEs), which have been systematically studied to be employed in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries as useful biocatalysts, we decided to explore the immense reservoir of filamentous fungi. We drew from the genome of the two Ascomycetes Aspergillus niger and Botryotinia fuckeliana four new members of the OYE superfamily belonging to the classical and thermophilic-like subfamilies. The two BfOYEs show wider substrate spectra than the AnOYE homologues, which appear as more specialized biocatalysts. According to their mesophilic origins, the new enzymes neither show high thermostability nor extreme pH optimums. The crystal structures of BfOYE4 and AnOYE8 have been determined, revealing the conserved features of the thermophilic-like subclass as well as unique properties, such as a peculiar N-terminal loop involved in dimer surface interactions. For the classical representatives BfOYE1 and AnOYE2, model structures were built and analyzed, showing surprisingly wide open access to the active site cavities due to a shorter β6-loop and a disordered capping subdomain.
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12
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Elstner M, Olszewski K, Prokisch H, Klopstock T, Murgia M. Multi-Omics Approach to Mitochondrial DNA Damage in Human Muscle Fibers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011080. [PMID: 34681740 PMCID: PMC8537949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA deletions affect energy metabolism at tissue-specific and cell-specific threshold levels, but the pathophysiological mechanisms determining cell fate remain poorly understood. Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) is caused by mtDNA deletions and characterized by a mosaic distribution of muscle fibers with defective cytochrome oxidase (COX) activity, interspersed among fibers with retained functional respiratory chain. We used diagnostic histochemistry to distinguish COX-negative from COX-positive fibers in nine muscle biopsies from CPEO patients and performed laser capture microdissection (LCM) coupled to genome-wide gene expression analysis. To gain molecular insight into the pathogenesis, we applied network and pathway analysis to highlight molecular differences of the COX-positive and COX-negative fiber transcriptome. We then integrated our results with proteomics data that we previously obtained comparing COX-positive and COX-negative fiber sections from three other patients. By virtue of the combination of LCM and a multi-omics approach, we here provide a comprehensive resource to tackle the pathogenic changes leading to progressive respiratory chain deficiency and disease in mitochondrial deletion syndromes. Our data show that COX-negative fibers upregulate transcripts involved in translational elongation and protein synthesis. Furthermore, based on functional annotation analysis, we find that mitochondrial transcripts are the most enriched among those with significantly different expression between COX-positive and COX-negative fibers, indicating that our unbiased large-scale approach resolves the core of the pathogenic changes. Further enrichments include transcripts encoding LIM domain proteins, ubiquitin ligases, proteins involved in RNA turnover, and, interestingly, cell cycle arrest and cell death. These pathways may thus have a functional association to the molecular pathogenesis of the disease. Overall, the transcriptome and proteome show a low degree of correlation in CPEO patients, suggesting a relevant contribution of post-transcriptional mechanisms in shaping this disease phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Elstner
- Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Konrad Olszewski
- Center for Addictive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany;
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81675 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Marta Murgia
- Department of Proteomics a Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82352 Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence:
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13
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Khlopkov A, Sherstneva O, Ladeynova M, Grinberg M, Yudina L, Sukhov V, Vodeneev V. Participation of calcium ions in induction of respiratory response caused by variation potential in pea seedlings. Plant Signal Behav 2021; 16:1869415. [PMID: 33404323 PMCID: PMC7971294 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1869415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Electrical signals in plants caused by external stimuli are capable of inducing various physiological responses. The mechanisms of transformation of a long-distance electrical signal (ES) into a functional response remain largely unexplored and require additional research. In this work, we investigated the role of calcium ions in the development of ES-induced respiratory response. Gradual heating of the leaf causes the propagation of variation potential (VP) in the pea seedling. The propagation of VP leads to a transient activation of respiration in an unaffected leaf. During the VP generation, a transient increase in the intracellular calcium concentration takes place. A calcium channel blocker inhibits the respiratory response, and a calcium ionophore induces the activation of respiration. Inhibitory analysis has showed that the VP-induced increase in respiration activity is probably associated with calcium-mediated activation of rotenone-insensitive alternative NADPH dehydrogenases in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Khlopkov
- Department of Biophysics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Oksana Sherstneva
- Department of Biophysics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maria Ladeynova
- Department of Biophysics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Marina Grinberg
- Department of Biophysics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Lyubov Yudina
- Department of Biophysics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vladimir Sukhov
- Department of Biophysics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vladimir Vodeneev
- Department of Biophysics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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14
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Liu Y, Mei Y, Han X, Korobova FV, Prado MA, Yang J, Peng Z, Paulo JA, Gygi SP, Finley D, Ji P. Membrane skeleton modulates erythroid proteome remodeling and organelle clearance. Blood 2021; 137:398-409. [PMID: 33036023 PMCID: PMC7819763 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020006673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The final stages of mammalian erythropoiesis involve enucleation, membrane and proteome remodeling, and organelle clearance. Concomitantly, the erythroid membrane skeleton establishes a unique pseudohexagonal spectrin meshwork that is connected to the membrane through junctional complexes. The mechanism and signaling pathways involved in the coordination of these processes are unclear. The results of our study revealed an unexpected role of the membrane skeleton in the modulation of proteome remodeling and organelle clearance during the final stages of erythropoiesis. We found that diaphanous-related formin mDia2 is a master regulator of the integrity of the membrane skeleton through polymerization of actin protofilament in the junctional complex. The mDia2-deficient terminal erythroid cell contained a disorganized and rigid membrane skeleton that was ineffective in detaching the extruded nucleus. In addition, the disrupted skeleton failed to activate the endosomal sorting complex required for transport-III (ESCRT-III) complex, which led to a global defect in proteome remodeling, endolysosomal trafficking, and autophagic organelle clearance. Chmp5, a component of the ESCRT-III complex, is regulated by mDia2-dependent activation of the serum response factor and is essential for membrane remodeling and autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Mice with loss of Chmp5 in hematopoietic cells in vivo resembled the phenotypes in mDia2-knockout mice. Furthermore, overexpression of Chmp5 in mDia2-deficient hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells significantly restored terminal erythropoiesis in vivo. These findings reveal a formin-regulated signaling pathway that connects the membrane skeleton to proteome remodeling, enucleation, and organelle clearance during terminal erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Liu
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Yang Mei
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Farida V Korobova
- Center for Advanced Microscopy, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Miguel A Prado
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Zhangli Peng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Daniel Finley
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
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15
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Freire MAM, Lima RR, Nascimento PC, Gomes-Leal W, Pereira A. Effects of methylmercury on the pattern of NADPH diaphorase expression and astrocytic activation in the rat. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 201:110799. [PMID: 32544743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is an environmental contaminant that poses great risk to human health. However, it is still widely used in artisanal gold-mining enterprises around the world, especially in developing countries. Methylmercury (MeHg) is produced environmentally by biomethylation of inorganic Hg present in water sediments, leading to its subsequent accumulation in the aquatic food chain. Due to its high metabolic rate, the Central Nervous System (CNS) is one of the main targets of MeHg. In the present study, we investigate the impact of chronic MeHg intoxication on NADPH diaphorase (NADPH-d) activity and astrocyte mobilization in the visual cortex of the rat. After 60 days of MeHg administration by oral gavage (0.04 mg/kg/day), tissue samples containing the visual cortex were submitted to measurements of Hg levels, NADPH-d activity, and GFAP immunohistochemistry for identification of astrocytes. MeHg intoxication was associated with increased Hg deposits and with reduced NADPH-d neuropil reactivity in the visual cortex. A morphometric analysis suggested that NADPH-d-positive neurons were mostly spared from MeHg harmful action and intoxicated animals had astrocytic activation similar to the control group. The decrease in NADPH-d neuropil reactivity may be due to the negative effect of chronic MeHg poisoning on both the synthesis and transport of this enzyme in afferent pathways to the visual cortex. The relative resistance of NADPH-d-reactive neurons to chronic MeHg intoxication may be associated with peculiarities in cell metabolism or to a protective role of nitric oxide, safeguarding those neurons from Hg deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Aurelio M Freire
- Graduate Program in Health and Society, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Priscila Cunha Nascimento
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Walace Gomes-Leal
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Antonio Pereira
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil.
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16
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Fatunmbi O, Bradley RP, Kandy SK, Bucki R, Janmey PA, Radhakrishnan R. A multiscale biophysical model for the recruitment of actin nucleating proteins at the membrane interface. Soft Matter 2020; 16:4941-4954. [PMID: 32436537 PMCID: PMC7373224 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00267d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics and organization of the actin cytoskeleton are crucial to many cellular events such as motility, polarization, cell shaping, and cell division. The intracellular and extracellular signaling associated with this cytoskeletal network is communicated through cell membranes. Hence the organization of membrane macromolecules and actin filament assembly are highly interdependent. Although the actin-membrane linkage is known to happen through many routes, the major class of interactions is through the direct interaction of actin-binding proteins with the lipid class containing poly-phosphatidylinositols (PPIs). Among the PPIs, phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) acts as a significant factor controlling actin polymerization in the proximity of the membrane by binding to actin-associated proteins. The molecular interactions between these actin-binding proteins and the membrane lipids remain elusive. Here, using molecular modeling, analytical theory, and experimental methods, we investigate the binding of three different actin-binding proteins, mDia2, NWASP, and gelsolin, to membranes containing PI(4,5)P2 lipids. We perform molecular dynamics simulations on the protein-bilayer system and analyze the membrane binding in the form of hydrogen bonds and salt bridges at various PI(4,5)P2 and cholesterol concentrations. Our experimental study with PI(4,5)P2-containing large unilamellar vesicles mimics the computational experiments. Using the multivalencies of the proteins obtained in molecular simulations and the cooperative binding mechanisms of the proteins, we also propose a multivalent binding model that predicts the actin filament distributions at various PI(4,5)P2 and protein concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ololade Fatunmbi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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17
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Sweetman C, Miller TK, Booth NJ, Shavrukov Y, Jenkins CL, Soole KL, Day DA. Identification of Alternative Mitochondrial Electron Transport Pathway Components in Chickpea Indicates a Differential Response to Salinity Stress between Cultivars. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3844. [PMID: 32481694 PMCID: PMC7312301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
All plants contain an alternative electron transport pathway (AP) in their mitochondria, consisting of the alternative oxidase (AOX) and type 2 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (ND) families, that are thought to play a role in controlling oxidative stress responses at the cellular level. These alternative electron transport components have been extensively studied in plants like Arabidopsis and stress inducible isoforms identified, but we know very little about them in the important crop plant chickpea. Here we identify AP components in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and explore their response to stress at the transcript level. Based on sequence similarity with the functionally characterized proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana, five putative internal (matrix)-facing NAD(P)H dehydrogenases (CaNDA1-4 and CaNDC1) and four putative external (inter-membrane space)-facing NAD(P)H dehydrogenases (CaNDB1-4) were identified in chickpea. The corresponding activities were demonstrated for the first time in purified mitochondria of chickpea leaves and roots. Oxidation of matrix NADH generated from malate or glycine in the presence of the Complex I inhibitor rotenone was high compared to other plant species, as was oxidation of exogenous NAD(P)H. In leaf mitochondria, external NADH oxidation was stimulated by exogenous calcium and external NADPH oxidation was essentially calcium dependent. However, in roots these activities were low and largely calcium independent. A salinity experiment with six chickpea cultivars was used to identify salt-responsive alternative oxidase and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase gene transcripts in leaves from a three-point time series. An analysis of the Na:K ratio and Na content separated these cultivars into high and low Na accumulators. In the high Na accumulators, there was a significant up-regulation of CaAOX1, CaNDB2, CaNDB4, CaNDA3 and CaNDC1 in leaf tissue under long term stress, suggesting the formation of a stress-modified form of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) in leaves of these cultivars. In particular, stress-induced expression of the CaNDB2 gene showed a striking positive correlation with that of CaAOX1 across all genotypes and time points. The coordinated salinity-induced up-regulation of CaAOX1 and CaNDB2 suggests that the mitochondrial alternative pathway of respiration is an important facet of the stress response in chickpea, in high Na accumulators in particular, despite high capacities for both of these activities in leaf mitochondria of non-stressed chickpeas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Sweetman
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 5100, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia; (T.K.M.); (N.J.B.); (Y.S.); (C.L.D.J.); (K.L.S.); (D.A.D.)
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18
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Rauch MCR, Gallou Y, Delorme L, Paul CE, Arends IWCE, Hollmann F. Metals in Biotechnology: Cr-Driven Stereoselective Reduction of Conjugated C=C Double Bonds. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1112-1115. [PMID: 31713969 PMCID: PMC7217005 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Elemental metals are shown to be suitable sacrificial electron donors to drive the stereoselective reduction of conjugated C=C double bonds using Old Yellow Enzymes as catalysts. Both direct electron transfer from the metal to the enzyme as well as mediated electron transfer is feasible, although the latter excels by higher reaction rates. The general applicability of this new chemoenzymatic reduction method is demonstrated, and current limitations are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine C. R. Rauch
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629HZDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Yann Gallou
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629HZDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Léna Delorme
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629HZDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Caroline E. Paul
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629HZDelftThe Netherlands
| | | | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629HZDelftThe Netherlands
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19
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Lu J, Yin Z, Lu T, Yang X, Wang F, Qi M, Li T, Liu Y. Cyclic electron flow modulate the linear electron flow and reactive oxygen species in tomato leaves under high temperature. Plant Sci 2020; 292:110387. [PMID: 32005392 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I (PSI) plays a crucial role in photosynthesis and also functions in plant tolerance of abiotic environmental stress. However, the role of PGR5/PGRL1- and NDH-dependent CEF in tomato under hightemperature (HT) is poorly understood. Here, we assessed the photoprotective effect of these pathways in tomato leaves under HT by using antimycin A (AA) and rotenone (R), which are chemical inhibitors of PGR5/PGRL1- and NDH-dependent CEF, respectively. The results showed that AA treatment caused significantly greater inhibition of CEF under HT compared to R treatment. Moreover, AA treatment caused a greater decrease in maximal photochemistry efficiency (Fv/Fm) and increased damage to the donor and acceptor side of photosystem II (PSII); however, the limitation of the acceptor side in PSI [Y(NA)] was significantly increased. In addition, thylakoid membrane integrity was compromised and reactive oxygen species, proton gradient (ΔpH), antioxidant enzyme activity, and the expression of photosystem core subunit genes were significantly decreased under AA treatment. These findings indicate that PGR5/PGRL1-dependent CEF protects PSII and PSI from photooxidative damage through the formation of ΔpH while maintaining thylakoid membrane integrity and normal gene expression levels of core photosystem components. This study demonstrates that PGR5/PGRL1-dependent CEF plays a major role in HT response in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhi Lu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110866, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Zepeng Yin
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110866, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Genetic Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110866, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110866, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Mingfang Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110866, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Tianlai Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110866, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110866, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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20
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Atanasova DY, Dandov AD, Dimitrov ND, Lazarov NE. Histochemical and immunohistochemical localization of nitrergic structures in the carotid body of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151500. [PMID: 31918956 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.151500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The carotid body (CB) is a multipurpose metabolic sensor that acts to initiate cardiorespiratory reflex adjustments to maintain homeostasis of blood-borne chemicals. Emerging evidence suggests that nitric oxide increases the CB chemosensory activity and this enhanced peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity contributes to sympathoexcitation and consequent pathology. The aim of this study was to examine by means of NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunohistochemistry the presence and distribution of nitrergic structures in the CB of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and to compare their expression patterns to that of age-matched normotensive Wistar rats (NWRs). Histochemistry revealed that the chemosensory glomus cells were NADPH-d-negative but were encircled by fine positive varicosities, which were also dispersed in the stroma around the glomeruli. The NADPH-d-reactive fibers showed the same distributional pattern in the CB of SHRs, however their staining activity was weaker when compared with NWRs. Thin periglomerular, intraglomerular and perivascular varicose fibers, but not glomus or sustentacular cells in the hypertensive CB, constitutively expressed two isoforms of NOS, nNOS and eNOS. In addition, clusters of glomus cells and blood vessels in the CB of SHRs exhibited moderate immunoreactivity for the third known NOS isoenzyme, iNOS. The present study demonstrates that in the hypertensive CB nNOS and eNOS protein expression shows statistically significant down-regulation whereas iNOS expression is up-regulated in the glomic tissue compared to normotensive controls. Our results suggest that impaired NO synthesis could contribute to elevated blood pressure in rats via an increase in chemoexcitation and sympathetic nerve activity in the CB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrinka Y Atanasova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
| | - Angel D Dandov
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Nikolay D Dimitrov
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
| | - Nikolai E Lazarov
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Robescu MS, Niero M, Hall M, Cendron L, Bergantino E. Two new ene-reductases from photosynthetic extremophiles enlarge the panel of old yellow enzymes: CtOYE and GsOYE. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:2051-2066. [PMID: 31930452 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10287-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Looking for new ene-reductases with uncovered features beneficial for biotechnological applications, by mining genomes of photosynthetic extremophile organisms, we identified two new Old Yellow Enzyme homologues: CtOYE, deriving from the cyanobacterium Chroococcidiopsis thermalis, and GsOYE, from the alga Galdieria sulphuraria. Both enzymes were produced and purified with very good yields and displayed catalytic activity on a broad substrate spectrum by reducing α,β-unsaturated ketones, aldehydes, maleimides and nitroalkenes with good to excellent stereoselectivity. Both enzymes prefer NADPH but demonstrate a good acceptance of NADH as cofactor. CtOYE and GsOYE represent robust biocatalysts showing high thermostability, a wide range of pH optimum and good co-solvent tolerance. High resolution X-ray crystal structures of both enzymes have been determined, revealing conserved features of the classical OYE subfamily as well as unique properties, such as a very long loop entering the active site or an additional C-terminal alpha helix in GsOYE. Not surprisingly, the active site of CtOYE and GsOYE structures revealed high affinity toward anions caught from the mother liquor and trapped in the anion hole where electron-withdrawing groups such as carbonyl group are engaged. Ligands (para-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-methyl-cyclopenten-1-one) added on purpose to study complexes of GsOYE were detected in the enzyme catalytic cavity, stacking on top of the FMN cofactor, and support the key role of conserved residues and FMN cofactor in the catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Simona Robescu
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Mattia Niero
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Mélanie Hall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Laura Cendron
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Bergantino
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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22
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Sankaran JS, Sen B, Dudakovic A, Paradise CR, Perdue T, Xie Z, McGrath C, Styner M, Newberg J, Uzer G, van Wijnen AJ, Rubin J. Knockdown of formin mDia2 alters lamin B1 levels and increases osteogenesis in stem cells. Stem Cells 2020; 38:102-117. [PMID: 31648392 PMCID: PMC6993926 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear actin plays a critical role in mediating mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) fate commitment. In marrow-derived MSCs, the principal diaphanous-related formin Diaph3 (mDia2) is present in the nucleus and regulates intranuclear actin polymerization, whereas Diaph1 (mDia1) is localized to the cytoplasm and controls cytoplasmic actin polymerization. We here show that mDia2 can be used as a tool to query actin-lamin nucleoskeletal structure. Silencing mDia2 affected the nucleoskeletal lamin scaffold, altering nuclear morphology without affecting cytoplasmic actin cytoskeleton, and promoted MSC differentiation. Attempting to target intranuclear actin polymerization by silencing mDia2 led to a profound loss in lamin B1 nuclear envelope structure and integrity, increased nuclear height, and reduced nuclear stiffness without compensatory changes in other actin nucleation factors. Loss of mDia2 with the associated loss in lamin B1 promoted Runx2 transcription and robust osteogenic differentiation and suppressed adipogenic differentiation. Hence, mDia2 is a potent tool to query intranuclear actin-lamin nucleoskeletal structure, and its presence serves to retain multipotent stromal cells in an undifferentiated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyantt S. Sankaran
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel
Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Buer Sen
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel
Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Christopher R. Paradise
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Center for
Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tony Perdue
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Chapel
Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Zhihui Xie
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel
Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Cody McGrath
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel
Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Maya Styner
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel
Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Joshua Newberg
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise
State University, Boise, Idaho
| | - Gunes Uzer
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise
State University, Boise, Idaho
| | - Andre J. van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Janet Rubin
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel
Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Ying X, Yu S, Huang M, Wei R, Meng S, Cheng F, Yu M, Ying M, Zhao M, Wang Z. Engineering the Enantioselectivity of Yeast Old Yellow Enzyme OYE2y in Asymmetric Reduction of ( E/ Z)-Citral to ( R)-Citronellal. Molecules 2019; 24:E1057. [PMID: 30889828 PMCID: PMC6470962 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The members of the Old Yellow Enzyme (OYE) family are capable of catalyzing the asymmetric reduction of (E/Z)-citral to (R)-citronellal-a key intermediate in the synthesis of L-menthol. The applications of OYE-mediated biotransformation are usually hampered by its insufficient enantioselectivity and low activity. Here, the (R)-enantioselectivity of Old Yellow Enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae CICC1060 (OYE2y) was enhanced through protein engineering. The single mutations of OYE2y revealed that the sites R330 and P76 could act as the enantioselectivity switch of OYE2y. Site-saturation mutagenesis was conducted to generate all possible replacements for the sites R330 and P76, yielding 17 and five variants with improved (R)-enantioselectivity in the (E/Z)-citral reduction, respectively. Among them, the variants R330H and P76C partly reversed the neral derived enantioselectivity from 32.66% e.e. (S) to 71.92% e.e. (R) and 37.50% e.e. (R), respectively. The docking analysis of OYE2y and its variants revealed that the substitutions R330H and P76C enabled neral to bind with a flipped orientation in the active site and thus reverse the enantioselectivity. Remarkably, the double substitutions of R330H/P76M, P76G/R330H, or P76S/R330H further improved (R)-enantioselectivity to >99% e.e. in the reduction of (E)-citral or (E/Z)-citral. The results demonstrated that it was feasible to alter the enantioselectivity of OYEs through engineering key residue distant from active sites, e.g., R330 in OYE2y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxian Ying
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Shihua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Meijuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Ran Wei
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Shumin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Feng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Meilan Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech Univeristy, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Meirong Ying
- Grain and Oil Products Quality Inspection Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China.
| | - Man Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Zhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Ramos D, Catita J, López-Luppo M, Valença A, Bonet A, Carretero A, Navarro M, Nacher V, Mendez-Ferrer S, Meseguer A, Casellas A, Mendes-Jorge L, Ruberte J. Vascular Interstitial Cells in Retinal Arteriolar Annuli Are Altered During Hypertension. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:473-487. [PMID: 30707220 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose It has been suggested that arteriolar annuli localized in retinal arterioles regulate retinal blood flow acting as sphincters. Here, the morphology and protein expression profile of arteriolar annuli have been analyzed under physiologic conditions in the retina of wild-type, β-actin-Egfp, and Nestin-gfp transgenic mice. Additionally, to study the effect of hypertension, the KAP transgenic mouse has been used. Methods Cellular architecture has been studied using digested whole mount retinas and transmission electron microscopy. The profile of protein expression has been analyzed on paraffin sections and whole mount retinas by immunofluorescence and histochemistry. Results The ultrastructural analysis of arteriolar annuli showed a different cell population found between endothelial and muscle cells that matched most of the morphologic criteria established to define interstitial Cajal cells. The profile of protein expression of these vascular interstitial cells (VICs) was similar to that of interstitial Cajal cells and different from the endothelial and smooth muscle cells, because they expressed β-actin, nestin, and CD44, but they did not express CD31 and α-SMA or scarcely express F-actin. Furthermore, VICs share with pericytes the expression of NG2 and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFR-β). The high expression of Ano1 and high activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-diaphorase observed in VICs was diminished during hypertensive retinopathy suggesting that these cells might play a role on the motility of arteriolar annuli and that this function is altered during hypertension. Conclusions A novel type of VICs has been described in the arteriolar annuli of mouse retina. Remarkably, these cells undergo important molecular modifications during hypertensive retinopathy and might thus be a therapeutic target against this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ramos
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joana Catita
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana López-Luppo
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Andreia Valença
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Aina Bonet
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ana Carretero
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marc Navarro
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Victor Nacher
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Simon Mendez-Ferrer
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and NHS-Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Meseguer
- Renal Physiopathology Group, CIBBM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto Carlos III-FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Casellas
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luísa Mendes-Jorge
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jesús Ruberte
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Kato Y, Sugimoto K, Shikanai T. NDH-PSI Supercomplex Assembly Precedes Full Assembly of the NDH Complex in Chloroplast. Plant Physiol 2018; 176:1728-1738. [PMID: 29203556 PMCID: PMC5813578 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase-like (NDH) complex is structurally similar to respiratory complex I and mediates PSI cyclic electron flow. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), chloroplast NDH is composed of at least 29 subunits and associates with two copies of PSI to form the NDH-PSI supercomplex. Here, we found that CHLORORESPIRATORY REDUCTION3 (CRR3) is an assembly factor required for the accumulation of subcomplex B (SubB) of chloroplast NDH. In Suc density gradient centrifugation, CRR3 was detected in three protein complexes. Accumulation of the largest peak III complex was impaired in mutants defective in the SubB subunits PnsB2-PnsB5. The oligomeric form of CRR3 likely functions to assemble the core of SubB to form the peak III complex as an assembly intermediate. A defect in the PnsL3 subunit increased the level of the peak III complex, suggesting that CRR3 was released from the assembly intermediate after PnsL3 binding. Unlike PnsB2-PnsB5 and PnsL3, PnsB1 was not absolutely necessary for stabilizing SubB. PnsB1 is likely incorporated into the intermediate at the final step during SubB assembly. Lhca6 is a linker protein mediating NDH-PSI supercomplex formation, and its site of contact with NDH was suggested to be SubB. In the lhca6 mutant, accumulation of the peak III complex was impaired, suggesting that SubB interacted with Lhca6 during the step of SubB assembly. The process of supercomplex formation was triggered before the completion of the NDH assembly. Consistent with its predicted function, CRR3 accumulated in young leaves, where the NDH complex was assembled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Kato
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Sugimoto
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Shikanai
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Hirano A, Goto M, Mitsui T, Hashimoto-Hachiya A, Tsuji G, Furue M. Antioxidant Artemisia princeps Extract Enhances the Expression of Filaggrin and Loricrin via the AHR/OVOL1 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091948. [PMID: 28892018 PMCID: PMC5618597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Japanese mugwort, Artemisia princeps (yomogi in Japanese), has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Skin care products containing Artemisia princeps extract (APE) are known to improve dry skin symptoms in atopic dermatitis. Atopic dry skin is associated with a marked reduction of skin barrier proteins, such as filaggrin (FLG) and loricrin (LOR). Recently, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), and its downstream transcription factor OVO-like 1 (OVOL1), have been shown to regulate the gene expression of FLG and LOR. The focus of this paper is to evaluate the effects of APE on the AHR/OVOL1/FLG or LOR pathway since they have remained unknown to this point. We first demonstrated that non-cytotoxic concentrations of APE significantly upregulated antioxidant enzymes, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 and heme oxygenase 1, in human keratinocytes. Even at these low concentrations, APE induced nuclear translocation of AHR and significantly upregulated CYP1A1 (a specific target gene for AHR activation), FLG, and LOR expression. AHR knockdown downregulated OVOL1 expression. The APE-induced upregulation of FLG and LOR was canceled in keratinocytes with AHR or OVOL1 knockdown. In conclusion, antioxidant APE is a potent phytoextract that upregulates FLG and LOR expression in an AHR/OVOL1-dependent manner and this may underpin the barrier-repairing effects of APE in treating atopic dry skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Hirano
- Beauty Care R&D, Health & Beauty Company, Sunstar Group, Kamihamuro 5-30-1, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1044, Japan.
| | - Masashi Goto
- Beauty Care R&D, Health & Beauty Company, Sunstar Group, Kamihamuro 5-30-1, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1044, Japan.
| | - Tsukasa Mitsui
- Beauty Care R&D, Health & Beauty Company, Sunstar Group, Kamihamuro 5-30-1, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1044, Japan.
| | - Akiko Hashimoto-Hachiya
- Department of Dermatology, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Gaku Tsuji
- Department of Dermatology, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Hernández-Ramírez E, Sánchez-Chávez G, Estrella-Salazar LA, Salceda R. Nitrosative Stress in the Rat Retina at the Onset of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 42:2353-2363. [PMID: 28848155 DOI: 10.1159/000480007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Nitric oxide is a multifunctional molecule that can modify proteins via nitrosylation; it can also initiate signaling cascades through the activation of soluble guanylate cyclase. Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness, but its pathogenesis is unknown. Multiple mechanisms including oxidative-nitrosative stress have been implicated. Our main goal was to find significant changes in nitric oxide (NO) levels and determine their association with nitrosative stress in the rat retina at the onset of diabetes. METHODS Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin. The possible nitric oxide effects on the rat retina were evaluated by the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d), a specific marker for NO-producing neurons, detected by histochemistry performed on whole retinas and retina sections. Immunohistochemistry was also performed on retina sections for iNOS, 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Retinal nitric oxide levels were assessed by measuring total nitrate/nitrite concentrations. Retinal cGMP levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. Western blots for nitrotyrosine (3-NT) and oxidized proteins were performed. RESULTS In the present study, we found increased activity of NADPH-diaphorase and iNOS immunoreactivity in the rat retina at the onset of diabetes; this increase correlated with a remarkable increase in NO levels as early as 7 days after the onset of diabetes. However, cGMP levels were not modified by diabetes, suggesting that NO did not activate its signaling cascade. Even so, Western blots revealed a progressive increase in nitrated proteins at 7 days after diabetes induction. Likewise, positive nitrotyrosine immunolabeling was observed in the photoreceptor layer, ganglion cell layer, inner nuclear layer and some Müller cell processes in the retinas of diabetic rats. In addition, levels of oxidized proteins were increased in the retina early after diabetes induction; these levels were reduced by the administration of L-NAME. In addition, stress in Müller cells was determined by immunoreactivity to the glial fibrillary acidic protein. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated the occurrence of nitrosative stress at the onset of diabetes in the rat retina and emphasized the role of NO in retinal function and the pathogenesis of retinopathy.
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Huokko T, Muth-Pawlak D, Battchikova N, Allahverdiyeva Y, Aro EM. Role of Type 2 NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase NdbC in Redox Regulation of Carbon Allocation in Synechocystis. Plant Physiol 2017; 174:1863-1880. [PMID: 28533358 PMCID: PMC5490909 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
NAD(P)H dehydrogenases comprise type 1 (NDH-1) and type 2 (NDH-2s) enzymes. Even though the NDH-1 complex is a well-characterized protein complex in the thylakoid membrane of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (hereafter Synechocystis), the exact roles of different NDH-2s remain poorly understood. To elucidate this question, we studied the function of NdbC, one of the three NDH-2s in Synechocystis, by constructing a deletion mutant (ΔndbC) for a corresponding protein and submitting the mutant to physiological and biochemical characterization as well as to comprehensive proteomics analysis. We demonstrate that the deletion of NdbC, localized to the plasma membrane, affects several metabolic pathways in Synechocystis in autotrophic growth conditions without prominent effects on photosynthesis. Foremost, the deletion of NdbC leads, directly or indirectly, to compromised sugar catabolism, to glycogen accumulation, and to distorted cell division. Deficiencies in several sugar catabolic routes were supported by severe retardation of growth of the ΔndbC mutant under light-activated heterotrophic growth conditions but not under mixotrophy. Thus, NdbC has a significant function in regulating carbon allocation between storage and the biosynthesis pathways. In addition, the deletion of NdbC increases the amount of cyclic electron transfer, possibly via the NDH-12 complex, and decreases the expression of several transporters in ambient CO2 growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Huokko
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Dorota Muth-Pawlak
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Natalia Battchikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
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Rajakumar B, Flumerfelt BA, Hrycyshyn AW, Rajakumar N. Nitric Oxide-Containing Neurons in Long-Term Grafts in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Cell Transplant 2017; 16:449-59. [PMID: 17708335 DOI: 10.3727/000000007783464975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The role that nitric oxide may play in modulating graft function in long-term fetal ventral mesencephalic grafts in an animal model of Parkinson's disease was investigated. Mature grafts harvested from the entire fetal ventral mesencephalon possessed a large number of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)/NADPH-diaphorase-containing neurons throughout the graft intermingled with dopaminergic neurons. The morphological and neurochemical characteristics of these NADPH-diaphorase neurons resembled those in centers adjacent to the substantia nigra of adult brain but not that of the striatum. Pretreatment with the nNOS blocker, 7-nitroindazole, resulted in contralateral rotations following methamphetamine challenge in long-term grafted animals that previously showed normalized rotational behavior. In contrast, mature grafts derived from fetal ventral mesencephalon without the midline areas possessed only a few nNOS-containing neurons within the grafts, and a similar methamphetamine challenge following 7-nitroindazole pretreatment in long-term grafted rats that previously showed normalized rotational behavior resulted in random movements. Our results indicate that nitric oxide-containing neurons inadvertently included during grafting may affect graft function, and excluding the midline areas of the ventral mesencephalon during tissue harvesting may minimize this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rajakumar
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Sun Y, Geng Q, Du Y, Yang X, Zhai H. Induction of cyclic electron flow around photosystem I during heat stress in grape leaves. Plant Sci 2017; 256:65-71. [PMID: 28167040 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) in plants is susceptible to high temperatures. The cyclic electron flow (CEF) around PSI is thought to protect both PSII and PSI from photodamage. However, the underlying physiological mechanisms of the photosynthetic electron transport process and the role of CEF in grape at high temperatures remain unclear. To investigate this issue, we examined the responses of PSII energy distribution, the P700 redox state and CEF to high temperatures in grape leaves. After exposing 'Cabernet Sauvignon' leaves to various temperatures (25, 30, 35, 40 and 45°C) in the light (600μmol photons m-2s-1) for 4h, the maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) significantly decreased at high temperatures (40 and 45°C), while the maximum photo-oxidizable P700 (Pm) was not affected. As the temperature increased, higher initial rates of increase in post-illumination Chl fluorescence were detected, which were accompanied by an increase in high energy state quenching (qE). The chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase-dependent CEF (NDH-dependent CEF) activities were different among grape cultivators. 'Gold Finger' with greater susceptibility to photoinhibition, exhibited lower NDH-dependent CEF activities under acute heat stress than a more heat tolerant 'Cabernet Sauvignon'. These results suggest that overclosure of PSII reaction centers at high temperature resulted in the photoinhibition of PSII, while the stimulation of CEF in grape played an important role in the photoprotection of PSII and PSI at high temperatures through contributing to the generation of a proton gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjiang Sun
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China; College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Qingwei Geng
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanpeng Du
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xinghong Yang
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China; College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Heng Zhai
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.
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Grassi D, Lagunas N, Pinos H, Panzica G, Garcia-Segura LM, Collado P. NADPH-Diaphorase Colocalizes with GPER and Is Modulated by the GPER Agonist G1 in the Supraoptic and Paraventricular Nuclei of Ovariectomized Female Rats. Neuroendocrinology 2017; 104:94-104. [PMID: 26954778 DOI: 10.1159/000445190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide is produced in the brain by the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and carries out a wide range of functions by acting as a neurotransmitter-like molecule. Gonadal hormones are involved in the regulation of the brain nitrergic system. We have previously demonstrated that estradiol, via classical estrogen receptors (ERs), regulates NOS activity in the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei of the hypothalamus, acting through both ERα and ERβ. Magnocellular and parvocellular neurons in the SON and PVN also express the G protein-coupled ER (GPER). In this study, we have assessed whether GPER is also involved in the regulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-diaphorase in the SON and PVN. Adult female ovariectomized rats were treated with G1, a selective GPER agonist, or with G1 in combination with G15, a selective GPER antagonist. G1 treatment decreased NADPH-diaphorase expression in the SON and in all PVN subnuclei. The treatment with G1 + G15 effectively rescued the G1-dependent decrease in NADPH-diaphorase expression in both brain regions. In addition, the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, one of the kinases involved in the GPER-dependent intracellular signaling pathway and in NOS phosphorylation, was assessed in the same brain nuclei. Treatment with G1 significantly decreased the number of p-ERK 1/2-positive cells in the SON and PVN, while the treatment with G1 + G15 significantly recovered its number to control values. These findings suggest that the activation of GPER in the SON and PVN inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2, which induces a decrease in NADPH-diaphorase expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Grassi
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
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Solt Z, Zsombok A, Pollák E, Molnár L. NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry selectively stains peripheral and central sensory structures of lumbricid earhworms. Acta Biol Hung 2016; 67:364-372. [PMID: 28000510 DOI: 10.1556/018.67.2016.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
By means of whole mount NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry the distribution pattern of primary sensory cells (PSC) and the pathway of their central processes in the ventral nerve cord (VNC) ganglia were investigated in the lumbricid earthworms, Eisenia fetida and Lumbricus terrestris. The distribution pattern of the stained structures seemed to be the same in both species investigated. Strong labelling occurred in sensory fibre branches of segmental nerves and in each of the sensory longitudinal axon bundles of VNC ganglia. Based on their anatomical location some NADPH-d positive central sensory cells were identified from among which the putative tactile receptors were characterized by constant, strong staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Solt
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University of Pécs , Pécs , Hungary
| | - Andrea Zsombok
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University , New Orleans , USA
| | - Edit Pollák
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University of Pécs , Pécs , Hungary
| | - László Molnár
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University of Pécs , Pécs , Hungary
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Guo Z, Wang F, Xiang X, Ahammed GJ, Wang M, Onac E, Zhou J, Xia X, Shi K, Yin X, Chen K, Yu J, Foyer CH, Zhou Y. Systemic Induction of Photosynthesis via Illumination of the Shoot Apex Is Mediated Sequentially by Phytochrome B, Auxin and Hydrogen Peroxide in Tomato. Plant Physiol 2016; 172:1259-1272. [PMID: 27550998 PMCID: PMC5047115 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Systemic signaling of upper leaves promotes the induction of photosynthesis in lower leaves, allowing more efficient use of light flecks. However, the nature of the systemic signals has remained elusive. Here, we show that preillumination of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) shoot apex alone can accelerate photosynthetic induction in distal leaves and that this process is light quality dependent, where red light promotes and far-red light delays photosynthetic induction. Grafting the wild-type rootstock with a phytochome B (phyB) mutant scion compromised light-induced photosynthetic induction as well as auxin biosynthesis in the shoot apex, auxin signaling, and RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG1 (RBOH1)-dependent hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in the systemic leaves. Light-induced systemic H2O2 production in the leaves of the rootstock also was absent in plants grafted with an auxin-resistant diageotropica (dgt) mutant scion. Cyclic electron flow around photosystem I and associated ATP production were increased in the systemic leaves by exposure of the apex to red light. This enhancement was compromised in the systemic leaves of the wild-type rootstock with phyB and dgt mutant scions and also in RBOH1-RNA interference leaves with the wild type as scion. Silencing of ORANGE RIPENING, which encodes NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, compromised the systemic induction of photosynthesis. Taken together, these results demonstrate that exposure to red light triggers phyB-mediated auxin synthesis in the apex, leading to H2O2 generation in systemic leaves. Enhanced H2O2 levels in turn activate cyclic electron flow and ATP production, leading to a faster induction of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in the systemic leaves, allowing plants better adaptation to the changing light environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Guo
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (Z.G., F.W., Xu.X., G.J.A., J.Z., Xi.X., K.S., X.Y., K.C., J.Y., Y.Z.);Philips Research Europe, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands (M.W., E.O.);Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (K.C., J.Y., Y.Z.); andCentre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (C.H.F.)
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (Z.G., F.W., Xu.X., G.J.A., J.Z., Xi.X., K.S., X.Y., K.C., J.Y., Y.Z.);Philips Research Europe, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands (M.W., E.O.);Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (K.C., J.Y., Y.Z.); andCentre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (C.H.F.)
| | - Xun Xiang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (Z.G., F.W., Xu.X., G.J.A., J.Z., Xi.X., K.S., X.Y., K.C., J.Y., Y.Z.);Philips Research Europe, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands (M.W., E.O.);Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (K.C., J.Y., Y.Z.); andCentre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (C.H.F.)
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (Z.G., F.W., Xu.X., G.J.A., J.Z., Xi.X., K.S., X.Y., K.C., J.Y., Y.Z.);Philips Research Europe, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands (M.W., E.O.);Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (K.C., J.Y., Y.Z.); andCentre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (C.H.F.)
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (Z.G., F.W., Xu.X., G.J.A., J.Z., Xi.X., K.S., X.Y., K.C., J.Y., Y.Z.);Philips Research Europe, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands (M.W., E.O.);Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (K.C., J.Y., Y.Z.); andCentre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (C.H.F.)
| | - Eugen Onac
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (Z.G., F.W., Xu.X., G.J.A., J.Z., Xi.X., K.S., X.Y., K.C., J.Y., Y.Z.);Philips Research Europe, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands (M.W., E.O.);Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (K.C., J.Y., Y.Z.); andCentre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (C.H.F.)
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (Z.G., F.W., Xu.X., G.J.A., J.Z., Xi.X., K.S., X.Y., K.C., J.Y., Y.Z.);Philips Research Europe, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands (M.W., E.O.);Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (K.C., J.Y., Y.Z.); andCentre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (C.H.F.)
| | - Xiaojian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (Z.G., F.W., Xu.X., G.J.A., J.Z., Xi.X., K.S., X.Y., K.C., J.Y., Y.Z.);Philips Research Europe, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands (M.W., E.O.);Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (K.C., J.Y., Y.Z.); andCentre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (C.H.F.)
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (Z.G., F.W., Xu.X., G.J.A., J.Z., Xi.X., K.S., X.Y., K.C., J.Y., Y.Z.);Philips Research Europe, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands (M.W., E.O.);Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (K.C., J.Y., Y.Z.); andCentre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (C.H.F.)
| | - Xueren Yin
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (Z.G., F.W., Xu.X., G.J.A., J.Z., Xi.X., K.S., X.Y., K.C., J.Y., Y.Z.);Philips Research Europe, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands (M.W., E.O.);Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (K.C., J.Y., Y.Z.); andCentre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (C.H.F.)
| | - Kunsong Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (Z.G., F.W., Xu.X., G.J.A., J.Z., Xi.X., K.S., X.Y., K.C., J.Y., Y.Z.);Philips Research Europe, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands (M.W., E.O.);Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (K.C., J.Y., Y.Z.); andCentre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (C.H.F.)
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (Z.G., F.W., Xu.X., G.J.A., J.Z., Xi.X., K.S., X.Y., K.C., J.Y., Y.Z.);Philips Research Europe, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands (M.W., E.O.);Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (K.C., J.Y., Y.Z.); andCentre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (C.H.F.)
| | - Christine H Foyer
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (Z.G., F.W., Xu.X., G.J.A., J.Z., Xi.X., K.S., X.Y., K.C., J.Y., Y.Z.);Philips Research Europe, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands (M.W., E.O.);Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (K.C., J.Y., Y.Z.); andCentre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (C.H.F.)
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (Z.G., F.W., Xu.X., G.J.A., J.Z., Xi.X., K.S., X.Y., K.C., J.Y., Y.Z.);Philips Research Europe, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands (M.W., E.O.);Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China (K.C., J.Y., Y.Z.); andCentre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (C.H.F.)
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Melleu FF, Lino-de-Oliveira C, Marino-Neto J. The mesencephalic GCt-ICo complex and tonic immobility in pigeons (Columba livia): a c-Fos study. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:1253-1265. [PMID: 27447458 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tonic immobility (TI) is a response to a predator attack, or other inescapable danger, characterized by immobility, analgesia and unresponsiveness to external stimuli. In mammals, the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and deep tectal regions control the expression of TI as well as other defensive behaviors. In birds, little is known about the mesencephalic circuitry involved in the control of TI. Here, adult pigeons (both sex, n = 4/group), randomly assigned to non-handled, handled or TI groups, were killed 90 min after manipulations and the brains processed for detection of c-Fos immunoreactive cells (c-Fos-ir, marker for neural activity) in the mesencephalic central gray (GCt) and the adjacent nucleus intercollicularis (ICo). The NADPH-diaphorase staining delineated the boundaries of the sub nuclei in the ICo-GCt complex. Compared to non-handled, TI (but not handling) induced c-Fos-ir in NADPH-diaphorase-rich and -poor regions. After TI, the number of c-Fos-ir increased in the caudal and intermediate areas of the ICo (but not in the GCt), throughout the rostrocaudal axis of the dorsal stratum griseum periventriculare (SGPd) of the optic tectum and in the n. mesencephalicus lateralis pars dorsalis (MLd), which is part of the ascending auditory pathway. These data suggest that inescapable threatening stimuli such as TI may recruit neurons in discrete areas of ICo-GCt complex, deep tectal layer and in ascending auditory circuits that may control the expression of defensive behaviors in pigeons. Additionally, data indicate that the contiguous deep tectal SCPd (but not GCt) in birds may be functionally comparable to the mammalian dorsal PAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Falkenburger Melleu
- Department of Physiological Sciences, CCB, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - C Lino-de-Oliveira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, CCB, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - J Marino-Neto
- Department of Physiological Sciences, CCB, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, EEL-CTC, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
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He Z, Mi H. Functional Characterization of the Subunits N, H, J, and O of the NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase Complexes in Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803. Plant Physiol 2016; 171:1320-32. [PMID: 27208236 PMCID: PMC4902626 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The cyanobacterial NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH-1) complexes play crucial roles in variety of bioenergetic reactions such as respiration, CO2 uptake, and cyclic electron transport around PSI. Recently, substantial progress has been made in identifying the composition of subunits of NDH-1 complexes. However, the localization and the physiological roles of several subunits in cyanobacteria are not fully understood. Here, by constructing fully segregated ndhN, ndhO, ndhH, and ndhJ null mutants in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803, we found that deletion of ndhN, ndhH, or ndhJ but not ndhO severely impaired the accumulation of the hydrophilic subunits of the NDH-1 in the thylakoid membrane, resulting in disassembly of NDH-1MS, NDH-1MS', as well as NDH-1L, finally causing the severe growth suppression phenotype. In contrast, deletion of NdhO affected the growth at pH 6.5 in air. In the cytoplasm, either NdhH or NdhJ deleted mutant, but neither NdhN nor NdhO deleted mutant, failed to accumulate the NDH-1 assembly intermediate consisting of NdhH, NdhJ, NdhK, and NdhM. Based on these results, we suggest that NdhN, NdhH, and NdhJ are essential for the stability and the activities of NDH-1 complexes, while NdhO for NDH-1 functions under the condition of inorganic carbon limitation in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. We discuss the roles of these subunits and propose a new NDH-1 model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hualing Mi
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200032, China
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Kurtasova LM, Shakina NA, Lubnina TV, Nikolaeva AI. [Changes of the Immunophenotypic Spectrum and the Enzymatic Profile of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Infants with Hypertrophy of the Pharyngeal Tonsil]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016:633-9. [PMID: 27093790 DOI: 10.15690/vramn579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to study immunophenotype and NAD- and NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase of blood lymphocytes activity indicators in children with hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsils (HPT). METHODS 57 children aged 1-3 years with HPT were examined. The focus group included 35 healthy children of the similar age. The number of CD₃⁺-, CD₄⁺-, CD₈⁺-, CD₁₆⁺/₅₆⁺-, CD₁₉⁺-cells in the blood was determined by flow cytometry. The activity of NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase was studied by the method of A. Savchenko and coauth. (1989). RESULTS The changes of immunophenotypic spectrum of peripheral blood lymphocytes in infants with HPT have been revealed. The increase of ribose-5-phosphate and NADN-dependent reactions of macromolecular synthesis, the reduction of malataspartat shunt role in cell energy, the reduction of anaerobic lactate dehydrogenase reaction, the compensatory increase in the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, the high substrate flow of the citric acid cycle and the reduced level of glutathione have been fixed. The correlation analysis has showed increase in the number of correlations between indicators of investigated oxidoreductase activity in blood lymphocytes in children with HPT and the high level of correlation between the metabolic reactions of the mitochondrial compartment. CONCLUSION the change of immunophenotype, enzymatic activity, correlation pattern of connection between intracellular enzymes of peripheral blood lymphocytes have been revealed in children aged 1-3 years with HPT.
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Peterson RB, Schultes NP, McHale NA, Zelitch I. Evidence for a Role for NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase in Concentration of CO2 in the Bundle Sheath Cell of Zea mays. Plant Physiol 2016; 171:125-38. [PMID: 27002061 PMCID: PMC4854706 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Prior studies with Nicotiana and Arabidopsis described failed assembly of the chloroplastic NDH [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase] supercomplex by serial mutation of several subunit genes. We examined the properties of Zea mays leaves containing Mu and Ds insertions into nuclear gene exons encoding the critical o- and n-subunits of NDH, respectively. In vivo reduction of plastoquinone in the dark was sharply diminished in maize homozygous mutant compared to normal leaves but not to the extreme degree observed for the corresponding lesions in Arabidopsis. The net carbon assimilation rate (A) at high irradiance and saturating CO2 levels was reduced by one-half due to NDH mutation in maize although no genotypic effect was evident at very low CO2 levels. Simultaneous assessment of chlorophyll fluorescence and A in maize at low (2% by volume) and high (21%) O2 levels indicated the presence of a small, yet detectable, O2-dependent component of total linear photosynthetic electron transport in 21% O2 This O2-dependent component decreased with increasing CO2 level indicative of photorespiration. Photorespiration was generally elevated in maize mutant compared to normal leaves. Quantification of the proportion of total electron transport supporting photorespiration enabled estimation of the bundle sheath cell CO2 concentration (Cb) using a simple kinetic model of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase function. The A versus Cb relationships overlapped for normal and mutant lines consistent with occurrence of strictly CO2-limited photosynthesis in the mutant bundle sheath cell. The results are discussed in terms of a previously reported CO2 concentration model [Laisk A, Edwards GE (2000) Photosynth Res 66: 199-224].
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Peterson
- Scientist Emeritus (R.B.P., N.A.M., I.Z.), Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology (N.P.S.), The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
| | - Neil P Schultes
- Scientist Emeritus (R.B.P., N.A.M., I.Z.), Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology (N.P.S.), The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
| | - Neil A McHale
- Scientist Emeritus (R.B.P., N.A.M., I.Z.), Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology (N.P.S.), The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
| | - Israel Zelitch
- Scientist Emeritus (R.B.P., N.A.M., I.Z.), Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology (N.P.S.), The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
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Santos-Lobato BLD, Del-Bel E, Pittella JEH, Tumas V. Cytoarchitecture of nitrergic neurons in the human striatum and subthalamic nucleus. Brain Res Bull 2016; 124:129-35. [PMID: 27060610 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule that modulates several physiological processes, including signal transmission in the central nervous system. There is evidence supporting NO as a major neurotransmitter involved in motor and emotion/behavior control. We investigated the distribution and morphology of nitrergic neurons in the two main input structures of the basal ganglia of human brain: the striatum and subthalamic nucleus. METHODS We studied samples of striatum (caudate and putamen) and subthalamic nucleus of 20 human brains from subjects without neurological/psychiatric diseases. The tissues were stained by histochemistry for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase activity and by immunohistochemistry for neuronal NO synthase (nNOS). Subsequently, we analyzed the nitrergic neuronal profile and its morphometric parameters. RESULTS Our data corroborate that approximately 2% of neurons in striatum express nNOS and these exhibited morphology characteristic of interneurons. Posterior regions of the striatum have a higher nitrergic neuronal profile than anterior regions of this nucleus suggesting an anteroposterior gradient of nitrergic neurons. Posterior limbic-associated areas of the striatum have a higher nitrergic neuronal profile compared to other functional subdivisions. Also, approximately 90% of neurons in the subthalamic nucleus express nNOS. CONCLUSIONS A remarkable presence of nitrergic neurons in the human striatum and subthalamic nucleus suggests that NO may play a critical role in the physiology of these nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Lopes Dos Santos-Lobato
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Research Support on Applied Neuroscience (NAPNA-USP), Brazil.
| | - Elaine Del-Bel
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Dentistry School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Research Support on Applied Neuroscience (NAPNA-USP), Brazil.
| | - José Eymard Homem Pittella
- Department of Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Vitor Tumas
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Research Support on Applied Neuroscience (NAPNA-USP), Brazil.
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Saroussi SI, Wittkopp TM, Grossman AR. The Type II NADPH Dehydrogenase Facilitates Cyclic Electron Flow, Energy-Dependent Quenching, and Chlororespiratory Metabolism during Acclimation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to Nitrogen Deprivation. Plant Physiol 2016; 170:1975-88. [PMID: 26858365 PMCID: PMC4825143 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.02014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
When photosynthetic organisms are deprived of nitrogen (N), the capacity to grow and assimilate carbon becomes limited, causing a decrease in the productive use of absorbed light energy and likely a rise in the cellular reduction state. Although there is a scarcity of N in many terrestrial and aquatic environments, a mechanistic understanding of how photosynthesis adjusts to low-N conditions and the enzymes/activities integral to these adjustments have not been described. In this work, we use biochemical and biophysical analyses of photoautotrophically grown wild-type and mutant strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to determine the integration of electron transport pathways critical for maintaining active photosynthetic complexes even after exposure of cells to N deprivation for 3 d. Key to acclimation is the type II NADPH dehydrogenase, NDA2, which drives cyclic electron flow (CEF), chlororespiration, and the generation of an H(+) gradient across the thylakoid membranes. N deprivation elicited a doubling of the rate of NDA2-dependent CEF, with little contribution from PGR5/PGRL1-dependent CEF The H(+) gradient generated by CEF is essential to sustain nonphotochemical quenching, while an increase in the level of reduced plastoquinone would promote a state transition; both are necessary to down-regulate photosystem II activity. Moreover, stimulation of NDA2-dependent chlororespiration affords additional relief from the elevated reduction state associated with N deprivation through plastid terminal oxidase-dependent water synthesis. Overall, rerouting electrons through the NDA2 catalytic hub in response to photoautotrophic N deprivation sustains cell viability while promoting the dissipation of excess excitation energy through quenching and chlororespiratory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai I Saroussi
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (S.I.S., T.M.W., A.R.G.); andDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5020 (T.M.W.)
| | - Tyler M Wittkopp
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (S.I.S., T.M.W., A.R.G.); andDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5020 (T.M.W.)
| | - Arthur R Grossman
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (S.I.S., T.M.W., A.R.G.); andDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5020 (T.M.W.)
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Abstract
Fluorescence is utilized as the output for a range of assay formats used in high-throughput screening (HTS). Interference with these assays from the compounds in libraries utilized in HTS is a well-recognized phenomenon, particularly for assays relying on UV excitation such as for direct detection of the oxidoreductase cofactors NADH or NADPH. In this study, we discuss these interference challenges and highlight the specific case of the diaphorase/resazurin system that can be coupled to enzymes utilizing NADH or NADPH. We review the utilization of this assay system in the literature and argue that the diaphorase/resazurin system is underutilized in assay development. It is the authors' hope that this Perspective and the accompanying Technical Brief in this issue will stimulate interest in a robust and sensitive coupling system to avoid assay fluorescence interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Hall
- NCATS Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Rockville, Maryland
| | - Anton Simeonov
- NCATS Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Rockville, Maryland
| | - Mindy I Davis
- NCATS Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Rockville, Maryland
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Abstract
Dehydrogenases are an important target for the development of cancer therapeutics. Dehydrogenases either produce or consume NAD(P)H, which is fluorescent but at a wavelength where many compounds found in chemical libraries are also fluorescent. By coupling dehydrogenases to diaphorase, which utilizes NAD(P)H to produce the fluorescent molecule resorufin from resazurin, the assay can be red-shifted into a spectral region that reduces interference from compound libraries. Dehydrogenases that produce NAD(P)H, such as isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), can be read in kinetic mode. Dehydrogenases that consume NAD(P)H, such as mutant IDH1 R132H, can be read in endpoint mode. Here, we report protocols for robust and miniaturized 1,536-well assays for WT IDH1 and IDH1 R132H coupled to diaphorase, and the counterassays used to further detect compound interference with the coupling reagents. This coupling technique is applicable to dehydrogenases that either produce or consume NAD(P)H, and the examples provided here can act as guidelines for the development of high-throughput screens against this enzyme class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy I Davis
- NCATS Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Rockville, Maryland
| | - Min Shen
- NCATS Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Rockville, Maryland
| | - Anton Simeonov
- NCATS Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Rockville, Maryland
| | - Matthew D Hall
- NCATS Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Rockville, Maryland
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Corpas FJ, Aguayo-Trinidad S, Ogawa T, Yoshimura K, Shigeoka S. Activation of NADPH-recycling systems in leaves and roots of Arabidopsis thaliana under arsenic-induced stress conditions is accelerated by knock-out of Nudix hydrolase 19 (AtNUDX19) gene. J Plant Physiol 2016; 192:81-9. [PMID: 26878367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
NADPH is an important cofactor in cell growth, proliferation and detoxification. Arabidopsis thaliana Nudix hydrolase 19 (AtNUDX19) belongs to a family of proteins defined by the conserved amino-acid sequence GX5-EX7REUXEEXGU which has the capacity to hydrolyze NADPH as a physiological substrate in vivo. Given the importance of NADPH in the cellular redox homeostasis of plants, the present study compares the responses of the main NADPH-recycling systems including NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) and NADP-malic enzyme (ME) in the leaves and roots of Arabidopsis wild-type (Wt) and knock-out (KO) AtNUDX19 mutant (Atnudx19) plants under physiological and arsenic-induced stress conditions. Two major features were observed in the behavior of the main NADPH-recycling systems: (i) under optimal conditions in both organs, the levels of these activities were higher in nudx19 mutants than in Wt plants; and, (ii) under 500μM AsV conditions, these activities increase, especially in nudx19 mutant plants. Moreover, G6PDH activity in roots was the most affected enzyme in both Wt and nudx19 mutant plants, with a 4.6-fold and 5.0-fold increase, respectively. In summary, the data reveals a connection between the absence of chloroplastic AtNUDX19 and the rise in all NADP-dehydrogenase activities under physiological and arsenic-induced stress conditions, particularly in roots. This suggests that AtNUDX19 could be a key factor in modulating the NADPH pool in plants and consequently in redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Corpas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain.
| | - Simeón Aguayo-Trinidad
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Takahisa Ogawa
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yoshimura
- Department of Food and Nutritional Science, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shigeoka
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
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Gao F, Zhao J, Wang X, Qin S, Wei L, Ma W. NdhV Is a Subunit of NADPH Dehydrogenase Essential for Cyclic Electron Transport in Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803. Plant Physiol 2016; 170:752-60. [PMID: 26644505 PMCID: PMC4734563 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Two mutants sensitive to heat stress for growth and impaired in NADPH dehydrogenase (NDH-1)-dependent cyclic electron transport around photosystem I (NDH-CET) were isolated from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 transformed with a transposon-bearing library. Both mutants had a tag in the same sll0272 gene, encoding a protein highly homologous to NdhV identified in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Deletion of the sll0272 gene (ndhV) did not influence the assembly of NDH-1 complexes and the activities of CO2 uptake and respiration but reduced the activity of NDH-CET. NdhV interacted with NdhS, a ferredoxin-binding subunit of cyanobacterial NDH-1 complex. Deletion of NdhS completely abolished NdhV, but deletion of NdhV had no effect on the amount of NdhS. Reduction of NDH-CET activity was more significant in ΔndhS than in ΔndhV. We therefore propose that NdhV cooperates with NdhS to accept electrons from reduced ferredoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fudan Gao
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Jiaohong Zhao
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xiaozhuo Wang
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Shen Qin
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Lanzhen Wei
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Weimin Ma
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
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He Z, Zheng F, Wu Y, Li Q, Lv J, Fu P, Mi H. NDH-1L interacts with ferredoxin via the subunit NdhS in Thermosynechococcus elongatus. Photosynth Res 2015; 126:341-349. [PMID: 25630976 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The large size complex of cyanobacterial NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH-1) complex (NDH-1L) plays crucial role in a variety of bioenergetic reactions such as respiration and cyclic electron flow around photosystem I. Although the complex has been isolated and identified, its biochemical function still remains to be clarified. Here, we highly purified the NDH-1L complex from the cells of Thermosynechococcus elongatus by Ni(2+) affinity chromatography and size-exclusion chromatography. The purified NDH-1L complex has an apparent total molecular mass of approximately 500 kDa. 14 known subunits were identified by mass spectrometry and immunoblotting, including the NdhS subunit containing ferredoxin (Fd)-docking site domain. Surface plasmon resonance measurement demonstrates that the NDH-1L complex could bind to Fd with the binding constant (K D) of 59 µM. Yeast two-hybrid system assay further confirmed the interaction of Fd with NdhS and indicated that NdhH is involved in the interaction. Our results provide direct biochemical evidence that the cyanobacterial NDH-1 complex catalyzes the electron transport from reduced Fd to plastoquinone via NdhS and NdhH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fangfang Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yaozong Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qinghua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Renewable Energy Research Center, China University of Petroleum Beijing, 18 Fuxue Road, Changping, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Pengcheng Fu
- Renewable Energy Research Center, China University of Petroleum Beijing, 18 Fuxue Road, Changping, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Hualing Mi
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Kanellos G, Zhou J, Patel H, Ridgway RA, Huels D, Gurniak CB, Sandilands E, Carragher NO, Sansom OJ, Witke W, Brunton VG, Frame MC. ADF and Cofilin1 Control Actin Stress Fibers, Nuclear Integrity, and Cell Survival. Cell Rep 2015; 13:1949-64. [PMID: 26655907 PMCID: PMC4678118 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic co-depletion of the actin-severing proteins ADF and CFL1 triggers catastrophic loss of adult homeostasis in multiple tissues. There is impaired cell-cell adhesion in skin keratinocytes with dysregulation of E-cadherin, hyperproliferation of differentiated cells, and ultimately apoptosis. Mechanistically, the primary consequence of depleting both ADF and CFL1 is uncontrolled accumulation of contractile actin stress fibers associated with enlarged focal adhesions at the plasma membrane, as well as reduced rates of membrane protrusions. This generates increased intracellular acto-myosin tension that promotes nuclear deformation and physical disruption of the nuclear lamina via the LINC complex that normally connects regulated actin filaments to the nuclear envelope. We therefore describe a pathway involving the actin-severing proteins ADF and CFL1 in regulating the dynamic turnover of contractile actin stress fibers, and this is vital to prevent the nucleus from being damaged by actin contractility, in turn preserving cell survival and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Kanellos
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Jing Zhou
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Hitesh Patel
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Rachel A Ridgway
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - David Huels
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Christine B Gurniak
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten Strasse 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Emma Sandilands
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Neil O Carragher
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Walter Witke
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten Strasse 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Valerie G Brunton
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Margaret C Frame
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK.
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Terenina NB. [DISTRIBUTION OF NADPH-DIAPHORASE ACTIVITY IN TREMATODE CERCARIAE]. Parazitologiia 2015; 49:444-452. [PMID: 27055331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The presence and distribution of nitric oxide sinthase was studied in cercariae of trematodes from seven families using the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemical method. The positive NADPH-d staining has been observed in nerve fibers in main nerve chords and in fibers running to eyespots (pigmented eyes) as well as in muscles of the oral and ventral suckers. The obtained data support an important role of the NO-signalling in the physiology of trematode cercariae.
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47
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He Y, Fu J, Yu C, Wang X, Jiang Q, Hong J, Lu K, Xue G, Yan C, James A, Xu L, Chen J, Jiang D. Increasing cyclic electron flow is related to Na+ sequestration into vacuoles for salt tolerance in soybean. J Exp Bot 2015; 66:6877-89. [PMID: 26276865 PMCID: PMC4623694 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In land plants, the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) complex reduces plastoquinones and drives cyclic electron flow (CEF) around PSI. It also produces extra ATP for photosynthesis and improves plant fitness under conditions of abiotic environmental stress. To elucidate the role of CEF in salt tolerance of the photosynthetic apparatus, Na(+) concentration, chlorophyll fluorescence, and expression of NDH B and H subunits, as well as of genes related to cellular and vacuolar Na(+) transport, were monitored. The salt-tolerant Glycine max (soybean) variety S111-9 exhibited much higher CEF activity and ATP accumulation in light than did the salt-sensitive variety Melrose, but similar leaf Na(+) concentrations under salt stress. In S111-9 plants, ndhB and ndhH were highly up-regulated under salt stress and their corresponding proteins were maintained at high levels or increased significantly. Under salt stress, S111-9 plants accumulated Na(+) in the vacuole, but Melrose plants accumulated Na(+) in the chloroplast. Compared with Melrose, S111-9 plants also showed higher expression of some genes associated with Na(+) transport into the vacuole and/or cell, such as genes encoding components of the CBL10 (calcineurin B-like protein 10)-CIPK24 (CBL-interacting protein kinase 24)-NHX (Na(+)/H(+) antiporter) and CBL4 (calcineurin B-like protein 4)-CIPK24-SOS1 (salt overly sensitive 1) complexes. Based on the findings, it is proposed that enhanced NDH-dependent CEF supplies extra ATP used to sequester Na(+) in the vacuole. This reveals an important mechanism for salt tolerance in soybean and provides new insights into plant resistance to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Junliang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chenliang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoman Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qinsu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian Hong
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kaixing Lu
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Gangping Xue
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Chengqi Yan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310021 Hangzhou, China
| | - Andrew James
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Ligen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310021 Hangzhou, China
| | - Dean Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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48
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Hao MS, Jensen AM, Boquist AS, Liu YJ, Rasmusson AG. The Ca2+-Regulation of the Mitochondrial External NADPH Dehydrogenase in Plants Is Controlled by Cytosolic pH. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139224. [PMID: 26413894 PMCID: PMC4587368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH is a key reductant carrier that maintains internal redox and antioxidant status, and that links biosynthetic, catabolic and signalling pathways. Plants have a mitochondrial external NADPH oxidation pathway, which depends on Ca2+ and pH in vitro, but concentrations of Ca2+ needed are not known. We have determined the K0.5(Ca2+) of the external NADPH dehydrogenase from Solanum tuberosum mitochondria and membranes of E. coli expressing Arabidopsis thaliana NDB1 over the physiological pH range using O2 and decylubiquinone as electron acceptors. The K0.5(Ca2+) of NADPH oxidation was generally higher than for NADH oxidation, and unlike the latter, it depended on pH. At pH 7.5, K0.5(Ca2+) for NADPH oxidation was high (≈100 μM), yet 20-fold lower K0.5(Ca2+) values were determined at pH 6.8. Lower K0.5(Ca2+) values were observed with decylubiquinone than with O2 as terminal electron acceptor. NADPH oxidation responded to changes in Ca2+ concentrations more rapidly than NADH oxidation did. Thus, cytosolic acidification is an important activator of external NADPH oxidation, by decreasing the Ca2+-requirements for NDB1. The results are discussed in relation to the present knowledge on how whole cell NADPH redox homeostasis is affected in plants modified for the NDB1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Shu Hao
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna M. Jensen
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | | | - Yun-Jun Liu
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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49
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McWilliams-Koeppen HP, Foster JS, Hackenbrack N, Ramirez-Alvarado M, Donohoe D, Williams A, Macy S, Wooliver C, Wortham D, Morrell-Falvey J, Foster CM, Kennel SJ, Wall JS. Light Chain Amyloid Fibrils Cause Metabolic Dysfunction in Human Cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137716. [PMID: 26393799 PMCID: PMC4579077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Light chain (AL) amyloidosis is the most common form of systemic amyloid disease, and cardiomyopathy is a dire consequence, resulting in an extremely poor prognosis. AL is characterized by the production of monoclonal free light chains that deposit as amyloid fibrils principally in the heart, liver, and kidneys causing organ dysfunction. We have studied the effects of amyloid fibrils, produced from recombinant λ6 light chain variable domains, on metabolic activity of human cardiomyocytes. The data indicate that fibrils at 0.1 μM, but not monomer, significantly decrease the enzymatic activity of cellular NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductase, without causing significant cell death. The presence of amyloid fibrils did not affect ATP levels; however, oxygen consumption was increased and reactive oxygen species were detected. Confocal fluorescence microscopy showed that fibrils bound to and remained at the cell surface with little fibril internalization. These data indicate that AL amyloid fibrils severely impair cardiomyocyte metabolism in a dose dependent manner. These data suggest that effective therapeutic intervention for these patients should include methods for removing potentially toxic amyloid fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen P. McWilliams-Koeppen
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN United States of America
| | - James S. Foster
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN United States of America
| | - Nicole Hackenbrack
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN United States of America
| | - Marina Ramirez-Alvarado
- Department of Biochemistry/Mol. Biol. and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Dallas Donohoe
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Angela Williams
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN United States of America
| | - Sallie Macy
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN United States of America
| | - Craig Wooliver
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN United States of America
| | - Dale Wortham
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN United States of America
| | - Jennifer Morrell-Falvey
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
| | - Carmen M. Foster
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Kennel
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN United States of America
- Department of Radiology, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN United States of America
| | - Jonathan S. Wall
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN United States of America
- Department of Radiology, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN United States of America
- * E-mail:
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50
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Moschini R, Peroni E, Rotondo R, Renzone G, Melck D, Cappiello M, Srebot M, Napolitano E, Motta A, Scaloni A, Mura U, Del-Corso A. NADP(+)-dependent dehydrogenase activity of carbonyl reductase on glutathionylhydroxynonanal as a new pathway for hydroxynonenal detoxification. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 83:66-76. [PMID: 25680283 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An NADP(+)-dependent dehydrogenase activity on 3-glutathionyl-4-hydroxynonanal (GSHNE) was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from a line of human astrocytoma cells (ADF). Proteomic analysis identified this enzymatic activity as associated with carbonyl reductase 1 (EC 1.1.1.184). The enzyme is highly efficient at catalyzing the oxidation of GSHNE (KM 33 µM, kcat 405 min(-1)), as it is practically inactive toward trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) and other HNE-adducted thiol-containing amino acid derivatives. Combined mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis of the reaction products revealed that carbonyl reductase oxidizes the hydroxyl group of GSHNE in its hemiacetal form, with the formation of the corresponding 3-glutathionylnonanoic-δ-lactone. The relevance of this new reaction catalyzed by carbonyl reductase 1 is discussed in terms of HNE detoxification and the recovery of reducing power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Moschini
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, I-56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Peroni
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, I-56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossella Rotondo
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, I-56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Renzone
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM-CNR, I-80147 Napoli, Italy
| | - Dominique Melck
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, ICB-CNR, I-80078 Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Mario Cappiello
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, I-56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Srebot
- Health Unit 5 Pisa, Gynecology and Obstetric Unit, Pontedera Hospital, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Motta
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, ICB-CNR, I-80078 Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM-CNR, I-80147 Napoli, Italy
| | - Umberto Mura
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, I-56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Del-Corso
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, I-56123 Pisa, Italy.
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