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Ahmari SE, Crummy EA. Maximizing translational value in models of compulsive behavior: A commentary on Pickenhan et al. (2024). Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2024; 24:266-268. [PMID: 38453807 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-024-01175-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
In this issue of Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Neuroscience, Pickenhan et al. (2024) discuss the need for translational studies to understand features underlying obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). They highlight the translational value of the observing-response task (ORT) for modeling functional and maladaptive checking behaviors, a common symptom of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Ahmari
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - E A Crummy
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Nashed JY, Shearer KT, Wang JZ, Chen Y, Cook EE, Champagne AA, Coverdale NS, Fernandez-Ruiz J, Striver SI, Flanagan JR, Gallivan JP, Cook DJ. Spontaneous Behavioural Recovery Following Stroke Relates to the Integrity of Parietal and Temporal Regions. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:127-139. [PMID: 36542292 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a devastating disease that results in neurological deficits and represents a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Following a stroke, there is a degree of spontaneous recovery of function, the neural basis of which is of great interest among clinicians in their efforts to reduce disability following stroke and enhance rehabilitation. Conventionally, work on spontaneous recovery has tended to focus on the neural reorganization of motor cortical regions, with comparably little attention being paid to changes in non-motor regions and how these relate to recovery. Here we show, using structural neuroimaging in a macaque stroke model (N = 31) and by exploiting individual differences in spontaneous behavioural recovery, that the preservation of regions in the parietal and temporal cortices predict animal recovery. To characterize recovery, we performed a clustering analysis using Non-Human Primate Stroke Scale (NHPSS) scores and identified a good versus poor recovery group. By comparing the preservation of brain volumes in the two groups, we found that brain areas in integrity of brain areas in parietal, temporal and somatosensory cortex were associated with better recovery. In addition, a decoding approach performed across all subjects revealed that the preservation of specific brain regions in the parietal, somatosensory and medial frontal cortex predicted recovery. Together, these findings highlight the importance of parietal and temporal regions in spontaneous behavioural recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Y Nashed
- Department of Translational Medicine, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Room 230, Botterell Hall, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Centre of Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kaden T Shearer
- Centre of Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Justin Z Wang
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Yining Chen
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Elise E Cook
- Centre of Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Allen A Champagne
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Nicole S Coverdale
- Centre of Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Juan Fernandez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Shirley I Striver
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - J Randal Flanagan
- Centre of Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jason P Gallivan
- Centre of Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Douglas J Cook
- Department of Translational Medicine, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Room 230, Botterell Hall, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
- Centre of Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 2V7, Canada.
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Salvoza N, Giraudi P, Gazzin S, Bonazza D, Palmisano S, de Manzini N, Zanconati F, Raseni A, Sirianni F, Tiribelli C, Rosso N. The potential role of omentin-1 in obesity-related metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: evidence from translational studies. J Transl Med 2023; 21:906. [PMID: 38082368 PMCID: PMC10714452 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, characterized by visceral adipose tissue (VAT) expansion, is closely associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Recent research has highlighted the crucial role of the adipose tissue-liver axis in the development of MASLD. In this study, we investigated the potential role of omentin-1, a novel adipokine expressed by VAT, in obesity-related MASLD pathogenesis. METHODS Through in silico analysis of differentially expressed genes in VAT from obese patients with and without MASH, we identified omentin-1 as a significant candidate. To validate our findings, we measured omentin-1 levels in VAT and plasma of lean controls and obese patients with biopsy-proven MASLD. Additionally, we assessed omentin-1 expression in the VAT of diet-induced mice MASLD model. In vitro and ex vivo studies were conducted to investigate the effects of omentin-1 on MASLD-related mechanisms, including steatosis, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and oxidative stress. We also analyzed the impact of D-glucose and insulin on VAT omentin-1 levels ex vivo. RESULTS Compared to the lean group, the obese groups exhibited significantly lower VAT and plasma levels of omentin-1. Interestingly, within the obese groups, omentin-1 is further decreased in MASH groups, independent of fibrosis. Likewise, VAT of mice fed with high-fat diet, showing histological signs of MASH showed decreased omentin-1 levels as compared to their control diet counterpart. In vitro experiments on fat-laden human hepatocytes revealed that omentin-1 did not affect steatosis but significantly reduced TNF-α levels, ER stress, and oxidative stress. Similar results were obtained using ex vivo VAT explants from obese patients upon omentin-1 supplementation. Furthermore, omentin-1 decreased the mRNA expression of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK and JNK). Ex vivo VAT explants showed that D-glucose and insulin significantly reduced omentin-1 mRNA expression and protein levels. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings suggest that reduced omentin-1 levels contribute to the development of MASLD. Omentin-1 supplementation likely exerts its beneficial effects through the inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, and it may additionally play a role in the regulation of glucose and insulin metabolism. Further research is warranted to explore omentin-1 as a potential therapeutic target and/or biomarker for MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Salvoza
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, ONLUS Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- School of Molecular Biomedicine, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Pablo Giraudi
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, ONLUS Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Gazzin
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, ONLUS Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Deborah Bonazza
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Cattinara Hospital, ASUGI, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Palmisano
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, ONLUS Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicolò de Manzini
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Alan Raseni
- Clinical Chemistry Urgency Laboratory Spoke, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo Paediatric Hospital, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Sirianni
- Clinical Chemistry Urgency Laboratory Spoke, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo Paediatric Hospital, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, ONLUS Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Natalia Rosso
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, ONLUS Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
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Leung BK, Merlin S, Walker AK, Lawther AJ, Paxinos G, Eapen V, Clarke R, Balleine BW, Furlong TM. Immp2l knockdown in male mice increases stimulus-driven instrumental behaviour but does not alter goal-directed learning or neuron density in cortico-striatal circuits in a model of Tourette syndrome and autism spectrum disorder. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114610. [PMID: 37541448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Cortico-striatal neurocircuits mediate goal-directed and habitual actions which are necessary for adaptive behaviour. It has recently been proposed that some of the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS), such as tics and other repetitive behaviours, may emerge because of imbalances in these neurocircuits. We have recently developed a model of ASD and GTS by knocking down Immp2l, a mitochondrial gene frequently associated with these disorders. The current study sought to determine whether Immp2l knockdown (KD) in male mice alters flexible, goal- or cue- driven behaviour using procedures specifically designed to examine response-outcome and stimulus-response associations, which underlie goal-directed and habitual behaviour, respectively. Whether Immp2l KD alters neuron density in cortico-striatal neurocircuits known to regulate these behaviours was also examined. Immp2l KD mice and wild type-like mice (WT) were trained on Pavlovian and instrumental learning procedures where auditory cues predicted food delivery and lever-press responses earned a food outcome. It was demonstrated that goal-directed learning was not changed for Immp2l KD mice compared to WT mice, as lever-press responses were sensitive to changes in the value of the food outcome, and to contingency reversal and degradation. There was also no difference in the capacity of KD mice to form habitual behaviours compared to WT mice following extending training of the instrumental action. However, Immp2l KD mice were more responsive to auditory stimuli paired with food as indicated by a non-specific increase in lever response rates during Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer. Finally, there were no alterations to neuron density in striatum or any prefrontal cortex or limbic brain structures examined. Thus, the current study suggests that Immp2l is not necessary for learned maladaptive goal or stimulus driven behaviours in ASD or GTS, but that it may contribute to increased capacity for external stimuli to drive behaviour. Alterations to stimulus-driven behaviour could potentially influence the expression of tics and repetitive behaviours, suggesting that genetic alterations to Immp2l may contribute to these core symptoms in ASD and GTS. Given that this is the first application of this battery of instrumental learning procedures to a mouse model of ASD or GTS, it is an important initial step in determining the contribution of known risk-genes to goal-directed versus habitual behaviours, which should be more broadly applied to other rodent models of ASD and GTS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice K Leung
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sam Merlin
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Adam K Walker
- Laboratory of ImmunoPsychiatry, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia
| | - Adam J Lawther
- Laboratory of ImmunoPsychiatry, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - George Paxinos
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Valsamma Eapen
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia; Mental Health Research Unit, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, Australia
| | - Raymond Clarke
- Ingham Institute, Discipline of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bernard W Balleine
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Teri M Furlong
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Némethy Z, Kiss B, Lethbridge N, Chazot P, Hajnik T, Tóth A, Détári L, Schmidt É, Czurkó A, Kostyalik D, Oláh V, Hernádi I, Balázs O, Vizi ES, Ledneczki I, Mahó S, Román V, Lendvai B, Lévay G. Convergent cross-species pro-cognitive effects of RGH-235, a new potent and selective histamine H 3 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 916:174621. [PMID: 34965389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The histamine H3 receptor is a favourable target for the treatment of cognitive deficits. Here we report the in vitro and in vivo profile of RGH-235, a new potent, selective, and orally active H3 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist developed by Gedeon Richter Plc. Radioligand binding and functional assays were used for in vitro profiling. Procognitive efficacy was investigated in rodent cognitive tests, in models of attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) and in cognitive tests of high translational value (rat touch screen visual discrimination test, primate fixed-foreperiod visual reaction time task). Results were supported by pharmacokinetic studies, neurotransmitter release, sleep EEG and dipsogenia. RGH-235 displayed high affinity to H3 receptors (Ki = 3.0-9.2 nM, depending on species), without affinity to H1, H2 or H4 receptors and >100 other targets. RGH-235 was an inverse agonist ([35S] GTPγS binding) and antagonist (pERK1/2 ELISA), showing favourable kinetics, inhibition of the imetit-induced dipsogenia and moderate effects on sleep-wake EEG. RGH-235 stimulated neurotransmitter release both in vitro and in vivo. RGH-235 was active in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), generally considered as a model of ADHD, and revealed a robust pro-cognitive profile both in rodent and primate tests (in 0.3-1 mg/kg) and in models of high translational value (e.g. in a rodent touch screen test and in non-human primates). The multiple and convergent procognitive effects of RGH-235 support the view that beneficial cognitive effects can be linked to antagonism/inverse agonism of H3 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Némethy
- Pharmacological and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Béla Kiss
- Pharmacological and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Paul Chazot
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Tünde Hajnik
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Tóth
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Détári
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Schmidt
- Pharmacological and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Czurkó
- Pharmacological and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Diána Kostyalik
- Pharmacological and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vilmos Oláh
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, Faculty of Sciences, Grastyán Translational Research Center and Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - István Hernádi
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, Faculty of Sciences, Grastyán Translational Research Center and Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ottilia Balázs
- Pharmacological and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Sándor Mahó
- Department of Chemistry, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktor Román
- Pharmacological and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Lendvai
- Pharmacological and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Lévay
- Pharmacological and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
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Green S, Dam MS, Svendsen MN. Mouse avatars of human cancers: the temporality of translation in precision oncology. Hist Philos Life Sci 2021; 43:27. [PMID: 33620596 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-021-00383-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are currently promoted as new translational models in precision oncology. PDXs are immunodeficient mice with human tumors that are used as surrogate models to represent specific types of cancer. By accounting for the genetic heterogeneity of cancer tumors, PDXs are hoped to provide more clinically relevant results in preclinical research. Further, in the function of so-called "mouse avatars", PDXs are hoped to allow for patient-specific drug testing in real-time (in parallel to treatment of the corresponding cancer patient). This paper examines the circulation of knowledge and bodily material across the species boundary of human and personalized mouse model, historically as well as in contemporary practices. PDXs raise interesting questions about the relation between animal model and human patient, and about the capacity of hybrid or interspecies models to close existing translational gaps. We highlight that the translational potential of PDXs not only depends on representational matching of model and target, but also on temporal alignment between model development and practical uses. Aside from the importance of ensuring temporal stability of human tumors in a murine body, the mouse avatar concept rests on the possibility of aligning the temporal horizons of the clinic and the lab. We examine strategies to address temporal challenges, including cryopreservation and biobanking, as well as attempts to speed up translation through modification and use of faster developing organisms. We discuss how featured model virtues change with precision oncology, and contend that temporality is a model feature that deserves more philosophical attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Green
- Section for History and Philosophy of Science, Department of Science Education, University of Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Building (NBB), Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
- Department of Public Health, Centre for Medical Science and Technology Studies, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 5, opg. B, Postboks 2099, 1014, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Mie S Dam
- Department of Public Health, Centre for Medical Science and Technology Studies, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 5, opg. B, Postboks 2099, 1014, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette N Svendsen
- Department of Public Health, Centre for Medical Science and Technology Studies, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 5, opg. B, Postboks 2099, 1014, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Fontana BD, Müller TE, Cleal M, de Abreu MS, Norton WHJ, Demin KA, Amstislavskaya TG, Petersen EV, Kalueff AV, Parker MO, Rosemberg DB. Using zebrafish (Danio rerio) models to understand the critical role of social interactions in mental health and wellbeing. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 208:101993. [PMID: 33440208 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.101993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Social behavior represents a beneficial interaction between conspecifics that is critical for maintaining health and wellbeing. Dysfunctional or poor social interaction are associated with increased risk of physical (e.g., vascular) and psychiatric disorders (e.g., anxiety, depression, and substance abuse). Although the impact of negative and positive social interactions is well-studied, their underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Zebrafish have well-characterized social behavior phenotypes, high genetic homology with humans, relative experimental simplicity and the potential for high-throughput screens. Here, we discuss the use of zebrafish as a candidate model organism for studying the fundamental mechanisms underlying social interactions, as well as potential impacts of social isolation on human health and wellbeing. Overall, the growing utility of zebrafish models may improve our understanding of how the presence and absence of social interactions can differentially modulate various molecular and physiological biomarkers, as well as a wide range of other behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara D Fontana
- Brain and Behaviour Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, UK.
| | - Talise E Müller
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Neuropscychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Madeleine Cleal
- Brain and Behaviour Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, UK
| | - Murilo S de Abreu
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - William H J Norton
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA, USA
| | - Konstantin A Demin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Center, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Scientific Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Elena V Petersen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Neuroscience and Bioscreening, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Matthew O Parker
- Brain and Behaviour Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, UK; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA, USA
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Neuropscychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA, USA.
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Lorsch ZS, Ambesi-Impiombato A, Zenowich R, Morganstern I, Leahy E, Bansal M, Nestler EJ, Hanania T. Computational Analysis of Multidimensional Behavioral Alterations After Chronic Social Defeat Stress. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 89:920-928. [PMID: 33309017 PMCID: PMC8052271 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of depression in humans depends on animal models that attempt to mimic specific features of the human syndrome. Most studies focus on one or a few behavioral domains, with time and practical considerations prohibiting a comprehensive evaluation. Although machine learning has enabled unbiased analysis of behavior in animals, this has not yet been applied to animal models of psychiatric disease. METHODS We performed chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) in mice and evaluated behavior with PsychoGenics' SmartCube, a high-throughput unbiased automated phenotyping platform that collects >2000 behavioral features based on machine learning. We evaluated group differences at several times post-CSDS and after administration of the antidepressant medication imipramine. RESULTS SmartCube analysis after CSDS successfully separated control and defeated-susceptible mice, and defeated-resilient mice more resembled control mice. We observed a potentiation of CSDS effects over time. Treatment of susceptible mice with imipramine induced a 40.2% recovery of the defeated-susceptible phenotype as assessed by SmartCube. CONCLUSIONS High-throughput analysis can simultaneously evaluate multiple behavioral alterations in an animal model for the study of depression, which provides a more unbiased and holistic approach to evaluating group differences after CSDS and perhaps can be applied to other mouse models of psychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S. Lorsch
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Emer Leahy
- PsychoGenics Inc., Paramus, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Eric J. Nestler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Eric Nestler, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1065, New York, New York 10029; (212) 659-5656 and Taleen Hanania,_PsychoGenics Inc., 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ 07652.
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9
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Gellner AK, Voelter J, Schmidt U, Beins EC, Stein V, Philipsen A, Hurlemann R. Molecular and neurocircuitry mechanisms of social avoidance. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:1163-1189. [PMID: 32997200 PMCID: PMC7904739 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03649-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Humans and animals live in social relationships shaped by actions of approach and avoidance. Both are crucial for normal physical and mental development, survival, and well-being. Active withdrawal from social interaction is often induced by the perception of threat or unpleasant social experience and relies on adaptive mechanisms within neuronal networks associated with social behavior. In case of confrontation with overly strong or persistent stressors and/or dispositions of the affected individual, maladaptive processes in the neuronal circuitries and its associated transmitters and modulators lead to pathological social avoidance. This review focuses on active, fear-driven social avoidance, affected circuits within the mesocorticolimbic system and associated regions and a selection of molecular modulators that promise translational potential. A comprehensive review of human research in this field is followed by a reflection on animal studies that offer a broader and often more detailed range of analytical methodologies. Finally, we take a critical look at challenges that could be addressed in future translational research on fear-driven social avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Kathrin Gellner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jella Voelter
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Hermann-Ehlers-Str. 7, 26160, Bad Zwischenahn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry Und Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eva Carolina Beins
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Valentin Stein
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - René Hurlemann
- Division of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany. .,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Hermann-Ehlers-Str. 7, 26160, Bad Zwischenahn, Germany. .,Research Center Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.
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10
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Abstract
Neuropharmacological interventions in preclinical translational models of impulsivity have tremendously contributed to a better understanding of the neurochemistry and neural basis of impulsive behaviour. In this regard, much progress has been made over the last years, also due to the introduction of novel techniques in behavioural neuroscience such as optogenetics and chemogenetics. In this chapter, we will provide an update of how the behavioural pharmacology field has progressed and built upon existing data since an earlier review we wrote in 2008. To this aim, we will first give a brief background on preclinical translational models of impulsivity. Next, recent interesting evidence of monoaminergic modulation of impulsivity will be highlighted with a focus on the neurotransmitters dopamine and noradrenaline. Finally, we will close the chapter by discussing some novel directions and drug leads in the neuropharmacological modulation of impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Pattij
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Louk J M J Vanderschuren
- Division of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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11
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Dothel G, Bernardini C, Zannoni A, Spirito MR, Salaroli R, Bacci ML, Forni M, Ponti FD. Ex vivo effect of vascular wall stromal cells secretome on enteric ganglia. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:4892-4903. [PMID: 31543681 PMCID: PMC6737320 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i33.4892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy is currently under study to treat inflammatory bowel diseases. MSC bioactive products could represent a valid alternative to overcome issues associated with systemic whole-cell therapies. However, MSC anti-inflammatory mechanisms differ between rodents and humans, impairing the reliability of preclinical models.
AIM To evaluate the effect of conditioned medium (CM) derived from porcine vascular wall MSCs (pVW-MSCs) on survival and differentiation of porcine and guinea pig enteric ganglia exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
METHODS Primary cultures of enteric ganglia were obtained by mechanic and enzymatic digestion of ileum resections from guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) (GPEG) and pigs (Suus scrofa) (PEG). pVW-MSCs were derived by enzymatic digestion from vascular wall resections of porcine aorta and tested by immunoflowcytometry for MSC immune profile. Enteric ganglia were treated with increasing concentrations of LPS, CM derived by pVW-MSCs or a combination of CM and LPS 1 µg/mL. Cell count and morphometric analysis of HuD positive neurons and glial fibrillary acidic protein positive glial cells were performed by immunofluorecent staining of cultured ganglia.
RESULTS PEG showed a higher number of neurons compared to GPEG. Overall, CM exerted a protective role on LPS-treated enteric ganglia. CM in combination with LPS increased the number of glial cells per ganglion in both cultures evoking glial cells differentiation in porcine cultures.
CONCLUSION These findings suggest an immunomodulating activity of pVW-MSCs mediators on the enteric nervous system in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Dothel
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Augusta Zannoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Spirito
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Roberta Salaroli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Fabrizio De Ponti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
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12
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Abstract
This chapter focuses on the translational value of drug discrimination as a preclinical assay for drug development. In particular, the importance of two factors, i.e., training dose and species, for drug discrimination studies with the atypical antipsychotic clozapine is examined. Serotonin receptors appear to be an important pharmacological mechanism mediating clozapine's discriminative cue in both rats and mice, although differences are clearly evident as antagonism of cholinergic muscarinic receptors is important in rats at a higher training dose (5.0 mg/kg) of clozapine, but not at a lower training dose (1.25 mg/kg). Antagonism of α1 adrenoceptors is a sufficient mechanism in C57BL/6 and 129S2 mice to mimic clozapine's cue, but not in DBA/2 and B6129S mice, and only produces partial substitution in low-dose clozapine discrimination in rats. Dopamine antagonism produces partial substitution for clozapine in DBA/2, 129S2, and B6129S mice, but not in C57BL/6 mice, and partial substitution is seen with D4 antagonism in low-dose clozapine drug discrimination in rats. Thus, it is evident that clozapine has a complex mixture of receptor contributions towards its discriminative cue based on the data from the four mouse strains that have been tested that is similar to the results from rat studies. A further examination of antipsychotic stimulus properties in humans, particularly in patients with schizophrenia, would go far in evaluating the translational value of the drug discrimination paradigm for antipsychotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Porter
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA.
| | - Kevin A Webster
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Adam J Prus
- Department of Psychology, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI, USA
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13
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Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of neurodevelopment disorders that are characterized by heterogenous cognitive deficits and genetic factors. As more ASD risk genes are identified, genetic animal models have been developed to parse out the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of ASD. In this review, we discuss a subset of genetic models of ASD, focusing on those that have been widely studied and strongly linked to ASD. We focus our discussion of these models in the context of the theories and potential mechanisms of ASD, including disruptions in cell growth and proliferation, spine dynamics, synaptic transmission, excitation/inhibition balance, intracellular signaling, neuroinflammation, and behavior. In addition to ASD pathophysiology, we examine the limitations and challenges that genetic models pose for the study of ASD biology. We end with a review of innovative techniques and concepts of ASD pathology that can be further applied to and studied using genetic ASD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jheel Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Program in Medical Neuroscience, Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jodi L Lukkes
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Anantha Shekhar
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Program in Medical Neuroscience, Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Indiana Clinical and Translation Sciences Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
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14
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Rossello X, Piñero A, Fernández-Jiménez R, Sánchez-González J, Pizarro G, Galán-Arriola C, Lobo-Gonzalez M, Vilchez JP, García-Prieto J, García-Ruiz JM, García-Álvarez A, Sanz-Rosa D, Ibanez B. Mirabegron, a Clinically Approved β3 Adrenergic Receptor Agonist, Does Not Reduce Infarct Size in a Swine Model of Reperfused Myocardial Infarction. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2018; 11:310-318. [PMID: 30073540 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-018-9819-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The administration of the selective β3 adrenergic receptor (β3AR) agonist BRL-37344 protects from myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), although the lack of clinical approval limits its translatability. We tested the cardioprotective effect of mirabegron, the first-in-class β3AR agonist approved for human use. A dose-response study was conducted in 6 pigs to select the highest intravenous dose of mirabegron without significant detrimental hemodynamic effect. Subsequently, closed chest anterior myocardial infarction (45 min ischemia followed by reperfusion) was performed in 26 pigs which randomly received either mirabegron (10 μg/kg) or placebo 5 min before reperfusion. Day-7 cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) showed no differences in infarct size (35.0 ± 2.0% of left ventricle (LV) vs. 35.9 ± 2.4% in mirabegron and placebo respectively, p = 0.782) or LV ejection fraction (36.3 ± 1.1 vs. 34.6 ± 1.9%, p = 0.430). Consistent results were obtained on day-45 CMR. In conclusion, the intravenous administration of the clinically available selective β3AR agonist mirabegron does not reduce infarct size in a swine model of IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Rossello
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Piñero
- CIBER de Enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Fernández-Jiménez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | | | - Gonzalo Pizarro
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Galán-Arriola
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Lobo-Gonzalez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jean Paul Vilchez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime García-Prieto
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel García-Ruiz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana García-Álvarez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sanz-Rosa
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Ibanez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.
- Cardiology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
- Translational Laboratory for Cardiovascular Imaging and Therapy, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Villalba-Orero M, López-Olañeta MM, González-López E, Padrón-Barthe L, Gómez-Salinero JM, García-Prieto J, Wai T, García-Pavía P, Ibáñez B, Jiménez-Borreguero LJ, Lara-Pezzi E. Lung ultrasound as a translational approach for non-invasive assessment of heart failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction in mice. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:1113-1123. [PMID: 28472392 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Heart failure (HF) has become an epidemic and constitutes a major medical, social, and economic problem worldwide. Despite advances in medical treatment, HF prognosis remains poor. The development of efficient therapies is hampered by the lack of appropriate animal models in which HF can be reliably determined, particularly in mice. The development of HF in mice is often assumed based on the presence of cardiac dysfunction, but HF itself is seldom proved. Lung ultrasound (LUS) has become a helpful tool for lung congestion assessment in patients at all stages of HF. We aimed to apply this non-invasive imaging tool to evaluate HF in mouse models of both systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Methods and results We used LUS to study HF in a mouse model of systolic dysfunction, dilated cardiomyopathy, and in a mouse model of diastolic dysfunction, diabetic cardiomyopathy. LUS proved to be a reliable and reproducible tool to detect pulmonary congestion in mice. The combination of LUS and echocardiography allowed discriminating those mice that develop HF from those that do not, even in the presence of evident cardiac dysfunction. The study showed that LUS can be used to identify the onset of HF decompensation and to evaluate the efficacy of therapies for this syndrome. Conclusions This novel approach in mouse models of cardiac disease enables for the first time to adequately diagnose HF non-invasively in mice with preserved or reduced ejection fraction, and will pave the way to a better understanding of HF and to the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Esther González-López
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Padrón-Barthe
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jaime García-Prieto
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Timothy Wai
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Pablo García-Pavía
- Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Para Cardiología (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Ibáñez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Para Cardiología (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS), Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis J Jiménez-Borreguero
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Lara-Pezzi
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Para Cardiología (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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16
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Pillemer K, Gilligan M. Translating Basic Research on the Aging Family to Caregiving Intervention: The Case of Within-Family Differences. Innov Aging 2018; 2:igx035. [PMID: 30480127 PMCID: PMC6177031 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its inception, the field of gerontology has sought to establish optimal connections between the scientific activities of researchers and the real-world concerns of practitioners and clinicians. The concept of translational research has emerged in recent years as a model for bridging the gap between science and service. This article provides an example of how basic research findings can be translated to provide guidance for intervention in the area of family caregiving. We review findings from an innovative program of research on within-family differences, which extends theory and research from the developmental psychological study of children to the family in later life. The within-family difference perspective focuses on how the individual parent–child dyads in a particular family differ from and are affected by other dyads. Basic research on this topic has revealed the extent of parental favoritism in later life, factors related to parental differential treatment of offspring, and the consequences of such favoritism and treatment on sibling relationship quality and psychological well-being. Four examples are provided of ways in which attention to within-family differences research could enhance caregiving interventions.
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17
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Hainsworth AH, Allan SM, Boltze J, Cunningham C, Farris C, Head E, Ihara M, Isaacs JD, Kalaria RN, Lesnik Oberstein SAMJ, Moss MB, Nitzsche B, Rosenberg GA, Rutten JW, Salkovic-Petrisic M, Troen AM. Translational models for vascular cognitive impairment: a review including larger species. BMC Med 2017; 15:16. [PMID: 28118831 PMCID: PMC5264492 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disease models are useful for prospective studies of pathology, identification of molecular and cellular mechanisms, pre-clinical testing of interventions, and validation of clinical biomarkers. Here, we review animal models relevant to vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). A synopsis of each model was initially presented by expert practitioners. Synopses were refined by the authors, and subsequently by the scientific committee of a recent conference (International Conference on Vascular Dementia 2015). Only peer-reviewed sources were cited. METHODS We included models that mimic VCI-related brain lesions (white matter hypoperfusion injury, focal ischaemia, cerebral amyloid angiopathy) or reproduce VCI risk factors (old age, hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia, high-salt/high-fat diet) or reproduce genetic causes of VCI (CADASIL-causing Notch3 mutations). CONCLUSIONS We concluded that (1) translational models may reflect a VCI-relevant pathological process, while not fully replicating a human disease spectrum; (2) rodent models of VCI are limited by paucity of white matter; and (3) further translational models, and improved cognitive testing instruments, are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atticus H Hainsworth
- Clinical Neurosciences (J-0B) Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK. .,Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Stuart M Allan
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Johannes Boltze
- Department of Translational Medicine and Cell Technology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Catriona Cunningham
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Chad Farris
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Department of Pharmacology & Nutritional Sciences, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jeremy D Isaacs
- Clinical Neurosciences (J-0B) Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK.,Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Raj N Kalaria
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | | | - Mark B Moss
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Björn Nitzsche
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany.,Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gary A Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology, Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Julie W Rutten
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Melita Salkovic-Petrisic
- Department of Pharmacology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aron M Troen
- Institute of Biochemistry Food and Nutrition Science, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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18
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McCarthy JS, Rückle T, Djeriou E, Cantalloube C, Ter-Minassian D, Baker M, O'Rourke P, Griffin P, Marquart L, Hooft van Huijsduijnen R, Möhrle JJ. A Phase II pilot trial to evaluate safety and efficacy of ferroquine against early Plasmodium falciparum in an induced blood-stage malaria infection study. Malar J 2016; 15:469. [PMID: 27624471 PMCID: PMC5022189 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ferroquine (SSR97193) is a candidate anti-malarial currently undergoing clinical trials for malaria. To better understand its pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters the compound was tested in the experimentally induced blood stage malaria infection model in volunteers. Methods Male and non-pregnant female aged 18–50 years were screened for this phase II, controlled, single-centre clinical trial. Subjects were inoculated with ~1800 viable Plasmodium falciparum 3D7A-infected human erythrocytes, and treated with a single-dose of 800 mg ferroquine. Blood samples were taken at defined time-points to measure PK and PD parameters. The blood concentration of ferroquine and its active metabolite, SSR97213, were measured on dry blood spot samples by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Parasitaemia and emergence of gametocytes were monitored by quantitative PCR. Safety was determined by recording adverse events and monitoring clinical laboratory assessments during the course of the study. Results Eight subjects were enrolled into the study, inoculated with infected erythrocytes and treated with 800 mg ferroquine. Ferroquine was rapidly absorbed with maximal exposure after 4–8 and 4–12 h exposure for SSR97213. Non-compartmental PK analysis resulted in estimates for half-lives of 10.9 and 23.8 days for ferroquine and SSR97213, respectively. Parasite clearance as reported by parasite reduction ratio was 162.9 (95 % CI 141–188) corresponding to a parasite clearance half-life of 6.5 h (95 % CI: 6.4–6.7 h). PK/PD modelling resulted in a predicted minimal parasiticidal concentration of 20 ng/mL, and the single dosing tested in this study was predicted to maintain an exposure above this threshold for 454 h (37.8 days). Although ferroquine was overall well tolerated, transient elevated transaminase levels were observed in three subjects. Paracetamol was the only concomitant treatment among the two out of these three subjects that may have played a role in the elevated transaminases levels. No clinically significant ECG abnormalities were observed. Conclusions The parameters and PK/PD model derived from this study pave the way to the further rational development of ferroquine as an anti-malarial partner drug. The safety of ferroquine has to be further explored in controlled human trials. Trial registration anzctr.org.au (registration number: ACTRN12613001040752), registered 18/09/2013 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1511-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S McCarthy
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thomas Rückle
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, Route de Pré-Bois 20, 1215, Meyrin, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elhadj Djeriou
- Sanofi Aventis Recherche Développement, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | | | | | - Mark Baker
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, Route de Pré-Bois 20, 1215, Meyrin, Geneva, Switzerland.,Novartis Consumer Health SA, 2 route de l'Etraz, Case Postale 1279, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Peter O'Rourke
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paul Griffin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Mater Health Services, Brisbane, Australia.,Q-Pharm Pty Ltd, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Louise Marquart
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Jörg J Möhrle
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, Route de Pré-Bois 20, 1215, Meyrin, Geneva, Switzerland.
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19
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Maltbie E, Gopinath K, Urushino N, Kempf D, Howell L. Ketamine-induced brain activation in awake female nonhuman primates: a translational functional imaging model. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:961-72. [PMID: 26660447 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4175-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE There is significant interest in the NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine due to its efficacy in treating depressive disorders and its induction of psychotic-like symptoms that make it a useful tool for modeling psychosis. OBJECTIVE The present study extends the successful development of an apparatus and methodology to conduct pharmacological MRI studies in awake rhesus monkeys in order to evaluate the CNS effects of ketamine. METHODS Functional MRI scans were conducted in four awake adult female rhesus monkeys during sub-anesthetic intravenous (i.v.) infusions of ketamine (0.345 mg/kg bolus followed by 0.256 mg/kg/h constant infusion) with and without risperidone pretreatment (0.06 mg/kg). Statistical parametric maps of ketamine-induced blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) activation were obtained with appropriate general linear regression models (GLMs) incorporating motion and hemodynamics of ketamine infusion. RESULTS Ketamine infusion induced and sustained robust BOLD activation in a number of cortical and subcortical regions, including the thalamus, cingulate gyrus, and supplementary motor area. Pretreatment with the antipsychotic drug risperidone markedly blunted ketamine-induced activation in many brain areas. CONCLUSIONS The results are remarkably similar to human imaging studies showing ketamine-induced BOLD activation in many of the same brain areas, and pretreatment with risperidone or another antipsychotic blunting the ketamine response to a similar extent. The strong concordance of the functional imaging data in humans with these results from nonhuman primates highlights the translational value of the model and provides an excellent avenue for future research examining the CNS effects of ketamine. This model may also be a useful tool for evaluating the efficacy of novel antipsychotic drugs.
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20
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Abstract
In recent years, animal behavioral models, particularly those used in pain research, have been increasingly scrutinized and criticized for their role in the poor translation of novel pharmacotherapies for chronic pain. This chapter addresses the use of animal models of pain used in drug discovery research. It highlights how, when, and why animal models of pain are used as one of the many experimental tools used to gain better understanding of target mechanisms and rank-order compounds in the iterative process of establishing structure-activity relationship. Together, these models help create an "analgesic signature" for a compound and inform the indications most likely to yield success in clinical trials. In addition, the authors discuss some often underappreciated aspects of currently used (traditional) animal models of pain, including simply applying basic pharmacological principles to study design and data interpretation as well as consideration of efficacy alongside side effect measures as part of the overall conclusion of efficacy. This is provided to add perspective regarding current efforts to develop new models and endpoints both in rodents and in larger animal species as well as assess cognitive and/or affective aspects of pain. Finally, the authors suggest ways in which efficacy evaluation in animal models of pain, whether traditional or new, might better align with clinical standards of analysis, citing examples where applying effect size and number needed to treat estimations to animal model data suggest that the efficacy bar often may be set too low preclinically to allow successful translation to the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James D Pomonis
- American Preclinical Services, LLC, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Whiteside GT, Pomonis JD, Kennedy JD. An industry perspective on the role and utility of animal models of pain in drug discovery. Neurosci Lett 2013; 557 Pt A:65-72. [PMID: 23994390 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, animal behavioral models, particularly those used in pain research, have been increasingly scrutinized and criticized for their role in the poor translation of novel pharmacotherapies for chronic pain. This article addresses the use of animal models of pain from the perspective of industrial drug discovery research. It highlights how, when, and why animal models of pain are used as one of the many experimental tools used to gain better understanding of target mechanisms and rank-order compounds in the iterative process of establishing structure-activity relationships (SAR). Together, these models help create an 'analgesic signature' for a compound and inform the indications most likely to yield success in clinical trials. In addition, the authors discuss some often under-appreciated aspects of currently used (traditional) animal models of pain, including how industry balances efficacy with side effect measures as part of the overall conclusion of efficacy. This is provided to add perspective regarding current efforts to develop new models and endpoints both in rodents and larger animal species as well as assess cognitive and/or affective aspects of pain. Finally, the authors suggest ways in which efficacy evaluation in animal models of pain, whether traditional or new, might better align with clinical standards of analysis, citing examples where applying effect size and NNT estimations to animal model data suggest that the efficacy bar often may be set too low preclinically to allow successful translation to the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth T Whiteside
- Discovery Research, Purdue Pharma L.P., 6 Cedar Brook Drive, Cranbury, NJ 08512, United States
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McGonigle P, Ruggeri B. Animal models of human disease: challenges in enabling translation. Biochem Pharmacol. 2014;87:162-171. [PMID: 23954708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Animal models have historically played a critical role in the exploration and characterization of disease pathophysiology, target identification, and in the in vivo evaluation of novel therapeutic agents and treatments. In the wake of numerous clinical trial failures of new chemical entities (NCEs) with promising preclinical profiles, animal models in all therapeutic areas have been increasingly criticized for their limited ability to predict NCE efficacy, safety and toxicity in humans. The present review discusses some of the challenges associated with the evaluation and predictive validation of animal models, as well as methodological flaws in both preclinical and clinical study designs that may contribute to the current translational failure rate. The testing of disease hypotheses and NCEs in multiple disease models necessitates evaluation of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationships and the earlier development of validated disease-associated biomarkers to assess target engagement and NCE efficacy. Additionally, the transparent integration of efficacy and safety data derived from animal models into the hierarchical data sets generated preclinically is essential in order to derive a level of predictive utility consistent with the degree of validation and inherent limitations of current animal models. The predictive value of an animal model is thus only as useful as the context in which it is interpreted. Finally, rather than dismissing animal models as not very useful in the drug discovery process, additional resources, like those successfully used in the preclinical PK assessment used for the selection of lead NCEs, must be focused on improving existing and developing new animal models.
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