1
|
Kapoor S, Tomiyama K, Orloff MS, Sharma AK. Coronavirus disease 2019-related hepatic transplant pseudoaneurysm. J Vasc Surg Cases Innov Tech 2024; 10:101469. [PMID: 38577692 PMCID: PMC10990745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvscit.2024.101469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019-related transplant hepatic pseudoaneurysms have not been reported but can be life-threatening. They can be either solitary or multiple and can grow rapidly within weeks. They should be classified as mycotic and treated on an emergent basis. Both stenting of the vessel and coil embolization can potentially be viable treatment options of coronavirus disease 2019-related pseudoaneurysms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Koji Tomiyama
- Division of Solid Organ Transplant, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Mark S. Orloff
- Division of Solid Organ Transplant, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lonare S, Rode S, Verma P, Verma S, Kaur H, Alam MS, Wangmo P, Kumar P, Roy P, Sharma AK. Characterization of AICAR transformylase/IMP cyclohydrolase (ATIC) bifunctional enzyme from Candidatus Liberibacer asiaticus. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom 2024; 1872:141015. [PMID: 38615986 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2024.141015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The bifunctional enzyme, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) transformylase/inosine monophosphate (IMP) cyclohydrolase (ATIC) is involved in catalyzing penultimate and final steps of purine de novo biosynthetic pathway crucial for the survival of organisms. The present study reports the characterization of ATIC from Candidatus Liberibacer asiaticus (CLasATIC) along with the identification of potential inhibitor molecules and evaluation of cell proliferative activity. CLasATIC showed both the AICAR Transformylase (AICAR TFase) activity for substrates, 10-f-THF (Km, 146.6 μM and Vmax, 0.95 μmol/min/mg) and AICAR (Km, 34.81 μM and Vmax, 0.56 μmol/min/mg) and IMP cyclohydrolase (IMPCHase) activitiy (Km, 1.81 μM and Vmax, 2.87 μmol/min/mg). The optimum pH and temperature were also identified for the enzyme activity. In-silico study has been conducted to identify potential inhibitor molecules through virtual screening and MD simulations. Out of many compounds, HNBSA, diosbulbin A and lepidine D emerged as lead compounds, exhibiting higher binding energy and stability for CLasATIC than AICAR. ITC study reports higher binding affinities for HNBSA and diosbulbin A (Kd, 12.3 μM and 34.2 μM, respectively) compared to AICAR (Kd, 83.4 μM). Likewise, DSC studies showed enhanced thermal stability for CLasATIC in the presence of inhibitors. CD and Fluorescence studies revealed significant conformational changes in CLasATIC upon binding of the inhibitors. CLasATIC demonstrated potent cell proliferative, wound healing and ROS scavenging properties evaluated by cell-based bioassays using CHO cells. This study highlights CLasATIC as a promising drug target with potential inhibitors for managing CLas and its unique cell protective, wound-healing properties for future biotechnological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Lonare
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India
| | - Surabhi Rode
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India
| | - Preeti Verma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India
| | - Shalja Verma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India
| | - Harry Kaur
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India
| | - Md Shahid Alam
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India
| | - Padma Wangmo
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India
| | - Pravindra Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rode S, Kaur H, Sharma M, Shah V, Singh SS, Gubyad M, Ghosh DK, Sircar D, Kumar P, Roy P, Sharma AK. Characterization of Type1 Lipid Transfer Protein from Citrus sinensis: Unraveling its potential as an antimicrobial and insecticidal agent. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130811. [PMID: 38490399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Lipid Transfer Protein1 (LTP1) is a cationic, multifaceted protein belonging to the pathogenesis-related protein (PR14) family. Despite being involved in diverse physiological processes and defense mechanisms, the precise in-vivo role of LTP1 remains undiscovered. This work presents the characterization of recombinant Citrus sinensis LTP1 (CsLTP1) along with lipid binding studies through in-silico and in-vitro approaches. CsLTP1 demonstrated great thermal and pH stability with a huge biotechnological potential. It showed in-vitro binding capacity with jasmonic acid and lipids involved in regulating plant immune responses. Gene expression profiling indicated a significant upregulation of CsLTP1 in Candidatus-infected Citrus plants. CsLTP1 disrupted the cell membrane integrity of various pathogens, making it a potent antimicrobial agent. Further, in-vivo antimicrobial and insecticidal properties of CsLTP1 have been explored. The impact of exogenous CsLTP1 treatment on rice crop metabolism for managing blight disease has been studied using GC-MS. CsLTP1 triggered crucial metabolic pathways in rice plants while controlling the blight disease. CsLTP1 effectively inhibited Helicoverpa armigera larvae by impeding mid-gut α-amylase activity and obstructing its developmental stages. This study highlights the pivotal role of CsLTP1 in plant defense by offering insights for developing multi-target therapeutic agent or disease-resistant varieties to comprehensively tackle the challenges towards crop protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Rode
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Harry Kaur
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Monica Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Vivek Shah
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, India
| | - Shiv Shakti Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Mrugendra Gubyad
- Plant Virology Laboratory, Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Ghosh
- Plant Virology Laboratory, Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - Debabrata Sircar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Pravindra Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kaur H, Rode S, Kp S, Mahto JK, Alam MS, Gupta DN, Kar B, Singla J, Kumar P, Sharma AK. Characterization of haloacid dehalogenase superfamily acid phosphatase from Staphylococcus lugdunensis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 753:109888. [PMID: 38232797 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The haloacid dehalogenase superfamily implicated in bacterial pathogenesis comprises different enzymes having roles in many metabolic pathways. Staphylococcus lugdunensis, a Gram-positive bacterium, is an opportunistic human pathogen causing infections in the central nervous system, urinary tract, bones, peritoneum, systemic conditions and cutaneous infection. The haloacid dehalogenase superfamily proteins play a significant role in the pathogenicity of certain bacteria, facilitating invasion, survival, and proliferation within host cells. The genome of S. lugdunensis encodes more than ten proteins belonging to this superfamily. However, none of them have been characterized. The present work reports the characterization of one of the haloacid dehalogenase superfamily proteins (SLHAD1) from Staphylococcus lugdunensis. The functional analysis revealed that SLHAD1 is a metal-dependent acid phosphatase, which catalyzes the dephosphorylation of phosphorylated metabolites of cellular pathways, including glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, nucleotides, and thiamine metabolism. Based on the substrate specificity and genomic analysis, the physiological function of SLHAD1 in thiamine metabolism has been tentatively assigned. The crystal structure of SLHAD1, lacking 49 residues at the C-terminal, was determined at 1.7 Å resolution with a homodimer in the asymmetric unit. It was observed that SLHAD1 exhibited time-dependent cleavage at a specific point, occurring through a self-initiated process. A combination of bioinformatics, biochemical, biophysical, and structural studies explored unique features of SLHAD1. Overall, the study revealed a detailed characterization of a critical enzyme of the human pathogen Staphylococcus lugdunensis, associated with several life-threatening infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harry Kaur
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, India
| | - Surabhi Rode
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, India
| | - Sandra Kp
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, India
| | - Jai Krishna Mahto
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, India
| | - Md Shahid Alam
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, India
| | - Deena Nath Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, India
| | - Bibekananda Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, India
| | - Jitin Singla
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, India; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, India
| | - Pravindra Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
des Bordes U, Hoang T, Dale BS, Sharma AK. Sclerotherapy of the Post renal Transplant Lymphoceles: A Meta-Analysis. Transplant Proc 2024; 56:316-321. [PMID: 38368131 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2024.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the effectiveness of sclerotherapy in treating lymphoceles after kidney transplantation, focusing on factors such as recurrence rates and procedural success. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective studies using sclerotherapy as the only form of treatment for postrenal transplant lymphoceles were included. All studies used percutaneous transcatheter sclerotherapy as treatment, and the success rate of the intervention was recorded. Sixty-one references were obtained by manually searching the MEDLINE (n = 20), Embase (n = 41), and Cochrane Library databases (n = 0) for retrospective research studies that included the keywords "sclerotherapy post renal transplant lymphoceles." After removing 3 duplicates, 50 of the remaining articles were excluded after the screening, and the remaining studies were extracted for demographic data and our primary outcome of the success rate of sclerotherapy. RESULTS A descriptive analysis of the outcomes and complication rates associated with sclerotherapy interventions for lymphoceles is provided. A high degree of variation across the different studies was observed. According to the Kruskal-Wallis test, there was no correlation between the sclerosant used and the sclerotherapy complication rate (P = .472) or the success rate (P = .591). There was also no correlation between the gender of the patient and the success rate; however, there was a significant difference in the complication rate by gender (P < .005). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, different sclerosant products have been used for therapy with no consensus on the most efficacious product because the success rate has been variable. In addition, the gender of the patient may influence the complication rates associated with sclerotherapy for lymphoceles in patients post-kidney transplant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ursula des Bordes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | | | - Benjamin S Dale
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kaur H, Rode S, Lonare S, Demiwal P, Narasimhappa P, Arun E, Kumar R, Das J, Ramamurthy PC, Sircar D, Sharma AK. Heterologous expression, biochemical characterization and prospects for insecticide biosensing potential of carboxylesterase Ha006a from Helicoverpa armigera. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2024; 200:105844. [PMID: 38582571 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Enzymes have attracted considerable scientific attention for their crucial role in detoxifying a wide range of harmful compounds. In today's global context, the extensive use of insecticides has emerged as a significant threat to the environment, sparking substantial concern. Insects, including economically important pests like Helicoverpa armigera, have developed resistance to conventional pest control methods through enzymes like carboxyl/cholinesterases. This study specifically focuses on a notable carboxyl/cholinesterase enzyme from Helicoverpa armigera (Ha006a), with the goal of harnessing its potential to combat environmental toxins. A total of six insecticides belonging to two different classes displayed varying inhibitory responses towards Ha006a, thereby rendering it effective in detoxifying a broader spectrum of insecticides. The significance of this research lies in discovering the bioremediation property of Ha006a, as it hydrolyzes synthetic pyrethroids (fenvalerate, λ-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin) and sequesters organophosphate (paraoxon ethyl, profenofos, and chlorpyrifos) insecticides. Additionally, the interaction studies between organophosphate insecticides and Ha006a helped in the fabrication of a novel electroanalytical sensor using a modified carbon paste electrode (MCPE). This sensor boasts impressive sensitivity, with detection limits of 0.019 μM, 0.15 μM, and 0.025 μM for paraoxon ethyl, profenofos, and chlorpyrifos, respectively. This study provides a comprehensive biochemical and biophysical characterization of the purified esterase Ha006a, showcasing its potential to remediate different classes of insecticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harry Kaur
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Surabhi Rode
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Sapna Lonare
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Pratibha Demiwal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Pavithra Narasimhappa
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Etisha Arun
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India; Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research (ICAR-CICR), Nagpur 440010, Maharashtra, India
| | - Joy Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India; Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research (ICAR-CICR), Nagpur 440010, Maharashtra, India
| | - Praveen C Ramamurthy
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Debabrata Sircar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
des Bordes U, Sharma AK. Combination therapy of dual sclerosants with glue embolization of calcitrant pancreatico-cutaneous fistula. Radiol Case Rep 2024; 19:227-229. [PMID: 38028285 PMCID: PMC10651420 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2023.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a case of 70-year-old male who had a very difficult to treat pancreatico-cutaneous fistula following surgery which we treated with combination of silver nitrate, betadine iodine and glue. Silver nitrate and betadine acted in combination to prevent infection while also causing sclerosis of the cavity and the fistula along with the glue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ursula des Bordes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gupta DN, Lonare S, Rani R, Singh A, Ghosh DK, Tomar S, Sharma AK. Comparative Analysis of Inhibitor Binding to Peroxiredoxins from Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus and Its Host Citrus sinensis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04798-y. [PMID: 38157153 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The peroxiredoxins (Prxs), potential drug targets, constitute an important class of antioxidant enzymes present in both pathogen and their host. The comparative binding potential of inhibitors to Prxs from pathogen and host could be an important step in drug development against pathogens. Huanglongbing (HLB) is a most devastating disease of citrus caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLa). In this study, the binding of conoidin-A (conoidin) and celastrol inhibitor molecules to peroxiredoxin of bacterioferritin comigratory protein family from CLa (CLaBCP) and its host plant peroxiredoxin from Citrus sinensis (CsPrx) was assessed. The CLaBCP has a lower specific activity than CsPrx and is efficiently inhibited by conoidin and celastrol molecules. The biophysical studies showed conformational changes and significant thermal stability of CLaBCP in the presence of inhibitor molecules as compared to CsPrx. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) studies revealed that the conoidin and celastrol inhibitor molecules have a strong binding affinity (KD) with CLaBCP at 33.0 µM, and 18.5 µM as compared to CsPrx at 52.0 µM and 61.6 µM, respectively. The docked complexes of inhibitor molecules showed more structural stability of CLaBCP as compared to CsPrx during the run of molecular dynamics-based simulations for 100 ns. The present study suggests that the conoidin and celastrol molecules can be exploited as potential inhibitor molecules against the CLa to manage the HLB disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deena Nath Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Sapna Lonare
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Ruchi Rani
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Ankur Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Ghosh
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - Shailly Tomar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sharma S, Gupta DN, Kushwah AS, Sharma AK, Prasad R. Identification and characterization of the Cyamopsis tetragonoloba transcription factor MYC (CtMYC) under drought stress. Gene 2023; 882:147654. [PMID: 37479095 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The MYC transcription factor (TF) has a variety of roles in abiotic stress responses of plants. In the present work, MYC TF named CtMYC (Cymopsis tetragonoloba) from guar plant, which is induced by drought stress, was identified. The mature leaves of guar were employed to detect the full-length CtMYC TF on the 8th day of drought stress. The CtMYC gene showed tissue-specific expression and up regulated under drought stress conditions as compared to the control and maximum expression was observed in mature leaves. Additionally, CtMYC TF was cloned and expressed in E. coli Rosetta cells and CtMYC protein was purified. The circular dichroism (CD) analysis revealed the presence of helical content and beta sheets and in the presence of genomic DNA the conformational changes were observed in secondary structure, which showed DNA binding potential of CtMYC. These results were analyzed by CD and fluorescence studies. In silico studies reveal the presence of conserved bHLH domain and DNA-binding amino acid residues His, Glu and Arg in CtMYC. This is first report on CtMYC TF with DNA binding potential that is responsive to drought. This study provides the structure and characterization of CtMYC TF and DNA binding ability in drought tolerance mechanism in guar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Deena Nath Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Ankita Singh Kushwah
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Ramasare Prasad
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Swain RK, Mohanty SS, Thakor M, Sharma AK. Assessment of thermal and temporal stability of SARS-CoV-2 samples using real-time qRT-PCR. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:8565-8573. [PMID: 37644371 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08740-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As per the guidelines of the Indian Council of Medical Research, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs in viral transport medium (VTM) are to be stored at 4 °C for less than 5 days and for more than 5 days at -70 °C. Samples are not transported or stored as per prescribed conditions because of the limitations, resulting in an apprehensive diagnosis. The aim of the study was to test the stability of the SARS-CoV-2 sample stored in VTM at different temperatures. METHODS In this study, the stability of 21 positive and 9 negative samples for SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated in commercial VTM at different temperatures (-80 °C, -20 °C, 4 °C, and 25 to 30 °C). Stability was checked for up to 50 days in the above storage conditions at different intervals. PathoDetect™ and Hi-PCR® kits were used for the detection of the four genes of SARS-CoV-2. The Cycle Threshold (Ct) value for determining the positivity of samples for PathoDetect™ was < 40 and for Hi-PCR® was < 38. RESULTS The SARS-CoV-2 confirmatory genes (RdRp and E genes) and the internal housekeeping gene remained detectable even on the 50th day of the study. The Ct of the RdRp and E genes were found to increase with storage duration, but all positive samples remained positive till the end of the study, or the Ct value remained below the cut-off level. The negative samples gave consistent results until the end of the study. When the differences in Ct values were compared between the days in a set of experiments, they were not significantly different except in a few samples. CONCLUSION The SARS-CoV-2 genetic materials in commercial VTM were stable at room temperature to -80 °C for 50 days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar Swain
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, MANIT, Bhopal, India
| | - S S Mohanty
- Virology Laboratory, Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute for Implementation Research on Non-Communicable Diseases (ICMR-NIIRNCD), New Pali Road, Jodhpur, 342005, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Mahendra Thakor
- Virology Laboratory, Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute for Implementation Research on Non-Communicable Diseases (ICMR-NIIRNCD), New Pali Road, Jodhpur, 342005, Rajasthan, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Virology Laboratory, Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute for Implementation Research on Non-Communicable Diseases (ICMR-NIIRNCD), New Pali Road, Jodhpur, 342005, Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Baran TM, Sharma AK. Photodynamic Therapy of an Abdominal Abscess at the Time of Percutaneous Drainage. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2023; 46:1292-1294. [PMID: 37464107 PMCID: PMC10812883 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-023-03504-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Baran
- Department of Imaging Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 648, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lonare S, Sharma M, Dalal V, Gubyad M, Kumar P, Nath Gupta D, Pareek A, Tomar S, Kumar Ghosh D, Kumar P, Kumar Sharma A. Identification and evaluation of potential inhibitor molecules against TcyA from Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. J Struct Biol 2023; 215:107992. [PMID: 37394197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2023.107992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Of the two putative amino acid binding periplasmic receptors of ABC transporter family in Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), cystine binding receptor (CLasTcyA) has been shown to mainly express in phloem of citrus plant and is a target for inhibitor development. The crystal structure of CLasTcyA in complex with substrates has been reported earlier. The present work reports the identification and evaluation of potential candidates for their inhibitory potential against CLasTcyA. Among many compounds, selected through virtual screening, and MD simulation, pimozide, clidinium, sulfasalazine and folic acid showed significantly higher affinities and stability in complex with CLasTcyA. The SPR studies with CLasTcyA revealed significantly higher binding affinities for pimozide and clidinium (Kd, 2.73 nM and 70 nM, respectively) as compared to cystine (Kd, 1.26 µM). The higher binding affinities could be attributed to significantly increased number of interactions in the binding pocket as evident from the crystal structures of CLasTcyA in complex with pimozide and clidinium as compared to cystine. The CLasTcyA possess relatively large binding pocket where bulkier inhibitors fit quite well. In planta studies, carried out to assess the effect of inhibitors on HLB infected Mosambi plants, showed significant reduction in CLas titre in plants treated with inhibitors as compared to control plants. The results showed that pimozide exhibited higher efficiency as compared to clidinium in reducing CLas titre in treated plants. Our results showed that the inhibitor development against critical proteins like CLasTcyA can be an important strategy in management of HLB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Lonare
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, India
| | - Monica Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, India
| | - Vikram Dalal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, India
| | - Mrugendra Gubyad
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - Pranav Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, India
| | - Deena Nath Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, India
| | - Akshay Pareek
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, India
| | - Shailly Tomar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Ghosh
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - Pravindra Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wicks JS, Dale BS, Ruffolo L, Pack LJ, Dunne R, Laryea MA, Hernandez-Alejandro R, Sharma AK. Comparable and Complimentary Modalities for Treatment of Small-Sized HCC: Surgical Resection, Radiofrequency Ablation, and Microwave Ablation. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5006. [PMID: 37568408 PMCID: PMC10419984 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12155006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past decade, there has been continual improvement in both ablative and surgical technologies for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The efficacy of ablative therapy compared to surgical resection for HCC has not been thoroughly evaluated using multiple large-scale randomized controlled trials. By international consensus, if a patient is eligible, surgery is the primary curative treatment option, as it is believed to confer superior oncologic control. OBJECTIVE to determine the efficacies of percutaneous ablative therapies and surgical resection (SR) in the treatment of HCC. Data sources, study appraisal, and synthesis methods: A meta-analysis using 5 online databases dating back to 1989 with more than 31,000 patients analyzing patient and tumor characteristics, median follow-up, overall survival, and complication rate was performed. RESULTS Ablative therapies are suitable alternatives to surgical resection in terms of survival and complication rates for comparable patient populations. For the entire length of the study from 1989-2019, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) produced the highest 5-year survival rates (59.6%), followed by microwave ablation (MWA) (50.7%) and surgical resection (SR) (49.9%). In the most recent era from 2006 to 2019, surgical resection has produced the highest 5-year survival rate of 72.8%, followed by RFA at 61.7% and MWA at 50.6%. Conclusions and key findings: Depending on the disease state and comorbidities of the patient, one modality may offer superior overall survival rates over the other available techniques. Interventional ablative methods and surgical resection should be used in conjunction for the successful treatment of small-sized HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S. Wicks
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Benjamin S. Dale
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (B.S.D.); (L.R.)
| | - Luis Ruffolo
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (B.S.D.); (L.R.)
| | - Ludia J. Pack
- Department of Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Richard Dunne
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Marie A. Laryea
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | | | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kumar R, Das J, Rode S, Kaur H, Shah V, Verma P, Sharma AK. Farnesol dehydrogenase from Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) as a promising target for pest management: molecular docking, in vitro and insect bioassay studies using geranylgeraniol as potential inhibitor. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:175. [PMID: 37188291 PMCID: PMC10175528 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03598-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) plays pivotal roles in several critical developmental processes in insects, including metamorphosis and reproduction. JH-biosynthetic pathway enzymes are considered highly promising targets for discovering novel insecticides. The oxidation of farnesol to farnesal, catalysed by farnesol dehydrogenase (FDL), represents a rate-limiting step in JH biosynthesis. Here, we report farnesol dehydrogenase (HaFDL) from H. armigera as a promising insecticidal target. The inhibitory potential of natural substrate analogue geranylgeraniol (GGol) was tested in vitro, wherein it showed a high binding affinity (kd 595 µM) for HaFDL in isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and subsequently exhibited dose-dependent enzyme inhibition in GC-MS coupled qualitative enzyme inhibition assay. Moreover, the experimentally determined inhibitory activity of GGol was augmented by the in silico molecular docking simulation which showed that GGol formed a stable complex with HaFDL, occupied the active site pocket and interacted with key active site residues (Ser147 and Tyr162) as well as other residues that are crucial in determining the active site architecture. Further, the diet-incorporated oral feeding of GGol caused detrimental effects on larval growth and development, exhibiting a significantly reduced rate of larval weight gain (P < 0.01), aberrant pupal and adult morphogenesis, and a cumulative mortality of ~ 63%. To the best of our knowledge, the study presents the first report on evaluating GGol as a potential inhibitor for HaFDL. Overall, the findings revealed the suitability of HaFDL as a potential insecticidal target for the management H. armigera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667 Uttarakhand India
- ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra India
| | - Joy Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667 Uttarakhand India
- ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra India
| | - Surabhi Rode
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667 Uttarakhand India
| | - Harry Kaur
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667 Uttarakhand India
| | - Vivek Shah
- ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra India
| | - Pooja Verma
- ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667 Uttarakhand India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wicks JS, Sharma M, Sharma AK. How to Deal with Burnout in Interventional Radiology? Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2023:10.1007/s00270-023-03464-4. [PMID: 37217648 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-023-03464-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Wicks
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Meenal Sharma
- Consultant Pathologist, Unity Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 648, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Das J, Kumar R, Shah V, Raghavendra KP, Sharma AK. Identification and functional characterisation of N-acetylglucosamine kinase from Helicoverpa armigera divulge its potential role in growth and development via UDP-GlcNAc salvage pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124674. [PMID: 37137348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
N-acetylglucosamine kinase (NAGK), a major enzyme of sugar-kinase/Hsp70/actin superfamily, catalyses the conversion of N-acetylglucosamine to GlcNAc-6-phosphate, the first step leading to the salvage synthesis of uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine. Here, we present the first report on identification, cloning, recombinant expression and functional characterisation of NAGK from Helicoverpa armigera (HaNAGK). The purified soluble HaNAGK exhibited a molecular mass of ~39 kDa with monomeric conformation. It catalysed the sequential transformation of GlcNAc into UDP-GlcNAc, indicating its role as the initiator of UDP-GlcNAc salvage pathway. HaNAGK exhibited ubiquitous expressions across all the developmental stages and major tissues of H. armigera. The gene was significantly upregulated (80 %; p < 0.01) by the moulting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone and significantly downregulated (89 %; p < 0.001) by the chitin synthesis inhibitor novaluron, indicating its involvement in ecdysis and chitin metabolism. Furthermore, RNAi of HaNAGK caused poor weight gain, deformed insect bodies, aberrant metamorphosis and pronounced wing abnormalities in >55 % of surviving adults, while recording 7.79 ± 1.52 % and 24.25 ± 7.21 % mortality during larval and pupal stages, respectively. Altogether, the present findings suggest that HaNAGK plays a crucial role in the growth and development of H. armigera and thus, could be considered as a compelling gene of interest while formulating novel pest management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joy Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India; ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India; ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vivek Shah
- ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - K P Raghavendra
- ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dhankhar P, Dalal V, Sharma AK, Kumar P. Structural insights at acidic pH of dye-decolorizing peroxidase from Bacillus subtilis. Proteins 2023; 91:508-517. [PMID: 36345957 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Dye-decolorizing peroxidases (DyPs), a type of heme-containing oxidoreductase enzymes, catalyze the peroxide-dependent oxidation of various industrial dyes as well as lignin and lignin model compounds. In our previous work, we have recently reported the crystal structures of class A-type DyP from Bacillus subtilis at pH 7.0 (BsDyP7), exposing the location of three binding sites for small substrates and high redox-potential substrates. The biochemical studies revealed the optimum acidic pH for enzyme activity. In the present study, the crystal structure of BsDyP at acidic pH (BsDyP4) reveals two-monomer units stabilized by intermolecular salt bridges and a hydrogen bond network in a homo-dimeric unit. Based on the monomeric structural comparison of BsDyP4 and BsDyP7, minor differences were observed in the loop regions, that is, LI (Ala64-Gln71), LII (Glu96-Lys108), LIII (Pro117-Leu124), and LIV (Leu295-Asp303). Despite these differences, BsDyP4 adopts similar heme architecture as well as three substrate-binding sites to BsDyP7. In BsDyP4, a shift in Asp187, heme pocket residue discloses the plausible reason for optimal acidic pH for BsDyP activity. This study provides insight into the structural changes in BsDyP at acidic pH, where BsDyP is biologically active.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Dhankhar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Vikram Dalal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Pravindra Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sharma M, Mathesh K, Dandapat P, Mariappan AK, Kumar R, Kumari S, Kapur V, Maan S, Jindal N, Bansal N, Kadiwar R, Kumar A, Gupta N, Pawde AM, Sharma AK. Emergence of Mycobacterium orygis-Associated Tuberculosis in Wild Ruminants, India. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:661-663. [PMID: 36823735 PMCID: PMC9973683 DOI: 10.3201/eid2903.221228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium orygis was detected in 2 spotted deer from a wildlife sanctuary in western India and an Indian bison from a national park in central India. Nationwide surveillance is urgently required to clarify the epidemiology of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex at the human-livestock-wildlife interface.
Collapse
|
19
|
Alam MS, Sharma M, Kumar R, Das J, Rode S, Kumar P, Prasad R, Sharma AK. In silico identification of potential phytochemical inhibitors targeting farnesyl diphosphate synthase of cotton bollworm ( Helicoverpa armigera). J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:1978-1987. [PMID: 35037838 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2025904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Helicoverpa armigera (Ha), a polyphagous pest, causes significant damage to several crop plants, including cotton. The control of this cosmopolitan pest is largely challenging due to the development of resistance to existing management practices. The Juvenile Hormone (JH) plays a pivotal role in the life cycle of insects by regulating their morphogenetic and gonadotropic development. Hence, enzymes involved in JH biosynthesis are an attractive target for the development of selective insecticides. Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS), a member protein of (E)-prenyl-transferases, is one of the most crucial enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of JHs. It catalyzes the condensation of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) with dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), forming farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), a precursor of JH. The study was designed to identify an effective small inhibitory molecule that could inhibit the activity of Helicoverpa armigera - FPPS (HaFPPS) for an effective pest control intervention. Therefore, a 3D model of FPPS protein was generated using homology modeling. The FooDB database library of small molecules was selected for virtual screening, following which binding affinities were evaluated using docking studies. Three top-scored molecules were analyzed for various pharmacophore properties. Further, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis showed that the identified molecules (mitraphylline-ZINC1607834, chlorogenic acid-ZINC2138728 and llagate-ZINC3872446) had a reasonably acceptable binding affinity for HaFPPS and resulted in the formation of a stable HaFPPS-inhibitor(s) complex. The identified phytochemical molecules may be used as potent inhibitors of HaFPPS thus, paving the way for further developing environment-friendly insect growth regulator(s). Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahid Alam
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Monica Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Joy Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Surabhi Rode
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Pravindra Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Ramasare Prasad
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chaudhary G, Pradhan AK, Shah S, Roy S, Singh V, Dwivedi SK, Sethi R, Chandra S, Vishwakarma P, Sharma AK, Bhandari M, Shukla A, Singh A. Unraveling the invisible demon: a study of the oxidative stress markers, antioxidant activities and inflammatory markers in patients admitted with complete heart block. Eur Heart J 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac779.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Introduction
Despite the recent advancements in the management of Complete Heart Block (CHB), the aetiology of CHB is still idiopathic in most of the cases. Our study explores this hitherto untouched aspect of complete heart block.
Purpose
We aimed to assess the aetiological profile of Complete Heart Block patients in our study.
Methods
The study population consisted of 60 patients with complete heart block aged between 30 to 80 years, attending as an inpatient in ER. Oxidative stress was measured by serum MDA, serum GSH, serum Catalase activity and serum SOD activity. Antioxidant activity was obtained by measuring the levels of serum total antioxidant capacity. Inflammatory stress was measured by IL-5 and TNF-alpha levels. These values were compared to 30 healthy controls with no prior history of smoking and diabetes mellitus.
Results
The mean age of the patient was 62.48 ± 7.98 years and the gender distribution was 37 males and 23 females out of 60 patients. The mean value of serum MDA (ng/mL) in cases is 1451.26 ± 206.32, and in controls, the mean value is 1197.98 ± 234.71 (p=<0.001). The mean value of serum GSH (mcg/mL) in cases is 46.982 ± 18.613, and in controls, the mean value is 54.155 ± 10.762 (p=0.027). The mean value of serum Catalase Activity (U/min/mg protein) in cases is 10.763 ± 4.038 and in controls, the mean value is 19.878 ± 7.787 (p=0.003). The mean value of serum SOD Activity (U/g) in cases is 24.950 ± 5.4565, and in controls, the mean value is 46.214 ± 14.6309 (p=0.891). The mean value of serum Total Antioxidant Capacity (U/mL) in cases is 5.546 ± 0.620 and in controls, the mean value is 8.346 ± 2.781 (p=0.025). The mean value of serum IL-5 (pg/mL) in cases is 481.442 ± 28.8995, and in controls, the mean value is 67.347 ± 20.445 (p<0.001). The mean value of serum TNF-ALFA (pg/mL) in cases is 196.741 ± 73.771, and in controls, the mean value is 144.530 ± 42.599 (p= 0.081).
Conclusions
During a complete heart block, SOD (p=0.891), CAT (p=0.003), GSH (p=0.027) and total antioxidant (TAOC) (p=0.025) were significantly decreased in cases, compared to healthy controls, thus suggesting that the elevated levels of oxidative free radicals causes endothelial dysfunctioning. The increase in ROS was observed by a highly significant increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) (p=<0.001) showing high ROS-mediated tissue damage. Besides damage by oxidative stress, our study suggests that there are certain inflammatory markers like TNF-α and IL-5 that actively participate in causing heart block. There was a significant increase in the concentration of IL-5 (p<0.001) in the cases as compared to the controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Chaudhary
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - A K Pradhan
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - S Shah
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - S Roy
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - V Singh
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - S K Dwivedi
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - R Sethi
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - S Chandra
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | | | - A K Sharma
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - M Bhandari
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - A Shukla
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - A Singh
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Roy S, Singh V, Ahmed J, Dwivedi SK, Sethi R, Chandra S, Pradhan AK, Vishwakarma P, Sharma AK, Bhandari M, Shukla A, Singh A, Chaudhary G. The surprises in optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in patients presenting with in-stent restenosis: the road less travelled. Eur Heart J 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac779.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
Morphological features of neointimal tissue play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of In-Stent Restenosis (ISR) after percutaneous coronary intervention, hence understanding these features and patterns is crucial.
Purpose
The present study was designed to qualitatively and quantitatively assess neointimal characteristics of lesions using OCT in patients presenting with ISR.
Methods
This was a single-center, prospective, observational study performed between 1st August 2020 and 30th December 2021 at a tertiary-care center in India. Patients diagnosed with stable angina and acute coronary syndrome with post-procedural angiographically documented restenosis (>50%) were included. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of neointimal hyperplasia patterns was performed using OCT.
Results
A total of 34 patients with ISR were studied. Neointimal hyperplasia was classified as (i) homogenous group (n=18) and (ii) non-homogenous group (n=16). As many as 14 (77.8%) diabetics belonged to the homogenous group. Predominant plaque characteristics such as neoatherosclerosis, cholesterol crystals, and calcium were documented in 14 (77.8%), 12 (66.7%), and 11 (61.1%) patients in the homogenous group and in 10 (62.5%), 10 (62.5%), and 9 (56.2%) patients in the non-homogenous group, respectively. Unexpanded stent struts were identified in 11 (61.1%) and 11 (68.8%) patients in the homogenous and non-homogenous groups, respectively. Mean strut thickness was 93.73 ± 31.03 µm and 83.54 ± 18.0 µm, ISR was 72.50 ± 15.93% and 65.37 ± 21.69%, the neointimal thickness was 588.06 ± 167.82 mm and 666.25 ± 218.05 mm, and neointimal hyperplasia was 54.54 ± 11.23% and 59.26 ± 8.86% in the homogenous and non-homogenous groups, respectively.
Conclusion
Neoatherosclerosis and stent underexpansion was predominantly observed in our study, which was in contrast to most of the existing literature [1,2,3], and only diabetes was found to be significantly associated with homogenous neointimal hyperplasia, irrespective of the generation of the stent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Roy
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - V Singh
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - J Ahmed
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - S K Dwivedi
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - R Sethi
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - S Chandra
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - A K Pradhan
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | | | - A K Sharma
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - M Bhandari
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - A Shukla
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - A Singh
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - G Chaudhary
- King George's Medical University , Lucknow , India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ghosh D, Kokane S, Savita BK, Kumar P, Sharma AK, Ozcan A, Kokane A, Santra S. Huanglongbing Pandemic: Current Challenges and Emerging Management Strategies. Plants (Basel) 2022; 12:plants12010160. [PMID: 36616289 PMCID: PMC9824665 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB, aka citrus greening), one of the most devastating diseases of citrus, has wreaked havoc on the global citrus industry in recent decades. The culprit behind such a gloomy scenario is the phloem-limited bacteria "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" (CLas), which are transmitted via psyllid. To date, there are no effective long-termcommercialized control measures for HLB, making it increasingly difficult to prevent the disease spread. To combat HLB effectively, introduction of multipronged management strategies towards controlling CLas population within the phloem system is deemed necessary. This article presents a comprehensive review of up-to-date scientific information about HLB, including currently available management practices and unprecedented challenges associated with the disease control. Additionally, a triangular disease management approach has been introduced targeting pathogen, host, and vector. Pathogen-targeting approaches include (i) inhibition of important proteins of CLas, (ii) use of the most efficient antimicrobial or immunity-inducing compounds to suppress the growth of CLas, and (iii) use of tools to suppress or kill the CLas. Approaches for targeting the host include (i) improvement of the host immune system, (ii) effective use of transgenic variety to build the host's resistance against CLas, and (iii) induction of systemic acquired resistance. Strategies for targeting the vector include (i) chemical and biological control and (ii) eradication of HLB-affected trees. Finally, a hypothetical model for integrated disease management has been discussed to mitigate the HLB pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Ghosh
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur 440033, India
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (A.K.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sunil Kokane
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur 440033, India
| | - Brajesh Kumar Savita
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Pranav Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (A.K.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Ali Ozcan
- Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70200 Karaman, Turkey
- Scientific and Technological Studies Application and Research Center, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70200 Karaman, Turkey
| | - Amol Kokane
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur 440033, India
| | - Swadeshmukul Santra
- Departments of Chemistry, Nano Science Technology Center, and Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (A.K.S.); (S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Thangaraj M, Gavade S, Leishangthem GD, Sharma AK. Haematological and cytopathological alterations in Theileria annulata induced bovine lymphadenopathy. EAMR 2022. [DOI: 10.52635/eamr/12.2.273-276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
24
|
Singh B, Kumar Sharma A. Impact of D-STATCOM and OLTC with Integrated Volt/var Control in Distribution System for Power Loss Minimization and Voltage Control. Smart Science 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2022.2074657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Singh
- Electrical Engineering Department, NIT Kurukshetra, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Das J, Kumar R, Shah V, Sharma AK. Functional characterization of chitin synthesis pathway genes, HaAGM and HaUAP, reveal their crucial roles in ecdysis and survival of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). Pestic Biochem Physiol 2022; 188:105273. [PMID: 36464378 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The chitin metabolic pathway is one of the most lucrative targets for designing pest management regimes. Inhibition of the chitin synthesis pathway causes detrimental effects on the normal growth and development of insects. Phospho-N-acetylglucosamine mutase (AGM) and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase (UAP) are two key chitin biosynthesis enzymes in insects including Helicoverpa armigera, a pest of global significance. In the present study, we have identified, cloned and recombinantly expressed AGM and UAP from H. armigera (HaAGM and HaUAP). Biochemical characterization of recombinant HaAGM and HaUAP exhibited high affinities for their natural substrates N-acetyl glucosamine-6-phosphate (Km 38.72 ± 2.41) and N-acetyl glucosamine-1-phosphate (Km 3.66 ± 0.13), respectively. In the coupled enzyme-catalytic assay, HaAGM and HaUAP yielded the end-products, inorganic pyrophosphate and UDP-GlcNAc, confirming their active participation in the chitin synthesis pathway of H. armigera. Gene expression profiling revealed that HaAGM and HaUAP genes were expressed in all developmental stages and key tissues. These genes also showed substantial responses towards the moulting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone and chitin biosynthesis inhibitor, novaluron. Remarkably, the RNAi-mediated knockdown of either HaAGM or HaUAP led to severe developmental deformities and significant mortality ranging from 65.61 to 72.54%. Overall findings suggest that HaAGM and HaUAP play crucial roles in the ecdysis and survival of H. armigera. Further, these genes could serve as potential targets for designing pest management strategies for H. armigera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joy Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India; ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India; ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vivek Shah
- ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Das P, Arora S, Sharma P, Nath SK, Sivasami K, Singh GK, Bahuguna A, Sapra D, Singh N, Sharma AK, Verma P, Bellad P, Gupta A, G B P, Ranjan Das DS. Gastrointestinal: IgA vasculitis as a rare cause of acute pancreatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:2027. [PMID: 35315539 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Das
- Department of Dermatology, Base Hospital Delhi Cantt and Army College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S Arora
- Department of Dermatology, Base Hospital Delhi Cantt and Army College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - P Sharma
- Department of Lab Sciences and Molecular Medicine, Army Hospital Research and Referral, New Delhi, India
| | - S K Nath
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Military Hospital Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Sivasami
- Department of Rheumatology, Army Hospital Research and Referral, New Delhi, India
| | - G K Singh
- Department of Dermatology, Base Hospital Delhi Cantt and Army College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A Bahuguna
- Department of Dermatology, Base Hospital Delhi Cantt and Army College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - D Sapra
- Department of Dermatology, Base Hospital Delhi Cantt and Army College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - N Singh
- Department of Dermatology, Base Hospital Delhi Cantt and Army College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Office of Director General Medical Services, New Delhi, India
| | - P Verma
- Department of Dermatology, Base Hospital Delhi Cantt and Army College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - P Bellad
- Department of Dermatology, Base Hospital Delhi Cantt and Army College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A Gupta
- Department of Dermatology, Base Hospital Delhi Cantt and Army College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - P G B
- Department of Dermatology, Base Hospital Delhi Cantt and Army College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - D S Ranjan Das
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Military Hospital Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chandramohan S, Mathesh K, Mallord JW, Naidoo V, Mahendran K, Kesavan M, Gaur GK, Pawde AM, Prakash N, Ranade S, Saikia D, Sharma AK, Shringarpure R, Green RE, Prakash VM. Metabolism of aceclofenac to diclofenac in the domestic water buffalo Bubalus bubalis confirms it as a threat to Critically Endangered Gyps vultures in South Asia. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 96:103984. [PMID: 36182041 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vulture declines in South Asia were caused by accidental poisoning by the veterinary non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac. Although veterinary use of diclofenac has been banned, other vulture-toxic NSAIDs are legally available, including aceclofenac, which has been shown to metabolise into diclofenac in domestic cattle. We gave nine domestic water buffalo the recommended dose of aceclofenac (2 mg kg-1 body weight), collected blood at intervals up to 48 h, and carried out a pharmacokinetic analysis of aceclofenac and its metabolite diclofenac in plasma. Aceclofenac was rapidly converted to diclofenac, and was barely detectable in plasma at any sampling time. Diclofenac was present within 20 min, and peaked 4-8 h after dosing. Aceclofenac is a prodrug of diclofenac, and behaves similarly in domestic water buffalo as it did in domestic cattle, posing the same risk to vultures. We recommend an immediate ban on the veterinary use of aceclofenac across vulture-range countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Chandramohan
- Centre for Wildlife, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Karikalan Mathesh
- Centre for Wildlife, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - John W Mallord
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK.
| | - Vinny Naidoo
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Gauteng 0110, South Africa
| | - K Mahendran
- Centre for Wildlife, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Manickam Kesavan
- Centre for Wildlife, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Gyanendra K Gaur
- Centre for Wildlife, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Abhijit M Pawde
- Centre for Wildlife, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Nikita Prakash
- Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Opp Lion Gate, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Road, Fort, Mumbai 400 001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sachin Ranade
- Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Opp Lion Gate, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Road, Fort, Mumbai 400 001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Debasish Saikia
- Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Opp Lion Gate, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Road, Fort, Mumbai 400 001, Maharashtra, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Centre for Wildlife, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Rohan Shringarpure
- Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Opp Lion Gate, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Road, Fort, Mumbai 400 001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rhys E Green
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, David Attenborough Building, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - Vibhu M Prakash
- Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Opp Lion Gate, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Road, Fort, Mumbai 400 001, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gautam YP, Sharma AK, Kumar D, Kumar V, Tripathi AR, Kumar J, Saradhi IV, Kumar AV. SITE-SPECIFIC DRY AND WET DEPOSITION VELOCITIES USING 7BE AND MASS INTERCEPTION FACTOR FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF PLANT LEAVES AT NARORA SITE, INDIA. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2022; 198:1258-1264. [PMID: 35870198 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive studies were carried out during the period 2016-19 on the estimation of site-specific wet and dry deposition velocities and the mass interception factor for Narora site based on the concentrations of 7Be in air, air deposits, rain water and vegetation samples. Mean wet and dry deposition velocities for Narora site were found to be 1.64E-2 and 1.58E-3 m s-1, respectively. Mass interception factors for vegetation found to be 0.34-2.51 m2 kg-1 dry weight with a mean of 0.97 m2 kg-1 dry weight. The obtained parameters shall be used for estimation of impact due to radionuclide related to Narora Atomic Power station.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y P Gautam
- Environmental Survey Laboratory, Department: Environmental Monitoring & Assessment Division, BARC, Narora Atomic Power Station, Narora, Bulandshahar, U.P. 202 389, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Environmental Survey Laboratory, Department: Environmental Monitoring & Assessment Division, BARC, Narora Atomic Power Station, Narora, Bulandshahar, U.P. 202 389, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Environmental Survey Laboratory, Department: Environmental Monitoring & Assessment Division, BARC, Narora Atomic Power Station, Narora, Bulandshahar, U.P. 202 389, India
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Environmental Survey Laboratory, Department: Environmental Monitoring & Assessment Division, BARC, Narora Atomic Power Station, Narora, Bulandshahar, U.P. 202 389, India
| | - A R Tripathi
- Environmental Survey Laboratory, Department: Environmental Monitoring & Assessment Division, BARC, Narora Atomic Power Station, Narora, Bulandshahar, U.P. 202 389, India
| | - J Kumar
- Environmental Survey Laboratory, Department: Environmental Monitoring & Assessment Division, BARC, Narora Atomic Power Station, Narora, Bulandshahar, U.P. 202 389, India
| | - I V Saradhi
- Environmental Survey Laboratory, Department: Environmental Monitoring & Assessment Division, BARC, Narora Atomic Power Station, Narora, Bulandshahar, U.P. 202 389, India
- EMAD, BARC, Trombay, Mumbai, India
| | - A Vinod Kumar
- Environmental Survey Laboratory, Department: Environmental Monitoring & Assessment Division, BARC, Narora Atomic Power Station, Narora, Bulandshahar, U.P. 202 389, India
- EMAD, BARC, Trombay, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sharma M, Karikalan M, Dandapat P, Asok Kumar M, Beena V, Chandra Mohan S, Ilayaraja S, Mathur A, Bhawal A, Pawde AM, Sharma AK. Tuberculosis in free-ranging and captive wild animals: Pathological and molecular diagnosis with histomorphological differentiation of granulomatous lesions. Microb Pathog 2022; 172:105752. [PMID: 36108989 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious zoonotic threat, impacting the human-livestock-wildlife interface globally. Here, we evaluated the status and histomorphological differentiation of TB lesions in 89 morbid cases of wild animals (bovids, cervids, carnivores, non-human primates, and pachyderms) in India. Histomorphological and molecular studies were done using Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining, immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), whereas cultural isolation was performed on selected samples. A total of 32 (35.95%) cases were confirmed as TB, comprising of 12 carnivores, 09 bovids, 06 cervids, 04 non-human primates, and a pachyderm. The TB lesions in the lungs, liver, and lymph nodes varied from the large-sized caseous nodules filled with dry cheesy material in bovids and cervids to variable-sized cavitations containing liquefied caseum in carnivores' lungs. The lungs, livers, and spleens of non-human primates exhibited small to medium-sized nodules. Histologically, lesions were divided into four categories (Types I, II, III, and IV) based on the extent of necrosis, the presence of mineralization, giant cells, and fibrous encapsulation. Extensive caseous necrosis with calcification, abundant giant cells, and thick fibroblastic encapsulation were consistent findings in the lungs, livers, and lymph nodes of bovids and cervids, whereas airway impaction with cellular exudate containing a teeming number of acid-fast bacilli and, at times, alveolar rupture leading to cavity formation was present in the lungs of carnivores. Absence of calcification and fibrous encapsulation was recorded in lungs of non-human primates. Immunohistochemical labelling with anti-early secretory antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP-10) antibodies showed mild, moderate, and intense positive reactions in type II and III, type I, and type IV granulomatous lesions, respectively. Molecular detection by PCR revealed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (12 carnivores, 02 non-human primates and 01 pachyderm), M. bovis (02 cervids and 01 bovid) and M. orygis (02 cervids and 01 bovid). Cultural isolation confirmed M. tuberculosis in 03 carnivores and M. orygis in 02 cervids and 01 bovid. Our findings imply that TB is quite prevalent in the wildlife of India and there are considerable differences in the histomorphological lesions induced by distinct Mycobacterium species in different wild animals. The circulation of TB organisms in wild animals warrants a strict surveillance programme to identify the carrier status of these animals so that effective TB control strategies can be formulated to prevent spillover and spillback incidences at the human-livestock-wildlife interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megha Sharma
- ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Karikalan
- ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - P Dandapat
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kolkata (WB), India
| | - M Asok Kumar
- ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V Beena
- ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Chandra Mohan
- ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Ilayaraja
- Deputy Director, Agra Bear Rescue Centre, Wildlife SOS, Keetham, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Senior Veterinary Officer, Nahargarh Biological Park, Rajasthan, India
| | - Abhijit Bhawal
- Veterinary Officer, National Zoological Park, New Delhi, India
| | - A M Pawde
- ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A K Sharma
- ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kumar R, Das J, Mahto JK, Sharma M, Vivek S, Kumar P, Sharma AK. Crystal structure and molecular characterization of NADP +-farnesol dehydrogenase from cotton bollworm, Helicoverpaarmigera. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 147:103812. [PMID: 35820537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Farnesol dehydrogenase (FDL) orchestrates the oxidation reaction catalyzing farnesol to farnesal, a key step in the juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis pathway of insects and hence, represents a lucrative target for developing insect growth regulators (IGRs). However, information on the structural and functional characterization of JH-specific farnesol dehydrogenase in insects remains elusive. Herein, we identified a transcript that encodes farnesol dehydrogenase (HaFDL) from Helicoverpa armigera, a major pest of cotton. The investigations of molecular assembly, biochemical analysis and spatio-temporal expression profiling showed that HaFDL exists as a soluble homo-tetrameric form, exhibits a broad substrate affinity and is involved in the JH-specific farnesol oxidation in H. armigera. Additionally, the study presents the first crystal structure of the HaFDL-NADP enzyme complex determined at 1.6 Å resolution. Structural analysis revealed that HaFDL belongs to the NADP-specific cP2 subfamily of the classical short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family and exhibits typical structural features of those enzymes including the conserved nucleotide-binding Rossman-fold. The isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) showed a high binding affinity (dissociation constant, Kd, 3.43 μM) of NADP to the enzyme. Comparative structural analysis showed a distinct substrate-binding pocket (SBP) loop with a spacious and hydrophobic substrate-binding pocket in HaFDL, consistent with the biochemically observed promiscuous substrate specificity. Finally, based on the crystal structure, substrate modeling and structural comparison with homologs, a two-step reaction mechanism is proposed. Overall, the findings significantly impact and contribute to our understanding of farnesol dehydrogenase functional properties in JH biosynthesis in H. armigera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India; ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, India
| | - Joy Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India; ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, India
| | - Jai Krishna Mahto
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India
| | - Monica Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India
| | - Shah Vivek
- ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, India
| | - Pravindra Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gupta DN, Dalal V, Savita BK, Alam MS, Singh A, Gubyad M, Ghosh DK, Kumar P, Sharma AK. Biochemical characterization and structure-based in silico screening of potent inhibitor molecules against the 1 cys peroxiredoxin of bacterioferritin comigratory protein family from Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-13. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2096118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deena Nath Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Vikram Dalal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Brajesh Kumar Savita
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Md Shahid Alam
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Anamika Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Mrugendra Gubyad
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Kachimet, Nagpur, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Ghosh
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Kachimet, Nagpur, India
| | - Pravindra Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jha D, Thiruveedula PK, Pathak R, Kumar B, Gautam HK, Agnihotri S, Sharma AK, Kumar P. Corrigendum to "Multifunctional biosynthesized silver nanoparticles exhibiting excellent antimicrobial potential against multi-drug resistant microbes along with remarkable anticancerous properties" [Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 80 (2017) 659-669]. Biomater Adv 2022; 137:212816. [PMID: 35929254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Jha
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, Delhi 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Prasanna Kumar Thiruveedula
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, Delhi 110025, India
| | - Rajiv Pathak
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, Delhi 110025, India
| | - Bipul Kumar
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, Delhi 110025, India
| | - Hemant K Gautam
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, Delhi 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Shrish Agnihotri
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Singh B, Sharma AK. Impact of Electric Vehicle Load Demand and Energy Storage Device in Integrated Renewable Energy Sources. Smart Science 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2022.2074658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Singh
- Electrical Engineering department, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bind S, Bind S, Sharma AK, Chaturvedi P. Epigenetic Modification: A Key Tool for Secondary Metabolite Production in Microorganisms. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:784109. [PMID: 35495688 PMCID: PMC9043899 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.784109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are stupendous source of secondary metabolites, having significant pharmaceutical and industrial importance. Genome mining has led to the detection of several cryptic metabolic pathways in the natural producer of secondary metabolites (SMs) such as actinobacteria and fungi. Production of these bioactive compounds in considerable amount is, however, somewhat challenging. This led to the search of using epigenetics as a key mechanism to alter the expression of genes that encode the SMs toward higher production in microorganisms. Epigenetics is defined as any heritable change without involving the changes in the underlying DNA sequences. Epigenetic modifications include chromatin remodeling by histone posttranslational modifications, DNA methylation, and RNA interference. Biosynthetic gene cluster for SMs remains in heterochromatin state in which the transcription of constitutive gene is regulated by epigenetic modification. Therefore, small-molecule epigenetic modifiers, which promote changes in the structure of chromatin, could control the expression of silent genes and may be rationally employed for discovery of novel bioactive compounds. This review article focuses on the types of epigenetic modifications and their impact on gene expression for enhancement of SM production in microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Bind
- Department of Biological Sciences, CBSH, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Sandhya Bind
- Department of Biological Sciences, CBSH, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, CBSH, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Preeti Chaturvedi
- Department of Biological Sciences, CBSH, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gupta DN, Rani R, Kokane AD, Ghosh DK, Tomar S, Sharma AK. Characterization of a cytoplasmic 2-Cys peroxiredoxin from Citrus sinensis and its potential role in protection from oxidative damage and wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1088-1099. [PMID: 35452700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In present work, the recombinant cytoplasmic 2-Cys peroxiredoxin from Citrus sinensis (CsPrx) was purified and characterized. The peroxidase activity was examined with different substrates using DTT, a non-physiological electron donor. The conformational studies, in oxidized and reduced states, were performed using circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence measurement. The CD analysis showed higher α-helical content for reduced state of the protein. The thermal stability studies of CsPrx by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showed that oxidized state is more stable as compared to the reduced state of CsPrx. In vitro studies showed that the CsPrx provides a protective shield against ROS and free radicals that participate in the degradation of plasmid DNA. The pre-treatment of 10 μM CsPrx provide almost 100% protection against peroxide-mediated cell killing in the Vero cells. CsPrx showed significant cell proliferation and wound healing properties. The superior morphology of viable cells and wound closure was found at 20 μM CsPrx treated for 12 h. The results demonstrated that CsPrx is a multifaceted protein with a significant role in cell proliferation, wound healing and protection against hydrogen peroxide-induced cellular damage. This could be the first report of a plant peroxiredoxin being characterized for biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deena Nath Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India
| | - Ruchi Rani
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India
| | - Amol D Kokane
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Ghosh
- Plant Virology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - Shailly Tomar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chandramohan S, Mallord JW, Mathesh K, Sharma AK, Mahendran K, Kesavan M, Gupta R, Chutia K, Pawde A, Prakash NV, Ravichandran P, Saikia D, Shringarpure R, Timung A, Galligan TH, Green RE, Prakash VM. Experimental safety testing shows that the NSAID tolfenamic acid is not toxic to Gyps vultures in India at concentrations likely to be encountered in cattle carcasses. Sci Total Environ 2022; 809:152088. [PMID: 34861305 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Population declines of Gyps vultures across the Indian subcontinent were caused by unintentional poisoning by the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac. Subsequently, a number of other NSAIDs have been identified as toxic to vultures, while one, meloxicam, is safe at concentrations likely to be encountered by vultures in the wild. Other vulture-safe drugs need to be identified to reduce the use of those toxic to vultures. We report on safety-testing experiments on the NSAID tolfenamic acid on captive vultures of three Gyps species, all of which are susceptible to diclofenac poisoning. Firstly, we estimated the maximum level of exposure (MLE) of wild vultures and gave this dose to 40 Near Threatened Himalayan Griffons G. himalayensis by oral gavage, with 15 control birds dosed with benzyl alcohol (the carrier solution for tolfenamic acid). Two birds given tolfenamic acid died with elevated uric acid levels and severe visceral gout, while the remainder showed no adverse clinical or biochemical signs. Secondly, four G. himalayensis were fed tissues from water buffaloes which had been treated with double the recommended veterinary dose of tolfenamic acid prior to death and compared to two birds fed uncontaminated tissue; none suffered any clinical effects. Finally, two captive Critically Endangered vultures, one G. bengalensis and one G. indicus, were given the MLE dose by gavage and compared to two control birds; again, none suffered any clinical effects. The death of two G. himalayensis may have been an anomaly due to i) the high dose level used and ii) the high ambient temperatures at the time of the experiment. Tolfenamic acid is likely to be safe to Gyps vultures at concentrations encountered by wild birds and could therefore be promoted as a safe alternative to toxic NSAIDs. It is manufactured in the region, and is increasingly being used to treat livestock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Chandramohan
- Centre for Wildlife, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - John W Mallord
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK.
| | - Karikalan Mathesh
- Centre for Wildlife, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Centre for Wildlife, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - K Mahendran
- Centre for Wildlife, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Manickam Kesavan
- Centre for Wildlife, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Reena Gupta
- Centre for Wildlife, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Krishna Chutia
- Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Mumbai 400023, India
| | - Abhijit Pawde
- Centre for Wildlife, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Nikita V Prakash
- Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Mumbai 400023, India
| | - P Ravichandran
- Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Mumbai 400023, India
| | - Debasish Saikia
- Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Mumbai 400023, India
| | | | - Avinash Timung
- Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Mumbai 400023, India
| | - Toby H Galligan
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK
| | - Rhys E Green
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK; Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Vibhu M Prakash
- Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Mumbai 400023, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Dadarwal A, Roy S, Sharma AK, Sharma KK. Optical coherence tomography versus angiography to guide percutaneous intervention: a real-world single center propensity-matched analysis. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab849.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) with its superior resolution has several benefits over coronary angiography (CA) to guide percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Despite the benefits of OCT in comparison with angiography, it is not widely used in developing countries like India data is limited in India specifically in all comer population to meet unmet need.
Objective
Here we aim to determine the clinical efficacy and safety outcomes of OCT versus CA alone in guiding PCI in all-comer patients.
Methods
This was a retrospective study which included 434 all comer patients which were propensity matched. These patients underwent PCI at our center between December 2018 and June 2020. The primary endpoint was MACE, a composite of cardiovascular death, repeat revascularization, stent thrombosis, recurrent ischemia and target vessel myocardial infarction (TV-MI) at 6 months. Secondary endpoint was target lesion failure (TLF), composite of stent thrombosis and in-stent restenosis. Safety endpoints were post-PCI s. creatinine and hospital stay and other outcome includes post PCI rise in CK-MB.
Results
A total of 217 patients were included in each group: the OCT group and conventional angiography guided PCI (angio group) after propensity matching. Compared to angio group, patients presenting with unstable angina, NSTEMI were significantly higher in the OCT group (55.7% vs 43.3%, p = 0.0095; 17.5% vs 10%, p = 0.02, respectively) while patients with STEMI were significantly low in the OCT (23.5% vs 41.5%, p = 0.00005). Number of balloons, maximum balloon size and left main interventions and contrast volume were more in OCT group than angio group (4.21 ± 1.67 vs 3.86 ± 1.76, P= 0.0034; 3.77 ± 0.63 mm vs 3.51 ± 0.52 mm,P < 0.0001; 24.52% vs 13.36 %,P = 0.003 and 202.53 ± 73.15 ml vs 161.91 ± 69.23 ml, P< 0.0001 respectively). The incidence of MACE at 6 months was numerically lower in the OCT group vs angio group but the difference was not statistically significant (15 [6.9%] vs 21 [9.7%]; p = 0.2964). No cases of TV-MI, TLF (stent thrombosis or in-stent restenosis) is observed in both the groups. Post procedure rise in CKMB was more in Angio group in comparison to OCT group (6.16 ± 31.28 ng/ml vs 39.5 ± 108.71 ng/ml, p < 0.001). Optimal stent expansion (>80%) was seen in 71.5% patients in post OCT-guided PCI. In OCT guided PCI group, OCT identified stent underexpansion in 28.5%, stent malapposition in 3.7%, stent edge dissection in 4.1%, and tissue prolapse in 10% of the patients.
Conclusion
In this large retrospective study, OCT guided PCI is feasible and OCT-guided PCI has tendency to improve clinical outcomes at six months follow up compared to conventional angiography guided PCI in all comer patients. Abstract Figure. central illustration Abstract Figure. Identification of PCI complications
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - S Roy
- Fortis Escorts Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | | | - K K Sharma
- Lal Bahadur Shastri College Of Pharmacy, Pharmacology, Jaipur, India
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
|
39
|
Gautam R, Rajoura OP, Sharma AK, Rajpal, Bhatia MS. Socio-demographic features and quality of life post burn injury. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:1032-1035. [PMID: 35495786 PMCID: PMC9051735 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1172_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Burn injury is a highly devastating injury accounting for the major cause of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost mostly in developing countries. Physical trauma, body disfigurement, the social stigma associated with injury completely shatter an individual’s life. Aim: To study the quality of life among burn injury patients. Methodology: A cross-sectional hospital-based descriptive study was done on 150 burn injury patients. During the initial recruitment from Burns and Plastic Surgery Ward, socio-demographic profile and burn incident-related data were collected, whereas the WHO QoL-BREF tool was applied after 3 months of discharge during a follow-up visit in the outpatient department of Burns and Plastic Surgery to assess the quality of life among subjects. Data were compiled in MS Excel and statistical analysis was done using SPSS 20 version. Results: The study revealed poor quality of life among four domains of QoL; it was most inferior in the psychological domain followed by the physical health domain, environment domain, and social relationship domain. Conclusion: Advancement in the medical field has improved the survival rate in victims although the patients recover from the acute painful phase of physical trauma. However, the psychological and social impacts of injury remain unaddressed leading to a poor QoL. There is a need for an integrated approach for prevention and enhancement of the quality of care for the victims in all four domains of life. More emphasis is needed on rehabilitative care for long-term improvement in the QoL of the affected person.
Collapse
|
40
|
Thakur A, Dixit AK, Sharma AK, Kumar S, Sendhil R, Singh .AK. Adoption of food safety practices in the informal milk processing units of Haryana, India – A value chain approach. IJDS 2021. [DOI: 10.33785/ijds.2021.v74i06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
41
|
Dhankhar P, Dalal V, Singh V, Sharma AK, Kumar P. Structure of dye-decolorizing peroxidase from Bacillus subtilis in complex with veratryl alcohol. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:601-608. [PMID: 34687768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dye-decolorizing peroxidases (DyPs) are heme-containing peroxidases, which have promising application in biodegradation of phenolic lignin compounds and in detoxification of dyes. In this study, the crystal structure of BsDyP- veratryl alcohol (VA) complex delves deep into the binding of small substrate molecules within the DyP heme cavity. The biochemical analysis shows that BsDyP oxidizes the VA with a turnover number of 0.065 s-1, followed by the oxidation of 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (DMP) and guaiacol with a comparable turnover number (kcat) of 0.07 s-1 and 0.07 s-1, respectively. Moreover, biophysical and computational studies reveal the comparable binding affinity of substrates to BsDyP and produce lower-energy stable BsDyP-ligand(s) complexes. All together with our previous findings, we are providing a complete structural description of substrate-binding sites in DyP. The structural insight of BsDyP helps to modulate its engineering to enhance the activity towards the oxidation of a wide range of substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Dhankhar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Vikram Dalal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Vishakha Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Pravindra Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667, India.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Neetu N, Katiki M, Mahto JK, Sharma M, Narayanan A, Maity S, Tomar S, Ambatipudi K, Sharma AK, Yernool D, Kumar P. Deciphering the enigma of missing DNA binding domain of LacI family transcription factors. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 713:109060. [PMID: 34666048 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Catabolite repressor activator (Cra) is a member of the LacI family transcriptional regulator distributed across a wide range of bacteria and regulates the carbon metabolism and virulence gene expression. In numerous studies to crystallize the apo form of the LacI family transcription factor, the N-terminal domain (NTD), which functions as a DNA-binding domain, has been enigmatically missing from the final resolved structures. It was speculated that the NTD is disordered or unstable and gets cleaved during crystallization. Here, we have determined the crystal structure of Cra from Escherichia coli (EcCra). The structure revealed a well-defined electron density for the C-terminal domain (CTD). However, electron density was missing for the first 56 amino acids (NTD). Our data reveal for the first time that EcCra undergoes a spontaneous cleavage at the conserved Asn 50 (N50) site, which separates the N-terminal DNA binding domain from the C-terminal effector molecule binding domain. With the site-directed mutagenesis, we confirm the involvement of residue N50 in the spontaneous cleavage phenomenon. Furthermore, the Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) assay of the EcCra-NTD with DNA showed EcCra-NTD is in a functional conformation state and retains its DNA binding activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Neetu
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Madhusudhanarao Katiki
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Jai Krishna Mahto
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Monica Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Anoop Narayanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Sudipa Maity
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Shailly Tomar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Kiran Ambatipudi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Dinesh Yernool
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Pravindra Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Savita BK, Dalal V, Choudhary S, Gupta DN, Das N, Tomar S, Kumar P, Roy P, Sharma AK. Characterization of recombinant pumpkin 2S albumin and mutation studies to unravel potential DNA/RNA binding site. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 580:28-34. [PMID: 34610489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The native pumpkin 2S albumin, a multifunctional protein, possess a variety of potential biotechnologically exploitable properties. The present study reports the characterization of recombinant pumpkin 2S albumin (rP2SA) and unraveling of its potential DNA/RNA binding site. The purification and characterization of the rP2SA established that it retains the characteristic α-helical structure and exhibited comparable DNase, RNase, antifungal and anti-proliferative activities as native protein. In vitro studies revealed that rP2SA exhibits potent antiviral activity against chikungunya virus (CHIKV) at a non-toxic concentration with an IC50 of 114.5 μg/mL. In silico studies and site-directed mutagenesis were employed to unravel the potential DNA/RNA binding site. A strong positive charge distribution due to presence of many arginine residues in proximity of helix 5 was identified as a potential site. The two of the arginine residues, conserved in some 2S albumins, were selected for the mutation studies. The mutated forms of recombinant protein (R84A and R91A) showed a drastic reduction in DNase and RNase activities suggesting their presence at binding site and involvement in the nuclease activity. A metal binding site was also identified adjacent to DNA/RNA binding site. The present study demonstrated the structural and functional integrity of the rP2SA and reports potential antiviral activity against CHIKV. Further, potential DNA/RNA binding site was unraveled through mutation studies and bioinformatics analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brajesh Kumar Savita
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India
| | - Vikram Dalal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India
| | - Shweta Choudhary
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India
| | - Deena Nath Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India
| | - Neeladrisingha Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India
| | - Shailly Tomar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India
| | - Pravindra Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
|
45
|
Mahto JK, Neetu N, Waghmode B, Kuatsjah E, Sharma M, Sircar D, Sharma AK, Tomar S, Eltis LD, Kumar P. Molecular insights into substrate recognition and catalysis by phthalate dioxygenase from Comamonas testosteroni. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101416. [PMID: 34800435 PMCID: PMC8649396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalate, a plasticizer, endocrine disruptor, and potential carcinogen, is degraded by a variety of bacteria. This degradation is initiated by phthalate dioxygenase (PDO), a Rieske oxygenase (RO) that catalyzes the dihydroxylation of phthalate to a dihydrodiol. PDO has long served as a model for understanding ROs despite a lack of structural data. Here we purified PDOKF1 from Comamonas testosteroni KF1 and found that it had an apparent kcat/Km for phthalate of 0.58 ± 0.09 μM-1s-1, over 25-fold greater than for terephthalate. The crystal structure of the enzyme at 2.1 Å resolution revealed that it is a hexamer comprising two stacked α3 trimers, a configuration not previously observed in RO crystal structures. We show that within each trimer, the protomers adopt a head-to-tail configuration typical of ROs. The stacking of the trimers is stabilized by two extended helices, which make the catalytic domain of PDOKF1 larger than that of other characterized ROs. Complexes of PDOKF1 with phthalate and terephthalate revealed that Arg207 and Arg244, two residues on one face of the active site, position these substrates for regiospecific hydroxylation. Consistent with their roles as determinants of substrate specificity, substitution of either residue with alanine yielded variants that did not detectably turnover phthalate. Together, these results provide critical insights into a pollutant-degrading enzyme that has served as a paradigm for ROs and facilitate the engineering of this enzyme for bioremediation and biocatalytic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jai Krishna Mahto
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Neetu Neetu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | | | - Eugene Kuatsjah
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Monica Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Debabrata Sircar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | | | - Shailly Tomar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Lindsay D Eltis
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Pravindra Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, India.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sharma S, Kaur T, Sharma AK, Singh B, Pathak D, Yadav HN, Singh AP. Betaine attenuates sodium arsenite-induced renal dysfunction in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2488-2495. [PMID: 34380335 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1959699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to higher levels of arsenic is a serious threat affecting human health worldwide. We investigated the protective role of betaine (N,N,N-trimethylglycine) against sodium arsenite-induced renal dysfunction in rats. Sodium arsenite (5 mg/kg, oral) was given to rats for 4 weeks to induce nephrotoxicity. Betaine (125 and 250 mg/kg, oral) was administered in rats for 4 weeks along with sodium-arsenite feeding. Arsenic-induced renal dysfunction was demonstrated by measuring serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, urea, uric acid, potassium, fractional excretion of sodium, and microproteinuria. Oxidative stress in rat kidneys was determined by assaying thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, superoxide anion generation, and reduced glutathione levels. Furthermore, hydroxyproline assay was done to assess renal fibrosis in arsenic intoxicated rats. Hematoxylin-eosin and picrosirius red staining revealed pathological alterations in rat kidneys. Renal endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression was determined by immuno-histochemistry. Concurrent administration of betaine abrogated arsenic-induced renal biochemical and histological changes in rats. Betaine treatment significantly attenuated arsenic-induced decrease in renal eNOS expression. In conclusion, betaine is protective against sodium arsenite-induced renal dysfunction, which may be attributed to its anti-oxidant activity and modulation of renal eNOS expression in rat kidneys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumedha Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Tajpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Balbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Devendra Pathak
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | | | - Amrit Pal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yadav S, Sharma AK, Kumar P. Tight Binding of Plasmid DNA With Self-Assembled Tetramethylguanidinium Conjugated Polyethylenimine Suppresses Transfection Efficiency. Front Nanotechnol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.674360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we have demonstrated that on modification of linear polyethylenimine (lPEI, LP) with amphiphilic 3-bromopropyltetramethylguanidinium (PTMG) linker, the transfection efficiency exhibited by the modified polymers decreased while cell viability improved. A series of LP-PTMG polymers was synthesized by the reaction of varying amounts of 3-bromopropyl tetramethylguanidinium linker with lPEI (25 kDa). These modified polymers interacted efficiently with pDNA and formed nanosized complexes as shown by dynamic light scattering analysis. The size of the complexes in the series LP-PTMG/pDNA was observed in the range of ∼178–205 nm. The interaction of modified polymers with plasmid DNA was stronger than linear PEI as evidenced by heparin release assay which showed ∼83% pDNA release from LP-PTMG-3/pDNA complexes in comparison to ∼95% in lPEI/pDNA complexes on treatment with same amount of heparin suggesting the formation of self-assembled structures in modified polymers. The transfection studies in HeLa and Chinese hamster ovary cells showed a decrease in transfection efficiency of LP-PTMG polymers, the reason for this may be strong binding of modified polymers with pDNA due to accumulation of charge on the surface. This finding showed the significance of optimum binding of polymer and DNA to form polyplexes as well as release of DNA from the polyplexes.
Collapse
|
48
|
Sharma AK, Kaur A, Kaur J, Kaur G, Chawla A, Khanna M, Kaur H, Kaur H, Kaur T, Singh AP. Ameliorative Role of Diallyl Disulfide Against Glycerol-induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13:129-135. [PMID: 34084059 PMCID: PMC8142911 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_177_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study investigated the role of diallyl disulfide (DADS) against glycerol-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Moreover, the role of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) in DADS-mediated renoprotection has been explored. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar albino rats were challenged with glycerol (50% w/v, 8 mL/kg intramuscular) to induce nephrotoxicity. Kidney injury was quantified by measuring serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, urea, potassium, fractional excretion of sodium, and microproteinuria in rats. Renal oxidative stress was measured in terms of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, superoxide anion generation, and reduced glutathione levels. Hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) and periodic acid Schiff staining of renal samples was done to show histological changes. Glycerol-induced muscle damage was quantified by assaying creatine kinase (CK) levels in rat serum. Results: Administration of glycerol resulted in muscle damage as reflected by significant rise in CK levels in rats. Glycerol intoxication led kidney damage was reflected by significant change in renal biochemical parameters, renal oxidative stress and histological changes in rat kidneys. Administration of DADS attenuated glycerol-induced renal damage. Notably, pretreatment with bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, a PPAR-γ antagonist, abolished DADS renoprotection in rats. Conclusion: We conclude that DADS affords protection against glycerol-induced renal damage in rats. Moreover, PPAR-γ plays a key role in DADS-mediated renoprotective effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Anmoldeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Japneet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Apporva Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Mannan Khanna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Harmanpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Harnoor Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Tajpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Amrit Pal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
VinodhKumar OR, Karikalan M, Ilayaraja S, Sha AA, Singh BR, Sinha DK, Chandra Mohan S, Pruthvishree BS, Pawde AM, Sharma AK. Multi-drug resistant (MDR), extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing and carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli in rescued Sloth bears (Melursus ursinus), India. Vet Res Commun 2021; 45:163-170. [PMID: 34041662 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09794-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The study reports the multi-drug resistant (MDR), extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing and carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli (CRE) isolated from rescued sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), India. Non-duplicate faecal samples from 21 adult rescued sloth bears were collected at once during 2015-2016 and processed for isolation of E. coli and antibacterial susceptibility pattern. From 21 samples, 45 E. coli were isolated and on phenotypic screening, 23 were MDR, 17 were ESBL producers, and five were carbapenem-resistant (CR). Three E. coli isolates (6.67%, 3/45) showed no resistance, however 42 isolates (93.33%, 42/45) exhibited resistant to at least one antibiotics. The MDR isolates carried beta-lactamase, chloramphenicol, aminoglycosides, tetracycline, fluroquinolone, and sulphadimidine resistance genes. All the phenotypic ESBL producing isolates harbored blaCTX-M genes. On genotypic screening, three CRE (60.0%, 3/5) were positive for blaNDM carbapenemase gene and efflux pump-mediated carbapenem resistance was detected in two CRE isolates (40.0%, 2/5) which were negative for carbapenemase genes. The CRE isolates (n = 5) also co-harbored AMR genes like blaTEM-1, blaAmpC, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, tetA, tetB and sulI. Virulence screening of the resistant isolates detected the presence of Stx1(n = 1), Stx2 (n = 3), eaeA (n = 4) and hlyA (n = 3) genes. Plasmid incompatibility (Inc) typing revealed that two isolates harboured blaNDM-5 gene on Incl1 and one isolate on IncF plasmid. Apart from the NDM gene, the plasmids also carried tetracycline, beta-lactamase and quinolone resistance genes. The plasmid multilocus sequence typing (pMLST) of the E. coli Incl1 plasmid showed the Sequence Type (ST) 297. This appears to be the first report of MDR, ESBL producing and blaNDM-5 genes on Incl1 and IncF plasmids from rescued sloth bear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O R VinodhKumar
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.
| | - M Karikalan
- Centre for Wildlife, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - S Ilayaraja
- Agra Bear Rescue Centre, Wildlife SOS, Keetham, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arun A Sha
- Research &Veterinary Operations, Bannerghatta Bear Rescue Centre, Wildlife SOS, Bengaluru, India
| | - B R Singh
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - D K Sinha
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - S Chandra Mohan
- Centre for Wildlife, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - B S Pruthvishree
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - A M Pawde
- Centre for Wildlife, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Centre for Wildlife, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kumar Sharma A, Kaur A, Kaur T, Kaur S, Pathak D, Singh AP. Ameliorative role of inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitors against sodium arsenite-induced renal and hepatic dysfunction in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2255-2261. [PMID: 34006163 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1926109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic exposure causes immense health distress by increasing risk of cardiovascular abnormalities, diabetes mellitus, neurotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. The present study explored the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitors against sodium arsenite-induced renal and hepatic dysfunction in rats. Female Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to arsenic toxicity by administering sodium arsenite (5 mg/kg/day, oral) for 4 weeks. The iNOS inhibitors, S-methylisothiourea (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and aminoguanidine (100 mg/kg, i.p.) were given one hour before sodium arsenite administration in rats for 4 weeks. Sodium arsenite led rise in serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, electrolytes (potassium, fractional excretion of sodium), microproteinuria, and decreased creatinine clearance (p < 0.001) indicated renal dysfunction in rats. Arsenic-intoxication resulted in significant oxidative stress in rat kidneys, which was measured in terms of increase in lipid peroxides, superoxide anion generation and decrease in reduced glutathione (p < 0.001) levels. A threefold increase in renal hydroxyproline level in arsenic intoxicated rats indicated fibrosis. Hematoxylin-eosin staining indicated tubular damage, whereas picrosirius red staining highlighted collagen deposition in rat kidneys. S-methylisothiourea and aminoguanidine improved renal function and attenuated arsenic led renal oxidative stress, fibrosis, and decreased the kidney injury score. Additionally, arsenite-intoxication resulted in significant rise in hepatic parameters (serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin (p < 0.001) along with multi-fold increase in oxidative stress, fibrosis and liver injury score in rats, which was significantly (p < 0.001) attenuated by concurrent administration of iNOS inhibitors). Hence, it is concluded that iNOS inhibitors attenuate sodium arsenite-induced renal and hepatic dysfunction in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Anmoldeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Tajpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, India
| | - Sarabjit Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Devendra Pathak
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Amrit Pal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| |
Collapse
|