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Liao RM, Pattij T. Neural basis of operant behaviors maintained on the differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL) schedule in rodents. Brain Res Bull 2022; 185:1-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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2
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Alaee E, Moazen P, Pattij T, Semnanian S, Azizi H. Prenatal exposure to morphine impairs attention and impulsivity in adult rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:2729-2741. [PMID: 34405254 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05888-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE An alarming number of neonates born with prenatal exposure to morphine has resulted from the opioid epidemic; however, the long-term effects of prenatal opioid exposure on offspring behavior remain relatively unknown. In this study, we evaluated whether prenatal exposure to the mu opioid receptor agonist, morphine, has enduring effects on cognitive functions in adult life. METHODS On embryonic days 11-18 (E11-E18), female pregnant rats were injected subcutaneously with either morphine or saline twice daily. Adult male offspring that was prenatally exposed to saline or morphine was trained in the 5-choice serial reaction time test (5-CSRTT) to test their cognitive abilities under baseline conditions. Next, these rats were treated with saline (1 ml/kg), naloxone (1 mg/kg), and acute morphine (1, 3, 5 mg/kg), subcutaneously, once daily and following drug challenges rats were tested in the 5-CSRTT. Meanwhile, behavioral performance on training days between opioid drug challenges were analyzed to monitor possible drug-induced shifts in baseline performance. As a final experiment in order to investigate subchronic exposure to morphine, rats were injected with 5 mg/kg morphine for 5 days and then naloxone in the last day of the experiment (day 6). RESULTS Firstly, during acquisition of a stable baseline in the training phase, rats prenatally exposed to morphine showed delayed learning of the task demands. Furthermore, under baseline responding the rats prenatally exposed to morphine showed declined inhibitory control demonstrated by increased impulsive and compulsive-like responding compared to rats prenatally exposed to saline. Moreover, acute and subchronic morphine challenges in the rats prenatally exposed to morphine caused a deficit in visuospatial attention in comparison with saline treatment as well as the rats prenatally exposed to saline. These effects were abolished by naloxone. CONCLUSION The current findings indicate a direct causal effect of prenatal morphine exposure on inhibitory control and task learning later in life, as well as deficits in attention following morphine exposure in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Alaee
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Moazen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tommy Pattij
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saeed Semnanian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Azizi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. .,Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Amalric M, Pattij T, Sotiropoulos I, Silva JM, Sousa N, Ztaou S, Chiamulera C, Wahlberg LU, Emerich DF, Paolone G. Where Dopaminergic and Cholinergic Systems Interact: A Gateway for Tuning Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:661973. [PMID: 34366802 PMCID: PMC8340002 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.661973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, many investigations into neurodegenerative diseases have focused on alterations in specific neuronal populations such as, for example, the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) and loss of cholinergic transmission in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it has become increasingly clear that mammalian brain activities, from executive and motor functioning to memory and emotional responses, are strictly regulated by the integrity of multiple interdependent neuronal circuits. Among subcortical structures, the dopaminergic nigrostriatal and mesolimbic pathways as well as cholinergic innervation from basal forebrain and brainstem, play pivotal roles in orchestrating cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms in PD and AD. Understanding the functional interactions of these circuits and the consequent neurological changes that occur during degeneration provides new opportunities to understand the fundamental inter-workings of the human brain as well as develop new potential treatments for patients with dysfunctional neuronal circuits. Here, excerpted from a session of the European Behavioral Pharmacology Society meeting (Braga, Portugal, August 2019), we provide an update on our recent work in behavioral and cellular neuroscience that primarily focuses on interactions between cholinergic and dopaminergic systems in PD models, as well as stress in AD. These brief discussions include descriptions of (1) striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs) and PD, (2) dopaminergic and cholinergic modulation of impulse control, and (3) the use of an implantable cell-based system for drug delivery directly the into brain and (4) the mechanisms through which day life stress, a risk factor for AD, damage protein and RNA homeostasis leading to AD neuronal malfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Amalric
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7291, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Aix-Marseille University (AMU), Marseille, France
| | - Tommy Pattij
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ioannis Sotiropoulos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana M. Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Samira Ztaou
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7291, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Aix-Marseille University (AMU), Marseille, France
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Cristiano Chiamulera
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Section of Pharmacology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanna Paolone
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Section of Pharmacology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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4
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de Kloet SF, Bruinsma B, Terra H, Heistek TS, Passchier EMJ, van den Berg AR, Luchicchi A, Min R, Pattij T, Mansvelder HD. Bi-directional regulation of cognitive control by distinct prefrontal cortical output neurons to thalamus and striatum. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1994. [PMID: 33790281 PMCID: PMC8012364 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) steers goal-directed actions and withholds inappropriate behavior. Dorsal and ventral mPFC (dmPFC/vmPFC) circuits have distinct roles in cognitive control, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we use neuroanatomical tracing techniques, in vitro electrophysiology, chemogenetics and fiber photometry in rats engaged in a 5-choice serial reaction time task to characterize dmPFC and vmPFC outputs to distinct thalamic and striatal subdomains. We identify four spatially segregated projection neuron populations in the mPFC. Using fiber photometry we show that these projections distinctly encode behavior. Postsynaptic striatal and thalamic neurons differentially process synaptic inputs from dmPFC and vmPFC, highlighting mechanisms that potentially amplify distinct pathways underlying cognitive control of behavior. Chemogenetic silencing of dmPFC and vmPFC projections to lateral and medial mediodorsal thalamus subregions oppositely regulate cognitive control. In addition, dmPFC neurons projecting to striatum and thalamus divergently regulate cognitive control. Collectively, we show that mPFC output pathways targeting anatomically and functionally distinct striatal and thalamic subregions encode bi-directional command of cognitive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybren F de Kloet
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Bastiaan Bruinsma
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huub Terra
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim S Heistek
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emma M J Passchier
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra R van den Berg
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Luchicchi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier Min
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tommy Pattij
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huibert D Mansvelder
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Luchicchi A, Pattij T, Viaña JNM, de Kloet S, Marchant N. Tracing goes viral: Viruses that introduce expression of fluorescent proteins in chemically-specific neurons. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 348:109004. [PMID: 33242528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.109004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the last century, there has been great progress in understanding how the brain works. In particular, the last two decades have been crucial in gaining more awareness over the complex functioning of neurotransmitter systems. The use of viral vectors in neuroscience has been pivotal for such development. Exploiting the properties of viral particles, modifying them according to the research needs, and making them target chemically-specific neurons, techniques such as optogenetics and chemogenetics have been developed, which could lead to a giant step toward gene therapy for brain disorders. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of some of the most widely used viral techniques in neuroscience. We will discuss advantages and disadvantages of these methods. In particular, attention is dedicated to the pivotal role played by the introduction of adeno-associated virus and the retrograde tracer canine-associated-2 Cre virus in order to achieve optimal visualization, and interrogation, of chemically-specific neuronal populations and their projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Luchicchi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1108, 1081HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Tommy Pattij
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1108, 1081HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John Noel M Viaña
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, ANU College of Science, The Australian National University, Linnaeus Way, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Sybren de Kloet
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nathan Marchant
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1108, 1081HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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6
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Pattij T, van Mourik Y, Diergaarde L, de Vries TJ. The role of impulsivity as predisposing behavioural trait in different aspects of alcohol self-administration in rats. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 212:107984. [PMID: 32371124 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic interventions to promote abstinence and prevent relapse in alcohol use disorder (AUD) are limitedly available. Therefore, targeting risk factors in the onset and maintenance of AUD could pose an interesting alternative treatment strategy. In this regard, over the last decade trait impulsivity has received considerable attention as such a risk factor predisposing substance dependence both in clinical populations and preclinical rodent studies. This study investigated whether different forms of impulsivity (action versus choice) predict distinct stages of instrumental alcohol self-administration, extinction and cue-induced relapse. METHODS Two cohorts of n = 48 rats each were trained in an operant tasks for either impulsive action or impulsive choice. Subsequently, high and low impulsive rats were then tested in an alcohol self-administration and relapse model and following this retested in the impulsivity tasks to evaluate possible changes in impulsivity levels. RESULTS The current data show that neither impulsive action, nor impulsive choice predict the extent to which rats consume alcohol and the extent to which rats are motivated to self-administer alcohol. Moreover, extinction of responding for alcohol and cue-induced relapse was not predicted by impulsivity. Interestingly, rats and most prominently low impulsive rats became more impulsive after the alcohol self-administration procedure. Although due to employed experimental design it is not clear whether this resulted from alcohol consumption or alcohol abstinence. CONCLUSION Together, these findings lend further support for the notion of a unidirectional relationship between self-administration of the depressant drug alcohol and impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Pattij
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, location VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Yvar van Mourik
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, location VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leontien Diergaarde
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, location VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Taco J de Vries
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, location VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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7
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Skóra MN, Pattij T, Beroun A, Kogias G, Mielenz D, de Vries T, Radwanska K, Müller CP. Personality driven alcohol and drug abuse: New mechanisms revealed. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 116:64-73. [PMID: 32565173 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
While the majority of the regular consumers of alcohol controls their consumption well over life span and even takes instrumentalization benefits from it, a minority, but yet high total number of users develops an alcohol addiction. It has long been known that particular personality types are more addiction prone than others. Here we review recent progress in the understanding of neurobiological pathways that determine personality and facilitate drug abuse. Novel approaches to characterize personality traits leading to addiction proneness in social settings in mice are discussed. A common genetic and neurobiological base for the behavioural traits of sensation seeking or a depressed phenotype and escalating alcohol consumption are reviewed. Furthermore, recent progress on how social and cognitive factors, including impulsivity and decision making, act at brain level to make an individual more vulnerable to alcohol abuse, are discussed. Altogether, this review provides an update on brain mechanisms underlying a broad spectrum of personality traits that make an individual more prone to alcohol and drug abuse and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nalberczak Skóra
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Behavior, Nencki Institute, ul. L. Pasteura 3, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Tommy Pattij
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Beroun
- BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Georgios Kogias
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Taco de Vries
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, CNCR, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kasia Radwanska
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Behavior, Nencki Institute, ul. L. Pasteura 3, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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8
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Abstract
Neuropharmacological interventions in preclinical translational models of impulsivity have tremendously contributed to a better understanding of the neurochemistry and neural basis of impulsive behaviour. In this regard, much progress has been made over the last years, also due to the introduction of novel techniques in behavioural neuroscience such as optogenetics and chemogenetics. In this chapter, we will provide an update of how the behavioural pharmacology field has progressed and built upon existing data since an earlier review we wrote in 2008. To this aim, we will first give a brief background on preclinical translational models of impulsivity. Next, recent interesting evidence of monoaminergic modulation of impulsivity will be highlighted with a focus on the neurotransmitters dopamine and noradrenaline. Finally, we will close the chapter by discussing some novel directions and drug leads in the neuropharmacological modulation of impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Pattij
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Louk J M J Vanderschuren
- Division of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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9
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Obermayer J, Luchicchi A, Heistek TS, de Kloet SF, Terra H, Bruinsma B, Mnie-Filali O, Kortleven C, Galakhova AA, Khalil AJ, Kroon T, Jonker AJ, de Haan R, van de Berg WDJ, Goriounova NA, de Kock CPJ, Pattij T, Mansvelder HD. Prefrontal cortical ChAT-VIP interneurons provide local excitation by cholinergic synaptic transmission and control attention. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5280. [PMID: 31754098 PMCID: PMC6872593 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neocortical choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-expressing interneurons are a subclass of vasoactive intestinal peptide (ChAT-VIP) neurons of which circuit and behavioural function are unknown. Here, we show that ChAT-VIP neurons directly excite neighbouring neurons in several layers through fast synaptic transmission of acetylcholine (ACh) in rodent medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Both interneurons in layers (L)1-3 as well as pyramidal neurons in L2/3 and L6 receive direct inputs from ChAT-VIP neurons mediated by fast cholinergic transmission. A fraction (10-20%) of postsynaptic neurons that received cholinergic input from ChAT-VIP interneurons also received GABAergic input from these neurons. In contrast to regular VIP interneurons, ChAT-VIP neurons did not disinhibit pyramidal neurons. Finally, we show that activity of these neurons is relevant for behaviour and they control attention behaviour distinctly from basal forebrain ACh inputs. Thus, ChAT-VIP neurons are a local source of cortical ACh that directly excite neurons throughout cortical layers and contribute to attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Obermayer
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Luchicchi
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Clinical Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands
| | - Tim S Heistek
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands
| | - Sybren F de Kloet
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands
| | - Huub Terra
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan Bruinsma
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands
| | - Ouissame Mnie-Filali
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Kortleven
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands
| | - Anna A Galakhova
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands
| | - Ayoub J Khalil
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Kroon
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands
- MRC Centre-Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Allert J Jonker
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands
| | - Roel de Haan
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma D J van de Berg
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands
| | - Natalia A Goriounova
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan P J de Kock
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands
| | - Tommy Pattij
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands.
| | - Huibert D Mansvelder
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands.
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10
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Kaag AM, Wiers RW, de Vries TJ, Pattij T, Goudriaan AE. Striatal alcohol cue-reactivity is stronger in male than female problem drinkers. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 50:2264-2273. [PMID: 29888821 PMCID: PMC6767856 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite apparent sex differences in the development and treatment of alcohol use disorder, relatively little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms. In this study, we therefore investigated neural cue-reactivity in a sample of male (n = 28) and female (n = 27) problem drinkers (matched on age and alcohol use severity) with an average alcohol use disorder identification test score of 12 which is indicative of a likely alcohol use disorder. Neural cue-reactivity data were extracted from four regions of interest: the ventral and dorsal striatum and the ventral and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. While the cue-reactivity paradigm induced similar levels of self-reported craving in men and women, visual alcohol cues induced significantly stronger striatal activation in men compared to drinkers. While sex differences in ventral striatal cue-reactivity were partly explained by sex differences in alcohol intake, cannabis use, negative affect and anxiety, this was not the case for sex differences in dorsal striatal cue-reactivity. These results suggest that alcohol cues are differentially processed by men and women and that the neurobiological mechanisms behind cue-reactivity differ between the sexes. Consequently, paradigms using alcohol-related pictures may not be optimal to induce cue-reactivity in female drinkers and may not be optimal to measure neurobiological markers of alcohol use severity and relapse. Future alcohol cue-reactivity studies should, in addition to including both men and women, include different types of cues (e.g., stressors and imagery in addition to pictures) to assess sex differences in alcohol cue-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marije Kaag
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reinout W Wiers
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Taco J de Vries
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tommy Pattij
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna E Goudriaan
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Arkin Mental Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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11
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Ferland JMN, Carr MR, Lee AM, Hoogeland ME, Winstanley CA, Pattij T. Examination of the effects of cannabinoid ligands on decision making in a rat gambling task. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 170:87-97. [PMID: 29787777 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although exposure to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is perceived to be relatively harmless, mounting evidence has begun to show that it is associated with a variety of cognitive deficits, including poor decision making. THC-induced impairments in decision making are thought to be the result of cannabinoid CB1 receptor activation, and although clinical literature suggests that chronic activation via THC contributes to perturbations in decision making, acute CB1 receptor modulation has yielded mixed results. Using an animal model to examine how CB1-specific ligands impact choice biases would provide significant insight as to how recruitment of the endocannabinoid system may influence decision making. Here, we used the rat gambling task (rGT), a validated analogue of the human Iowa Gambling Task, to assess baseline decision making preferences in male Wistar rats. After acquisition rGT performance was measured. Animals were challenged with the CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant, the partial agonist THC, and the synthetic agonist WIN55,212-2. Animals were also treated acutely with the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597 to selectively upregulate the endocannabinoid anandamide. Blockade of the CB1 receptor produced a trend improvement in decision making in animals who preferred the advantageous task options, yet left choice unaffected in risk-prone rats. Neither CB1 receptor agonist had strong effects on decision making, but a high dose THC decreased premature responses, whereas WIN55,212-2 did the opposite. URB597 did not affect task performance. These results indicate that although chronic CB1 receptor activation may be associated with impaired decision making, acute modulation has modest effects on choice and instead may play a substantive role in regulating impulsive responding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline-Marie N Ferland
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Madison R Carr
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angela M Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Myrthe E Hoogeland
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Catharine A Winstanley
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tommy Pattij
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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12
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Kaag AM, Goudriaan AE, De Vries TJ, Pattij T, Wiers RW. A high working memory load prior to memory retrieval reduces craving in non-treatment seeking problem drinkers. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:695-708. [PMID: 29181814 PMCID: PMC5847068 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4785-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reconsolidation-based interventions have been suggested to be a promising treatment strategy for substance use disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a working memory intervention to interfere with the reconsolidation of alcohol-related memories in a sample of non-treatment seeking heavy drinkers. METHODS Participants were randomized to one of the two conditions that underwent a 3-day intervention: in the experimental condition, a 30-min working memory training was performed immediately after a 15-min memory retrieval session (i.e., within the memory reconsolidation time-window), whereas in the control condition, the working memory training was performed prior to a memory retrieval session. RESULTS In contrast to our original hypothesis, a high working memory load after memory retrieval did not interfere with the reconsolidation of those memories while a high working memory load prior to memory retrieval (the original control condition) strongly reduced retrieval-induced craving and craving for alcohol at follow-up. CONCLUSION Whereas the neurocognitive mechanism behind this effect needs to be further investigated, the current findings suggest that, if replicated, working memory training prior to addiction-related memory retrieval has the potential to become an effective (adjunctive) intervention in the treatment of substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marije Kaag
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Lab, Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Anna E Goudriaan
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Arkin Mental Health Care & Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco J De Vries
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tommy Pattij
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reinout W Wiers
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Lab, Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Schippers MC, Gaastra M, Mesman T, Schetters D, van Mourik Y, Denys D, Pattij T, De Vries TJ. Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens core but not shell reduces motivational components of heroin taking and seeking in rats. Brain Neurosci Adv 2017; 1:2398212817711083. [PMID: 32166132 PMCID: PMC7058223 DOI: 10.1177/2398212817711083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Deep brain stimulation is explored as a new intervention for treatment-resistant substance use dependence. A candidate brain region is the nucleus accumbens, due to its involvement in reward and motivation. This study aimed to explore effects of NAcore and NAshell deep brain stimulation on aspects of heroin taking and seeking in a self-administration model for rats. Methods: NAcore and NAshell deep brain stimulation was applied during 25 or 100 µg/kg/infusion heroin self-administration on an FR4 schedule of reinforcement and during cue- and heroin-induced reinstatement. In a separate group, effects of NAcore deep brain stimulation on heroin self-administration on a progressive ratio schedule and the first extinction session were examined. Results: NAcore and NAshell deep brain stimulation did not alter heroin self-administration on an FR4 schedule. NAcore deep brain stimulation decreased cue – but not drug-induced reinstatement of heroin seeking, whereas NAshell deep brain stimulation did not affect reinstatement responding. In the second experiment, NAcore deep brain stimulation reduced responding during a progressive ratio schedule of heroin reinforcement. Finally, deep brain stimulation facilitated extinction from day 1 throughout the course of extinction learning. Conclusion: Taken together, the differential effects of NAcore and NAshell deep brain stimulation on heroin taking and seeking are in line with the distinct functional roles of these sub-regions therein. Conditioned cues have been shown to be very powerful stimuli for the persistence of addiction and relapse to drug use. Therefore, the present findings that NAcore deep brain stimulation decreases motivation for heroin taking and cue-conditioned behaviour and facilitates extinction learning are very promising, supporting the positive findings from clinical case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Schippers
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mathijs Gaastra
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja Mesman
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dustin Schetters
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvar van Mourik
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Damiaan Denys
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tommy Pattij
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco J De Vries
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Schippers MC, Bruinsma B, Gaastra M, Mesman TI, Denys D, De Vries TJ, Pattij T. Deep Brain Stimulation of the Nucleus Accumbens Core Affects Trait Impulsivity in a Baseline-Dependent Manner. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:52. [PMID: 28386221 PMCID: PMC5362621 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus accumbens (NA) is explored as a treatment for refractory psychiatric disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), depressive disorder (MDD), and substance use disorder (SUD). A common feature of some of these disorders is pathological impulsivity. Here, the effects of NAcore DBS on impulsive choice and impulsive action, two distinct forms of impulsive behavior, were investigated in translational animal tasks, the delayed reward task (DRT) and five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT), respectively. In both tasks, the effects of NAcore DBS were negatively correlated with baseline impulsive behavior, with more pronounced effects in the 5-CSRTT. To further examine the effects of DBS on trait impulsive action, rats were screened for high (HI) and low (LI) impulsive responding in the 5-CSRTT. NAcore DBS decreased impulsive, premature responding in HI rats under conventional conditions. However, upon challenged conditions to increase impulsive responding, NAcore DBS did not alter impulsivity. These results strongly suggest a baseline-dependent effect of DBS on impulsivity, which is in line with clinical observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Schippers
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan Bruinsma
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mathijs Gaastra
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tanja I Mesman
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Damiaan Denys
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Taco J De Vries
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tommy Pattij
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
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15
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Broos N, van Mourik Y, Schetters D, De Vries TJ, Pattij T. Dissociable effects of cocaine and yohimbine on impulsive action and relapse to cocaine seeking. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:3343-3351. [PMID: 28856391 PMCID: PMC5660838 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE A strong association has been demonstrated between various forms of impulsivity and addiction-like behavior in both humans and rats. OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigated how impulsive action, as measured in the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT), is affected during various stages of cocaine taking and seeking and by relapse-provoking stimuli in animals that were trained both in an intravenous cocaine self-administration paradigm and in the 5-CSRTT. METHODS Rats were concurrently trained in the 5-CSRTT and cocaine self-administration protocol, and subsequently, the effects of cocaine (7.5 mg/kg) and the pharmacological stressor yohimbine (1.25 mg/kg) were tested in both paradigms. RESULTS Cocaine self-administration (5 h/day) transiently altered impulsive action and increased errors of omission in the 5-CSRTT. Pharmacological challenges with cocaine and yohimbine induced increments in impulsive action and reinstated cocaine-seeking responses within the same animals. Further analyses revealed that the effects of cocaine and yohimbine on impulsive action did not correlate with their effects on reinstatement of cocaine seeking. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that although impulsive action and relapse can be pharmacologically modulated in the same direction within individuals, these effects appear not to be directly coupled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke Broos
- 0000 0004 0435 165Xgrid.16872.3aDepartment of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvar van Mourik
- 0000 0004 0435 165Xgrid.16872.3aDepartment of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dustin Schetters
- 0000 0004 0435 165Xgrid.16872.3aDepartment of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco J. De Vries
- 0000 0004 0435 165Xgrid.16872.3aDepartment of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tommy Pattij
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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16
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Luchicchi A, Mnie-Filali O, Terra H, Bruinsma B, de Kloet SF, Obermayer J, Heistek TS, de Haan R, de Kock CPJ, Deisseroth K, Pattij T, Mansvelder HD. Sustained Attentional States Require Distinct Temporal Involvement of the Dorsal and Ventral Medial Prefrontal Cortex. Front Neural Circuits 2016; 10:70. [PMID: 27630545 PMCID: PMC5005373 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2016.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Attending the sensory environment for cue detection is a cognitive operation that occurs on a time scale of seconds. The dorsal and ventral medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) contribute to separate aspects of attentional processing. Pyramidal neurons in different parts of the mPFC are active during cognitive behavior, yet whether this activity is causally underlying attentional processing is not known. We aimed to determine the precise temporal requirements for activation of the mPFC subregions during the seconds prior to cue detection. To test this, we used optogenetic silencing of dorsal or ventral mPFC pyramidal neurons at defined time windows during a sustained attentional state. We find that the requirement of ventral mPFC pyramidal neuron activity is strictly time-locked to stimulus detection. Inhibiting the ventral mPFC 2 s before or during cue presentation reduces response accuracy and hampers behavioral inhibition. The requirement for dorsal mPFC activity on the other hand is temporally more loosely related to a preparatory attentional state, and short lapses in pyramidal neuron activity in dorsal mPFC do not affect performance. This only occurs when the dorsal mPFC is inhibited during the entire preparatory period. Together, our results reveal that a dissociable temporal recruitment of ventral and dorsal mPFC is required during attentional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Luchicchi
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ouissame Mnie-Filali
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Huub Terra
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan Bruinsma
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sybren F de Kloet
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joshua Obermayer
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tim S Heistek
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roel de Haan
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christiaan P J de Kock
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tommy Pattij
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Huibert D Mansvelder
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
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17
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Loos M, Schetters D, Hoogeland M, Spijker S, de Vries TJ, Pattij T. Prefrontal cortical neuregulin-ErbB modulation of inhibitory control in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 781:157-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Figee M, Pattij T, Willuhn I, Luigjes J, van den Brink W, Goudriaan A, Potenza MN, Robbins TW, Denys D. Compulsivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder and addictions. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:856-68. [PMID: 26774279 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Compulsive behaviors are driven by repetitive urges and typically involve the experience of limited voluntary control over these urges, a diminished ability to delay or inhibit these behaviors, and a tendency to perform repetitive acts in a habitual or stereotyped manner. Compulsivity is not only a central characteristic of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) but is also crucial to addiction. Based on this analogy, OCD has been proposed to be part of the concept of behavioral addiction along with other non-drug-related disorders that share compulsivity, such as pathological gambling, skin-picking, trichotillomania and compulsive eating. In this review, we investigate the neurobiological overlap between compulsivity in substance-use disorders, OCD and behavioral addictions as a validation for the construct of compulsivity that could be adopted in the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). The reviewed data suggest that compulsivity in OCD and addictions is related to impaired reward and punishment processing with attenuated dopamine release in the ventral striatum, negative reinforcement in limbic systems, cognitive and behavioral inflexibility with diminished serotonergic prefrontal control, and habitual responding with imbalances between ventral and dorsal frontostriatal recruitment. Frontostriatal abnormalities of compulsivity are promising targets for neuromodulation and other interventions for OCD and addictions. We conclude that compulsivity encompasses many of the RDoC constructs in a trans-diagnostic fashion with a common brain circuit dysfunction that can help identifying appropriate prevention and treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Figee
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tommy Pattij
- Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingo Willuhn
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; The Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judy Luigjes
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim van den Brink
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke Goudriaan
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Damiaan Denys
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; The Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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19
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Schippers MC, Schetters D, De Vries TJ, Pattij T. Differential effects of the pharmacological stressor yohimbine on impulsive decision making and response inhibition. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:2775-85. [PMID: 27251129 PMCID: PMC4917594 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4337-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE High levels of impulsivity have been associated with psychiatric disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance abuse. In addition, acute stress is known to exacerbate many psychiatric symptoms in impulse control disorders. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the current study was to investigate the acute effects of the pharmacological stressor yohimbine on response inhibition and impulsive choice. METHODS A group of male rats (n = 12) was trained in the delayed reward task (DRT) to assess impulsive choice. A separate group (n = 10) was trained in the stop-signal task (SST) to measure response inhibition. Upon stable responding, the effects of yohimbine (0, 1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg i.p.) were tested in a Latin square design. RESULTS Acute yohimbine significantly increased the preference for the large and delayed reinforcer in the DRT, indicating a decrease in impulsive choice. On the contrary, the effect size of 1.25 mg/kg yohimbine on stop-signal reaction times correlated negatively with baseline performance, suggesting a baseline-dependent effect on response inhibition as measured in the SST. CONCLUSIONS The current data suggest that the effects of the pharmacological stressor yohimbine on impulse control strongly depend on the type of impulsive behavior. Pharmacological stress decreased impulsive decision making, an observation that is in line with previously published rodent studies. By contrast, the lowest dose of yohimbine revealed a baseline-dependent effect on response inhibition. As such, the effects of yohimbine are largely comparable to the effects of psychostimulants on impulsivity and may support the notion of cross sensitization of stress and psychostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Schippers
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D. Schetters
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T. J. De Vries
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T. Pattij
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Broos N, Loonstra R, van Mourik Y, Schetters D, Schoffelmeer ANM, Pattij T, De Vries TJ. Subchronic administration of atomoxetine causes an enduring reduction in context-induced relapse to cocaine seeking without affecting impulsive decision making. Addict Biol 2015; 20:714-23. [PMID: 25056833 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has established a robust relationship between impulsivity and addiction, and revealed that impulsive decision making predisposes the vulnerability to cocaine-seeking behavior in rats. An important next step is to assess whether elevated relapse vulnerability can be treated via the reduction of impulsive decision making. Therefore, this study explored whether subchronic atomoxetine treatment can reduce relapse vulnerability by reducing impulsive decision making. Rats were trained in the delayed reward task and were subjected to 3 weeks of cocaine self-administration. Following drug self-administration, animals were divided to different experimental groups and received the noradrenaline transporter inhibitor and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder drug atomoxetine or vehicle subchronically for 20 days. On days 1 and 10 after treatment cessation, a context-induced reinstatement test was performed. Throughout the entire experiment, changes in impulsive decision making were continuously monitored. Subchronic treatment with atomoxetine reduced context-induced reinstatement both 1 and 10 days after treatment cessation, only in animals receiving no extinction training. Interestingly, neither subchronic nor acute atomoxetine treatments affected impulsive decision making. Our data indicate that the enduring reduction in relapse sensitivity by atomoxetine occurred independent of a reduction in impulsive decision making. Nonetheless, repeated atomoxetine administration seems a promising pharmacotherapeutical strategy to prevent relapse to cocaine seeking in abstinent drug-dependent subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke Broos
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Rhianne Loonstra
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Yvar van Mourik
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Dustin Schetters
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Anton N. M. Schoffelmeer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Tommy Pattij
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Taco J. De Vries
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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21
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Pattij T, Schoffelmeer AN. Serotonin and inhibitory response control: Focusing on the role of 5-HT1A receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 753:140-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Irimia C, Wiskerke J, Natividad LA, Polis IY, de Vries TJ, Pattij T, Parsons LH. Increased impulsivity in rats as a result of repeated cycles of alcohol intoxication and abstinence. Addict Biol 2015; 20:263-74. [PMID: 24341858 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Impulsivity is a risk factor for alcoholism, and long-term alcohol exposure may further impair impulse control in a manner that propels problematic alcohol use. The present study employed the rat 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) to measure behavioral inhibition and attentional capacity during abstinence from repeated 5-day cycles of alcohol liquid diet consumption. Task performance was not disrupted following the first cycle of alcohol exposure; however, evidence of impaired behavioral inhibition emerged following the third cycle of alcohol exposure. In comparison with controls, alcoholic rats exhibited deficits in inhibitory control during cognitively challenging 5-CSRTT tests employing variable intertrial interval (varITI). This behavioral disruption was not present during early abstinence (3 days) but was evident by 7 days of abstinence and persisted for at least 34 days. Interestingly, renewed alcohol consumption ameliorated these disruptions in impulse control, although deficient behavioral inhibition re-emerged during subsequent abstinence. Indices of increased impulsivity were no longer present in tests conducted after 49 days of abstinence. Alcohol-related impairments in impulse control were not evident in sessions employing highly familiar task parameters regardless of the abstinence period, and control experiments confirmed that performance deficits during the challenge sessions were unlikely to result from alcohol-related disruption in the adaptation to repeated varITI testing. Together, the current findings demonstrate that chronic intermittent alcohol consumption results in decreased behavioral inhibition in rats that is temporally similar to clinical observations of disrupted impulsive control in abstinent alcoholics performing tasks of behavioral inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Irimia
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla CA USA
| | - Joost Wiskerke
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Luis A. Natividad
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla CA USA
| | - Ilham Y. Polis
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla CA USA
| | - Taco J. de Vries
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Tommy Pattij
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Loren H. Parsons
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla CA USA
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Schmaal L, Goudriaan AE, Joos L, Dom G, Pattij T, van den Brink W, Veltman DJ. Neural substrates of impulsive decision making modulated by modafinil in alcohol-dependent patients. Psychol Med 2014; 44:2787-2798. [PMID: 25066449 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291714000312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsive decision making is a hallmark of frequently occurring addiction disorders including alcohol dependence (AD). Therefore, ameliorating impulsive decision making is a promising target for the treatment of AD. Previous studies have shown that modafinil enhances cognitive control functions in various psychiatric disorders. However, the effects of modafinil on delay discounting and its underlying neural correlates have not been investigated as yet. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of modafinil on neural correlates of impulsive decision making in abstinent AD patients and healthy control (HC) subjects. METHOD A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subjects cross-over study using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was conducted in 14 AD patients and 16 HC subjects. All subjects participated in two fMRI sessions in which they either received a single dose of placebo or 200 mg of modafinil 2 h before the session. During fMRI, subjects completed a delay-discounting task to measure impulsive decision making. RESULTS Modafinil improved impulsive decision making in AD pateints, which was accompanied by enhanced recruitment of frontoparietal regions and reduced activation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Moreover, modafinil-induced enhancement of functional connectivity between the superior frontal gyrus and ventral striatum was specifically associated with improvement in impulsive decision making. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that modafinil can improve impulsive decision making in AD patients through an enhanced coupling of prefrontal control regions and brain regions coding the subjective value of rewards. Therefore, the current study supports the implementation of modafinil in future clinical trials for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Schmaal
- Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center,University of Amsterdam,Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - A E Goudriaan
- Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center,University of Amsterdam,Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - L Joos
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Department of Psychiatry,University of Antwerp,Antwerp,Belgium
| | - G Dom
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Department of Psychiatry,University of Antwerp,Antwerp,Belgium
| | - T Pattij
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam,VU University Medical Center,Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - W van den Brink
- Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center,University of Amsterdam,Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - D J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry,VU University Medical Center,Amsterdam,The Netherlands
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Vriend C, Nordbeck AH, Booij J, van der Werf YD, Pattij T, Voorn P, Raijmakers P, Foncke EM, van de Giessen E, Berendse HW, van den Heuvel OA. Reduced dopamine transporter binding predates impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2014; 29:904-11. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.25886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Vriend
- Department of Psychiatry; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU/VUmc; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Anna H. Nordbeck
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Ysbrand D. van der Werf
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU/VUmc; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience; Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Tommy Pattij
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Voorn
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Raijmakers
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine; VU University Medical Center (VUmc); Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Henk W. Berendse
- Department of Neurology; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Odile A. van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU/VUmc; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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Pattij T, Schetters D, Schoffelmeer ANM. Dopaminergic modulation of impulsive decision making in the rat insular cortex. Behav Brain Res 2014; 270:118-24. [PMID: 24837747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have implicated the insular cortex in cognitive processes including decision making. Nonetheless, little is known about the mechanisms by which the insula contributes to impulsive decision making. In this regard, the dopamine system is known to be importantly involved in decision making processes, including impulsive decision making. The aim of the current set of experiments was to further elucidate the importance of dopamine signaling in the agranular insular cortex in impulsive decision making. This compartment of the insular cortex is highly interconnected with brain areas such as the medial prefrontal cortex, amygdala and ventral striatum which are implicated in decision making processes. Male rats were trained in a delay-discounting task and upon stable baseline performance implanted with bilateral cannulae in the agranular insular cortex. Intracranial infusions of the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 and dopamine D2 receptor antagonist eticlopride revealed that particularly blocking dopamine D1 receptors centered on the insular cortex promoted impulsive decision making. Together, the present results demonstrate an important role of the agranular insular cortex in impulsive decision making and, more specifically, highlight the contribution of dopamine D1-like receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Pattij
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Dustin Schetters
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton N M Schoffelmeer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Vriend C, Pattij T, van der Werf YD, Voorn P, Booij J, Rutten S, Berendse HW, van den Heuvel OA. Depression and impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease: two sides of the same coin? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 38:60-71. [PMID: 24239733 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Depression and impulse control disorders (ICD) are two common neuropsychiatric features in Parkinson's disease (PD). Studies have revealed that both phenomena are associated with aberrations in ventral striatal dopamine signaling and concomitant dysfunction of the reward-related (limbic) cortico-striatal-thalamocortical (CSTC) circuit. Depression in PD seems associated with decreased activity in the limbic CSTC circuit, whereas ICD seem associated with increased limbic CSTC circuit activity, usually after commencing dopamine replacement therapy (DRT). Not all DRT using PD patients, however, develop symptoms of ICD, suggesting an additional underlying neurobiological susceptibility. Furthermore, the symptoms of depression and ICD frequently coincide even though they are related to seemingly contrasting limbic CSTC circuit activation states. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the currently available literature on the neurobiology of PD-related depression and ICD and discusses possible susceptibility factors. Finally, we propose a neurobiological model that identifies ventral striatal dopaminergic denervation as a common underlying neurobiological substrate of depression and ICD and subsequent dysfunction of reward and motivation-related brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Vriend
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU/VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Tommy Pattij
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU/VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ysbrand D van der Werf
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU/VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Emotion & Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Voorn
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk W Berendse
- Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU/VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Odile A van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU/VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Peters J, Pattij T, De Vries TJ. Targeting cocaine versus heroin memories: divergent roles within ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2013; 34:689-95. [PMID: 24182624 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In the search for novel treatments for addiction, most research has been propelled by the hope for a 'magic bullet' that would cure all forms of addiction. More recently, the field has started to appreciate the differences between psychostimulants versus opiates. Recent data suggest that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) may fundamentally serve different roles in cocaine versus heroin addiction: acting as a neural OFF switch for cocaine seeking, but an ON switch for heroin seeking. We discuss the relevance of this distinction in relationship to three main functions of the vmPFC: (i) extinction memory, (ii) the suppression of impulsive behaviors, and (iii) the transition from goal-directed behaviors to habits. We highlight the importance of dopamine in modulating corticostriatal circuits for each of these functions. Finally, we conclude by discussing the implications for treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Peters
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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28
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Pattij T, De Vries TJ. The role of impulsivity in relapse vulnerability. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2013; 23:700-5. [PMID: 23462336 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2013.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Drug dependence in humans is often accompanied by behavioral disturbances such as maladaptive levels of impulsivity. In turn, there is accumulating evidence from preclinical laboratory animal and clinical studies indicating that impulsive behavior might be causally linked to several distinct processes in drug addiction, including the onset, maintenance and relapsing nature of drug use. This leads to the question as to whether pharmacological or behavioral approaches aimed at ameliorating impulsivity might prove effective therapeutic interventions in human drug dependence. This paper reviews evidence for an important role of impulsivity as a determinant of drug dependence with a particular focus on relapse vulnerability and addresses the implications of these findings for the clinical management of relapse prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Pattij
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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Schmaal L, Broos N, Joos L, Pattij T, Goudriaan AE. [Impulse control in addiction: a translational perspective]. Tijdschr Psychiatr 2013; 55:823-831. [PMID: 24242141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity is a hallmark of addiction and predicts treatment response and relapse. Impulsivity is, however, a complex construct. Translational cross-species research is needed to give us greater insight into the neurobiology and the role of impulsivity in addiction and to help with the development of new treatment strategies for improving patients' impulse control. AIM To review recent evidence concerning the concept of impulsivity and the role of impulsivity in addiction. METHOD The concept and neurobiology of impulsivity are reviewed from a translational perspective. The role of impulsivity in addiction and implications for treatment are discussed. RESULTS Our recent translational cross-species study indicates that impulsivity is made up of several, separate independent features with partly distinct underlying neurobiological substrates. There are also indications that these features make a unique and independent contribution to separate stages of the addiction cycle. CONCLUSION In addition, the improvement of impulse control is a promising new target area for treatments that could lead to better results. However, those involved in developing new treatment strategies will have to take into account the complexity and multidimensional character of impulsivity.
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Lee AM, Oleson EB, Diergaarde L, Cheer JF, Pattij T. Cannabinoids and value-based decision making: implications for neurodegenerative disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 2:131-138. [PMID: 23162787 DOI: 10.1016/j.baga.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, disturbances in cognitive function have been increasingly recognized as important symptomatic phenomena in neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's Disease (PD). Value-based decision making in particular is an important executive cognitive function that is not only impaired in patients with PD, but also shares neural substrates with PD in basal ganglia structures and the dopamine system. Interestingly, the endogenous cannabinoid system modulates dopamine function and subsequently value-based decision making. This review will provide an overview of the interdisciplinary research that has influenced our understanding of value-based decision making and the role of dopamine, particularly in the context of reinforcement learning theories, as well as recent animal and human studies that demonstrate the modulatory role of activation of cannabinoid receptors by exogenous agonists or their naturally occurring ligands. The implications of this research for the symptomatology of and potential treatments for PD are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU university medical center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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31
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Oleson EB, Beckert MV, Morra JT, Lansink CS, Cachope R, Abdullah RA, Loriaux AL, Schetters D, Pattij T, Roitman MF, Lichtman AH, Cheer JF. Endocannabinoids shape accumbal encoding of cue-motivated behavior via CB1 receptor activation in the ventral tegmentum. Neuron 2012; 73:360-73. [PMID: 22284189 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Transient increases in nucleus accumbens (NAc) dopamine concentration are observed when animals are presented with motivationally salient stimuli and are theorized to energize reward seeking. They arise from high-frequency firing of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), which also results in the release of endocannabinoids from dopamine cell bodies. In this context, endocannabinoids are thought to regulate reward seeking by modulating dopamine signaling, although a direct link has never been demonstrated. To test this, we pharmacologically manipulated endocannabinoid neurotransmission in the VTA while measuring transient changes in dopamine concentration in the NAc during reward seeking. Disrupting endocannabinoid signaling dramatically reduced, whereas augmenting levels of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2AG) increased, cue-evoked dopamine concentrations and reward seeking. These data suggest that 2AG in the VTA regulates reward seeking by sculpting ethologically relevant patterns of dopamine release during reward-directed behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik B Oleson
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Wiskerke J, van Mourik Y, Schetters D, Schoffelmeer ANM, Pattij T. On the Role of Cannabinoid CB1- and μ-Opioid Receptors in Motor Impulsivity. Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:108. [PMID: 22701425 PMCID: PMC3371578 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies using a rat 5-choice serial reaction time task have established a critical role for dopamine D2 receptors in regulating increments in motor impulsivity induced by acute administration of the psychostimulant drugs amphetamine and nicotine. Here we investigated whether cannabinoid CB1 and/or μ-opioid receptors are involved in nicotine-induced impulsivity, given recent findings indicating that both receptor systems mediate amphetamine-induced motor impulsivity. Results showed that the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A, but not the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone, reduced nicotine-induced premature responding, indicating that nicotine-induced motor impulsivity is cannabinoid, but not opioid receptor-dependent. In contrast, SR141716A did not affect impulsivity following a challenge with the dopamine transporter inhibitor GBR 12909, a form of drug-induced impulsivity that was previously found to be dependent on μ-opioid receptor activation. Together, these data are consistent with the idea that the endogenous cannabinoid, dopamine, and opioid systems each play important, but distinct roles in regulating (drug-induced) motor impulsivity. The rather complex interplay between these neurotransmitter systems modulating impulsivity will be discussed in terms of the differential involvement of mesocortical and mesolimbic neurocircuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Wiskerke
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kleijn J, Wiskerke J, Cremers T, Schoffelmeer A, Westerink B, Pattij T. Effects of amphetamine on dopamine release in the rat nucleus accumbens shell region depend on cannabinoid CB1 receptor activation. Neurochem Int 2012; 60:791-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wiskerke J, Irimia C, Cravatt BF, De Vries TJ, Schoffelmeer ANM, Pattij T, Parsons LH. Characterization of the effects of reuptake and hydrolysis inhibition on interstitial endocannabinoid levels in the brain: an in vivo microdialysis study. ACS Chem Neurosci 2012; 3:407-17. [PMID: 22860210 DOI: 10.1021/cn300036b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present experiments employed in vivo microdialysis to characterize the effects of commonly used endocannabinoid clearance inhibitors on basal and depolarization-induced alterations in interstitial endocannabinoid levels in the nucleus accumbens of rat brain. Compounds targeting the putative endocannabinoid transporter and hydrolytic enzymes (FAAH and MAGL) were compared. The transporter inhibitor AM404 modestly enhanced depolarization-induced increases in 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) levels but did not alter levels of N-arachidonoyl-ethanolamide (anandamide, AEA). The transport inhibitor UCM707 did not alter dialysate levels of either endocannabinoid. The FAAH inhibitors URB597 and PF-3845 robustly increased AEA levels during depolarization without altering 2-AG levels. The MAGL inhibitor URB602 significantly enhanced depolarization-induced increases in 2-AG, but did not alter AEA levels. In contrast, the MAGL inhibitor JZL184 did not alter 2-AG or AEA levels under any condition tested. Finally, the dual FAAH/MAGL inhibitor JZL195 significantly enhanced depolarization-induced increases in both AEA and 2-AG levels. In contrast to the present observations in rats, prior work in mice has demonstrated a robust JZL184-induced enhancement of depolarization-induced increases in dialysate 2-AG. Thus, to further investigate species differences, additional tests with JZL184, PF-3845, and JZL195 were performed in mice. Consistent with prior reports, JZL184 significantly enhanced depolarization-induced increases in 2-AG without altering AEA levels. PF-3845 and JZL195 produced profiles in mouse dialysates comparable to those observed in rats. These findings confirm that interstitial endocannabinoid levels in the brain can be selectively manipulated by endocannabinoid clearance inhibitors. While PF-3845 and JZL195 produce similar effects in both rats and mice, substantial species differences in JZL184 efficacy are evident, which is consistent with previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Wiskerke
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, SP30-2120, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Irimia
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, SP30-2120, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Benjamin F. Cravatt
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Taco J. De Vries
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton N. M. Schoffelmeer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tommy Pattij
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Loren H. Parsons
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, SP30-2120, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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Broos N, Schmaal L, Wiskerke J, Kostelijk L, Lam T, Stoop N, Weierink L, Ham J, de Geus EJC, Schoffelmeer ANM, van den Brink W, Veltman DJ, de Vries TJ, Pattij T, Goudriaan AE. The relationship between impulsive choice and impulsive action: a cross-species translational study. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36781. [PMID: 22574225 PMCID: PMC3344935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Maladaptive impulsivity is a core symptom in various psychiatric disorders. However, there is only limited evidence available on whether different measures of impulsivity represent largely unrelated aspects or a unitary construct. In a cross-species translational study, thirty rats were trained in impulsive choice (delayed reward task) and impulsive action (five-choice serial reaction time task) paradigms. The correlation between those measures was assessed during baseline performance and after pharmacological manipulations with the psychostimulant amphetamine and the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine. In parallel, to validate the animal data, 101 human subjects performed analogous measures of impulsive choice (delay discounting task, DDT) and impulsive action (immediate and delayed memory task, IMT/DMT). Moreover, all subjects completed the Stop Signal Task (SST, as an additional measure of impulsive action) and filled out the Barratt impulsiveness scale (BIS-11). Correlations between DDT and IMT/DMT were determined and a principal component analysis was performed on all human measures of impulsivity. In both rats and humans measures of impulsive choice and impulsive action did not correlate. In rats the within-subject pharmacological effects of amphetamine and atomoxetine did not correlate between tasks, suggesting distinct underlying neural correlates. Furthermore, in humans, principal component analysis identified three independent factors: (1) self-reported impulsivity (BIS-11); (2) impulsive action (IMT/DMT and SST); (3) impulsive choice (DDT). This is the first study directly comparing aspects of impulsivity using a cross-species translational approach. The present data reveal the non-unitary nature of impulsivity on a behavioral and pharmacological level. Collectively, this warrants a stronger focus on the relative contribution of distinct forms of impulsivity in psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke Broos
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Wiskerke
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lennard Kostelijk
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicky Stoop
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lonneke Weierink
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jannemieke Ham
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eco J. C. de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton N. M. Schoffelmeer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim van den Brink
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick J. Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco J. de Vries
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tommy Pattij
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna E. Goudriaan
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Tobacco and alcohol dependence are characterized by continued use despite deleterious health, social and occupational consequences, implying that addicted individuals pay a high price for their use. In behavioral economic terms, such persistent consumption despite increased costs can be conceptualized as inelastic demand. Recent animal studies demonstrated that high-impulsive individuals are more willing to work for nicotine or cocaine infusions than their low-impulsive counterparts, indicating that this trait might be causally related to inelastic drug demand. By employing progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement combined with a behavioral economics approach of analysis, we determined whether trait impulsivity is associated with an insensitivity of nicotine or alcohol consumption to price increments. Rats were trained on a delayed discounting task, measuring impulsive choice. Hereafter, high- and low-impulsive rats were selected and trained to nose poke for intravenous nicotine or oral alcohol. Upon stable self-administration on a continuous reinforcement schedule, the price (i.e. response requirement) was increased. Demand curves, depicting the relationship between price and consumption, were produced using Hursh's exponential demand equation. Similar to human observations, nicotine and alcohol consumption in rats fitted this equation, thereby demonstrating the validity of our model. Moreover, high-impulsive rats displayed inelastic nicotine demand, as their nicotine consumption was less sensitive to price increments as compared with that in low-impulsive rats. Impulsive choice was not related to differences in alcohol demand elasticity. Our model seems well suited for studying nicotine and alcohol demand in rats and, as such, might contribute to our understanding of tobacco and alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leontien Diergaarde
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Pattij T, Schetters D, Schoffelmeer ANM, van Gaalen MM. On the improvement of inhibitory response control and visuospatial attention by indirect and direct adrenoceptor agonists. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 219:327-40. [PMID: 21769568 PMCID: PMC3249209 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2405-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The clinical efficacy of the monoamine and noradrenaline transporter inhibitors methylphenidate and atomoxetine in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder implicates noradrenergic neurotransmission in modulating inhibitory response control processes. Nonetheless, it is unclear which adrenoceptor subtypes are involved in these effects. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed at investigating the effects of adrenoceptor agonists on inhibitory response control as assessed in the rodent 5-choice serial reaction time task, a widely used translational model to measure this executive cognitive function. RESULTS Consistent with the previous reported effects of atomoxetine, the noradrenaline transporter inhibitor desipramine improved inhibitory response control, albeit the effect size was smaller compared to that of atomoxetine. Methylphenidate exerted a bimodal effect on inhibitory response control. Interestingly, the preferential β2-adrenoceptor agonist clenbuterol improved inhibitory response control. Moreover, clenbuterol improved visuospatial attention in the task, an effect that was also observed with the preferential β1-adrenoceptor agonist dobutamine. By contrast, although the preferential α1-adrenoceptor and α2-adrenoceptor agonists (phenylephrine and clonidine, respectively) and the non-selective β-adrenoceptor agonist (isoprenaline) were found to alter inhibitory response control, this was probably secondary to the simultaneous increments in response latencies and omissions observed at effective doses. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings further strengthen the notion of noradrenergic modulation of inhibitory response control and attentional processes and particularly reveal the involvement of β2-adrenoceptors therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Pattij
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Schippers MC, Binnekade R, Schoffelmeer ANM, Pattij T, De Vries TJ. Unidirectional relationship between heroin self-administration and impulsive decision-making in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 219:443-52. [PMID: 21887498 PMCID: PMC3249213 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2444-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE There is growing clinical evidence for a strong relationship between drug addiction and impulsivity. However, it is not fully clear whether impulsivity is a pre-existing trait or a consequence of drug abuse. Recent observations in the animal models show that pre-existing levels of impulsivity predict cocaine and nicotine seeking. Whether such relationships also exist with respect to non-stimulant drugs is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE We studied the relationship between impulsive choice and vulnerability to heroin taking and seeking. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were selected in the delayed reward task based on individual differences in impulsive choice. Subsequently, heroin intravenous self-administration behaviour was analysed, including acquisition of heroin intake, motivation, extinction and drug- and cue-induced reinstatement. Throughout the entire experiment, changes in impulsive choice were monitored weekly. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION High impulsivity did not predict measures of heroin taking. Moreover, high impulsive rats did not differ from low impulsive rats in extinction rates or heroin- and cue-induced reinstatement. However, both groups became more impulsive as heroin self-administration continued. During abstinence, impulsivity levels returned towards baseline (pre-heroin) levels. Our results indicate that, in contrast to psychostimulants, impulsive choice does not predict vulnerability to heroin seeking and taking. CONCLUSION These data implicate that different neural mechanisms may underlie the vulnerability to opiate and psychostimulant dependence. Moreover, our data suggest that elevated impulsivity levels as observed in heroin-dependent subjects are a consequence of heroin intake rather than a pre-existing vulnerability trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C. Schippers
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Binnekade
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton N. M. Schoffelmeer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tommy Pattij
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco J. De Vries
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Loos M, Staal J, Pattij T, Smit AB, Spijker S. Independent genetic loci for sensorimotor gating and attentional performance in BXD recombinant inbred strains. Genes, Brain and Behavior 2011; 11:147-56. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2011.00754.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wiskerke J, Stoop N, Schetters D, Schoffelmeer ANM, Pattij T. Cannabinoid CB1 receptor activation mediates the opposing effects of amphetamine on impulsive action and impulsive choice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25856. [PMID: 22016780 PMCID: PMC3189229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that acute challenges with psychostimulants such as amphetamine affect impulsive behavior. We here studied the pharmacology underlying the effects of amphetamine in two rat models of impulsivity, the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) and the delayed reward task (DRT), providing measures of inhibitory control, an aspect of impulsive action, and impulsive choice, respectively. We focused on the role of cannabinoid CB1 receptor activation in amphetamine-induced impulsivity as there is evidence that acute challenges with psychostimulants activate the endogenous cannabinoid system, and CB1 receptor activity modulates impulsivity in both rodents and humans. Results showed that pretreatment with either the CB1 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist SR141716A or the neutral CB1 receptor antagonist O-2050 dose-dependently improved baseline inhibitory control in the 5-CSRTT. Moreover, both compounds similarly attenuated amphetamine-induced inhibitory control deficits, suggesting that CB1 receptor activation by endogenously released cannabinoids mediates this aspect of impulsive action. Direct CB1 receptor activation by Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) did, however, not affect inhibitory control. Although neither SR141716A nor O-2050 affected baseline impulsive choice in the DRT, both ligands completely prevented amphetamine-induced reductions in impulsive decision making, indicating that CB1 receptor activity may decrease this form of impulsivity. Indeed, acute Δ9-THC was found to reduce impulsive choice in a CB1 receptor-dependent way. Together, these results indicate an important, though complex role for cannabinoid CB1 receptor activity in the regulation of impulsive action and impulsive choice as well as the opposite effects amphetamine has on both forms of impulsive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Wiskerke
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicky Stoop
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dustin Schetters
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton N. M. Schoffelmeer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tommy Pattij
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Vinkers CH, Groenink L, Pattij T, Olivier B, Bouwknecht JA. 5-HT(1A) receptor sensitivity in 5-HT(1B) receptor KO mice is unaffected by chronic fluvoxamine treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 667:250-7. [PMID: 21723276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The 5-HT(1B) receptor has been implicated in disorders such as depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder. In mice lacking the 5-HT(1B) receptor (5-HT(1B) knockout mice), important changes in physiology and behavior exist. In the absence of presynaptic 5-HT(1B) receptor inhibition, chronic SSRI treatment may differentially affect 5-HT(1A) receptor functionality. The present studies tested the hypothesis that chronically reducing 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) function with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment would accelerate 5-HT(1A) receptor desensitization in 5-HT(1B) knockout mice. Moreover, as 5-HT(1B) knockout mice have been found to display exaggerated autonomic and locomotor responses to environmental stressors, the effects of chronic SSRI treatment on the hyperreactive phenotype of 5-HT(1B) knockout mice were investigated. The stress-reducing effect of the 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist flesinoxan on increases in body temperature, heart rate and locomotor activity was similar in wild type and 5-HT(1B) knockout mice before and after chronic 21-day treatment with the SSRI fluvoxamine, indicating no apparent alteration of 5-HT(1A) receptor sensitivity in 5-HT(1B) knockout mice. Also, chronic SSRI treatment did not alter the increased stress reactivity to mild environmental stressors in 5-HT(1B) knockout mice. We demonstrate that no apparent differences in 5-HT(1A) receptor sensitivity occur between 5-HT(1B) knockout and wild type mice after chronic fluvoxamine treatment. Also, the hyperreactive phenotype of 5-HT(1B) knockout mice is unresponsive to chronic SSRI treatment. Taken together, these results indicate that constitutive absence of 5-HT(1B) receptors does not result in adaptive changes in 5-HT(1A) receptor functionality and that chronic SSRI treatment does not modify stress reactivity in 5-HT(1B) knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan H Vinkers
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Counotte DS, Smit AB, Pattij T, Spijker S. Development of the motivational system during adolescence, and its sensitivity to disruption by nicotine. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2011; 1:430-43. [PMID: 22436565 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain continues to develop during adolescence, and exposure to exogenous substances such as nicotine can exert long-lasting adaptations during this vulnerable period. In order to fully understand how nicotine affects the adolescent brain it is important to understand normal adolescent brain development. This review summarizes human and animal data on brain development, with emphasis on the prefrontal cortex, for its important function in executive control over behavior. Moreover, we discuss how nicotine exposure during adolescence can disrupt brain development bearing long-term consequences on executive cognitive function in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S Counotte
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics & Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU University, The Netherlands.
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Diergaarde L, Pattij T, Nawijn L, Schoffelmeer ANM, De Vries TJ. Trait impulsivity predicts escalation of sucrose seeking and hypersensitivity to sucrose-associated stimuli. Behav Neurosci 2009; 123:794-803. [PMID: 19634937 DOI: 10.1037/a0016504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Poor impulse control has been associated with compulsive drug seeking and an enhanced risk of relapse, suggesting that impulsivity is causally related to addiction proneness and relapse vulnerability. However, whether this association is specific to drugs of abuse or whether heightened impulsivity relates to a general increase in sensitivity to rewards and reward-associated stimuli is unknown. To address this issue, the authors selected rats on the basis of individual differences in impulsive action in the 5-choice serial reaction time task, after which they were subjected to an operant sucrose self-administration paradigm. High-impulsive rats displayed a progressive increase in responding on the active hole (including responses emitted during the time-out period) in comparison with low-impulsive rats, which reflects escalation of sucrose-seeking behavior. Once sucrose and sucrose-associated stimuli were omitted (extinction training), nose-poke responding ceased rapidly, an effect that was independent of impulsivity level. In contrast, on reintroduction of sucrose-associated stimuli, sucrose seeking was successfully reinstated in high-impulsive but not in low-impulsive rats. Collectively, the results suggest that impaired response inhibition is associated with enhanced responsiveness to reward-associated stimuli. As such, elevated impulsivity might constitute a risk factor for the initiation and maintenance of addictive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leontien Diergaarde
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Loos M, van der Sluis S, Bochdanovits Z, van Zutphen IJ, Pattij T, Stiedl O, Smit AB, Spijker S. Activity and impulsive action are controlled by different genetic and environmental factors. Genes, Brain and Behavior 2009; 8:817-28. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2009.00528.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Loos M, Pattij T, Janssen MCW, Counotte DS, Schoffelmeer ANM, Smit AB, Spijker S, van Gaalen MM. Dopamine Receptor D1/D5 Gene Expression in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex Predicts Impulsive Choice in Rats. Cereb Cortex 2009; 20:1064-70. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhp167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
Recent studies have implicated the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in the neuronal mechanisms underlying substance dependence. Here, we review results of studies using cannabinoid receptor subtype 1 (CB1) knockout mice as well as CB1 antagonists to elucidate the role of this neurotransmitter system in psychostimulant addiction. The overall picture is that CB1 receptors appear not to be involved in psychostimulant reward, nor in the development of dependence to such substances. In contrast, the eCB system appears to play a role in the persistence of psychostimulant addiction. In particular, CB1 receptors have been found to play a cardinal role in mediating reinstatement of previously extinguished drug-seeking behavior upon re-exposure to the drug or drug-associated cues. The anatomical loci as well as the neuronal mechanisms of the relapse-preventing effects of CB1 antagonists are still poorly understood, although interactions of the eCB system with afferent glutamatergic and possibly dopaminergic projections to the nucleus accumbens are most likely involved. In addition, CB1 receptors seem to modulate drug-related memories, in line with the hypothesized role of the eCB system in memory-related plasticity. Together, these findings suggest that modulators of the eCB system represent a promising novel type of therapy to treat drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Wiskerke
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Pattij T, Wiskerke J, Schoffelmeer ANM. Cannabinoid modulation of executive functions. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 585:458-63. [PMID: 18423599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.02.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Revised: 01/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Executive functions are higher-order cognitive processes such as attention, behavioural flexibility, decision-making, inhibitory control, planning, time estimation and working memory that exert top-down control over behaviour. In addition to the role of cannabinoid signaling in other cognitive functions such as mnemonic processes, interest in its involvement in executive functions has arisen more recently. Here, we will briefly review some of the recent findings indicating a modulatory role of cannabinoid action on executive functioning. In addition, a growing body of evidence suggests that in particular adolescents are more vulnerable for the deleterious effects of drugs of abuse such as cannabis on cognitive functioning. Therefore, in this paper we will also briefly discuss some recent developments in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Pattij
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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48
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Diergaarde L, Pattij T, Poortvliet I, Hogenboom F, de Vries W, Schoffelmeer ANM, De Vries TJ. Impulsive choice and impulsive action predict vulnerability to distinct stages of nicotine seeking in rats. Biol Psychiatry 2008; 63:301-8. [PMID: 17884016 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Revised: 07/13/2007] [Accepted: 07/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although heavy smoking has been associated with impulsivity in humans, it is not clear whether poor impulse control represents a risk factor in the etiology of nicotine dependence. METHODS To address this issue, rats were selected on the basis of individual differences in impulsivity in the delayed reward task (impulsive choice) and the 5-choice serial reaction time task (impulsive action). Subsequently, rats were subjected to a nicotine self-administration (SA) paradigm tailored to measure the motivational properties of nicotine and nicotine-associated stimuli. In separate groups, differences in electrically evoked dopamine release in slice preparations obtained from several mesolimbic brain regions were determined. RESULTS Impulsive action was associated with an enhanced motivation to initiate and maintain nicotine SA. In contrast, impulsive choice predicted a diminished ability to inhibit nicotine seeking during abstinence and an enhanced vulnerability to relapse upon re-exposure to nicotine cues. Impulsive action was associated with reduced dopamine release in the accumbens core and impulsive choice with reduced dopamine release in accumbens core, shell, and medial prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS The strong association between sub-dimensions of impulsivity and nicotine SA implies that interventions aimed to improve impulse control might help to reduce susceptibility to nicotine dependence and/or lead to successful smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leontien Diergaarde
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Olivier JDA, de Jong TR, Jos Dederen P, van Oorschot R, Heeren D, Pattij T, Waldinger MD, Coolen LM, Cools AR, Olivier B, Veening JG. Effects of acute and chronic apomorphine on sex behavior and copulation-induced neural activation in the male rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 576:61-76. [PMID: 17826765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Revised: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/15/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Apomorphine is a non-selective dopaminergic receptor agonist. Because of its pro-erectile effects, apomorphine is clinically used for treatment of erectile dysfunction. We investigated the effects of subcutaneous apomorphine administration (0.4 mg/kg rat) on sexual behavior and mating-induced Fos-expression following acute (day 1) or chronic apomorphine treatment (days 8 and 15) in sexually experienced male rats. Consistent facilitatory effects of apomorphine were observed in the reduced numbers of mounts and intromissions over time and an increased ejaculation frequency on day 1. The first post-ejaculatory interval, however, was lengthened, while other behavioral parameters were unaffected. Fos-immunoreactivity induced by acute apomorphine administration (barrel cortex, paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, central amygdala and locus coeruleus) was strongly reduced after chronic administration. After mating, induction of Fos-immunoreactivity was observed in well-known areas like medial preoptic nucleus and the posterodorsal medial amygdaloid area. Apomorphine, however, reduced mating-induced Fos-immunoreactivity in the nucleus accumbens shell and prevented its occurrence in its core area. This remarkable apomorphine effect was not observed in any other brain area. We conclude that the behavioral (pro-erectile) effects of apomorphine are consistent over time, and that the diminished accumbens-Fos-immunoreactivity and the elongated post-ejaculatory interval may reflect a decreased response to remote cues from the estrus female.
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Homberg JR, Pattij T, Janssen MCW, Ronken E, De Boer SF, Schoffelmeer ANM, Cuppen E. Serotonin transporter deficiency in rats improves inhibitory control but not behavioural flexibility. Eur J Neurosci 2007; 26:2066-73. [PMID: 17897403 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05839.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Impulsivity and aggression have been suggested to inversely correlate with central serotonin (5-HT) levels in a trait-like manner. However, this relationship is far from straightforward. In the present study we addressed the effect of lifelong reduced or absent serotonin transporter (SERT) function, which is associated with constitutively increased extracellular 5-HT levels, on impulsivity and aggression. We used unique SERT knockout rats in a resident-intruder test, five-choice serial reaction time task and serial reversal learning task to assay aggression, inhibitory control and behavioural flexibility, respectively. Homozygous SERT knockout rats (SERT( -/-)) displayed reduced aggression and improved inhibitory control, but unchanged behavioural flexibility. The behavioural phenotype of heterozygous SERT knockout rats (SERT( +/-)) was not different from that of wild-type controls in any of the behavioural paradigms. We determined monoamine (metabolite) tissue levels in the medial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, lateral hypothalamus, raphe nuclei and cerebrospinal fluid, and found that the 5-HT levels, but not other monoamine tissue levels, were reduced in SERT( -/-) rats. In addition, the 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)/5-HT ratio in cerebrospinal fluid was increased in these rats. In conclusion, our data show that the absence of the SERT affects aggression and inhibitory control, but not behavioural flexibility, characteristics that may reflect the trait-like consequences of constitutive changes in central 5-HT levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith R Homberg
- Hubrecht Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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