1
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Ollivier M, Soto JS, Linker KE, Moye SL, Jami-Alahmadi Y, Jones AE, Divakaruni AS, Kawaguchi R, Wohlschlegel JA, Khakh BS. Crym-positive striatal astrocytes gate perseverative behaviour. Nature 2024; 627:358-366. [PMID: 38418885 PMCID: PMC10937394 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Astrocytes are heterogeneous glial cells of the central nervous system1-3. However, the physiological relevance of astrocyte diversity for neural circuits and behaviour remains unclear. Here we show that a specific population of astrocytes in the central striatum expresses μ-crystallin (encoded by Crym in mice and CRYM in humans) that is associated with several human diseases, including neuropsychiatric disorders4-7. In adult mice, reducing the levels of μ-crystallin in striatal astrocytes through CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of Crym resulted in perseverative behaviours, increased fast synaptic excitation in medium spiny neurons and dysfunctional excitatory-inhibitory synaptic balance. Increased perseveration stemmed from the loss of astrocyte-gated control of neurotransmitter release from presynaptic terminals of orbitofrontal cortex-striatum projections. We found that perseveration could be remedied using presynaptic inhibitory chemogenetics8, and that this treatment also corrected the synaptic deficits. Together, our findings reveal converging molecular, synaptic, circuit and behavioural mechanisms by which a molecularly defined and allocated population of striatal astrocytes gates perseveration phenotypes that accompany neuropsychiatric disorders9-12. Our data show that Crym-positive striatal astrocytes have key biological functions within the central nervous system, and uncover astrocyte-neuron interaction mechanisms that could be targeted in treatments for perseveration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Ollivier
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joselyn S Soto
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kay E Linker
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stefanie L Moye
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yasaman Jami-Alahmadi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anthony E Jones
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ajit S Divakaruni
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James A Wohlschlegel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Baljit S Khakh
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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2
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Chantranupong L, Beron CC, Zimmer JA, Wen MJ, Wang W, Sabatini BL. Dopamine and glutamate regulate striatal acetylcholine in decision-making. Nature 2023; 621:577-585. [PMID: 37557915 PMCID: PMC10511323 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Striatal dopamine and acetylcholine are essential for the selection and reinforcement of motor actions and decision-making1. In vitro studies have revealed an intrastriatal circuit in which acetylcholine, released by cholinergic interneurons (CINs), drives the release of dopamine, and dopamine, in turn, inhibits the activity of CINs through dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs). Whether and how this circuit contributes to striatal function in vivo is largely unknown. Here, to define the role of this circuit in a living system, we monitored acetylcholine and dopamine signals in the ventrolateral striatum of mice performing a reward-based decision-making task. We establish that dopamine and acetylcholine exhibit multiphasic and anticorrelated transients that are modulated by decision history and reward outcome. Dopamine dynamics and reward encoding do not require the release of acetylcholine by CINs. However, dopamine inhibits acetylcholine transients in a D2R-dependent manner, and loss of this regulation impairs decision-making. To determine how other striatal inputs shape acetylcholine signals, we assessed the contribution of cortical and thalamic projections, and found that glutamate release from both sources is required for acetylcholine release. Altogether, we uncover a dynamic relationship between dopamine and acetylcholine during decision-making, and reveal multiple modes of CIN regulation. These findings deepen our understanding of the neurochemical basis of decision-making and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Chantranupong
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Celia C Beron
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Joshua A Zimmer
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Michelle J Wen
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Wengang Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Bernardo L Sabatini
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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3
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Krok AC, Maltese M, Mistry P, Miao X, Li Y, Tritsch NX. Intrinsic dopamine and acetylcholine dynamics in the striatum of mice. Nature 2023; 621:543-549. [PMID: 37558873 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05995-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
External rewards such as food and money are potent modifiers of behaviour1,2. Pioneering studies established that these salient sensory stimuli briefly interrupt the tonic discharge of neurons that produce the neuromodulators dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh): midbrain DA neurons (DANs) fire a burst of action potentials that broadly elevates DA in the striatum3,4 at the same time that striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs) produce a characteristic pause in firing5,6. These phasic responses are thought to create unique, temporally limited conditions that motivate action and promote learning7-11. However, the dynamics of DA and ACh outside explicitly rewarded situations remain poorly understood. Here we show that extracellular DA and ACh levels fluctuate spontaneously and periodically at a frequency of approximately 2 Hz in the dorsal striatum of mice and maintain the same temporal relationship relative to one another as that evoked by reward. We show that this neuromodulatory coordination does not arise from direct interactions between DA and ACh within the striatum. Instead, we provide evidence that periodic fluctuations in striatal DA are inherited from midbrain DANs, while striatal ACh transients are driven by glutamatergic inputs, which act to locally synchronize the spiking of CINs. Together, our findings show that striatal neuromodulatory dynamics are autonomously organized by distributed extra-striatal afferents. The dominance of intrinsic rhythms in DA and ACh offers new insights for explaining how reward-associated neural dynamics emerge and how the brain motivates action and promotes learning from within.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Krok
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marta Maltese
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pratik Mistry
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaolei Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nicolas X Tritsch
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
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4
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Patton MS, Sheats SH, Siclair AN, Mathur BN. Alcohol potentiates multiple GABAergic inputs to dorsal striatum fast-spiking interneurons. Neuropharmacology 2023; 232:109527. [PMID: 37011784 PMCID: PMC10122715 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Parvalbumin-expressing dorsal striatal fast-spiking interneurons, comprising ∼1% of the total dorsal striatal neuronal population, are necessary for the expression of compulsive-like ethanol consumption mice. Fast-spiking interneurons are driven to fire by glutamatergic inputs derived primarily from the cortex. However, these neurons also receive substantial GABAergic input from two sources: the globus pallidus and the reticular nucleus of the thalamus. How ethanol modulates inhibitory input onto fast-spiking neurons is unclear and, more broadly, alcohol effects on GABAergic synaptic transmission onto GABAergic interneurons are understudied. Examining this, we found that acute bath application of ethanol (50 mM) potentiated GABAergic transmission from both the globus pallidus and the reticular nucleus of the thalamus onto fast-spiking interneurons in mouse of both sexes. This ethanol-induced potentiation required postsynaptic calcium and was not accompanied by a sustained change in presynaptic GABA release probability. Examining whether this ethanol effect persisted following chronic intermittent ethanol exposure, we found attenuated acute-ethanol potentiation of GABAergic transmission from both the globus pallidus and the reticular nucleus of the thalamus onto striatal fast-spiking interneurons. These data underscore the impact of ethanol on GABAergic signaling in the dorsal striatum and support the notion that ethanol may disinhibit the dorsolateral striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Patton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Samuel H Sheats
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Allison N Siclair
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Brian N Mathur
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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5
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Ma L, Day-Cooney J, Benavides OJ, Muniak MA, Qin M, Ding JB, Mao T, Zhong H. Locomotion activates PKA through dopamine and adenosine in striatal neurons. Nature 2022; 611:762-768. [PMID: 36352228 PMCID: PMC10752255 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05407-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The canonical model of striatal function predicts that animal locomotion is associated with the opposing regulation of protein kinase A (PKA) in direct and indirect pathway striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) by dopamine1-7. However, the precise dynamics of PKA in dorsolateral SPNs during locomotion remain to be determined. It is also unclear whether other neuromodulators are involved. Here we show that PKA activity in both types of SPNs is essential for normal locomotion. Using two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging8-10 of a PKA sensor10 through gradient index lenses, we measured PKA activity within individual SPNs of the mouse dorsolateral striatum during locomotion. Consistent with the canonical view, dopamine activated PKA activity in direct pathway SPNs during locomotion through the dopamine D1 receptor. However, indirect pathway SPNs exhibited a greater increase in PKA activity, which was largely abolished through the blockade of adenosine A2A receptors. In agreement with these results, fibre photometry measurements of an adenosine sensor11 revealed an acute increase in extracellular adenosine during locomotion. Functionally, antagonism of dopamine or adenosine receptors resulted in distinct changes in SPN PKA activity, neuronal activity and locomotion. Together, our results suggest that acute adenosine accumulation interplays with dopamine release to orchestrate PKA activity in SPNs and proper striatal function during animal locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ma
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Julian Day-Cooney
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Omar Jáidar Benavides
- Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Muniak
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Maozhen Qin
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jun B Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Tianyi Mao
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Haining Zhong
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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6
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Román V, Kedves R, Kelemen K, Némethy Z, Sperlágh B, Lendvai B, Vizi ES. Contribution of analog signaling to neurotransmitter interactions and behavior: Role of transporter-mediated nonquantal dopamine release. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15088. [PMID: 34762352 PMCID: PMC8582292 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal networks cause changes in behaviorally important information processing through the vesicular release of neurotransmitters governed by the rate and timing of action potentials (APs). Herein, we provide evidence that dopamine (DA), nonquantally released from the cytoplasm, may exert similar effects in vivo. In mouse slice preparations, (+/-)-3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA, or ecstasy) and β-phenylethylamine (β-PEA)-induced DA release in the striatum and nucleus accumbens (NAc), two regions of the brain involved in reward-driven and social behavior and inhibited the axonal stimulation-induced release of tritiated acetylcholine ([3 H]ACh) in the striatum. The DA transporter (DAT) inhibitor (GBR-12909) prevented MDMA and β-PEA from causing DA release. GBR-12909 could also restore some of the stimulated acetylcholine release reduced by MDMA or β-PEA in the striatum confirming the fundamental role of DAT. In addition, hypothermia could prevent the β-PEA-induced release in the striatum and in the NAc. Sulpiride, a D2 receptor antagonist, also prevented the inhibitory effects of MDMA or β-PEA on stimulated ACh release, suggesting they act indirectly via binding of DA. Reflecting the neurochemical interactions in brain slices at higher system level, MDMA altered the social behavior of rats by preferentially enhancing passive social behavior. Similar to the in vitro effects, GBR-12909 treatment reversed specific elements of the MDMA-induced changes in behavior, such as passive social behavior, while left others including social play unchanged. The changes in behavior by the high level of extracellular DA-- a significant amount originating from cytoplasmic release--suggest that in addition to digital computation through synapses, the brain also uses analog communication, such as DA signaling, to mediate some elements of complex behaviors, but in a much longer time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Román
- Pharmacology and Drug Safety ResearchGedeon Richter Plc.BudapestHungary
| | - Rita Kedves
- Pharmacology and Drug Safety ResearchGedeon Richter Plc.BudapestHungary
| | - Kristóf Kelemen
- Pharmacology and Drug Safety ResearchGedeon Richter Plc.BudapestHungary
| | - Zsolt Némethy
- Pharmacology and Drug Safety ResearchGedeon Richter Plc.BudapestHungary
| | | | - Balázs Lendvai
- Pharmacology and Drug Safety ResearchGedeon Richter Plc.BudapestHungary
| | - E. Sylvester Vizi
- Institute of Experimental MedicineBudapestHungary
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacotherapySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
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7
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Costa BM, Kwapisz LC, Mehrkens B, Bledsoe DN, Vacca BN, Johnston TV, Razzaq R, Manickam D, Klein BG. A glutamate concentration-biased allosteric modulator potentiates NMDA-induced ion influx in neurons. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00859. [PMID: 34476911 PMCID: PMC8413904 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Precisely controlled synaptic glutamate concentration is essential for the normal function of the N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Atypical fluctuations in synaptic glutamate homeostasis lead to aberrant NMDA receptor activity that results in the pathogenesis of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Therefore, glutamate concentration-dependent NMDA receptor modulators would be clinically useful agents with fewer on-target adverse effects. In the present study, we have characterized a novel compound (CNS4) that potentiates NMDA receptor currents based on glutamate concentration. This compound alters glutamate potency and exhibits no voltage-dependent effect. Patch-clamp electrophysiology recordings confirmed agonist concentration-dependent changes in maximum inducible currents. Dynamic Ca2+ and Na+ imaging assays using rat brain cortical, striatal and cerebellar neurons revealed CNS4 potentiated ion influx through native NMDA receptor activity. Overall, CNS4 is novel in chemical structure, mechanism of action and agonist concentration-biased allosteric modulatory effect. This compound or its future analogs will serve as useful candidates to develop drug-like compounds for the treatment of treatment-resistant schizophrenia and major depression disorders associated with hypoglutamatergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise M. Costa
- Center for One Health ResearchVirginia Maryland College of Veterinary MedicineVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
- Edward Via Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOMBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
- School of NeuroscienceVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
| | - Lina Cortés Kwapisz
- Center for One Health ResearchVirginia Maryland College of Veterinary MedicineVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
| | - Brittney Mehrkens
- Center for One Health ResearchVirginia Maryland College of Veterinary MedicineVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
| | - Douglas N. Bledsoe
- Center for One Health ResearchVirginia Maryland College of Veterinary MedicineVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
- Present address:
Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Bryanna N. Vacca
- Center for One Health ResearchVirginia Maryland College of Veterinary MedicineVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
- Present address:
University of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Tullia V. Johnston
- Center for One Health ResearchVirginia Maryland College of Veterinary MedicineVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
| | - Rehan Razzaq
- Edward Via Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOMBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
| | | | - Bradley G. Klein
- Center for One Health ResearchVirginia Maryland College of Veterinary MedicineVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
- School of NeuroscienceVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
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8
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Hofmann CS, Carrington S, Keller AN, Gregory KJ, Niswender CM. Regulation and functional consequences of mGlu 4 RNA editing. RNA 2021; 27:1220-1240. [PMID: 34244459 PMCID: PMC8457003 DOI: 10.1261/rna.078729.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGlu4) is one of eight mGlu receptors within the Class C G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. mGlu4 is primarily localized to the presynaptic membrane of neurons where it functions as an auto and heteroreceptor controlling synaptic release of neurotransmitter. mGlu4 is implicated in numerous disorders and is a promising drug target; however, more remains to be understood about its regulation and pharmacology. Using high-throughput sequencing, we have validated and quantified an adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing event that converts glutamine 124 to arginine in mGlu4; additionally, we have identified a rare but novel K129R site. Using an in vitro editing assay, we then validated the pre-mRNA duplex that allows for editing by ADAR enzymes and predicted its conservation across the mammalian species. Structural modeling of the mGlu4 protein predicts the Q124R substitution to occur in the B helix of the receptor that is critical for receptor dimerization and activation. Interestingly, editing of a receptor homodimer does not disrupt G protein activation in response to the endogenous agonist, glutamate. Using an assay designed to specifically measure heterodimer populations at the surface, however, we found that Q124R substitution decreased the propensity of mGlu4 to heterodimerize with mGlu2 and mGlu7 Our study is the first to extensively describe the extent and regulatory factors of RNA editing of mGlu4 mRNA transcripts. In addition, we have proposed a novel functional consequence of this editing event that provides insights regarding its effects in vivo and expands the regulatory capacity for mGlu receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine Deaminase/genetics
- Adenosine Deaminase/metabolism
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Pairing
- Base Sequence
- Birds
- Cerebral Cortex/cytology
- Cerebral Cortex/metabolism
- Corpus Striatum/cytology
- Corpus Striatum/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Hippocampus/cytology
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- Humans
- Models, Molecular
- Neurons/cytology
- Neurons/metabolism
- Nucleic Acid Conformation
- Point Mutation
- Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical
- Protein Conformation, beta-Strand
- RNA Editing
- RNA, Messenger/chemistry
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/chemistry
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/genetics
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/metabolism
- Reptiles
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Hofmann
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Sheridan Carrington
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Andrew N Keller
- Department of Pharmacology and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Karen J Gregory
- Department of Pharmacology and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA
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9
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Moss MM, Zatka-Haas P, Harris KD, Carandini M, Lak A. Dopamine Axons in Dorsal Striatum Encode Contralateral Visual Stimuli and Choices. J Neurosci 2021; 41:7197-7205. [PMID: 34253628 PMCID: PMC8387116 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0490-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The striatum plays critical roles in visually-guided decision-making and receives dense axonal projections from midbrain dopamine neurons. However, the roles of striatal dopamine in visual decision-making are poorly understood. We trained male and female mice to perform a visual decision task with asymmetric reward payoff, and we recorded the activity of dopamine axons innervating striatum. Dopamine axons in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) responded to contralateral visual stimuli and contralateral rewarded actions. Neural responses to contralateral stimuli could not be explained by orienting behavior such as eye movements. Moreover, these contralateral stimulus responses persisted in sessions where the animals were instructed to not move to obtain reward, further indicating that these signals are stimulus-related. Lastly, we show that DMS dopamine signals were qualitatively different from dopamine signals in the ventral striatum (VS), which responded to both ipsilateral and contralateral stimuli, conforming to canonical prediction error signaling under sensory uncertainty. Thus, during visual decisions, DMS dopamine encodes visual stimuli and rewarded actions in a lateralized fashion, and could facilitate associations between specific visual stimuli and actions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT While the striatum is central to goal-directed behavior, the precise roles of its rich dopaminergic innervation in perceptual decision-making are poorly understood. We found that in a visual decision task, dopamine axons in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) signaled stimuli presented contralaterally to the recorded hemisphere, as well as the onset of rewarded actions. Stimulus-evoked signals persisted in a no-movement task variant. We distinguish the patterns of these signals from those in the ventral striatum (VS). Our results contribute to the characterization of region-specific dopaminergic signaling in the striatum and highlight a role in stimulus-action association learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane M Moss
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Zatka-Haas
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth D Harris
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Carandini
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Armin Lak
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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10
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Smith ACW, Jonkman S, Difeliceantonio AG, O'Connor RM, Ghoshal S, Romano MF, Everitt BJ, Kenny PJ. Opposing roles for striatonigral and striatopallidal neurons in dorsolateral striatum in consolidating new instrumental actions. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5121. [PMID: 34433818 PMCID: PMC8387469 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25460-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparatively little is known about how new instrumental actions are encoded in the brain. Using whole-brain c-Fos mapping, we show that neural activity is increased in the anterior dorsolateral striatum (aDLS) of mice that successfully learn a new lever-press response to earn food rewards. Post-learning chemogenetic inhibition of aDLS disrupts consolidation of the new instrumental response. Similarly, post-learning infusion of the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin into the aDLS disrupts consolidation of the new response. Activity of D1 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (D1-MSNs) increases and D2-MSNs activity decreases in the aDLS during consolidation. Chemogenetic inhibition of D1-MSNs in aDLS disrupts the consolidation process whereas D2-MSN inhibition strengthens consolidation but blocks the expression of previously learned habit-like responses. These findings suggest that D1-MSNs in the aDLS encode new instrumental actions whereas D2-MSNs oppose this new learning and instead promote expression of habitual actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C W Smith
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sietse Jonkman
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra G Difeliceantonio
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences and Center for Transformative Research on Health Behaviors, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, VA, USA
| | - Richard M O'Connor
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Soham Ghoshal
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael F Romano
- Department of Computational Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barry J Everitt
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul J Kenny
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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11
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Basham HK, Aghoghovwia BE, Papaioannou P, Seo S, Oorschot DE. Delayed Double Treatment with Adult-Sourced Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Increases Striatal Medium-Spiny Neuronal Number, Decreases Striatal Microglial Number, and Has No Subventricular Proliferative Effect, after Acute Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia in Male Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157862. [PMID: 34360638 PMCID: PMC8346138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is a major cause of striatal injury. Delayed post-treatment with adult-sourced bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) increased the absolute number of striatal medium-spiny neurons (MSNs) following perinatal HI-induced brain injury. Yet extraction of BMSCs is more invasive and difficult compared to extraction of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs), which are easily sourced from subcutaneous tissue. Adult-sourced AD-MSCs are also superior to BMSCs in the treatment of adult ischemic stroke. Therefore, we investigated whether delayed post-treatment with adult-sourced AD-MSCs increased the absolute number of striatal MSNs following perinatal HI-induced brain injury. This included investigation of the location of injected AD-MSCs within the brain, which were widespread in the dorsolateral subventricular zone (dlSVZ) at 1 day after their injection. Cells extracted from adult rat tissue were verified to be stem cells by their adherence to tissue culture plastic and their expression of specific ‘cluster of differentiation’ (CD) markers. They were verified to be AD-MSCs by their ability to differentiate into adipocytes and osteocytes in vitro. Postnatal day (PN) 7/8, male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to either HI right-sided brain injury or no HI injury. The HI rats were either untreated (HI + Diluent), single stem cell-treated (HI + MSCs×1), or double stem cell-treated (HI + MSCs×2). Control rats that were matched-for-weight and litter had no HI injury and were treated with diluent (Uninjured + Diluent). Treatment with AD-MSCs or diluent occurred either 7 days, or 7 and 9 days, after HI. There was a significant increase in the absolute number of striatal dopamine and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein (DARPP-32)-positive MSNs in the double stem cell-treated (HI + MSCs×2) group and the normal control group compared to the HI + Diluent group at PN21. We therefore investigated two potential mechanisms for this effect of double-treatment with AD-MSCs. Specifically, did AD-MSCs: (i) increase the proliferation of cells within the dlSVZ, and (ii) decrease the microglial response in the dlSVZ and striatum? It was found that a primary repair mechanism triggered by double treatment with AD-MSCs involved significantly decreased striatal inflammation. The results may lead to the development of clinically effective and less invasive stem cell therapies for neonatal HI brain injury.
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12
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Kunselman JM, Gupta A, Gomes I, Devi LA, Puthenveedu MA. Compartment-specific opioid receptor signaling is selectively modulated by different dynorphin peptides. eLife 2021; 10:e60270. [PMID: 33908346 PMCID: PMC8112862 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many signal transduction systems have an apparent redundancy built into them, where multiple physiological agonists activate the same receptors. Whether this is true redundancy, or whether this provides an as-yet unrecognized specificity in downstream signaling, is not well understood. We address this question using the kappa opioid receptor (KOR), a physiologically relevant G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is activated by multiple members of the Dynorphin family of opioid peptides. We show that two related peptides, Dynorphin A and Dynorphin B, bind and activate KOR to similar extents in mammalian neuroendocrine cells and rat striatal neurons, but localize KOR to distinct intracellular compartments and drive different post-endocytic fates of the receptor. Strikingly, localization of KOR to the degradative pathway by Dynorphin A induces sustained KOR signaling from these compartments. Our results suggest that seemingly redundant endogenous peptides can fine-tune signaling by regulating the spatiotemporal profile of KOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Kunselman
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Training Program, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Achla Gupta
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ivone Gomes
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Lakshmi A Devi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Manojkumar A Puthenveedu
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Training Program, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
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13
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de Kloet SF, Bruinsma B, Terra H, Heistek TS, Passchier EMJ, van den Berg AR, Luchicchi A, Min R, Pattij T, Mansvelder HD. Bi-directional regulation of cognitive control by distinct prefrontal cortical output neurons to thalamus and striatum. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1994. [PMID: 33790281 PMCID: PMC8012364 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) steers goal-directed actions and withholds inappropriate behavior. Dorsal and ventral mPFC (dmPFC/vmPFC) circuits have distinct roles in cognitive control, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we use neuroanatomical tracing techniques, in vitro electrophysiology, chemogenetics and fiber photometry in rats engaged in a 5-choice serial reaction time task to characterize dmPFC and vmPFC outputs to distinct thalamic and striatal subdomains. We identify four spatially segregated projection neuron populations in the mPFC. Using fiber photometry we show that these projections distinctly encode behavior. Postsynaptic striatal and thalamic neurons differentially process synaptic inputs from dmPFC and vmPFC, highlighting mechanisms that potentially amplify distinct pathways underlying cognitive control of behavior. Chemogenetic silencing of dmPFC and vmPFC projections to lateral and medial mediodorsal thalamus subregions oppositely regulate cognitive control. In addition, dmPFC neurons projecting to striatum and thalamus divergently regulate cognitive control. Collectively, we show that mPFC output pathways targeting anatomically and functionally distinct striatal and thalamic subregions encode bi-directional command of cognitive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybren F de Kloet
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Bastiaan Bruinsma
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huub Terra
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim S Heistek
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emma M J Passchier
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra R van den Berg
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Luchicchi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier Min
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tommy Pattij
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huibert D Mansvelder
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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14
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Cottone E, Pomatto V, Rapelli S, Scandiffio R, Mackie K, Bovolin P. Cannabinoid Receptor Modulation of Neurogenesis: ST14A Striatal Neural Progenitor Cells as a Simplified In Vitro Model. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051448. [PMID: 33800024 PMCID: PMC7962126 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is involved in the modulation of several basic biological processes, having widespread roles in neurodevelopment, neuromodulation, immune response, energy homeostasis and reproduction. In the adult central nervous system (CNS) the ECS mainly modulates neurotransmitter release, however, a substantial body of evidence has revealed a central role in regulating neurogenesis in developing and adult CNS, also under pathological conditions. Due to the complexity of investigating ECS functions in neural progenitors in vivo, we tested the suitability of the ST14A striatal neural progenitor cell line as a simplified in vitro model to dissect the role and the mechanisms of ECS-regulated neurogenesis, as well as to perform ECS-targeted pharmacological approaches. We report that ST14A cells express various ECS components, supporting the presence of an active ECS. While CB1 and CB2 receptor blockade did not affect ST14A cell number, exogenous administration of the endocannabinoid 2-AG and the synthetic CB2 agonist JWH133 increased ST14A cell proliferation. Phospholipase C (PLC), but not PI3K pharmacological blockade negatively modulated CB2-induced ST14A cell proliferation, suggesting that a PLC pathway is involved in the steps downstream to CB2 activation. On the basis of our results, we propose ST14A neural progenitor cells as a useful in vitro model for studying ECS modulation of neurogenesis, also in prospective in vivo pharmacological studies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators/pharmacology
- Cannabinoids/pharmacology
- Cell Line
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Corpus Striatum/cytology
- Estrenes/pharmacology
- Neural Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neural Stem Cells/physiology
- Neurogenesis/drug effects
- Neurogenesis/physiology
- Pyrrolidinones/pharmacology
- Rats
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/genetics
- Receptors, Cannabinoid/genetics
- Receptors, Cannabinoid/metabolism
- Type C Phospholipases/antagonists & inhibitors
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Cottone
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Torino, Italy; (E.C.); (V.P.); (S.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Valentina Pomatto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Torino, Italy; (E.C.); (V.P.); (S.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Stefania Rapelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Torino, Italy; (E.C.); (V.P.); (S.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Rosaria Scandiffio
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Torino, Italy; (E.C.); (V.P.); (S.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Ken Mackie
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA;
| | - Patrizia Bovolin
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Torino, Italy; (E.C.); (V.P.); (S.R.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-6704679
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15
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Davatolhagh MF, Fuccillo MV. Neurexin1⍺ differentially regulates synaptic efficacy within striatal circuits. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108773. [PMID: 33626349 PMCID: PMC8071350 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes essential for synaptic function, such as the presynaptic adhesion molecule Neurexin1α (Nrxn1α), are strongly implicated in neuropsychiatric pathophysiology. As the input nucleus of the basal ganglia, the striatum integrates diverse excitatory projections governing cognitive and motor control, and its impairment may represent a recurrent pathway to disease. Here, we test the functional relevance of Nrxn1α in striatal circuits by employing optogenetic-mediated afferent recruitment of dorsal prefrontal cortical (dPFC) and parafascicular thalamic connections onto dorsomedial striatal (DMS) spiny projection neurons (SPNs). For dPFC-DMS circuits, we find decreased synaptic strength specifically onto indirect pathway SPNs in both Nrxn1α+/- and Nrxn1α-/- mice, driven by reductions in neurotransmitter release. In contrast, thalamic excitatory inputs to DMS exhibit relatively normal excitatory synaptic strength despite changes in synaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) content. These findings suggest that dysregulation of Nrxn1α modulates striatal function in an input- and target-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Felicia Davatolhagh
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marc V Fuccillo
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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16
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Alcalá-Vida R, Seguin J, Lotz C, Molitor AM, Irastorza-Azcarate I, Awada A, Karasu N, Bombardier A, Cosquer B, Skarmeta JLG, Cassel JC, Boutillier AL, Sexton T, Merienne K. Age-related and disease locus-specific mechanisms contribute to early remodelling of chromatin structure in Huntington's disease mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:364. [PMID: 33441541 PMCID: PMC7807045 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal dynamics and mechanisms underlying epigenetic changes in Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disease primarily affecting the striatum, remain unclear. Using a slowly progressing knockin mouse model, we profile the HD striatal chromatin landscape at two early disease stages. Data integration with cell type-specific striatal enhancer and transcriptomic databases demonstrates acceleration of age-related epigenetic remodelling and transcriptional changes at neuronal- and glial-specific genes from prodromal stage, before the onset of motor deficits. We also find that 3D chromatin architecture, while generally preserved at neuronal enhancers, is altered at the disease locus. Specifically, we find that the HD mutation, a CAG expansion in the Htt gene, locally impairs the spatial chromatin organization and proximal gene regulation. Thus, our data provide evidence for two early and distinct mechanisms underlying chromatin structure changes in the HD striatum, correlating with transcriptional changes: the HD mutation globally accelerates age-dependent epigenetic and transcriptional reprogramming of brain cell identities, and locally affects 3D chromatin organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Alcalá-Vida
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), University of Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS UMR 7364, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jonathan Seguin
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), University of Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS UMR 7364, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Caroline Lotz
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), University of Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS UMR 7364, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne M Molitor
- Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67404, Illkirch, France
- CNRS UMR7104, 67404, Illkirch, France
- INSERM U1258, 67404, Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ibai Irastorza-Azcarate
- Berlin Institute of Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ali Awada
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), University of Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS UMR 7364, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nezih Karasu
- Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67404, Illkirch, France
- CNRS UMR7104, 67404, Illkirch, France
- INSERM U1258, 67404, Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aurélie Bombardier
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), University of Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS UMR 7364, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Brigitte Cosquer
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), University of Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS UMR 7364, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jose Luis Gomez Skarmeta
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain
| | - Jean-Christophe Cassel
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), University of Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS UMR 7364, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne-Laurence Boutillier
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), University of Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS UMR 7364, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas Sexton
- Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67404, Illkirch, France
- CNRS UMR7104, 67404, Illkirch, France
- INSERM U1258, 67404, Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Karine Merienne
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), University of Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
- CNRS UMR 7364, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
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17
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Peak J, Chieng B, Hart G, Balleine BW. Striatal direct and indirect pathway neurons differentially control the encoding and updating of goal-directed learning. eLife 2020; 9:e58544. [PMID: 33215609 PMCID: PMC7707820 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The posterior dorsomedial striatum (pDMS) is necessary for goal-directed action; however, the role of the direct (dSPN) and indirect (iSPN) spiny projection neurons in the pDMS in such actions remains unclear. In this series of experiments, we examined the role of pDMS SPNs in goal-directed action in rats and found that whereas dSPNs were critical for goal-directed learning and for energizing the learned response, iSPNs were involved in updating that learning to support response flexibility. Instrumental training elevated expression of the plasticity marker Zif268 in dSPNs only, and chemogenetic suppression of dSPN activity during training prevented goal-directed learning. Unilateral optogenetic inhibition of dSPNs induced an ipsilateral response bias in goal-directed action performance. In contrast, although initial goal-directed learning was unaffected by iSPN manipulations, optogenetic inhibition of iSPNs, but not dSPNs, impaired the updating of this learning and attenuated response flexibility after changes in the action-outcome contingency.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Peak
- Decision Neuroscience Lab, School of Psychology, UNSW SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Billy Chieng
- Decision Neuroscience Lab, School of Psychology, UNSW SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Genevra Hart
- Decision Neuroscience Lab, School of Psychology, UNSW SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Bernard W Balleine
- Decision Neuroscience Lab, School of Psychology, UNSW SydneySydneyAustralia
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18
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Witzig VS, Komnig D, Falkenburger BH. Changes in Striatal Medium Spiny Neuron Morphology Resulting from Dopamine Depletion Are Reversible. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112441. [PMID: 33182316 PMCID: PMC7695336 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The classical motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are caused by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, which is followed by secondary dendritic pruning and spine loss at striatal medium spiny neurons (MSN). We hypothesize that these morphological changes at MSN underlie at least in part long-term motor complications in PD patients. In order to define the potential benefits and limitations of dopamine substitution, we tested in a mouse model whether dendritic pruning and spine loss can be reversible when dopaminergic axon terminals regenerate. In order to induce degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons we used the toxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in C57BL/6J mice; 30 mg/kg MPTP was applied i.p. on five consecutive days. In order to assess the consequences of dopamine depletion, mice were analyzed 21 days after the last injection. In order to test reversibility of MSN changes we exploited the property of this model that striatal axon terminals regenerate by sprouting within 90 days and analyzed a second cohort 90 days after MPTP. Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons was confirmed by counting TH-positive neurons in the substantia nigra and by analyzing striatal catecholamines. Striatal catecholamine recovered 90 days after MPTP. MSN morphology was visualized by Golgi staining and quantified as total dendritic length, number of dendritic branch points, and density of dendritic spines. All morphological parameters of striatal MSN were reduced 21 days after MPTP. Statistical analysis indicated that dendritic pruning and the reduction of spine density represent two distinct responses to dopamine depletion. Ninety days after MPTP, all morphological changes recovered. Our findings demonstrate that morphological changes in striatal MSN resulting from dopamine depletion are reversible. They suggest that under optimal conditions, symptomatic dopaminergic therapy might be able to prevent maladaptive plasticity and long-term motor complications in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Sofie Witzig
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (V.S.W.); (D.K.)
| | - Daniel Komnig
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (V.S.W.); (D.K.)
| | - Björn H. Falkenburger
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (V.S.W.); (D.K.)
- JARA-Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +49-351-458-2532; Fax: +49-351-458-4365
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19
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Dorst MC, Tokarska A, Zhou M, Lee K, Stagkourakis S, Broberger C, Masmanidis S, Silberberg G. Polysynaptic inhibition between striatal cholinergic interneurons shapes their network activity patterns in a dopamine-dependent manner. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5113. [PMID: 33037215 PMCID: PMC7547109 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18882-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Striatal activity is dynamically modulated by acetylcholine and dopamine, both of which are essential for basal ganglia function. Synchronized pauses in the activity of striatal cholinergic interneurons (ChINs) are correlated with elevated activity of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, whereas synchronous firing of ChINs induces local release of dopamine. The mechanisms underlying ChIN synchronization and its interplay with dopamine release are not fully understood. Here we show that polysynaptic inhibition between ChINs is a robust network motif and instrumental in shaping the network activity of ChINs. Action potentials in ChINs evoke large inhibitory responses in multiple neighboring ChINs, strong enough to suppress their tonic activity. Using a combination of optogenetics and chemogenetics we show the involvement of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase-expressing interneurons in mediating this inhibition. Inhibition between ChINs is attenuated by dopaminergic midbrain afferents acting presynaptically on D2 receptors. Our results present a novel form of interaction between striatal dopamine and acetylcholine dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs C Dorst
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Tokarska
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kwang Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Stefanos Stagkourakis
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering 156-29, Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Christian Broberger
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Sotiris Masmanidis
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Gilad Silberberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
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20
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Márton CD, Schultz SR, Averbeck BB. Learning to select actions shapes recurrent dynamics in the corticostriatal system. Neural Netw 2020; 132:375-393. [PMID: 32992244 PMCID: PMC7685243 DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Learning to select appropriate actions based on their values is fundamental to adaptive behavior. This form of learning is supported by fronto-striatal systems. The dorsal-lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and the dorsal striatum (dSTR), which are strongly interconnected, are key nodes in this circuitry. Substantial experimental evidence, including neurophysiological recordings, have shown that neurons in these structures represent key aspects of learning. The computational mechanisms that shape the neurophysiological responses, however, are not clear. To examine this, we developed a recurrent neural network (RNN) model of the dlPFC-dSTR circuit and trained it on an oculomotor sequence learning task. We compared the activity generated by the model to activity recorded from monkey dlPFC and dSTR in the same task. This network consisted of a striatal component which encoded action values, and a prefrontal component which selected appropriate actions. After training, this system was able to autonomously represent and update action values and select actions, thus being able to closely approximate the representational structure in corticostriatal recordings. We found that learning to select the correct actions drove action-sequence representations further apart in activity space, both in the model and in the neural data. The model revealed that learning proceeds by increasing the distance between sequence-specific representations. This makes it more likely that the model will select the appropriate action sequence as learning develops. Our model thus supports the hypothesis that learning in networks drives the neural representations of actions further apart, increasing the probability that the network generates correct actions as learning proceeds. Altogether, this study advances our understanding of how neural circuit dynamics are involved in neural computation, revealing how dynamics in the corticostriatal system support task learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian D Márton
- Centre for Neurotechnology & Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK; Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Section on Learning and Decision Making, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Simon R Schultz
- Centre for Neurotechnology & Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Bruno B Averbeck
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Section on Learning and Decision Making, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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21
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Jones-Tabah J, Mohammad H, Hadj-Youssef S, Kim LEH, Martin RD, Benaliouad F, Tanny JC, Clarke PBS, Hébert TE. Dopamine D1 receptor signalling in dyskinetic Parkinsonian rats revealed by fiber photometry using FRET-based biosensors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14426. [PMID: 32879346 PMCID: PMC7468292 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As with many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the signalling pathways regulated by the dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) are dynamic, cell type-specific, and can change in the face of disease or drug exposures. In striatal neurons, the D1R activates cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signalling. However, in Parkinson's disease (PD), alterations in this pathway lead to functional upregulation of extracellular regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), contributing to L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). In order to detect D1R activation in vivo and to study the progressive dysregulation of D1R signalling in PD and LID, we developed ratiometric fiber-photometry with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensors and optically detected PKA and ERK1/2 signalling in freely moving rats. We show that in Parkinsonian animals, D1R signalling through PKA and ERK1/2 is sensitized, but that following chronic treatment with L-DOPA, these pathways become partially desensitized while concurrently D1R activation leads to greater induction of dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jace Jones-Tabah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Room 1325, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Hanan Mohammad
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Room 1325, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Shadi Hadj-Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Room 1325, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Lucy E H Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Room 1325, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ryan D Martin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Room 1325, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Faïza Benaliouad
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Room 1325, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jason C Tanny
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Room 1325, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Paul B S Clarke
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Room 1325, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Terence E Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Room 1325, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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22
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Valsky D, Heiman Grosberg S, Israel Z, Boraud T, Bergman H, Deffains M. What is the true discharge rate and pattern of the striatal projection neurons in Parkinson's disease and Dystonia? eLife 2020; 9:e57445. [PMID: 32812870 PMCID: PMC7462612 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine and striatal dysfunctions play a key role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) and Dystonia, but our understanding of the changes in the discharge rate and pattern of striatal projection neurons (SPNs) remains limited. Here, we recorded and examined multi-unit signals from the striatum of PD and dystonic patients undergoing deep brain stimulation surgeries. Contrary to earlier human findings, we found no drastic changes in the spontaneous discharge of the well-isolated and stationary SPNs of the PD patients compared to the dystonic patients or to the normal levels of striatal activity reported in healthy animals. Moreover, cluster analysis using SPN discharge properties did not characterize two well-separated SPN subpopulations, indicating no SPN subpopulation-specific (D1 or D2 SPNs) discharge alterations in the pathological state. Our results imply that small to moderate changes in spontaneous SPN discharge related to PD and Dystonia are likely amplified by basal ganglia downstream structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Valsky
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel - Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical SchoolJerusalemIsrael
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew UniversityJerusalemIsrael
| | - Shai Heiman Grosberg
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel - Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical SchoolJerusalemIsrael
| | - Zvi Israel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah University HospitalJerusalemIsrael
| | - Thomas Boraud
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 5293, IMNBordeauxFrance
- CNRS, UMR 5293, IMNBordeauxFrance
- CHU de Bordeaux, IMN CliniqueBordeauxFrance
| | - Hagai Bergman
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel - Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical SchoolJerusalemIsrael
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew UniversityJerusalemIsrael
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah University HospitalJerusalemIsrael
| | - Marc Deffains
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 5293, IMNBordeauxFrance
- CNRS, UMR 5293, IMNBordeauxFrance
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23
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Magnusson JP, Zamboni M, Santopolo G, Mold JE, Barrientos-Somarribas M, Talavera-Lopez C, Andersson B, Frisén J. Activation of a neural stem cell transcriptional program in parenchymal astrocytes. eLife 2020; 9:e59733. [PMID: 32744501 PMCID: PMC7440914 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neural stem cells, located in discrete brain regions, generate new neurons throughout life. These stem cells are specialized astrocytes, but astrocytes in other brain regions do not generate neurons under physiological conditions. After stroke, however, striatal astrocytes undergo neurogenesis in mice, triggered by decreased Notch signaling. We used single-cell RNA sequencing to characterize neurogenesis by Notch-depleted striatal astrocytes in vivo. Striatal astrocytes were located upstream of neural stem cells in the neuronal lineage. As astrocytes initiated neurogenesis, they became transcriptionally very similar to subventricular zone stem cells, progressing through a near-identical neurogenic program. Surprisingly, in the non-neurogenic cortex, Notch-depleted astrocytes also initiated neurogenesis. Yet, these cortical astrocytes, and many striatal ones, stalled before entering transit-amplifying divisions. Infusion of epidermal growth factor enabled stalled striatal astrocytes to resume neurogenesis. We conclude that parenchymal astrocytes are latent neural stem cells and that targeted interventions can guide them through their neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens P Magnusson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Margherita Zamboni
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Giuseppe Santopolo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Jeff E Mold
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | | | | | - Björn Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Jonas Frisén
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
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24
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Warren EB, Bryan MR, Morcillo P, Hardeman KN, Aschner M, Bowman AB. Manganese-induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction Is Not Detectable at Exposures Below the Acute Cytotoxic Threshold in Neuronal Cell Types. Toxicol Sci 2020; 176:446-459. [PMID: 32492146 PMCID: PMC7416316 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal, but excessive exposures have been well-documented to culminate in neurotoxicity. Curiously, the precise mechanisms of Mn neurotoxicity are still unknown. One hypothesis suggests that Mn exerts its toxicity by inhibiting mitochondrial function, which then (if exposure levels are high and long enough) leads to cell death. Here, we used a Huntington's disease cell model with known differential sensitivities to manganese-STHdhQ7/Q7 and STHdhQ111/Q111 cells-to examine the effects of acute Mn exposure on mitochondrial function. We determined toxicity thresholds for each cell line using both changes in cell number and caspase-3/7 activation. We used a range of acute Mn exposures (0-300 µM), both above and below the cytotoxic threshold, to evaluate mitochondria-associated metabolic balance, mitochondrial respiration, and substrate dependence. In both cell lines, we observed no effect on markers of mitochondrial function at subtoxic Mn exposures (below detectable levels of cell death), yet at supratoxic exposures (above detectable levels of cell death) mitochondrial function significantly declined. We validated these findings in primary striatal neurons. In cell lines, we further observed that subtoxic Mn concentrations do not affect glycolytic function or major intracellular metabolite quantities. These data suggest that in this system, Mn exposure impairs mitochondrial function only at concentrations coincident with or above the initiation of cell death and is not consistent with the hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction precedes or induces Mn cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B Warren
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Miles R Bryan
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Patricia Morcillo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Keisha N Hardeman
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
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25
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Hjorth JJJ, Kozlov A, Carannante I, Frost Nylén J, Lindroos R, Johansson Y, Tokarska A, Dorst MC, Suryanarayana SM, Silberberg G, Hellgren Kotaleski J, Grillner S. The microcircuits of striatum in silico. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:9554-9565. [PMID: 32321828 PMCID: PMC7197017 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000671117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal ganglia play an important role in decision making and selection of action primarily based on input from cortex, thalamus, and the dopamine system. Their main input structure, striatum, is central to this process. It consists of two types of projection neurons, together representing 95% of the neurons, and 5% of interneurons, among which are the cholinergic, fast-spiking, and low threshold-spiking subtypes. The membrane properties, soma-dendritic shape, and intrastriatal and extrastriatal synaptic interactions of these neurons are quite well described in the mouse, and therefore they can be simulated in sufficient detail to capture their intrinsic properties, as well as the connectivity. We focus on simulation at the striatal cellular/microcircuit level, in which the molecular/subcellular and systems levels meet. We present a nearly full-scale model of the mouse striatum using available data on synaptic connectivity, cellular morphology, and electrophysiological properties to create a microcircuit mimicking the real network. A striatal volume is populated with reconstructed neuronal morphologies with appropriate cell densities, and then we connect neurons together based on appositions between neurites as possible synapses and constrain them further with available connectivity data. Moreover, we simulate a subset of the striatum involving 10,000 neurons, with input from cortex, thalamus, and the dopamine system, as a proof of principle. Simulation at this biological scale should serve as an invaluable tool to understand the mode of operation of this complex structure. This platform will be updated with new data and expanded to simulate the entire striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Johannes Hjorth
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Electrical Engeneering and Computer Science, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Kozlov
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Electrical Engeneering and Computer Science, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165 Stockholm
| | - Ilaria Carannante
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Electrical Engeneering and Computer Science, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Robert Lindroos
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165 Stockholm
| | - Yvonne Johansson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165 Stockholm
| | - Anna Tokarska
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165 Stockholm
| | - Matthijs C Dorst
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165 Stockholm
| | | | - Gilad Silberberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165 Stockholm
| | - Jeanette Hellgren Kotaleski
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Electrical Engeneering and Computer Science, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165 Stockholm
| | - Sten Grillner
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165 Stockholm
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26
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Fagan RR, Kearney PJ, Sweeney CG, Luethi D, Schoot Uiterkamp FE, Schicker K, Alejandro BS, O'Connor LC, Sitte HH, Melikian HE. Dopamine transporter trafficking and Rit2 GTPase: Mechanism of action and in vivo impact. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5229-5244. [PMID: 32132171 PMCID: PMC7170531 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Following its evoked release, dopamine (DA) signaling is rapidly terminated by presynaptic reuptake, mediated by the cocaine-sensitive DA transporter (DAT). DAT surface availability is dynamically regulated by endocytic trafficking, and direct protein kinase C (PKC) activation acutely diminishes DAT surface expression by accelerating DAT internalization. Previous cell line studies demonstrated that PKC-stimulated DAT endocytosis requires both Ack1 inactivation, which releases a DAT-specific endocytic brake, and the neuronal GTPase, Rit2, which binds DAT. However, it is unknown whether Rit2 is required for PKC-stimulated DAT endocytosis in DAergic terminals or whether there are region- and/or sex-dependent differences in PKC-stimulated DAT trafficking. Moreover, the mechanisms by which Rit2 controls PKC-stimulated DAT endocytosis are unknown. Here, we directly examined these important questions. Ex vivo studies revealed that PKC activation acutely decreased DAT surface expression selectively in ventral, but not dorsal, striatum. AAV-mediated, conditional Rit2 knockdown in DAergic neurons impacted baseline DAT surface:intracellular distribution in DAergic terminals from female ventral, but not dorsal, striatum. Further, Rit2 was required for PKC-stimulated DAT internalization in both male and female ventral striatum. FRET and surface pulldown studies in cell lines revealed that PKC activation drives DAT-Rit2 surface dissociation and that the DAT N terminus is required for both PKC-mediated DAT-Rit2 dissociation and DAT internalization. Finally, we found that Rit2 and Ack1 independently converge on DAT to facilitate PKC-stimulated DAT endocytosis. Together, our data provide greater insight into mechanisms that mediate PKC-regulated DAT internalization and reveal unexpected region-specific differences in PKC-stimulated DAT trafficking in bona fide DAergic terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita R Fagan
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Patrick J Kearney
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Carolyn G Sweeney
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Dino Luethi
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Florianne E Schoot Uiterkamp
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Klaus Schicker
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Brian S Alejandro
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Lauren C O'Connor
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Harald H Sitte
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Haley E Melikian
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605.
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27
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Besusso D, Schellino R, Boido M, Belloli S, Parolisi R, Conforti P, Faedo A, Cernigoj M, Campus I, Laporta A, Bocchi VD, Murtaj V, Parmar M, Spaiardi P, Talpo F, Maniezzi C, Toselli MG, Biella G, Moresco RM, Vercelli A, Buffo A, Cattaneo E. Stem Cell-Derived Human Striatal Progenitors Innervate Striatal Targets and Alleviate Sensorimotor Deficit in a Rat Model of Huntington Disease. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:876-891. [PMID: 32302555 PMCID: PMC7220987 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is an inherited late-onset neurological disorder characterized by progressive neuronal loss and disruption of cortical and basal ganglia circuits. Cell replacement using human embryonic stem cells may offer the opportunity to repair the damaged circuits and significantly ameliorate disease conditions. Here, we showed that in-vitro-differentiated human striatal progenitors undergo maturation and integrate into host circuits upon intra-striatal transplantation in a rat model of HD. By combining graft-specific immunohistochemistry, rabies virus-mediated synaptic tracing, and ex vivo electrophysiology, we showed that grafts can extend projections to the appropriate target structures, including the globus pallidus, the subthalamic nucleus, and the substantia nigra, and receive synaptic contact from both host and graft cells with 6.6 ± 1.6 inputs cell per transplanted neuron. We have also shown that transplants elicited a significant improvement in sensory-motor tasks up to 2 months post-transplant further supporting the therapeutic potential of this approach. hESC-derived striatal progenitors give rise to MSNs in a neurotoxin model of HD Donor transplants extend projections to appropriate striatal target regions Grafted cells establish synaptic contact with both donor and resident cells Transplanted animals show improvements in HD-related sensorimotor responses
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Besusso
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20133 Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, 20122 Italy.
| | - Roberta Schellino
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin 10124, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043 Italy
| | - Marina Boido
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin 10124, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043 Italy
| | - Sara Belloli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology of CNR, Segrate, Milan, 20090 Italy; PET and Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Roberta Parolisi
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin 10124, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043 Italy
| | - Paola Conforti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20133 Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, 20122 Italy
| | - Andrea Faedo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20133 Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, 20122 Italy
| | - Manuel Cernigoj
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20133 Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, 20122 Italy
| | - Ilaria Campus
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20133 Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, 20122 Italy
| | - Angela Laporta
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20133 Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, 20122 Italy
| | - Vittoria Dickinson Bocchi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20133 Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, 20122 Italy
| | - Valentina Murtaj
- PET and Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy; PhD Program in Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza MB, 20900 Italy
| | - Malin Parmar
- Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Paolo Spaiardi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100 Italy
| | - Francesca Talpo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100 Italy
| | - Claudia Maniezzi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100 Italy
| | | | - Gerardo Biella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100 Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology of CNR, Segrate, Milan, 20090 Italy; PET and Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza MB, 20900 Italy
| | - Alessandro Vercelli
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin 10124, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043 Italy
| | - Annalisa Buffo
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin 10124, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043 Italy.
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20133 Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, 20122 Italy.
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28
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Sukhinich KK, Namestnikova DD, Gubskii IL, Gabashvili AN, Mel'nikov PA, Vitushev EY, Vishnevskii DA, Revkova VA, Solov'eva AA, Voitkovskaya KS, Vakhrushev IV, Burunova VV, Berdalin AB, Aleksandrova MA, Chekhonin VP, Gubskii LV, Yarygin KN. Distribution and Migration of Human Placental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in the Brain of Healthy Rats after Stereotaxic or Intra-Arterial Transplantation. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 168:542-551. [PMID: 32157512 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-04750-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human placenta mesenchymal stromal cells were injected to healthy rats either stereotaxically into the striatum or intra-arterially through the internal carotid artery. Some cells injected into the brain migrated along the corpus callosum both medially and laterally or concentrated around small blood vessels. A small fraction of MSC injected intra-arterially adhered to the endothelium and stayed inside blood vessels for up to 48 hours mostly in the basin of the middle cerebral artery. Neither stereotaxic, nor intra-arterial transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells modulated the proliferation of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone of the brain, but stereotaxic transplantation suppressed activation of their proliferation in response to traumatization with the needle.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Sukhinich
- N. K. Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - D D Namestnikova
- N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - I L Gubskii
- Federal Center of Cerebrovascular Pathology and Stroke, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A N Gabashvili
- N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - P A Mel'nikov
- V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Ya Vitushev
- N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - D A Vishnevskii
- N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - V A Revkova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Solov'eva
- N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Center of Cerebrovascular Pathology and Stroke, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - K S Voitkovskaya
- N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - I V Vakhrushev
- V. N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Burunova
- V. N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - A B Berdalin
- Federal Center of Cerebrovascular Pathology and Stroke, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Aleksandrova
- N. K. Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - V P Chekhonin
- N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - L V Gubskii
- N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Center of Cerebrovascular Pathology and Stroke, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - K N Yarygin
- V. N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Miyamoto Y, Nagayoshi I, Nishi A, Fukuda T. Three divisions of the mouse caudal striatum differ in the proportions of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor-expressing cells, distribution of dopaminergic axons, and composition of cholinergic and GABAergic interneurons. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:2703-2716. [PMID: 31375982 PMCID: PMC6778543 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01928-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The greater part of the striatum is composed of striosomes and matrix compartments, but we recently demonstrated the presence of a region that has a distinct structural organization in the ventral half of the mouse caudal striatum (Miyamoto et al. in Brain Struct Funct 223:4275-4291, 2018). This region, termed the tri-laminar part based upon its differential immunoreactivities for substance P and enkephalin, consists of medial, intermediate, and lateral divisions. In this study, we quantitatively analyzed the distributions of both projection neurons and interneurons in each division using immunohistochemistry. Two types of projection neurons expressing either the dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) or D2 receptor (D2R) showed complementary distributions throughout the tri-laminar part, but the proportions significantly differed among the three divisions. The proportion of D1R-expressing neurons in the medial, intermediate, and lateral divisions was 88.6 ± 8.2% (651 cells from 3 mice), 14.7 ± 3.8% (1025 cells), and 49.3 ± 4.5% (873 cells), respectively. The intermediate division was further characterized by poor innervation of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive axons. The numerical density of choline acetyltransferase immunoreactive neurons differed among the three divisions following the order from the medial to lateral divisions. In contrast, PV-positive somata were distributed throughout all three divisions at a constant density. Two types of GABAergic interneurons labeled for nitric oxide synthase and calretinin showed the highest cell density in the medial division. The present results characterize the three divisions of the mouse caudal striatum as distinct structures, which will facilitate studies of novel functional loops in the basal ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Miyamoto
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Issei Nagayoshi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Akinori Nishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takaichi Fukuda
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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30
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Abstract
A key assumption of optogenetics is that light only affects opsin-expressing neurons. However, illumination invariably heats tissue, and many physiological processes are temperature-sensitive. Commonly used illumination protocols increased the temperature by 0.2-2 °C and suppressed spiking in multiple brain regions. In the striatum, light delivery activated an inwardly rectifying potassium conductance and biased rotational behavior. Thus, careful consideration of light-delivery parameters is required, as even modest intracranial heating can confound interpretation of optogenetic experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Max H Liu
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anatol C Kreitzer
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Physiology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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31
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Mercatelli D, Bolognesi P, Frassineti M, Pisanò CA, Longo F, Shimshek DR, Morari M. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) inhibitors differentially modulate glutamate release and Serine935 LRRK2 phosphorylation in striatal and cerebrocortical synaptosomes. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2019; 7:e00484. [PMID: 31149340 PMCID: PMC6536420 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene have been pathogenically linked to Parkinson's disease, and pharmacological inhibition of LRRK2 is being pursued to tackle nigro-striatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration. However, LRRK2 kinase inhibitors may have manifold actions, affecting not only pathological mechanisms in dopaminergic neurons but also physiological functions in nondopaminergic neurons. Therefore, we investigated whether LRRK2 kinase inhibitors differentially modulate dopamine and glutamate release from the mouse striatum and cerebral cortex. Spontaneous and KCl-evoked [3H]-dopamine and glutamate release from superfused synaptosomes obtained from wild-type and LRRK2 knock-out, kinase-dead or G2019S knock-in mice was measured. Two structurally unrelated inhibitors, LRRK2-IN-1 and GSK2578215A, were tested. LRRK2, phosphoSerine1292 and phosphoSerine935 LRRK2 levels were measured in all genotypes, and target engagement was evaluated by monitoring phosphoSerine935 LRRK2. LRRK2-IN-1 inhibited striatal glutamate but not dopamine release; GSK2578215A inhibited striatal dopamine and cortical glutamate but enhanced striatal glutamate release. LRRK2-IN-1 reduced striatal and cortical phosphoSerine935 levels whereas GSK2578215A inhibited only the former. Neither LRRK2 inhibitor affected neurotransmitter release in LRRK2 knock-out and kinase-dead mice; however, they facilitated dopamine without affecting striatal glutamate in G2019S knock-in mice. GSK2578215A inhibited cortical glutamate release in G2019S knock-in mice. We conclude that LRRK2-IN-1 and GSK2578215A modulate exocytosis by blocking LRRK2 kinase activity, although their effects vary depending on the nerve terminal examined. The G2019S mutation unravels a dopamine-promoting action of LRRK2 inhibitors while blunting their effects on glutamate release, which highlights their positive potential for the treatment of PD, especially of LRRK2 mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mercatelli
- Department of Medical SciencesSection of PharmacologyUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
- Neuroscience Center and National Institute of NeuroscienceUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Paolo Bolognesi
- Department of Medical SciencesSection of PharmacologyUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
- Neuroscience Center and National Institute of NeuroscienceUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Martina Frassineti
- Department of Medical SciencesSection of PharmacologyUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
- Neuroscience Center and National Institute of NeuroscienceUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Clarissa A. Pisanò
- Department of Medical SciencesSection of PharmacologyUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
- Neuroscience Center and National Institute of NeuroscienceUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Francesco Longo
- Department of Medical SciencesSection of PharmacologyUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
- Neuroscience Center and National Institute of NeuroscienceUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
- Present address:
Center for Neural ScienceNew York University4 Washington PlaceNew YorkNY10003USA
| | - Derya R. Shimshek
- Department of NeuroscienceNovartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Michele Morari
- Department of Medical SciencesSection of PharmacologyUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
- Neuroscience Center and National Institute of NeuroscienceUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
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Ochaba J, Fote G, Kachemov M, Thein S, Yeung SY, Lau AL, Hernandez S, Lim RG, Casale M, Neel MJ, Monuki ES, Reidling J, Housman DE, Thompson LM, Steffan JS. IKKβ slows Huntington's disease progression in R6/1 mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:10952-10961. [PMID: 31088970 PMCID: PMC6561205 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1814246116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an important contributor to neuronal pathology and death in neurodegenerative diseases and neuronal injury. Therapeutic interventions blocking the activity of the inflammatory kinase IKKβ, a key regulator of neuroinflammatory pathways, is protective in several animal models of neurodegenerative disease and neuronal injury. In Huntington's disease (HD), however, significant questions exist as to the impact of blocking or diminishing the activity of IKKβ on HD pathology given its potential role in Huntingtin (HTT) degradation. In cell culture, IKKβ phosphorylates HTT serine (S) 13 and activates HTT degradation, a process that becomes impaired with polyQ expansion. To investigate the in vivo relationship of IKKβ to HTT S13 phosphorylation and HD progression, we crossed conditional tamoxifen-inducible IKKβ knockout mice with R6/1 HD mice. Behavioral assays in these mice showed a significant worsening of HD pathological phenotypes. The increased behavioral pathology correlated with reduced levels of endogenous mouse full-length phospho-S13 HTT, supporting the importance of IKKβ in the phosphorylation of HTT S13 in vivo. Notably, many striatal autophagy genes were up-regulated in HD vs. control mice; however, IKKβ knockout partially reduced this up-regulation in HD, increased striatal neurodegeneration, and enhanced an activated microglial response. We propose that IKKβ is protective in striatal neurons early in HD progression via phosphorylation of HTT S13. As IKKβ is also required for up-regulation of some autophagy genes and HTT is a scaffold for selective autophagy, IKKβ may influence autophagy through multiple mechanisms to maintain healthy striatal function, thereby reducing neuronal degeneration to slow HD onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ochaba
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Gianna Fote
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Marketta Kachemov
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Soe Thein
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Sylvia Y Yeung
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Alice L Lau
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Sarah Hernandez
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Ryan G Lim
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Malcolm Casale
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Michael J Neel
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Edwin S Monuki
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Jack Reidling
- Institute of Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - David E Housman
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Leslie M Thompson
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Institute of Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Joan S Steffan
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697;
- Institute of Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
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Abstract
The striatum is predominantly composed of medium spiny projection neurons, with the remaining neurons consisting of several types of interneurons. Among the interneurons are a group of cells that express tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Although the intrinsic electrical properties of these TH-expressing interneurons have been characterized, there is no agreement on the number of TH-expressing cell types and their electrical properties. Here, we have used transgenic mice in which YFP-tagged channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) was expressed in potential TH-expressing cells in a Cre-dependent manner. We found that the YFP+ neurons in the striatum were heterogeneous in their intrinsic electrical properties; unbiased clustering indicated that there are three main neuronal subtypes. One population of neurons had aspiny dendrites with high-frequency action potential (AP) firing and plateau potentials, resembling the TH interneurons (THIN) described previously. A second, very small population of labeled neurons resembled medium-sized spiny neurons (MSN). The third population of neurons had dendrites with an intermediate density of spines, showed substantial AP adaptation and generated prolonged spikes. This type of striatal neuron has not been previously identified in the adult mouse and we have named it the Frequency-Adapting Neuron with Spines (FANS). Because of their distinctive properties, FANS may play a unique role in striatal information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Mao
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aditya Nair
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
- Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency of Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - George J. Augustine
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
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Guo L, Weems JT, Walker WI, Levichev A, Jaramillo S. Choice-Selective Neurons in the Auditory Cortex and in Its Striatal Target Encode Reward Expectation. J Neurosci 2019; 39:3687-3697. [PMID: 30837264 PMCID: PMC6510333 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2585-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Learned behavioral responses to sounds depend largely on the expected outcomes associated with each potential choice. Where and how the nervous system integrates expectations about reward with auditory sensory information to drive appropriate decisions is not fully understood. Using a two-alternative choice task in which the expected reward associated with each sound varied over time, we investigated potential sites along the corticostriatal pathway for the integration of sound signals, behavioral choice, and reward information in male mice. We found that auditory cortical neurons encode not only sound identity, but also the animal's choice and the expected size of reward. This influence of reward expectation on sound- and choice-related activity was further enhanced in the major striatal target of the auditory cortex: the posterior tail of the dorsal striatum. These results indicate that choice-specific information is integrated with reward signals throughout the corticostriatal pathway, potentially contributing to adaptation in sound-driven behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Learning and maintenance of sensory-motor associations require that neural circuits keep track of sensory stimuli, choices, and outcomes. It is not clear at what stages along the auditory sensorimotor pathway these signals are integrated to influence future behavior in response to sounds. Our results show that the activity of auditory cortical neurons and of their striatal targets encodes the animals' choices and expectation of reward, in addition to stimulus identity. These results challenge previous views of the influence of motor signals on auditory circuits and identifies potential loci for integration of task-related information necessary for updating auditory decisions in changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Guo
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403
| | - Jardon T Weems
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403
| | - William I Walker
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403
| | - Anastasia Levichev
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403
| | - Santiago Jaramillo
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403
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Chandravanshi LP, Gupta R, Shukla RK. Arsenic-Induced Neurotoxicity by Dysfunctioning Cholinergic and Dopaminergic System in Brain of Developing Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 189:118-133. [PMID: 30051311 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1452-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to arsenic via drinking water throughout the globe is assumed to cause a developmental neurotoxicity. Here, we investigated the effect of perinatal arsenic exposure on the neurobehavioral and neurochemical changes in the corpus striatum, frontal cortex, and hippocampus that is critically involved in motor and cognition functions. In continuation of previous studies, this study demonstrates that perinatal exposures (GD6-PD21) to arsenic (2 or 4 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) cause hypo-activity in arsenic-exposed rats on PD22. The hypo-activity was found to be linked with a decrease in the mRNA and protein expression of the DA-D2 receptor. Further, a protein expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), levels of dopamine, and its metabolites were also significantly impaired in corpus striatum. The arsenic-exposed groups showed spatial learning and memory significantly below the average in a dose-dependent manner for the controls. Here, we evaluated the declined expression of CHRM2 receptor gene and protein expression of ChAT, PKCβ-1 in the frontal cortex and hippocampus, which are critically involved in cognition functions including learning and memory. A trend of recovery was found in the cholinergic and dopaminergic system of the brain, but changes remained persisted even after the withdrawal of arsenic exposure on PD45. Taken together, our results indicate that perinatal arsenic exposure appears to be critical and vulnerable as the development of cholinergic and dopaminergic system continues during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit P Chandravanshi
- Division of Forensic Science, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, 201307, India.
- Developmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box No. 80, MG Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India.
| | - Richa Gupta
- Developmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box No. 80, MG Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India
| | - Rajendra K Shukla
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
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Mehlman ML, Winter SS, Taube JS. Functional and anatomical relationships between the medial precentral cortex, dorsal striatum, and head direction cell circuitry. II. Neuroanatomical studies. J Neurophysiol 2019; 121:371-395. [PMID: 30427743 PMCID: PMC6397393 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00144.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An animal's directional heading within its environment is encoded by the activity of head direction (HD) cells. In rodents, these neurons are found primarily within the limbic system in the interconnected structures that form the limbic HD circuit. In our accompanying report in this issue, we describe two HD cell populations located outside of this circuit in the medial precentral cortex (PrCM) and dorsal striatum (DS). These extralimbic areas receive their HD signals from the limbic system but do not provide critical input or feedback to limbic HD cells (Mehlman ML, Winter SS, Valerio S, Taube JS. J Neurophysiol 121: 350-370, 2019.). In this report, we complement our previous lesion and recording experiments with a series of neuroanatomical tracing studies in rats designed to examine patterns of connectivity between the PrCM, DS, limbic HD circuit, and related spatial processing circuitry. Retrograde tracing revealed that the DS receives direct input from numerous structures known to contain HD cells and/or other spatially tuned cell types. Importantly, these projections preferentially target and converge within the most medial portion of the DS, the same area in which we previously recorded HD cells. The PrCM receives direct input from a subset of these spatial processing structures. Anterograde tracing identified indirect pathways that could permit the PrCM and DS to convey self-motion information to the limbic HD circuit. These tracing studies reveal the anatomical basis for the functional relationships observed in our lesion and recording experiments. Collectively, these findings expand our understanding of how spatial processing circuitry functionally and anatomically extends beyond the limbic system into the PrCM and DS. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Head direction (HD) cells are located primarily within the limbic system, but small populations of extralimbic HD cells are found in the medial precentral cortex (PrCM) and dorsal striatum (DS). The neuroanatomical tracing experiments reported here explored the pathways capable of transmitting the HD signal to these extralimbic areas. We found that projections arising from numerous spatial processing structures converge within portions of the PrCM and DS that contain HD cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max L Mehlman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College , Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Shawn S Winter
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College , Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Jeffrey S Taube
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College , Hanover, New Hampshire
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Aguinaga D, Medrano M, Cordomí A, Jiménez-Rosés M, Angelats E, Casanovas M, Vega-Quiroga I, Canela EI, Petrovic M, Gysling K, Pardo L, Franco R, Navarro G. Cocaine Blocks Effects of Hunger Hormone, Ghrelin, Via Interaction with Neuronal Sigma-1 Receptors. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:1196-1210. [PMID: 29876881 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite ancient knowledge on cocaine appetite-suppressant action, the molecular basis of such fact remains unknown. Addiction/eating disorders (e.g., binge eating, anorexia, bulimia) share a central control involving reward circuits. However, we here show that the sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) mediates cocaine anorectic effects by interacting in neurons with growth/hormone/secretagogue (ghrelin) receptors. Cocaine increases colocalization of σ1R and GHS-R1a at the cell surface. Moreover, in transfected HEK-293T and neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, and in primary neuronal cultures, pretreatment with cocaine or a σ1R agonist inhibited ghrelin-mediated signaling, in a similar manner as the GHS-R1a antagonist YIL-781. Results were similar in G protein-dependent (cAMP accumulation and calcium release) and in partly dependent or independent (ERK1/2 phosphorylation and label-free) assays. We provide solid evidence for direct interaction between receptors and the functional consequences, as well as a reliable structural model of the macromolecular σ1R-GHS-R1a complex, which arises as a key piece in the puzzle of the events linking cocaine consumption and appetitive/consummatory behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Aguinaga
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Medrano
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnau Cordomí
- Laboratori de Medicina Computacional, Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mireia Jiménez-Rosés
- Laboratori de Medicina Computacional, Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Edgar Angelats
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Casanovas
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Vega-Quiroga
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enric I Canela
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Milos Petrovic
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Katia Gysling
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Pardo
- Laboratori de Medicina Computacional, Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- School of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- School of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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Ebrahimi V, Aliaghaei A, Piryaei A, Haghir H, Abdollahifar MA, Sadeghi Y. Nigral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine induces changes in spatial arrangement of striatal neuron and glial cells. Front Biosci (Schol Ed) 2019; 11:1-8. [PMID: 30468632 DOI: 10.2741/s523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease, nigral dopamine neurons are lost and the structure of the striatum is progressively degraded. These events lead to a substantial neuronal loss in the striatum, changing spatial pattern of the neurons and glial cells, and associated cellular connections. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a new insight into whether the Parkinson's disease causes a change in the spatial arrangement of the neurons and glial cells in the striatum. Nigral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine led to a significant reduction in the total number of the neurons, an increase in the number of striatal glial cells, and disruption in the spatial arrangement of glial and neuronal cells in the Parkinson's disease-induced group, compared to the control group. The data support the idea that in Parkinson's disease, the function of the striatum is disturbed by both the loss of neurons and an increase in the number of glial cells, culminating in the disordered spatial distribution of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Ebrahimi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Aliaghaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Haghir
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Sadeghi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wang X, Qiao Y, Dai Z, Sui N, Shen F, Zhang J, Liang J. Medium spiny neurons of the anterior dorsomedial striatum mediate reversal learning in a cell-type-dependent manner. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 224:419-434. [PMID: 30367246 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The striatum has been implicated in the regulation of cognitive flexibility. Abnormalities in the anterior dorsomedial striatum (aDMS) are revealed in many mental disorders in which cognitive inflexibility is commonly observed. However, it remains poorly understood whether the aDMS plays a special role in flexible cognitive control and what the regulation pattern is in different neuronal populations. Based on the reversal learning task in mice, we showed that optogenetic activation in dopamine receptor 1-expressing medium spiny neurons (D1R-MSNs) of the aDMS impaired flexibility; meanwhile, suppressing these neurons facilitated behavioral performance. Conversely, D2R-MSN activation accelerated reversal learning, but it induced no change through neuronal suppression. The acquisition and retention of discrimination learning were unaffected by the manipulation of any type of MSN. Through bi-direct optogenetic modulation in D1R-MSNs of the same subject in a serial reversal learning task, we further revealed the function of D1R-MSNs during different stages of reversal learning, where inhibiting and exciting the same group of neurons reduced perseverative errors and increased regressive errors. Following D1R- and D2R-MSN activation in the aDMS, neuronal activity of the mediodorsal thalamus decreased and increased, respectively, in parallel with behavioral impairment and facilitation, but not as a direct result of the activation of the striatal MSNs. We propose that D1R- and D2R-MSN sub-populations in the aDMS exert opposing functions in cognitive flexibility regulation, with more important and complex roles of D1R-MSNs involved. Mental disorders with cognitive flexibility problems may feature an underlying functional imbalance in the aDMS' two types of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghua Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Sui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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40
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Menegas W, Akiti K, Amo R, Uchida N, Watabe-Uchida M. Dopamine neurons projecting to the posterior striatum reinforce avoidance of threatening stimuli. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:1421-1430. [PMID: 30177795 PMCID: PMC6160326 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Midbrain dopamine neurons are well known for their role in reward-based reinforcement learning. We found that the activity of dopamine axons in the posterior tail of the striatum (TS) scaled with the novelty and intensity of external stimuli, but did not encode reward value. We demonstrated that the ablation of TS-projecting dopamine neurons specifically inhibited avoidance of novel or high-intensity stimuli without affecting animals' initial avoidance responses, suggesting a role in reinforcement rather than simply in avoidance itself. Furthermore, we found that animals avoided optogenetic activation of dopamine axons in TS during a choice task and that this stimulation could partially reinstate avoidance of a familiar object. These results suggest that TS-projecting dopamine neurons reinforce avoidance of threatening stimuli. More generally, our results indicate that there are at least two axes of reinforcement learning using dopamine in the striatum: one based on value and one based on external threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Menegas
- Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Korleki Akiti
- Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryunosuke Amo
- Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Naoshige Uchida
- Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mitsuko Watabe-Uchida
- Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Shimony JS, Rutlin J, Karimi M, Tian L, Snyder AZ, Loftin SK, Norris SA, Perlmutter JS. Validation of diffusion tensor imaging measures of nigrostriatal neurons in macaques. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202201. [PMID: 30183721 PMCID: PMC6124722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Interpretation of diffusion MRI in the living brain requires validation against gold standard histological measures. We compared diffusion values of the nigrostriatal tract to PET and histological results in non-human primates (NHPs) with varying degrees of unilateral nigrostriatal injury induced by MPTP, a toxin selective for dopaminergic neurons. Methods Sixteen NHPs had MRI and PET scans of three different presynaptic radioligands and blinded video-based motor ratings before and after unilateral carotid artery infusion of variable doses of MPTP. Diffusion measures of connections between midbrain and striatum were calculated. Then animals were euthanized to quantify striatal dopamine concentration, stereologic measures of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunostained fiber density and unbiased stereologic counts of TH stained nigral cells. Results Diffusion measures correlated with MPTP dose, nigral TH-positive cell bodies and striatal TH-positive fiber density but did not correlate with in vitro nigrostriatal terminal field measures or in vivo PET measures of striatal uptake of presynaptic markers. Once nigral TH cell count loss exceeded 50% the stereologic terminal field measures reached a near zero floor effect but the diffusion measures continued to correlate with nigral cell counts. Conclusion Diffusion measures in the nigrostriatal tract correlate with nigral dopamine neurons and striatal fiber density, but have the same relationship to terminal field measures as a previous report of striatal PET measures of presynaptic neurons. These diffusion measures have the potential to act as non-invasive index of the severity of nigrostriatal injury. Diffusion imaging of the nigrostriatal tract could potentially have diagnostic value in humans with Parkinson disease or related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S. Shimony
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jerrel Rutlin
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Morvarid Karimi
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Linlin Tian
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Abraham Z. Snyder
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Susan K. Loftin
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Scott A. Norris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Joel S. Perlmutter
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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Kelly SM, Raudales R, He M, Lee JH, Kim Y, Gibb LG, Wu P, Matho K, Osten P, Graybiel AM, Huang ZJ. Radial Glial Lineage Progression and Differential Intermediate Progenitor Amplification Underlie Striatal Compartments and Circuit Organization. Neuron 2018; 99:345-361.e4. [PMID: 30017396 PMCID: PMC6094944 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The circuitry of the striatum is characterized by two organizational plans: the division into striosome and matrix compartments, thought to mediate evaluation and action, and the direct and indirect pathways, thought to promote or suppress behavior. The developmental origins of these organizations and their developmental relationships are unknown, leaving a conceptual gap in understanding the cortico-basal ganglia system. Through genetic fate mapping, we demonstrate that striosome-matrix compartmentalization arises from a lineage program embedded in lateral ganglionic eminence radial glial progenitors mediating neurogenesis through two distinct types of intermediate progenitors (IPs). The early phase of this program produces striosomal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) through fate-restricted apical IPs (aIPSs) with limited capacity; the late phase produces matrix SPNs through fate-restricted basal IPs (bIPMs) with expanded capacity. Notably, direct and indirect pathway SPNs arise within both aIPS and bIPM pools, suggesting that striosome-matrix architecture is the fundamental organizational plan of basal ganglia circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Kelly
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Program in Neuroscience and Medical Scientist Training Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA
| | - Ricardo Raudales
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA
| | - Miao He
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Jannifer H Lee
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yongsoo Kim
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Leif G Gibb
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Priscilla Wu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Katherine Matho
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Pavel Osten
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Ann M Graybiel
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Z Josh Huang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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43
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Tan LHR, Tan AJR, Ng YY, Chua JJE, Chew WS, Muralidharan S, Torta F, Dutta B, Sze SK, Herr DR, Ong WY. Enriched Expression of Neutral Sphingomyelinase 2 in the Striatum is Essential for Regulation of Lipid Raft Content and Motor Coordination. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:5741-5756. [PMID: 29043558 PMCID: PMC5994222 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelinases are a family of enzymes that hydrolyze sphingomyelin to generate phosphocholine and ceramide. The brain distribution and function of neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) were elucidated in this study. nSMase2 mRNA expression was greatest in the striatum, followed by the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, thalamus, brainstem, and olfactory bulb. The striatum had the highest level of nSMase2 protein expression, followed by the prefrontal cortex, thalamus, hippocampus, brainstem, and cerebellum. Dense immunolabeling was observed in the striatum, including the caudate-putamen, while moderately dense staining was found in the olfactory bulb and cerebral neocortex. Electron microscopy of the caudate-putamen showed nSMase2 immunoreaction product was present in small diameter dendrites or dendritic spines, that formed asymmetrical synapses with unlabeled axon terminals containing small round vesicles; and characteristics of glutamatergic axons. Lipidomic analysis of the striatum showed increase in long chain sphingomyelins, SM36:1 and SM38:1 after inhibition of nSMase activity. Quantitative proteomic analysis of striatal lipid raft fraction showed many proteins were downregulated by more than 2-fold after inhibition or antisense knockdown of nSMase; consistent with the notion that nSMase2 activity is important for aggregation or clustering of proteins in lipid rafts. Inhibition or antisense knockdown of nSMase2 in the caudate-putamen resulted in motor deficits in the rotarod and narrow beam tests; as well as decreased acoustic startle and improved prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex. Together, results indicate an important function of nSMase2 in the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hui-Ru Tan
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Angela Jin-Rong Tan
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Yu-Ying Ng
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - John Jia-En Chua
- Neurobiology and Ageing Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Wee-Siong Chew
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Sneha Muralidharan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Federico Torta
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Bamaprasad Dutta
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Deron R Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
- Neurobiology and Ageing Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
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44
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Stiles L, Reynolds JN, Napper R, Zheng Y, Smith PF. Single neuron activity and c-Fos expression in the rat striatum following electrical stimulation of the peripheral vestibular system. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13791. [PMID: 30003674 PMCID: PMC6043475 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Connections between the vestibular system and the basal ganglia have been postulated since the early 20th century. However, the results of electrophysiological studies investigating neuronal responses to electrical stimulation of the vestibular system have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of electrical stimulation of the vestibular labyrinth on single neuron activity and c-Fos expression in the rat striatum. We used electrical stimulation of the vestibular labyrinth (various intensities delivered to the round window) to examine the electrophysiological response of striatal neurons and c-Fos expression. From 507 single neurons recorded (n = 20 rats), no vestibular-responsive neuron was found at 1× and 2× the nystagmus threshold; however, 6 neurons were found at 3× the threshold. These neurons were found bilaterally, with a response latency of ~50 msec from the end of the stimulus. For the c-Fos study, the number of neurons expressing c-Fos was quantified using stereological methods. Stimulation at 2× the threshold for nystagmus (n = 5 rats) resulted in a significant decrease in the number of neurons expressing c-Fos in the bilateral striatum compared to both the sham control group (n = 5) and the lower stimulus intensity group (n = 5) (P ≤ 0.0001 for both). The results of this study demonstrate that: (1) some single striatal neurons respond to electrical vestibular stimulation, however, these responses are circumscribed and infrequent; (2) electrical stimulation of the vestibular labyrinth results in a decrease in the number of striatal neurons expressing c-Fos, in a current-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Stiles
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- Brain Health Research CentreUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - John N. Reynolds
- Department of AnatomySchool of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- Brain Health Research CentreUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand Centre of Research ExcellenceUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Ruth Napper
- Department of AnatomySchool of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- Brain Health Research CentreUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Yiwen Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- Brain Health Research CentreUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand Centre of Research ExcellenceUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Eisdell Moore Centre for Hearing and Balance ResearchUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Paul F. Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- Brain Health Research CentreUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand Centre of Research ExcellenceUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Eisdell Moore Centre for Hearing and Balance ResearchUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
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45
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Asokan MM, Williamson RS, Hancock KE, Polley DB. Sensory overamplification in layer 5 auditory corticofugal projection neurons following cochlear nerve synaptic damage. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2468. [PMID: 29941910 PMCID: PMC6018400 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04852-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Layer 5 (L5) cortical projection neurons innervate far-ranging brain areas to coordinate integrative sensory processing and adaptive behaviors. Here, we characterize a plasticity in L5 auditory cortex (ACtx) neurons that innervate the inferior colliculus (IC), thalamus, lateral amygdala and striatum. We track daily changes in sound processing using chronic widefield calcium imaging of L5 axon terminals on the dorsal cap of the IC in awake, adult mice. Sound level growth functions at the level of the auditory nerve and corticocollicular axon terminals are both strongly depressed hours after noise-induced damage of cochlear afferent synapses. Corticocollicular response gain rebounded above baseline levels by the following day and remained elevated for several weeks despite a persistent reduction in auditory nerve input. Sustained potentiation of excitatory ACtx projection neurons that innervate multiple limbic and subcortical auditory centers may underlie hyperexcitability and aberrant functional coupling of distributed brain networks in tinnitus and hyperacusis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi M Asokan
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Ross S Williamson
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Kenneth E Hancock
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Daniel B Polley
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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46
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Benoit A, Besnard S, Guillamin M, Philoxene B, Sola B, Le Gall A, Machado ML, Toulouse J, Hitier M, Smith PF. Differential regulation of NMDA receptor-expressing neurons in the rat hippocampus and striatum following bilateral vestibular loss demonstrated using flow cytometry. Neurosci Lett 2018; 683:43-47. [PMID: 29936267 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is substantial evidence that loss of vestibular function impairs spatial learning and memory related to hippocampal (HPC) function, as well as increasing evidence that striatal (Str) plasticity is also implicated. Since the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptor is considered essential to spatial memory, previous studies have investigated whether the expression of HPC NMDA receptors changes following vestibular loss; however, the results have been contradictory. Here we used a novel flow cytometric method to quantify the number of neurons expressing NMDA receptors in the HPC and Str following bilateral vestibular loss (BVL) in rats. At 7 and 30 days post-op., there was a significant increase in the number of HPC neurons expressing NMDA receptors in the BVL animals, compared to sham controls (P ≤ 0.004 and P ≤ 0.0001, respectively). By contrast, in the Str, at 7 days there was a significant reduction in the number of neurons expressing NMDA receptors in the BVL group (P ≤ 0.05); however, this difference had disappeared by 30 days post-op. These results suggest that BVL causes differential changes in the number of neurons expressing NMDA receptors in the HPC and Str, which may be related to its long-term impairment of spatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Benoit
- Normandie Univ, Inserm, CHU Caen, COMETE U1075, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Stephane Besnard
- Normandie Univ, Inserm, CHU Caen, COMETE U1075, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Maryline Guillamin
- Normandie Univ, Inserm, CHU Caen, COMETE U1075, 14000, Caen, France; University Normandie, IFR ICORE, Caen, 14032, France
| | - Bruno Philoxene
- Normandie Univ, Inserm, CHU Caen, COMETE U1075, 14000, Caen, France
| | | | - Anne Le Gall
- Normandie Univ, Inserm, CHU Caen, COMETE U1075, 14000, Caen, France
| | | | - Joseph Toulouse
- Normandie Univ, Inserm, CHU Caen, COMETE U1075, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Martin Hitier
- Normandie Univ, Inserm, CHU Caen, COMETE U1075, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Paul F Smith
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Brain Research New Zealand, Centre of Research Excellence, New Zealand; The Eisdell Moore Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
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47
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Zhang YF, Reynolds JNJ, Cragg SJ. Pauses in Cholinergic Interneuron Activity Are Driven by Excitatory Input and Delayed Rectification, with Dopamine Modulation. Neuron 2018; 98:918-925.e3. [PMID: 29754751 PMCID: PMC5993868 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) of the striatum pause their firing in response to salient stimuli and conditioned stimuli after learning. Several different mechanisms for pause generation have been proposed, but a unifying basis has not previously emerged. Here, using in vivo and ex vivo recordings in rat and mouse brain and a computational model, we show that ChI pauses are driven by withdrawal of excitatory inputs to striatum and result from a delayed rectifier potassium current (IKr) in concert with local neuromodulation. The IKr is sensitive to Kv7.2/7.3 blocker XE-991 and enables ChIs to report changes in input, to pause on excitatory input recession, and to scale pauses with input strength, in keeping with pause acquisition during learning. We also show that although dopamine can hyperpolarize ChIs directly, its augmentation of pauses is best explained by strengthening excitatory inputs. These findings provide a basis to understand pause generation in striatal ChIs. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Feng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; Department of Anatomy and the Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, NZ
| | - John N J Reynolds
- Department of Anatomy and the Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, NZ
| | - Stephanie J Cragg
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK.
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Lee NC, Weeda WD, Insel C, Somerville LH, Krabbendam L, Huizinga M. Neural substrates of the influence of emotional cues on cognitive control in risk-taking adolescents. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2018; 31:20-34. [PMID: 29729493 PMCID: PMC6969196 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a period characterised by increases in risk-taking. This behaviour has been associated with an imbalance in the integration of the networks involved in cognitive control and motivational processes. We examined whether the influence of emotional cues on cognitive control differs between adolescents who show high or low levels of risk-taking behaviour. Participants who scored especially high or low on a risky decision task were subsequently administered an emotional go/no-go fMRI task comprising angry, happy and calm faces. Both groups showed decreased cognitive control when confronted with appetitive and aversive emotional cues. Activation in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) increased in line with the cognitive control demands of the task. Though the risk taking groups did not differ in their behavioural performance, functional connectivity analyses revealed the dorsal striatum plays a more central role in the processing of cognitive control in high than low risk-takers. Overall, these findings suggest that variance in fronto-striatal circuitry may underlie individual differences in risk-taking behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki C Lee
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Education and Family Studies, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Wouter D Weeda
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine Insel
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, USA
| | - Leah H Somerville
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, USA
| | - Lydia Krabbendam
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte Huizinga
- Department of Education and Family Studies, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kim J, Lee S, Kang S, Jeon TI, Kang MJ, Lee TH, Kim YS, Kim KS, Im HI, Moon C. Regulator of G-Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Controls Morphine Reward by Glutamate Receptor Activation in the Nucleus Accumbens of Mouse Brain. Mol Cells 2018; 41:454-464. [PMID: 29754475 PMCID: PMC5974622 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk between G-protein signaling and glutamatergic transmission within the brain reward circuits is critical for long-term emotional effects (depression and anxiety), cravings, and negative withdrawal symptoms associated with opioid addiction. A previous study showed that Regulator of G-protein signaling 4 (RGS4) may be implicated in opiate action in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). However, the mechanism of the NAc-specific RGS4 actions that induce the behavioral responses to opiates remains largely unknown. The present study used a short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knock-down of RGS4 in the NAc of the mouse brain to investigate the relationship between the activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors and RGS4 in the NAc during morphine reward. Additionally, the shRNA-mediated RGS4 knock-down was implemented in NAc/striatal primary-cultured neurons to investigate the role that striatal neurons have in the morphine-induced activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors. The results of this study show that the NAc-specific knockdown of RGS4 significantly increased the behaviors associated with morphine and did so by phosphorylation of the GluR1 (Ser831) and NR2A (Tyr1325) glutamate receptors in the NAc. Furthermore, the knock-down of RGS4 enhanced the phosphorylation of the GluR1 and NR2A glutamate receptors in the primary NAc/striatal neurons during spontaneous morphine withdrawal. These findings show a novel molecular mechanism of RGS4 in glutamatergic transmission that underlies the negative symptoms associated with morphine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhwan Kim
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792,
Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine (BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Sueun Lee
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Sohi Kang
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Tae-Il Jeon
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Man-Jong Kang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine (BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Yong Sik Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Key-Sun Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792,
Korea
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792,
Korea
| | - Heh-In Im
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792,
Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792,
Korea
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792,
Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
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Marshall JJ, Xu J, Contractor A. Kainate Receptors Inhibit Glutamate Release Via Mobilization of Endocannabinoids in Striatal Direct Pathway Spiny Projection Neurons. J Neurosci 2018; 38:3901-3910. [PMID: 29540547 PMCID: PMC5907053 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1788-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Kainate receptors are members of the glutamate receptor family that function by both generating ionotropic currents through an integral ion channel pore and coupling to downstream metabotropic signaling pathways. They are highly expressed in the striatum, yet their roles in regulating striatal synapses are not known. Using mice of both sexes, we demonstrate that GluK2-containing kainate receptors expressed in direct pathway spiny projection neurons (dSPNs) inhibit glutamate release at corticostriatal synapses in the dorsolateral striatum. This inhibition requires postsynaptic kainate-receptor-mediated mobilization of a retrograde endocannabinoid (eCB) signal and activation of presynaptic CB1 receptors. This pathway can be activated during repetitive 25 Hz trains of synaptic stimulation, causing short-term depression of corticostriatal synapses. This is the first study to demonstrate a role for kainate receptors in regulating eCB-mediated plasticity at the corticostriatal synapse and demonstrates an important role for these receptors in regulating basal ganglia circuits.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The GRIK2 gene, encoding the GluK2 subunit of the kainate receptor, has been linked to several neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders including obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Perseverative behaviors associated with OCD are known to result from pathophysiological changes in the striatum and kainate receptor knock-out mice have striatal-dependent phenotypes. However, the role of kainate receptors in striatal synapses is not known. We demonstrate that GluK2-containing kainate receptors regulate corticostriatal synapses by mobilizing endocannabinoids from direct pathway spiny projection neurons. Synaptic activation of GluK2 receptors during trains of synaptic input causes short-term synaptic depression, demonstrating a novel role for these receptors in regulating striatal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Marshall
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611 and
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611 and
| | - Anis Contractor
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611 and
- Department of Neurobiology, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
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