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Li J, Gu H, Xia T. Childhood maltreatment and NSSI in prisoners: mediation through self-identity and moderation by sensation-seeking. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1303033. [PMID: 38370562 PMCID: PMC10869573 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1303033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among prisoners is widely recognized. However, most research conducted in prisons setting has focused on lifetime engagement in NSSI, with limited knowledge about its correlates and risk factors during imprisonment. Methods Drawing on the integrated theoretical model of NSSI, this study aimed to examine the combined effects of childhood maltreatment (an environmental factor) and two intrapersonal factors, namely self-identity and sensation-seeking, on NSSI. 1042 Chinese male offenders participated in the current study, and regression analyses is used to examine the relationship among variables. Results The results revealed that self-identity mediated the association between childhood maltreatment and prisoners' NSSI. Sensation-seeking moderated the relationship between self-identity and NSSI, and this connection was only significant for offenders with high sensation-seeking. Discussion We discuss the results of the current research and possible practical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Honglei Gu
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Tiansheng Xia
- School of Art and Design, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang H, Yun LZ, Luo S. Effects of hazards and sensation-seeking on intermediate swimming college students' hazard perceptions. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3338. [PMID: 38031238 PMCID: PMC10726776 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the Global Report on Drowning: Preventing a Leading Killer and Preventing Drowning: An Implementation Guide, two documents released by the World Health Organization in 2014 and 2017, respectively, 372,000 people drown each year globally (approximately 42 per hour), half of whom are below 25 years old. Chinese adolescents aged 18-24 years are the main victim group. Intermediate swimming college students are more susceptible to risk-taking behavior and drowning while swimming. In particular, college students with high-sensation-seeking levels have greater confidence in their swimming ability. Consequently, they tend to overestimate their skills and pursue exciting experiences while underestimating or ignoring the risk factors in the situation. The scores of college students in sensation-seeking show a significant positive correlation with highly risky swimming behavior. However, the correlation with the reaction time to hazards is unclear. In this study, using previous theories, the sensation-seeking scale, and the measurement of the reaction time to hazards, we clearly explain why "college students with higher levels of sensation-seeking have a higher risk of drowning." We examined the reaction time to hazards and eye movement data of intermediate swimming college students with different sensation-seeking levels, while controlling the obviousness of hazards in the videos for the experiment. METHODS We utilized 16 videos of students swimming as experimental stimuli and employed a mixed experimental design of 2 (sensation-seeking: high, low) × 2 (hazard type: obvious hazard, hidden hazard). Sensation-seeking, the between-subjects variable, was categorized into two levels (high and low). The hazard type, the within-subjects variable, was also divided into two categories (obvious and hidden). We analyzed the disparities in reaction time to hazards and eye-movement data between intermediate swimming college students with high (N = 28) or low (N = 28) levels of sensation-seeking. RESULTS Intermediate swimming college students with high levels of sensation-seeking exhibited significantly longer reaction times to both obvious (F = 6.251, p = .000 < .001) and hidden (F = 49.438, p = .000 < .001) hazards compared to their low-sensation-seeking counterparts. The first fixation duration of intermediate swimming college students on obvious hazards was shorter than that on hidden hazards (F = 13.596, p = .000 < .001), and the average fixation duration of intermediate swimming college students with high levels of sensation-seeking on hidden hazards proved to be significantly shorter (F = 5.498, p = .000 < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS High-sensation-seeking intermediate swimming college students exhibited longer reaction times to hidden hazards compared to their low-sensation-seeking peers. These findings indicate that a high-sensation-seeking tendency can result in delayed reaction times and a disregard for response measures among intermediate swimming college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- School of Physical EducationHubei Minzu UniversityEnshi CityHubeiChina
| | - Li Zi Yun
- School of Physical EducationHubei Minzu UniversityEnshi CityHubeiChina
| | - Shi Luo
- School of Physical EducationSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
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Agtas-Ertan E, Dogan O, Ilhan I. Ghrelin and impulsivity relationship in alcohol-dependent patients and healthy individuals. Alcohol Alcohol 2023; 58:497-504. [PMID: 37154613 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Abundant research indicates that ghrelin hormone levels are associated with alcohol use and addiction. One of the mediators of this association may be impulsivity, which is one of the common traits observed in alcohol addiction and some eating disorders. This study evaluated participants with alcohol dependency and healthy volunteers to determine whether trait impulsivity and ghrelin levels are associated. METHODS This study analyzed trait impulsivity scores and fasting serum ghrelin levels of 44 males with alcohol dependency and 48 healthy male participants. The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and the UPPS Impulsive Behaviour Scale (UPPS) were used to measure trait impulsivity levels. Penn Alcohol Craving Scale and Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale for heavy drinking were used to assess craving at the baseline and after the detoxification period. RESULTS Alcohol-dependent patients' fasting ghrelin levels were significantly higher than that of healthy participants. Ghrelin plasma levels were positively correlated with UPPS total impulsivity scores and sensation-seeking among healthy individuals. In alcohol-dependent participants, there was a positive correlation between UPPS urgency scores obtained at the baseline and fasting ghrelin levels before and after the detoxification period. CONCLUSIONS Ghrelin-impulsivity relationship could be observed in certain dimensions of impulsivity in both alcohol-dependent and healthy individuals and even independent of the effect of alcohol. Although the associated impulsivity dimensions differ in different groups, the results are parallel to other studies in terms of demonstrating the relationship between ghrelin and impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Agtas-Ertan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yozgat City Hospital, Yozgat 66100, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Dogan
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara University Cebeci Hospital, Tip Fakultesi Cad., Ankara 06620, Turkey
| | - Inci Ilhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Ankara University Cebeci Hospital, Tip Fakultesi Cad., Ankara 06620, Turkey
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Case NF, Brown TG. Examining the predictive potential of depressed mood and alcohol misuse on risky driving. Alcohol Alcohol 2023; 58:532-538. [PMID: 37318107 PMCID: PMC10493518 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agad042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Male driving while impaired (DWI) offenders are at heightened risk for engaging in risky driving. Males in a depressed mood are also more prone to alcohol misuse, which may further contribute to risky driving. This manuscript investigates the predictive potential of combined depressed mood and alcohol misuse on risky driving outcomes 3 and 9 years after baseline in male DWI offenders. METHODS At baseline, participants completed questionnaires assessing depressed mood (Major Depression scale of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III), alcohol misuse (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), and sensation-seeking (Sensation Seeking Scale-V). Risky driving data (Analyse des comportements routiers; ACR3) were collected at follow-up 3 years after baseline. Driving offence data were obtained for 9 years after baseline. RESULTS There were 129 participants. As 50.4% of the sample were missing ACR3 scores, multiple imputation was conducted. In the final regression model, R2 = 0.34, F(7,121) = 8.76, P < 0.001, alcohol misuse significantly predicted ACR3, B = 0.56, t = 1.96, P = 0.05. Depressed mood, however, did not significantly predict ACR3 and sensation-seeking was not a significant moderator. Although the regression model predicting risky driving offences at Year 9 was significant R2 = 0.37, F(10,108) = 6.41, P < 0.001, neither depressed mood nor alcohol misuse was a significant predictor. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify alcohol misuse as a predictor of risky driving 3 years after baseline among male DWI offenders. This enhances our prediction of risky driving, extending beyond the widely researched acute impacts of alcohol by exploring chronic patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevicia F Case
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Ave. W, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
- Addiction Research Program, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Thomas G Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Ave. W, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
- Addiction Research Program, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
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Suárez-Castro D, Barroso-Hurtado M, Martínez-Vispo C, Becoña E, López-Durán A. Boredom Susceptibility and Quit Smoking: The Role of Anxiety Symptoms. J Psychol 2023; 157:242-251. [PMID: 36944190 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2023.2183933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Boredom is one of the main reported motives for smoking. However, scarce research has examined the relationship between boredom susceptibility and abstinence achievement in treatment-seeking smokers. The aim of this study is to examine the mediating effect of anxiety symptoms in the relationship between boredom susceptibility and abstinence at the end of a smoking cessation treatment. The sample was composed of 481 Spanish smokers who received a cognitive-behavioral treatment to quit (Mage= 45.51, SD = 11.16; 60.6% female). The Boredom Susceptibility subscale of the Sensation Seeking Scale Form-V and the Beck Anxiety Inventory were used. Pearson correlations and mediation analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between the study variables. Boredom susceptibility was significantly and positively correlated to anxiety symptoms, but not to abstinence. Anxiety symptoms were significantly and negatively correlated to abstinence. A significant indirect effect of boredom susceptibility on abstinence at the end of treatment through anxiety symptoms was found. There was no direct relation between boredom susceptibility and abstinence. These findings extend previous literature by showing that higher boredom susceptibility is associated with less likelihood to be abstinent at the end of the treatment through higher anxiety symptoms. These results highlight the relevance of considering the inclusion of boredom and anxiety management techniques in smoking cessation interventions.
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Karlsson P, Ekendahl M, Raninen J. Exploring the Link between ADHD and Cannabis Use in Swedish Ninth Graders: The Role of Conduct Problems and Sensation-Seeking. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:311-319. [PMID: 36617861 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2155478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has in several studies been linked to substance use, including cannabis use. However, crucial gaps remain regarding how to understand this association. Analyzing the association between ADHD and substance use is complicated because of a pronounced overlap between ADHD, conduct problems, and traits such as sensation-seeking. Objectives: Using data from a large and nationally representative study among Swedish adolescents, this study explored the role of conduct problems, but also of sensation-seeking, in accounting for the association between ADHD and cannabis use. Results: There was a notable association between ADHD and cannabis use that was attenuated when conduct problems were controlled for. The association between cannabis use and conduct problems, in turn, was attenuated when sensation-seeking was controlled for. Individuals with both ADHD and conduct problems were more likely to have used cannabis than individuals with ADHD only, but not compared with individuals with conduct problems only. Conclusions: Whereas conduct problems largely explain the link between ADHD and cannabis use, sensation-seeking seems to account for the association between conduct problems and cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Karlsson
- Department of Social Work, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Ekendahl
- Department of Social Work, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Raninen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Çelik S, Öztürk A, Kes E, Kurt A. The relationship of gambling with sensation-seeking behavior and psychological resilience in university students. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:2199-2207. [PMID: 35133668 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to analyze the relationship of gambling with university students' sensation-seeking behavior and psychological resilience. DESIGN AND METHODS This cross-sectional and correlational research was performed with 650 students. Data collection tools were Personal Information Form, South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), Zuckerman Sensation-Seeking Scale (ZSSS), and Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). FINDINGS Of the students, 1.2% were probably pathological gamblers. There was a positive relationship between students' SOGS and ZSSS scores (p < 0.05). However, there was no relationship between students' SOGS and BRS scores (p > 0.05). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Psychological support units and instructors take an active role in determining the gambling behaviors of students and related factors in advance, raising awareness of gambling, and preventing the negative effects of these behaviors in faculty campuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Çelik
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bartın University, Agdaci, Bartın, Turkey
| | - Ayfer Öztürk
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bartın University, Agdaci, Bartın, Turkey
| | - Eda Kes
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bartın University, Agdaci, Bartın, Turkey
| | - Aylin Kurt
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bartın University, Agdaci, Bartın, Turkey
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Tieskens JM, van Lier PAC, Buil JM, Barker ED. Sensation-seeking-related DNA methylation and the development of delinquency: A longitudinal epigenome-wide study. Dev Psychopathol 2022;:1-9. [PMID: 35734807 DOI: 10.1017/S0954579422000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Heightened sensation-seeking is related to the development of delinquency. Moreover, sensation-seeking, or biological correlates of sensation-seeking, are suggested as factors linking victimization to delinquency. Here, we focused on epigenetic correlates of sensation-seeking. First, we identified DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns related to sensation-seeking. Second, we investigated the association between sensation-seeking related DNAm and the development of delinquency. Third, we examined whether victimization was related to sensation-seeking related DNAm and the development of delinquency. Participants (N = 905; 49% boys) came from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. DNAm was assessed at birth, age 7 and age 15-17. Sensation-seeking (self-reports) was assessed at age 11 and 14. Delinquency (self-reports) was assessed at age 17-19. Sensation-seeking epigenome-wide association study revealed that no probes reached the critical significance level. However, 20 differential methylated probes reached marginal significance. With these 20 suggestive sites, a sensation-seeking cumulative DNAm risk score was created. Results showed that this DNAm risk score at age 15-17 was related to delinquency at age 17-19. Moreover, an indirect effect of victimization to delinquency via DNAm was found. Sensation-seeking related DNAm is a potential biological correlate that can help to understand the development of delinquency, including how victimization might be associated with adolescent delinquency.
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Wang R, Martin CD, Lei AL, Hausknecht KA, Turk M, Micov V, Kwarteng F, Ishiwari K, Oubraim S, Wang AL, Richards JB, Haj-Dahmane S, Shen RY. Prenatal ethanol exposure impairs sensory processing and habituation to visual stimuli, effects normalized by enrichment of postnatal environmental. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:891-906. [PMID: 35347730 PMCID: PMC9122102 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) often show processing deficits in all sensory modalities. Using an operant light reinforcement model, we tested whether prenatal ethanol exposure (PE) alters operant responding to elicit a contingent sensory stimulus-light onset (turning on the light) and habituation to this behavior in rats. We also explored whether postnatal environmental enrichment could ameliorate PE-induced deficits. METHODS Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were gavaged twice/day with 0 or 3 g/kg/treatment ethanol (15% w/v) during gestational days 8-20, mimicking second-trimester heavy PE in humans. The offspring were reared in a standard housing condition or an enriched condition. Adult male and female offspring underwent an operant light reinforcement experiment with either a short-access or a long-access procedure. A dishabituation test was also conducted to characterize the habituation process. RESULTS In the short-access procedure, PE led to increased operant responding to the contingent light onset in both sexes reared in the standard housing condition. Such an effect was not observed in rats reared in enriched conditions due to an overall decrease in responding. Moreover, rats reared in enriched conditions showed greater short-term habituation. In the long access procedure, PE rats showed increased responding and impaired long-term habituation. The long-access procedure facilitated both short-term and long-term habituation in control and PE rats. CONCLUSION Prenatal ethanol exposure increases responding to contingent light onset and impairs the long-term habituation process. The PE-induced deficits were ameliorated by rearing in the enriched environment and increasing the duration and frequency of exposure to light onset. The PE-induced effects are like increased sensation-seeking, a subtype of sensory-processing deficit that is often observed in individuals with FASD. Our findings could inform a suitable animal model for investigating the underlying mechanisms and possible intervention strategies for sensory deficits in FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacob School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Connor D. Martin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacob School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Anna L. Lei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacob School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kathryn A. Hausknecht
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacob School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Marisa Turk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacob School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Veronika Micov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacob School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Francis Kwarteng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacob School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Keita Ishiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacob School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Saida Oubraim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacob School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - An-Li Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacob School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jerry B. Richards
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacob School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Samir Haj-Dahmane
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacob School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Roh-Yu Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacob School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Beard SJ, Wolff JM. The moderating role of positive peers in reducing substance use in college students. J Am Coll Health 2022; 70:1059-1070. [PMID: 32669053 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1784907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ObjectiveYoung adulthood (18-25) is the peak age for substance use, but friends who engage in positive behaviors may be protective. The present study examined the direct relation between positive peer affiliation and substance use, and whether positive peer affiliation moderated the relation between self-reported sensation-seeking, future orientation, self-regulation and substance use. Participants: Participants were 382 college students (Mage = 19.25, SD = 1.33). Method: Participants completed questionnaires assessing substance use, peer affiliation, sensation-seeking, future orientation, and self-regulation. Results: In structural equation models, positive peer affiliation was negatively associated with drunk driving, cigarette use, and marijuana use; and moderated relations between sensation-seeking and substance use, but not cognitive control in the predicted direction. Conclusions: Substance use remains a salient public health concern for college students, but the current study found that having friends who generally engage in positive activities is an important buffer against socioemotional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jean Beard
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Center for Mind and Brain, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Michelle Wolff
- Department of Psychology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- The Brown School of Social Work & Public Health, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Callahan CE, Kossman MK, Mihalik JP, Marshall SW, Gildner P, Kerr ZY, Cameron KL, Houston MN, Mrazik M, Register-Mihalik JK. Association between Sensation-Seeking Behaviors and Concussion-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, Perceived Norms, and Care-Seeking Behaviors among Collegiate Student-Athletes. J Sports Sci Med 2022; 21:33-42. [PMID: 35250331 PMCID: PMC8851124 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2022.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There are limited data connecting personality and behavioral tendencies and traits related to concussion care-seeking/disclosure behaviors and minimal research exists surrounding the relationship between risky behaviors, sensation-seeking, and concussion-related outcomes. This study examined the association between sensation-seeking and a student-athlete's concussion-related knowledge, attitudes, perceived social norms, and concussion care-seeking/disclosure behaviors (intention to disclose concussion symptoms, perceived control over symptom disclosure, self-removal from play due to concussion symptoms, continued play with concussion symptoms, and disclosure of all concussions at the time of injury). The current study utilized a retrospective cohort of collegiate student-athletes at a single National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I institution. Separate multivariable linear regression models estimating mean differences (MD) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) estimated the association between sensation-seeking and concussion knowledge, concussion attitudes, and perceived social norms. Separate multivariable binomial regression models estimating adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and 95%CI estimated the association between sensation-seeking and intention to disclose concussion symptoms, perceived control over symptom disclosure, self-removal from play due to concussion symptoms, continued play with concussion symptoms, and disclosure of all concussions at the time of injury. All models were adjusted for sex, sport participation, and concussion history. Higher sensation-seeking was significantly associated with less favorable concussion attitudes (adjusted MD = -1.93; 95%CI = -3.04,-0.83), less favorable perceived social norms surrounding concussion (adjusted MD = -1.39; 95%CI = -2.06,-0.72), and continuing to play while experiencing concussion symptoms (adjusted PR = 1.50; 95%CI = 1.10, 2.06). Student-athletes with increased sensation-seeking could be at risk for failing to disclose a concussion, decreasing athlete safety and resulting in less optimal care post-injury. Results will inform future theory-based concussion education programs which consider behavioral tendencies and traits as well as sport culture to promote concussion care-seeking/disclosure and individualized interventions based on risky behavior engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Callahan
- Matthew Gfeller Center, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina, NC, USA
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Melissa K Kossman
- School of Health Professions, University of Southern Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Jason P Mihalik
- Matthew Gfeller Center, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina, NC, USA
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill NC, USA
| | - Stephen W Marshall
- Injury Prevention Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paula Gildner
- Injury Prevention Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill NC, USA
| | - Zachary Y Kerr
- Matthew Gfeller Center, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina, NC, USA
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill NC, USA
| | - Kenneth L Cameron
- John A. Feagin Jr. Sports Medicine Fellowship, Keller Army Hospital, United States Military Academy, NY, USA
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, MD, USA
| | - Megan N Houston
- John A. Feagin Jr. Sports Medicine Fellowship, Keller Army Hospital, United States Military Academy, NY, USA
| | - Martin Mrazik
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, AB, Canada
| | - Johna K Register-Mihalik
- Matthew Gfeller Center, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina, NC, USA
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill NC, USA
- STAR Heel Performance Laboratory, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Assayag N, Berger I, Parush S, Mell H, Bar-Shalita T. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms, Sensation-Seeking, and Sensory Modulation Dysfunction in Substance Use Disorder: A Cross Sectional Two-Group Comparative Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19052541. [PMID: 35270233 PMCID: PMC8909105 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and sensation-seeking, a trait characterized by risk-related behaviors, have been recognized as risk factors in substance use disorder (SUD). Though ADHD co-occurs with sensory modulation dysfunction (SMD), SMD has scarcely been explored in SUD. Thus, this study aimed to characterize ADHD symptomology, sensation-seeking, and SMD, as well as to explore their contribution to SUD likelihood. Methods: A cross sectional two-group comparative study including therapeutic community residents with SUD (n = 58; study group) and healthy individuals (n = 62; comparison group) applying the MOXO continuous performance test (MOXO-CPT) evaluating ADHD-related symptoms. In addition, participants completed the ADHD Self-Report Scale—Version 1.1 for ADHD screening; the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale quantifying risk-taking behaviors; and the Sensory Responsiveness Questionnaire-Intensity Scale for identifying SMD. Results: The study group demonstrated higher SMD incidence (53.57% vs. 14.52%) and lower performance in three MOXO-CPT indexes: Attention, Impulsivity, and Hyperactivity, but not in Timing, compared to the comparison group. Sensory over-responsiveness had the strongest relationship with SUD, indicating 27-times increased odds for SUD (95% CI = 5.965, 121.216; p ≤ 0.0001). A probability risk index is proposed. Conclusion: We found SMD with the strongest relation to SUD exceeding that of ADHD, thus contributing a new perspective for developing future therapeutic modalities. Our findings highlight the need to address SMD above and beyond ADHD symptomology throughout the SUD rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naama Assayag
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (N.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Itai Berger
- Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Division, Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 8443944, Israel;
- School of Social Work and Social Welfare, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel
| | - Shula Parush
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (N.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Haim Mell
- Department of Criminology, Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Yezreel Valley 1930600, Israel;
| | - Tami Bar-Shalita
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Correspondence:
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Pérez de Albéniz Garrote G, Rubio L, Medina Gómez B, Buedo-Guirado C. Smartphone Abuse Amongst Adolescents: The Role of Impulsivity and Sensation Seeking. Front Psychol 2021; 12:746626. [PMID: 34975636 PMCID: PMC8716721 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.746626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is the stage of development where the reward and emotional regulation systems are yet to be adjusted and where most excessive behaviors start, like smartphone abuse. In addition, in this evolutionary period adolescents are more susceptible to behavioral changes through specific interventions or educational programs. Thus, it is fundamental to analyze the personality profile of those adolescents showing excessive mobile phone usage to properly approach later prevention strategies. Impulsivity is one of the most repeated variables associated with teenage addictions, although it has been observed that not all impulsive behaviors need to be detrimental. The aim of this study is to analyze how impulsivity affects smartphone addiction directly, but also indirectly, by assessing its association with sensation seeking variables (thrill and adventure seeking, experience seeking, disinhibition, and boredom susceptibility) which are in turn decisive when using these technologies improperly. The sample was made up of 614 adolescents aged 13-18 attending secondary education from Burgos, Spain. Dickman Impulsivity Inventory, Sensation Seeking Scale, and Ad-hoc questionnaire on adolescent self-perception as to smartphone use were applied. Results show that 41.4% of participants admit to abusing smartphones sometimes, while 18.3% admit to abusing them more frequently and 24% to, at least ever, having defined themselves as smartphone addicts. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that gender (female), dysfunctional impulsivity and sensation seeking (disinhibition and thrill and adventure seeking) evidence 15.7% of variance in smartphone abuse. In addition, sensation seeking (thrill and adventure seeking, disinhibition, and boredom susceptibility) were found to mediate the relationship between dysfunctional impulsivity and smartphone abuse. Therefore, dysfunctional impulsivity was directly connected with teenage smartphone abuse, but also had an indirect stronger association through thrill and adventure seeking, disinhibition and boredom susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Rubio
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Begoña Medina Gómez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
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14
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Liebel SW, Van Pelt KL, Garcia GGP, Czerniak LL, McCrea MA, McAllister TW, Broglio SP. The Relationship between Sport-Related Concussion and Sensation-Seeking. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239097. [PMID: 33265913 PMCID: PMC7729784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensation-seeking, or the need for novel and exciting experiences, is thought to play a role in sport-related concussion (SRC), yet much remains unknown regarding these relationships and, more importantly, how sensation-seeking influences SRC risk. The current study assessed sensation-seeking, sport contact level, and SRC history and incidence in a large sample of NCAA collegiate athletes. Data included a full study sample of 22,374 baseline evaluations and a sub-sample of 2037 incident SRC. Independent samples t-test, analysis of covariance, and hierarchical logistic regression were constructed to address study hypotheses. Results showed that (1) among participants without SRC, sensation-seeking scores were higher in athletes playing contact sports compared to those playing limited- or non-contact sports (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.007, η2p = 0.003); (2) in the full study sample, a one-point increase in sensation-seeking scores resulted in a 21% greater risk of prior SRC (OR = 1.212; 95% CI: 1.154-1.272), and in the incident SRC sub-sample, a 28% greater risk of prior SRC (OR = 1.278; 95% CI: 1.104-1.480); (3) a one-point increase in sensation-seeking scores resulted in a 12% greater risk of incident SRC among the full study sample; and (4) sensation-seeking did not vary as a function of incident SRC (p = 0.281, η2p = 0.000). Our findings demonstrate the potential usefulness of considering sensation-seeking in SRC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer W. Liebel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Michigan Concussion Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Kathryn L. Van Pelt
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40504, USA;
| | - Gian-Gabriel P. Garcia
- Department of Industrial and Operations Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (G.-G.P.G.); (L.L.C.)
| | - Lauren L. Czerniak
- Department of Industrial and Operations Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (G.-G.P.G.); (L.L.C.)
| | - Michael A. McCrea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, WI 53226, USA;
| | - Thomas W. McAllister
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Steven P. Broglio
- Michigan Concussion Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
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15
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Molero Jurado MDM, Pérez-Fuentes MDC, Simón Márquez MDM, Barragán Martín AB, Sisto M, Gázquez Linares JJ. Relationship Between Impulsivity, Sensation-Seeking, and Drug Use in Aggressors and Victims of Violence. Front Psychol 2020; 11:600055. [PMID: 33192948 PMCID: PMC7661777 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.600055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The impulsivity, sensation-seeking, and drug use variables, in addition to being closely related, have repercussions on peer conflict and violence in schools. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between impulsivity, sensation-seeking, and drug use in aggressors and victims of violence. Methods: The study design was cross-sectional and observational. The study sample was made up of 822 students aged 13-18 who had completed an ad hoc questionnaire, the State Impulsivity Scale and the Sensation-Seeking Scale. Results: The results showed that the aggressors had high levels of gratification, automatism, attentional factor, disinhibition, and susceptibility to boredom and used alcohol and/or tobacco. Conclusion: The design of an effective education intervention for reducing risk behaviors related to violence must focus on these variables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Del Carmen Pérez-Fuentes
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay
| | | | | | - Maria Sisto
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
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Ellingson JM, Corley R, Hewitt JK, Friedman NP. A prospective study of alcohol involvement and the dual-systems model of adolescent risk-taking during late adolescence and emerging adulthood. Addiction 2019; 114:653-661. [PMID: 30398695 PMCID: PMC6411436 DOI: 10.1111/add.14489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To estimate interactions and unique effects of behavioral approach and behavioral control on alcohol involvement hypothesized by dual-systems models, during adolescence and emerging adulthood. DESIGN In a longitudinal study, behavioral approach and behavioral control were examined in relation to alcohol involvement, cross-sectionally and prospectively. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 846 general population twins born in Colorado, USA were assessed twice (mean = 17.3 and 22.8 years; female = 51.4%; white = 91.8%). MEASUREMENTS Behavioral approach was measured by self-report questionnaires of sensation-seeking and subjective effects of alcohol. Behavioral control was measured by self-reported lack of planning and nine executive functioning (EF) tasks. Interviewers administered semi-structured clinical interviews to assess alcohol use and disorder (AUD). FINDINGS None of 36 interaction effects was statistically significant (β = -0.16-0.14, P > 0.06), suggesting that dual systems are additively related to alcohol involvement. In multiple regression models, behavioral approach and behavioral control explained independent variance in alcohol use quantity (β = 0.09-0.33, P < 0.04) and frequency (β = -0.11-0.29, P < 0.03) at both waves. During adolescence, only subjective effects (β = 0.27-0.28, P < 0.001) explained independent variance in AUD. Moreover, measures of the same construct explained independent variance in alcohol involvement: for behavioral control, lack of planning and EF were associated with alcohol frequency in adolescence (β = -0.11-0.25, P < 0.02) and AUD in emerging adulthood (β = -0.09-0.16, P < 0.03). For the behavioral approach, subjective effects were associated with all measures at both waves (β = 0.20-0.33, P < 0.01) and sensation-seeking was associated with all measures in emerging adulthood (β = 0.09-0.11, P < 0.04). In prospective models, adolescent alcohol involvement was associated with later lack of planning (β = 0.12-0.18, P < 0.03) and lack of planning in adolescence was associated with later alcohol involvement (β = 0.12-0.14, P < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Both the behavioral approach and behavioral control components of dual-systems models explain alcohol involvement during adolescence and adulthood, and different measures of the same system assess separate risk processes. The relations between alcohol involvement and the dual systems appear to be bidirectional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod M. Ellingson
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience,Correspondence regarding this article should be sent to: Jarrod Ellingson, Department of Psychology
and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 345, Boulder, CO 80301,
| | - Robin Corley
- University of Colorado Boulder, Institute for Behavioral Genetics
| | - John K. Hewitt
- University of Colorado Boulder, Institute for Behavioral Genetics
| | - Naomi P. Friedman
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience,University of Colorado Boulder, Institute for Behavioral Genetics
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17
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Espinoza L, Richardson JL, Ferguson K, Chou CP, Baezconde-Garbanati L, Stacy AW. Adolescent Substance Use and Sensation-Seeking on Sexual Behaviors Among Young Adults from Continuation High Schools. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:373-383. [PMID: 30654684 PMCID: PMC6438727 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1496453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth from continuation high schools report greater substance use and sensation-seeking than youth from regular high schools, yet their long-term consequences on age at sexual onset and the number of sexual partners are unknown. OBJECTIVE To examine substance use, sensation-seeking and sexual behaviors by gender and race/ethnicity and the effects of substance use and sensation-seeking in adolescence on age at sexual initiation and numbers of sexual partners by young adulthood. METHODS Baseline and 4-year follow-up data on youth from 14 continuation high schools in Southern California who participated in a drug abuse prevention intervention were analyzed. Structural equation modeling assessed whether or not substance use or sensation-seeking in adolescence predicted age at sexual onset and numbers of sexual partners by young adulthood. RESULTS Latinos had lower sensation-seeking and frequency of substance use and a later age at sexual onset than non-Latinos. Males were more likely than females to have multiple lifetime and recent sexual partners. The effects of adolescent substance use on the number of sexual partners by young adulthood were mediated fully by their age at sexual initiation. Sensation-seeking had no direct or indirect effects on sexual behaviors. Conclusions/Importance: Factors leading to and actual sexual risk behaviors among youth from continuation high schools vary by race/ethnicity and gender. Targeting these antecedent factors by race/ethnicity and gender may improve prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Espinoza
- a Department of Public Health , California State University Fullerton , Fullerton , California , USA
| | - Jean L Richardson
- b Department of Preventive Medicine , Institute for Prevention Research University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - Kristin Ferguson
- c School of Social Work , Arizona State University , Phoenix , Arizona , USA
| | - Chih-Ping Chou
- b Department of Preventive Medicine , Institute for Prevention Research University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - Lourdes Baezconde-Garbanati
- b Department of Preventive Medicine , Institute for Prevention Research University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - Alan W Stacy
- d School of Community & Global Health , Claremont Graduate University , Claremont , California , USA
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18
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Lydon-Staley DM, Geier CF. Age-Varying Associations Between Cigarette Smoking, Sensation Seeking, and Impulse Control Through Adolescence and Young Adulthood. J Res Adolesc 2018; 28:354-367. [PMID: 28891119 PMCID: PMC5845819 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Sensation seeking (SS) and impulse control (IC) are constructs at the core of dual systems models of adolescent risk taking. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, age-varying associations between SS and IC (predictors) and both any smoking in the previous 30 days and daily smoking (outcomes) were examined. The association between SS and both any smoking in the previous 30 days and daily smoking was strongest during adolescence. IC was consistently associated with any smoking in the previous 30 days and daily smoking, with the strongest association emerging during the mid-20s to early 30s. The results provide a nuanced perspective on when the components of dual systems models may be most related to smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Lydon-Staley
- Corresponding author: Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, 119 Health and Human Development, University Park, PA 16802. . Phone: 814-867-6472
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19
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Mujica-Parodi LR, Cha J, Gao J. From Anxious to Reckless: A Control Systems Approach Unifies Prefrontal-Limbic Regulation Across the Spectrum of Threat Detection. Front Syst Neurosci 2017; 11:18. [PMID: 28439230 PMCID: PMC5383661 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2017.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we provide an integrative review of basic control circuits, and introduce techniques by which their regulation can be quantitatively measured using human neuroimaging. We illustrate the utility of the control systems approach using four human neuroimaging threat detection studies (N = 226), to which we applied circuit-wide analyses in order to identify the key mechanism underlying individual variation. In so doing, we build upon the canonical prefrontal-limbic control system to integrate circuit-wide influence from the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). These were incorporated into a computational control systems model constrained by neuroanatomy and designed to replicate our experimental data. In this model, the IFG acts as an informational set point, gating signals between the primary prefrontal-limbic negative feedback loop and its cortical information-gathering loop. Along the cortical route, if the sensory cortex provides sufficient information to make a threat assessment, the signal passes to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), whose threat-detection threshold subsequently modulates amygdala outputs. However, if signal outputs from the sensory cortex do not provide sufficient information during the first pass, the signal loops back to the sensory cortex, with each cycle providing increasingly fine-grained processing of sensory data. Simulations replicate IFG (chaotic) dynamics experimentally observed at both ends at the threat-detection spectrum. As such, they identify distinct types of IFG disconnection from the circuit, with associated clinical outcomes. If IFG thresholds are too high, the IFG and sensory cortex cycle for too long; in the meantime the coarse-grained (excitatory) pathway will dominate, biasing ambiguous stimuli as false positives. On the other hand, if cortical IFG thresholds are too low, the inhibitory pathway will suppress the amygdala without cycling back to the sensory cortex for much-needed fine-grained sensory cortical data, biasing ambiguous stimuli as false negatives. Thus, the control systems model provides a consistent mechanism for IFG regulation, capable of producing results consistent with our data for the full spectrum of threat-detection: from fearful to optimal to reckless. More generally, it illustrates how quantitative characterization of circuit dynamics can be used to unify a fundamental dimension across psychiatric affective symptoms, with implications for populations that range from anxiety disorders to addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilianne R Mujica-Parodi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University School of MedicineStony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jiook Cha
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University School of MedicineStony Brook, NY, USA
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20
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Harvanko A, Martin C, Lile J, Kryscio R, Kelly T. Individual differences in the reinforcing and subjective effects of d-amphetamine: Dimensions of impulsivity. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2016; 24:436-446. [PMID: 27929346 PMCID: PMC5152693 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has shown a relationship between impulsive personality and the subjective and reinforcing effects of d-amphetamine. Impulsive personality, however, is comprised of multiple dimensions. The association between different dimensions of impulsive personality and the subjective and reinforcing effects of d-amphetamine is unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the independent contributions of the "sensation-seeking" and "impulsivity" dimensions of the impulsive sensation-seeking subscale of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ) to the subjective and reinforcing effects of d-amphetamine. Forty healthy emerging adults varying in scores on the sensation-seeking and impulsivity dimensions of the ZKPQ participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study comprised of 4 2-day blocks. Each 2-day block consisted of a sample day and self-administration day. Subjective effects and physiological measurements were taken prior to, and hourly for 3 hr following, dose administration. On sample days participants were given 8 capsules containing 0, 1, or 2 mg d-amphetamine. On self-administration days participants were able to earn capsules containing the same dose of d-amphetamine that was administered on the previous sample day by responding on a Modified Progressive Ratio Task. The "sensation-seeking" dimension was positively associated with drug taking on the Modified Progressive Ratio Task, subjective effects (e.g., "good effect"), and heart rate. However, no clear relationship between the "impulsivity" dimension and outcome measures was observed. In conclusion, these data suggest that the narrow sensation-seeking dimension of impulsive sensation-seeking is associated with initial drug liking and drug taking behavior and may be a key predictor of drug use initiation. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Arit Harvanko
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY,Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Joshua Lile
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY,Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY,Department of Psychiatry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Richard Kryscio
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Thomas Kelly
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY,Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY,Department of Psychiatry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, Corresponding senior author Address correspondence to: Thomas H. Kelly, Ph.D., Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky , Telephone: 859-323-5206, Fax: 859-323-4077
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Norbury A, Valton V, Rees G, Roiser JP, Husain M. Shared Neural Mechanisms for the Evaluation of Intense Sensory Stimulation and Economic Reward, Dependent on Stimulation-Seeking Behavior. J Neurosci 2016; 36:10026-38. [PMID: 27683900 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1048-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Why are some people strongly motivated by intense sensory experiences? Here we investigated how people encode the value of an intense sensory experience compared with economic reward, and how this varies according to stimulation-seeking preference. Specifically, we used a novel behavioral task in combination with computational modeling to derive the value individuals assigned to the opportunity to experience an intense tactile stimulus (mild electric shock). We then examined functional imaging data recorded during task performance to see how the opportunity to experience the sensory stimulus was encoded in stimulation-seekers versus stimulation-avoiders. We found that for individuals who positively sought out this kind of sensory stimulation, there was common encoding of anticipated economic and sensory rewards in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Conversely, there was robust encoding of the modeled probability of receiving such stimulation in the insula only in stimulation-avoidant individuals. Finally, we found preliminary evidence that sensory prediction error signals may be positively signed for stimulation-seekers, but negatively signed for stimulation-avoiders, in the posterior cingulate cortex. These findings may help explain why high intensity sensory experiences are appetitive for some individuals, but not for others, and may have relevance for the increased vulnerability for some psychopathologies, but perhaps increased resilience for others, in high sensation-seeking individuals. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT People vary in their preference for intense sensory experiences. Here, we investigated how different individuals evaluate the prospect of an unusual sensory experience (electric shock), compared with the opportunity to gain a more traditional reward (money). We found that in a subset of individuals who sought out such unusual sensory stimulation, anticipation of the sensory outcome was encoded in the same way as that of monetary gain, in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Further understanding of stimulation-seeking behavior may shed light on the etiology of psychopathologies such as addiction, for which high or low sensation-seeking personality has been identified as a risk factor.
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Pérez Fuentes MDC, Molero Jurado MDM, Carrión Martínez JJ, Mercader Rubio I, Gázquez JJ. Sensation-Seeking and Impulsivity as Predictors of Reactive and Proactive Aggression in Adolescents. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1447. [PMID: 27729883 PMCID: PMC5037130 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In adolescence, such matters as substance use and impulsiveness may give rise to problematic behavior repertoires. This study was therefore done to analyze the predictive value of sensation-seeking and impulsiveness dimensions related to the functions of aggression (reactive/proactive) and types of expression (physical/relational). A total of 822 high school students in Almeria (Spain) aged 13–18, were administered the Sensation-Seeking Scale, the State Impulsiveness Scale and Peer Conflict Scale. The results show the existence of a positive correlation of the majority of factors analyzed, both in impulsiveness and sensation-seeking, with respect to the different types of aggression. Furthermore, aggressive behavior is explained by the combination of a sensation-seeking factor (Disinhibition) and two impulsiveness factors (Gratification and Automatism). This study shows the need to analyze aggression as a multidimensional construct.
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Wang B, Deveaux L, Lunn S, Dinaj-Koci V, Li X, Stanton B. The influence of sensation-seeking and parental and peer influences in early adolescence on risk involvement through middle adolescence: A structural equation modeling analysis. Youth Soc 2016; 48:220-241. [PMID: 27030784 PMCID: PMC4809429 DOI: 10.1177/0044118x13487228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the relationships between youth and parental sensation-seeking, peer influence, parental monitoring and youth risk involvement in adolescence using structural equation modeling. Beginning in grade-six, longitudinal data were collected from 543 students over three years. Youth sensation-seeking in grade six contributed to risk involvement in early adolescence (grades six and seven) indirectly through increased peer risk influence and decreased parental monitoring but did not have a direct contribution. It contributed directly and indirectly to risk involvement in middle adolescence (grades eight and nine). Parent sensation-seeking at baseline was positively associated with peer risk influence and negatively associated with parental monitoring; it had no direct effect on adolescent risk involvement. Parental monitoring buffers negative peer influence on adolescent risk involvement. Results highlight the need for intervention efforts to provide normative feedback about adolescent risky behaviors and to vary among families in which parents and/or youth have high sensation-seeking propensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Pediatric Prevention Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Lynette Deveaux
- Office of HIV/AIDS, the Bahamas Ministry of Health, Nassau, The Bahamas
| | - Sonja Lunn
- Office of HIV/AIDS, the Bahamas Ministry of Health, Nassau, The Bahamas
| | - Veronica Dinaj-Koci
- Pediatric Prevention Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Pediatric Prevention Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Bonita Stanton
- Pediatric Prevention Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Chester DS, DeWall CN, Derefinko KJ, Estus S, Lynam DR, Peters JR, Jiang Y. Looking for reward in all the wrong places: dopamine receptor gene polymorphisms indirectly affect aggression through sensation-seeking. Soc Neurosci 2015; 11:487-94. [PMID: 26592425 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2015.1119191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with genotypes that code for reduced dopaminergic brain activity often exhibit a predisposition toward aggression. However, it remains largely unknown how dopaminergic genotypes may increase aggression. Lower-functioning dopamine systems motivate individuals to seek reward from external sources such as illicit drugs and other risky experiences. Based on emerging evidence that aggression is a rewarding experience, we predicted that the effect of lower-functioning dopaminergic functioning on aggression would be mediated by tendencies to seek the environment for rewards. Caucasian female and male undergraduates (N = 277) were genotyped for five polymorphisms of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene; they reported their previous history of aggression and their dispositional reward-seeking. Lower-functioning DRD2 profiles were associated with greater sensation-seeking, which then predicted greater aggression. Our findings suggest that lower-functioning dopaminergic activity puts individuals at risk for violence because it motivates them to experience aggression's hedonically rewarding qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Chester
- a Department of Psychology , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - C Nathan DeWall
- a Department of Psychology , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - Karen J Derefinko
- b Department of Preventive Medicine , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , USA
| | - Steven Estus
- c Department of Physiology , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA.,d Sanders-Brown Center on Aging , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - Donald R Lynam
- e Department of Psychological Sciences , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA
| | - Jessica R Peters
- a Department of Psychology , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA.,f Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior , Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Yang Jiang
- d Sanders-Brown Center on Aging , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA.,g Department of Behavioral Science , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
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Norbury A, Kurth-Nelson Z, Winston JS, Roiser JP, Husain M. Dopamine Regulates Approach-Avoidance in Human Sensation-Seeking. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 18:pyv041. [PMID: 25857822 PMCID: PMC4648156 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensation-seeking is a trait that constitutes an important vulnerability factor for a variety of psychopathologies with high social cost. However, little is understood either about the mechanisms underlying motivation for intense sensory experiences or their neuropharmacological modulation in humans. METHODS Here, we first evaluate a novel paradigm to investigate sensation-seeking in humans. This test probes the extent to which participants choose either to avoid or self-administer an intense tactile stimulus (mild electric stimulation) orthogonal to performance on a simple economic decision-making task. Next we investigate in a different set of participants whether this behavior is sensitive to manipulation of dopamine D2 receptors using a within-subjects, placebo-controlled, double-blind design. RESULTS In both samples, individuals with higher self-reported sensation-seeking chose a greater proportion of mild electric stimulation-associated stimuli, even when this involved sacrifice of monetary gain. Computational modelling analysis determined that people who assigned an additional positive economic value to mild electric stimulation-associated stimuli exhibited speeding of responses when choosing these stimuli. In contrast, those who assigned a negative value exhibited slowed responses. These findings are consistent with involvement of low-level, approach-avoidance processes. Furthermore, the D2 antagonist haloperidol selectively decreased the additional economic value assigned to mild electric stimulation-associated stimuli in individuals who showed approach reactions to these stimuli under normal conditions (behavioral high-sensation seekers). CONCLUSIONS These findings provide the first direct evidence of sensation-seeking behavior being driven by an approach-avoidance-like mechanism, modulated by dopamine, in humans. They provide a framework for investigation of psychopathologies for which extreme sensation-seeking constitutes a vulnerability factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Norbury
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience (Ms Norbury and Drs Winston and Roiser), Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging (Drs Kurth-Nelson and Winston), Max Plank-UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing (Dr Kurth-Nelson), University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental Psychology and Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (Professor Husain).
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Moynihan AB, van Tilburg WAP, Igou ER, Wisman A, Donnelly AE, Mulcaire JB. Eaten up by boredom: consuming food to escape awareness of the bored self. Front Psychol 2015; 6:369. [PMID: 25883579 PMCID: PMC4381486 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Research indicates that being bored affectively marks an appraised lack of meaning in the present situation and in life. We propose that state boredom increases eating in an attempt to distract from this experience, especially among people high in objective self-awareness. Three studies were conducted to investigate boredom’s effects on eating, both naturally occurring in a diary study and manipulated in two experiments. In Study 1, a week-long diary study showed that state boredom positively predicted calorie, fat, carbohydrate, and protein consumption. In Study 2, a high (vs. low) boredom task increased the desire to snack as opposed to eating something healthy, especially amongst those participants high in objective self-awareness. In addition, Study 3 demonstrated that among people high in objective self-awareness, high (vs. low) boredom increased the consumption of less healthy foods and the consumption of more exciting, healthy foods. However, this did not extend to unexciting, healthy food. Collectively, these novel findings signify the role of boredom in predicting maladaptive and adaptive eating behaviors as a function of the need to distant from the experience of boredom. Further, our results suggest that more exciting, healthy food serves as alternative to maladaptive consumption following boredom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Moynihan
- SOCO-UL Lab, Department of Psychology, Education & Health Sciences Faculty, University of Limerick Limerick, Ireland
| | - Wijnand A P van Tilburg
- Centre for Research on Self and Identity, School of Psychology, University of Southampton Southampton, UK
| | - Eric R Igou
- SOCO-UL Lab, Department of Psychology, Education & Health Sciences Faculty, University of Limerick Limerick, Ireland
| | - Arnaud Wisman
- School of Psychology, Keynes College, University of Kent Canterbury, UK
| | - Alan E Donnelly
- Centre for Physical Activity and Health Research, Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, Education & Health Sciences Faculty, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Kang JI, Park CI, Sohn SY, Kim HW, Namkoong K, Kim SJ. Circadian preference and trait impulsivity, sensation-seeking and response inhibition in healthy young adults. Chronobiol Int 2014; 32:235-41. [PMID: 25286137 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2014.965313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Circadian preference has been considered related with impulsivity. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between circadian typology and impulsivity measured by the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS), sensation-seeking measured by the Sensation Seeking Scale - Form V (SSS-V) and response inhibition elicited by the GO/NO-GO paradigm. A total of 503 Korean healthy college students (288 males and 215 females) completed the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) for circadian typology and the BIS and SSS-V for impulsivity and risk taking, respectively. A subset of 142 subjects additionally performed the computerized GO/NO-GO task for motor response inhibition. A significant association was found between the circadian typology of the CSM and impulsivity of the BIS and disinhibition of SSS-V. In addition, there was a difference in trend level between the circadian typology and response inhibition elicited by the GO/NO-GO test. Regarding circadian preference, evening types were significantly associated with higher impulsivity on the BIS, disinhibition on the SSS-V and lower rate of successful inhibition on the GO/NO-GO task compared to morning types. The present results showed significant relationships between circadian preference and impulsivity and sensation-seeking personality traits. In particular, our findings suggest that high impulsivity, disinhibition and impaired response inhibition are more related to evening types. Circadian preference might be associated with psychiatric problems interacting with some aspects of personality traits such as inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee In Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea and
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Hamilton HA, Boak A, Ilie G, Mann RE. Energy drink consumption and associations with demographic characteristics, drug use and injury among adolescents. Can J Public Health 2013; 104:e496-501. [PMID: 24495828 DOI: 10.17269/cjph.104.3998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine energy drink consumption and its association with demographic characteristics, drug use, and injury among adolescents. METHODS Data on 4,342 adolescents were derived from the 2011 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey, a province-wide school-based survey of students in grades 7 through 12. The survey was based on a two-stage cluster design and analyses include appropriate adjustments for the complex sample design. RESULTS Overall, 49.6% of adolescents had consumed energy drinks in the previous year. A total of 13.8% of seventh grade students had consumed energy drinks in the previous week compared to 19.1% of adolescents overall. Energy drink consumption in the previous year was highly associated with having used tobacco and cannabis in the previous year, the non-medicinal use of prescription drugs in the previous year, and binge drinking in the previous month. Consumption was also highly associated with sensation-seeking and self-reports of medical treatment for an injury (reported by 16% and 42% of adolescents, respectively). The odds of consuming energy drinks did not vary significantly for males and females, and sex was not a significant moderator of the associations examined. CONCLUSION These findings support the need for greater awareness of the extent of energy drink consumption among individual adolescents and the potential that additional health and behavioural risks may be associated with consumption.
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Ersche KD, Jones PS, Williams GB, Smith DG, Bullmore ET, Robbins TW. Distinctive personality traits and neural correlates associated with stimulant drug use versus familial risk of stimulant dependence. Biol Psychiatry 2013; 74:137-44. [PMID: 23273722 PMCID: PMC3705207 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stimulant drugs such as cocaine and amphetamine have a high abuse liability, but not everyone who uses them develops dependence. However, the risk for dependence is increased for individuals with a family history of addiction. We hypothesized that individuals without a family history of dependence who have been using cocaine recreationally for several years but have not made the transition to dependence will differ in terms of personality traits and brain structure from individuals who are either dependent on stimulants or at risk for dependence. METHODS We compared 27 individuals without a familial risk of dependence who had been using cocaine recreationally with 50 adults with stimulant dependence, their nondependent siblings (n = 50), and unrelated healthy volunteers (n = 52) who had neither a personal nor a family history of dependence. All participants underwent a magnetic resonance imaging brain scan and completed a selection of personality measures that have been associated with substance abuse. RESULTS Increased sensation-seeking traits and abnormal orbitofrontal and parahippocampal volume were shared by individuals who were dependent on stimulant drugs or used cocaine recreationally. By contrast, increased levels of impulsive and compulsive personality traits and limbic-striatal enlargement were shared by stimulant-dependent individuals and their unaffected siblings. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence for distinct neurobiological phenotypes that are either associated with familial vulnerability for dependence or with regular stimulant drug use. Our findings further suggest that some individuals with high sensation-seeking traits but no familial vulnerability for dependence are likely to use cocaine but may have relatively low risk for developing dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D. Ersche
- University of Cambridge, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Departments of Experimental Psychology and Psychiatry, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Address correspondence to Karen D. Ersche, Ph.D., University of Cambridge, Department of Psychiatry, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Brain Mapping Unit, Herchel Smith Building, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
| | - P. Simon Jones
- University of Cambridge, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Departments of Experimental Psychology and Psychiatry, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Guy B. Williams
- University of Cambridge, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Departments of Experimental Psychology and Psychiatry, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dana G. Smith
- University of Cambridge, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Departments of Experimental Psychology and Psychiatry, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Edward T. Bullmore
- University of Cambridge, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Departments of Experimental Psychology and Psychiatry, Cambridge, United Kingdom,GlaxoSmithKline, Clinical Unit Cambridge, United Kingdom,Cambridgeshire & Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor W. Robbins
- University of Cambridge, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Departments of Experimental Psychology and Psychiatry, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Dick DM, Aliev F, Latendresse S, Porjesz B, Schuckit M, Rangaswamy M, Hesselbrock V, Edenberg H, Nurnberger J, Agrawal A, Bierut L, Wang J, Bucholz K, Kuperman S, Kramer J. How phenotype and developmental stage affect the genes we find: GABRA2 and impulsivity. Twin Res Hum Genet 2013; 16:661-9. [PMID: 23561058 PMCID: PMC3663593 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2013.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The detection and replication of genes involved in psychiatric outcome has been notoriously difficult. Phenotypic measurement has been offered as one explanation, although most of this discussion has focused on problems with binary diagnoses. OBJECTIVE This article focuses on two additional components of phenotypic measurement that deserve further consideration in evaluating genetic associations: (1) the measure used to reflect the outcome of interest, and (2) the developmental stage of the study population. We focus our discussion of these issues around the construct of impulsivity and externalizing disorders, and the association of these measures with a specific gene, GABRA2. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Data were analyzed from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism Phase IV assessment of adolescents and young adults (ages 12-26; N = 2,128). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Alcohol dependence, illicit drug dependence, childhood conduct disorder, and adult antisocial personality disorder symptoms were measured by psychiatric interview; Achenbach youth/adult self-report externalizing scale; Zuckerman Sensation-Seeking scale; Barratt Impulsivity scale; NEO extraversion and consciousness. RESULTS GABRA2 was associated with subclinical levels of externalizing behavior as measured by the Achenbach in both the adolescent and young adult samples. Contrary to previous associations in adult samples, it was not associated with clinical-level DSM symptom counts of any externalizing disorders in these younger samples. There was also association with sensation-seeking and extraversion, but only in the adolescent sample. There was no association with the Barratt impulsivity scale or conscientiousness. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the pathway by which GABRA2 initially confers risk for eventual alcohol problems begins with a predisposition to sensation-seeking early in adolescence. The findings support the heterogeneous nature of impulsivity and demonstrate that both the measure used to assess a construct of interest and the age of the participants can have profound implications for the detection of genetic associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Terracciano A, Esko T, Sutin AR, de Moor MHM, Meirelles O, Zhu G, Tanaka T, Giegling I, Nutile T, Realo A, Allik J, Hansell NK, Wright MJ, Montgomery GW, Willemsen G, Hottenga JJ, Friedl M, Ruggiero D, Sorice R, Sanna S, Cannas A, Räikkönen K, Widen E, Palotie A, Eriksson JG, Cucca F, Krueger RF, Lahti J, Luciano M, Smoller JW, van Duijn CM, Abecasis GR, Boomsma DI, Ciullo M, Costa PT, Ferrucci L, Martin NG, Metspalu A, Rujescu D, Schlessinger D, Uda M. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies common variants in CTNNA2 associated with excitement-seeking. Transl Psychiatry 2011; 1:e49. [PMID: 22833195 PMCID: PMC3309493 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2011.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The tendency to seek stimulating activities and intense sensations define excitement-seeking, a personality trait akin to some aspects of sensation-seeking. This trait is a central feature of extraversion and is a component of the multifaceted impulsivity construct. Those who score high on measures of excitement-seeking are more likely to smoke, use other drugs, gamble, drive recklessly, have unsafe/unprotected sex and engage in other risky behaviors of clinical and social relevance. To identify common genetic variants associated with the Excitement-Seeking scale of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, we performed genome-wide association studies in six samples of European ancestry (N=7860), and combined the results in a meta-analysis. We identified a genome-wide significant association between the Excitement-Seeking scale and rs7600563 (P=2 × 10(-8)). This single-nucleotide polymorphism maps within the catenin cadherin-associated protein, alpha 2 (CTNNA2) gene, which encodes for a brain-expressed α-catenin critical for synaptic contact. The effect of rs7600563 was in the same direction in all six samples, but did not replicate in additional samples (N=5105). The results provide insight into the genetics of excitement-seeking and risk-taking, and are relevant to hyperactivity, substance use, antisocial and bipolar disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Terracciano
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - T Esko
- University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia,Estonian Biocenter, Tartu, Estonia
| | - A R Sutin
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M H M de Moor
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O Meirelles
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - G Zhu
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - T Tanaka
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - I Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - T Nutile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - A Realo
- University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - J Allik
- University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - N K Hansell
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - M J Wright
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - G W Montgomery
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - G Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J-J Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Friedl
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - D Ruggiero
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - R Sorice
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - S Sanna
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - A Cannas
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - K Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - J G Eriksson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - F Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - R F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Luciano
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J W Smoller
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands and
| | - G R Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - D I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Ciullo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - P T Costa
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - N G Martin
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - A Metspalu
- University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia,Estonian Biocenter, Tartu, Estonia
| | - D Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - D Schlessinger
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Uda
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
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Ersche KD, Turton AJ, Pradhan S, Bullmore ET, Robbins TW. Drug addiction endophenotypes: impulsive versus sensation-seeking personality traits. Biol Psychiatry 2010; 68:770-3. [PMID: 20678754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic factors have been implicated in the development of substance abuse disorders, but the role of pre-existing vulnerability in addiction is still poorly understood. Personality traits of impulsivity and sensation-seeking are highly prevalent in chronic drug users and have been linked with an increased risk for substance abuse. However, it has not been clear whether these personality traits are a cause or an effect of stimulant drug dependence. METHOD We compared self-reported levels of impulsivity and sensation-seeking between 30 sibling pairs of stimulant-dependent individuals and their biological brothers/sisters who did not have a significant drug-taking history and 30 unrelated, nondrug-taking control volunteers. RESULTS Siblings of chronic stimulant users reported significantly higher levels of trait-impulsivity than control volunteers but did not differ from control volunteers with regard to sensation-seeking traits. Stimulant-dependent individuals reported significantly higher levels of impulsivity and sensation-seeking compared with both their siblings and control volunteers. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that impulsivity is a behavioral endophenotype mediating risk for stimulant dependence that may be exacerbated by chronic drug exposure, whereas abnormal sensation-seeking is more likely to be an effect of stimulant drug abuse.
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Sharif I, Wills TA, Sargent JD. Effect of visual media use on school performance: a prospective study. J Adolesc Health 2010; 46:52-61. [PMID: 20123258 PMCID: PMC2818002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Revised: 05/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify mechanisms for the impact of visual media use on adolescents' school performance. METHODS We conducted a 24-month, four-wave longitudinal telephone study of a national sample of 6,486 youth aged 10 to 14 years. Exposure measures: latent construct for screen exposure time (weekday time spent viewing television/playing videogames, presence of television in bedroom) and variables for movie content (proportion of PG-13 and R movies viewed). OUTCOME MEASURE self- and parent reports of grades in school. Effects of media exposures on change in school performance between baseline and 24 months were assessed using structural equation modeling. Information about hypothesized mediators (substance use, sensation seeking, and school problem behavior) was obtained at baseline and at the 16-month follow-up. RESULTS Adjusted for baseline school performance, baseline levels of mediators, and a range of covariates, both screen exposure time and media content had adverse effects on change in school performance. Screen exposure had an indirect effect on poor school performance through increased sensation seeking. Viewing more PG-13 and R-rated movies had indirect effects on poor school performance mediated through increases in substance use and sensation seeking. R-rated viewing also had an indirect effect on poor school performance through increased school behavior problems. The effect sizes of exposure time and content on the intermediate variables and ultimately on school performance were similar to those for previously recognized determinants of these mediators, including household income, parenting style, and adolescents' self-control. CONCLUSIONS These aspects of visual media use adversely affect school performance by increasing sensation seeking, substance use, and school problem behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Sharif
- Thomas Jefferson University Medical School, Nemours/A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, USA.
| | - Thomas A. Wills
- Professor, Prevention and Control Program, Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii at Manoa
| | - James D. Sargent
- Professor of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH
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Trocki KF, Drabble LA, Midanik LT. Tobacco, marijuana, and sensation seeking: comparisons across gay, lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual groups. Psychol Addict Behav 2009; 23:620-31. [PMID: 20025368 PMCID: PMC2801062 DOI: 10.1037/a0017334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study examined patterns of smoked substances (cigarettes and marijuana) among heterosexuals, gays, lesbians, and bisexuals based on data from the 2000 National Alcohol Survey, a population-based telephone survey of adults in the United States. We also examined the effect of bar patronage and sensation seeking/impulsivity (SSImp) on tobacco and marijuana use. Sexual orientation was defined as lesbian or gay self-identified, bisexual self-identified, heterosexual self-identified with same-sex partners in the past 5 years, and exclusively heterosexual (heterosexual self-identified, reporting no same-sex partners). Findings indicate that bisexual women and heterosexual women reporting same-sex partners had higher rates of cigarette smoking than exclusively heterosexual women. Bisexual women, lesbians, and heterosexual women with same-sex partners also used marijuana at significantly higher rates than exclusively heterosexual women. Marijuana use was significantly greater and tobacco use was elevated among gay men compared with heterosexual men. SSImp was associated with greater use of both of these substances across nearly all groups. Bar patronage and SSImp did not buffer the relationship between sexual identity and smoking either cigarettes or marijuana. These findings suggest that marijuana and tobacco use differ by sexual identity, particularly among women, and underscore the importance of developing prevention and treatment services that are appropriate for sexual minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen F Trocki
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
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Fillmore MT, Ostling EW, Martin CA, Kelly TH. Acute effects of alcohol on inhibitory control and information processing in high and low sensation-seekers. Drug Alcohol Depend 2009; 100:91-9. [PMID: 19004578 PMCID: PMC2647687 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Revised: 09/12/2008] [Accepted: 09/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sensation-seeking is a personality characteristic that has been associated with drug abuse. Some evidence suggests that sensation-seekers might experience increased rewarding effects from drugs of abuse, possibly contributing to the association between sensation-seeking and risk for drug abuse. The present study examined the effects of three doses of alcohol (0.0 g/kg, 0.45 g/kg, and 0.65 g/kg) on inhibitory control, information processing, and subjective ratings in a group of high sensation-seekers and a group of low sensation-seekers (N=20). Inhibitory control was measured by a cued go/no-go task and speed of information processing was assessed by the Rapid Information Processing (RIP) task. Alcohol impaired inhibitory control and information processing. Group differences were also observed. Compared with their low sensation-seeking counterparts, high sensation-seekers demonstrated increased sensitivity to the subjective rewarding effects of alcohol and a poorer degree of inhibitory control that was further impaired by alcohol. The findings highlight reward- and cognitive-based mechanisms by which sensation-seeking could operate to increase risk for alcohol abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T. Fillmore
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY, 40506-0044
| | - Erik W. Ostling
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY, 40506-0044
| | | | - Thomas H. Kelly
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY, 40539-0086
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