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Murnan AW, Keim SA, Klebanoff MA. Exploration of Differences between Women Who Do and Do Not Disclose Their Marijuana Use during Pregnancy. Am J Perinatol 2024; 41:902-908. [PMID: 35240705 PMCID: PMC10008515 DOI: 10.1055/a-1787-6889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore demographic and health-related factors that may differentiate women who do and do not disclose their marijuana use during pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN The current study is a secondary analysis of data from a prospective cohort of pregnant women identified as using marijuana during pregnancy via a variety of assessment tools including self-report, urine screen, and obstetrics record abstraction. The cohort included a convenience sample of women recruited from several antenatal clinics at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (OSUWMC). To be eligible, women needed to be within the first or second trimester of their pregnancy, 16 to 50 years of age, able to communicate in English, and intended to deliver at OSUWMC. Chi-square, independent samples t-tests, and logistic regression analyses were used to explore differences between those who did and did not disclose their use in relation to physical and mental health diagnoses, adverse experiences, use of other substances, and demographics. RESULTS Women who used marijuana during their pregnancy and had mental/physical health data available comprised the current sample (n = 109). Women who attended college were more likely to disclose their marijuana use compared with women who did not attend college (p < 0.001). Women who experienced homelessness (p < 0.01) or self-reported alcohol use during pregnancy (p < 0.001) were significantly more likely to disclose their marijuana use. CONCLUSION Findings, suggesting disclosure of other substance use and adverse experiences, such as homelessness, may increase the likelihood that pregnant women will voluntarily disclose their marijuana use to providers. Findings did not reflect racial differences nor significant differences in mental/physical health status among women based on their disclosure. Future research with larger datasets is needed to build on these findings by confirming results, as well as exploring additional factors, that may more effectively differentiate women who are unlikely to disclose their prenatal marijuana use from those who do disclose their use. KEY POINTS · Women with higher education were more likely to self-disclose their prenatal marijuana use.. · Women who experienced homelessness were more likely to self-disclose their prenatal marijuana use.. · Self-disclosure of prenatal alcohol use was related to self-disclosure of prenatal marijuana use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron W Murnan
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sarah A Keim
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mark A Klebanoff
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
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Imtiaz S, Nigatu YT, Sanches M, Ali F, Boak A, Douglas L, Hamilton HA, Rehm J, Rueda S, Schwartz RM, Wells S, Elton-Marshall T. Effects of cannabis legalisation on patterns of cannabis consumption among adolescents in Ontario, Canada (2001-2019). Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:764-774. [PMID: 38015010 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cannabis legalisation was enacted on 17 October 2018 in Canada. Accordingly, the effects of cannabis legalisation on patterns of cannabis consumption were examined among adolescents, including on cannabis initiation, any cannabis use, daily cannabis use and cannabis dependence. METHODS Data from a biennial population-based, cross-sectional survey of students in Ontario were pooled in a pre-post design (2001-2019; N = 89,238). Participants provided self-reports of cannabis initiation, any cannabis use, daily cannabis use and cannabis dependence. Long-term trends in these patterns of cannabis consumption over two decades of observation were characterised to provide a broader context of usage. The effects of cannabis legalisation on patterns of cannabis consumption were quantified using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Long-term trends over the two decades of observation indicated that cannabis initiation decreased and then increased (p = 0.0220), any cannabis use decreased and daily cannabis use decreased (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0001, respectively) and cannabis dependence remained unchanged (p = 0.1187). However, in comparisons between the pre-cannabis legalisation period (2001-2017) and the post-cannabis legalisation period (2019), cannabis legalisation was not associated with cannabis initiation (odds ratio; 95% confidence interval 1.00; 0.79-1.27), but it was associated with an increased likelihood of any cannabis use (1.31; 1.12-1.53), daily cannabis use (1.40; 1.09-1.80) and cannabis dependence (1.98; 1.29-3.04). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Cannabis legalisation was not associated with cannabis initiation, but it was associated with an increased likelihood of any cannabis use, daily cannabis use and cannabis dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Imtiaz
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yeshambel T Nigatu
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marcos Sanches
- Biostatistical Support Unit, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Farihah Ali
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Angela Boak
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Laura Douglas
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hayley A Hamilton
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of International Health Projects, Institute for Leadership and Health Management, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergio Rueda
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert M Schwartz
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Samantha Wells
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Tara Elton-Marshall
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Health Sciences, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada
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Fatunbi JA, Monseur BC, Berghella V, Morris JR. Factors Associated with Provider Counseling Against Breastfeeding in the Setting of Marijuana Use: A Population-Based Survey. J Midwifery Womens Health 2024. [PMID: 38204436 DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.13583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to explore patient demographic factors associated with counseling against breastfeeding and concurrent marijuana use. METHODS A cross-sectional study derived using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention administered Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) in collaboration with state and local health departments. This study sample included survey participants whose responses indicate they received counseling discouraging breastfeeding with concurrent marijuana use. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses assessed the relationship between factors associated with counseling against breastfeeding and concurrent marijuana use. RESULTS Of the 10,911 participants in this sample, 9,695 participants who answered the question about receiving counseling discouraging breastfeeding while using marijuana were included in the analysis (89% response rate for the total sample). Twenty nine percent of participants were advised by a provider not to breastfeed while using marijuana. Participants who received this counseling were more likely to be people of color, age less than or equal to 29, with a high school education or less, unmarried, report governmental or no insurance prepregnancy, and report marijuana use postpartum. In the multivariate analysis, age less than or equal to 20 (P = .001), being unmarried (P = .023), and marijuana use postpartum (P = .034) remained associated with counseling against breastfeeding. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that individuals are being counseled differently. Unmarried and young people (age <20 years) were more likely to report receiving counseling against breastfeeding with concurrent marijuana use. Given the growing national acceptability of marijuana use, the known benefits of breastfeeding, and the unclear risks of marijuana in human milk, there is a need to standardize counseling to avoid a missed opportunity to educate breastfeeding populations who use marijuana and to reduce the risk of counseling based on providers' personal attitudes and biases not aligned with evidence-based guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy A Fatunbi
- Reproductive Medicine and Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Sciences Department, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Vernon Hills, Illinois
| | - Brent C Monseur
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, California
| | - Vincenzo Berghella
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jerrine R Morris
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Shady Grove Fertility- Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
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Dang JHT, Chen S, Hall S, Campbell JE, Chen MS, Doescher MP. Tobacco and marijuana use during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown among American Indians residing in California and Oklahoma. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:171. [PMID: 38125581 PMCID: PMC10731663 DOI: 10.18332/tid/174819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION American Indian (AI) people experience a disproportionate tobacco and marijuana burden which may have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Little is known about the tobacco and marijuana habits of American Indian individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study is to examine tobacco and marijuana use as well as change in use during the COVID-19 pandemic among the American Indian community. METHODS This cross-sectional study analyzes survey data from a convenience sample of American Indian individuals residing in California and Oklahoma and included adults with and without cancer that resided in both rural and urban areas (n=1068). RESULTS During October 2020 - January 2021, 36.0% of participants reported current use of tobacco products, 9.9% reported current use of marijuana products, and 23.7% reported increased use of tobacco and/or marijuana in the past 30 days, with no difference between those with cancer and those without cancer. Tobacco use was associated with marital status, age, employment status, COVID-19 exposure, COVID-19 beliefs, and alcohol consumption. Marijuana use was associated with COVID-19 beliefs, alcohol consumption, and income level. Increased tobacco and/or marijuana use was associated with baseline use of those products. Nearly a quarter of participants reported increased use of tobacco and/or marijuana products during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS We observed high rates of tobacco use during the COVID-19 pandemic, consistent with other studies. Research is needed to examine whether tobacco and marijuana use will decrease to pre-pandemic levels post-pandemic or if these behaviors will persist post-pandemic. Given these findings, there is a pressing need to increase access to evidence-based tobacco and marijuana treatment services in the AI population post COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie H T Dang
- Division of Health Policy and Management, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, United States
| | - Sixia Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Spencer Hall
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Janis E Campbell
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Moon S Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, United States
| | - Mark P Doescher
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma College of Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, United States
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, United States
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Ruiz Santos P, F Barey A, Pautassi RM. Cognitive Distortions Associated with Alcohol and Marijuana Use in Uruguayan Citizens. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 59:680-689. [PMID: 38108303 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2294971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Background: Psychological distress (i.e., incipient symptoms of anxiety, stress, and depression) may promote substance use through increased emission of cognitive distortions. These are automatic irrational thoughts that can promote distress, which in turn increases substance use. Aim: This study analyzed, in a sample of Uruguayan citizens, the unique contribution of cognitive distortions on the frequency and quantity of alcohol or marijuana use, over and above the contribution of psychological distress or the use of emotion regulation strategies. We also assessed whether these variables were associated with having initiated or resumed the use of a substance. Methods: A survey asked about alcohol and marijuana use, psychological distress, emotion regulation strategies, and cognitive distortions. The study comprised a convenience sample of 1132 participants (Mean age = 29.07 ± 8.19 years, 72.26% women). Separate hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted on the frequency and quantity of alcohol or marijuana use, whereas a logistic regression was applied on having initiated or resumed the use of a substance. Results: Several cognitive distortions were significant predictors of frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption or frequency of marijuana use, over and above psychological distress. Differential emission of automatic thoughts was also associated, along with higher scores of psychological distress, with a significantly higher probability of having initiated the use of a new substance or having resumed the use of a substance. Conclusions: Cognitive distortions may promote alcohol and marijuana use. Interventions aimed at modifying these distortions should be considered to reduce the emission of these behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ruiz Santos
- Centro de Investigación Clínica, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Agostina F Barey
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Marcos Pautassi
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Velez Oquendo G, Balaji N, Ignatowicz A, Qutob H. Vanishing Lung Syndrome in a Young Male With Chronic Marijuana Use: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e51223. [PMID: 38283438 PMCID: PMC10821717 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Vanishing lung syndrome (VLS) also known as type I bullae disease or idiopathic bullous disease is characterized by giant emphysematous bullae that commonly develop in the upper lobes, occupying at least one-third of a hemithorax. It is a progressive and irreversible condition that involves pulmonary parenchymal destruction and alveolar dilation. It is commonly associated with middle-aged tobacco smokers, habitual marijuana users, and those with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. This case involves an incarcerated male in his 30s with chronic marijuana smoking who presented with a three-month history of right-sided chest pain accompanied by cough, hemoptysis, fever, and weight loss. The patient reported month-long atypical chest discomfort associated with a cough productive of bloody sputum and was brought to the ED after developing acutely worsening right-sided chest pain. The patient underwent a chest X-ray that revealed a large pneumothorax on the left. Subsequently, CT chest imaging showed extensive bilateral bullous disease, left upper lobe consolidation, and enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. This case illustrates a rare presentation of VLS in the setting of a young patient who other than reported regular marijuana use had no other risk factors and a negative workup for possible etiologies that could cause his severe bullous emphysema, including alpha-1 antitrypsin, HIV, Sjogren's syndrome, pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis, two sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis tests, and acid-fast bacteria sputum cultures, which were all negative. Identifying and assessing the degree of disease early in this progressive disease helps guide treatment while preventing further deterioration of lung parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nivedha Balaji
- Internal Medicine, Northeast Georgia Medical Center Gainsville, Gainesville, USA
| | | | - Hisham Qutob
- Critical Care, Northeast Georgia Medical Center Gainsville, Gainesville, USA
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Drabble LA, Munroe C, Cerezo A, Hughes TL. COVID-19 Concerns, Coping and Perceived Peer Norms: Correlates of Increased Alcohol and Marijuana Use Among Sexual Minority Women. J Homosex 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37976208 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2023.2283835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the impact of COVID-related concerns and other characteristics on alcohol and marijuana use among sexual minority women (SMW). Survey data from a racially/ethnically diverse sample of 338 SMW participants in the Chicago Health and Life Experiences of Women (CHLEW) study were used to examine correlates of three substance use outcomes: frequent intoxication (once a month or more), perceived increase in alcohol use, and perceived increase in marijuana use. Coping motives for alcohol use was positively associated with each of the substance use outcomes. Belief that peers (in terms of age, sexual identity, and gender) used alcohol often to cope was associated with higher odds of frequent intoxication. COVID-19 related financial concerns were positively associated with both frequent intoxication and increased marijuana use. Health and mental health concerns were associated with lower odds of frequent intoxication. Findings underscore the importance of enhancing coping skills, addressing perceived peer coping norms, and providing both economic and social support in intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie A Drabble
- College of Health and Human Sciences, San José State University, San José, California, USA
| | - Cat Munroe
- Public Health Institute, Alcohol Research Group, Alcohol Research Group, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Alison Cerezo
- Dept. of Counseling, Clinical & School Psychology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Tonda L Hughes
- Center for Sexual and Gender Minority Health Research, School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Alhassan HA, Akunor H, Howard A, Donohue J, Kainat A, Onyeaka HK, Aiyer A. Comparison of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cardiometabolic Profiles Between Current and Never Users of Marijuana. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2023; 16:e009609. [PMID: 37860878 DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.122.009609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between marijuana use and cardiovascular health remains uncertain, with several observational studies suggesting a potential association with increased adverse atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) outcomes. This study examined the relationship between marijuana use, ASCVD risk factors, and cardiometabolic risk profiles. METHODS US adults (18-59 years) without cardiovascular disease were identified from the National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2018) based on self-reported marijuana use. Current users (used within the past month) and never users were compared with assess the burden and control of traditional ASCVD risk factors and biomarkers, using inverse probability of treatment weighting to adjust for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, including tobacco use. RESULTS Of the 13 965 participants identified (mean age, 37.5; 51.2% female; 13% non-Hispanic Black), 26.6% were current users. Current users were predominantly male, low-income, and more likely to be concurrent tobacco users. Inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis showed no significant differences in the burden and control of hypertension (19.3% versus 18.8%, P=0.76; 79.8% versus 77.8%, P=0.75), dyslipidemia (24.0% versus 19.9%, P=0.13; 82% versus 75%, P=0.95), diabetes (4.8% versus 6.4%, P=0.19; 52.9% versus 50.6%, P=0.84), obesity (35.8% versus 41.3%, P=0.13), and physical activity levels (71.9% versus 69.3%, P=0.37) between current and never users. Likewise, mean 10-year ASCVD risk scores (2.8% versus 3.0%, P=0.49), 30-year Framingham risk scores (22.7% versus 24.2%, P=0.25), and cardiometabolic profiles including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (3.5 mg/L versus 3.7 mg/L, P=0.65), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (2.1 versus 2.1, P=0.89), low-density lipoprotein (114.3 mg/dL versus 112.2 mg/dL, P=0.53), total cholesterol (191.2 mg/dL versus 181.7 mg/dL, P=0.58), and hemoglobin A1C (5.4% versus 5.5%, P=0.25) were similar between current and never users. CONCLUSIONS This cross-sectional study found no association between self-reported marijuana use and increased burden of traditional ASCVD risk factors, estimated long-term ASCVD risk, or cardiometabolic profiles. Further studies are needed to explore potential pathways between adverse cardiovascular disease outcomes and marijuana use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A Alhassan
- Department of Medicine (H.A.A., A.H.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA
| | - Harriet Akunor
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY (H.A.)
| | - Ato Howard
- Department of Medicine (H.A.A., A.H.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA
| | | | - Aleesha Kainat
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, McKeesport, PA (A.K.)
| | - Henry K Onyeaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/McLean Hospital, Boston (H.K.O.)
| | - Aryan Aiyer
- Heart and Vascular Institute (A.A.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA
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Booth JM, Shaw D, Song H, Sintim D, Pearl D, Pollard J, Weaver E. Examination of the Relationship Between Daily Perceptions of Collective Efficacy and Marijuana Use Among Black Youth: Does the Location of the Perception Matters? Youth Soc 2023; 55:1475-1500. [PMID: 38187889 PMCID: PMC10769106 DOI: 10.1177/0044118x221114425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Neighborhood-level collective efficacy protects Black youth from substance use; however, neighborhood research does not account for the entirety of adolescents' exposure or their perceptions of space which may be critical to understanding the role of context in substance use. To address this limitation, the SPIN Project recruited 65 Black adolescents (M(SD) = 15.32(1.06)) to complete four brief surveys each day for a month describing their perceptions of spaces and marijuana use. Multilevel negative binomial models were estimated to test the relationship between an individual's perceptions of collective efficacy and the marijuana used during a day, and if the location of the observations moderated these relationships. Findings indicated that the perceptions of collective efficacy protected adolescents from marijuana use when occurring within their home neighborhood, but not outside of it; thereby suggesting important variations in adolescents' perceptions based on the location that matter for Black youth marijuana use.
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Cumbo N, Lessner K, Marshall C, Bozorghadad S, Boehmer S, Olympia RP. Demographics and Reported Symptoms Associated With Marijuana Use Among Adolescents and Young Adults. Cureus 2023; 15:e47844. [PMID: 38021571 PMCID: PMC10678748 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Marijuana use has been increasing in the adolescent population. Our objective was to examine the prevalence of marijuana use among a sample of adolescents and young adults, determine an association with risk-taking behaviors, identify reported medical symptoms, and delineate common beliefs about marijuana use. Methods A questionnaire was administered to a sample of patients aged between 12 and 23 years old presenting to the emergency department of Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Data were stratified by marijuana users and non-users, and further stratified by traditional (vape, pipe, edibles) and non-traditional (oils/concentrates, topical creams) use. Results The analysis was based on 200 questionnaires. Thirty-nine percent (n=78) reported marijuana use. Marijuana users were more likely to report previous sexual intercourse (79.5% vs. 32.8%; p=<0.0001), as well as the use of alcohol (50.0% vs. 10.7%; p=<0.0001), cigarettes (41% vs. 8.2%; p=<0.0001), prescription pain medications (20.5% vs. 4.1%; p=0.002), and cocaine (14.1% vs. 0.8%; p=0.0017). Users more likely reported texting while driving (41.0% vs. 13.1%; p=0.005) and experienced physical or electronic victimization due to bullying (43.6% vs. 19.7%; p=0.002). Users were more likely to report gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), attention deficit disorder (ADD), anxiety, and depression. The most common symptoms associated with marijuana use were anxiety (65.4%), headache (61.6%), nausea/vomiting (53.8%), cough (51.3%), and abdominal pain (47.4%). Sixty-nine percent of respondents believed marijuana was "safer than other drugs". Conclusion Based on our sample, we identified risk-taking behaviors, medical symptoms, and beliefs associated with marijuana use. Healthcare professionals may use these data to provide screening and anticipatory guidance to adolescents who use marijuana and consider marijuana use in their differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Cumbo
- Emergency Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA
| | - Kaila Lessner
- Emergency Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA
| | - Ciara Marshall
- Emergency Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA
| | - Sayeh Bozorghadad
- Emergency Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA
| | - Susan Boehmer
- Emergency Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA
| | - Robert P Olympia
- Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA
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Watkins SL, Thompson J, Feld AL, Ling PM, Lee YO. Flavored Cannabis Use and Cannabis-Tobacco Co-use: Patterns In U.S. States With Legalized Nonmedical Adult Use. Am J Prev Med 2023; 65:551-559. [PMID: 37169316 PMCID: PMC10527725 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about inhaled flavored cannabis use. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and patterns of flavored cannabis use and cannabis-tobacco co-use. METHODS This study surveyed adult past 30-day cannabis users in U.S. states and districts that have legalized cannabis for nonmedical/adult use (n=9) (November 2018; n=2,978). By product/behavior (any cannabis, cannabis extract vaporizers, mixed cannabis-nicotine vaporizers, blunts, chasing), the association between flavored (versus non-flavored) use and sociodemographic characteristics, cannabis use disorder symptoms, and tobacco use was estimated using weighted multivariable logistic regression in January 2022. RESULTS Almost half of adult cannabis users reported using at least one flavored cannabis product (46.5%). Flavored cannabis use was more likely among respondents who were female (AOR=1.2, CI=1.0, 1.4), were Black (ref: White; AOR=2.2, CI=1.5, 3.1), were Hispanic/Latino/a/x (ref: White; AOR=1.6, CI=1.2, 1.9), had cannabis use disorder symptoms (AOR=2.0, CI=1.6, 2.4), or were currently using tobacco (AOR=2.4, CI=2.1, 2.9). Use was less likely among middle-aged/older adults (ref: ages 21-34 vs 35-49 years; AOR=0.6, CI=0.5, 0.7). CONCLUSIONS Observed differences in flavored cannabis use are concerning if flavors raise appeal or dependence. Integrating flavored cannabis and tobacco research and practice is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Lea Watkins
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
| | - Jesse Thompson
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Ashley L Feld
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Pamela M Ling
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education and Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Youn Ok Lee
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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12
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Jakoi AM, Kirchner GJ, Lieber AM, Khalsa AS. Marijuana Use is Not a Contraindication for Tranexamic Acid Utilization in Lumbar Spine Surgery. Global Spine J 2023; 13:1771-1776. [PMID: 35014544 PMCID: PMC10556919 DOI: 10.1177/21925682211049166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate safety in lumbar spinal fusion with tranexamic acid (TXA) utilization in patients using marijuana. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study involving a single surgeon's cases of 1 to 4 level lumbar fusion procedures. Two hundred and ninety-four patients were followed for ninety days post-operatively. Consecutive patients were self-reported for daily marijuana use (n = 146) and compared to a similar cohort of patients who denied usage of marijuana (n = 146). Outcomes were collected, which included length of stay (LOS), estimated blood loss (EBL), post-operative myocardial infarction, seizures, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolus, death, readmission, need for further surgery, infection, anaphylaxis, acute renal injury, and need for blood product transfusion. RESULTS Patients in the marijuana usage cohort had similar age (58.9 years ±12.9 vs 58.7 years ±14.8, P = .903) and distribution of levels fused (P = .431) compared to the non-usage cohort. Thromboembolic events were rare in both groups (marijuana usage: 1 vs non-usage: 2). Compared to the non-usage cohort, the marijuana usage cohort had a similar average EBL (329.9 ± 298.5 mL vs 374.5 ± 363.8 mL; P = .254). Multivariate regression modeling demonstrated that neither EBL (OR 1.27, 95% CI 0.64-2.49) nor need for transfusion (OR 1.56, 95% CI 0.43-5.72) varied between cohorts. The non-usage cohort had twice the risk of prolonged LOS compared to the marijuana usage cohort (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.15-3.63). CONCLUSION Marijuana use should not be considered a contraindication for TXA utilization in lumbar spine surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory J. Kirchner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Alexander M. Lieber
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amrit S. Khalsa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Ahmad Z, Mukherjee A, Garcia A, Asif H. Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum in Marijuana Users. Cureus 2023; 15:e45033. [PMID: 37829949 PMCID: PMC10566412 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This article presents two individuals with different clinical presentations who experienced spontaneous pneumomediastinum following the chronic use of marijuana. Pneumomediastinum has been associated with marijuana use due to the prolonged inhalation and breath-holding mechanisms employed during consumption. The first case involves a 24-year-old woman with a history of anxiety and chronic marijuana use, who presented to the emergency department with atypical chest pain and shortness of breath. The second case involves a 21-year-old man with no previous medical history, who experienced acute chest pain after smoking marijuana. Both individuals exhibited signs of pneumomediastinum on imaging studies and were treated with oxygen therapy and analgesics. The cases emphasize the importance of considering pneumomediastinum in patients with atypical chest pain, particularly in chronic cannabis users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Ahmad
- Internal Medicine, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Aveek Mukherjee
- Internal Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, USA
- Pulmonary Diseases, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, USA
| | | | - Hamza Asif
- Pulmonology, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, PAK
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Reid SD, Motilal S, Pooransingh S, St. Bernard G, Ivey MA. Differential Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns on Persons with Non-Communicable Diseases in Trinidad and Tobago. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:6543. [PMID: 37623129 PMCID: PMC10454168 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20166543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Persons with chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) were identified as particularly at risk of severe morbidity and mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Little is written about the impact of COVID-19 on this sub-population in the Caribbean, where the prevalence of NCDs is disproportionately high. This study aimed to ascertain COVID-related concerns, and the mental health impact of the pandemic among persons with and without NCDs in Trinidad and Tobago, during the acute period of COVID-19 lockdowns early in the pandemic. An anonymous online survey collected cross-sectional data from a convenience sample nationwide. Of 1287 respondents, 219 self-identified as having an NCD. Findings suggest that the pandemic was experienced unequally by persons with NCDs, who were more likely to be concerned about health and wellbeing and to report health inequalities-unemployment, social isolation and negative effects of government restrictions. Compared to those without NCDs, they were more likely to increase use of marijuana during the lockdown period, and to report severe anxiety/depression that can result in exacerbation of NCDs. Interventions for persons with NCDs must address the mental health consequences of any pandemic, including increased drug use, and also address social inequalities to reduce sustained post-pandemic mental health impact and negative health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra D. Reid
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies (The UWI), Champs Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Shastri Motilal
- Public Health and Primary Care Unit, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies (The UWI), Champs Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago; (S.M.); (S.P.); (M.A.I.)
| | - Shalini Pooransingh
- Public Health and Primary Care Unit, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies (The UWI), Champs Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago; (S.M.); (S.P.); (M.A.I.)
| | - Godfrey St. Bernard
- Sir Arthur Lewis Institute of Social and Economic Studies, The University of the West Indies (The UWI), St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago;
| | - Marsha A. Ivey
- Public Health and Primary Care Unit, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies (The UWI), Champs Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago; (S.M.); (S.P.); (M.A.I.)
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Dave PA, Rohit RK, Tibrewal C, Modi NS, Bajoria PS, Gandhi SK, Patel P. Should Marijuana Be Legalized: A Scoping Review of Associations of Marijuana and Depression. Cureus 2023; 15:e42835. [PMID: 37664373 PMCID: PMC10474443 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
People with addiction to marijuana and those who have ever consumed marijuana at any time during their life suffer from depression at some point in their life. Depression has been associated with substance use as both a trigger and repercussion. A total of 3663 articles were analyzed, and 26 articles were collectively selected for this study. Consuming marijuana was linked to the development of depression in the majority of individuals. Marijuana consumption and its repercussions have both been connected to negative effects on the body, such as respiratory disorders and even psychological disorders, including stress and depressive disorders. Studies potentially point to a complicated causal relationship between marijuana consumption and depressive disorder, stating that early depressive symptoms enable marijuana usage, which then reduces depression. A research article clearly states that consuming marijuana can be helpful in elevating mood and anxiolytic initially, but it is subsequently followed by a rise in depressive symptoms, which manifest as mental distress and frustration. Discussions with patients about the extent of their marijuana consumption, techniques for reducing the use, and the impact of marijuana on depression may be beneficial in medical facilities where depressive disorder is treated. This research paper highlights the importance of understanding depression and the use of marijuana for temporary relief from depressive symptoms and its long-term consequences on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralph Kingsford Rohit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, IND
| | - Charu Tibrewal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Civil Hospital Ahmedabad, Ahmedabad, IND
| | | | - Parth S Bajoria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gujarat Medical Education and Research Society Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, IND
| | | | - Priyansh Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College Baroda, Vadodara, IND
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Gullapalli D, Vangara A, Ganti SS, Kommineni SS, Rahmlow T, Moon J. Gilchrist's Hollow Lung. Cureus 2023; 15:e44288. [PMID: 37779779 PMCID: PMC10533367 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Blastomycosis is an endemic mycosis in certain parts of North America. The dimorphic fungus can manifest with both pulmonary and extrapulmonary features. We present the case of a 24-year-old African American male with a history of vaping and daily marijuana who presented with hemoptysis and a cough of one-week duration. He was initially treated as community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The patient had a bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) done in the posterior segment of the right upper lobe. Cultures grew methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), followed by Blastomyces dermatitidis in the histopathologic examination. Chronic pulmonary blastomycosis may present with hemoptysis, weight loss, chronic cough, and night sweats, along with upper lobe predominant cavitation. We have to exclude tuberculosis (TB), lung cancer, and chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis. This case epitomizes many classic perils in the identification of pulmonary blastomycosis. The patient was being treated with itraconazole 200 mg BID for 12 months as per infectious disease suggestion. The patient is nine months into treatment. At six months, his chest computed tomography (CT) revealed a reduction in size from 5.0 × 5.3 cm to 4.2 × 4.0 cm. Although there are no articles supporting increased secondary bacterial infections with underlying fungal infections, more research needs to be done to find any associated features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Avinash Vangara
- Internal Medicine, Appalachian Regional Healthcare (ARH), Harlan, USA
| | - Subramanya Shyam Ganti
- Internal Medicine/Pulmonary Critical Care, Appalachian Regional Healthcare (ARH), Harlan, USA
| | - Sai S Kommineni
- Internal Medicine, Appalachian Regional Healthcare (ARH), Harlan, USA
| | - Tara Rahmlow
- Internal Medicine, Appalachian Regional Healthcare (ARH), Harlan, USA
| | - Jessica Moon
- Internal Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University (LMU), Harrogate, USA
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Abstract
Introduction: Observational studies have reported associations between cannabis use and coronary heart disease. Since diabetes is a coronary heart disease equivalent, we hypothesized that cannabis use would be associated with prevalent angina among individuals with diabetes. Methods: This analysis included 1314 participants with diabetes (age 47.4±9.0 years, 49.5% male, 28.3% Caucasians) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey years 2011-2018. Cannabis use was self-reported. Prevalent angina was defined by self-reported physician diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between prevalent angina and cannabis use. Results: Approximately 3.3% (n=43) of participants had prevalent angina and 45.7% (n=601) were ever cannabis users. After adjustment, ever cannabis users did not have significantly increased odds of prevalent angina compared with never users (odds ratio: 3.29, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.88-12.22, p=0.08). However, those who had used cannabis at least once per month for at least 1 year had greater than fivefold increased odds of prevalent angina (odds ratio: 5.73, 95% CI: 1.26-26.04, p=0.03). Current cannabis users had greater than fivefold increased odds of prevalent angina (odds ratio: 5.35, 95% CI: 1.26-22.70, p=0.03), with a dose-response increase based on level of use. Effect modification was present among those with history of cocaine use (interaction p-value <0.001). Conclusion: Among individuals with diabetes, cannabis use is associated with prevalent angina with apparent dose response. This finding supports emerging evidence that cannabis may have negative cardiovascular (CV) health effects, and an individualized CV risk assessment should be pursued among those with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis M. Skipina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bharathi Upadhya
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elsayed Z. Soliman
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
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18
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Dodge T, Hoffman RK, Kracke-Bock J, Jaccard JJ, Stock ML. How Does Being under the Influence Affect Willingness to Experience Overlapping Effects of Alcohol and Marijuana? Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:1483-1492. [PMID: 37350140 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2223284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study tested how individuals anticipate they will respond to opportunities to engage in simultaneous alcohol and marijuana (SAM) use. METHODS Two studies utilizing a within-subjects design were conducted. Study 1 was conducted in Spring 2021 and a replication (Study 2) was conducted in Fall 2021. Participants were presented with pairs of scenarios. One scenario pair compared how willing participants expected to be to get drunk if they were sober vs. high. Another pair compared how willing participants would be to take a hit of marijuana if they were sober vs. drunk. College attending young adults (Study 1: N = 173; female = 81%; Study 2: N = 212; female = 49.1%) with varying degrees of substance use experience were recruited. RESULTS In Study 1 participants reported greater willingness to get drunk when sober than when high. This was qualified by a statistically significant interaction whereby differences were greater among those who had more experience with past 30-day heavy drinking. Similar findings emerged for willingness to use marijuana. Participants anticipated greater willingness to use marijuana when sober than when drunk. This was also qualified by a statistically significant interaction whereby differences were greater among experimental or established users of marijuana than among abstainers. Study 2 findings replicated those from Study 1. CONCLUSIONS College attending young adults state greater willingness to remain under the influence of one substance than to engage in SAM use when opportunities arise. Simultaneous use of alcohol and marijuana among college students is likely an exception, not the rule. Implications for prevention are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya Dodge
- Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Rebecca K Hoffman
- Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Jonah Kracke-Bock
- Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | | | - Michelle L Stock
- Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
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19
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Ren W, Fishbein D. Prospective, longitudinal study to isolate the impacts of marijuana use on neurocognitive functioning in adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1048791. [PMID: 37255687 PMCID: PMC10225520 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1048791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Policies to legalize possession and use of marijuana have been increasingly supported across the United States. Although there are restrictions on use in minors, many substance abuse scientists anticipate that these policy changes may alter use patterns among adolescents due to its wider availability and a softening of beliefs about its potentially harmful consequences. Despite the possibility that these policies may increase the prevalence of use among adolescents, the effects of marijuana on neurodevelopment remain unclear, clouding arguments in favor of or opposition to these policies. Methods The present prospective, longitudinal study was designed to isolate the neurodevelopmental consequences of marijuana use from its precursors during adolescence-a period of heightened vulnerability for both substance use and disrupted development due to environmental insults. Early adolescents who were substance-naïve at baseline (N = 529, aged 10-12) were recruited and tracked into adolescence when a subgroup initiated marijuana use during one of three subsequent waves of data collection, approximately 18 months apart. Results Results suggest that marijuana use may be specifically related to a decline in verbal learning ability in the short term and in emotion recognition, attention, and inhibition in the longer-term. Discussion These preliminary findings suggest that marijuana use has potential to adversely impact vulnerable neurodevelopmental processes during adolescence. Intensive additional investigation is recommended given that state-level policies regulating marijuana use and possession are rapidly shifting in the absence of good scientific information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ren
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Diana Fishbein
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Patel H, Patel UK, Chowdhury M, Assaf AD, Avanthika C, Nor MA, Rage M, Madapu A, Konatham S, Vodapally M, Bhat V, Gnawali A, Mohamed M, Abdi N, Malik FA, Zughaib M. Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and Cerebrovascular Disease (CeVD): Analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database. Cureus 2023; 15:e39331. [PMID: 37351248 PMCID: PMC10284563 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use continues to be on the rise in the United States and has been linked to new onset cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and cerebrovascular disorders (CeVDs). We aimed to study the association between the types of substance use disorders (SUDs) with specific subtypes of CVDs and CeVDs among hospitalized patients using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database. METHODS A retrospective study of the NIS database (2016-2017) using the ICD-10-CM codes was performed. The hospitalizations with a secondary diagnosis of SUDs were identified. Weighted univariate analysis using the Chi-square test and multivariate survey logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate for the incidence, prevalence, and odds of association between vascular events and SUDs. RESULTS There were a total of 58,259,589 hospitalizations, out of which 21.42% had SUDs. SUDs were more common in the younger age group of 18-50, males, and the lower median household income group. We found a significant association of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with amphetamine dependence (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 1.23, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.14-1.33), cocaine-related disorders (1.17, 1.12-1.23), and nicotine dependence (1.42, 1.40-1.43). There was a significant association between intracerebral hemorrhage with amphetamine dependence (2.58, 2.26-2.93), cocaine-related disorders (1.62, 1.46-1.79), and alcohol-related disorders (1.35, 1.01-1.82). The association of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was noted to be higher with amphetamine dependence (1.82, 1.48-2.24) and nicotine dependence (1.47, 1.39-1.55). The patients with nicotine dependence had greater odds of having a myocardial infarction (1.85, 1.83-1.87), those with cocaine-related disorders had higher odds of having angina pectoris (2.21, 1.86-2.62), and patients with alcohol-related disorders had higher odds of developing atrial fibrillation (1.14, 1.11-1.17) in comparison to non-SUDs. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the variability of CVD and CeVD in patients hospitalized for SUD. Findings from our study may help promote increased awareness and early management of these events. Further studies are needed to evaluate the specific effects of frequency and dose on the incidence and prevalence of CVD and CeVD in patients with SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshil Patel
- Cardiology, Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, USA
| | - Urvish K Patel
- Public Health and Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Medhat Chowdhury
- Internal Medicine, Ascension Providence Hospital/MSUCHM, Southfield, USA
| | - Andrew D Assaf
- Cardiology, Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, USA
- Heart Institute, Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, USA
| | - Chaithanya Avanthika
- Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Queens Hospital Center, New York City, USA
- Medicine and Surgery, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, IND
| | - Mohammed A Nor
- Internal Medicine, Norman Bethune Health Science of Jilin University, Jilin, CHN
| | - Mohamed Rage
- Emergency Medicine, Northampton General Hospital, Northampton, GBR
| | | | - Sravani Konatham
- Internal Medicine, Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpalli, IND
| | | | - Vatsalya Bhat
- Internal Medicine, K. V. G. Medical College and Hospital, Sullia, IND
| | - Anupa Gnawali
- Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Caledon Provincial Hospital, Caledon, ZAF
| | | | - Nawal Abdi
- Internal Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, CHN
| | - Faizan A Malik
- Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at Permian Basin, Odessa, USA
| | - Marcel Zughaib
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, USA
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21
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Raslan S, Anis MM. HPV+ Oropharyngeal Cancer in Waldenström Macroglobulinemia. Cureus 2023; 15:e38965. [PMID: 37313073 PMCID: PMC10259752 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a case of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the setting of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). A 68-year-old male and daily marijuana smoker with recently diagnosed WM presented via telemedicine in 2020 for a progressively worsening sore throat and unintentional weight loss. Immunotherapy for WM was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In the clinic, examination revealed an indurated, tender midline mass at the base of the tongue, not limiting tongue mobility. The left level-II and right level-III lymph nodes were enlarged. The oropharyngeal lesion was biopsied, and pathology was consistent with human papillomavirus-positive (HPV+) SCC. Four cycles of concurrent chemotherapy and radiation for SCC were administered without delay, with an initial response. However, on surveillance, metastases to the brain and lungs were detected, and the patient was placed on palliative treatment as he did not meet eligibility for a clinical trial due to his WM. Concurrent WM and HPV+ SCC may have a worse prognosis, due to disease progression and reduced therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahm Raslan
- Hematology and Oncology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Mursalin M Anis
- Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
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22
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Dora J, Smith MR, Seldin K, Schultz ME, Kuczynski AM, Moss DJ, Carpenter RW, King KM. Exploring associations between affect and marijuana use in everyday life via specification curve analysis. J Psychopathol Clin Sci 2023; 132:461-474. [PMID: 37036695 PMCID: PMC10164094 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Although frequently hypothesized, the evidence for associations between affect and marijuana use in everyday life remains ambiguous. Inconsistent findings across existing work may be due, in part, to differences in study design and analytic decisions, such as study inclusion criteria, the operationalization of affect, or the timing of affect assessment. We used specification curves to assess the robustness of the evidence for affect predicting same-day marijuana use and marijuana use predicting next-day affect across several hundred models that varied in terms of decisions that reflect those typical in this literature (e.g., whether to average affect prior to marijuana use or select the affect report closest in time to marijuana use). We fitted these curves to data from two ecological momentary assessment studies of regular marijuana and/or alcohol using college students (N = 287). Results provided robust evidence that marijuana use was slightly less likely following experiences of negative affect and slightly more likely following positive affect. Specification curves suggested that differences in previous findings are most likely a function of the specific emotion items used to represent affect rather than differences in inclusion criteria, the temporal assessment and modeling of affect, or the covariates added to the model. There was little evidence for an association between marijuana use and next-day affect. Overall, our findings provide evidence against the predictions made by affect reinforcement models in college students and suggest that future research should model the associations of marijuana use with discrete emotional states rather than general negative and positive affect. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Khan MA, Khan FH, Khan HB, Brabham D. Marijuana as a Cause of Diffuse Coronary Vasospasm Leading to Cardiac Arrest. Cureus 2023; 15:e38026. [PMID: 37228539 PMCID: PMC10205149 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Marijuana is considered as the most popular illicit drug around the world. It has numerous cardiovascular effects with myocardial infarction (MI) being a lethal one. The negative physiological effects of marijuana are well-studied, including tachycardia, nausea, memory impairment, anxiety, panic, and arrhythmia. We present a case of cardiac arrest following marijuana use in a patient who had a normal electrocardiogram (EKG) on presentation but diffuse coronary vasospasm on left heart catheterization (LHC) with no obstructive lesion. The patient had a transient episode of ST elevation on EKG following the procedure which resolved with an increased dose of nitroglycerine drip. Synthetic cannabinoids are more potent and not detected on a regular urine drug screen (UDS). In patients with low risk for cardiovascular events, particularly young adults, presenting with symptoms of MI/cardiac arrest, marijuana-induced MI should be suspected due to the severe adverse effects of its synthetic component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Atif Khan
- Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
| | | | | | - David Brabham
- Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, USA
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Chaffee BW, Halpern-Felsher B, Cheng J. E-cigarette, cannabis and combustible tobacco use: associations with xerostomia among California adolescents. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2023; 51:180-186. [PMID: 34927762 PMCID: PMC9207149 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Xerostomia (subjective experience of dry mouth), while less common in younger populations, can contribute to caries and oral discomfort. Use of e-cigarettes and cannabis among adolescents is increasing and may be a xerostomia risk factor. This study evaluates xerostomia prevalence in an adolescent population, overall and by e-cigarette, cannabis and combustible tobacco use. METHODS Cross-sectional analyses of 12-month follow-up data (N=976; collected 2020-2021) from a cohort of adolescents recruited from public high schools in Northern California (USA) compared self-reported past 30-day e-cigarette, cannabis and other tobacco use and dry mouth (overall dry mouth experience; shortened xerostomia inventory, SXI). Dry mouth experience (never, occasionally, frequently/always) was modelled using ordered logistic regression with school-level clustering and adjustment for gender, race/ethnicity, alcohol use, asthma, physical activity and mutually for e-cigarette, cannabis and tobacco use. RESULTS Past 30-day use prevalence was 12% for e-cigarettes, 16% for cannabis and 3% for combustible tobacco. Occasional dry mouth experience (54%) was more common than frequent/always experience (5%). Frequent/always dry mouth was more prevalent among frequent (>5 days/month) e-cigarette (14%) and cannabis (19%) users and combustible tobacco users (19%) than non-users of those respective products (all comparisons p < 0.001). In covariable-adjusted models, frequent e-cigarette use was no longer significantly associated with dry mouth experience (OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 0.69, 2.84), while frequent cannabis use (OR: 3.17; 95% CI: 1.47, 6.82) and combustible tobacco use (OR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.38, 2.68) were associated with greater odds of reporting more frequent dry mouth. Findings were qualitatively similar using the SXI. CONCLUSIONS In this study, xerostomia was not independently associated with e-cigarette use but was one potential health concern of adolescent cannabis and combustible tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jing Cheng
- University of California, San Francisco, US
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Ball J, Zhang J, Stanley J, Boden J, Waa A, Hammond D, Edwards R. Early-onset smoking and vaping of cannabis: Prevalence, correlates and trends in New Zealand 14-15-year-olds. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023; 42:592-603. [PMID: 36645714 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Initiating cannabis use at an early age elevates risk of harm. Cannabis vaping is an emerging issue, and it is unknown whether the patterning and correlates of early-onset cannabis vaping differ from those of cannabis smoking. METHODS We used repeat cross-sectional data from a nationally representative biennial survey (2012-2018) of students aged 14-15 years in New Zealand (N = 11,405), response rate 65% (2012), 64% (2014-2016) and 59% (2018). RESULTS Between 2012 and 2018 lifetime cannabis use decreased, but regular use (past month, weekly, daily) was stable. Prevalence of past month, weekly and daily use in 2016-2018 (pooled) was 8.6%, 3.4% and 1.5%, respectively. Cannabis vaping was reported by 24% of past month cannabis users. The demographic profile of early-onset cannabis smokers and vapers was similar, with elevated use of both modes among Māori (Indigenous), same- or both-sex attracted students and those in low decile (high-deprivation) schools. Correlates were similar for both modes. Cannabis use was strongly associated with tobacco and alcohol use. The next strongest associations (after adjustment) were exposure to second-hand smoke at home, student income >$50/week and low parental monitoring of whereabouts. Past week social media use, psychological distress and low parental monitoring of spending were also associated with both modes. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Early-onset cannabis use is much higher in structurally disadvantaged groups, and among those who use tobacco and alcohol. Comprehensive multisubstance approaches to prevention are indicated in this age group. Efforts to reduce socio-economic inequity and exposure to other risk factors may reduce cannabis-related harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Ball
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jane Zhang
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - James Stanley
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Joseph Boden
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Waa
- Eru Pōmare Māori Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Richard Edwards
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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Baker E, Gilbert PA, Wheldon CW, Vanderheyden BB. Predictors of Empirically Derived Substance Use Patterns Among Sexual and Gender Minority Populations of a Rural Midwestern State. LGBT Health 2023; 10:62-71. [PMID: 35947865 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2022.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The study purpose was to (1) identify latent classes of substance use behaviors among a sample of sexual and gender minority (SGM) adults living in a predominantly rural midwestern state and (2) determine the association between SGM-related discrimination and the empirically derived substance use classes. Methods: We conducted a latent class analysis on 494 responses to a state-wide survey, followed by a multinomial logistic regression to test predictors of class membership, including distal experiences of discrimination and sociodemographic variables. Results: A three-class model fit best and included (1) polysubstance use, (2) binge drinking, and (3) no/low use classes. In the adjusted model, polysubstance class membership was positively associated with cisgender male identity and negatively associated with being 60 years of age or older and college educated. Binge drinking class membership was negatively associated with bisexual/pansexual identity and non-White race/ethnicity. In contrast to hypothesized outcomes guided by the Minority Stress Model, experiences of discrimination were not associated with membership in substance-using classes. Likewise, bisexual/pansexual individuals were not more likely to be members of polysubstance use or binge drinking classes, despite published reports of greater risk of substance use. Conclusion: These contradictions warrant intersectional approaches to advance substance use research, which may provide important evidence for targeted prevention/treatment interventions, particularly among polysubstance users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Baker
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Des Moines University, Des Moines, Iowa, USA
| | - Paul A Gilbert
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Christopher W Wheldon
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian B Vanderheyden
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Des Moines University, Des Moines, Iowa, USA
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Davis CN, Dash GF, Miller MB, Slutske WS. Past year high-intensity drinking moderates the association between simultaneous alcohol and marijuana use and blackout frequency among college students. J Am Coll Health 2023; 71:140-146. [PMID: 33577429 PMCID: PMC8357845 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1880415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The role of simultaneous alcohol and marijuana (SAM) use in the experience of blackouts among college students is unclear. To clarify discrepancies, the current study evaluated whether the association between SAM user status and blackouts was moderated by high-intensity drinking (HID). Participants and Methods: College students (N = 1,224; 63.7% female) reported on their past year experiences of blackout, marijuana use, SAM use, and HID (i.e., drinking at least twice the binge threshold). Results: SAM users had more past year blackouts than non-SAM users, but this effect was only significant among SAM users who had engaged in HID in the past year (nonbinge: F(5,37) = 0.50, p = 0.49; binge: F(5,138) = 0.23, p = 0.63; HID: F(5,328) = 4.52, p = 0.03). Conclusions: Effects of SAM user status on the experience of alcohol-related blackouts may be limited to individuals who engage in HID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christal N. Davis
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Genevieve F. Dash
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Mary Beth Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive DC067.00, Columbia 65212, USA
| | - Wendy S. Slutske
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Murnan AW, Keim SA, Li R, Klebanoff MA. Marijuana use and sleep quality during pregnancy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 35:7857-7864. [PMID: 34102934 PMCID: PMC9513436 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1937987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Marijuana use among pregnant women is on the rise in part due to the perception that marijuana may improve problems related to pregnancy such as poor sleep. This study's objective was to examine associations between marijuana use and sleep quality among a sample of women during pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS The sample included women seeking prenatal care at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (2010-2015). Intake assessments included medical, demographic, and socioeconomic domains, as well as the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Marijuana use during pregnancy was determined using urine screens, chart abstraction, and self-report. Women completed standardized questionnaires regarding sleep quality, depressive symptoms, anxiety, stress, and discrimination at enrollment and each subsequent trimester. A linear mixed-effect model was used to assess the relationship between sleep variables and marijuana use adjusted for maternal race, education, household income, age, marital status, depressive symptoms, anxiety, stress, discrimination, and use of tobacco and other substances during pregnancy. Women completed the sleep quality assessments for a total of 294 pregnancies, which comprise the study population. RESULTS Among the study sample (n = 294), 93 women used marijuana and 201 women did not use marijuana during their pregnancies. Women who used marijuana (n = 93) were more likely to identify as African-American (73% vs 58%; p = .01), report government health insurance (98% vs 89%; p = .001), use tobacco during pregnancy (66% vs 33%; p < .001), report less household income (70% vs 43% < 10,000 annual household income; p < .001), and be unmarried (69% vs 49%; p < .001) compared to women who did not. Mean sleep quality was similar among women who did (µ = 7.6; SD = 4.0) and did not use marijuana during pregnancy (µ = 7.7; SD = 4.0), and both groups had a mean score worse than the conventional cutoff for poor sleep quality (>5). In fact, both groups reported worse sleep than is typically observed among cohorts reporting poor sleep, which have ranged from 5.3 to 6.3. CONCLUSIONS Current findings did not suggest differences in sleep quality between women who used and did not use marijuana during pregnancy. Findings are contrary to the perception that marijuana use alleviates sleep-related problems during pregnancy. Given well-documented adverse outcomes associated with prenatal marijuana exposure for children and the increase in women using marijuana during pregnancy, providers should be prepared to discuss possible harms associated with marijuana use during pregnancy as well as provide psychoeducational information and service referrals to those interested. Future studies could improve upon this design by assessing objective measures of sleep, such as actigraphy, as well as marijuana use repeatedly throughout pregnancy, which may be a more optimal strategy for illuminating potential relationships between marijuana use and sleep during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron W. Murnan
- Center for Bio-behavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sarah A. Keim
- Center for Bio-behavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA;,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA;,Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rui Li
- Center for Bio-behavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA;,Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark A. Klebanoff
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA;,Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA;,Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Ohio, USA;,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Lindsey W, Ramos O, Cheng W, Danisa O. Preoperative Cannabis Use Associated With an Increased Rate of Reoperation and Postoperative Opioid Use Following Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion. Cureus 2022; 14:e31285. [PMID: 36514630 PMCID: PMC9733193 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the associations among preoperative cannabis use, postoperative opioid use, and postoperative outcomes following elective anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF). Methods Patients who underwent one- or two-level ACDF were characterized preoperatively as active cannabis users, former users, or nonusers. Patients were also classified based on history of preoperative opioid use as chronic users, acute users, or nonusers. Groups were compared based on outcomes including the rate of emergency department visits six months postoperatively, rate of readmissions one year postoperatively, rate of reoperation two years postoperatively, and daily postoperative opioid use measured in milligram morphine equivalents (MMEs) at 0-6 months and 6-12 months postoperatively. Results Of the 198 patients included in this study, 13 (6.6%) were active cannabis users, 11 (5.6%) were former users, and 174 (87.8%) were nonusers. The rate of reoperation within two years was 23.1% for active cannabis users, 0% for former users, and 4.0% for nonusers (p=0.0075). The average daily opioid use in MMEs 6-12 months postoperatively was 49.4 for active cannabis users, 4.1 for former users, and 13.3 for nonusers (p=0.0014). For chronic opioid users, acute users, and nonusers, the average daily opioid use in MMEs 6-12 months postoperatively was 39.9, 18.4, and 5.7, respectively (p<.0001). Conclusions History of cannabis use is associated with increased postoperative opioid use and increased rate of reoperation following elective ACDF.
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Botella-Juan L, Amezcua-Prieto C, Morales-Suarez-Varela MM, Mateos-Campos R, Ayán-Pérez C, Molina AJ, Ortiz-Moncada R, Redondo-Martín S, Alguacil J, Blázquez-Abellán G, Delgado-Rodríguez M, Alonso-Molero J, Fernández-Villa T. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Evolution of Prevalence and Patterns of Cannabis Use among First-Year University Students in Spain-UniHcos Project. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:11577. [PMID: 36141846 PMCID: PMC9517240 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Among university students there has been evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic increased their psychological distress, exacerbated by social restrictions. The main objective of this study was to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence and patterns of cannabis use among university students, in contrast to previous trends since 2012. Data from 10,522 first-year university students (73.3% female, Mage 19 (SD = 1.6)) from eleven Spanish universities collected between 2012 and May 2022 was analysed. Prevalences of cannabis use and their differences by sex were studied, as well as changes in patterns of use and its use for coping during the pandemic. It was found that during lockdown, all prevalence rates of cannabis use decreased in both sexes, showing no statistically significant differences and increasing again in the new normal period in both. Among regular cannabis users, 79.7% reported maintaining or increasing their cannabis use during the pandemic, and of these, half reported using cannabis to cope. Moreover, cannabis use in the usual household increased during the lockdown. These results show that although the overall prevalence of cannabis use was reduced during the lockdown, regular users tended to maintain or increase cannabis use. This could imply two different patterns of use among students, one social and occasional versus the other regular, providing new lines of research for prevention and the implementation of social policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Botella-Juan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Carmen Amezcua-Prieto
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.Granada), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - María M. Morales-Suarez-Varela
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Ramona Mateos-Campos
- Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Ayán-Pérez
- Well-Move Research Group, Department of Special Didactics, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Antonio José Molina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- The Research Group in Gene-Environment and Health Interactions (GIIGAS), Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Rocío Ortiz-Moncada
- Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food and Nutrition Research Group, University of Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Susana Redondo-Martín
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Comisionado Regional para la Droga, Junta de Castilla y León, 47009 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Juan Alguacil
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Research on Natural Resources, Health, and Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Gemma Blázquez-Abellán
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Jessica Alonso-Molero
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Tania Fernández-Villa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- The Research Group in Gene-Environment and Health Interactions (GIIGAS), Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071 León, Spain
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Cholin LK, Delvalle CL, Fatica RA, Huml AM, Augustine JJ. Self-reported marijuana use and its effects on overall approval in potential living kidney donors. Clin Transplant 2022; 36:e14758. [PMID: 35771094 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Past and present substance use is an important part of the psychosocial evaluation of potential living kidney donors (LKDs). Increasing state legalizations and social acceptance of marijuana (MJ) use can create challenges for transplant centers. METHODS We investigated the frequency of reporting MJ use, and its effect on the LKD evaluation. A retrospective chart review was performed on all living donor candidates from December 2016 to December 2019 for reports of MJ use, both on an electronic intake form and during clinic evaluation with a licensed social worker (SW).Active MJ use was defined as current use or use within one year of evaluation. Baseline characteristics between MJ users and non-users were compared at each step of donor evaluation. We explored variables associated with MJ use including additional consults and testing during the donor evaluation. Overall approval and donation rates for living donors with active MJ use were compared to non-users. Additionally, 1-year donor follow up was compared between the two groups. Results Of 1,818 living donor candidates who completed the intake form, 132 admitted to active MJ use. Compared to non-users, MJ users were more likely to be younger, male, single, renting a home, and with a lower level of education. 33 of 338 candidates who completed a social work evaluation reported MJ use. Compared to non-users, MJ users were more frequently classified as moderate or high risk on SW evaluation, and often required a toxicology screen or psychiatry visit for clearance to donate. 24.2% of MJ users vs 9.5% of non-users discontinued their evaluation (P<0.01). 42.4% of MJ users vs 56.1% of non-users donated their kidney (P = 0.13). For those who donated, MJ users were less likely than non-users to follow up at 1 year (57.1% vs 83.0, p-value 0.02). CONCLUSION MJ users were often asked to complete additional steps in their evaluation before an approval decision was made, which may have led to the higher rate of donor drop out observed in this group. Further research is needed to assess the effects of MJ use on living donor candidacy, as well as any effects of MJ use on long-term donor outcomes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard A Fatica
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension.,Department of Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Joshua J Augustine
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension.,Department of Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Kirsch D, Preston A, Tretyak V, Le V, Weber W, Strakowski S, Lippard E. Neural functional connectivity changes to psychosocial stress in young adults with bipolar disorder and preliminary associations with clinical trajectories. Bipolar Disord 2022; 24:298-309. [PMID: 34532945 PMCID: PMC8926937 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress-related mechanisms are implicated in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder and may contribute to heterogeneity in illness course. Yet, there is a lack of study investigating the neural mechanisms underlying the stress response in this condition. This study investigated changes in amygdala activation and functional connectivity in response to acute psychosocial stress in young adults with bipolar disorder and explored relations with clinical phenotype and prospective mood symptoms. METHODS 42 young adults [19 with bipolar disorder, agemean ± SD =21.4 ± 2.2 years] completed a modified version of the Montreal Imaging Stress Task. Amygdala activation and functional connectivity with prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions of interest was calculated for control and stress conditions. Main effects of group, condition, and group by condition interaction on amygdala activation and connectivity were modeled. A subset of bipolar participants completed 1-year follow-up assessments. Relations between neural responses to stress with concurrent substance use and prospective mood symptoms were explored. RESULTS There were no between-group differences in amygdala activation or functional connectivity during the control condition. Increased right amygdala-right rostral PFC (rPFC) functional connectivity to stress was observed in bipolar disorder, compared to typically developing controls. In bipolar disorder, greater increase in right amygdala-right rPFC functional connectivity to stress was associated with less frequent cannabis use, and prospectively with shorter duration and lower severity of depression symptoms over follow-up. CONCLUSION Results from this preliminary study suggest differences in frontolimbic functional connectivity responses to stress in young adults with bipolar disorder and associations with cannabis use and prospective mood symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.E. Kirsch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA,Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA,Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - A. Preston
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - V. Tretyak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA,Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - V. Le
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - W. Weber
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - S.M. Strakowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA,Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA,Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - E.T.C. Lippard
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA,Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA,Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA,Institute of Early Life Adversity Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
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Abstract
Child maltreatment is a pervasive social problem often perpetuated by family members and is related to a wide array of negative life outcomes. Although substance use is an outcome commonly associated with experiences of child maltreatment, not all individuals who experience maltreatment struggle with such issues. Many individuals can positively adapt to experiences of maltreatment based on levels of resilience and susceptibility. Research suggests that genetic differences may partly explain why negative outcomes develop for some, but not for others. Few studies have examined the extent to which genetic and environmental factors influence the longitudinal association between child maltreatment and varying forms of substance use, leaving a fundamental gap in our current understanding of this association. The current study aims to address this gap by analyzing a sample of twins from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). Findings from a series of univariate and bivariate biometric models reveal that the longitudinal associations between maltreatment, cigarette use, and marijuana use are accounted for by additive genetic and nonshared environmental factors. Moreover, the magnitude of the contribution varies across unique subgroups of cigarette and marijuana use. Directions for future research and theoretical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andia M Azimi
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, 4038Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Eric J Connolly
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, 4038Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to gain a clearer understanding of the relation between parental relationship qualities and overall emerging adulthood (EA) marijuana use processes. The present study drew from an ethnically and socioeconomially diverse sample of EAs (ages 19-22) and their parents (n = 470) from the Pacific Northwest region. This study used parent-report and child-report data to capture measures of parenting and EA marijuana use outcomes. Latent Class Growth Analysis (LCGA) was used to model trajectories of marijuana use and risk factor analyses were used to examine how marijuana group membership varied by covariates and parental relationship qualities. Results revealed that lower levels of family cohesion and quality of parent-child communication were more likely to predict membership in the high-using groups and moderate-decreasing user groups in comparison to low-to-non users. Results also indicated that lower levels of frequency of parent-child communication were more likely to predict membership in the high-users group compared to the low-to-non users. Regarding parent knowledge of marijuana use, trends toward congruence and underestimation of EA marijuana use predicted membership in the high-using and moderate-decreasing groups compared to the low-to-non users. Study results indicate EAs in their early 20s may be more likely to engage in healthy decision-making regarding marijuana use in an environment that includes warm, supportive parent-child relationships where parents are aware of their EAs use without focusing on their EA's perceptions of risk. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Adler L, Zacay G, Schonmann Y, Azuri J, Yehoshua I, Vinker S, Shani M, Heymann AD, Hoffman R. Primary care physicians' attitudes and knowledge regarding medical cannabis and willingness to prescribe it: the Israeli experience. Fam Pract 2022; 39:59-64. [PMID: 34476478 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmab108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of medical cannabis (MC) in Israel has increased since its regulatory approval in 2016. Currently, more than 1% of Israeli adults are treated with MC; this requires primary care physicians (PCPs) to be familiar with this treatment option. OBJECTIVES We assessed the attitudes and knowledge of Israeli PCPs toward MC and evaluated their willingness to prescribe it for different medical conditions. METHODS A cross-sectional survey which was distributed to PCPs in Israel. Physicians were asked about their opinions, knowledge, and willingness to prescribe MC. RESULTS Two hundred and one PCPs answered the questionnaire. Their average age was 47 years (±11.2), 71% were specialists. 51% of the respondents thought that MC is an effective treatment. 63% replied that they had little knowledge and 75% indicated that they would like to deepen it. 61% of the respondents were willing to initiate an MC treatment for a dying patient, while less than 50% were willing to initiate MC treatment for various other conditions. Most respondents indicated that they were willing to renew a prescription for any approved medical condition. Willingness to prescribe MC increased for physicians who agreed that MC was effective (odds ratio [OR] 21.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.40-200.85), for physicians who strongly agreed with the statement that they had sufficient knowledge (OR 5.0, 95% CI 1.58-15.83) and for residents compared with specialists (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.52-10.73). CONCLUSIONS Our survey revealed PCPs' differing opinions and insufficient knowledge regarding treatment with MC. These findings suggest that continuing medical education regarding MC is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limor Adler
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tal Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Family Medicine, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Galia Zacay
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tal Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Family Medicine, Meuhedet Healthcare Maintenance Organization, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yochai Schonmann
- Siaal Research Center for Family Medicine and Primary Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,Department of Quality Measurements and Research, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Joseph Azuri
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tal Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Family Medicine, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilan Yehoshua
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tal Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Family Medicine, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shlomo Vinker
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tal Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Leumit Health Services, Headquarters, Medical Division, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Shani
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tal Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Family Medicine Central District, Clalit Health Services, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anthony D Heymann
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tal Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Family Medicine, Meuhedet Healthcare Maintenance Organization, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Robert Hoffman
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tal Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Family Medicine, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Family Medicine, Meuhedet Healthcare Maintenance Organization, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Madkour AS, Clum G, Green J, Latimer J, Schmidt N, Johnson C, Kissinger P. Patterns and correlates of substance use among young adult African American women. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2022; 21:197-215. [PMID: 32052710 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2020.1725708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Patterns and correlates of substance use among urban African American young women (ages 18-19, n = 459) were examined. Four patterns were identified: no/infrequent alcohol and marijuana use (64.9%); recent alcohol only use (18.2%); recent marijuana only use (7.9%); and recent alcohol and marijuana use (9.0%). Having a recent male sexual partner and a history of sexual coercion were associated with increased odds of marijuana-only and dual use. Greater family support and childhood sexual abuse were associated with increased odds of alcohol-only use. Results suggest that sexual relationships and history of abuse/coercion are important factors in young African American women's substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey Spriggs Madkour
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Gretchen Clum
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jakevia Green
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jen Latimer
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Norine Schmidt
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Carolyn Johnson
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Patricia Kissinger
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Berg CJ, Windle M, Dodge T, Cavazos-Rehg P, Yang YT, Ma Y, Haardörfer R. Marijuana Use and Increases in Use over Time among Young Adult College Students in the State of Georgia: Analyses of Sociocontexual Predictors. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:350-359. [PMID: 34913832 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.2012691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While research has assessed correlates of marijuana use, there has been less focus on predictors of differing levels of changes in use during young adulthood, a critical period for use/escalation. OBJECTIVES We examined changes in marijuana use and related sociocontextual predictors (e.g., earlier-onset substance use, parental use, college type). METHODS Using data from Georgia college students (ages 18-25 years) in a 2-year, 6-wave longitudinal study (64.6% female, 63.4% White), 2-part random-effects modeling examined use at any assessment and number of days used. RESULTS Predictors of use status at any assessment included being male (OR = 1.87, 95%CI = [1.28-2.73]), Black (OR = 1.91, 95%CI = [1.15-3.19]), earlier-onset marijuana (OR = 2.63, 95%CI = [1.70-4.06]), cigarette (OR = 2.04, 95%CI = [1.19-3.48]), and alcohol users (OR = 1.49, 95%CI = 1.00-2.22]), parental tobacco (OR = 2.14, 95%CI = [1.18-3.86]) and/or alcohol use (OR = 1.55, 95%CI = [1.09-2.20]), and attending private (vs. public) institutions (OR = 1.68, 95%CI = [1.10-2.59]). Predictors of lower likelihood of use over time included being male (OR = 0.87, 95%CI = [0.77-0.98]), earlier-onset cigarette use (OR = 0.82, 95%CI = [0.68-0.98]), parental alcohol use (OR = 0.86, 95%CI = [0.77-0.97]), and private institution students (OR = 1.17, 95%CI = [1.02-1.34]). Predictors of more days used at baseline included being male (OR = 1.77, 95%CI = [1.40-2.23]), Black (OR = 1.42, 95%CI = [1.04-1.93]), earlier-onset marijuana (OR = 2.32, 95%CI = [1.78-3.01]) and alcohol users (OR = 1.29, 95%CI = [1.01-1.66]), and parental tobacco use (OR = 1.90, 95%CI = [1.32-2.73]). Predictors of fewer days used over time included being older (OR = 0.98, 95%CI = [0.97-1.00]), parental tobacco use (OR = 0.86, 95%CI = [0.78-0.95]), and attending private institutions (OR = 0.89, 95%CI = [0.83-0.93]). CONCLUSIONS Intervention efforts can be informed by current findings that correlates of baseline use (e.g., being male, attending private institutions) also predicted less use over time, and one's earlier use and parents' use of various substances impacted young adult use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla J Berg
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael Windle
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tonya Dodge
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Patricia Cavazos-Rehg
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Y Tony Yang
- Center for Health Policy and Media Engagement, School of Nursing, George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Regine Haardörfer
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Baiden P, Morgan MA, Logan MW. Sports- and Physical Activity-Related Concussions, Binge Drinking and Marijuana Use among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Depression and Suicidal Ideation. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:504-515. [PMID: 34967277 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.2019779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although past studies have examined the adverse impact of sports- and physical activity-related concussions (SPACs) on health and mental health outcomes, there is a dearth of research investigating the association between SPACs and binge drinking and marijuana use. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to examine the cross-sectional association between SPACs and binge drinking and marijuana use among adolescents and whether symptoms of depression and suicidal ideation mediate this association. METHODS Data for this study came from the 2017 and 2019 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey. An analytic sample of 17,175 adolescents aged 14-18 years (50.2% male) was analyzed using binary logistic regression. RESULTS Of the 17,175 adolescents, 13.7% engaged in binge drinking and 19.3% used marijuana 30 days preceding the survey date. Approximately one in seven (14.1%) adolescents had SPACs during the past year. Upon controlling for the effects of other factors, adolescents who had SPACs had 1.74 times higher odds of engaging in binge drinking (AOR = 1.74, p<.001, 95% CI = 1.47-2.06) and 1.42 times higher odds of using marijuana (AOR = 1.42, p<.001, 95% CI = 1.24-1.62) than those who did not have SPACs. Symptoms of depression and suicidal ideation explained 12% of the association between SPACs and binge drinking, and 19% of the association between SPACs and marijuana use. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the association between SPACs and substance use and mental health could contribute to early identification of adolescents who may engage in substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Baiden
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Mark A Morgan
- Department of Criminal Justice & Security Studies, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew W Logan
- School of Criminal Justice & Criminology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
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Flores MW, Granados S, Cook BL. US trends in the association of suicide ideation/behaviors with marijuana use among adolescents ages 12-17 and differences by gender and race/ethnicity. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1057784. [PMID: 36684023 PMCID: PMC9849946 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1057784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the US over the past decade, there has been a steady increase in marijuana use rates among adolescents, in part due to marijuana legalization laws. It is unknown whether these greater marijuana use rates are associated with rising rates of adolescent suicide ideation and behaviors (plan and attempt) or whether these associations differ by gender or race/ethnicity. OBJECTIVE To determine whether marijuana use is associated with suicide ideation/behaviors among adolescents and if differences exist by gender and race/ethnicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the 2015-2019 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, we assessed the relationship between marijuana use frequency and suicide ideation/behaviors among adolescents (12-17, n = 73,986). We also examined the association with marijuana use disorder (MUD) and assessed differences by gender and race/ethnicity. Marijuana use frequency in the past year was categorized as no use, non-weekly use, and weekly-plus use. We estimated multivariable logistic regression models, adjusting for sociodemographics, health status, common co-occurring behavioral health disorders, and criminal history. For interpretability, regression coefficients were converted into predicted probabilities using predictive margin methods. RESULTS In primary analyses, adolescents with non-weekly use and weekly-plus use had higher rates of any suicide ideation, 61.5% (+ 10.4 percentage-points; 95% CI: 7.0-13.8%) and 64.5% (+ 13.4 percentage-points; 95% CI: 9.1-17.7%), relative to no use (51.1%). Non-weekly and weekly-plus use was associated with higher rates of any suicide plan 58.2% (+ 11.8 percentage-points; 95% CI: 7.8-16.0%) and 59.0% (+ 12.6 percentage-points; 95% CI: 6.4-18.9%), and any suicide attempt, 42.0% (+ 11.6 percentage-points; 95% CI: 7.0-16.2%) and 47.3% (+ 16.9 percentage-points; 95% CI: 10.9-22.9%) compared to no use (46.4 and 30.4%, respectively). Similar results were found among adolescents with a MUD (all p < 0.05). Positive associations between marijuana use and suicide ideation/behaviors persisted among males and females as well as White, Black, and Latinx adolescents (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Between 2015 and 2019, suicide ideation/behaviors increased for adolescents that used marijuana. As marijuana is legalized in more states, public health efforts are needed to curb increases in marijuana use among adolescents and to better understand the causal linkages between marijuana use and suicide ideation/behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael William Flores
- Health Equity Research Lab, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Saul Granados
- Health Equity Research Lab, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Benjamin Lê Cook
- Health Equity Research Lab, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Marziali ME, Levy NS, Martins SS. Perceptions of peer and parental attitudes toward substance use and actual adolescent substance use: The impact of adolescent-confidant relationships. Subst Abus 2022; 43:1085-1093. [PMID: 35442871 PMCID: PMC9706817 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2022.2060439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective: While peer influence is a well-documented risk factor for adolescent substance use, it remains unclear whether peer or parental attitudes have greater impact, and if this relationship is moderated by having a confidant and the relationship between adolescents and their confidant. Method: Pooled (2015-2018) National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) data on adolescents (12-17 years) were used. Perceived peer and parental disapproval of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use were dichotomized. We assessed associations between disapproval and past-month tobacco (N = 51,352), alcohol (N = 51,407), and marijuana use (N = 51,355) using separate multivariable logistic regression models. We explored effect modification by the presence of a confidant, parental vs. non-parental disapproval, and peer vs. non-peer confidant relationship. Results: Peer and parental disapproval, presence of any confidant, and identifying a parental confidant were consistently protective against substance use; identifying a peer confidant increased odds of use across substances. For marijuana use, peer disapproval (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06, 0.08) was more protective than parental disapproval (aOR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.15). The joint presence of peer/parental disapproval and any confidant decreased the odds of substance use beyond the individual effects of peer/parental disapproval and having a confidant. However, having a peer confidant attenuated the protective association between peer/parental disapproval and tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use. Conclusions: Both peer and parental relationships are salient when considering the social context of adolescent substance use and should be considered when studying the effects of perceived disapproval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Marziali
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Natalie S. Levy
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Silvia S. Martins
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032,Corresponding author: Dr. Silvia Martins, , Phone: 212-305-2848, Address: 722 W 168th St, 5th floor, Room 509, New York, NY, 10032
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Clendennen SL, Case KR, Sumbe A, Mantey DS, Mason EJ, Harrell MB. Stress, Dependence, and COVID-19-related Changes in Past 30-day Marijuana, Electronic Cigarette, and Cigarette Use among Youth and Young Adults. Tob Use Insights 2021; 14:1179173X211067439. [PMID: 34987299 PMCID: PMC8721399 DOI: 10.1177/1179173x211067439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies show smoking and vaping behaviors increase risk of contracting and worse symptoms of COVID-19. This study examines whether past 30-day youth and young adult users of marijuana, e-cigarettes, and cigarettes self-reported changes in their use of these substances due to the COVID-19 pandemic; and cross-sectional associations between perceived stress, nicotine or marijuana dependence, and COVID-19-related changes in use. METHODS Participants were 709 past 30-day self-reported substance users from the Texas Adolescent Tobacco and Marketing Surveillance study (TATAMS; mean age = 19; 58% female; 38% Hispanic, 35% white). Multiple logistic regression models assessed cross-sectional associations between perceived stress and dependence and increased, decreased, or sustained past 30-day use of marijuana, e-cigarettes, and cigarettes due to COVID-19 (e.g., "Has your marijuana use changed due to the COVID-19 outbreak?"). Covariates included age, race/ethnicity, socio-economic status (SES), dependence (exposure: stress), and stress (exposure: dependence). RESULTS Most participants reported sustained (41%, 43%, 49%) or increased (37%, 34%, 25%) use of marijuana, e-cigarettes, and cigarettes due to COVID-19, respectively. Participants who reported symptoms of dependence were significantly more likely than their non-dependent peers to report increasing their marijuana (AOR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.15-2.39) and e-cigarette (AOR: 2.57; 95% CI: 1.38-4.77) use. Those who reported higher perceived stress were significantly more likely to report increasing their marijuana use (AOR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.01-2.42). CONCLUSIONS Most youth and young adults did not decrease their substance use amid a global, respiratory disease pandemic. Health messaging and interventions that address the health effects of smoking and vaping as well as factors like stress and dependence that may be barriers to decreasing use are vital in curbing the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Clendennen
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA,Stephanie L. Clendennen, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, 1616 Guadalupe, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701, USA. Email:
| | - Kathleen R Case
- Center for Research to Advance Community Health (ReACH), UTHealth San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Aslesha Sumbe
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Dale S Mantey
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Emily J Mason
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Melissa B Harrell
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
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Wasserman AM, Shaw-Meadow KJ, Moon TJ, Karns-Wright TE, Mathias CW, Hill-Kapturczak N, Dougherty DM. The externalizing and internalizing pathways to marijuana use initiation: Examining the synergistic effects of impulsiveness and sensation seeking. Dev Psychol 2021; 57:2250-2264. [PMID: 34928672 PMCID: PMC9815474 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent marijuana use has become increasingly more problematic compared with the past; thus, understanding developmental processes that increase the liability of marijuana use is essential. Two developmental pathways to adolescent substance use have been proposed: an externalizing pathway that emphasizes the expression of aggressive and delinquent behavior, and an internalizing pathway that emphasizes the role of depressive symptoms and negative affect. In this study, we aimed to examine the synergistic role of impulsiveness and sensation seeking in the two risk pathways to determine whether both high and low levels of the traits are risk factors for marijuana use. Our study included 343 adolescents (52% were girls, 78% identified as Hispanic) that oversampled high-risk youth (78% had a family history of substance use disorder), assessed biannually between the ages of 13-16 years old. Moderated mediation analyses revealed that high levels of sensation seeking indirectly predicted marijuana use through higher mean levels of externalizing behavior. The positive relationship between sensation seeking and externalizing behavior was only significant at high levels of impulsiveness. Conversely, low levels of sensation seeking indirectly predicted marijuana use through higher mean levels of internalizing behavior. The negative relationship between sensation seeking and internalizing behavior was only significant at low levels of impulsiveness. Collectively, these results demonstrate that high and low levels of both impulsiveness and sensation seeking confer increased risk of marijuana use, albeit through different mechanisms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K J Shaw-Meadow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | - T J Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | - T E Karns-Wright
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | - C W Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | - N Hill-Kapturczak
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | - D M Dougherty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
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Popa MD, Sharma A, Kundnani NR, Gag OL, Rosca CI, Mocanu V, Tudor A, Popovici RA, Vlaicu B, Borza C. Identification of Heavy Tobacco Smoking Predictors-Influence of Marijuana Consuming Peers and Truancy among College Students. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1666. [PMID: 34946393 PMCID: PMC8701256 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9121666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poorly informed college students tend to adopt the habit of cigarette smoking. This habit often continues into their adulthoods, adversely affecting the population's health and increasing the burden on healthcare systems. AIM We aimed at exploring the predictors of the avoidable habit of smoking. We performed an analysis of the correlation between the potential predictors (marijuana use among peers and truancy) and the tobacco smoking statuses of the students. MATERIAL AND METHOD Our study sample included 2976 students from colleges in Timis County, Romania, during the 2018-2019 period. The gender distribution of the participants was 62.5% girls and 37.5% boys, between the ages 18 and 25 years. A logistic regression test was performed to determine the impact of some personal and environmental factors, which are responsible for heavy smoking in this population. RESULTS Our findings suggest that the degree of marijuana smoking among friends and the frequency of college truancy are meaningful predictors of heavy smoking among young adults. The students with higher cigarette smoking rates had significantly more marijuana-smoking friends when compared to the students with average smoking rates. The truancy was higher among the students with higher cigarette smoking rates, compared to the students with average smoking rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela-Daiana Popa
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Victor Babes’, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Abhinav Sharma
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Victor Babes’, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Municipality Hospital, 310030 Arad, Romania
- Civil Medical Society Dr Rosca, 307405 Teremia Mare, Romania;
| | - Nilima Rajpal Kundnani
- Civil Medical Society Dr Rosca, 307405 Teremia Mare, Romania;
- Department of Functional Sciences, Physiology, Centre of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies (CIFBIOTEH), University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Victor Babes’, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Otilia Lavinia Gag
- Depatment of Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, ‘Vasile Goldis’ Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania;
- Discipline of Management, Legislation, and Communication in Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Victor Babes’, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Ciprian Ilie Rosca
- Civil Medical Society Dr Rosca, 307405 Teremia Mare, Romania;
- Department of Internal Medicine-Medical Semiotics, Centre for Advanced Research in Cardiovascular Pathology and Hemostasis, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Victor Babes’, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Valeria Mocanu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Victor Babes’, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Anca Tudor
- Department of Functional Science-Biostatistics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Victor Babes’, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Ramona Amina Popovici
- Discipline of Management, Legislation, and Communication in Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Victor Babes’, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Brigitha Vlaicu
- Department of Hygiene, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Victor Babes’, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Claudia Borza
- Department of Functional Science-Physiopathology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Victor Babes’, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
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Tomayko EJ, Thompson PN, Smith MC, Gunter KB, Schuna JM. Impact of Reduced School Exposure on Adolescent Health Behaviors and Food Security: Evidence From 4-Day School Weeks. J Sch Health 2021; 91:1055-1063. [PMID: 34617281 PMCID: PMC8595551 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Four-day school week (FDSW) use has increased substantially among US districts in recent years, but limited data exist on health impacts of this school schedule. This study examined associations of reduced school exposure via FDSWs with adolescent health and risk behaviors, obesity, and food security. METHODS Self-report data from 8th- and 11th-grade students from the Oregon Healthy Teens survey across 5 survey years (odd years 2007-2015, total N = 91,860-104,108 respondents depending on the survey question) were linked to a FDSW indicator. Regression analyses controlling for student and school characteristics compared outcomes between students in 4- and 5-day schools overall (without school fixed effects) and outcomes associated with switching to a FDSW (with school fixed effects). RESULTS When controlling for multiple student- and school-level factors, we observed adolescents in FDSW schools report they consume sugar sweetened beverages more frequently and water less frequently, have access to fewer days of physical education, are more likely to be food insecure, and are more likely to report the use of any drugs and specifically marijuana than 5-day school week students. CONCLUSIONS Limiting exposure to the school environment via FDSWs may impact adolescent health behaviors, including diet, physical activity, and drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Tomayko
- Assistant Research Professor, , Center for American Indian and Rural Health Equity, Montana State University, 2155 Analysis Drive, Bozeman, MT, 59718., USA
| | - Paul N Thompson
- Associate Professor, Economics, , School of Public Policy, Oregon State University, 340 Bexell Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331., USA
| | - Madeleine C Smith
- Predoctoral Fellow, , Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Schönberggasse 1, CH-8001, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katherine B Gunter
- Professor and Extension Specialist, Kinesiology, , College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, 2631 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331., USA
| | - John M Schuna
- Associate Professor, Kinesiology, , College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, 2631 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331., USA
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45
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Kim SY, Chen S, Wen W, Yan J, Song J, Hou Y, Zhang M, Schwartz SJ, Shen Y. Language Brokering-Stress Transition Profiles and Marijuana Use in Mexican-Origin Adolescents. J Psychoactive Drugs 2021; 53:384-393. [PMID: 34706636 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2021.1992046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Although Mexican-origin adolescents experience multiple contextual stressors (e.g., discrimination, economic stress, and foreigner stress) that may result in increased marijuana use, they actively engage in cultural practices (e.g., language brokering) that may protect them from adverse developmental outcomes. Yet, the joint influence of contextual stressors and language brokering on marijuana use has rarely been studied from a developmental perspective. Using a sample of 604 Mexican-origin adolescent brokers (54% female, Mage.Wave1 = 12.41), we examined how stability and change of language brokering-contextual stress (i.e., broker-stress) profiles across three waves are related to adolescent marijuana use. We hypothesized that adolescents with positive brokering experiences and lower contextual stress across three waves (i.e., those in the Stable Protective profile) would be the least likely to use marijuana. For brokering for mothers, the Stable Protective and the Change to Protective groups were less likely than other groups to use marijuana. For brokering for fathers, the Stable Protective group was the least likely to use marijuana and the Change to Protective group was less likely than the Risk at Any Wave group to use marijuana. Interventions could foster brokering-related positive feelings across the course of adolescence to reduce marijuana use among Mexican-origin adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yeong Kim
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Shanting Chen
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Wen Wen
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jinjin Yan
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jiaxiu Song
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yang Hou
- Department of Family Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Minyu Zhang
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Seth J Schwartz
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yishan Shen
- School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
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Sheikh B, Hirachan T, Gandhi K, Desai S, Arif R, Isakov O. Cannabis-Induced Malignant Catatonia: A Medical Emergency and Review of Prior Case Series. Cureus 2021; 13:e17490. [PMID: 34548987 PMCID: PMC8437206 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Few case reports of catatonia associated with cannabis use are reported. Here, we describe a case of a 35-year-old African American male who developed malignant catatonia following heavy cannabis use. The patient was brought to the emergency department (ED) for altered mental status, hypertension, and erratic behavior. Before his ED presentation, he was smoking cannabis in heavy amounts, confirmed by positive urine toxicology in ED. Initial lab results showed leukocytosis, elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels. Head CT scans without contrast, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, were nonsignificant. In ED, the patient was agitated, combative, mute, and rigid. He was sedated using 2 mg of intramuscular (IM) midazolam. Psychiatric consultation services suspected catatonia, and the patient scored 12 points on Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS). Although the patient’s symptoms responded to 2 mg of IM lorazepam, the patient later relapsed, became tachycardic with blood pressure fluctuations, and his repeat BFCRS score was 18. At this point, the patient was diagnosed as having malignant catatonia, and his lorazepam dosage was increased up to 6 mg IM per day. After a few days of waxing and waning of his symptoms, he finally started to show constant improvement and gradually reduced his symptoms. Our case highlights the first-ever reported case of malignant catatonia associated with cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batool Sheikh
- Department of Psychiatry, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Tinu Hirachan
- Department of Psychiatry, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Kunal Gandhi
- Department of Psychiatry, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Saral Desai
- Department of Psychiatry, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Rimsha Arif
- Department of Psychiatry, Saba University School of Medicine, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Oleg Isakov
- Department of Psychiatry, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
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47
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Chardon ML, Beal SJ, Breen G, McGrady ME. Systematic Review of Substance Use Measurement Tools in Adolescent and Young Adult Childhood Cancer Survivors. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2021; 11:333-345. [PMID: 34550793 PMCID: PMC9464089 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2021.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance use among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) is associated with an increased risk of poor physical and mental health outcomes. For AYA childhood cancer survivors (CCSs), substance use may also increase their likelihood of experiencing late effects. As a result, professional organizations recommend that AYA CCSs be regularly screened for risk behaviors, including substance use. The best methods for assessing these behaviors as part of clinical care for AYA CCSs, however, remain unclear. To begin to address this gap, the purpose of this study was to systematically review written substance use measures that have been used with AYA CCSs and published between 2000 and 2020. A search of PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL using terms related to substance use and AYA CCSs identified 47 articles representing 20 different written substance use measures that evaluated current substance use (i.e., use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, prescription medications taken in a manner other than as prescribed, and/or other illicit substances within the 12 months). Measures varied in domains assessed, item formats, and response formats. Results are presented alongside recommendations for selecting screening tools for use with AYA CCS populations in both clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie L Chardon
- Division of Behavioral Medicine & Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Sarah J Beal
- Division of Behavioral Medicine & Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Gabriella Breen
- Division of Behavioral Medicine & Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Meghan E McGrady
- Division of Behavioral Medicine & Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Patient and Family Wellness Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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48
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Priestley S, Lee KA. Understanding IPV Perpetration Among Young Jamaican Men: The Role of Socialization and Attitudinal Factors. J Interpers Violence 2021; 36:NP9053-NP9077. [PMID: 31189370 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519854553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the association among a number of demographic, socialization, and attitudinal factors, and intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration in a sample of young Jamaican men. We conducted bivariate and logistic regression analyses using data from the 2008 Reproductive Health Survey (RHS) administered by the Statistical Institute of Jamaica (STATIN) for the National Family Planning Board. The RHS is a nationally representative sample of Jamaican women of childbearing age and men aged 15-24 years. Findings indicated that being in a co-residential union, residing in an urban area, and having fair or poor health were significant demographic characteristics associated with IPV perpetration. Similarly, witnessing violence between parents in childhood, being physically hit after age 15 years, and having a controlling nature were significant socialization and attitudinal predictors of perpetrating recent IPV. Implications for practice, policy, and areas for further research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kerry A Lee
- University of Maryland School of Social Work, Baltimore, MD, USA
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49
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Cappelli C, Miller KA, Ritt-Olson A, Pentz MA, Salahpour S, Milam JE. Binge Drinking, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Among Young Adult Childhood Cancer Survivors: A Longitudinal Study. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 2021; 38:285-294. [PMID: 34096807 DOI: 10.1177/10434542211011036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Substance use among young adult childhood cancer survivors (YACCSs) has been found to increase during survivorship, resulting in increased risk of developing long-term negative health outcomes. This investigation sought to determine various risk and protective factors of tobacco, alcohol, or marijuana use over time among a sample of YACCSs. Methods: 127 YACCSs (57% Hispanic, 55% female, average age at diagnosis 12.4 years) who were diagnosed with any cancer type (except Hodgkin lymphoma) at two large pediatric medical centers in Los Angeles County between 2000 and 2007 responded to two surveys separated by ∼5 years. Bivariate logistic regression models were used to assess independent clinical and psychosocial Time 1 variables associated with each substance use outcome at Time 2. Time 1 variables significant at p < .10 were included in multivariable logistic regression models for each Time 2 substance use variable. Results: Rates of 30-day use increased over time for binge drinking alcohol (from 25.6% to 37.7%), marijuana (from 10.6% to 22.1%), and cigarette/tobacco (from 8.9% to 12.2%). Of the following Time 1 variables, marijuana use, cigarette use, and binge drinking were associated with Time 2 marijuana, cigarette, and binge drinking, respectively. Of the following clinical factors, receipt of more intensive cancer treatment was associated with decreased tobacco use. All other psychosocial and clinical factors analyzed were not associated with any increase or decrease in substance use. Conclusions: A greater emphasis on early health education efforts regarding the health risks of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use is needed in this at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Cappelli
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, 12223University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly A Miller
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, 12223University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anamara Ritt-Olson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, 12223University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mary A Pentz
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, 12223University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sofia Salahpour
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, 12223University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joel E Milam
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, 12223University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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50
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Sterrett-Hong EM, Birkett M, Kuhns L, Zhang D, Mustanski B. The Impact of Closeness to Non-Parental Adults in Social Networks on Substance Use among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men. J Homosex 2021; 68:1727-1744. [PMID: 31902312 PMCID: PMC7334073 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2019.1705670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Non-parental adults (NPAs), or adults in social networks other than parents and romantic/sexual partnersare an under-examined potential resource in the lives of young men who have sex with men (YMSM). Using survey and social network data from a sample (n = 169) of ethnically diverse YMSM in a Midwestern city, this article examines longitudinal associations between emotional closeness to NPAs and subsequent substance use among YMSM. After controlling for race/ethnicity, closer relationships with NPAs were associated with a lower likelihood of binge-drinking and marijuana use six months later. In an exploratory set of analyses, the level of connectedness between NPAs and other members of social networks was not associated with substance use. Future studies should continue to examine the protective role of NPAs for both substance use and other health behaviors among YMSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M. Sterrett-Hong
- Couple and Family Therapy Program, Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Michelle Birkett
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Lisa Kuhns
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Donghang Zhang
- Couple and Family Therapy Program, Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Brian Mustanski
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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