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Singh SK, Yadav P, Patel D, Tanwar SS, Sherawat A, Khurana A, Bhatti JS, Navik U. Betaine ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis through the modulation of AMPK/Nrf2/TGF-β expression. Environ Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38651543 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with potent anti-cancer activity. Nevertheless, despite having effective anti-neoplasm activity, its use has been clinically restricted due to its life-threatening side effects, such as cardiotoxicity. It is evident that betaine has anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity and has several beneficial effects, such as decreasing the amyloid-β generation, reducing obesity, improving steatosis and fibrosis, and activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). However, whether betaine could mitigate DOX-induced cardiomyopathy is still unexplored. Cardiomyopathy was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats using DOX (4 mg/kg dose with a cumulative dose of 20 mg/kg, i.p.). Further, betaine (200 and 400 mg/kg) was co-treated with DOX through oral gavage for 28 days. After the completion of the study, several biochemical, oxidative stress parameters, histopathology, western blotting, and qRT-PCR were performed. Betaine treatment significantly reduced CK-MB, LDH, SGOT, and triglyceride levels, which are associated with cardiotoxicity. DOX-induced increased oxidative stress was also mitigated by betaine intervention as the SOD, catalase, MDA, and nitrite levels were restored. The histopathological investigation also confirmed the cardioprotective effect of betaine against DOX-induced cardiomyopathy as the tissue injury was reversed. Further, molecular analysis revealed that betaine suppressed the DOX-induced increased expression of phospho-p53, phospho-p38 MAPK, NF-kB p65, and PINK 1 with an upregulation of AMPK and downregulation of Nrf2 expression. Interestingly, qRT-PCR experiments show that betaine treatment alleviates the DOX-induced increase in inflammatory (TNF-α, NLRP3, and IL-6) and fibrosis (TGF-β and Acta2) related gene expression, halting the cardiac injury. Interestingly, betaine also improves the mRNA expression of Nrf2, thus modulating the expression of antioxidant proteins and preventing oxidative damage. Here, we provide the first evidence that betaine treatment prevents DOX-induced cardiomyopathy by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis by regulating AMPK/Nrf2/TGF-β expression. We believe that betaine can be utilized as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for preventing DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Poonam Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Dhaneshvaree Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sampat Singh Tanwar
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Abhishek Sherawat
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Amit Khurana
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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Deng X, Tang X, Yao H, Wang Y. Severe Venous Calcifications in Phlebosclerotic Colitis and Significantly Decreased Expression in Betaine. Int J Surg Pathol 2024:10668969241246475. [PMID: 38646813 DOI: 10.1177/10668969241246475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Phlebosclerotic colitis (PC) is a rare type of chronic ischemic colitis. Its etiology is still unknown, and PC is also known as idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerosis colitis. Currently, many studies have reported that long-term use of Chinese herbal medicine and drinking history are related to its pathogenesis. In the early stage of the lesion, due to insufficient understanding of PC, it is difficult to distinguish it from inflammatory bowel disease and other nonneoplastic intestinal diseases. We reported a case of severe diffuse total colon calcification with multiple misdiagnosis, summarizing and analyzing the clinical pathological characteristics to increase clinical and pathological physicians' understanding of the disease and reduce misdiagnosis. Moreover, for the first time, we conducted metabolomics sequencing on fresh intestinal specimens of PC, in order to explore the possible mechanism of severe calcification in the patient. We found that betaine was significantly decreased in the intestinal specimens of the patient, which is an amino acid that has been shown to improve vascular risk factors, and may be one of the mechanisms underlying severe calcification in the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Deng
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pathology, The Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuefeng Tang
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pathology, The Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Yao
- Department of Pathology, The Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
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Hashim AR, Bashir DW, Rashad E, Galal MK, Rashad MM, Khalil HMA, Deraz NM, S M EG. Neuroprotective Assessment of Betaine against Copper Oxide Nanoparticle-Induced Neurotoxicity in the Brains of Albino Rats: A Histopathological, Neurochemical, and Molecular Investigation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1684-1701. [PMID: 38564598 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) are commonly used metal oxides. Betaine possesses antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. The current study aimed to investigate the neurotoxic effect of CuO-NPs on rats and the capability of betaine to mitigate neurotoxicity. Forty rats; 4 groups: group I a control, group II intraperitoneally CuO-NPs (0.5 mg/kg/day), group III orally betaine (250 mg/kg/day) and CuO-NPs, group IV orally betaine for 28 days. Rats were subjected to neurobehavioral assessments. Brain samples were processed for biochemical, molecular, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses. Behavioral performance of betaine demonstrated increasing locomotion and cognitive abilities. Group II exhibited significantly elevated malondialdehyde (MDA), overexpression of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Significant decrease in glutathione (GSH), and downregulation of acetylcholine esterase (AChE), nuclear factor erythroid 2-like protein 2 (Nrf-2), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Histopathological alterations; neuronal degeneration, pericellular spaces, and neuropillar vacuolation. Immunohistochemically, an intense immunoreactivity is observed against IL-1β and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Betaine partially neuroprotected against CuO-NPs associated alterations. A significant decrease at MDA, downregulation of IL-1β, and TNF-α, a significant increase at GSH, and upregulation of AChE, Nrf-2, and SOD. Histopathological alterations partially ameliorated. Immunohistochemical intensity of IL-1β and GFAP reduced. It is concluded that betaine neuroprotected against most of CuO-NP neurotoxic effects through antioxidant and cell redox system stimulating efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa R Hashim
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Dina W Bashir
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Eman Rashad
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Mona K Galal
- Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Maha M Rashad
- Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Heba M A Khalil
- Veterinary Hygiene and Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Nasrallah M Deraz
- Physical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - El-Gharbawy S M
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
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Obeid R, Awwad H, Heine GH, Emrich IE, Fliser D, Zawada AM, Geisel J. Plasma concentrations of trimethylamine-N-oxide, choline and betaine in patients with moderate to advanced chronic kidney disease and their relation to cardiovascular and renal outcomes. J Ren Nutr 2024:S1051-2276(24)00060-8. [PMID: 38621431 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut bacteria mediated liver metabolite of dietary betaine, choline, and carnitine which is excreted by glomerular filtration. We studied whether TMAO is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS Among 478 patients with CKD stage G2 (n = 104), G3a (n = 163), G3b (n = 123), and G4 (n = 88), we studied the association between fasting plasma concentrations of TMAO, choline or betaine at baseline and kidney function, prevalent CVD and future renal outcomes during a mean follow-up of 5.1 years. RESULTS Decreased glomerular filtration rate was associated with higher plasma concentrations of TMAO, choline and betaine. Baseline concentrations of TMAO were higher in participants with preexisting CVD compared to those without CVD (8.4 [10.1] vs. 7.8 [8.0] μmol/L; p = 0.047), but the difference was not significant after adjusting for confounders. During the follow up, 147 participants experienced CVD or died and 144 reached the predefined renal endpoint. In the adjusted regression analyses, TMAO or choline concentrations in the upper three quartiles (versus the lowest quartile) were not associated with any of the study clinical endpoints. In contrast, the adjusted hazard ratio of plasma betaine in the highest quartile versus the lowest quartile was 2.14 (1.32, 3.47) for the CVD endpoint and 1.64 (1.00, 2.67) for the renal endpoint. CONCLUSIONS Elevated plasma TMAO concentrations were explained by impaired kidney function. Elevated plasma concentrations of betaine, but not that of TMAO or choline predicted adverse outcomes. TMAO might not be an appropriate target to reduce CVD or renal outcomes in patients with preexisting CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Obeid
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.
| | - Husain Awwad
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Gunnar Henrik Heine
- Agaplesion Markus Hospital, Medical Clinic II, Wilhelm-Epstein Street 4, D-60431, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine IV-Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Hospital and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Insa E Emrich
- Saarland University Medical Center, Internal Medicine III - Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Danilo Fliser
- Department of Internal Medicine IV-Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Hospital and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Adam M Zawada
- Department of Internal Medicine IV-Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Hospital and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Geisel
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
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Franzese S, Saker Neto N, Wong WWH. Extended Reichardt's Dye - Synthesis and Solvatochromic Properties. Chemistry 2024:e202400314. [PMID: 38589289 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Three new pyridinium-phenolate dyes based on the benchmark solvatochromic dye Betaine 30 were synthesised. The dyes contained phenylene spacers between the donor and acceptor groups. Their UV-Vis absorption spectra were measured, with the dyes showing strong negative solvatochromic behaviour comparable to that of Betaine 30. These results stood in contrast to the behaviour of the π-extended dye Betaine 21, originally reported in 1963. This dye was synthesised and found to be significantly more solvatochromic than previously reported but prone to degrade. All π-extended dyes synthesised were found to be unstable in certain solvents. Although the increased distance between donor and acceptor did not enhance solvatochromism to the extent predicted, it was still determined that the reduced planarity caused by a phenylene spacer is not as detrimental as believed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wallace Wing Ho Wong
- University of Melbourne, School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, 30 Flemington Road, 3010, Parkville, AUSTRALIA
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Xu G, Pan H, Fan L, Zhang L, Li J, Cheng S, Meng L, Shen N, Liu Y, Li Y, Huang T, Zhou L. Dietary Betaine Improves Glucose Metabolism in Obese Mice. J Nutr 2024; 154:1309-1320. [PMID: 38417550 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity caused by the overconsumption of energy-dense foods high in fat and sugar has contributed to the growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Betaine, found in food or supplements, has been found to lower blood glucose concentrations, but its exact mechanism of action is not well understood. OBJECTIVES A comprehensive evaluation of the potential mechanisms by which betaine supplementation improves glucose metabolism. METHODS Hyperglycemic mice were fed betaine to measure the indexes of glucose metabolism in the liver and muscle. To explore the mechanism behind the regulation of betaine on glucose metabolism, Ribonucleic Acid-Seq was used to analyze the livers of the mice. In vitro, HepG2 and C2C12 cells were treated with betaine to more comprehensively evaluate the effect of betaine on glucose metabolism. RESULTS Betaine was added to the drinking water of high-fat diet-induced mice, and it was found to reduce blood glucose concentrations and liver triglyceride concentrations without affecting body weight, confirming its hypoglycemic effect. To investigate the specific mechanism underlying its hypoglycemic effect, protein-protein interaction enrichment analysis of the liver revealed key nodes associated with glucose metabolism, including cytochrome P450 family activity, insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, and triglyceride concentrations. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and gene ontogeny enrichment analyses showed significant enrichment of the Notch signaling pathway. These results provided bioinformatic evidence for specific pathways through which betaine regulates glucose metabolism. Key enzyme activities involved in glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, and glycogenolysis pathways of the liver and muscle were measured, and improvements were observed in these pathways. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new insight into the mechanisms by which betaine improves glucose metabolism in the liver and muscle and supports its potential as a drug for the treatment of metabolic disorders related to glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxiao Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, and Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Hongyuan Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Liping Fan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, and Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jian Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, and Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Shimei Cheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, and Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Libing Meng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, and Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Nana Shen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, and Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, and Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Yixing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Tengda Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
| | - Lei Zhou
- Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.
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Hacioglu C, Kar F, Ozbayer C, Gundogdu AC. Ex vivo investigation of betaine and boric acid function as preprotective agents on rat synaptosomes to be treated with Aβ (1-42). Environ Toxicol 2024; 39:2138-2149. [PMID: 38108610 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death process, may be involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. The study evaluated the therapeutic potential of betaine and boric acid (BA) pretreatment administered to rats for 21 days in AD. Then, the rats were sacrificed, and morphological and biochemical analyses were performed in brain tissues. Next, an ex vivo AD model was created by applying amyloid-β (Aβ1-42) to synaptosomes isolated from the brain tissues. Synaptosomes were analyzed with micrograph images, and protein and mRNA levels of ferroptotic markers were determined. Betaine and BA pretreatments did not cause any morphological and biochemical differences in the brain tissue. However, Aβ (1-42) administration in synaptosomes increased the levels of acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member-4 (ACSL4), transferrin receptor-1 protein (TfR1), malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and decreased the levels glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPx4) and glutathione (GSH). Moreover, ACSL4, GPx4, and TfR1 mRNA and protein levels were similar to the ELISA results. In contrast, betaine and BA pretreatments decreased the levels of ACSL4, TfR1, MDA, and 8-OHdG in synaptosomes incubated with Aβ1-42, while promoting increased levels of GPx4 and GSH. In addition, betaine and BA pretreatments completely reversed ACSL4, GPx4, and TfR1 mRNA and protein levels. Therefore, betaine and BA pretreatments may contribute to the prevention of neurodegenerative damage by supporting antiferroptotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyhan Hacioglu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey
| | - Fatih Kar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Cansu Ozbayer
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Ayse Cakir Gundogdu
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Histology and Embryology, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Kütahya, Turkey
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Sawicki CM, Pacheco LS, Rivas-Tumanyan S, Cao Z, Haslam DE, Liang L, Tucker KL, Joshipura K, Bhupathiraju SN. Association of Gut Microbiota-Related Metabolites and Type 2 Diabetes in Two Puerto Rican Cohorts. Nutrients 2024; 16:959. [PMID: 38612993 PMCID: PMC11013596 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Aims: Gut microbiota metabolites may play integral roles in human metabolism and disease progression. However, evidence for associations between metabolites and cardiometabolic risk factors is sparse, especially in high-risk Hispanic populations. We aimed to evaluate the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between gut microbiota related metabolites and measures of glycemia, dyslipidemia, adiposity, and incident type 2 diabetes in two Hispanic observational cohorts. (2) Methods: We included data from 670 participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS) and 999 participants of the San Juan Overweight Adult Longitudinal Study (SOALS). Questionnaires and clinical examinations were conducted over 3 years of follow-up for SOALS and 6 years of follow-up for BPRHS. Plasma metabolites, including L-carnitine, betaine, choline, and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), were measured at baseline in both studies. We used multivariable linear models to evaluate the associations between metabolites and cardiometabolic risk factors and multivariable logistic and Poisson regressions to assess associations with prevalent and incident type 2 diabetes, adjusted for potential confounding factors. Cohort-specific analyses were combined using a fixed-effects meta-analysis. (3) Results: Higher plasma betaine was prospectively associated with lower fasting glucose [-0.97 mg/dL (95% CI: -1.59, -0.34), p = 0.002], lower HbA1c [-0.02% (95% CI: -0.04, -0.01), p = 0.01], lower HOMA-IR [-0.14 (95% CI: -0.23, -0.05), p = 0.003], and lower fasting insulin [-0.27 mcU/mL (95% CI: -0.51, -0.03), p = 0.02]. Betaine was also associated with a 22% lower incidence of type 2 diabetes (IRR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.95). L-carnitine was associated with lower fasting glucose [-0.68 mg/dL (95% CI: -1.29, -0.07), p = 0.03] and lower HbA1c at follow-up [-0.03% (95% CI: -0.05, -0.01), p < 0.001], while TMAO was associated with higher fasting glucose [0.83 mg/dL (95% CI: 0.22, 1.44), p = 0.01] and higher triglycerides [3.52 mg/dL (95% CI: 1.83, 5.20), p < 0.0001]. Neither choline nor TMAO were associated with incident type 2 diabetes. (4) Conclusions: Higher plasma betaine showed consistent associations with a lower risk of glycemia, insulinemia, and type 2 diabetes. However, TMAO, a metabolite of betaine, was associated with higher glucose and lipid concentrations. These observations demonstrate the importance of gut microbiota metabolites for human cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleigh M. Sawicki
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.M.S.); (D.E.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Lorena S. Pacheco
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Sona Rivas-Tumanyan
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00921, USA; (S.R.-T.); (K.J.)
| | - Zheyi Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Danielle E. Haslam
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.M.S.); (D.E.H.)
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Katherine L. Tucker
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences and Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
| | - Kaumudi Joshipura
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00921, USA; (S.R.-T.); (K.J.)
| | - Shilpa N. Bhupathiraju
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.M.S.); (D.E.H.)
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
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9
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Wu Y, Zhang M, Meng F, Ren K, Li D, Luo X, Hu Y. Betaine supplementation alleviates corticosterone-induced hepatic cholesterol accumulation through epigenetic modulation of HMGCR and CYP7A1 genes in laying hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103435. [PMID: 38232620 PMCID: PMC10827596 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive corticosterone (CORT) exposure could cause hepatic cholesterol accumulation in chickens and maternal betaine supplementation could decrease hepatic cholesterol deposition through epigenetic modifications in offspring chickens. Nevertheless, it remains uncertain whether providing betaine to laying hens could protect CORT-induced hepatic cholesterol accumulation via epigenetic mechanisms. This study aimed to examine the effects of dietary betaine on plasma and hepatic cholesterol contents, expression of cholesterol metabolic genes, as well as DNA methylation on their promoters in the liver of laying hens exposed to CORT. A total of 72 laying hens at 130 d of age were randomly divided into 3 groups: control (CON), CORT, and CORT+betaine (CORT+BET) groups. The experiment lasted for 35 d. Chickens in CON and CORT groups were fed a basal diet, whereas the CORT+BET group chickens were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.1% betaine for 35 d. On d 28 of the experiment, chickens in CORT and CORT+BET groups received daily subcutaneous injections of CORT (4.0 mg/kg body weight), whereas the CON group chickens were injected with an equal volume of solvent for 7 d. The results showed that CORT administration led to a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the contents of cholesterol in plasma and liver, associated with activation (P < 0.05) of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2 (SREBP2), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) genes expression, and inhibition of cholesterol-7-alpha hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) genes expression in the liver compared to the CON. In contrast, CORT-induced up-regulation of HMGCR mRNA and protein abundances and downregulation of CYP7A1 mRNA and protein abundances were completely normalized (P < 0.05) by betaine supplementation. Besides, CORT injection led to significant hypomethylation (P < 0.05) on HMGCR promoter and hypermethylation (P < 0.05) on CYP7A1 promoter. Moreover, dietary betaine rescued (P < 0.05) CORT-induced changes in methylation status of HMGCR and CYP7A1 genes promoters. These results indicate that dietary betaine addition protects laying hens from CORT-induced hepatic cholesterol accumulation via epigenetic modulation of HMGCR and CYP7A1 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Wu
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, P. R. China
| | - Mengwei Zhang
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, P. R. China
| | - Fanchi Meng
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, P. R. China
| | - Kunpeng Ren
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, P. R. China
| | - Ding Li
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, P. R. China
| | - Xugang Luo
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, P. R. China
| | - Yun Hu
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, P. R. China.
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Mohammadi N, Hemmati M, Motlagh B, Biyabani A. Betaine postpones hyperglycemia-related senescence in ovarian and testicular cells: Involvement of RAGE and β-galactosidase. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3973. [PMID: 38488483 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The structural and functional disorders of the testis and ovary are one of the main complications of hyperglycemia. Betaine is a trimethyl glycine with antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory potential. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of betaine on the expression of aging and oxidative stress markers in ovarian and testicular cells under hyperglycemic conditions. Testicular and ovarian cells were subjected to four different conditions, including normal glucose and hyperglycemia, with or without betaine (5 mM). The cells with hyperglycemia saw an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), methylglyoxal (MGO), expression of a receptor for AGE, and aging-related genes (β-GAL), and a decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes including catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. The treatment with betaine, in contrast, decreased the amount of MGO and MDA, and also downregulated aging-related signaling. Although hyperglycemia induces senescence in testicular and ovarian cells, the use of betaine may have a protective effect against the cell senescence, which may be useful in the management of infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mina Hemmati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Behrouz Motlagh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Arezou Biyabani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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11
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Zhang R, Wu X, Lu L, Hu R, Teng Y, Pan L, Zeng X, Jiang W, Li W, Dong L, Zhu W. Assessment of blood one-carbon metabolism indexes during mid-to-late pregnancy in 397 Chinese pregnant women. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1348930. [PMID: 38389796 PMCID: PMC10881806 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1348930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives One-carbon metabolism (OCM) significantly influences fetal growth and neurodevelopment through transferring methyl group to biomolecules, during which folate, methionine, choline and betaine function as methyl donor nutrients, while vitamin B2, B6, B12 function as enzyme cofactors, and homocysteine (Hcy) and S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) are functional metabolites. This study aimed to assess blood OCM index levels and explore their relationships among Chinese pregnant women. Methods Data were obtained from the baseline of the Mother-Child Nutrition and Health Cohort Study. Pregnant women, voluntarily recruited from September 2020 to June 2022 during antenatal examinations in five Chinese cities at 24-32 gestational weeks, provided fasting venous blood samples. Measurements included RBC and serum folate, serum vitamin B2, B6, B12, choline, betaine, methionine, total Hcy (tHcy), and plasma SAM. Sociodemographic characteristics and pregnancy-related conditions were collected via a self-designed questionnaire. Results Of 397 participants, 82.6% were in mid-pregnancy (24-27 gestational weeks) and 17.4% were in late-pregnancy (28-32 gestational weeks). Serum folate, vitamin B6, and B12 deficiencies were 2.5, 1.3, and 8.3%, respectively. Elevated tHcy (≥10 μmol/L) was observed in 1.8% of pregnant women. Elderly pregnant women (aged 35 and above) exhibited significantly lower serum methionine levels (p < 0.05), while multiparous women had lower RBC folate levels (p < 0.05), and lower serum methionine and vitamin B12 levels (p < 0.10, not statistically significant). Partial correlation analysis revealed positive associations between RBC folate and cofactor vitamin B12 (r = 0.244, p < 0.05) in the folate cycle, as well as significant correlations between two methyl donor paths [serum folate was significantly related to serum choline (r = 0.172) and betaine (r = 0.193)]. As functional biomarkers of OCM, serum tHcy exhibited negative associations with RBC folate (β = -0.330, p < 0.05) and vitamin B6 (β = -0.317, p < 0.05), and plasma SAM displayed a positive association with serum betaine (β = 0.610, p < 0.05), while negatively associated with serum vitamin B6 (β = -0.181, p < 0.05). Conclusion The blood OCM exhibited imbalances during mid-to-late pregnancy, characterized by lower levels of folate, vitamin B6, and B12, alongside elevated tHcy levels. Adequate folate and vitamin B6 emerged as significant predictors of lower tHcy levels. Additionally, serum betaine showed a positive correlation with plasma SAM. This suggests the importance of not only ensuring sufficient folate but also optimizing other OCM-related nutrients throughout pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Health Science Centre, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyi Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Health Science Centre, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Gaomi City People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Beijing Huairou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Teng
- Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Pan
- Hunan Ausnutria Institute of Food and Nutrition, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoling Zeng
- Hunan Ausnutria Institute of Food and Nutrition, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Hunan Ausnutria Institute of Food and Nutrition, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Li
- Hunan Ausnutria Institute of Food and Nutrition, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Dong
- Hunan Ausnutria Institute of Food and Nutrition, Changsha, China
| | - Wenli Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Health Science Centre, Peking University, Beijing, China
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12
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Marcos Celada L, Martín J, Dvinskikh SV, Olsén P. Fully Bio-Based Ionic Liquids for Green Chemical Modification of Cellulose in the Activated-State. ChemSusChem 2024; 17:e202301233. [PMID: 37792278 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Biopolymers, especially cellulose, are vital to transitioning to a circular economy and reducing our reliance on fossil fuels. However, for many applications a high degree of cellulose hydroxyl modification is necessary. The challenge is that the chemical features of the hydroxyls of cellulose and water are similar. Therefore, chemical modification of cellulose is often explored under non-aqueous conditions with systems that result in high hydroxyl accessibility and reduce cellulose aggregation. Unfortunately, these systems depend on hazardous and complex solvents from fossil resources, which diverge from the initial sustainability objectives. To address this, we developed three new betaine-based ionic liquids that are fully bio-based, scalable, and green. We found that a specific ionic liquid had the perfect chemical features for the chemical activation of cellulose without disturbing its crystalline ordering. The high activation in heterogeneous conditions was exemplified by reacting cellulose with succinic anhydride, resulting in more than 30 % conversion of all hydroxyls on cellulose. Overall, this work opens new perspectives for the derivatization of cellulosic materials while simultaneously "keeping it green".
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Marcos Celada
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Judith Martín
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sergey V Dvinskikh
- Department of chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Olsén
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Jurga J, Samborowska E, Zielinski J, Olek RA. Effects of Acute Beetroot Juice and Sodium Nitrate on Selected Blood Metabolites and Response to Transient Ischemia: A Crossover Randomized Clinical Trial. J Nutr 2024; 154:491-497. [PMID: 38110180 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modification of the nitrate (NO3)-nitrite (NO2)-nitric oxide (NO) pathway can be induced by oral intake of inorganic NO3 (NIT) or NO3-rich products, such as beetroot juice (BRJ). OBJECTIVES The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma changes in betaine, choline, trimethylamine (TMA), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and NO3/NO2 (NOx) concentrations over 4 h after single oral ingestion of NIT or BRJ. The flow-mediated skin fluorescence (FMSF) method was applied to measure the changes in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced form (NADH) in response to transient ischemia and reperfusion. We hypothesized that various sources of NO3 may differently affect endothelial and mitochondrial functions in healthy human subjects. METHODS In a randomized crossover trial, 8 healthy young adults ingested 800 mg NO3 from either NIT or BRJ on 2 separate days with ≥3 d apart. Venous blood samples were collected every hour, and FMSF determination was applied bihourly. RESULTS Plasma betaine and choline concentrations peaked at 1 h after BRJ ingestion, and remained significantly higher than baseline values at all time points (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, compared to preingestion values). Over time, BRJ was more effective in increasing NOx compared with NIT (fixed-trial effect P < 0.001). Baseline fluorescence decreased after both NIT and BRJ consumption (fixed-time effect P = 0.005). Transient ischemia and reperfusion response increased because of NO3 consumption (fixed-time effect P = 0.003), with no differences between trials (P = 0.451; P = 0.912; P = 0.819 at 0, 2, and 4 h, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Acute ingestion of BRJ elevated plasma betaine and choline, but not TMA and TMAO. Moreover, plasma NOx levels were higher in the BRJ trial than in the NIT trial. Various sources of NO3 positively affected endothelial and mitochondrial functions. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05004935.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Jurga
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Emilia Samborowska
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Zielinski
- Department of Athletics, Strength, and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Robert A Olek
- Department of Athletics, Strength, and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland.
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14
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Che Y, Xia T, Liu H, Li C, Liu S, Ma P, Xu Q, Zhou R. Preparation of betaine injection and its therapeutic effect in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 134:219-230. [PMID: 38009574 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening disease characterised by elevated pulmonary pressure, right ventricular failure (RVF) and ultimately death. Aggressive treatment of RVF is considered an important therapeutic strategy to treat PAH. Previous studies have indicated that betaine may be may a promising therapeutic approach for PAH-induced RVF. Therefore, in this study, betaine solution for injection was prepared and characterised using various techniques. The therapeutic efficacy of three different methods of administration (intragastric, nebulised inhalation and intravenous injection) were comprehensively evaluated in terms of pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and pharmacodynamics. The pharmacokinetic results demonstrated that betaine injection administered via nebulised inhalation significantly prolonged betaine's half-life and increased its internal circulation time compared to the intragastric and intravenous routes. Biodistribution experiments verified that the betaine formulation accumulated in the lung tissue when administered via inhalation. The results of the pharmacodynamic analysis further confirmed that right ventricular systolic pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy index increased in the model group and that inhaled betaine suppressed these pathological changes to a level comparable to those observed in the control group. Taken together, these results indicate that betaine administered by inhalation is a promising strategy for the treatment of PAH-induced RVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youlan Che
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Siyun Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Ping Ma
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Qingbin Xu
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Ru Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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15
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Louck LE, Cara KC, Klatt K, Wallace TC, Chung M. The Relationship of Circulating Choline and Choline-Related Metabolite Levels with Health Outcomes: A Scoping Review of Genome-Wide Association Studies and Mendelian Randomization Studies. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100164. [PMID: 38128611 PMCID: PMC10819410 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline is essential for proper liver, muscle, brain, lipid metabolism, cellular membrane composition, and repair. Understanding genetic determinants of circulating choline metabolites can help identify new determinants of choline metabolism, requirements, and their link to disease endpoints. We conducted a scoping review to identify studies assessing the association of genetic polymorphisms on circulating choline and choline-related metabolite concentrations and subsequent associations with health outcomes. This study follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement scoping review extension. Literature was searched to September 28, 2022, in 4 databases: Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and the Biological Science Index. Studies of any duration in humans were considered. Any genome-wide association study (GWAS) investigating genetic variant associations with circulating choline and/or choline-related metabolites and any Mendelian randomization (MR) study investigating the association of genetically predicted circulating choline and/or choline-related metabolites with any health outcome were considered. Qualitative evidence is presented in summary tables. From 1248 total reviewed articles, 53 were included (GWAS = 27; MR = 26). Forty-two circulating choline-related metabolites were tested in association with genetic variants in GWAS studies, primarily trimethylamine N-oxide, betaine, sphingomyelins, lysophosphatidylcholines, and phosphatidylcholines. MR studies investigated associations between 52 total unique choline metabolites and 66 unique health outcomes. Of these, 47 significant associations were reported between 16 metabolites (primarily choline, lysophosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylcholines, betaine, and sphingomyelins) and 27 health outcomes including cancer, cardiovascular, metabolic, bone, and brain-related outcomes. Some articles reported significant associations between multiple choline types and the same health outcome. Genetically predicted circulating choline and choline-related metabolite concentrations are associated with a wide variety of health outcomes. Further research is needed to assess how genetic variability influences choline metabolism and whether individuals with lower genetically predicted circulating choline and choline-related metabolite concentrations would benefit from a dietary intervention or supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Louck
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kelly C Cara
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kevin Klatt
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Taylor C Wallace
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States; Think Health Group, Inc, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Mei Chung
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States.
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16
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Han X, Song K, Yu H, Zhou X, Guo J. Extraction and characterisation of kudzu root residue lignin based on deep eutectic solvents. Phytochem Anal 2024. [PMID: 38279552 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lignin has great potential as the most abundant renewable phenolic polymer. Studies have shown that lignin structure varies depending on different sources and different extraction methods. However, there are few studies on lignin in kudzu root residue. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to explore optimal extraction conditions of Pueraria lobata residue lignin (PLL) with deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and characterise the structure and morphology of PLL. METHODS Firstly, the chemical composition of kudzu root residue was determined by the Van-soest method. Then, betaine was used as hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), nine kinds of common acids and alcohol were selected as hydrogen bond donor (HBD) to synthesise a DES to extract lignin from kudzu root residue. The influence of conditions on the extraction of PLL was explored by a betaine-based DES according to a single-factor experiment, and then the best process of PLL extraction was determined by an orthogonal experiment. Finally, the morphology and structure of PLL were analysed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and NMR. RESULTS Cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and ash content in kudzu root residue were 41.13%, 16.39%, 25.03%, and 0.41%, respectively. When the DES consisted of betaine and formic acid, the solid-liquid ratio was 1:45, the extraction time was 5.5 h at 160°C, the extraction yield of lignin was 89.29%, and the purity was 83.01%. PLL was composed of interconnected spherical particles with good thermal stability and narrow polydispersity index (PDI) distribution. FTIR and 2D-heteronuclear singular quantum correlation (HSQC) NMR illustrated that PLL was a typical G-type and S-type lignin. CONCLUSION This study would fill the gap of research on lignin in kudzu root residue and provide a theoretical reference for the utilisation of lignin in kudzu roots as well as a new thinking for the recycling of kudzu root resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Ke Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization of Eucommia ulmoides, Jishou University, Zhangjiajie, China
| | - Huazhong Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization of Eucommia ulmoides, Jishou University, Zhangjiajie, China
| | - Xianwu Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization of Eucommia ulmoides, Jishou University, Zhangjiajie, China
| | - Jie Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization of Eucommia ulmoides, Jishou University, Zhangjiajie, China
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Li Z, Pu J, Zeng T, Cai J, Jia G, Zhao H, Liu G, Zeng Q, Luo Y, Tian G. Effects of betaine on growth performance and intestinal health of rabbits fed different digestible energy diets. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae029. [PMID: 38290533 PMCID: PMC10889737 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of betaine on growth performance and intestinal health in rabbits fed diets with different levels of digestible energy. During a 36-d experiment, a total of 144 healthy 35-d-old weaned New Zealand white rabbits with a similar initial body weight (771.05 ± 41.79 g) were randomly distributed to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Experimental treatments consisted of two levels of digestible energy (normal: 10.20 and low: 9.60 MJ/kg) and three levels of betaine (0, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg). Results indicated that rabbits fed the diet with low digestible energy (LDE) had reduced body gain/feed intake on days 1 to 14 and 1 to 36 (P < 0.05), increased the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and n-free extract, and decreased the ATTD of gross energy (GE), crude fiber, and organic matter (OM; P < 0.05). The LDE diet upregulated the gene abundance levels of duodenum junctional adhesion molecule-3 (JAM-3) and downregulated the ileum toll-like receptor 4, myeloid differentiation factor 88, and interleukin-6 (IL-6; P < 0.05). Activities of amylase, lipase, trypsin, and the immunoglobulin M content in the jejunum were decreased in the LDE treatment group (P < 0.05). Dietary betaine supplementation increased the ATTD of GE, dry matter (DM), ADF, and n-free extract by LDE (P < 0.05). The villus height, crypt depth, and goblet cell numbers were decreased, and the villus-crypt ratio was increased in the duodenum (P < 0.05). The gene abundance levels of duodenum IL-2 were downregulated, and the duodenum JAM-2 and JAM-3 were upregulated (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the addition of betaine to the LDE diet increased the ATTD of GE, DM, and OM in rabbits (P < 0.05). Gene abundance levels of ileum IL-6 and duodenum JAM-3 were upregulated (P < 0.05). In summary, LDE diets can reduce the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes and decrease the ATTD of nutrients. However, the addition of betaine to LDE diets improved the intestinal barrier structure and nutrient ATTD in rabbits, with better results when betaine was added at an additive level of 500 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimei Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Junning Pu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Tingxuan Zeng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Qiufeng Zeng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
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Ma S, Wang Y, Chen L, Wang W, Zhuang X, Liu Y, Zhao R. Parental betaine supplementation promotes gosling growth with epigenetic modulation of IGF gene family in the liver. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae065. [PMID: 38483185 PMCID: PMC10980284 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Betaine is widely used as a feed additive in the chicken industry to promote laying performance and growth performance, yet it is unknown whether betaine can be used in geese to improve the laying performance of goose breeders and the growth traits of offspring goslings. In this study, laying goose breeders at 39 wk of age were fed basal (Control, CON) or betaine-supplemented diets at low (2.5 g/kg, LBT) or high (5 g/kg, HBT) levels for 7 wk, and the breeder eggs laid in the last week were collected for incubation. Offspring goslings were examined at 35 and 63 d of age. The laying rate tended to be increased (P = 0.065), and the feed efficiency of the breeders was improved by betaine supplementation, while the average daily gain of the offspring goslings was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) in serum and liver were significantly increased in the HBT group (P < 0.05), with age-dependent alterations of serum T3 levels. Concurrently, hepatic mRNA expression of the IGF gene family was significantly increased in goslings derived from betaine-treated breeders (P < 0.05). A higher ratio of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-immunopositive nuclei was found in the liver sections of the HBT group, which was confirmed by significantly upregulated hepatic expression of PCNA mRNA and protein (P < 0.05). Moreover, hepatic expression of thyroxine deiodinase type 1 (Dio1) and thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ) was also significantly upregulated in goslings of the HBT group (P < 0.05). These changes were associated with significantly higher levels of global DNA 5-mC methylation, together with increased expression of methyl transfer genes (P < 0.05), including betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT), glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT), and DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). The promoter regions of IGF-2 genes, as well as the predicted TRβ binding site on the IGF-2 gene, were significantly hypomethylated (P < 0.05). These results indicate that gosling growth can be improved by dietary betaine supplementation in goose breeders via epigenetic modulation of the IGF gene family, especially IGF-2, in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Wenzheng Wang
- Jiangsu Lihua Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Changzhou, Jiangsu 213168, China
| | - Xinjuan Zhuang
- Jiangsu Lihua Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Changzhou, Jiangsu 213168, China
| | - Yuelong Liu
- Jiangsu Lihua Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Changzhou, Jiangsu 213168, China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
- National Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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19
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Patel D, Yadav P, Singh SK, Tanwar SS, Sehrawat A, Khurana A, Bhatti JS, Navik U. Betaine alleviates doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity by preventing oxidative insults, inflammation, and fibrosis through the modulation of Nrf2/HO-1/NLRP3 and TGF-β expression. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23559. [PMID: 37840533 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is an anthracycline antibiotic used to treat various cancers and shows severe toxicity in multiple organ systems, including kidneys. Evidence shows that betaine's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties could prevent the onset of several disorders. Hence, the present study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of betaine on Dox-induced nephrotoxicity (DIN). Nephrotoxicity was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats using Dox at a dose of 4 mg/kg (cumulative dose: 20 mg/kg) by the intraperitoneal route and cotreated with betaine through oral gavage (200 and 400 mg/kg) for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, biochemical, oxidative stress parameters, histopathology, and qRT-PCR were performed. DIN was indicated by elevated serum creatinine, urea, and decreased albumin levels representing kidney damage; the histopathological lesions (increased capsular space, renal tubule damage, and fibrosis) in renal tissues supported these biochemical findings. Interestingly, betaine treatment improves these alterations in Dox-treated rats. Further, betaine treatment decreases the lipid peroxidation and nitrite concentration and increases the superoxide dismutases and catalase enzyme concentration in Dox-treated rats. Fascinatingly, at the molecular level, DIN in rats shows upregulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 gene, while betaine treatment attenuated its expression along with the downregulation of inflammatory genes (NLRP3, TLR-4, TNF-α, and IL-6) and fibrosis-related genes (TGF-β and Acta2) expression in Dox-treated rats. These results showed that betaine has reno-protective properties by reducing inflammatory and fibrotic mediators and enhancing antioxidant capacity in the renal tissue of rats treated with Dox. We believe betaine can be exploited as a dietary supplement to attenuate DIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaneshvaree Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Poonam Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sumeet K Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sampat S Tanwar
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Abhishek Sehrawat
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Amit Khurana
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jasvinder S Bhatti
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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20
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González-Lamuño D, Arrieta-Blanco FJ, Fuentes ED, Forga-Visa MT, Morales-Conejo M, Peña-Quintana L, Vitoria-Miñana I. Hyperhomocysteinemia in Adult Patients: A Treatable Metabolic Condition. Nutrients 2023; 16:135. [PMID: 38201964 PMCID: PMC10780827 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is recognized as an independent risk factor for various significant medical conditions, yet controversy persists around its assessment and management. The diagnosis of disorders afffecting homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism faces delays due to insufficient awareness of its clinical presentation and unique biochemical characteristics. In cases of arterial or venous thrombotic vascular events, particularly with other comorbidities, it is crucial to consider moderate to severe HHcy. A nutritional approach to HHcy management involves implementing dietary strategies and targeted supplementation, emphasizing key nutrients like vitamin B6, B12, and folate that are crucial for Hcy conversion. Adequate intake of these vitamins, along with betaine supplementation, supports Hcy remethylation. Lifestyle modifications, such as smoking cessation and regular physical activity, complement the nutritional approach to enhance Hcy metabolism. For individuals with HHcy, maintaining a plasma Hcy concentration below 50 μmol/L consistently is vital to lowering the risk of vascular events. Collaboration with healthcare professionals and dietitians is essential for developing personalized dietary plans addressing the specific needs and underlying health conditions. This integrated approach aims to optimize metabolic processes and reduce the associated health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena Dios Fuentes
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
| | | | - Monstserrat Morales-Conejo
- Unit for Congenital Metabolic Diseases and Other Rare Diseases, Internal Medicine Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Luis Peña-Quintana
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Insular Materno-Infantil University Hospital Complex, Asociación Canaria de Investigación Pediátrica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;
| | - Isidro Vitoria-Miñana
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Unit, La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
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21
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Xiong Y, Li B, Wang K, Li J, He S. Betaine ameliorates heat stress-induced apoptosis by affecting oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress in mouse Leydig cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 88:53-62. [PMID: 37863837 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore the potential protective role of betaine in heat stress (HS)-elicited apoptosis in mouse Leydig cells (mLCs). Betaine at 16 mm exerted a greater inhibitory effect on HS-induced viability attenuation of cells, which also significantly suppressed the heat shock protein 70 level in HS-treated cells. Furthermore, betaine ameliorated certain negative effects, including increased cell apoptotic ratio, enhancement of apoptosis-related modulator caspase-3 activity, reduced activity levels of such antioxidant enzymes as SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and MDA upregulation, and inhibited the protein levels of critical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress indices like CHOP and GRP78 in mLCs exposed to HS. Besides, treatment of cells with betaine significantly restored diminished testosterone production in response to HS. Correspondingly, betaine effectively rescued the reduced serum testosterone concentration in vivo. In summary, betaine ameliorated HS-induced apoptosis by affecting oxidative and ER stress, thereby providing benefits for the treatment of hyperthermia-related impairment in mLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Xiong
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, China
| | - Bing Li
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, China
| | - Kang Wang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, China
| | - Shaojun He
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, China
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22
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Li L, Sun L, Liang X, Ou Q, Tan X, Li F, Lai Z, Ding C, Chen H, Yu X, Wu Q, Wei J, Wu F, Wang L. Maternal betaine supplementation ameliorates fatty liver disease in offspring mice by inhibiting hepatic NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:1084-1098. [PMID: 38053832 PMCID: PMC10694418 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Previous research has shown maternal betaine supplementation alleviates fetal-derived hepatic steatosis. Therefore, this study examined the anti-inflammatory effect of maternal betaine intake in offspring mice and its mechanism. MATERIALS/METHODS Female C57BL/6J mice and their offspring were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the treatment received during gestation and lactation: control diet (CD), fatty liver disease (FLD), and fatty liver disease + 1% betaine (FLD-BET). The FLD group was given a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (HFD + STZ), and the FLD-BET group was treated with HFD + STZ + 1% betaine. After weaning, the offspring mice were given a normal diet for 5 weeks and then dissected to measure the relevant indexes. RESULTS Compared to the CD group, the offspring mice in the FLD group revealed obvious hepatic steatosis and increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; maternal betaine supplementation reversed these changes. The hepatic mRNA expression levels of IL-6, IL-18, and Caspase-1 were significantly higher in the FLD group than in the CD group. Maternal betaine supplementation reduced the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing C-terminal caspase recruitment domain (ASC). Maternal betaine supplementation also reversed the increasing protein expressions of nitric oxide dioxygenase-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 in offspring mice exposed to HFD + STZ. Maternal betaine supplementation decreased the homocysteine (Hcy) and s-adenosine homocysteine (SAH) levels significantly in the livers. Furthermore, the hepatic Hcy concentrations showed significant inverse relationships with the mRNA expression of TNF-α, NLRP3, ASC, and IL-18. The hepatic SAH concentration was inversely associated with the IL-1β mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS The lipotropic and anti-inflammatory effect of maternal betaine supplementation may be associated with the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome in the livers of the offspring mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Li
- Department of Delivery Room, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou 510623, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liuqiao Sun
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Liang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Ou
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuying Tan
- Department of Child Health Care, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou 510623, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangyuan Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Lai
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenghe Ding
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hangjun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinxue Yu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiongmei Wu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Wei
- Department of Science and Technology, Guangzhou Customs, Guangzhou 510623, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Science and Technology, Guangzhou Customs, Guangzhou 510623, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
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23
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Hosseini-Esfahani F, Koochakpoor G, Golzarand M, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Dietary Intakes of Choline and Betaine and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2023; 21:573-580. [PMID: 37816243 DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Our knowledge for the possible link between choline and betaine and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is very limited and contradictory. This study aimed to investigate the prospective association of dietary choline and betaine intakes with the risk of T2D in a group of Tehranian adults. Methods: In this prospective study, 6022 eligible subjects aged ≥18 years were chosen from the participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study in a secondary analysis. Diet was assessed based on a valid and reliable semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. At baseline and follow-up examinations, biochemical and anthropometric variables were assessed. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models was used to estimate the new onset of T2D concerning choline and betaine intake. Results: The mean age ± SD of 2707 men and 3315 women were, respectively, 41.4 ± 14.2 and 39.1 ± 13.1. During a median follow-up of 6.63 years, 528 cases of T2D incidence were diagnosed. Participants with a higher intake of choline had a higher intake of protein, fiber, and B12 and a lower intake of energy and carbohydrates. After controlling of confounders a significant positive association was observed between choline intake and the hazard ratio (HR) of T2D across quartiles of choline intake [HR (CI) in the fourth quartile: 1.25 (1.14-1.38), P trend = 0.01], but this significant finding was not reported for betaine intake. For every 100 milligram increase in choline consumption, the HR of T2D increased significantly in all age, sex, and BMI subgroups. Conclusions: Choline consumption increased the risk of T2D in total population and subgroups. No statistically significant association was found between dietary betaine intake and the risk of T2D in total population and subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdieh Golzarand
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Sorgun O, Çakır A, Bora ES, Erdoğan MA, Uyanıkgil Y, Erbaş O. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of betaine protect against sepsis-induced acute lung injury: CT and histological evidence. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12906. [PMID: 37970921 PMCID: PMC10644961 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of betaine on sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in rats through histopathological examination, radiologic imaging, and biochemical analysis. Eight rats were included in the control group, and no procedure was performed. Feces intraperitoneal procedure (FIP) was performed on 24 rats to create a sepsis-induced ARDS model. These rats were separated into three groups as follows: FIP alone (sepsis group, n=8), FIP + saline (1 mL/kg, placebo group, n=8), and FIP + betaine (500 mg/kg, n=8). Computed tomography (CT) was performed after FIP, and the Hounsfield units (HU) value of the lungs was measured. The plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, C-reactive protein, malondialdehyde (MDA), and lactic acid (LA) were determined, and arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) and arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) were measured from an arterial blood sample. Histopathology was used to evaluate lung damage. This study completed all histopathological and biochemical evaluations in 3 months. All evaluated biomarkers were decreased in the FIP + betaine group compared to FIP + saline and FIP alone (all P<0.05). Also, the parenchymal density of the rat lung on CT and histopathological scores were increased in FIP + saline and FIP alone compared to control and these findings were reversed by betaine treatment (all P<0.05). Our study demonstrated that betaine suppressed the inflammation and ameliorated acute lung injury in a rat model of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Sorgun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - A Çakır
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Canakkale Mehmet Akif Ersoy State Hospital, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - E S Bora
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Izmir Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - M A Erdoğan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Y Uyanıkgil
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - O Erbaş
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Demiroğlu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
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25
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Minarski M, Maas C, Heinrich C, Böckmann KA, Bernhard W, Shunova A, Poets CF, Franz AR. Choline and Betaine Levels in Plasma Mirror Choline Intake in Very Preterm Infants. Nutrients 2023; 15:4758. [PMID: 38004152 PMCID: PMC10675502 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline is essential for cell membrane formation and methyl transfer reactions, impacting parenchymal and neurological development. It is therefore enriched via placental transfer, and fetal plasma concentrations are high. In spite of the greater needs of very low birth weight infants (VLBWI), choline content of breast milk after preterm delivery is lower (median (p25-75): 158 mg/L (61-360 mg/L) compared to term delivery (258 mg/L (142-343 mg/L)). Even preterm formula or fortified breast milk currently provide insufficient choline to achieve physiological plasma concentrations. This secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial comparing growth of VLBWI with different levels of enteral protein supply aimed to investigate whether increased enteral choline intake results in increased plasma choline, betaine and phosphatidylcholine concentrations. We measured total choline content of breast milk from 33 mothers of 34 VLBWI. Enteral choline intake from administered breast milk, formula and fortifier was related to the respective plasma choline, betaine and phosphatidylcholine concentrations. Plasma choline and betaine levels in VLBWI correlated directly with enteral choline intake, but administered choline was insufficient to achieve physiological (fetus-like) concentrations. Hence, optimizing maternal choline status, and the choline content of milk and fortifiers, is suggested to increase plasma concentrations of choline, ameliorate the choline deficit and improve growth and long-term development of VLBWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Minarski
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.B.)
| | - Christoph Maas
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.B.)
| | - Christine Heinrich
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.B.)
| | - Katrin A. Böckmann
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.B.)
| | - Wolfgang Bernhard
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.B.)
| | - Anna Shunova
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.B.)
| | - Christian F. Poets
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.B.)
| | - Axel R. Franz
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.B.)
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Studies, University Children’s Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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26
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Saleh AA, El-Tahan HM, Shaban M, Morsy WA, Genedy S, Alzawqari MH, El-Tahan HM, Shukry M, Ebeid TA, El-Keredy A, Alwutayd K, Alhotan RA, Al-Badwi MAA, Sewlim Hussein EO, Kim IH, Cho S, Eid Abdel-Moneim AM. Effect of dietary supplementation of betaine and organic minerals on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, nutrients digestibility, and growth-related genes in broilers under heat stress. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103051. [PMID: 37774520 PMCID: PMC10550832 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Global warming and climate changes have a detrimental impact on poultry production, causing substantial economic losses. This study investigated the effects of incorporating dietary betaine (BT) and organic minerals (OMs) on broilers' performance as well as their potential to mitigate the negative impacts of heat stress (HS). Six hundred 1-day-old Ross 308 chicks were randomly allocated to 12 experimental treatments with 5 replicates of 10 birds each (5 male + 5 female). The birds were provided with diets containing BT (0 and 2,000 ppm) and OMs (0, 250, and 500 ppm), either individually or in combination, under both thermoneutral and HS-inducing temperatures. The HS conditions involved exposing the birds to cyclic periods of elevated temperature (35°C ± 2°C) for 6 h daily, from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm, starting from d 10 and continuing until d 35. The exposure to HS deteriorated birds' growth performance; however, dietary BT and OMs inclusion improved the growth performance parameters bringing them close to normal levels. Carcass traits were not affected by dietary supplementation of BT, OMs, HS, or their interaction. Interestingly, while HS led to increased (P < 0.05) levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), these adverse effects were mitigated (P < 0.05) by the addition of BT and OMs. Moreover, dietary BT supplementation led to elevated serum total protein and globulin concentrations. Cyclic HS did not alter Mn, Zn, and Cu contents in the pectoral muscle. However, the incorporation of OMs at both levels increased concentrations of these minerals. Notably, the combination of 500 ppm OMs and 2,000 ppm BT improved Mn, Zn, Cu, and Fe digestibility, which has been compromised under HS conditions. Cyclic HS upregulated gene expression of interleukin-1β, heat shock protein 70, and Toll-like receptor-4 while downregulated the expression of claudin-1, uncoupling protein, growth hormone receptor, superoxide dismutase 1, glutathione peroxidase 1 and insulin-like growth factor 1. The aforementioned gene expressions were reversed by the combination of higher dietary levels of BT and OMs. In conclusion, the dietary supplementation of 500 ppm OMs along with 2,000 ppm BT yielded significant improvements in growth performance and mineral digestibility among broiler chickens, regardless of thermal conditions. Moreover, this combination effectively restored the expression of growth-related genes even under heat-stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Saleh
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 333516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Hossam M El-Tahan
- Animal Resource and Science Department, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, 12611, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed Shaban
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 333516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Wael A Morsy
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, 12611, Egypt
| | - Salwa Genedy
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 333516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohammed H Alzawqari
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 333516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt; Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Ibb University, 70270 Ibb, Yemen
| | - Hatem M El-Tahan
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, 12611, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 333516, Egypt
| | - Tarek A Ebeid
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 333516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt; Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira El-Keredy
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Khairiah Alwutayd
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed A Alhotan
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A A Al-Badwi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - In Ho Kim
- Animal Resource and Science Department, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Animal Resource and Science Department, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Abdel-Moneim Eid Abdel-Moneim
- Biological Applications Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Abu-Zaabal 13759, Egypt
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27
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Bhatt M, Di Iacovo A, Romanazzi T, Roseti C, Bossi E. Betaine-The dark knight of the brain. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 133:485-495. [PMID: 36735640 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The role of betaine in the liver and kidney has been well documented, even from the cellular and molecular point of view. Despite literature reporting positive effects of betaine supplementation in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and schizophrenia, the role and function of betaine in the brain are little studied and reviewed. Beneficial effects of betaine in neurodegeneration, excitatory and inhibitory imbalance and against oxidative stress in the central nervous system (CNS) have been collected and analysed to understand the main role of betaine in the brain. There are many 'dark' aspects needed to complete the picture. The understanding of how this osmolyte is transported across neuron and glial cells is also controversial, as the expression levels and functioning of the known protein capable to transport betaine expressed in the brain, betaine-GABA transporter 1 (BGT-1), is itself not well clarified. The reported actions of betaine beyond BGT-1 related to neuronal degeneration and memory impairment are the focus of this work. With this review, we underline the scarcity of detailed molecular and cellular information about betaine action. Consequently, the requirement of detailed focus on and study of the interaction of this molecule with CNS components to sustain the therapeutic use of betaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manan Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- School of Experimental and Translational Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Angela Di Iacovo
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- School of Experimental and Translational Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Tiziana Romanazzi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- School of Experimental and Translational Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Cristina Roseti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Elena Bossi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Xiong L, Wang K, Song M, Azad MAK, Zhu Q, Kong X. Dietary Betaine Supplementation Enhances Colonic Barrier Function through the Nrf2/Keap1 and TLR4-NF-κB/MAPK Signaling Pathways and Alters Colonic Microbiota in Bama Mini-Pigs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1926. [PMID: 38001779 PMCID: PMC10669150 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of betaine supplementation in sows and/or their offspring's diets on the redox status, immune and inflammatory levels, colonic barrier function, and colonic microbial community of offspring piglets. Thirty-six Bama mini-sows on day 3 of gestation and their weaned offspring piglets (28 d of age) were randomly allocated to the following treatments: (1) sows and their weaned offspring fed the basal diet (control group, Con group); (2) sows fed the basal diet with 3.50 kg/t betaine, and their weaned offspring fed the basal diet (sows betaine group, SB group); (3) sows fed the basal diet with 3.50 kg/t betaine, and their weaned offspring fed the basal diet with 2.50 kg/t betaine (sow-offspring betaine group, S-OB group). Six offspring piglets from each group were selected to collect plasma and colon samples on d 30, 60, and 90 after weaning. Compared with the Con group, the plasma levels of IgA, IgM, GSH-Px, and SOD during d 30-90 after weaning, IFN-α, T-AOC, and GSH on d 30 and 60 after weaning were increased, while MDA during d 30-90 after weaning was decreased in the SB and S-OB groups (p < 0.05). In addition, the plasma levels of IFN-γ on d 60 and T-AOC on d 30 after weaning were higher in the S-OB group than those in the Con group (p < 0.05). In the colon, betaine supplementation increased plasma T-AOC, GSH, and SOD levels while decreasing MDA concentration (p < 0.05). Betaine supplementation improved the colonic protein abundances of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin in offspring and activated the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway while inhibiting the TLR4-NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway on d 90 after weaning. The 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that betaine supplementation altered colonic microbiota composition by increasing the relative abundances of Verrucomicrobia and Actinobacteria in the SB group while decreasing proinflammatory-associated microbiota abundances (Tenericutes, Prevotella, and Parabacteroides) (p < 0.05). Collectively, these findings suggest that dietary betaine supplementation in sows and/or their offspring could improve offspring piglets' redox status and immune and anti-inflammatory levels and enhance the colonic barrier function by activating Nrf2/Keap1 and inhibiting TLR4-NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (L.X.); (K.W.); (M.S.); (M.A.K.A.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Kai Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (L.X.); (K.W.); (M.S.); (M.A.K.A.); (Q.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Mingtong Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (L.X.); (K.W.); (M.S.); (M.A.K.A.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Md. Abul Kalam Azad
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (L.X.); (K.W.); (M.S.); (M.A.K.A.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qian Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (L.X.); (K.W.); (M.S.); (M.A.K.A.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (L.X.); (K.W.); (M.S.); (M.A.K.A.); (Q.Z.)
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Banik A, Eum J, Hwang BJ, Kee Y. Differential Neuroprotective Effects of N-Acetylcysteine against Dithianon Toxicity in Glutamatergic, Dopaminergic, and GABAergic Neurons: Assessment Using Zebrafish. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1920. [PMID: 38001773 PMCID: PMC10668936 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the widespread agricultural use of dithianon as an antifungal agent, its neurotoxic implications for humans and wildlife have not been comprehensively explored. Using zebrafish embryonic development as our model, we found that dithianon treatment induced behavioral alterations in zebrafish larvae that appeared normal. Detailed quantitative analyses showed that dithianon at ≥0.0001 µgmL-1 induced cytoplasmic and mitochondrial antioxidant responses sequentially, followed by the disruption of mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis. Additionally, dithianon at 0.01 and 0.1 µgmL-1 downregulated the expressions of glutamatergic (slc17a6b), GABAergic (gad1b), and dopaminergic (th) neuronal markers. Contrarily, dithianon upregulated the expression of the oligodendrocyte marker (olig2) at concentrations of 0.001 and 0.01 µgmL-1, concurrently suppressing the gene expression of the glucose transporter slc2a1a/glut1. Particularly, dithianon-induced increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was reduced by both N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and betaine; however, only NAC prevented dithianon-induced mortality of zebrafish embryos. Moreover, NAC specifically prevented dithianon-induced alterations in glutamatergic and dopaminergic neurons while leaving GABAergic neurons unaffected, demonstrating that the major neurotransmission systems in the central nervous system differentially respond to the protective effects. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the neurotoxic potential of dithianon and to developing preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Banik
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Environmental and Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (A.B.); (J.E.)
| | - Juneyong Eum
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Environmental and Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (A.B.); (J.E.)
| | - Byung Joon Hwang
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yun Kee
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Liu K, Chen Y, Yang D, Cai Y, Yang Z, Jin J. Betaine-Based and Polyguanidine-Inserted Zwitterionic Micelle as a Promising Platform to Conquer the Intestinal Mucosal Barrier. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37878752 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Developing nanocarriers for oral drug delivery is often hampered by the dilemma of balancing mucus permeation and epithelium absorption, since huge differences in surface properties are required for sequentially overcoming these two processes. Inspired by mucus-penetrating viruses that universally possess a dense charge distribution with equal opposite charges on their surfaces, we rationally designed and constructed a poly(carboxybetaine)-based and polyguanidine-inserted cationic micelle platform (hybrid micelle) for oral drug delivery. The optimized hybrid micelle exhibited a great capacity for sequentially overcoming the mucus and villi barriers. It was demonstrated that a longer zwitterionic chain was favorable for mucus diffusion for hybrid micelles but not conducive to cellular uptake. In addition, the significantly enhanced internalization absorption of hybrid micelles was attributed to the synergistic effect of polyguanidine and proton-assisted amine acid transporter 1 (PAT1). Moreover, the retrograde pathway was mainly involved in the intracellular transport of hybrid micelles and transcytosis delivery. Furthermore, the prominent intestinal mucosa absorption in situ and in vivo liver distribution of the oral hybrid micelle were both detected. The results of this study indicated that the hybrid micelles were capable of conquering the intestinal mucosal barrier, having a great potential for oral application of drugs with poor oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedong Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Dutao Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yanfei Cai
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhaoqi Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jian Jin
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Huang S, Lim SY, Tan SH, Chan MY, Ni W, Li SFY. Targeted Plasma Metabolomics Reveals Association of Acute Myocardial Infarction Risk with the Dynamic Balance between Trimethylamine- N-oxide, Betaine, and Choline. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:15097-15105. [PMID: 37781984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), betaine, and choline with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) end point remains unclear. We analyzed plasma TMAO, betaine, and choline concentrations in AMI cases and non-AMI community-dwelling controls by LC-MS/MS to understand how the balance between these metabolites helps to reduce AMI risk. Results showed that the odds ratio (OR) for the highest versus lowest quartiles of betaine was 0.30 (95% CI, 0.10-0.82) after adjustment for AMI risk factors, and the unadjusted OR for quartile 3 versus quartile 1 of TMAO was 2.47 (95% CI, 1.02-6.17) (p < 0.05). The study populations with "high betaine + low TMAO" had a significant protective effect concerning AMI with a multivariable-adjusted OR of 0.20 (95% CI, 0.07-0.55) (p < 0.01). Multivariate linear regression showed that the chronological age was correlated with TMAO concentrations among AMI patients (95% CI, 0.05-3.24, p < 0.01) but not among the controls. This implies a further potential interplay between age and metabolite combination─AMI risk association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, International Joint Research Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Provincial Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore (NUS), 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Si Ying Lim
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore (NUS), 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences & Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, University Hall, Tan Chin Tuan Wing, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Sock Hwee Tan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Mark Y Chan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Wuzhong Ni
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Sam Fong Yau Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore (NUS), 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences & Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, University Hall, Tan Chin Tuan Wing, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), #02-01, T-Lab Building, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
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Li H, Zeng Y, Zheng X, Wang G, Tian J, Gong W, Xia Y, Zhang K, Li Z, Xie W, Xie J, Yu E. Dietary Betaine Attenuates High-Carbohydrate-Diet-Induced Oxidative Stress, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Apoptosis in Mandarin Fish ( Siniperca chuatsi). Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1860. [PMID: 37891939 PMCID: PMC10604392 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the impact of betaine on high-carbohydrate-diet-induced oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) (23.73 ± 0.05 g) were fed with control (NC), betaine (BET), high carbohydrate (HC), and high carbohydrate + betaine (HC + BET) diets for 8 weeks. The results showed that betaine significantly promoted the growth of mandarin fish irrespective of the dietary carbohydrate levels. The HC diet induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by significantly elevated MDA levels. The HC diet significantly stimulated the mRNA levels of genes involved in ER stress (ire1, perk, atf6, xbp1, eif2α, atf4, chop), autophagy (ulk1, becn1, lc3b), and apoptosis (bax). However, betaine mitigated HC-diet-induced oxidative stress by modulating antioxidant enzymes and alleviated ER stress by regulating the mRNA of genes in the PERK-eIF2a-ATF4 pathway. Additionally, betaine significantly reduced the mRNA levels of becn1 and bax, along with the apoptosis rate, indicating a mitigating effect on autophagy and apoptosis. Overall, dietary betaine improved growth, attenuated HC-diet-induced oxidative stress and ER stress, and ultimately alleviated apoptosis in mandarin fish. These findings provide evidence for the use of betaine in aquafeeds to counter disruptive effects due to diets containing high carbohydrate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (G.W.); (J.T.); (W.G.); (Y.X.); (K.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.X.); (J.X.)
| | - Yanzhi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (G.W.); (J.T.); (W.G.); (Y.X.); (K.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.X.); (J.X.)
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xinyu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (G.W.); (J.T.); (W.G.); (Y.X.); (K.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.X.); (J.X.)
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Guangjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (G.W.); (J.T.); (W.G.); (Y.X.); (K.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.X.); (J.X.)
| | - Jingjing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (G.W.); (J.T.); (W.G.); (Y.X.); (K.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.X.); (J.X.)
| | - Wangbao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (G.W.); (J.T.); (W.G.); (Y.X.); (K.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.X.); (J.X.)
| | - Yun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (G.W.); (J.T.); (W.G.); (Y.X.); (K.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.X.); (J.X.)
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (G.W.); (J.T.); (W.G.); (Y.X.); (K.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.X.); (J.X.)
| | - Zhifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (G.W.); (J.T.); (W.G.); (Y.X.); (K.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.X.); (J.X.)
| | - Wenping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (G.W.); (J.T.); (W.G.); (Y.X.); (K.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.X.); (J.X.)
| | - Jun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (G.W.); (J.T.); (W.G.); (Y.X.); (K.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.X.); (J.X.)
| | - Ermeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (G.W.); (J.T.); (W.G.); (Y.X.); (K.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.X.); (J.X.)
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Shi MM, Xu XF, Sun QM, Luo M, Liu DD, Guo DM, Chen L, Zhong XL, Xu Y, Cao WY. Betaine prevents cognitive dysfunction by suppressing hippocampal microglial activation in chronic social isolated male mice. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4755-4770. [PMID: 37846157 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Chronic social isolation (SI) stress, which became more prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic, contributes to abnormal behavior, including mood changes and cognitive impairment. Known as a functional nutrient, betaine has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in vivo. However, whether betaine can alleviate the abnormal behavior induced by chronic SI in mice remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of betaine in the treatment of behavioral changes and its underlying mechanism. Three-week-old male mice were randomly housed for 8 weeks in either group housing (GH) or SI. The animals were divided into normal saline-treated GH, normal saline-treated SI, and betaine-treated SI groups in the sixth week. The cognitive and depression-like behavior was determined in the eighth week. We found that long-term betaine administration improved cognitive behavior in SI mice but failed to prevent depression-like behavior. Moreover, long-term betaine administration inhibited hippocampal microglia over-activation and polarized microglia toward the M2 phenotype, which effectively inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors in SI mice. Finally, the protective effect of betaine treatment in SI mice might not be due to altered activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Collectively, our findings reveal that betaine can improve SI-induced cognitive impairment, thus providing an alternative natural source for the prevention of memory loss caused by SI or loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Meng Shi
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Fan Xu
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Qiu Min Sun
- Department of Nursing, Yiyang Medical College, Yiyang, Hunan, China
| | - Mingying Luo
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dan Dan Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Dong Min Guo
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Lin Zhong
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Wen Yu Cao
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Yang Q, Han H, Sun Z, Liu L, Zheng X, Meng Z, Tao N, Liu J. Association of choline and betaine with the risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: Meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e14041. [PMID: 37318151 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to systematically evaluate the role of circulating levels of choline and betaine in the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality by comprehensively reviewing observational studies. METHODS This study was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 statement. Six electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), were searched for cohort studies and derivative research design types (nested case-control and case-cohort studies) from the date of inception to March 2022. We pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the highest versus lowest category and per SD of circulating choline and betaine concentrations in relation to the risk of CVD and all-cause mortality. RESULTS In the meta-analysis, 17 studies with a total of 33,009 participants were included. Random-effects model results showed that highest versus lowest quantile of circulating choline concentrations were associated with the risk of CVD (RR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.04-1.61) and all-cause mortality (RR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.12-2.36). We also observed the risk of CVD were increased 13% (5%-22%) with per SD increment. Furthermore, highest versus lowest quantile of circulating betaine concentrations were not associated with the risk of CVD (RR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.92-1.24) and all-cause mortality (RR = 1.39, 95% CI: 0.96-2.01). However, the risk of CVD was increased 14% (5%-23%) with per SD increment. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of circulating choline were associated with a higher risk of CVD and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hua Han
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhongming Sun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xingting Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zeyu Meng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Na Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Knight LS, Knight TA. Making the case for prophylactic use of betaine to promote brain health in young (15-24 year old) athletes at risk for concussion. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1214976. [PMID: 37811321 PMCID: PMC10556504 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1214976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Betaine supplementation in the context of human nutrition, athletic performance, and clinical therapy demonstrate that the osmolyte and methyl donor, betaine, is cytoprotective and beneficial to human health. These studies also demonstrate that betaine supplementation in healthy humans is straight-forward with no reported adverse effects. Here, we explore betaine uptake in the central nervous system (CNS) and contribute to evidence that betaine may be uniquely protective to the brain. We specifically describe the therapeutic potential of betaine and explore the potential implications of betaine on inhibition mediated by GABA and glycine neurotransmission. The influence of betaine on neurophysiology complement betaine's role as an osmolyte and metabolite and is consistent with clinical evidence of betaine-mediated improvements to cognitive function (reported in elderly populations) and its anti-convulsant properties. Betaine's therapeutic potential in neurological disorders including epilepsy and neurodegenerative diseases combined with benefits of betaine supplementation on athletic performance support the unique application of betaine as a prophylaxis to concussion. As an example, we identify young athletes (15-24 years old), especially females, for prophylactic betaine supplementation to promote brain health and resilience in a cohort at high risk for concussion and for developing Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas A. Knight
- Biology Department, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA, United States
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Petersen JM, Smith-Webb RS, Shaw GM, Carmichael SL, Desrosiers TA, Nestoridi E, Darling AM, Parker SE, Politis MD, Yazdy MM, Werler MM. Periconceptional intakes of methyl donors and other micronutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism may further reduce the risk of neural tube defects in offspring: a United States population-based case-control study of women meeting the folic acid recommendations. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:720-728. [PMID: 37661108 PMCID: PMC10624769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural tube defects (NTDs) still occur among some women who consume 400 μg of folic acid for prevention. It has been hypothesized that intakes of methyl donors and other micronutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism may further protect against NTDs. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether intakes of vitamin B6, vitamin B12, choline, betaine, methionine, thiamine, riboflavin, and zinc, individually or in combination, were associated with NTD risk reduction in offspring of women meeting the folic acid recommendations. METHODS Data were from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (United States population-based, case-control). We restricted deliveries between 1999 and 2011 with daily periconceptional folic acid supplementation or estimated dietary folate equivalents ≥400 μg. NTD cases were live births, stillbirths, or terminations affected by spina bifida, anencephaly, or encephalocele (n = 1227). Controls were live births without a major birth defect (n = 7095). We categorized intake of each micronutrient as higher or lower based on a combination of diet (estimated from a food frequency questionnaire) and periconceptional vitamin supplementation. We estimated NTD associations for higher compared with lower intake of each micronutrient, individually and in combination, expressed as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, education, and study center. RESULTS NTD associations with each micronutrient were weak to modest. Greater NTD reductions were observed with concurrent higher-amount intakes of multiple micronutrients. For instance, NTD odds were ∼50% lower among participants with ≥4 micronutrients with higher-amount intakes than among participants with ≤1 micronutrient with higher-amount intake (adjusted OR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.86). The strongest reduction occurred with concurrent higher-amount intakes of vitamin B6, vitamin B12, choline, betaine, and methionine (adjusted OR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.77) compared with ≤1 micronutrient with higher-amount intake. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support that NTD prevention, in the context of folic acid fortification, could be augmented with intakes of methyl donors and other micronutrients involved in folate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Petersen
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Rashida S Smith-Webb
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gary M Shaw
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Suzan L Carmichael
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Center for Population Health Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Tania A Desrosiers
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Eirini Nestoridi
- Massachusetts Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anne Marie Darling
- Massachusetts Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Samantha E Parker
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maria D Politis
- Arkansas Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Mahsa M Yazdy
- Massachusetts Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Martha M Werler
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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Willingham BD, Rentería LI, Ragland TJ, Ormsbee MJ. The effects of betaine supplementation on fluid balance and heat tolerance during passive heat stress in men. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15792. [PMID: 37604644 PMCID: PMC10442523 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Consuming intracellular osmolytes, like betaine (BET), may attenuate symptoms of heat stress. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of BET supplementation on fluid balance and heat tolerance after a 7-day loading period and during passive heat exposure. METHODS A double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover study compared BET or placebo consumption (50 mg·kg-1 , twice daily) for 7 days in young, recreationally active men (N = 11). RESULTS During the loading period, no significant interactions were found for any marker of fluid balance between or within conditions. During heat exposure, significant time effects but no condition x time interactions, were found for plasma characteristics (i.e., volume, osmolality, sodium, albumin, and total protein). Plasma volume was significantly increased by min 30 in both conditions (PLA: +6.9. ± 5.0%, BET: +10.2 ± 7.4%) and remained elevated for the remainder of the experimental trial, but was not significantly different between conditions. After 60 min of passive heat exposure, both conditions experienced a similar increase in core temperature (PLA: +0.32 ± 0.22°C, BET: +0.31 ± 0.21°C; p = 0.912). CONCLUSIONS Supplemental BET did not improve markers of fluid balance or heat tolerance during 7 days of loading or during passive heat exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon D. Willingham
- Department of KinesiologyCoastal Carolina UniversityConwaySouth CarolinaUSA
- Institute of Sports Sciences & Medicine, Nutrition, and Integrative PhysiologyFlorida State UniversityFloridaUSA
| | - Liliana I. Rentería
- Institute of Sports Sciences & Medicine, Nutrition, and Integrative PhysiologyFlorida State UniversityFloridaUSA
| | - Tristan J. Ragland
- Institute of Sports Sciences & Medicine, Nutrition, and Integrative PhysiologyFlorida State UniversityFloridaUSA
- Department of Kinesiology and HealthRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Michael J. Ormsbee
- Institute of Sports Sciences & Medicine, Nutrition, and Integrative PhysiologyFlorida State UniversityFloridaUSA
- Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise, and Leisure SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
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Zhang C, Cao L, Jiang Y, Huang Z, Liu G, Wei Y, Xia Q. Molecular Dynamics Simulations on the Adsorbed Monolayers of N-Dodecyl Betaine at the Air-Water Interface. Molecules 2023; 28:5580. [PMID: 37513452 PMCID: PMC10384152 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Betaine is a kind of zwitterionic surfactant with both positive and negative charge groups on the polar head, showing good surface activity and aggregation behaviors. The interfacial adsorption, structures and properties of n-dodecyl betaine (NDB) at different surface coverages at the air-water interface are studied through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Interactions between the polar heads and water molecules, the distribution of water molecules around polar heads, the tilt angle of the NDB molecule, polar head and tail chain with respect to the surface normal, the conformations and lengths of the tail chain, and the interfacial thickness of the NDB monolayer are analyzed. The change of surface coverage hardly affects the locations and spatial distributions of the water molecules around the polar heads. As more NDB molecules are adsorbed at the air-water interface, the number of hydrogen bonds between polar heads and water molecules slightly decreases, while the lifetimes of hydrogen bonds become larger. With the increase in surface coverage, less gauche defects along the alkyl chain and longer NDB chain are obtained. The thickness of the NDB monolayer also increases. At large surface coverages, tilted angles of the polar head, tail chain and whole NDB molecule show little change with the increase in surface area. Surface coverages can change the tendency of polar heads and the tail chain for the surface normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Lulu Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Yongkang Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Zhiyao Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Guokui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Yaoyao Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Qiying Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
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Li H, Cui C, Cao X, Yuan F, Xu Z, Zhang L, Zhang L. The Interfacial Dilational Rheology Properties of Betaine Solutions: Effect of Anionic Surfactant and Polymer. Molecules 2023; 28:5436. [PMID: 37513308 PMCID: PMC10384304 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Interfacial dilational rheology is one of the important means to explore the interfacial properties of adsorption films. In this paper, the interfacial rheological properties of the mixed system of sulfobetaine ASB with a linear alkyl group and two anionic surfactants, petroleum sulfonate (PS) and alkyl polyoxyethylene carboxylate (AEC), were investigated by interfacial dilational rheology. The effect of the introduction of polymer hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide (HMPAM) on the interfacial properties of the mixed system was analyzed. In this experiment, the surfactant solution was used as the external phase and n-decane was used as the internal phase. A periodic sinusoidal disturbance of 0.1 Hz was applied to the n-decane droplets, and the changes of parameters such as droplet interfacial tension and interfacial area were monitored in real time with the help of a computer. The results show that the betaine ASB molecule responds to the dilation and compression of the interface through the change of ion head orientation, while the feedback behavior of petroleum sulfonate PS and AEC molecules embedded with oxygen vinyl groups in the molecule is diffusion and exchange between the interface and the bulk phase. Therefore, the interface film formed by ASB alone is higher, and the film formed by PS and AEC molecules alone is relatively lower. After adding two kinds of anionic surfactants to the betaine system, the ionic head of PS or AEC molecules will be attached to the positive center of the hydrophilic group of ASB molecules by electrostatic attraction and no longer adsorb and desorb with the interface deformation. The interfacial rheological properties of the compound system are still dominated by betaine, with higher dilational modulus and lower phase angle. When a small amount of HMPAM is added, or the content of hydrophobic monomer AMPS in the bulk phase is low, the intermolecular interaction at the interface is enhanced, the slow relaxation process is intensified, and the interfacial film strength is increased. As the content of AMPS further increases, hydrophobic blocks and surfactant molecules will form interfacial aggregates similar to mixed micelles at the oil-water interface, which will regulate the properties of the film by affecting the adsorption of surfactants at the interface. As long as the interfacial tension is the same, the properties of the interfacial film are the same. Based on the colloid interface science and the background of enhanced oil recovery, this study provides a reference for the field application of chemical flooding formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Li
- School of petroleum engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
- Exploration & Development Research Institute of Shengli Oilfield Co., Ltd., SINOPEC, Dongying 257015, China
| | - Chuanzhi Cui
- School of petroleum engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xulong Cao
- Exploration & Development Research Institute of Shengli Oilfield Co., Ltd., SINOPEC, Dongying 257015, China
| | - Fuqing Yuan
- Exploration & Development Research Institute of Shengli Oilfield Co., Ltd., SINOPEC, Dongying 257015, China
| | - Zhicheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Tseng HC, Wang MH, Fang CH, Lin YW, Soung HS. Involvement of Antioxidant and Prevention of Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effect and Anti-Apoptotic Effect: Betaine Ameliorates Haloperidol-Induced Orofacial Dyskinesia in Rats. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1064. [PMID: 37508996 PMCID: PMC10377434 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
With its pathophysiological characteristics strongly similar to patients with tardive dyskinesia (TD), haloperidol (HP)-induced neurotoxicity and orofacial dyskinesia (OD) in animal models have long been used to study human TD. This study aimed to explore the potential protective effects of betaine (BT), a vital biochemical compound present in plants, microorganisms, animals, and various dietary sources. The study focused on investigating the impact of BT on haloperidol (HP)-induced orofacial dyskinesia (OD) in rats, as well as the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms. To induce the development of OD, which is characterized by increased vacuous chewing movement (VCM) and tongue protrusion (TP), rats were administered HP (1 mg/kg i.p.) for 21 consecutive days. BT was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) at doses of 30 and 100 mg/kg, 60 min later, for 21 successive days. On the 21st day, after evaluating OD behavior, the rats were sacrificed, and various measurements were taken to assess the nitrosative and oxidative status, antioxidant capacity, mitochondrial function, neuroinflammation, and apoptotic markers in the striatum. The results demonstrated that (1) HP induced OD development, and (2) BT was found to prevent most of the HP-induced OD; decrease oxidative stress levels; increase anti-oxidation power; prevent mitochondrial dysfunction; and reduce the levels of neuroinflammatory and apoptotic markers in the striatum. Our results demonstrate that the neuroprotective effects of BT against HP-induced OD are credited to its antioxidant prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction, anti-neuroinflammatory effects, and anti-apoptotic effects, suggesting that BT may be a novel therapeutic candidate in delaying or treating human TD in clinical settings. However, further studies will be warranted to extrapolate preclinical findings into clinical studies for a better understanding of the role of BT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Chien Tseng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 11101, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Hsien Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, En Chu Kon Hospital, Sanshia District, New Taipei City 23702, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiang Fang
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
- Trauma and Emergency Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404018, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Sheng Soung
- Department of Psychiatry, Yuan-Shan Branch of Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Yilan 26604, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
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Kubo Y, Shoji K, Tajima A, Horiguchi S, Fukuoka H, Nishikawa M, Kagawa Y, Kawabata T. Serum 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate Status Is Associated with One-Carbon Metabolism-Related Metabolite Concentrations and Enzyme Activity Indicators in Young Women. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10993. [PMID: 37446171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining optimal one-carbon metabolism (OCM) is essential for health and pregnancy. In this cross-sectional study, folate status was assessed based on 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) levels, and the association between 5-MTHF and OCM-related metabolites was investigated in 227 female Japanese university students aged 18-25 years. The participants were divided into high and low 5-MTHF groups based on their folate status. Serum samples of the participants were collected while they were fasting, and 18 OCM-related metabolites were measured using stable-isotope dilution liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. The association between serum 5-MTHF and OCM-related metabolite concentrations was assessed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Serum 5-MTHF concentrations were negatively correlated with total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations and positively correlated with S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and total cysteine (tCys) concentrations. Serum 5-MTHF concentrations demonstrated a stronger negative correlation with tHcy/tCys than with tHcy alone. The negative correlation between betaine and tHcy concentrations was stronger in the low 5-MTHF group than in the high 5-MTHF group. The 5-MTHF status could be linked to Hcy flux into the transsulfuration pathway via SAM. Therefore, the tHcy/tCys ratio may be a more sensitive indicator of the 5-MTHF status than tHcy alone. Furthermore, a low 5-MTHF status can enhance Hcy metabolism via betaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Kubo
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado 350-0288, Japan
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Kumiko Shoji
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado 350-0288, Japan
| | - Akiko Tajima
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado 350-0288, Japan
| | - Sayaka Horiguchi
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado 350-0288, Japan
| | - Hideoki Fukuoka
- Department of Perinatal Mesenchymal Stem Cell Research, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Masazumi Nishikawa
- Department of Food Management, School of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Miyagi University, 2-2-1 Hatadate, Taihaku-ku, Sendai 982-0215, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kagawa
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado 350-0288, Japan
| | - Terue Kawabata
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado 350-0288, Japan
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Dobrijević D, Pastor K, Nastić N, Özogul F, Krulj J, Kokić B, Bartkiene E, Rocha JM, Kojić J. Betaine as a Functional Ingredient: Metabolism, Health-Promoting Attributes, Food Sources, Applications and Analysis Methods. Molecules 2023; 28:4824. [PMID: 37375378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Betaine is a non-essential amino acid with proven functional properties and underutilized potential. The most common dietary sources of betaine are beets, spinach, and whole grains. Whole grains-such as quinoa, wheat and oat brans, brown rice, barley, etc.-are generally considered rich sources of betaine. This valuable compound has gained popularity as an ingredient in novel and functional foods due to the demonstrated health benefits that it may provide. This review study will provide an overview of the various natural sources of betaine, including different types of food products, and explore the potential of betaine as an innovative functional ingredient. It will thoroughly discuss its metabolic pathways and physiology, disease-preventing and health-promoting properties, and further highlight the extraction procedures and detection methods in different matrices. In addition, gaps in the existing scientific literature will be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Dobrijević
- Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Institute for Children and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Kristian Pastor
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nataša Nastić
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Fatih Özogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Jelena Krulj
- Institute of Food Technology (FINS), University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Bojana Kokić
- Institute of Food Technology (FINS), University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Elena Bartkiene
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - João Miguel Rocha
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jovana Kojić
- Institute of Food Technology (FINS), University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Wei X, Zhang C, Gong D, Tu M, Wu L, Chen W, Zhang C. A Study on the Impermeability of Nanodispersible Modified Bentonite Based on Colloidal Osmotic Pressure Mechanisms and the Adsorption of Harmful Substances. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:1840. [PMID: 37368270 DOI: 10.3390/nano13121840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
With the growing demands of human beings, sanitary landfill, along with the increase in landfill depth and leachate water pressure, has put forward new and higher requirements for the impermeable layer. In particular, it is required to have a certain adsorption capacity of harmful substances from the perspective of environmental protection. Hence, the impermeability of polymer bentonite-sand mixtures (PBTS) at different water pressure and the adsorption properties of polymer bentonite (PBT) on contaminants were investigated through the modification of PBT using betaine compounded with sodium polyacrylate (SPA). It was found that the composite modification of betaine and SPA could reduce the average particle size of PBT dispersed in water (reduced to 106 nm from 201 nm) and enhance the swelling properties. As the content of SPA increased, the hydraulic conductivity of PBTS system decreases and the permeability resistance improves, while the resistance to external water pressure increases. It is proposed a concept of the potential of osmotic pressure in a constrained space to explain the impermeability mechanism of PBTS. The potential of osmotic pressure obtained by linear extrapolation of the trendline of colloidal osmotic pressure versus mass content of PBT could represent the external water pressure that the PBT resist. Additionally, the PBT also has a high adsorption capacity for both organic pollutants and heavy metal ions. The adsorption rate of PBT was up to 99.36% for phenol; up to 99.9% for methylene blue; and 99.89%, 99.9%, and 95.7% for low concentrations of Pb2+, Cd2+, and Hg+, respectively. This work is expected to provide strong technical support for the future development in the field of impermeability and removal of hazardous substances (organic and heavy metals).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunyang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Depeng Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mengdong Tu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lili Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wanyu Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chaocan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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Katarachia SA, Markaki SP, Velentzas AD, Stravopodis DJ. Genetic Targeting of dSAMTOR, A Negative dTORC1 Regulator, during Drosophila Aging: A Tissue-Specific Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119676. [PMID: 37298625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
mTORC1 regulates mammalian cell metabolism and growth in response to diverse environmental stimuli. Nutrient signals control the localization of mTORC1 onto lysosome surface scaffolds that are critically implicated in its amino acid-dependent activation. Arginine, leucine and S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) can serve as major mTORC1-signaling activators, with SAM binding to SAMTOR (SAM + TOR), a fundamental SAM sensor, preventing the protein's (SAMTOR's) inhibitory action(s) against mTORC1, thereby triggering its (mTORC1) kinase activity. Given the lack of knowledge regarding the role of SAMTOR in invertebrates, we have identified the Drosophila SAMTOR homologue (dSAMTOR) in silico and have, herein, genetically targeted it through the utilization of the GAL4/UAS transgenic tool. Survival profiles and negative geotaxis patterns were examined in both control and dSAMTOR-downregulated adult flies during aging. One of the two gene-targeted schemes resulted in lethal phenotypes, whereas the other one caused rather moderate pathologies in most tissues. The screening of head-specific kinase activities, via PamGene technology application, unveiled the significant upregulation of several kinases, including the dTORC1 characteristic substrate dp70S6K, in dSAMTOR-downregulated flies, thus strongly supporting the inhibitory dSAMTOR action(s) upon the dTORC1/dp70S6K signaling axis in Drosophila brain settings. Importantly, genetic targeting of the Drosophila BHMT bioinformatics counterpart (dBHMT), an enzyme that catabolizes betaine to produce methionine (the SAM precursor), led to severe compromises in terms of fly longevity, with glia-, motor neuron- and muscle-specific dBHMT downregulations exhibiting the strongest effects. Abnormalities in wing vein architectures were also detected in dBHMT-targeted flies, thereby justifying their notably reduced negative geotaxis capacities herein observed mainly in the brain-(mid)gut axis. In vivo adult fly exposure to clinically relevant doses of methionine revealed the mechanistic synergism of decreased dSAMTOR and increased methionine levels in pathogenic longevity, thus rendering (d)SAMTOR an important component in methionine-associated disorders, including homocystinuria(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatia A Katarachia
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia P Markaki
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanassios D Velentzas
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios J Stravopodis
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 15701 Athens, Greece
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Señas-Cuesta R, Stein A, Latorre JD, Maynard CJ, Hernandez-Velasco X, Petrone-Garcia V, Greene ES, Coles M, Gray L, Laverty L, Martin K, Loeza I, Uribe AJ, Martínez BC, Angel-Isaza JA, Graham D, Owens CM, Hargis BM, Tellez-Isaias G. The effects of essential oil from Lippia origanoides and herbal betaine on performance, intestinal integrity, bone mineralization and meat quality in broiler chickens subjected to cyclic heat stress. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1184636. [PMID: 37324386 PMCID: PMC10266421 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1184636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EO) affect performance, intestinal integrity, bone mineralization, and meat quality in broiler chickens subjected to cyclic heat stress (HS). Day-of-hatch Cobb 500 male broiler chicks (n = 475) were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1: No heat stress (Thermoneutral) + control diets with no antibiotics; Group 2: heat stress control + control diets; Group 3: heat stress + control diets supplemented with thymol chemotype (45 ppm) and herbal betaine (150 ppm) formulation EO1; Group 4: heat stress + control diets supplemented with phellandrene (45 ppm) and herbal betaine (150 ppm) formulation EO2. From day 10-42, the heat stress groups were exposed to cyclic HS at 35°C for 12 h (8:00-20:00). BW, BWG, FI, and FCRc were measured at d 0, 10, 28, and 42. Chickens were orally gavaged with FITC-d on days 10 (before heat stress) and 42. Morphometric analysis of duodenum and ileum samples and bone mineralization of tibias were done. Meat quality was assessed on day 43 with ten chickens per pen per treatment. Heat stress reduced BW by day 28 (p < 0.05) compared to thermoneutral chickens. At the end of the trial, chickens that received both formulations of EO1 and EO2 had significantly higher BW than HS control chickens. A similar trend was observed for BWG. FCRc was impaired by EO2 supplementation. There was a significant increase in total mortality in EO2 compared with EO1 EO1 chickens had lower FITC-d concentrations at day 42 than the HS control. In addition, EO1 treatment is not statistically different if compared to EO2 and thermoneutral. Control HS broilers had significantly lower tibia breaking strength and total ash at day 42 than heat-stressed chickens supplemented with EO1 and EO2. Heat stress affected intestinal morphology more than thermoneutral chickens. EO1 and EO2 improved intestinal morphology in heat-stressed chickens. Woody breast and white striping were more common in thermoneutral chickens than heat stress chickens. In conclusion, the EO-containing diet could improve broiler chicken growth during cyclic heat stress, becoming increasingly relevant in antibiotic-free production in harsh climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Señas-Cuesta
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Andressa Stein
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Juan D. Latorre
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Clay J. Maynard
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Victor Petrone-Garcia
- Departamento de Ciencias Pecuarias, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán UNAM, Cuautitlán, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth S. Greene
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Makenly Coles
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Latasha Gray
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Lauren Laverty
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Kristen Martin
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Ileana Loeza
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | | | | | | | - Danielle Graham
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Casey M. Owens
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Billy M. Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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Gül ET, Olgun O, Kılınç G, Yıldız A, Sarmiento-García A. Does the addition of choline and/or betaine to diets reduce the methionine requirements of laying quails? Assessment of performance and egg antioxidant capacity. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102816. [PMID: 37302323 PMCID: PMC10276285 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to assess the performance, quality of eggs internally and externally, and antioxidant capacity of yolks in laying quails with the administration of choline and betaine to diets containing reduced methionine levels. A total of 150 Japanese laying quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) at the 10-wk age were randomly assigned to 6 experimental groups, each consisting of 5 replicates and 5 birds for 10 wk. The treatment diets were designed by adding the following substances: 0.45% methionine (C), 0.30% methionine (LM), 0.30% methionine + 0.15% choline (LMC), 0.30% methionine + 0.20% betaine (LMB), 0.30% methionine + 0.075% choline + 0.10% betaine (LMCB1), 0.30% methionine + 0.15% choline + 0.20% betaine (LMCB2). The treatments did not affect performance, egg production, or egg internal quality (P > 0.05). No significant effect was determined on the damaged egg rate (P > 0.05), but the egg-breaking strength, eggshell thickness, and eggshell relative weight decreased in the LMCB2 group (P < 0.05). Regarding lipid peroxidation, treatments did not affect the yolk 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl value (P > 0.05), although the lowest thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value was observed in the LMB compared to the control group (P < 0.05). It may be summarized that methionine can be decreased to levels of 0.30% for laying quail diets with no negative effect on performance, egg production, or egg internal quality, whereas the combination of methionine (0.30%) and betaine (0.2%) could improve antioxidant stability of eggs over the 10-wk experimental period. These findings provide useful information to the traditional recommendations on the requirements of laying quail. However, further studies are needed to test whether these effects persist throughout extended study periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Tuğçe Gül
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Selçuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Osman Olgun
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Selçuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Gözde Kılınç
- Department of Food Processing, Suluova Vocational Schools, Amasya University, Amasya, Türkiye
| | - Alpönder Yıldız
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Selçuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Ainhoa Sarmiento-García
- Área de Producción Animal, Departmento de Construcción y Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Ambientales, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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Aguinaga-Ontoso I, Guillen-Aguinaga S, Guillen-Aguinaga L, Alas-Brun R, Guillen-Grima F. Effects of Nutrition Interventions on Athletic Performance in Soccer Players: A Systematic Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1271. [PMID: 37374054 PMCID: PMC10301089 DOI: 10.3390/life13061271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 270 million participants and 128,893 professional players play soccer. Although UEFA recommendations for nutrition in elite football exist, implementing these guidelines among professional and semiprofessional soccer players remains suboptimal, emphasizing the need for targeted and individualized nutritional strategies to improve adherence to established recommendations. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and clinical trial registers. Inclusion criteria focused on professional or semiprofessional soccer players, nutrition or diet interventions, performance improvement outcomes, and randomized clinical trial study types. We assessed quality using the Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool. We identified 16 eligible articles involving 310 participants. No nutritional interventions during the recovery period effectively improved recovery. However, several performance-based interventions showed positive effects, such as tart cherry supplementation, raw pistachio nut kernels, bicarbonate and mineral ingestion, creatine supplementation, betaine consumption, symbiotic supplements, and a high-carbohydrate diet. These interventions influenced various aspects of soccer performance, including endurance, speed, agility, strength, power, explosiveness, and anaerobic capacity. CONCLUSIONS Specific strategies, such as solutions with bicarbonate and minerals, high carbohydrate diets, and supplements like creatine, betaine, and tart cherry, can enhance the performance of professional soccer players. These targeted nutritional interventions may help optimize performance and provide the competitive edge required in professional soccer. We did not find any dietary interventions that could enhance recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Aguinaga-Ontoso
- Departament of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.G.-A.); (R.A.-B.)
- Area of Epidemiology and Public Health, Healthcare Research Institute of Navarre (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Guillen-Aguinaga
- Departament of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.G.-A.); (R.A.-B.)
| | | | - Rosa Alas-Brun
- Departament of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.G.-A.); (R.A.-B.)
| | - Francisco Guillen-Grima
- Departament of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.G.-A.); (R.A.-B.)
- Area of Epidemiology and Public Health, Healthcare Research Institute of Navarre (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Yan G, Shi Y, Mu C, Wang J. Differences in Organic Solute and Metabolites of Leymus chinensis in Response to Different Intensities of Salt and Alkali Stress. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12091916. [PMID: 37176974 PMCID: PMC10181334 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
To explore differences in the physiological metabolic response mechanisms of grassland perennial plants to different intensities of salt-alkali stress, we employed GC-MS to identify the metabolome of perennial rhizome-saline-tolerant Leymus chinensis (L. chinensis). L. chinensis reduced stress damage by accumulating osmotic solutes during salt-alkali stress, although the types of accumulated solutes varied with stress and concentration gradients. Soluble sugars increased only under mild salt-alkali stress. Under salt and mild alkali stress, amino acids increased. Under severe salt-alkali stress, organic acids increased. Betaine increased as a typical osmolute under salt-alkali stress. Metabolic analysis identified 20 metabolites, including 4 amino acids, 6 sugars, and 10 organic acids. The majority of them increased in response to stress. Under mild salt stress, the metabolites included glycine and proline. Under mild alkali stress, they primarily consisted of sugars such as isomaltose and lactulose, whereas under severe salt-alkali stress, they primarily consisted of organic acids such as citric acid and isocitric acid. Pathway analysis showed that six pathways were affected. Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism was affected under mild salt stress. Alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism and butanota metabolism were affected under mild alkali stress, while energy metabolism pathways, such as the TCA cycle and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, were affected under severe salt-alkali stress. The results indicate the importance of betaine in stress resistance and the significance of organic acid in severe salt stress, and they also demonstrate that energy supply was one of the key mechanisms in response to severe salt-alkali stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Yan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, No. 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yujie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, No. 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Chunsheng Mu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, No. 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, No. 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
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Won SY, Han GP, Kwon CH, Lee EC, Kil DY. Effect of individual or combination of dietary betaine and glycine on productive performance, stress response, liver health, and intestinal barrier function in broiler chickens raised under heat stress conditions. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102771. [PMID: 37236038 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The current experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of individual or combination of dietary betaine (Bet) and glycine (Gly) on productive performance, stress response, liver health, and intestinal barrier function in broiler chickens raised under heat stress (HS) conditions. A total of four hundred twenty 21-d-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments with 7 replicates. Birds in treatment 1 were raised under the thermoneutral condition (TN; 23 ± 0.6°C). Birds in other 4 treatment groups were subjected to a cyclic HS by exposing them to 32 ± 0.9°C for 8 h/d (from 09:00 to 17:00 h) and 28 ± 1.2°C for the remaining time for 14 d. Birds were fed a basal diet in TN condition (TN-C) and one group in HS conditions (HS-C), whereas other birds raised under HS conditions were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.20% Bet (HS-Bet), 0.79% Gly (HS-Gly), or their combination (0.20% Bet + 0.79% Gly; HS-Bet+Gly). Results indicated that birds in HS-Bet, HS-Gly, or HS-Bet+Gly treatment had higher (P < 0.05) final BW and BW gain, but lower (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) than those in HS-C treatment. However, values for improved final BW, BW gain, and FCR by dietary treatments were lower (P < 0.05) than those measured in TN-C treatment. Under HS conditions, birds in HS-Bet, HS-Gly, or HS-Bet+Gly treatment had lower (P < 0.05) heterophil to lymphocyte ratio than those in HS-C treatment. Birds in HS-Gly or HS-Bet+Gly treatment had higher (P < 0.05) villus height and goblet cell number than birds in HS-C treatment. Intestinal permeability was higher (P < 0.05) in all HS-treatment groups than in TN-C treatment, but it was not affected by dietary treatment. In conclusion, individual supplementation of 0.20% Bet or 0.79% Gly in diets alleviates the negative effect of HS in broiler chickens. However, the synergistic effect of the combination of 0.20% Bet and 0.79% Gly in broiler diets seems lower than expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yeon Won
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Ppeum Han
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Ho Kwon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Cheol Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yong Kil
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Seyyedsalehi MS, Rossi M, Hadji M, Rashidian H, Marzban M, Parpinel M, Fiori F, Naghibzadeh-Tahami A, Hannun YA, Luberto C, Zendehdel K, Boffetta P. Dietary Choline and Betaine Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in an Iranian Population. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092557. [PMID: 37174024 PMCID: PMC10177422 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing in low- and middle-income countries, likely due to changing lifestyle habits, including diet. We aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary betaine, choline, and choline-containing compounds and CRC risk. METHODS We analyzed data from a case-control study, including 865 CRC cases and 3206 controls from Iran. Detailed information was collected by trained interviewers using validated questionnaires. The intake of free choline, phosphocholine (Pcho), glycerophosphocholine (GPC), phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), and sphingomyelin (SM), as well as of betaine was estimated from food frequency questionnaires and categorized into quartiles. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of CRC for choline and betaine quartiles were calculated using multivariate logistic regression by adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS We observed excess risk of CRC in the highest versus lowest intake of total choline (OR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.13, 1.33), GPC (OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.00, 1.27), and SM (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.01, 1.28). The intake of betaine exerted an inverse association with CRC risk (OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.83, 0.99). There was no association between free choline, Pcho, PtdCho, and CRC. Analyses stratified by gender showed an elevated OR of CRC in men for SM intake OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.03, 1.40) and a significantly decreased CRC risk in women for betaine intake (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.73, 0.97). CONCLUSION Dietary modifications leading to an increase in betaine sources and managing the use of animal products as references for SM or other choline types might contribute to decreasing the risk of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Sadat Seyyedsalehi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 5166614711, Iran
| | - Marta Rossi
- The Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maryam Hadji
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 5166614711, Iran
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Hamideh Rashidian
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 5166614711, Iran
| | - Maryam Marzban
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3640, Canada
| | - Maria Parpinel
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Federica Fiori
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7619833477, Iran
- Health Foresight and Innovation Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7619833477, Iran
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, New York, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York, NY 11794, USA
| | - Chiara Luberto
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, New York, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Kazem Zendehdel
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 5166614711, Iran
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 5166614711, Iran
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, New York, NY 11794, USA
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