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Bağatarhan T, Siyez DM, Vazsonyi AT. The Importance of Narcissism and Impulsivity for Bullying and Cyberbullying Perpetration. Violence Vict 2023; 38:879-896. [PMID: 37989530 DOI: 10.1891/vv-2022-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Bullying and cyberbullying remain serious public health concerns threatening the well-being of adolescents. The current study tested the links between narcissism and impulsivity and measures of both bullying and cyberbullying perpetration. Data were collected from 575 Turkish adolescents (54.4% female, M age = 15.86, SD = 1.15). Hierarchical logistic regressions tested the main study hypotheses. Findings showed that narcissism and impulsivity were each independently and additively positively associated with both bullying and cyberbullying perpetration. Findings from a competing, ex post facto alternative model provided evidence that impulsivity was a mediator in the narcissism-bullying perpetration (partial) and the narcissism-cyberbullying perpetration links (full). Findings highlight the importance of considering both narcissism and impulsivity in evaluating the factors contributing to both forms of bullying behaviors, which has important prevention and intervention effort implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Bağatarhan
- Ministry of National Education, İstiklal Kindergarten, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Diğdem Müge Siyez
- Department of Counseling and Guidance, Buca Faculty of Education, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
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2
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He M, Zhan X, Liu C, Li L, Zhao X, Ren L, Li K, Luo X. The relationship between self-control and mental health problems among Chinese university students. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1224427. [PMID: 38026364 PMCID: PMC10644003 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1224427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mental health issues are often associated with poor self-control. Therefore, effective interventions against mental health problems should include self-control training. However, it is unclear whether the effect of self-control varies across different types of mental health problems. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted using the convenience sampling method at five universities in Chongqing, China, where 1,409 students reported their demographic information, level of self-control, and symptoms of irritability, depression, and anxiety. Descriptive statistical methods and a network analysis approach were employed to explore the relationship between self-control and symptoms of irritability, depression, and anxiety among 1,409 students. The bridging links between self-control and the three mental health problems were analyzed. Results The findings revealed a negative correlation between self-control and symptoms of irritability, depression, and anxiety among university students. Impulse control was found to be the bridge between self-control and irritability or anxiety symptoms, while resistance to temptation was the bridge between self-control and depressive symptoms. Conclusion These results demonstrate the different relationship between self-control with irritability, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. The findings of this study may shed light on future mental health interventions for university students during potential public health emergencies, such as prior knowledge of the main types of psychological problems among university students, which may allow for the development of precise self-control intervention strategies, such as targeting impulsivity or resistance to temptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu He
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhan
- Medical English Department, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Brain Park, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ling Li
- College of General Education, Chongqing Water Resources and Electric Engineering College, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhao
- College of General Education, Chongqing Water Resources and Electric Engineering College, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Military Psychology Section, Logistics University of PAP, Tianjin, China
- Military Mental Health Services and Research Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Kuiliang Li
- Medical English Department, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Medical English Department, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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3
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Fusaroli M, Giunchi V, Battini V, Gringeri M, Rimondini R, Menchetti M, Radice S, Pozzi M, Nobile M, Clementi E, De Ponti F, Carnovale C, Raschi E, Poluzzi E. Exploring the underlying mechanisms of drug-induced impulse control disorders: a pharmacovigilance-pharmacodynamic study. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 77:160-167. [PMID: 36436204 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Impulse control disorders (e.g. pathological gambling, hypersexuality) may develop as adverse reactions to drugs. Pathogenetic hypotheses have mainly focused on D3-receptor agonism, and switching to alternatives with different pharmacologic mechanisms represents a common management strategy. Nonetheless, treatment failure is common and gaining pathophysiological insights is needed. AIM We aimed to identify targets potentially contributing to pathologic impulsivity. METHOD We performed a pharmacovigilance-pharmacodynamic study on dopamine agonists and antipsychotics using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (January 2004-December 2021). We estimated disproportionate reporting using the Bayesian information component. Using online public databases (IUPHAR, ChEMBL, PDSP, DrugBank), we calculated drug occupancies. To identify the targets potentially contributing to impulsivity, we fitted univariate regression models interpolating information components and occupancies within dopamine agonists and antipsychotics. Sensitivity analyses were performed to check for the robustness of the results. RESULTS Among 19 887 reports of impulsivity, 5898 recorded an antipsychotic, and 3100 a dopamine agonist. The more robust signals concerned aripiprazole (N = 3091; median information component [95% confidence interval] = 4.51[4.45-4.55]) and brexpiprazole (229; 4.00[3.78-4.16]) for antipsychotics, pergolide (105; 5.82[5.50-6.06]) and pramipexole (2009; 5.43[5.36-5.48]) for dopamine agonists. Robust, significant positive associations between drug occupancy and impulsivity reporting were found for D3 within dopamine agonists (beta = 1.52; P-value = 0.047) and 5-HT1a within antipsychotics (1.92, 0.029). CONCLUSION Our results supported the role of D3-receptor agonism in inducing impulsivity in dopamine receptor agonists and identified a potential role of 5-HT1a receptor agonism in antipsychotics. Investigating these receptors may drive towards a better management of drug-induced impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fusaroli
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Giunchi
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vera Battini
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Gringeri
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Rimondini
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Menchetti
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna
| | - Sonia Radice
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Pozzi
- Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini (LC), Italy
| | - Maria Nobile
- Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini (LC), Italy
| | - Emilio Clementi
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini (LC), Italy
| | - Fabrizio De Ponti
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla Carnovale
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuel Raschi
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Poluzzi
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Zhou H, Hung EPW, Xie L, Yuan Z, Wu AMS. The Application of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Model to Gambling Urge and Involvement. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14738. [PMID: 36429457 PMCID: PMC9690756 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drawing on the intolerance of uncertainty model, this study aimed to examine whether intolerance of uncertainty and emotion regulation difficulties (in terms of impulse control difficulties and limited access to emotion regulation strategies) contributed to individual differences in gambling urge and involvement. METHODS Convenience sampling was used to recruit Chinese adult participants who had engaged in buying lottery tickets and other gambling activities in the past year. They were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire survey, and a total of 580 valid cases (Mage = 34.07, SD = 13.36; 50.4% female) were collected for data analysis. RESULTS Path analysis showed that the total effect of intolerance of uncertainty on gambling urge and involvement was significant and positive. However, only impulse control difficulties and not limited access to emotion regulation strategies fully mediated the effect of intolerance of uncertainty. CONCLUSIONS As the first study to apply the intolerance of uncertainty model to real-life gambling, it found that individuals' intolerance of uncertainty and impulse control difficulties contributed to more gambling urge and involvement. Improving emotion regulation skill (e.g., impulse control training) may, therefore, be considered in programs for promoting responsible gambling among Chinese gamblers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Eva P. W. Hung
- Department of Social Science, The Hang Seng University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Xie
- School of Pre-School Education, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, China
- Bioimaging Core, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Anise M. S. Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, China
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5
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Śmigasiewicz K, Ambrosi S, Blaye A, Burle B. Developmental changes in impulse control: Trial-by-trial EMG dissociates the evolution of impulse strength from its subsequent suppression. Dev Sci 2022; 25:e13273. [PMID: 35470516 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Goal-oriented behavior can be disrupted by irrelevant information that automatically activates incorrect responses. While behavioral errors reveal response capture in such situations, they are only the tip of the iceberg. Additional subliminal activations of the incorrect responses (partial errors) can be revealed on correctly responded trials thanks to electromyography (EMG). In the current study, for the first time, EMG recorded in children was combined with distributional analyses. This allowed to investigate the properties of incorrect response activations and to highlight developmental changes in impulse control. A sample of 114 children aged 6-14 years was studied. Children performed a Simon task in which the irrelevant stimulus-position automatically activates a response that might be compatible or incompatible with the correct one. On incompatible trials, the automatic response activation must be overcome by controlled response selection. As previously observed in adults, our approach revealed the presence of an automatic EMG activation of the incorrect response elicited by the irrelevant stimulus dimension. Further, it revealed another independent source at the origin of incorrect response activations: the tendency to guess for response alternation. Both sources increased the frequency of early incorrect EMG activations, indicating impulsive responding. In addition, the influence of both sources decreased with increasing age. Thus, development is marked by improved ability to manage distractibility on the one hand and decreased tendency to rely on a guessing strategy on the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Śmigasiewicz
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Solène Ambrosi
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Agnès Blaye
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Boris Burle
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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6
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Waskowiak P, Koppelmans V, Ruitenberg MFL. Trait Anxiety as a Risk Factor for Impulse Control Disorders in de novo Parkinson's Disease. J Parkinsons Dis 2022; 12:689-697. [PMID: 34897102 PMCID: PMC8925112 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to the well-known motor symptoms, patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) also frequently experience disabling non-motor symptoms including impulse control disorders (ICDs). ICDs are characterized by a loss of voluntary control over impulses, drives, or temptations regarding excessive hedonic behavior. OBJECTIVE The present study examined whether depression and anxiety in de novo PD patients predict the prospective development of ICDs. METHODS We selected 330 de novo PD patients from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative database who were free of ICDs at the start of the study. ICD presence at baseline and follow-up assessments was evaluated via the shortened version of the Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders (QUIP-S). Baseline depression and anxiety were measured via the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y), respectively. RESULTS A total of 149 participants (45.2%) developed an ICD at follow-up and average time of ICD onset was 35 months after baseline. Results of a Cox regression analysis showed that STAI-Y scores but not GDS-15 scores significantly predicted ICD presence. Specifically, scores reflecting higher trait anxiety were associated with an increased risk of developing an ICD. This effect was not confounded by age, gender or UPDRS motor score. We also replicated the well-established result that dopamine agonist use is predictive of ICDs. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that higher anxiety levels in de novo PD patients represent a risk factor for ICD development during the course of the disorder. This highlights the need for early and routine based anxiety screening in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Waskowiak
- Department of Health, Medical and Neuropsychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marit F L Ruitenberg
- Department of Health, Medical and Neuropsychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands
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7
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Reichl D, Enewoldsen N, Weisel KK, Fuhrmann L, Lang C, Saur S, Berking M, Zink M, Ahnert A, Falkai P, Kraus T, Hillemacher T, Müller FN, Kornhuber J, Bönsch D, Kerkemeyer L, Steins-Loeber S. Association of impulsivity with quality of life and well-being after alcohol withdrawal treatment. J Clin Psychol 2022; 78:1451-1462. [PMID: 35045188 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Impulsivity is related to a higher risk of relapse in alcohol use disorders. However, besides drinking behavior, other recovery outcomes like physical and mental health-related quality of life are at least as important. The present study aimed to fill a research gap regarding the association of different impulsivity facets with health-related quality of life and well-being in alcohol use disorder. METHODS Individuals with a primary alcohol use disorder diagnosis (n = 167) were interviewed with standardized self-report measures at the progressed stage of their withdrawal treatment and 6 weeks thereafter. Multiple regression models were calculated to examine the association of impulsivity, craving, and drinking patterns with health-related quality of life and well-being 6 weeks after withdrawal treatment, as well as the predictive role of impulsivity assessed during withdrawal for these two outcomes. RESULTS Craving was associated with health-related quality of life and well-being 6 weeks after withdrawal. Likewise, non-planning and attentional impulsivity were associated with well-being 6 weeks after withdrawal. Motor impulsivity during withdrawal treatment predicted health-related quality of life 6 weeks thereafter. CONCLUSION Impulsivity seems to be negatively related to health-related quality of life and well-being in the first weeks after alcohol withdrawal treatment, probably to a higher extent than drinking patterns, but differentiating between its facets seems to be important. These findings emphasize the importance of treatment approaches aiming at reduced impulsivity in the early recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Reichl
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich University, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Niklas Enewoldsen
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich University, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Kiona K Weisel
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Fuhrmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany.,Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Bezirksklinikum Ansbach, Ansbach, Germany
| | - Catharina Lang
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Saur
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Berking
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mathias Zink
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Sucht, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Klinikum am Europakanal, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ahnert
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Bezirksklinikum Ansbach, Ansbach, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, LMU-Klinikum, München, Germany
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Frankenalb-Klinik Engelthal, Engelthal, Germany
| | - Thomas Hillemacher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Felix-N Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Psychiatrische und Psychotherapeutische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominikus Bönsch
- Krankenhaus für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatische Medizin, Bezirkskrankenhaus Lohr, Lohr am Main, Germany
| | - Linda Kerkemeyer
- Institute for Applied Health Services Research (inav), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Steins-Loeber
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich University, Bamberg, Germany
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8
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Reichl D, Enewoldsen N, Weisel KK, Saur S, Fuhrmann L, Lang C, Berking M, Zink M, Ahnert A, Falkai P, Kraus T, Hillemacher T, Müller FN, Lins S, Bönsch D, Kerkemeyer L, Steins-Loeber S. Lower Emotion Regulation Competencies Mediate the Association between Impulsivity and Craving during Alcohol Withdrawal Treatment. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:649-655. [PMID: 35142599 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2034878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that craving mediates the relationship between Impulsive Personality Traits (IPTs) and relapse during the treatment of an Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). To provide tailored interventions, a deeper understanding of the relation between IPTs and craving, namely mediating processes, is important. Based on previous literature, we proposed that lower emotion regulation competencies mediate the relation between attentional as well as non-planning IPTs and craving. To investigate these interrelations, we used data from the baseline assessment (n = 320) of the SmartAssistEntz project (pre-registered in the German Clinical Trials Register [DRKS00017700]). Inpatients with a primary AUD diagnosis were interviewed using standardized self-report measures (IPTs: BIS-15, emotion regulation competencies: ERSQ, craving: OCDS-G short version) during their withdrawal treatment. Indirect effects were calculated using the SPSS macro PROCESS v3.5. Attentional as well as non-planning, but not motor, IPTs were associated with craving. Emotion regulation competencies mediated the relationship between attentional as well as non-planning IPTs and craving. Given their mediating role in the present study, it is interesting to investigate if addressing emotion regulation competencies can mitigate the negative influences of attentional and non-planning IPTs. The direct effect of attentional IPTs implicates alternate mediating processes, which should also be investigated in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Reichl
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich University Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Niklas Enewoldsen
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich University Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Kiona K Weisel
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Saur
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Fuhrmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Klinik für Psychiatrie, Sucht, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Klinikum am Europakanal, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Catharina Lang
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Berking
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mathias Zink
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Bezirksklinikum Ansbach, Ansbach, Germany
| | - Andreas Ahnert
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Sucht, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Klinikum am Europakanal, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, LMU-Klinikum, München, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Hillemacher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Felix-N Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Lins
- Psychiatrische und Psychotherapeutische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominikus Bönsch
- Krankenhaus für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatische Medizin, Bezirkskrankenhaus Lohr, Lohr am Main, Germany
| | - Linda Kerkemeyer
- inav - Institute for Applied Health Services Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Steins-Loeber
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich University Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
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9
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Gonçalves SF, Chaplin TM, López R, Regalario IM, Niehaus CE, McKnight PE, Stults-Kolehmainen M, Sinha R, Ansell EB. High-Frequency Heart Rate Variability and Emotion-Driven Impulse Control Difficulties During Adolescence: Examining Experienced and Expressed Negative Emotion as Moderators. J Early Adolesc 2021; 41:1151-1176. [PMID: 35197657 PMCID: PMC8863321 DOI: 10.1177/0272431620983453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Emotion-driven impulse control difficulties are associated with negative psychological outcomes. Extant research suggests that high frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) may be indicative of emotion-driven impulse control difficulties and potentially moderated by negative emotion. In the current study, 248 eleven- to 14-year-olds and their parent engaged in a negatively emotionally arousing conflict task at Time 1. Adolescents' HF-HRV and negative emotional expression and experience were assessed before, during, and/or after the task. Adolescents reported on their levels of emotion-driven impulse control difficulties at Time 1 and one year later. Results revealed that higher levels of HF-HRV reactivity (i.e., higher HF-HRV augmentation) predicted higher levels of emotion-driven impulse control difficulties one year later among adolescents who experienced higher negative emotion. These findings suggest that negative emotional context should be considered when examining HF-HRV reactivity as a risk factor for emotion-driven impulse control difficulties and associated outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie F. Gonçalves
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, 22030, United States
| | - Tara M. Chaplin
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, 22030, United States
| | - Roberto López
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, 22030, United States
| | - Irene M. Regalario
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, 22030, United States
| | - Claire E. Niehaus
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, 22030, United States
| | - Patrick E. McKnight
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, 22030, United States
| | | | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06519, United States
| | - Emily B. Ansell
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States
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10
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Amalric M, Pattij T, Sotiropoulos I, Silva JM, Sousa N, Ztaou S, Chiamulera C, Wahlberg LU, Emerich DF, Paolone G. Where Dopaminergic and Cholinergic Systems Interact: A Gateway for Tuning Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:661973. [PMID: 34366802 PMCID: PMC8340002 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.661973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, many investigations into neurodegenerative diseases have focused on alterations in specific neuronal populations such as, for example, the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) and loss of cholinergic transmission in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it has become increasingly clear that mammalian brain activities, from executive and motor functioning to memory and emotional responses, are strictly regulated by the integrity of multiple interdependent neuronal circuits. Among subcortical structures, the dopaminergic nigrostriatal and mesolimbic pathways as well as cholinergic innervation from basal forebrain and brainstem, play pivotal roles in orchestrating cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms in PD and AD. Understanding the functional interactions of these circuits and the consequent neurological changes that occur during degeneration provides new opportunities to understand the fundamental inter-workings of the human brain as well as develop new potential treatments for patients with dysfunctional neuronal circuits. Here, excerpted from a session of the European Behavioral Pharmacology Society meeting (Braga, Portugal, August 2019), we provide an update on our recent work in behavioral and cellular neuroscience that primarily focuses on interactions between cholinergic and dopaminergic systems in PD models, as well as stress in AD. These brief discussions include descriptions of (1) striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs) and PD, (2) dopaminergic and cholinergic modulation of impulse control, and (3) the use of an implantable cell-based system for drug delivery directly the into brain and (4) the mechanisms through which day life stress, a risk factor for AD, damage protein and RNA homeostasis leading to AD neuronal malfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Amalric
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7291, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Aix-Marseille University (AMU), Marseille, France
| | - Tommy Pattij
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ioannis Sotiropoulos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana M. Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Samira Ztaou
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7291, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Aix-Marseille University (AMU), Marseille, France
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Cristiano Chiamulera
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Section of Pharmacology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanna Paolone
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Section of Pharmacology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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11
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McCabe CJ, Wall TL, Gonzalez MR, Meruelo AD, Eberson-Shumate SC, Clark DB, Nooner KB, Brown SA, Tapert SF. Associations of developmental imbalance between sensation seeking and premeditation in adolescence and heavy episodic drinking in emerging adulthood. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:1249-1264. [PMID: 33991389 PMCID: PMC8254779 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dual systems theories suggest that greater imbalance between higher reward sensitivity and lower cognitive control across adolescence conveys risk for behaviors such as heavy episodic drinking (HED). Prior research demonstrated that psychological analogues of these systems, sensation seeking and premeditation, change from childhood through emerging adulthood, and each has been independently linked with HED. However, few studies have assessed whether change over time in these developing analogues is prospectively associated with HED. Moreover, we know of no research that has shown whether within-person differences between higher sensation seeking and relatively lower premeditation across the adolescent period predict HED in emerging adulthood. METHODS Prospective data from the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence study (n = 715) were used to examine the association of sensation seeking and premeditation with HED among adolescents ages 16 to 20 years. We used novel applications of latent difference score modeling and growth curve analysis to test whether increasing sensation seeking, premeditation, and their imbalance over time are associated with HED across the study period, and whether these associations differed by sex. RESULTS Whereas premeditation increased linearly from adolescence through emerging adulthood across sexes, males reported growth and females reported decline in sensation seeking. Sensation seeking in adolescence (and not premeditation) was associated with higher levels of HED by emerging adulthood. Importantly, greater imbalance between sensation seeking and premeditation was associated with higher levels of HED by emerging adulthood though we note that variability capturing this imbalance correlated highly (r = 0.86) with baseline levels of sensation seeking. CONCLUSIONS Developmental imbalance between higher sensation seeking and lower premeditation in late adolescence may be a risk factor for greater HED in emerging adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kate B. Nooner
- University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
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12
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Gildner DJ, Kirwan M, Pickett SM, Parkhill MR. Impulse Control Difficulties and Hostility Toward Women as Predictors of Relationship Violence Perpetration in an Undergraduate Male Sample. J Interpers Violence 2021; 36:NP4653-NP4678. [PMID: 30136870 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518792972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Relationship violence in college students continues to be an important social problem. Prior research has identified several risk factors for relationship violence including trauma exposure, impulse control difficulties, and hostility toward women; however, previous research assessing these variables has mainly focused on bivariate relationships, with little work attempting to connect multiple correlates to relationship violence while utilizing a theoretical, interactive approach. The purpose of this study was to simultaneously examine several correlates of relationship violence (i.e., hostility toward women, trauma exposure, and impulse control difficulties), and to examine male perpetration of relationship violence among a sample of male college students using a cross-sectional design. It was hypothesized that among men in this sample, hostility toward women and trauma exposure would moderate the relationship between impulse control difficulties and relationship violence. The findings suggested that college-aged men, who have high impulse control difficulties, high hostility toward women, and who have multiple trauma exposures, may be more likely to perpetrate relationship violence against a female intimate partner than those who are low in impulse control difficulties, report low levels of hostility toward women, or report fewer or no trauma exposures. Thus, the current study suggests that exposure to trauma predisposes men with specific attributes to relationship violence, which may provide a treatment target for future intervention programs.
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13
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Hasler BP, Soehner AM, Wallace ML, Logan RW, Ngari W, Forbes EE, Buysse DJ, Clark DB. Experimentally imposed circadian misalignment alters the neural response to monetary rewards and response inhibition in healthy adolescents. Psychol Med 2021; 52:1-9. [PMID: 33729109 PMCID: PMC8935965 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721000787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep and circadian timing shifts later during adolescence, conflicting with early school start times, and resulting in circadian misalignment. Although circadian misalignment has been linked to depression, substance use, and altered reward function, a paucity of experimental studies precludes the determination of causality. Here we tested, for the first time, whether experimentally-imposed circadian misalignment alters the neural response to monetary reward and/or response inhibition. METHODS Healthy adolescents (n = 25, ages 13-17) completed two in-lab sleep schedules in counterbalanced order: An 'aligned' condition based on typical summer sleep-wake times (0000-0930) and a 'misaligned' condition mimicking earlier school year sleep-wake times (2000-0530). Participants completed morning and afternoon functional magnetic resonance imaging scans during each condition, including monetary reward (morning only) and response inhibition (morning and afternoon) tasks. Total sleep time and circadian phase were assessed via actigraphy and salivary melatonin, respectively. RESULTS Bilateral ventral striatal (VS) activation during reward outcome was lower during the Misaligned condition after accounting for the prior night's total sleep time. Bilateral VS activation during reward anticipation was lower during the Misaligned condition, including after accounting for covariates, but did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Right inferior frontal gyrus activation during response inhibition was lower during the Misaligned condition, before and after accounting for total sleep time and vigilant attention, but only during the morning scan. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide novel experimental evidence that circadian misalignment analogous to that resulting from school schedules may have measurable impacts on healthy adolescents' reward processing and inhibition of prepotent responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brant P. Hasler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Adriane M. Soehner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Meredith L. Wallace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ryan W. Logan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics,
Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Wambui Ngari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Erika E. Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Daniel J. Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Duncan B. Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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14
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Rodríguez-Menchón M, Morales A, Orgilés M, Espada JP. Validation and Adaptation of the Brief Self-Control Scale With Spanish Adolescents: Factorial Structure and Evidences of Reliability, Validity, and Factor Invariance Across Gender and Age. Assessment 2021; 29:949-961. [PMID: 33629588 DOI: 10.1177/1073191121996470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
During adolescence, the difficulty to control impulses is especially notable. The Brief Self-Control Scale has been used in different countries for years to study associations between self-control and other variables. However, its factor structure is not completely clear, and it is necessary to have a scale with psychometric assurances that evaluates self-control in adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine the factorial structure of the Brief Self-Control Scale and to provide evidences of reliability, validity, and factor invariance across gender and age in a sample of Spanish adolescents. Participants were 693 adolescents from Southeastern Spain, aged 13 to 18 years. Data supported an excellent fit to a two-dimensional model and evidences of reliability, validity and factor invariance across gender and age were obtained. This study provides new data on the two-dimensionality of self-control. The need of this tool becomes increasingly relevant to the susceptibility of new emerging addictions, such as mobile phones or internet.
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15
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Wen H, Sobolev M, Vitale R, Kizer J, Pollak JP, Muench F, Estrin D. mPulse Mobile Sensing Model for Passive Detection of Impulsive Behavior: Exploratory Prediction Study. JMIR Ment Health 2021; 8:e25019. [PMID: 33502330 PMCID: PMC7875694 DOI: 10.2196/25019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobile health technology has demonstrated the ability of smartphone apps and sensors to collect data pertaining to patient activity, behavior, and cognition. It also offers the opportunity to understand how everyday passive mobile metrics such as battery life and screen time relate to mental health outcomes through continuous sensing. Impulsivity is an underlying factor in numerous physical and mental health problems. However, few studies have been designed to help us understand how mobile sensors and self-report data can improve our understanding of impulsive behavior. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore the feasibility of using mobile sensor data to detect and monitor self-reported state impulsivity and impulsive behavior passively via a cross-platform mobile sensing application. METHODS We enrolled 26 participants who were part of a larger study of impulsivity to take part in a real-world, continuous mobile sensing study over 21 days on both Apple operating system (iOS) and Android platforms. The mobile sensing system (mPulse) collected data from call logs, battery charging, and screen checking. To validate the model, we used mobile sensing features to predict common self-reported impulsivity traits, objective mobile behavioral and cognitive measures, and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) of state impulsivity and constructs related to impulsive behavior (ie, risk-taking, attention, and affect). RESULTS Overall, the findings suggested that passive measures of mobile phone use such as call logs, battery charging, and screen checking can predict different facets of trait and state impulsivity and impulsive behavior. For impulsivity traits, the models significantly explained variance in sensation seeking, planning, and lack of perseverance traits but failed to explain motor, urgency, lack of premeditation, and attention traits. Passive sensing features from call logs, battery charging, and screen checking were particularly useful in explaining and predicting trait-based sensation seeking. On a daily level, the model successfully predicted objective behavioral measures such as present bias in delay discounting tasks, commission and omission errors in a cognitive attention task, and total gains in a risk-taking task. Our models also predicted daily EMA questions on positivity, stress, productivity, healthiness, and emotion and affect. Perhaps most intriguingly, the model failed to predict daily EMA designed to measure previous-day impulsivity using face-valid questions. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated the potential for developing trait and state impulsivity phenotypes and detecting impulsive behavior from everyday mobile phone sensors. Limitations of the current research and suggestions for building more precise passive sensing models are discussed. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03006653; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03006653.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Wen
- Cornell Tech, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael Sobolev
- Cornell Tech, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States.,Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Rachel Vitale
- The Partnership to End Addiction, New York, NY, United States
| | - James Kizer
- Cornell Tech, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - J P Pollak
- Cornell Tech, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Deborah Estrin
- Cornell Tech, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
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16
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Sobolev M, Vitale R, Wen H, Kizer J, Leeman R, Pollak JP, Baumel A, Vadhan NP, Estrin D, Muench F. The Digital Marshmallow Test (DMT) Diagnostic and Monitoring Mobile Health App for Impulsive Behavior: Development and Validation Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e25018. [PMID: 33480854 PMCID: PMC7837672 DOI: 10.2196/25018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The classic Marshmallow Test, where children were offered a choice between one small but immediate reward (eg, one marshmallow) or a larger reward (eg, two marshmallows) if they waited for a period of time, instigated a wealth of research on the relationships among impulsive responding, self-regulation, and clinical and life outcomes. Impulsivity is a hallmark feature of self-regulation failures that lead to poor health decisions and outcomes, making understanding and treating impulsivity one of the most important constructs to tackle in building a culture of health. Despite a large literature base, impulsivity measurement remains difficult due to the multidimensional nature of the construct and limited methods of assessment in daily life. Mobile devices and the rise of mobile health (mHealth) have changed our ability to assess and intervene with individuals remotely, providing an avenue for ambulatory diagnostic testing and interventions. Longitudinal studies with mobile devices can further help to understand impulsive behaviors and variation in state impulsivity in daily life. Objective The aim of this study was to develop and validate an impulsivity mHealth diagnostics and monitoring app called Digital Marshmallow Test (DMT) using both the Apple and Android platforms for widespread dissemination to researchers, clinicians, and the general public. Methods The DMT app was developed using Apple’s ResearchKit (iOS) and Android’s ResearchStack open source frameworks for developing health research study apps. The DMT app consists of three main modules: self-report, ecological momentary assessment, and active behavioral and cognitive tasks. We conducted a study with a 21-day assessment period (N=116 participants) to validate the novel measures of the DMT app. Results We used a semantic differential scale to develop self-report trait and momentary state measures of impulsivity as part of the DMT app. We identified three state factors (inefficient, thrill seeking, and intentional) that correlated highly with established measures of impulsivity. We further leveraged momentary semantic differential questions to examine intraindividual variability, the effect of daily life, and the contextual effect of mood on state impulsivity and daily impulsive behaviors. Our results indicated validation of the self-report sematic differential and related results, and of the mobile behavioral tasks, including the Balloon Analogue Risk Task and Go-No-Go task, with relatively low validity of the mobile Delay Discounting task. We discuss the design implications of these results to mHealth research. Conclusions This study demonstrates the potential for assessing different facets of trait and state impulsivity during everyday life and in clinical settings using the DMT mobile app. The DMT app can be further used to enhance our understanding of the individual facets that underlie impulsive behaviors, as well as providing a promising avenue for digital interventions. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03006653; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03006653
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sobolev
- Cornell Tech, Cornell University, New York City, NY, United States.,Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY, United States
| | - Rachel Vitale
- The Partnership to End Addiction, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hongyi Wen
- Cornell Tech, Cornell University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - James Kizer
- Cornell Tech, Cornell University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Robert Leeman
- College of Health and Human Performance, Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, United States
| | - J P Pollak
- Cornell Tech, Cornell University, New York City, NY, United States
| | | | - Nehal P Vadhan
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY, United States
| | - Deborah Estrin
- Cornell Tech, Cornell University, New York City, NY, United States
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17
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Kaur K, Mearns J. Negative mood regulation expectancies moderate the effect of childhood maltreatment on compulsive buying. J Clin Psychol 2021; 77:1116-1130. [PMID: 33420747 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Two studies investigated childhood maltreatment, alexithymia-the inability to identify one's mood-and negative mood regulation expectancies (NMRE)-confidence that one can alleviate one's negative moods-as predictors of compulsive buying (CB). METHOD Participants were recruited from internet CB forums and undergraduate psychology classes. Online, they completed questionnaires and a behavioral task that assessed impulsive spending. RESULTS In Study 1 (N = 646), analyses indicated that NMRE, alexithymia, and childhood maltreatment were significant independent predictors of CB. For Study 2, a subset of participants from the Study 1 pool (N = 295) who met the criterion for clinical levels of CB were selected, based on their self-report. Analyses revealed that NMRE buffered the effect of maltreatment: among participants with high NMRE-higher levels of maltreatment were associated with minimal increases in CB and impulsive spending behavior. CONCLUSION Being confident that one can control one's unpleasant moods was a protective factor from the maladaptive consequences of childhood maltreatment. Increasing NMRE early in psychotherapy for CB may result in clients' using more adaptive coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kaur
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jack Mearns
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Fullerton, California, USA
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18
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Schaich A, Assmann N, Köhne S, Alvarez-Fischer D, Borgwardt S, Schweiger U, Klein JP, Faßbinder E. The mediating effect of difficulties in emotion regulation on the association between childhood maltreatment and borderline personality disorder. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:1934300. [PMID: 34408815 PMCID: PMC8366657 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1934300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment and difficulties in emotion regulation are common in patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Depressive Disorders (DD). OBJECTIVE This study examines differences between patients with BPD and patients with DD, regarding childhood maltreatment and difficulties in emotion regulation as well as the mediating effect of different aspects of emotion regulation deficits on the association between childhood maltreatment and BPD-symptoms. METHOD A total of 305 participants, 177 with BPD and 128 with DD completed an assessment including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). Data was analyzed using multiple analyses of variances and mediation analyses. RESULTS Patients with BPD reported more childhood maltreatment and more difficulties in emotion regulation than patients with DD. When general symptom severity, age, and gender were included in the analysis as covariates only group differences regarding 'impulse control difficulties' (F(1,299) = 38.97, p < .001, ηp2 = .115), 'limited access to emotion regulation strategies' (F(1,299) = 4.66, p = .032, ηp2 = .015), and 'lack of emotional clarity' (F(1,299) = 9.38, p = .002, ηp2 = .030) remained statistically significant. A mediation analysis, including above-mentioned covariates, indicated an association between emotional abuse and BPD-symptoms, which was mediated by difficulties in emotion regulation (indirect effect B = .012, 95% CI [.001; .031], R2 = .429). Subscale analyses revealed 'impulse control difficulties' as the aspect of difficulties in emotion regulation that has the greatest impact on this association (B = .021, 95% CI [.003; .045]). CONCLUSIONS Patients with BPD display more childhood maltreatment and difficulties in emotion regulation than patients with DD. Difficulties in emotion regulation, especially difficulties in impulse control, seem to play an important role in the association between childhood emotional abuse and BPD-symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schaich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, LübeckGermany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nele Assmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, LübeckGermany
| | - Sandra Köhne
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, LübeckGermany
| | | | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, LübeckGermany
| | - Ulrich Schweiger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, LübeckGermany
| | - Jan Philipp Klein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, LübeckGermany
| | - Eva Faßbinder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, LübeckGermany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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19
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Plessow F, Marengi DA, Perry SK, Lawson EA. Oxytocin Administration Increases Proactive Control in Men with Overweight or Obesity: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:56-61. [PMID: 33225615 PMCID: PMC8695366 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that oxytocin administration decreases food intake and weight. The mechanisms underlying the anorexigenic effects of oxytocin in humans are unknown but critical to study to consider oxytocin as a neurohormonal weight loss treatment. Complementing ongoing research into metabolic and food motivation mechanisms of oxytocin, this study hypothesized that in humans, oxytocin improves cognitive control over behavior. METHODS In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of 24-IU single-dose intranasal oxytocin, 10 men with overweight or obesity completed a stop-signal task assessing ability and strategy to suppress behavioral impulses, in which they performed a choice-reaction task (go task) but had to withhold their response when prompted (stop task). It was hypothesized that oxytocin would improve suppression of behavioral impulses. RESULTS After receiving oxytocin, compared with placebo, participants showed increased reaction times in the go task (mean [M] = 936 milliseconds vs. 833 millseconds; P = 0.012; 95% CI: 29 to 178) and displayed fewer stop errors (M = 36.41% vs. 41.15%; P = 0.049; 95% CI: -9.43% to -0.03%). CONCLUSIONS Oxytocin triggers increased proactive control over behavior. Future studies need to further characterize the impact of oxytocin on cognitive control and investigate its potential role in the anorexigenic effects of oxytocin in human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Plessow
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dean A Marengi
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sylvia K Perry
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Lawson
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Klymkiw DF, Milligan K, Lackner C, Phillips M, Schmidt LA, Segalowitz SJ. Does Anxiety Enhance or Hinder Attentional and Impulse Control in Youth With ADHD? An ERP Analysis. J Atten Disord 2020; 24:1746-1756. [PMID: 28494637 DOI: 10.1177/1087054717707297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Youth with ADHD and comorbid anxiety (ADHD+ANX) experience increased social and academic impairment compared with youth with ADHD without anxiety (ADHD). Group differences in attentional and impulse control may underlie this increased impairment. Examination of group differences using behavioral measures of attentional and impulse control has yielded inconsistent findings. This study explored group differences using event-related potentials (ERPs), which provide neural information concerning early information processing. Method: ERPs (early frontal positivity [EFP], N2) were collected while youth aged 11 to 17 with ADHD (n = 31) and ADHD+ANX (n = 35) completed a visual and an auditory computer task. Results: Compared with the ADHD group, the ADHD+ANX group exhibited larger N2 amplitudes to no-go stimuli and larger EFP amplitudes to target auditory stimuli, with variable attention allocation to nontarget stimuli. Conclusion: The addition of anxiety to ADHD appears to alter early attentional processing, which may be an important aspect of this comorbidity.
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21
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Wong TY, Radua J, Pomarol-Clotet E, Salvador R, Albajes-Eizagirre A, Solanes A, Canales-Rodriguez EJ, Guerrero-Pedraza A, Sarro S, Kircher T, Nenadic I, Krug A, Grotegerd D, Dannlowski U, Borgwardt S, Riecher-Rössler A, Schmidt A, Andreou C, Huber CG, Turner J, Calhoun V, Jiang W, Clark S, Walton E, Spalletta G, Banaj N, Piras F, Ciullo V, Vecchio D, Lebedeva I, Tomyshev AS, Kaleda V, Klushnik T, Filho GB, Zanetti MV, Serpa MH, Penteado Rosa PG, Hashimoto R, Fukunaga M, Richter A, Krämer B, Gruber O, Voineskos AN, Dickie EW, Tomecek D, Skoch A, Spaniel F, Hoschl C, Bertolino A, Bonvino A, Di Giorgio A, Holleran L, Ciufolini S, Marques TR, Dazzan P, Murray R, Lamsma J, Cahn W, van Haren N, Díaz-Zuluaga AM, Pineda-Zapata JA, Vargas C, López-Jaramillo C, van Erp TGM, Gur RC, Nickl-Jockschat T. An overlapping pattern of cerebral cortical thinning is associated with both positive symptoms and aggression in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium. Psychol Med 2020; 50:2034-2045. [PMID: 31615588 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719002149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive symptoms are a useful predictor of aggression in schizophrenia. Although a similar pattern of abnormal brain structures related to both positive symptoms and aggression has been reported, this observation has not yet been confirmed in a single sample. METHOD To study the association between positive symptoms and aggression in schizophrenia on a neurobiological level, a prospective meta-analytic approach was employed to analyze harmonized structural neuroimaging data from 10 research centers worldwide. We analyzed brain MRI scans from 902 individuals with a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia and 952 healthy controls. RESULTS The result identified a widespread cortical thickness reduction in schizophrenia compared to their controls. Two separate meta-regression analyses revealed that a common pattern of reduced cortical gray matter thickness within the left lateral temporal lobe and right midcingulate cortex was significantly associated with both positive symptoms and aggression. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that positive symptoms such as formal thought disorder and auditory misperception, combined with cognitive impairments reflecting difficulties in deploying an adaptive control toward perceived threats, could escalate the likelihood of aggression in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yat Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain and Behavioral Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain and Behavioral Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Nickl-Jockschat
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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22
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Kelly MJ, Baig F, Hu MTM, Okai D. Spectrum of impulse control behaviours in Parkinson's disease: pathophysiology and management. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020; 91:703-711. [PMID: 32354771 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-322453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Impulse control behaviours (ICBs) are a range of behaviours linked by their reward-based, repetitive natures. They can be precipitated in Parkinson's disease (PD) by dopamine replacement therapy, often with detrimental consequences for patients and caregivers. While now a well-recognised non-motor feature of treated PD, much remains unknown about the influence of risk factors, pathophysiological mechanisms, vulnerability factors for specific types of behaviour and the optimal management strategies. Imaging studies have identified structural and functional changes in striatal and prefrontal brain regions, among others. Gene association studies indicate a role for genetic predisposition to PD-ICB. Clinical observational studies have identified potential modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Psychological studies shed light on the neurocognitive domains implicated in PD-ICBs and identify psychosocial determinants that may perpetuate the cycle of impulsive and harm-avoidance behaviours. Based on these results, a range of pharmacological and non-pharmacological management strategies have been trialled in PD-ICBs with varying success. The purpose of this review is to update clinicians on the evidence around the pathophysiology of PD-ICB. We aim to translate our findings into an interpretable biopsychosocial model that can be applied to the clinical assessment and management of individual cases of PD-ICB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark John Kelly
- School of Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Tallaght University Hospital, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland .,Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Division of Neurology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Fahd Baig
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Centre, London, UK, University of London Saint George's, London, London, UK
| | - Michele Tao-Ming Hu
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Division of Neurology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - David Okai
- Neuropsychiatry Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, London, UK.,Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, London, UK
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23
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Mrazek AJ, Mrazek MD, Maul A, Mrazek KL, Schooler JW. Taking charge: Characterizing the rapid development of self-regulation through intensive training. J Health Psychol 2020; 26:2304-2319. [PMID: 32175776 DOI: 10.1177/1359105320909856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-regulation is widely considered as a relatively stable trait, and the extent to which it can be improved through training is unknown. This randomized controlled investigation found dramatic and enduring increases in self-regulation among college students, as measured by experience sampling, nightly journaling, and questionnaires. Participants encountered stable levels of temptations throughout the intervention but became better at resisting them over time. Increases in self-regulation were accompanied by improvements across a diversity of additional outcomes like mood, stress, focus, mindfulness, emotional regulation, and life satisfaction. Collectively, this points to higher levels of plasticity in self-regulation and wellbeing than is widely assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Maul
- University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
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24
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Keefe RJ, Van Horne BS, Cain CM, Budolfson K, Thompson R, Greeley CS. A Comparison Study of Primary Care Utilization and Mental Health Disorder Diagnoses Among Children In and Out of Foster Care on Medicaid. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2020; 59:252-258. [PMID: 31896282 DOI: 10.1177/0009922819898182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the utilization of primary care services and presence of mental health disorder diagnoses among children in foster care to children on Medicaid not in foster care in a large health system. The data for this study were analyzed from a clinical database of a multipractice pediatric health system in Houston, Texas. The sample included more than 95 000 children covered by Medicaid who had at least one primary care visit during the 2-year study period. The results of the study demonstrated that children not in foster care had a greater number of primary care visits and the odds of having >3 visits were significantly lower for children in foster care with a mental health disorder diagnosis. Additionally, more than a quarter of children in foster care had a diagnosis of a mental health disorder, compared with 15% of children not in foster care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael J Keefe
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bethanie S Van Horne
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cary M Cain
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Richard Thompson
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher S Greeley
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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25
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Nanda P, Morris A, Kelemen J, Yang J, Wiest MC. Evoked Frontal and Parietal Field Potential Signatures of Target Detection and Response Inhibition in Rats Performing an Equiprobable Auditory Go/No-Go Task. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO. [PMID: 31767572 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0055-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To characterize the rat as a potential model of frontal-parietal auditory processing during sustained attention, target detection, and response inhibition, we recorded field potentials (FPs) at multiple sites in medial-dorsal frontal and posterior parietal cortex simultaneously while rats performed an equiprobable auditory go/no-go discrimination task. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were calculated by averaging tone-triggered FPs across hit, miss, false alarm (FA), and correct rejection (CR) trials separately for each recording session, and five peak amplitudes (termed N1, P2, N2, P3E, and P3L) were extracted from the individual-session ERPs. Comparing peak amplitudes across different trials types indicated a statistically significant amplification of the P2 peak on hit trials that accompanies detection of the target tone prior to the behavioral go response. This result appears analogous to human ERP phenomena during auditory target discrimination. Conversely, the rat P3 responses were not associated with target detection as in the human ERP literature. Likewise, we did not observe the “no-go N2” or “no-go P3” responses reported in the human literature in association with response inhibition, which might reflect differences in task context or a difference in auditory processing between rats and humans. We also present analyses of stimulus-induced spectral power and interarea coherence to characterize oscillatory synchronization which may contribute to ERPs, and discuss possible error-related processing at the N2, P3E, and P3L peaks.
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26
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Cassiello-Robbins C, Anand D, McMahon K, Guetta R, Trumbull J, Kelley L, Rosenthal MZ. The Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation Within the Relationship Between Neuroticism and Misophonia: A Preliminary Investigation. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:847. [PMID: 33005154 PMCID: PMC7485014 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Misophonia is a newly described condition characterized by heightened emotional reactivity (e.g., anger, anxiety, and disgust) to common repetitive sounds (e.g., oral or nasal sounds made by others), accompanied by difficulties responding to these sounds (e.g., intolerance, avoidance, and escape) and associated impairment in functioning. Although research indicates that problematic emotional responses are a key characteristic of misophonia, it is unknown whether individual differences in experiencing and regulating emotional responses influence severity of misophonia symptoms. Examination of individual differences in emotional functioning will help to guide treatment development for misophonia. Accordingly, the present study examined the associations among trait neuroticism, difficulties with emotion regulation, and symptoms of misophonia. For this study, a sample of 49 adults completed the Difficulties with Emotion Regulation Scale, the Misophonia Questionnaire, and the neuroticism subscale of the NEO-Personality inventory. Findings indicated that difficulties with emotion regulation and neuroticism were significantly positively correlated with symptoms of misophonia. Bootstrapped mediation analyses suggested that difficulties controlling impulsive behavior while experiencing intense negative emotions fully mediated the relationship between neuroticism and symptoms of misophonia. Results from this study suggest that neuroticism and difficulties with emotion regulation may be important risk factors and treatment targets for adults with misophonia, and difficulties controlling impulsive behavior when distressed may be an important individual difference accounting for the relationship between neuroticism and misophonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clair Cassiello-Robbins
- Center for Misophonia and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Deepika Anand
- Center for Misophonia and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kibby McMahon
- Center for Misophonia and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Rachel Guetta
- Center for Misophonia and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jacqueline Trumbull
- Center for Misophonia and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Lisalynn Kelley
- Center for Misophonia and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - M Zachary Rosenthal
- Center for Misophonia and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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27
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Abstract
Early aiming adjustments following an online perturbation are made possible by impulse control. This process may unfold even earlier when perturbations impose a greater risk of a costly overshoot error. Participants executed upward and downward aims to mediate the cost of potential errors-downward overshoots require more energy to correct against gravity. On 33% of the trials, texture elements on the aiming surface were shifted following onset to appear congruent or incongruent with the aiming direction, and consequently generate a misperception of the limb moving slower or faster, respectively. Thus, the risk of potential errors could be influenced by the online perturbation (e.g., increased perceived likelihood of overshooting following the incongruent background). Findings indicated greater undershooting for down compared to up, which reflects the principle of movement optimisation. There was also more undershooting for an incongruent compared to congruent background, which is consistent with early online adjustments counter-acting the misperceived limb velocity. However, there were no interactions throughout the movement trajectory. We suggest that while the initial pre-programme considers the cost of potential errors (target direction), early impulse control fails to discriminate the likelihood of these errors occurring following an online perturbation (moving background).
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Roberts
- Psychology, Action and Learning of Movement (PALM) Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lawrence E M Grierson
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,McMaster Program for Educational Research, Innovation, and Theory, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, David Braley Health Sciences Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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28
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Verbruggen F, Aron AR, Band GP, Beste C, Bissett PG, Brockett AT, Brown JW, Chamberlain SR, Chambers CD, Colonius H, Colzato LS, Corneil BD, Coxon JP, Dupuis A, Eagle DM, Garavan H, Greenhouse I, Heathcote A, Huster RJ, Jahfari S, Kenemans JL, Leunissen I, Li CSR, Logan GD, Matzke D, Morein-Zamir S, Murthy A, Paré M, Poldrack RA, Ridderinkhof KR, Robbins TW, Roesch M, Rubia K, Schachar RJ, Schall JD, Stock AK, Swann NC, Thakkar KN, van der Molen MW, Vermeylen L, Vink M, Wessel JR, Whelan R, Zandbelt BB, Boehler CN. A consensus guide to capturing the ability to inhibit actions and impulsive behaviors in the stop-signal task. eLife 2019; 8:46323. [PMID: 31033438 PMCID: PMC6533084 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Response inhibition is essential for navigating everyday life. Its derailment is considered integral to numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders, and more generally, to a wide range of behavioral and health problems. Response-inhibition efficiency furthermore correlates with treatment outcome in some of these conditions. The stop-signal task is an essential tool to determine how quickly response inhibition is implemented. Despite its apparent simplicity, there are many features (ranging from task design to data analysis) that vary across studies in ways that can easily compromise the validity of the obtained results. Our goal is to facilitate a more accurate use of the stop-signal task. To this end, we provide 12 easy-to-implement consensus recommendations and point out the problems that can arise when they are not followed. Furthermore, we provide user-friendly open-source resources intended to inform statistical-power considerations, facilitate the correct implementation of the task, and assist in proper data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam R Aron
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dawn M Eagle
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh Garavan
- University of Vermont, Burlington, United States
| | | | | | | | - Sara Jahfari
- Spinoza Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Dora Matzke
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Katya Rubia
- King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Luc Vermeylen
- Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - C Nico Boehler
- Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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29
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Darcey VL, McQuaid GA, Fishbein DH, VanMeter JW. Dietary Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids Are Related to Impulse Control and Anterior Cingulate Function in Adolescents. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:1012. [PMID: 30686978 PMCID: PMC6333752 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulse control, an emergent function modulated by the prefrontal cortex (PFC), helps to dampen risky behaviors during adolescence. Influences on PFC maturation during this period may contribute to variations in impulse control. Availability of omega-3 fatty acids, an essential dietary nutrient integral to neuronal structure and function, may be one such influence. This study examined whether intake of energy-adjusted long-chain omega-3 fatty acids [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] was related to variation in impulse control and PFC activity during performance of an inhibitory task in adolescents (n = 87; 51.7% female, mean age 13.3 ± 1.1 years) enrolled in a longitudinal neuroimaging study. Intake of DHA + EPA was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and adjusted for total energy intake. Inhibitory control was assessed using caregiver rating scale (BRIEF Inhibit subscale) and task performance (false alarm rate) on a Go/No-Go task performed during functional MRI. Reported intake of long-chain omega-3 was positively associated with caregiver ratings of adolescent ability to control impulses (p = 0.017) and there was a trend for an association between intake and task-based impulse control (p = 0.072). Furthermore, a regression of BOLD response within PFC during successful impulse control (Correct No-Go versus Incorrect No-Go) with energy-adjusted DHA + EPA intake revealed that adolescents reporting lower intakes display greater activation in the dorsal anterior cingulate, potentially suggestive of a possible lag in cortical development. The present results suggest that dietary omega-3 fatty acids are related to development of both impulse control and function of the dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus in normative adolescent development. Insufficiency of dietary omega-3 fatty acids during this developmental period may be a factor which hinders development of behavioral control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie L Darcey
- The Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States.,Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Goldie A McQuaid
- Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Diana H Fishbein
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - John W VanMeter
- Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
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30
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Martinez-Castrillo JC. Impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease: a hard-turning point. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019; 90:2. [PMID: 30361297 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-319375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Martinez-Castrillo
- Movement Disorders and Neurodegenerative Unit, Service of Neurology, IRYCIS. Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid 28034, Spain
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31
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Goertz-Dorten A, Groth M, Detering K, Hellmann A, Stadler L, Petri B, Doepfner M. Efficacy of an Individualized Computer-Assisted Social Competence Training Program for Children With Oppositional Defiant Disorders/Conduct Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:682. [PMID: 31620032 PMCID: PMC6759956 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Group-based child-centered cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for children with aggressive behavior has been found to significantly reduce child behavior problems. Nevertheless, most children suffer from residual symptoms at the end of treatment. Therefore, individualized interventions that treat the specific problem-maintaining factors and that use digital support may enhance treatment effects. However, enhanced computer-facilitated interventions have not been examined in clinical samples. Therefore, we tested the efficacy of an individualized computer-facilitated social skills training for children with clinically referred aggressive behavior problems. Fifty children aged 6-12 years with peer-related aggressive behavior problems were included in a within-subject design with two phases (waiting, treatment). The course of the outcome measures during an 8-week waiting phase was compared with that in the subsequent treatment phase (16 weekly child sessions and 2 parent psychoeducation contacts at the beginning of the treatment) using multilevel modeling. The primary outcome was peer-related aggressive behavior rated by parents. Further outcome measures included parent ratings and patient self-reports of aggressive and prosocial behavior. No significant changes occurred for any of the outcome variables during the waiting phase. During treatment, most parent-rated outcome measures (including the primary outcome measure) showed a significant decrease, which was stronger than changes in the waiting phase. Most self-rated outcome measures also showed significant decreases during treatment, but a stronger decrease than in the waiting phase was only found for peer-related aggressive behavior. The computer-facilitated social skills training appears to be an effective CBT intervention for children with peer-related aggressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Goertz-Dorten
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty at the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,School of Child and Adolescent Behavior Therapy at the University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy of the Christoph-Dornier-Foundation for Clinical Psychology at the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Manuela Groth
- School of Child and Adolescent Behavior Therapy at the University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kerstin Detering
- School of Child and Adolescent Behavior Therapy at the University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Hellmann
- School of Child and Adolescent Behavior Therapy at the University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura Stadler
- School of Child and Adolescent Behavior Therapy at the University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Barbara Petri
- School of Child and Adolescent Behavior Therapy at the University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Manfred Doepfner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty at the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,School of Child and Adolescent Behavior Therapy at the University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy of the Christoph-Dornier-Foundation for Clinical Psychology at the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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32
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Barbosa PM, Grippe T, Lees AJ, O'Sullivan S, Djamshidian A, Warner TT. Compulsive sexual behaviour in Parkinson's disease is associated with higher doses of levodopa. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018; 89:1121-1123. [PMID: 29175897 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2017-317298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Melo Barbosa
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Movement Disorders, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Talyta Grippe
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Centro Universitário de Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Andrew J Lees
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Sean O'Sullivan
- Department of Neurology, Bon Secours Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Atbin Djamshidian
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas T Warner
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Movement Disorders, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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33
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Bashore TR, Ally B, van Wouwe NC, Neimat JS, van den Wildenberg WPM, Wylie SA. Exposing an "Intangible" Cognitive Skill Among Collegiate Football Players: II. Enhanced Response Impulse Control. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1496. [PMID: 30186200 PMCID: PMC6113713 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
American football is played in a dynamic environment that places considerable demands on a player’s ability to make fast, precise reactions while controlling premature, impulsive reactions to spatial misinformation. We investigated the hypothesis that collegiate football players are more proficient than their non-athlete counterparts at controlling impulsive motor actions. National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I football players (n = 280) and non-athlete controls (n = 32) completed a variant of the Simon conflict task, which quantifies choice reaction speed and the proficiency of controlling spatially driven response impulses. Overall, the choice reaction times (RTs) and accuracy rates of football players and controls were equivalent. Similarly, football players and controls were equally susceptible to producing incorrect impulsive motor responses. However, the slowing of RT attributed to the activation and successful inhibition of these impulses (i.e., the Simon effect) was reduced significantly among football players compared to controls. Moreover, differences in impulse control varied by position among the players, with the reduction being greater for offensive than for defensive players. Among offensive players, running backs, wide receivers, and offensive linemen had greater impulse control than did controls, whereas among defensive players only linebackers had greater control. Notably, the Simon effect was reduced by 60% in running backs compared to controls. These results contribute to emerging evidence that elite football players possess more proficient executive control over their motor systems than their age counterparts and suggest that the speed of controlling impulsive motor reactions may represent an enhanced cognitive “intangible” among football players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore R Bashore
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, United States
| | - Brandon Ally
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Nelleke C van Wouwe
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Joseph S Neimat
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | | | - Scott A Wylie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
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Zhu Y, Jiang H, Su H, Zhong N, Li R, Li X, Chen T, Tan H, Du J, Xu D, Yan H, Xu D, Zhao M. A Newly Designed Mobile-Based Computerized Cognitive Addiction Therapy App for the Improvement of Cognition Impairments and Risk Decision Making in Methamphetamine Use Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2018; 6:e10292. [PMID: 29925497 PMCID: PMC6031898 DOI: 10.2196/10292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive rehabilitation therapy has been found to improve cognitive deficits and impulse control problems in methamphetamine use disorder (MUD). However, there is limited research regarding this therapy’s feasibility when using mobile-based health technologies in supporting recovery from MUD in China. Objective The main aim of this study was to test whether 4 weeks of a newly designed computerized cognitive addiction therapy (CCAT) app can improve cognitive impairments, eliminate drug-related attention bias, and attenuate risk decision-making behaviors in participants with MUD. Methods Forty MUD participants were assigned randomly to either the CCAT group (n=20), who received 4 weeks of CCAT plus regular detoxification treatment as usual, or the control group (n=20), who only received the regular detoxification treatment as usual, in drug rehabilitation centers in Shanghai. The CCAT was designed by combine methamphetamine use-related picture stimuli with cognitive training with the aim of improving cognitive function and eliminating drug-related attention bias. The CogState Battery, Delay Discounting Task (DDT), Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), and Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART) were administered face-to-face to all participants before and after CCAT interventions. Results Forty male patients were recruited. The mean age was 32.70 (SD 5.27) years in the CCAT group and mean 35.05 (SD 8.02) years in the control group. Compared to the control group, CCAT improved working memory in the CCAT group (P=.01). Group×time interactions were observed among DDT, IGT, and BART tasks, with rates of discounting delayed rewards, IGT, and BART scores (P<.001) being reduced among those who received CCAT, whereas no changes were found in the control group. Conclusions The newly designed CCAT can help to improve cognitive impairment and impulsive control in MUD. Further study is needed to understand the underlying brain mechanisms of the cognitive therapy. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03318081; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03318081 (Archived by WebCite at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03318081)
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Zhu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Jiang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Su
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Zhong
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Runji Li
- Shanghai South West Weiyu Middle School, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianzhen Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoye Tan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding Xu
- Shanghai Bureau of Drug Rehabilitation Administration, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Yan
- Shanghai Qingdong Compulsory Drug Dependence Rehablitation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Dawen Xu
- Shanghai Qingdong Compulsory Drug Dependence Rehablitation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
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35
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Lydon-Staley DM, Geier CF. Age-Varying Associations Between Cigarette Smoking, Sensation Seeking, and Impulse Control Through Adolescence and Young Adulthood. J Res Adolesc 2018; 28:354-367. [PMID: 28891119 PMCID: PMC5845819 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Sensation seeking (SS) and impulse control (IC) are constructs at the core of dual systems models of adolescent risk taking. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, age-varying associations between SS and IC (predictors) and both any smoking in the previous 30 days and daily smoking (outcomes) were examined. The association between SS and both any smoking in the previous 30 days and daily smoking was strongest during adolescence. IC was consistently associated with any smoking in the previous 30 days and daily smoking, with the strongest association emerging during the mid-20s to early 30s. The results provide a nuanced perspective on when the components of dual systems models may be most related to smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Lydon-Staley
- Corresponding author: Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, 119 Health and Human Development, University Park, PA 16802. . Phone: 814-867-6472
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Fredriksson I, Wirf M, Steensland P. The monoamine stabilizer (-)-OSU6162 prevents the alcohol deprivation effect and improves motor impulsive behavior in rats. Addict Biol 2018; 24:471-484. [PMID: 29480646 PMCID: PMC6585824 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol craving, in combination with impaired impulse control, often leads to relapse. The dopamine system mediates the rewarding properties of alcohol but is also involved in regulating impulsive behavior. The monoamine stabilizer (−)‐OSU6162 (OSU6162) has the ability to stabilize dopamine activity depending on the prevailing dopaminergic tone and may therefore normalize the dopaminergic transmission regulating both alcohol use disorder and impulsivity. We have recently showed that OSU6162 attenuates voluntary alcohol consumption, operant alcohol self‐administration, alcohol withdrawal symptoms and cue‐induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking in rats. Here, we evaluated OSU6162's effects on motor impulsivity in Wistar rats that had voluntarily consumed alcohol or water for 10 weeks. The five‐choice serial reaction time task was used to measure motor impulsivity, and a prolonged waiting period (changed from 5 to 7 seconds) was applied to induce premature responses. OSU6162‐testing was conducted twice a week (Tuesdays and Fridays), every other week with regular baseline training sessions in between. We also tested OSU6162's effects on the alcohol deprivation effect in long‐term alcohol drinking Wistar rats. The results showed that OSU6162 (30 mg/kg) pre‐treatment significantly improved motor impulsivity in the five‐choice serial reaction time task in both alcohol and alcohol‐naïve rats. Moreover, OSU6162 (30 mg/kg) pre‐treatment prevented the alcohol deprivation effect, i.e. relapse‐like drinking behavior after a forced period of abstinence in long‐term drinking rats. In conclusion, our results provide further support for OSU6162 as a novel treatment for alcohol use disorder. The results further indicate that improvement of motor impulse control might be one mechanism behind OSU6162's ability to attenuate alcohol‐mediated behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Fredriksson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska InstitutetKarolinska University Hospital Sweden
| | - Malin Wirf
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska InstitutetKarolinska University Hospital Sweden
| | - Pia Steensland
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska InstitutetKarolinska University Hospital Sweden
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Soutschek A, Ugazio G, Crockett MJ, Ruff CC, Kalenscher T, Tobler PN. Binding oneself to the mast: stimulating frontopolar cortex enhances precommitment. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 12:635-642. [PMID: 28170049 PMCID: PMC5390697 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans often give in to temptations that are in conflict with valuable long-term goals like health or saving for the future. Such willpower failures represent a prevalent problem in everyday life and in many psychiatric disorders. Strategies that increase resistance to temptations could therefore improve overall societal well-being. One important strategy is to voluntarily precommit, i.e. to restrict one’s future action space by removing the tempting short-term option from the choice set, thereby leaving only the long-term option for implementation. The neural mechanisms necessary to implement precommitment have remained unknown. Here, we test whether anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the frontopolar cortex (FPC) can improve precommitment. Participants performed a self-control task in which they could precommit to obtain a delayed larger reward by removing an immediately available smaller reward from the future choice options. We found that anodal stimulation over FPC selectively increased the propensity to precommit. In contrast, tDCS had no effects on non-binding decisions, impulse control or reward preference. Our data establish a causal role for the FPC in the implementation of precommitment, revealing a novel route to improving resistance against temptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Soutschek
- Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich - 8006, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Ugazio
- Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich - 8006, Switzerland
| | - Molly J Crockett
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christian C Ruff
- Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich - 8006, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kalenscher
- Comparative Psychology, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Philippe N Tobler
- Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich - 8006, Switzerland
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Kertzman SG, Poyurovski M, Faragian S, Weizman R, Cohen K, Aizer A, Weizman A, Dannon PN. Distinct Response Inhibition Patterns in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Patients and Pathological Gamblers. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:652. [PMID: 30564153 PMCID: PMC6288432 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and pathological gambling (PG) are common disorders. The cognitive models of OCD and PG focus on abnormalities in response inhibition. Although, these functions have been studied in different PG and OCD samples, no study has compared the response inhibition in both. Methods: Medication-naïve OCD (n = 61) and PG subjects (n = 109) and healthy controls (n = 131) performed CPT and Go/NoGo tasks. Results: Compared to healthy controls (HC), PG and OCD groups underperformed on speed and exhibited larger time variability on the CPT and Go/NoGo task. Only in OCD patients, a positive correlation between omission errors and response time (RT) was observed in the CPT. At the Go/NoGo task, a negative correlation between false alarms and RT (a fast-errors trade-off) was significant only in the PG group. The HC group had greater sensitivity values (d') than the OCD and PG groups in the Go/NoGo task. The PG group displayed lower d' values and more conservative response criterion in the CPT. In addition, only the OCD group expressed a high switching cost compared to both the PG and HC groups in terms of the RT and d' values. Conclusions: Both the PG and OCD groups demonstrated impaired response inhibition compared to the HC group. On several measures, the OCD and PG groups showed comparable impairments, and in others these were distinct. Thus, it appears that distinct neurocognitive patterns are involved in performance of the CPT and the Go/NoGo tasks among OCD and PG subjects whose cognitive status is currently under intensive investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semion G Kertzman
- Psychiatry Division, Beer-Yaakov-Ness Ziona Mental Health Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Poyurovski
- Tirat Carmel Mental Health Center, Israel University, Tirat Carmel, Israel.,Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sarit Faragian
- Tirat Carmel Mental Health Center, Israel University, Tirat Carmel, Israel
| | - Ronit Weizman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Koby Cohen
- Department of Behavioral Science, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Anat Aizer
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Abraham Weizman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Research Unit, Geha Mental Health Center and Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Pinhas N Dannon
- Psychiatry Division, Beer-Yaakov-Ness Ziona Mental Health Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Abstract
This study reviews previous studies that employ positron emission tomography (PET) imaging assessments in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with and without Impulsive Compulsive Behaviours (ICB). This begins with a summary of the potential benefits and limitations of commonly utilized ligands, specifically D2/3 receptor and dopamine transporter ligands. Since previous findings emphasize the role of the ventral striatum in the manifestation of ICBs, this study attempts to relate these imaging findings to changes in behaviour, especially emphasizing work performed in substance abuse and addiction. Next, it reviews how increasing disease duration in PD can influence dopamine receptor expression, with an emphasis on differential striatal and extra-striatal changes that occur along the course of PD. Finally, it focuses on how extra-striatal changes, particularly in the orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, and anterior cingulate, may influence the proficiency of behavioural regulation in PD. The discussion emphasizes the interaction of disease and medication effects on network-wide changes that occur in PD, and how these changes may result in behavioural dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Stark
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Daniel O. Claassen
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN,Corresponding Author: Daniel O. Claassen, MD, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave South A-0118, Nashville, TN, 37232, Tel: 615-936-1007, Fax: 615-343-3946,
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40
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Bos DJ, Ajodan EL, Silverman MR, Dyke JP, Durston S, Power JD, Jones RM. Neural correlates of preferred activities: development of an interest-specific go/nogo task. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2017; 12:1890-1901. [PMID: 29077964 PMCID: PMC5716102 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The activities we choose to spend our leisure time with are intrinsically motivating and vary across individuals. Yet it is unknown how impulse control or neural activity changes when processing a preferred stimulus related to a hobby or interest. Developing a task that assesses the response to preferred interests is of importance as it would be relevant to a range of psychiatric disorders that have hyper- or hypo-arousal to such cues. During functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), 39 healthy adults completed a novel task to test approach behavior and cognitive control to cues that were personalized to the participants' interests compared to stimuli the participants identified as being of non-interest and colored shapes. fMRI results showed that cues of one's interest elicited activation in the anterior insula compared to colored shapes. Interests did not change inhibition compared to non-interests and colored shapes and all stimuli equally engaged a frontostriatal circuit. Together the results suggest that adults were sensitive to their interests but were effective at regulating their impulses towards these cues, a skill that is critical for navigating the temptations and distractions in our daily environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dienke J Bos
- Weill Cornell Medicine, The Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eliana L Ajodan
- Weill Cornell Medicine, The Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melanie R Silverman
- Weill Cornell Medicine, The Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan P Dyke
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Durston
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan D Power
- Weill Cornell Medicine, The Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca M Jones
- Weill Cornell Medicine, The Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
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Lansford JE, Godwin J, Bornstein MH, Chang L, Deater-Deckard K, Di Giunta L, Dodge KA, Malone PS, Oburu P, Pastorelli C, Skinner AT, Sorbring E, Steinberg L, Tapanya S, Alampay LP, Uribe Tirado LM, Al-Hassan SM, Bacchini D. Reward sensitivity, impulse control, and social cognition as mediators of the link between childhood family adversity and externalizing behavior in eight countries. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 29:1675-1688. [PMID: 29162175 PMCID: PMC5868955 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579417001328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Using data from 1,177 families in eight countries (Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States), we tested a conceptual model of direct effects of childhood family adversity on subsequent externalizing behaviors as well as indirect effects through psychological mediators. When children were 9 years old, mothers and fathers reported on financial difficulties and their use of corporal punishment, and children reported perceptions of their parents' rejection. When children were 10 years old, they completed a computerized battery of tasks assessing reward sensitivity and impulse control and responded to questions about hypothetical social provocations to assess their hostile attributions and proclivity for aggressive responding. When children were 12 years old, they reported on their externalizing behavior. Multigroup structural equation models revealed that across all eight countries, childhood family adversity had direct effects on externalizing behaviors 3 years later, and childhood family adversity had indirect effects on externalizing behavior through psychological mediators. The findings suggest ways in which family-level adversity poses risk for children's subsequent development of problems at psychological and behavioral levels, situated within diverse cultural contexts.
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Cutsuridis V. Behavioural and computational varieties of response inhibition in eye movements. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:rstb.2016.0196. [PMID: 28242730 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Response inhibition is the ability to override a planned or an already initiated response. It is the hallmark of executive control as its deficits favour impulsive behaviours, which may be detrimental to an individual's life. This article reviews behavioural and computational guises of response inhibition. It focuses only on inhibition of oculomotor responses. It first reviews behavioural paradigms of response inhibition in eye movement research, namely the countermanding and antisaccade paradigms, both proven to be useful tools for the study of response inhibition in cognitive neuroscience and psychopathology. Then, it briefly reviews the neural mechanisms of response inhibition in these two behavioural paradigms. Computational models that embody a hypothesis and/or a theory of mechanisms underlying performance in both behavioural paradigms as well as provide a critical analysis of strengths and weaknesses of these models are discussed. All models assume the race of decision processes. The decision process in each paradigm that wins the race depends on different mechanisms. It has been shown that response latency is a stochastic process and has been proven to be an important measure of the cognitive control processes involved in response stopping in healthy and patient groups. Then, the inhibitory deficits in different brain diseases are reviewed, including schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Finally, new directions are suggested to improve the performance of models of response inhibition by drawing inspiration from successes of models in other domains.This article is part of the themed issue 'Movement suppression: brain mechanisms for stopping and stillness'.
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43
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Wang Y, Wu L, Wang L, Zhang Y, Du X, Dong G. Impaired decision-making and impulse control in Internet gaming addicts: evidence from the comparison with recreational Internet game users. Addict Biol 2017; 22:1610-1621. [PMID: 27687019 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although Internet games have been proven to be addictive, only a few game players develop online gaming addiction. A large number of players play online games recreationally without being addicted to it. These individuals are defined as recreational Internet gaming users (RGU). So far, no research has investigated decision-making and impulse control in RGU. In the current study, we used delay discounting (DD) task and probabilistic discounting (PD) task to examine decision-making and impulse control in 20 healthy controls, 20 subjects with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and 23 RGU during fMRI scanning. At the behavioral level, RGU showed lower DD rate and higher PD rate than subjects with IGD and there was no significant difference between RGU and healthy controls on the DD and PD rates. At the neural level, RGU showed increased neural response in the parahippocampal gyrus, the anterior cingulate cortex, the medial frontal gyrus and the inferior frontal gyrus as compared with subjects with IGD. These brain regions may play an important role in preventing RGU from developing addiction. The results suggest that the RGU are capable of inhibiting impulse due to additional cognitive endeavor and the subjects with IGD have deficit in decision-making and impulsive control, which are associated with brain dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Department of Psychology; Zhejiang Normal University; China
| | - Lingdan Wu
- Department of Psychology; University of Konstanz; Germany
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Department of Psychology; Zhejiang Normal University; China
| | - Yifen Zhang
- Department of Psychology; Zhejiang Normal University; China
| | - Xiaoxia Du
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance; East China Normal University; China
| | - Guangheng Dong
- Department of Psychology; Zhejiang Normal University; China
- Institute of Psychological and Brain Researches; Zhejiang Normal University; China
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Galvez V, Fernandez-Ruiz J, Bayliss L, Ochoa-Morales A, Hernandez-Castillo CR, Díaz R, Campos-Romo A. Early Huntington's Disease: Impulse Control Deficits but Correct Judgment Regarding Risky Situations. J Huntingtons Dis 2017; 6:73-78. [PMID: 28339399 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-160223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huntington's disease (HD) patients show alterations in decision making tasks. However, it is still uncertain if these deficits are due to poor judgment regarding risky situations, or to impulse control deficits. OBJECTIVE To elucidate whether decision-making in patients is related to genuine risk behavior or to impulse control deficits. METHODS To test between these two alternative possibilities, we evaluated the performance of 19 prodromal HD patients and 19 matched healthy controls in the Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT). This task assesses decision-making while dissociating between genuine risk-taking behaviors (ascending condition) from impulsive behavior (descending condition). RESULTS The results showed that patients and controls had the same performance during all trials in the ascending condition, reflecting a correct judgment regarding risky situations; however, during the descending condition, patients responded before the controls in all trials, making a significantly larger number of higher bets. Unlike the control group, they did not wait for more optimal subsequent options. CONCLUSION These results suggest impulse control deficits in HD gene carriers, but unimpaired risk-taking judgment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Galvez
- Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, México, USA.,Unidad Periférica de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "MVS", México, USA
| | - Juan Fernandez-Ruiz
- Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, México, USA.,Laboratorio de Neuropsicología, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, USA.,Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Veracruzana, México, USA
| | - Leo Bayliss
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suarez", México, USA
| | - Adriana Ochoa-Morales
- Departamento de Neurogenética y Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, "Manuel Velasco Suarez", México, USA
| | - Carlos R Hernandez-Castillo
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología - Cátedras - Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, México, USA
| | - Rosalinda Díaz
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicología, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, USA
| | - Aurelio Campos-Romo
- Unidad Periférica de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "MVS", México, USA
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Ide JS, Tung HC, Yang CT, Tseng YC, Li CSR. Barratt Impulsivity in Healthy Adults Is Associated with Higher Gray Matter Concentration in the Parietal Occipital Cortex that Represents Peripheral Visual Field. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:222. [PMID: 28522966 PMCID: PMC5415556 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity is a personality trait of clinical importance. Extant research focuses on fronto-striatal mechanisms of impulsivity and how executive functions are compromised in impulsive individuals. Imaging studies employing voxel based morphometry highlighted impulsivity-related changes in gray matter concentrations in a wide array of cerebral structures. In particular, whereas prefrontal cortical areas appear to show structural alterations in individuals with a neuropsychiatric condition, the findings are less than consistent in the healthy population. Here, in a sample (n = 113) of young adults assessed for Barratt impulsivity, we controlled for age, gender and alcohol use, and showed that higher impulsivity score is associated with increased gray matter volume (GMV) in bilateral medial parietal and occipital cortices known to represent the peripheral visual field. When impulsivity components were assessed, we observed that this increase in parieto-occipital cortical volume is correlated with inattention and non-planning but not motor subscore. In a separate behavioral experiment of 10 young adults, we demonstrated that impulsive individuals are more vulnerable to the influence of a distractor on target detection in an attention task. If replicated, these findings together suggest aberrant visual attention as a neural correlate of an impulsive personality trait in neurotypical individuals and need to be reconciled with the literature that focuses on frontal dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime S Ide
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hsiang C Tung
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ta Yang
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chi Tseng
- Department of Industrial Design, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale UniversityNew Haven, CT, USA.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale UniversityNew Haven, CT, USA.,Beijing Huilongguan HospitalBeijing, China
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Lischke A, Domin M, Freyberger HJ, Grabe HJ, Mentel R, Bernheim D, Lotze M. Structural Alterations in the Corpus Callosum Are Associated with Suicidal Behavior in Women with Borderline Personality Disorder. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:196. [PMID: 28484382 PMCID: PMC5401902 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural alterations in the corpus callosum (CC), the major white matter tract connecting functionally related brain regions in the two hemispheres, have been shown to be associated with emotional instability, impulsivity and suicidality in various mental disorders. To explore whether structural alterations of the CC would be similarly associated with emotional instability, impulsivity and suicidality in borderline personality disorder (BPD), we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to assess the structural integrity of the CC in 21 BPD and 20 healthy control (HC) participants. Our hypothesis-driven analyses revealed a positive correlation between BPD participants’ suicidal behavior and fractional anisotropy (FA) in the splenium and genu of the CC and a negative correlation between BPD participants’ suicidal behavior and mean diffusivity (MD) in the splenium of CC. Our exploratory analyses suggested that suicidal BPD participants showed less FA and more MD in these regions than HC participants but that non-suicidal BPD participants showed similar FA and MD in these regions as HC participants. Taken together, our findings suggest an association between BPD participants’ suicidal behavior and structural alterations in regions of the CC that are connected with brain regions implicated in emotion regulation and impulse control. Structural alterations of the CC may, thus, account for deficits in emotion regulation and impulse control that lead to suicidal behavior in BPD. However, these findings should be considered as preliminary until replicated and extended in future studies that comprise larger samples of suicidal and non-suicidal BPD participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lischke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of GreifswaldGreifswald, Germany.,Department of Psychology, University of GreifswaldGreifswald, Germany.,Functional Imaging Unit, Center for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of GreifswaldGreifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Domin
- Functional Imaging Unit, Center for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of GreifswaldGreifswald, Germany
| | - Harald J Freyberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of GreifswaldGreifswald, Germany.,Helios HospitalStralsund, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of GreifswaldGreifswald, Germany
| | - Renate Mentel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of GreifswaldGreifswald, Germany
| | - Dorothee Bernheim
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of UlmUlm, Germany
| | - Martin Lotze
- Functional Imaging Unit, Center for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of GreifswaldGreifswald, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to test the association between self-control (SC) variables and (a) sport-specific practice amounts, (b) engagement in various practice contexts, (c) threats to commitment to one's sport, and (d) skill development using the Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS) in a diverse sport sample. METHOD Two hundred forty-four athletes (47% female; Mage = 21.96 years, SD = 6.98 years; 68.8% individual sports and 31.2% team sports; 13.77 [SD = 8.12] hr/week of sport-specific practice) completed a survey composed of the BSCS and practice-related measures. Three skill groups (basic/intermediate, advanced, expert) were informed by athletes' self-reported highest level of competition. Separate analyses were conducted for juniors (aged 12-17 years) and seniors (aged 18-43 years). RESULTS A 2-factor model (self-discipline and impulse control) fit the BSCS data. Fewer thoughts of quitting from one's sport were associated with higher self-discipline in juniors and seniors and were also related to higher impulse control in seniors. Greater practice amounts were associated with higher self-discipline; however, only seniors showed such associations in voluntary practice contexts. For juniors and seniors, impulse control was associated with more voluntary practicing. There were, however, no skill-group differences for levels of self-discipline or impulse control. CONCLUSIONS Self-discipline and impulse control may be dispositional characteristics associated with how athletes engage in practice and avert conditions that threaten their sport commitment. SC dispositions may relate to practice amounts differently in juniors and seniors, depending on the requirements for self-regulation in a practice context.
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48
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Parkhill MR, Pickett SM. Difficulties in Emotion Regulation as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Child Sexual Abuse Victimization and Sexual Aggression Perpetration in Male College Students. J Child Sex Abus 2016; 25:674-85. [PMID: 27561122 DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2016.1205161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Although numerous studies document a link between child sexual abuse and later sexual assault perpetration in men, little research has examined why this relationship exists. One potential mechanism may be emotional regulation difficulties. The current study utilizes a college sample of 132 men to examine the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties on the relationship between experiencing child sexual abuse and later sexual aggression. Although emotion regulation difficulties in general was not significantly related to sexual aggression, one facet, impulse control difficulties, emerged as a significant mediator of the relationship between child sexual abuse and sexual aggression. Intervention programs should focus on the care that children receive following sexual abuse, with particular emphasis on how emotion regulation abilities may be impacted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele R Parkhill
- a Department of Psychology, Oakland University , Rochester , Michigan , USA
| | - Scott M Pickett
- a Department of Psychology, Oakland University , Rochester , Michigan , USA
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49
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Ruocco AC, Rodrigo AH, McMain SF, Page-Gould E, Ayaz H, Links PS. Predicting Treatment Outcomes from Prefrontal Cortex Activation for Self-Harming Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder: A Preliminary Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:220. [PMID: 27242484 PMCID: PMC4870399 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-harm is a potentially lethal symptom of borderline personality disorder (BPD) that often improves with dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). While DBT is effective for reducing self-harm in many patients with BPD, a small but significant number of patients either does not improve in treatment or ends treatment prematurely. Accordingly, it is crucial to identify factors that may prospectively predict which patients are most likely to benefit from and remain in treatment. In the present preliminary study, 29 actively self-harming patients with BPD completed brain-imaging procedures probing activation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during impulse control prior to beginning DBT and after 7 months of treatment. Patients that reduced their frequency of self-harm the most over treatment displayed lower levels of neural activation in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) prior to beginning treatment, and they showed the greatest increases in activity within this region after 7 months of treatment. Prior to starting DBT, treatment non-completers demonstrated greater activation than treatment-completers in the medial PFC and right inferior frontal gyrus. Reductions in self-harm over the treatment period were associated with increases in activity in right DLPFC even after accounting for improvements in depression, mania, and BPD symptom severity. These findings suggest that pre-treatment patterns of activation in the PFC underlying impulse control may be prospectively associated with improvements in self-harm and treatment attrition for patients with BPD treated with DBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Ruocco
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Achala H Rodrigo
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shelley F McMain
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Borderline Personality Disorder Clinic Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Hasan Ayaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel UniversityPhiladelphia, PA, USA; Department of Family and Community Health, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA; Division of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul S Links
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University London, ON, Canada
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Hulka LM, Vonmoos M, Preller KH, Baumgartner MR, Seifritz E, Gamma A, Quednow BB. Changes in cocaine consumption are associated with fluctuations in self-reported impulsivity and gambling decision-making. Psychol Med 2015; 45:3097-3110. [PMID: 26081043 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715001063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In cross-sectional studies, cocaine users generally display elevated levels of self-reported and cognitive impulsivity. To what extent these impairments are stable v. variable markers of cocaine use disorder, and, thus, are pre-existing or drug-induced, has not yet been systematically investigated. METHOD We conducted a longitudinal study with cocaine users who changed or maintained their consumption intensity, measuring self-reported impulsivity with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), and cognitive impulsivity with the Rapid Visual Processing task (RVP), Iowa Gambling task (IGT), and Delay Discounting task (DD) at baseline and at 1-year follow-up. We assessed 48 psychostimulant-naive controls and 19 cocaine users with decreased, 19 users with increased, and 19 users with unchanged cocaine intake after 1 year as confirmed by hair analysis. RESULTS Results of linear multilevel modelling showed significant group × time interactions for the BIS-11 total score and the IGT total card ratio. Increasers showed a trend for elevated scores, whereas decreasers exhibited reduced self-reported impulsivity scores within 1 year. Surprisingly, increasers' IGT performance was improved after 1 year, whereas decreasers' performance deteriorated. By contrast, neither RVP response bias B" nor DD total score showed substantial group × time interactions. Importantly, BIS-11 and DD revealed strong test-retest reliabilities. CONCLUSION Self-reported impulsivity (BIS-11) and decision-making impulsivity (IGT) covary with changing cocaine use, whereas response bias and delay discounting remain largely unaffected. Thus, self-reported impulsivity and gambling decision-making were strongly state-dependent in a stimulant-using population and may be suitable to monitor treatment success, whereas delay of gratification was confirmed as a potential endophenotype of stimulant addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Hulka
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology,Department of Psychiatry,Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital,University of Zurich,Switzerland
| | - M Vonmoos
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology,Department of Psychiatry,Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital,University of Zurich,Switzerland
| | - K H Preller
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology,Department of Psychiatry,Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital,University of Zurich,Switzerland
| | - M R Baumgartner
- Center of Forensic Hairanalytics,Institute of Forensic Medicine,University of Zurich,Switzerland
| | - E Seifritz
- Director of the Department of Psychiatry,Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics,Psychiatric Hospital,University of Zurich,Switzerland
| | - A Gamma
- Division of ADHD Research,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics,Psychiatric Hospital,University of Zurich,Switzerland
| | - B B Quednow
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology,Department of Psychiatry,Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital,University of Zurich,Switzerland
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