1
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Walsh RM, Luongo R, Giacomelli E, Ciceri G, Rittenhouse C, Verrillo A, Galimberti M, Bocchi VD, Wu Y, Xu N, Mosole S, Muller J, Vezzoli E, Jungverdorben J, Zhou T, Barker RA, Cattaneo E, Studer L, Baggiolini A. Generation of human cerebral organoids with a structured outer subventricular zone. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114031. [PMID: 38583153 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Outer radial glia (oRG) emerge as cortical progenitor cells that support the development of an enlarged outer subventricular zone (oSVZ) and the expansion of the neocortex. The in vitro generation of oRG is essential to investigate the underlying mechanisms of human neocortical development and expansion. By activating the STAT3 signaling pathway using leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), which is not expressed in guided cortical organoids, we define a cortical organoid differentiation method from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) that recapitulates the expansion of a progenitor pool into the oSVZ. The oSVZ comprises progenitor cells expressing specific oRG markers such as GFAP, LIFR, and HOPX, closely matching human fetal oRG. Finally, incorporating neural crest-derived LIF-producing cortical pericytes into cortical organoids recapitulates the effects of LIF treatment. These data indicate that increasing the cellular complexity of the organoid microenvironment promotes the emergence of oRG and supports a platform to study oRG in hPSC-derived brain organoids routinely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Walsh
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Raffaele Luongo
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona Institutes of Science (BIOS+), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Giacomelli
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gabriele Ciceri
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chelsea Rittenhouse
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, New York, NY 1300, USA
| | - Antonietta Verrillo
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona Institutes of Science (BIOS+), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Maura Galimberti
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Vittoria Dickinson Bocchi
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Youjun Wu
- The SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nan Xu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Simone Mosole
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona Institutes of Science (BIOS+), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - James Muller
- Developmental Biology and Immunology Programs, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elena Vezzoli
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Johannes Jungverdorben
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ting Zhou
- The SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Roger A Barker
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Forvie Site, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenz Studer
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, New York, NY 1300, USA.
| | - Arianna Baggiolini
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona Institutes of Science (BIOS+), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.
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Valenza M, Birolini G, Cattaneo E. The translational potential of cholesterol-based therapies for neurological disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:583-598. [PMID: 37644213 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00864-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an important metabolite and membrane component and is enriched in the brain owing to its role in neuronal maturation and function. In the adult brain, cholesterol is produced locally, predominantly by astrocytes. When cholesterol has been used, recycled and catabolized, the derivatives are excreted across the blood-brain barrier. Abnormalities in any of these steps can lead to neurological dysfunction. Here, we examine how precise interactions between cholesterol production and its use and catabolism in neurons ensures cholesterol homeostasis to support brain function. As an example of a neurological disease associated with cholesterol dyshomeostasis, we summarize evidence from animal models of Huntington disease (HD), which demonstrate a marked reduction in cholesterol biosynthesis with clinically relevant consequences for synaptic activity and cognition. In addition, we examine the relationship between cholesterol loss in the brain and cognitive decline in ageing. We then present emerging therapeutic strategies to restore cholesterol homeostasis, focusing on evidence from HD mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Valenza
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy.
| | - Giulia Birolini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy.
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3
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Birolini G, Valenza M, Ottonelli I, Talpo F, Minoli L, Cappelleri A, Bombaci M, Caccia C, Canevari C, Trucco A, Leoni V, Passoni A, Favagrossa M, Nucera MR, Colombo L, Paltrinieri S, Bagnati R, Duskey JT, Caraffi R, Vandelli MA, Taroni F, Salmona M, Scanziani E, Biella G, Ruozi B, Tosi G, Cattaneo E. Chronic cholesterol administration to the brain supports complete and long-lasting cognitive and motor amelioration in Huntington's disease. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106823. [PMID: 37336430 PMCID: PMC10463277 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Evidence that Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by impaired cholesterol biosynthesis in the brain has led to strategies to increase its level in the brain of the rapidly progressing R6/2 mouse model, with a positive therapeutic outcome. Here we tested the long-term efficacy of chronic administration of cholesterol to the brain of the slowly progressing zQ175DN knock-in HD mice in preventing ("early treatment") or reversing ("late treatment") HD symptoms. To do this we used the most advanced formulation of cholesterol loaded brain-permeable nanoparticles (NPs), termed hybrid-g7-NPs-chol, which were injected intraperitoneally. We show that one cycle of treatment with hybrid-g7-NPs-chol, administered in the presymptomatic ("early treatment") or symptomatic ("late treatment") stages is sufficient to normalize cognitive defects up to 5 months, as well as to improve other behavioral and neuropathological parameters. A multiple cycle treatment combining both early and late treatments ("2 cycle treatment") lasting 6 months generates therapeutic effects for more than 11 months, without severe adverse reactions. Sustained cholesterol delivery to the brain of zQ175DN mice also reduces mutant Huntingtin aggregates in both the striatum and cortex and completely normalizes synaptic communication in the striatal medium spiny neurons compared to saline-treated HD mice. Furthermore, through a meta-analysis of published and current data, we demonstrated the power of hybrid-g7-NPs-chol and other strategies able to increase brain cholesterol biosynthesis, to reverse cognitive decline and counteract the formation of mutant Huntingtin aggregates. These results demonstrate that cholesterol delivery via brain-permeable NPs is a therapeutic option to sustainably reverse HD-related behavioral decline and neuropathological signs over time, highlighting the therapeutic potential of cholesterol-based strategies in HD patients. DATA AVAILABILITY: This study does not include data deposited in public repositories. Data are available on request to the corresponding authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Birolini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Valenza
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Ottonelli
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I. Center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Talpo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lucia Minoli
- Pathology Department, Evotec, 37135 Verona, Italy; Mouse & Animal Pathology Lab (MAPLab), Fondazione UniMi, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Cappelleri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; Mouse & Animal Pathology Lab (MAPLab), Fondazione UniMi, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Bombaci
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Caccia
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics. Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Canevari
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Arianna Trucco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Hospital Pio XI of Desio, ASST-Brianza and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Alice Passoni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Favagrossa
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Nucera
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Colombo
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Saverio Paltrinieri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Renzo Bagnati
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Jason Thomas Duskey
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I. Center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Riccardo Caraffi
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I. Center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Vandelli
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I. Center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Franco Taroni
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics. Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Salmona
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; Mouse & Animal Pathology Lab (MAPLab), Fondazione UniMi, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Gerardo Biella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Barbara Ruozi
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I. Center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tosi
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I. Center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20122 Milan, Italy.
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4
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Schellino R, Besusso D, Parolisi R, Gómez-González GB, Dallere S, Scaramuzza L, Ribodino M, Campus I, Conforti P, Parmar M, Boido M, Cattaneo E, Buffo A. hESC-derived striatal progenitors grafted into a Huntington's disease rat model support long-term functional motor recovery by differentiating, self-organizing and connecting into the lesioned striatum. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:189. [PMID: 37507794 PMCID: PMC10386300 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03422-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huntington's disease (HD) is a motor and cognitive neurodegenerative disorder due to prominent loss of striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs). Cell replacement using human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) derivatives may offer new therapeutic opportunities to replace degenerated neurons and repair damaged circuits. METHODS With the aim to develop effective cell replacement for HD, we assessed the long-term therapeutic value of hESC-derived striatal progenitors by grafting the cells into the striatum of a preclinical model of HD [i.e., adult immunodeficient rats in which the striatum was lesioned by monolateral injection of quinolinic acid (QA)]. We examined the survival, maturation, self-organization and integration of the graft as well as its impact on lesion-dependent motor alterations up to 6 months post-graft. Moreover, we tested whether exposing a cohort of QA-lesioned animals to environmental enrichment (EE) could improve graft integration and function. RESULTS Human striatal progenitors survived up to 6 months after transplantation and showed morphological and neurochemical features typical of human MSNs. Donor-derived interneurons were also detected. Grafts wired in both local and long-range striatal circuits, formed domains suggestive of distinct ganglionic eminence territories and displayed emerging striosome features. Moreover, over time grafts improved complex motor performances affected by QA. EE selectively increased cell differentiation into MSN phenotype and promoted host-to-graft connectivity. However, when combined to the graft, the EE paradigm used in this study was insufficient to produce an additive effect on task execution. CONCLUSIONS The data support the long-term therapeutic potential of ESC-derived human striatal progenitor grafts for the replacement of degenerated striatal neurons in HD and suggest that EE can effectively accelerate the maturation and promote the integration of human striatal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Schellino
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy.
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, 10043, Orbassano, Italy.
| | - Dario Besusso
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Parolisi
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Gabriela B Gómez-González
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Sveva Dallere
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Linda Scaramuzza
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Ribodino
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Campus
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Conforti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Malin Parmar
- Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marina Boido
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Buffo
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy.
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, 10043, Orbassano, Italy.
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5
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Dell'Amico C, Angulo Salavarria MM, Takeo Y, Saotome I, Dell'Anno MT, Galimberti M, Pellegrino E, Cattaneo E, Louvi A, Onorati M. Microcephaly-associated protein WDR62 shuttles from the Golgi apparatus to the spindle poles in human neural progenitors. eLife 2023; 12:81716. [PMID: 37272619 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
WDR62 is a spindle pole-associated scaffold protein with pleiotropic functions. Recessive mutations in WDR62 cause structural brain abnormalities and account for the second most common cause of autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH), indicating WDR62 as a critical hub for human brain development. Here, we investigated WDR62 function in corticogenesis through the analysis of a C-terminal truncating mutation (D955AfsX112). Using induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) obtained from a patient and his unaffected parent, as well as isogenic corrected lines, we generated 2D and 3D models of human neurodevelopment, including neuroepithelial stem cells, cerebro-cortical progenitors, terminally differentiated neurons, and cerebral organoids. We report that WDR62 localizes to the Golgi apparatus during interphase in cultured cells and human fetal brain tissue, and translocates to the mitotic spindle poles in a microtubule-dependent manner. Moreover, we demonstrate that WDR62 dysfunction impairs mitotic progression and results in alterations of the neurogenic trajectories of iPSC neuroderivatives. In summary, impairment of WDR62 localization and function results in severe neurodevelopmental abnormalities, thus delineating new mechanisms in the etiology of MCPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Dell'Amico
- Department of Biology, Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Yutaka Takeo
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Ichiko Saotome
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | | | - Maura Galimberti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrica Pellegrino
- Department of Biology, Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Angeliki Louvi
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Marco Onorati
- Department of Biology, Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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6
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Walsh R, Giacomelli E, Ciceri G, Rittenhouse C, Galimberti M, Wu Y, Muller J, Vezzoli E, Jungverdorben J, Zhou T, Barker RA, Cattaneo E, Studer L, Baggiolini A. Generation of human cerebral organoids with a structured outer subventricular zone. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.17.528906. [PMID: 36824730 PMCID: PMC9949131 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.17.528906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian outer radial glia (oRG) emerge as cortical progenitor cells that directly support the development of an enlarged outer subventricular zone (oSVZ) and, in turn, the expansion of the neocortex. The in vitro generation of oRG is essential to model and investigate the underlying mechanisms of human neocortical development and expansion. By activating the STAT3 pathway using LIF, which is not produced in guided cortical organoids, we developed a cerebral organoid differentiation method from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) that recapitulates the expansion of a progenitor pool into the oSVZ. The structured oSVZ is composed of progenitor cells expressing specific oRG markers such as GFAP, LIFR, HOPX , which closely matches human oRG in vivo . In this microenvironment, cortical neurons showed faster maturation with enhanced metabolic and functional activity. Incorporation of hPSC-derived brain vascular LIF- producing pericytes in cerebral organoids mimicked the effects of LIF treatment. These data indicate that the cellular complexity of the cortical microenvironment, including cell-types of the brain vasculature, favors the appearance of oRG and provides a platform to routinely study oRG in hPSC-derived brain organoids.
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7
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Conforti P, Bocchi VD, Campus I, Scaramuzza L, Galimberti M, Lischetti T, Talpo F, Pedrazzoli M, Murgia A, Ferrari I, Cordiglieri C, Fasciani A, Arenas E, Felsenfeld D, Biella G, Besusso D, Cattaneo E. In vitro-derived medium spiny neurons recapitulate human striatal development and complexity at single-cell resolution. Cell Rep Methods 2022; 2:100367. [PMID: 36590694 PMCID: PMC9795363 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell engineering of striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) is a promising strategy to understand diseases affecting the striatum and for cell-replacement therapies in different neurological diseases. Protocols to generate cells from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are scarce and how well they recapitulate the endogenous fetal cells remains poorly understood. We have developed a protocol that modulates cell seeding density and exposure to specific morphogens that generates authentic and functional D1- and D2-MSNs with a high degree of reproducibility in 25 days of differentiation. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) shows that our cells can mimic the cell-fate acquisition steps observed in vivo in terms of cell type composition, gene expression, and signaling pathways. Finally, by modulating the midkine pathway we show that we can increase the yield of MSNs. We expect that this protocol will help decode pathogenesis factors in striatal diseases and eventually facilitate cell-replacement therapies for Huntington's disease (HD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Conforti
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Vittoria Dickinson Bocchi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Campus
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Scaramuzza
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Maura Galimberti
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Lischetti
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Talpo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, Via Adolfo Ferrata, 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Pedrazzoli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, Via Adolfo Ferrata, 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessio Murgia
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Ferrari
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Cordiglieri
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fasciani
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Ernest Arenas
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Gerardo Biella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, Via Adolfo Ferrata, 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Dario Besusso
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, 20122 Milan, Italy
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8
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Bozzini S, Del Fante C, Morosini M, Berezhinskiy HO, Auner S, Cattaneo E, Della Zoppa M, Pandolfi L, Cacciatore R, Perotti C, Hoetzenecker K, Jaksch P, Benazzo A, Meloni F. Mechanisms of Action of Extracorporeal Photopheresis in the Control of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (BOS): Involvement of Circulating miRNAs. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071117. [PMID: 35406680 PMCID: PMC8997705 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests an improvement or stabilization of lung function in a fraction of patients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) treated by extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP); however, few studies have explored the epigenetic and molecular regulation of this therapy. The aim of present study was to evaluate whether a specific set of miRNAs were significantly regulated by ECP. Total RNA was isolated from serum of patients with established BOS grade 1–2 prior to the start and after 6 months of ECP treatment. We observed a significant downregulation of circulating hsa-miR-155-5p, hsa-miR-146a-5p and hsa-miR-31-5p in BOS patients at the start of ECP when compared to healthy subjects. In responders, increased miR-155-5p and decreased miR-23b-3p expression levels at 6 months were found. SMAD4 mRNA was found to be a common target of these two miRNAs in prediction pathways analysis, and a significant downregulation was found at 6 months in PBMCs of a subgroup of ECP-treated patients. According to previous evidence, the upregulation of miR-155 might be correlated with a pro-tolerogenic modulation of the immune system. Our analysis also suggests that SMAD4 might be a possible target for miR-155-5p. Further longitudinal studies are needed to address the possible role of miR-155 and its downstream targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bozzini
- Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Cell Biology Section, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.D.Z.); (L.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382-501-001
| | - Claudia Del Fante
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Service, Apheresis and Cell Therapy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.D.F.); (R.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Monica Morosini
- Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Cell Biology Section, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.D.Z.); (L.P.)
| | - Hatice Oya Berezhinskiy
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (H.O.B.); (S.A.); (K.H.); (P.J.); (A.B.)
| | - Sophia Auner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (H.O.B.); (S.A.); (K.H.); (P.J.); (A.B.)
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Cell Biology Section, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.D.Z.); (L.P.)
| | - Matteo Della Zoppa
- Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Cell Biology Section, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.D.Z.); (L.P.)
| | - Laura Pandolfi
- Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Cell Biology Section, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.D.Z.); (L.P.)
| | - Rosalia Cacciatore
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Service, Apheresis and Cell Therapy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.D.F.); (R.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Cesare Perotti
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Service, Apheresis and Cell Therapy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.D.F.); (R.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Konrad Hoetzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (H.O.B.); (S.A.); (K.H.); (P.J.); (A.B.)
| | - Peter Jaksch
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (H.O.B.); (S.A.); (K.H.); (P.J.); (A.B.)
| | - Alberto Benazzo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (H.O.B.); (S.A.); (K.H.); (P.J.); (A.B.)
| | - Federica Meloni
- UOS Transplant Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
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9
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Faverio P, Fumagalli A, Conti S, Madotto F, Bini F, Harari S, Mondoni M, Oggionni T, Barisione E, Ceruti P, Papetti MC, Bodini BD, Caminati A, Valentino A, Centanni S, Noè D, Della Zoppa M, Crotti S, Grosso M, Sukkar SG, Modina D, Andreoli M, Nicali R, Suigo G, De Giacomi F, Busnelli S, Cattaneo E, Mantovani LG, Cesana G, Pesci A, Luppi F. Nutritional assessment in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a prospective multicentre study. ERJ Open Res 2021; 8:00443-2021. [PMID: 35265706 PMCID: PMC8899499 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00443-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nutritional status impacts quality of life and prognosis of patients with respiratory diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, there is a lack of studies performing an extensive nutritional assessment of IPF patients. This study aimed to investigate the nutritional status and to identify nutritional phenotypes in a cohort of IPF patients at diagnosis. Methods Patients underwent a thorough pulmonary and nutritional evaluation including questionnaires on nutritional status, and physical activity, anthropometry, body impedance, dynamometry, 4-m gait speed and blood tests. Results 90 IPF patients (78.9% males, mean age 72.7 years) were enrolled. The majority of patients were classified as Gender-Age-Physiology Index stage 2 (47, 52.2%) with an inactive lifestyle according to International Physical Activity Questionnaire score (39, 43.3%), and had mean forced vital capacity and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide 86.5% and 54.2%, respectively. In regards to nutritional phenotypes, the majority of patients were normally nourished (67.8%, 95% CI 58.6–77.7%), followed by non-sarcopenic obese (25.3%, 95% CI 16.1–35.2%), sarcopenic (4.6%, 95% CI 0.0–14.5%) and sarcopenic obese (2.3%, 95% CI 0.0–12.2%). Among the normally nourished, 49.2% showed early signs of nutritional and physical performance alterations, including body mass index ≥30 kg·m−2 in 4.3%, history of weight loss ≥5% in 11.9%, and reduction of gait speed and hand grip strength in 11.9% and 35.6%, respectively. Low vitamin D values were observed in 56.3% of cases. Conclusions IPF patients at diagnosis are mainly normally nourished and obese, but early signs of nutritional and physical performance impairment can already be identified at this stage. Patients with IPF at diagnosis are mainly normally nourished and obese but early signs of nutritional and physical performance impairment can already be identified. Sarcopenia is identified only in a minority of cases; cachexia has not been observed.https://bit.ly/3kZuRh2
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10
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Cozzolino F, Vezzoli E, Cheroni C, Besusso D, Conforti P, Valenza M, Iacobucci I, Monaco V, Birolini G, Bombaci M, Falqui A, Saftig P, Rossi RL, Monti M, Cattaneo E, Zuccato C. ADAM10 hyperactivation acts on piccolo to deplete synaptic vesicle stores in Huntington's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:1175-1187. [PMID: 33601422 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic dysfunction and cognitive decline in Huntington's disease (HD) involve hyperactive A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10). To identify the molecular mechanisms through which ADAM10 is associated with synaptic dysfunction in HD, we performed an immunoaffinity purification-mass spectrometry (IP-MS) study of endogenous ADAM10 in the brains of wild-type and HD mice. We found that proteins implicated in synapse organization, synaptic plasticity, and vesicle and organelles trafficking interact with ADAM10, suggesting that it may act as hub protein at the excitatory synapse. Importantly, the ADAM10 interactome is enriched in presynaptic proteins and ADAM10 co-immunoprecipitates with piccolo (PCLO), a key player in the recycling and maintenance of synaptic vesicles. In contrast, reduced ADAM10/PCLO immunoprecipitation occurs in the HD brain, with decreased density of synaptic vesicles in the reserve and docked pools at the HD presynaptic terminal. Conditional heterozygous deletion of ADAM10 in the forebrain of HD mice reduces active ADAM10 to wild-type level and normalizes ADAM10/PCLO complex formation and synaptic vesicle density and distribution. The results indicate that presynaptic ADAM10 and PCLO are a relevant component of HD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Cozzolino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples 80126, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Elena Vezzoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Cristina Cheroni
- European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan 20141, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Dario Besusso
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Paola Conforti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Marta Valenza
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Ilaria Iacobucci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples 80126, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Vittoria Monaco
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples 80131, Italy
- Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute (INBB), Rome 00136, Italy
| | - Giulia Birolini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Mauro Bombaci
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Andrea Falqui
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, NABLA Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul Saftig
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel D-24098, Germany
| | - Riccardo L Rossi
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Maria Monti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples 80126, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Chiara Zuccato
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan 20122, Italy
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11
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Bocchi VD, Conforti P, Vezzoli E, Besusso D, Cappadona C, Lischetti T, Galimberti M, Ranzani V, Bonnal RJP, De Simone M, Rossetti G, He X, Kamimoto K, Espuny-Camacho I, Faedo A, Gervasoni F, Vuono R, Morris SA, Chen J, Felsenfeld D, Pavesi G, Barker RA, Pagani M, Cattaneo E. The coding and long noncoding single-cell atlas of the developing human fetal striatum. Science 2021; 372:372/6542/eabf5759. [PMID: 33958447 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf5759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering how the human striatum develops is necessary for understanding the diseases that affect this region. To decode the transcriptional modules that regulate this structure during development, we compiled a catalog of 1116 long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) identified de novo and then profiled 96,789 single cells from the early human fetal striatum. We found that D1 and D2 medium spiny neurons (D1- and D2-MSNs) arise from a common progenitor and that lineage commitment is established during the postmitotic transition, across a pre-MSN phase that exhibits a continuous spectrum of fate determinants. We then uncovered cell type-specific gene regulatory networks that we validated through in silico perturbation. Finally, we identified human-specific lincRNAs that contribute to the phylogenetic divergence of this structure in humans. This work delineates the cellular hierarchies governing MSN lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Dickinson Bocchi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Conforti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Vezzoli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Besusso
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Cappadona
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Lischetti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Maura Galimberti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoling He
- WT-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kenji Kamimoto
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ira Espuny-Camacho
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Faedo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Gervasoni
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Romina Vuono
- WT-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samantha A Morris
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jian Chen
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Giulio Pavesi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roger A Barker
- WT-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Massimiliano Pagani
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Milan, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. .,INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Milan, Italy
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12
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Birolini G, Verlengia G, Talpo F, Maniezzi C, Zentilin L, Giacca M, Conforti P, Cordiglieri C, Caccia C, Leoni V, Taroni F, Biella G, Simonato M, Cattaneo E, Valenza M. SREBP2 gene therapy targeting striatal astrocytes ameliorates Huntington's disease phenotypes. Brain 2021; 144:3175-3190. [PMID: 33974044 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain cholesterol is produced mainly by astrocytes and is important for neuronal function. Its biosynthesis is severely reduced in mouse models of Huntington's disease. One possible mechanism is a diminished nuclear translocation of the transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2) and, consequently, reduced activation of SREBP-controlled genes in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Here we evaluated the efficacy of a gene therapy based on the unilateral intra-striatal injection of a recombinant adeno-associated virus 2/5 (AAV2/5) targeting astrocytes specifically and carrying the transcriptionally active N-terminal fragment of human SREBP2. Robust hSREBP2 expression in striatal glial cells in R6/2 Huntington's disease mice activated the transcription of cholesterol biosynthesis pathway genes, restored synaptic transmission, reversed Drd2 transcript levels decline, cleared mutant Huntingtin aggregates and attenuated behavioral deficits. We conclude that glial SREBP2 participates in Huntington's disease brain pathogenesis in vivo and that AAV-based delivery of SREBP2 to astrocytes counteracts key features of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Birolini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi″, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Verlengia
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132, Milan, Italy.,Department of BioMedical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Talpo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Maniezzi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ICGEB, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacca
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ICGEB, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Paola Conforti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi″, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Cordiglieri
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi″, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Caccia
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics. Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Leoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900, Monza, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Hospital of Desio, ASST Monza, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Franco Taroni
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics. Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Gerardo Biella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michele Simonato
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132, Milan, Italy.,Department of BioMedical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi″, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Valenza
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi″, 20122, Milan, Italy
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13
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Smorti M, Ponti L, Bonassi L, Cattaneo E, Ionio C. Centrality of Pregnancy and Prenatal Attachment in Pregnant Nulliparous After Recent Elective or Therapeutic Abortion. Front Psychol 2020; 11:607879. [PMID: 33424718 PMCID: PMC7793931 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.607879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are two types of voluntary interruption of pregnancy: elective and therapeutic abortion. These forms are different for many reasons, and it is reasonable to assume that they can have negative consequences that can last until a subsequent gestation. However, no study has analyzed the psychological experience of gestation after a previous abortion, distinguishing the two forms of voluntary interruption of pregnancy. Objective This study aims to explore the level of prenatal attachment and centrality of pregnancy in nulliparous low-risk pregnant women with a recently (<3 years) previous elective or therapeutic abortion. Methods A total of 34 nulliparous pregnant women with a history of abortion (23 elective and 11 therapeutic abortion), aged from 27 to 48 years (mean = 37.17), were recruited in the maternity ward of a public hospital of the metropolitan area of Tuscany and Lombardy (Italy) during the third trimester of gestation. The participants filled out a battery of questionnaires aimed at assessing prenatal attachment and centrality of pregnancy. Results Analyses of variance showed that women with a history of elective abortion reported a higher centrality of pregnancy than women with a past therapeutic abortion. On the contrary, women with a past therapeutic abortion reported higher prenatal attachment. Conclusion Elective and therapeutic abortions are different experiences that impact the way women experience a subsequent pregnancy. Future research should further investigate the psychological experience of gestation after abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Smorti
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Ponti
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Lucia Bonassi
- Department of Mental Health, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Bergamo-Est, Seriate, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Mental Health, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Bergamo-Est, Seriate, Italy
| | - Chiara Ionio
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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14
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Conforti P, Besusso D, Brocchetti S, Campus I, Cappadona C, Galimberti M, Laporta A, Iennaco R, Rossi RL, Dickinson VB, Cattaneo E. RUES2 hESCs exhibit MGE-biased neuronal differentiation and muHTT-dependent defective specification hinting at SP1. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 146:105140. [PMID: 33065279 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
RUES2 cell lines represent the first collection of isogenic human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) carrying different pathological CAG lengths in the HTT gene. However, their neuronal differentiation potential has yet to be thoroughly evaluated. Here, we report that RUES2 during ventral telencephalic differentiation is biased towards medial ganglionic eminence (MGE). We also show that HD-RUES2 cells exhibit an altered MGE transcriptional signature in addition to recapitulating known HD phenotypes, with reduced expression of the neurodevelopmental regulators NEUROD1 and BDNF and increased cleavage of synaptically enriched N-cadherin. Finally, we identified the transcription factor SP1 as a common potential detrimental co-partner of muHTT by de novo motif discovery analysis on the LGE, MGE, and cortical genes differentially expressed in HD human pluripotent stem cells in our and additional datasets. Taken together, these observations suggest a broad deleterious effect of muHTT in the early phases of neuronal development that may unfold through its altered interaction with SP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Conforti
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Dario Besusso
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Silvia Brocchetti
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Ilaria Campus
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Claudio Cappadona
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Maura Galimberti
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Angela Laporta
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele Iennaco
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Riccardo L Rossi
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Vittoria Bocchi Dickinson
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan 20122, Italy.
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15
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Besusso D, Cossu A, Mohamed A, Cernigoj M, Codega P, Galimberti M, Campus I, Conforti P, Cattaneo E. A CRISPR-strategy for the generation of a detectable fluorescent hESC reporter line (WAe009-A-37) for the subpallial determinant GSX2. Stem Cell Res 2020; 49:102016. [PMID: 33039807 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.102016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
GSX2 is a homeobox transcription factor (TF) controlling the specification of the ventral lateral ganglionic eminence and its major derivative, the corpus striatum. Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) represent the largest cell component of the striatum and they are primarily affected in Huntington disease (HD). Here, we used CRISPR technology to generate a pluripotent GSX2-reporter human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line that can be leveraged to monitor striatal differentiation in real-time and to enrich for MSN-committed progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Besusso
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Andrea Cossu
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Ayat Mohamed
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Manuel Cernigoj
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Paolo Codega
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Maura Galimberti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Ilaria Campus
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Paola Conforti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan 20133, Italy
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16
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Birolini G, Valenza M, Di Paolo E, Vezzoli E, Talpo F, Maniezzi C, Caccia C, Leoni V, Taroni F, Bocchi VD, Conforti P, Sogne E, Petricca L, Cariulo C, Verani M, Caricasole A, Falqui A, Biella G, Cattaneo E. Striatal infusion of cholesterol promotes dose-dependent behavioral benefits and exerts disease-modifying effects in Huntington's disease mice. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e12519. [PMID: 32959531 PMCID: PMC7539329 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of pathophysiological mechanisms are implicated in Huntington's disease (HD). Among them, reduced cholesterol biosynthesis has been detected in the HD mouse brain from pre-symptomatic stages, leading to diminished cholesterol synthesis, particularly in the striatum. In addition, systemic injection of cholesterol-loaded brain-permeable nanoparticles ameliorates synaptic and cognitive function in a transgenic mouse model of HD. To identify an appropriate treatment regimen and gain mechanistic insights into the beneficial activity of exogenous cholesterol in the HD brain, we employed osmotic mini-pumps to infuse three escalating doses of cholesterol directly into the striatum of HD mice in a continuous and rate-controlled manner. All tested doses prevented cognitive decline, while amelioration of disease-related motor defects was dose-dependent. In parallel, we found morphological and functional recovery of synaptic transmission involving both excitatory and inhibitory synapses of striatal medium spiny neurons. The treatment also enhanced endogenous cholesterol biosynthesis and clearance of mutant Huntingtin aggregates. These results indicate that cholesterol infusion to the striatum can exert a dose-dependent, disease-modifying effect and may be therapeutically relevant in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Birolini
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”MilanItaly
| | - Marta Valenza
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”MilanItaly
| | - Eleonora Di Paolo
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”MilanItaly
| | - Elena Vezzoli
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”MilanItaly
- Present address:
Department of Biomedical Sciences for HealthUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Francesca Talpo
- Department of Biology and BiotechnologiesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Claudia Maniezzi
- Department of Biology and BiotechnologiesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Claudio Caccia
- Unit of Medical Genetics and NeurogeneticsFondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo BestaMilanItaly
| | - Valerio Leoni
- School of Medicine and SurgeryMonza and Laboratory of Clinical PathologyHospital of DesioASST‐MonzaUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Franco Taroni
- Unit of Medical Genetics and NeurogeneticsFondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo BestaMilanItaly
| | - Vittoria D Bocchi
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”MilanItaly
| | - Paola Conforti
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”MilanItaly
| | - Elisa Sogne
- Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE) DivisionNABLA LabKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Lara Petricca
- Neuroscience UnitTranslational and Discovery Research DepartmentIRBM S.p.ARomeItaly
| | - Cristina Cariulo
- Neuroscience UnitTranslational and Discovery Research DepartmentIRBM S.p.ARomeItaly
| | - Margherita Verani
- Neuroscience UnitTranslational and Discovery Research DepartmentIRBM S.p.ARomeItaly
| | - Andrea Caricasole
- Neuroscience UnitTranslational and Discovery Research DepartmentIRBM S.p.ARomeItaly
| | - Andrea Falqui
- Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE) DivisionNABLA LabKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Gerardo Biella
- Department of Biology and BiotechnologiesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”MilanItaly
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17
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Cozzolino F, Landolfi A, Iacobucci I, Monaco V, Caterino M, Celentano S, Zuccato C, Cattaneo E, Monti M. New label-free methods for protein relative quantification applied to the investigation of an animal model of Huntington Disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238037. [PMID: 32886703 PMCID: PMC7473538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Spectral Counts approaches (SpCs) are largely employed for the comparison of protein expression profiles in label-free (LF) differential proteomics applications. Similarly, to other comparative methods, also SpCs based approaches require a normalization procedure before Fold Changes (FC) calculation. Here, we propose new Complexity Based Normalization (CBN) methods that introduced a variable adjustment factor (f), related to the complexity of the sample, both in terms of total number of identified proteins (CBN(P)) and as total number of spectral counts (CBN(S)). Both these new methods were compared with the Normalized Spectral Abundance Factor (NSAF) and the Spectral Counts log Ratio (Rsc), by using standard protein mixtures. Finally, to test the robustness and the effectiveness of the CBNs methods, they were employed for the comparative analysis of cortical protein extract from zQ175 mouse brains, model of Huntington Disease (HD), and control animals (raw data available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD017471). LF data were also validated by western blot and MRM based experiments. On standard mixtures, both CBN methods showed an excellent behavior in terms of reproducibility and coefficients of variation (CVs) in comparison to the other SpCs approaches. Overall, the CBN(P) method was demonstrated to be the most reliable and sensitive in detecting small differences in protein amounts when applied to biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Cozzolino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Landolfi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Iacobucci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Marianna Caterino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Zuccato
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Monti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail:
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18
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Piras IS, Picinelli C, Iennaco R, Baccarin M, Castronovo P, Tomaiuolo P, Cucinotta F, Ricciardello A, Turriziani L, Nanetti L, Mariotti C, Gellera C, Lintas C, Sacco R, Zuccato C, Cattaneo E, Persico AM. Huntingtin gene CAG repeat size affects autism risk: Family-based and case-control association study. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2020; 183:341-351. [PMID: 32652810 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The Huntingtin (HTT) gene contains a CAG repeat in exon 1, whose expansion beyond 39 repeats consistently leads to Huntington's disease (HD), whereas normal-to-intermediate alleles seemingly modulate brain structure, function and behavior. The role of the CAG repeat in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) was investigated applying both family-based and case-control association designs, with the SCA3 repeat as a negative control. Significant overtransmission of "long" CAG alleles (≥17 repeats) to autistic children and of "short" alleles (≤16 repeats) to their unaffected siblings (all p < 10-5 ) was observed in 612 ASD families (548 simplex and 64 multiplex). Surprisingly, both 193 population controls and 1,188 neurological non-HD controls have significantly lower frequencies of "short" CAG alleles compared to 185 unaffected siblings and higher rates of "long" alleles compared to 548 ASD patients from the same families (p < .05-.001). The SCA3 CAG repeat displays no association. "Short" HTT alleles seemingly exert a protective effect from clinically overt autism in families carrying a genetic predisposition for ASD, while "long" alleles may enhance autism risk. Differential penetrance of autism-inducing genetic/epigenetic variants may imply atypical developmental trajectories linked to HTT functions, including excitation/inhibition imbalance, cortical neurogenesis and apoptosis, neuronal migration, synapse formation, connectivity and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio Stefano Piras
- Neurogenomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Chiara Picinelli
- Mafalda Luce Center for Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele Iennaco
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Baccarin
- Mafalda Luce Center for Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Castronovo
- Mafalda Luce Center for Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Milan, Italy
| | - Pasquale Tomaiuolo
- Interdepartmental Program "Autism 0-90", "Gaetano Martino" University Hospital, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Cucinotta
- Interdepartmental Program "Autism 0-90", "Gaetano Martino" University Hospital, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Arianna Ricciardello
- Interdepartmental Program "Autism 0-90", "Gaetano Martino" University Hospital, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Turriziani
- Interdepartmental Program "Autism 0-90", "Gaetano Martino" University Hospital, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Nanetti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Mariotti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Gellera
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Lintas
- Unit of Child and Adolescent NeuroPsychiatry & Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Neurogenetics, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Sacco
- Unit of Child and Adolescent NeuroPsychiatry & Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Neurogenetics, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Zuccato
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio M Persico
- Interdepartmental Program "Autism 0-90", "Gaetano Martino" University Hospital, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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19
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Castiglioni V, Faedo A, Onorati M, Bocchi VD, Li Z, Iennaco R, Vuono R, Bulfamante GP, Muzio L, Martino G, Sestan N, Barker RA, Cattaneo E. Dynamic and Cell-Specific DACH1 Expression in Human Neocortical and Striatal Development. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:2115-2124. [PMID: 29688344 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DACH1 is the human homolog of the Drosophila dachshund gene, which is involved in the development of the eye, nervous system, and limbs in the fly. Here, we systematically investigate DACH1 expression patterns during human neurodevelopment, from 5 to 21 postconceptional weeks. By immunodetection analysis, we found that DACH1 is highly expressed in the proliferating neuroprogenitors of the developing cortical ventricular and subventricular regions, while it is absent in the more differentiated cortical plate. Single-cell global transcriptional analysis revealed that DACH1 is specifically enriched in neuroepithelial and ventricular radial glia cells of the developing human neocortex. Moreover, we describe a previously unreported DACH1 expression in the human striatum, in particular in the striatal medium spiny neurons. This finding qualifies DACH1 as a new striatal projection neuron marker, together with PPP1R1B, BCL11B, and EBF1. We finally compared DACH1 expression profile in human and mouse forebrain, where we observed spatio-temporal similarities in its expression pattern thus providing a precise developmental description of DACH1 in the 2 mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Castiglioni
- Department of Biosciences, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, University of Milan and INGM, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Faedo
- Department of Biosciences, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, University of Milan and INGM, Milan, Italy.,Cell Biology Unit, Axxam, Bresso-Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Onorati
- Department of Biosciences, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, University of Milan and INGM, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biology, Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vittoria Dickinson Bocchi
- Department of Biosciences, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, University of Milan and INGM, Milan, Italy
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Raffaele Iennaco
- Department of Biosciences, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, University of Milan and INGM, Milan, Italy
| | - Romina Vuono
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gaetano P Bulfamante
- Unit of Human Pathology and Developmental Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Muzio
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nenad Sestan
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Genetics, of Psychiatry and of Comparative Medicine, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Roger A Barker
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Biosciences, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, University of Milan and INGM, Milan, Italy
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20
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Besusso D, Schellino R, Boido M, Belloli S, Parolisi R, Conforti P, Faedo A, Cernigoj M, Campus I, Laporta A, Bocchi VD, Murtaj V, Parmar M, Spaiardi P, Talpo F, Maniezzi C, Toselli MG, Biella G, Moresco RM, Vercelli A, Buffo A, Cattaneo E. Stem Cell-Derived Human Striatal Progenitors Innervate Striatal Targets and Alleviate Sensorimotor Deficit in a Rat Model of Huntington Disease. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:876-891. [PMID: 32302555 PMCID: PMC7220987 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is an inherited late-onset neurological disorder characterized by progressive neuronal loss and disruption of cortical and basal ganglia circuits. Cell replacement using human embryonic stem cells may offer the opportunity to repair the damaged circuits and significantly ameliorate disease conditions. Here, we showed that in-vitro-differentiated human striatal progenitors undergo maturation and integrate into host circuits upon intra-striatal transplantation in a rat model of HD. By combining graft-specific immunohistochemistry, rabies virus-mediated synaptic tracing, and ex vivo electrophysiology, we showed that grafts can extend projections to the appropriate target structures, including the globus pallidus, the subthalamic nucleus, and the substantia nigra, and receive synaptic contact from both host and graft cells with 6.6 ± 1.6 inputs cell per transplanted neuron. We have also shown that transplants elicited a significant improvement in sensory-motor tasks up to 2 months post-transplant further supporting the therapeutic potential of this approach. hESC-derived striatal progenitors give rise to MSNs in a neurotoxin model of HD Donor transplants extend projections to appropriate striatal target regions Grafted cells establish synaptic contact with both donor and resident cells Transplanted animals show improvements in HD-related sensorimotor responses
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Besusso
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20133 Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, 20122 Italy.
| | - Roberta Schellino
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin 10124, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043 Italy
| | - Marina Boido
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin 10124, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043 Italy
| | - Sara Belloli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology of CNR, Segrate, Milan, 20090 Italy; PET and Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Roberta Parolisi
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin 10124, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043 Italy
| | - Paola Conforti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20133 Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, 20122 Italy
| | - Andrea Faedo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20133 Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, 20122 Italy
| | - Manuel Cernigoj
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20133 Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, 20122 Italy
| | - Ilaria Campus
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20133 Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, 20122 Italy
| | - Angela Laporta
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20133 Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, 20122 Italy
| | - Vittoria Dickinson Bocchi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20133 Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, 20122 Italy
| | - Valentina Murtaj
- PET and Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy; PhD Program in Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza MB, 20900 Italy
| | - Malin Parmar
- Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Paolo Spaiardi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100 Italy
| | - Francesca Talpo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100 Italy
| | - Claudia Maniezzi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100 Italy
| | | | - Gerardo Biella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100 Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology of CNR, Segrate, Milan, 20090 Italy; PET and Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza MB, 20900 Italy
| | - Alessandro Vercelli
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin 10124, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043 Italy
| | - Annalisa Buffo
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin 10124, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043 Italy.
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20133 Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, 20122 Italy.
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21
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Thiruvalluvan A, de Mattos EP, Brunsting JF, Bakels R, Serlidaki D, Barazzuol L, Conforti P, Fatima A, Koyuncu S, Cattaneo E, Vilchez D, Bergink S, Boddeke EHWG, Copray S, Kampinga HH. DNAJB6, a Key Factor in Neuronal Sensitivity to Amyloidogenesis. Mol Cell 2020; 78:346-358.e9. [PMID: 32268123 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
CAG-repeat expansions in at least eight different genes cause neurodegeneration. The length of the extended polyglutamine stretches in the corresponding proteins is proportionally related to their aggregation propensity. Although these proteins are ubiquitously expressed, they predominantly cause toxicity to neurons. To understand this neuronal hypersensitivity, we generated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 and Huntington's disease patients. iPSC generation and neuronal differentiation are unaffected by polyglutamine proteins and show no spontaneous aggregate formation. However, upon glutamate treatment, aggregates form in neurons but not in patient-derived neural progenitors. During differentiation, the chaperone network is drastically rewired, including loss of expression of the anti-amyloidogenic chaperone DNAJB6. Upregulation of DNAJB6 in neurons antagonizes glutamate-induced aggregation, while knockdown of DNAJB6 in progenitors results in spontaneous polyglutamine aggregation. Loss of DNAJB6 expression upon differentiation is confirmed in vivo, explaining why stem cells are intrinsically protected against amyloidogenesis and protein aggregates are dominantly present in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Thiruvalluvan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eduardo P de Mattos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeanette F Brunsting
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rob Bakels
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Despina Serlidaki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lara Barazzuol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paola Conforti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Azra Fatima
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Seda Koyuncu
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan, Italy
| | - David Vilchez
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Steven Bergink
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik H W G Boddeke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sjef Copray
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harm H Kampinga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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22
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Passoni A, Favagrossa M, Colombo L, Bagnati R, Gobbi M, Diomede L, Birolini G, Di Paolo E, Valenza M, Cattaneo E, Salmona M. Efficacy of Cholesterol Nose-to-Brain Delivery for Brain Targeting in Huntington's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:367-372. [PMID: 31860272 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The current pharmacological treatment of Huntington's disease (HD) is palliative, and therapies to restore functions in patients are needed. One of the pathways affected in HD involves brain cholesterol (Chol) synthesis, which is essential for optimal synaptic transmission. Recently, it was reported that in a HD mouse model, the delivery of exogenous Chol to the brain with brain-permeable nanoparticles protected animals from cognitive decline and rescued synaptic communication, indicating Chol as a therapeutic candidate. We examined whether nose-to-brain delivery, already used in human therapy, could be an alternative, noninvasive strategy to deliver Chol to the adult brain and, in the future, replenish Chol in the HD brain. We gave wild-type (WT) mice a single intranasal (IN) dose of liposomes loaded with deuterium-labeled cholesterol (Chol-D6, to distinguish and quantify the exogenous cholesterol from the native one) (200 μg Chol-D6/dose). After different intervals, Chol-D6 levels, determined by LC-MS in plasma, striatum, cortex, and cerebellum, reached a steady-state concentration of 0.400 ng/mg between 24 and 72 h. A subsequent acute study confirmed the kinetic profiles of Chol-D6 in all tissues, indicating correspondence between the dose (two doses of 200 μg Chol-D6/dose) and the calculated brain area concentration (0.660 ng/mg). Finally, in WT mice given repeated IN doses, the average Chol-D6 level after 24 h was about 1.5 ng/mg in all brain areas. Our data indicate the effectiveness of IN Chol-loaded liposomes to deliver Chol in different brain regions, opening the way to future investigations in HD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Passoni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Favagrossa
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Colombo
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Renzo Bagnati
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Diomede
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Birolini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,″ via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Di Paolo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,″ via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Valenza
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,″ via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,″ via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Salmona
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
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23
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Ionio C, Smorti M, Mascheroni E, Ongaro G, Cattaneo E, Gemignani A, Von Wunster S, Bonassi L. What is the role played by pregnancy in the construction of a woman's identity and her association with her child-to-be? J Reprod Infant Psychol 2019; 39:250-262. [PMID: 31752506 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2019.1695042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The present work aimed to evaluate: (a) the psychometric properties of the Centrality of Event Scale in Italian primiparous and multiparous women; (b) individual differences in those demographic variables that influence change in women's identity and the maternal role acquisition during pregnancy; (c) the association between the extent to which pregnancy has an impact on woman's life story and identity and prenatal attachment; (c) how the centrality of the pregnancy event is related to the experience of PTSD during pregnancy.Background: Pregnancy is a crucial phase in women's life that involves many changes for a woman's role and identity.Methods 319 pregnant women were assessd during the third trimester of pregnancy.Results: Exploratory Factor Analyses confirmed a one-factor solution of the CES. Moreover, the perception of pregnancy as central in women's lives is significantly related to prenatal attachment. Finally, the perception of pregnancy as central in women's lives is positively correlated to PTSD symptoms.Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence on the validity of the scale with pregnant women samples, which may contribute for a better understanding of the impact of pregnancy on women's identity and life story, as well as the underlying psychological challenges related to pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ionio
- CRIdee, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università Cattolica, Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Martina Smorti
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, and Critical Care Medicine University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mascheroni
- CRIdee, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università Cattolica, Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Ongaro
- Department of Mental Health, ASST Bergamo-Est, Seriate, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Mental Health, ASST Bergamo-Est, Seriate, Italy
| | - Angelo Gemignani
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, and Critical Care Medicine University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Bonassi
- Department of Mental Health, ASST Bergamo-Est, Seriate, Italy
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24
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López-Tobón A, Villa CE, Cheroni C, Trattaro S, Caporale N, Conforti P, Iennaco R, Lachgar M, Rigoli MT, Marcó de la Cruz B, Lo Riso P, Tenderini E, Troglio F, De Simone M, Liste-Noya I, Macino G, Pagani M, Cattaneo E, Testa G. Human Cortical Organoids Expose a Differential Function of GSK3 on Cortical Neurogenesis. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:847-861. [PMID: 31607568 PMCID: PMC6893153 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of the proliferation and polarity of neural progenitors is crucial for the development of the brain cortex. Animal studies have implicated glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) as a pivotal regulator of both proliferation and polarity, yet the functional relevance of its signaling for the unique features of human corticogenesis remains to be elucidated. We harnessed human cortical brain organoids to probe the longitudinal impact of GSK3 inhibition through multiple developmental stages. Chronic GSK3 inhibition increased the proliferation of neural progenitors and caused massive derangement of cortical tissue architecture. Single-cell transcriptome profiling revealed a direct impact on early neurogenesis and uncovered a selective role of GSK3 in the regulation of glutamatergic lineages and outer radial glia output. Our dissection of the GSK3-dependent transcriptional network in human corticogenesis underscores the robustness of the programs determining neuronal identity independent of tissue architecture. Cortical organoids recapitulate stereotypical neurogenic trajectories GSK3 inhibition disrupts neuroepithelium polarity and cortical tissue organization GSK3 activity controls oRG production and neurogenesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro López-Tobón
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Emanuele Villa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Cheroni
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Trattaro
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolò Caporale
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Conforti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Raffaele Iennaco
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Maria Lachgar
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Tullio Rigoli
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Berta Marcó de la Cruz
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Lo Riso
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Tenderini
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Flavia Troglio
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco De Simone
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan 20122, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabel Liste-Noya
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Macino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Pagani
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan 20122, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Testa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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25
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Mascheroni E, Faccio F, Bonassi L, Ionio C, Peccatori FA, Pisoni C, Cassani C, Ongaro G, Cattaneo E, Nastasi G, Pravettoni G. Exploring differences in psychological aspects during pregnancy between cancer survivors and women without a history of cancer. Support Care Cancer 2019; 28:2255-2263. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-019-05048-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Giorgio E, Lorenzati M, Rivetti di Val Cervo P, Brussino A, Cernigoj M, Della Sala E, Bartoletti Stella A, Ferrero M, Caiazzo M, Capellari S, Cortelli P, Conti L, Cattaneo E, Buffo A, Brusco A. Allele-specific silencing as treatment for gene duplication disorders: proof-of-principle in autosomal dominant leukodystrophy. Brain 2019; 142:1905-1920. [PMID: 31143934 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Allele-specific silencing by RNA interference (ASP-siRNA) holds promise as a therapeutic strategy for downregulating a single mutant allele with minimal suppression of the corresponding wild-type allele. This approach has been effectively used to target autosomal dominant mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms linked with aberrantly expanded trinucleotide repeats. Here, we propose ASP-siRNA as a preferable choice to target duplicated disease genes, avoiding potentially harmful excessive downregulation. As a proof-of-concept, we studied autosomal dominant adult-onset demyelinating leukodystrophy (ADLD) due to lamin B1 (LMNB1) duplication, a hereditary, progressive and fatal disorder affecting myelin in the CNS. Using a reporter system, we screened the most efficient ASP-siRNAs preferentially targeting one of the alleles at rs1051644 (average minor allele frequency: 0.45) located in the 3' untranslated region of the gene. We identified four siRNAs with a high efficacy and allele-specificity, which were tested in ADLD patient-derived fibroblasts. Three of the small interfering RNAs were highly selective for the target allele and restored both LMNB1 mRNA and protein levels close to control levels. Furthermore, small interfering RNA treatment abrogates the ADLD-specific phenotypes in fibroblasts and in two disease-relevant cellular models: murine oligodendrocytes overexpressing human LMNB1, and neurons directly reprogrammed from patients' fibroblasts. In conclusion, we demonstrated that ASP-silencing by RNA interference is a suitable and promising therapeutic option for ADLD. Moreover, our results have a broad translational value extending to several pathological conditions linked to gene-gain in copy number variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Giorgio
- University of Torino, Department of Medical Sciences, Torino, Italy
| | - Martina Lorenzati
- University of Torino, Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Pia Rivetti di Val Cervo
- University of Milan, Department of Biosciences, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Manuel Cernigoj
- University of Milan, Department of Biosciences, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Marta Ferrero
- University of Torino, Department of Medical Sciences, Torino, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Caiazzo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Sabina Capellari
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
- University of Bologna, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pietro Cortelli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
- University of Bologna, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciano Conti
- University of Trento, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), Laboratory of Computational Oncology, Trento, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- University of Milan, Department of Biosciences, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Milan, Italy
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM) Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Annalisa Buffo
- University of Torino, Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- University of Torino, Department of Medical Sciences, Torino, Italy
- Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Medical Genetics Unit, Torino, Italy
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27
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Faccio F, Ionio C, Mascheroni E, Peccatori F, Ongaro G, Cattaneo E, Pisoni C, von Wunster S, Nastasi G, Pravettoni G, Beretta GD, Bonassi L. Risk factors in pregnant women with an oncological diagnosis and their impact in the post-partum period. J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e23166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e23166 Background: An oncological diagnosis during pregnancy, or the choice of motherhood following cancer may be accompanied by anxiety, distress and depression. The aim of the study is to explore the possible risk factors in the perinatal period in women who experienced an oncological diagnosis before or during pregnancy. Methods: 32 pregnant women (25 breast, 3 cervix, 1 lung, 1 Hodgkin's lymphoma, 1 perivascular epithelial cell neoplasia, 1 epatic PEComa) were assessed during their 3rd trimester (T1) and three months’ post-partum (T2). At T1 mood states and post-traumatic symptoms were evaluated, at T2 parenting stress and perceived quality of life (QoL). Results: Depression, anger and anxiety correlated with lower physical and psychological QoL in the post-partum. Moreover, mothers who expressed higher levels of fatigue and confusion during pregnancy are associated to lower levels of perceived psychological QoL. Women who manifested hypervigilance and hyperarousal during pregnancy were more likely to perceive lower psychological QoL three months after birth. Finally, post-traumatic symptoms of intrusiveness during pregnancy correlated with higher levels of parenting stress and higher risk of dysfunctional parenting, together with a stronger perception of having a child with a difficult temperament in the post-partum period. Conclusions: Mood states and post-traumatic symptoms can decrease the mother’s quality of life and heighten parental distress. These preliminary results suggest implementing psychological support for women with current or previous oncological diagnosis during pregnancy in order to prevent the onset of dysfunctional parenting and/or problem behaviours in their children. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Faccio
- Istituto Europeo di Oncologia Irccs, Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Ionio
- CRIDEE, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mascheroni
- CRIDEE, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Ongaro
- ASST Bergamo Est, Dipartimento di Salute Mentale, U.O. Oncologia, Seriate, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- ASST Bergamo Est, Dipartimento di Salute Mentale, U.O. Oncologia, Seriate, Italy
| | - Camilla Pisoni
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, NICU, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia von Wunster
- ASST Bergamo Est, Dipartimento Materno Infantile, U.O. Ginecologia e Ostetricia, Seriate, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nastasi
- ASST Bergamo Est, Dipartimento Medico U.O. Oncologia, Seriate, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pravettoni
- Istituto Europeo di Oncologia Irccs, Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Bonassi
- ASST Bergamo Est, Dipartimento di Salute Mentale, U.O. Oncologia, Seriate, Italy
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28
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Vezzoli E, Caron I, Talpo F, Besusso D, Conforti P, Battaglia E, Sogne E, Falqui A, Petricca L, Verani M, Martufi P, Caricasole A, Bresciani A, Cecchetti O, Rivetti di Val Cervo P, Sancini G, Riess O, Nguyen H, Seipold L, Saftig P, Biella G, Cattaneo E, Zuccato C. Inhibiting pathologically active ADAM10 rescues synaptic and cognitive decline in Huntington's disease. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2390-2403. [PMID: 31063986 DOI: 10.1172/jci120616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A disintegrine and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) is implicated in synaptic function through its interaction with postsynaptic receptors and adhesion molecules. Here, we report that levels of active ADAM10 are increased in Huntington's disease (HD) mouse cortices and striata and in human postmortem caudate. We show that, in the presence of polyglutamine-expanded (polyQ-expanded) huntingtin (HTT), ADAM10 accumulates at the postsynaptic densities (PSDs) and causes excessive cleavage of the synaptic protein N-cadherin (N-CAD). This aberrant phenotype is also detected in neurons from HD patients where it can be reverted by selective silencing of mutant HTT. Consistently, ex vivo delivery of an ADAM10 synthetic inhibitor reduces N-CAD proteolysis and corrects electrophysiological alterations in striatal medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs) of 2 HD mouse models. Moreover, we show that heterozygous conditional deletion of ADAM10 or delivery of a competitive TAT-Pro-ADAM10709-729 peptide in R6/2 mice prevents N-CAD proteolysis and ameliorates cognitive deficits in the mice. Reduction in synapse loss was also found in R6/2 mice conditionally deleted for ADAM10. Taken together, these results point to a detrimental role of hyperactive ADAM10 at the HD synapse and provide preclinical evidence of the therapeutic potential of ADAM10 inhibition in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Vezzoli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Caron
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Talpo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Dario Besusso
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Conforti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Battaglia
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Sogne
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE) Division, NABLA Lab, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrea Falqui
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE) Division, NABLA Lab, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pia Rivetti di Val Cervo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Sancini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Nanomedicine Center, Neuroscience Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hoa Nguyen
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Seipold
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Paul Saftig
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gerardo Biella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Zuccato
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Milan, Italy
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29
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Feemster JC, Jung J, Timm PC, Westerland SM, Gossard T, Teigen L, Cattaneo E, Imlach C, McCarter SJ, Smith KL, Boeve BF, Silber MH, St. Louis EK. 0650 Normative EMG Values and Isolated Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Without Atonia Frequency in Adults without REM Sleep Behavior Disorder. Sleep 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz067.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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30
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Riccardi N, Giannini B, Borghesi ML, Taramasso L, Cattaneo E, Cenderello G, Toscanini F, Giacomini M, Pontali E, Cassola G, Viscoli C, Di Biagio A. Time to change the single-centre approach to management of patients with tuberculosis: a novel network platform with automatic data import and data sharing. ERJ Open Res 2018; 4:00108-2017. [PMID: 29410957 PMCID: PMC5795190 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00108-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Time to change the single-centre approach to TB http://ow.ly/lCeM30hBcbB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Riccardi
- University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Dept of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Barbara Giannini
- Dept of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Borghesi
- University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Dept of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lucia Taramasso
- University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Dept of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Dept of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Federica Toscanini
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacomini
- Dept of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Infectious Diseases, Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy.,Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Healthropy, Savona, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudio Viscoli
- University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Dept of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Biagio
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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Lee JK, Ding Y, Conrad AL, Cattaneo E, Epping E, Mathews K, Gonzalez-Alegre P, Cahill L, Magnotta V, Schlaggar BL, Perlmutter JS, Kim REY, Dawson JD, Nopoulos P. Sex-specific effects of the Huntington gene on normal neurodevelopment. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:398-408. [PMID: 27870408 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Huntington disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a gene (HTT) with a unique feature of trinucleotide repeats ranging from 10 to 35 in healthy people; when expanded beyond 39 repeats, Huntington disease develops. Animal models demonstrate that HTT is vital to brain development; however, this has not been studied in humans. Moreover, evidence suggests that triplet repeat genes may have been vital in evolution of the human brain. Here we evaluate brain structure using magnetic resonance imaging and brain function using cognitive tests in a sample of school-aged children ages 6 to 18 years old. DNA samples were processed to quantify the number of CAG repeats within HTT. We find that the number of repeats in HTT, below disease threshold, confers advantageous changes in brain structure and general intelligence (IQ): the higher the number of repeats, the greater the change in brain structure, and the higher the IQ. The pattern of structural brain changes associated with HTT is strikingly different between males and females. HTT may confer an advantage or a disadvantage depending on the repeat length, playing a key role in either the evolution of a superior human brain or development of a uniquely human brain disease. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Yue Ding
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Amy L Conrad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eric Epping
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kathy Mathews
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Pedro Gonzalez-Alegre
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Larry Cahill
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Vincent Magnotta
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Bradley L Schlaggar
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Joel S Perlmutter
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Regina E Y Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jeffrey D Dawson
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Peg Nopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
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Rob D, Špunda R, Lindner J, Šmalcová J, Šmíd O, Kovárník T, Linhart A, Bìlohlávek J, Marinoni MM, Cianchi G, Trapani S, Migliaccio ML, Gucci L, Bonizzoli M, Cramaro A, Cozzolino M, Valente S, Peris A, Grins E, Kort E, Weiland M, Shresta NM, Davidson P, Algotsson L, Fitch S, Marco G, Sturgill J, Lee S, Dickinson M, Boeve T, Khaghani A, Wilton P, Jovinge S, Ahmad AN, Loveridge R, Vlachos S, Patel S, Gelandt E, Morgan L, Butt S, Whitehorne M, Kakar V, Park C, Hayes M, Willars C, Hurst T, Best T, Vercueil A, Auzinger G, Adibelli B, Akovali N, Torgay A, Zeyneloglu P, Pirat A, Kayhan Z, Schmidbauer SS, Herlitz J, Karlsson T, Friberg H, Knafelj R, Radsel P, Duprez F, Bonus T, Cuvelier G, Mashayekhi S, Maka M, Ollieuz S, Reychler G, Mosaddegh R, Abbasi S, Talaee S, Zotzmann VZ, Staudacher DS, Wengenmayer TW, Dürschmied DD, Bode CB, Nelskylä A, Nurmi J, Jousi M, Schramko A, Mervaala E, Ristagno G, Skrifvars M, Ozsoy G, Kendirli T, Azapagasi E, Perk O, Gadirova U, Ozcinar E, Cakici M, Baran C, Durdu S, Uysalel A, Dogan M, Ramoglu M, Ucar T, Tutar E, Atalay S, Akar R, Kamps M, Leeuwerink G, Hofmeijer J, Hoiting O, Van der Hoeven J, Hoedemaekers C, Konkayev A, Kuklin V, Kondratyev T, Konkayeva M, Akhatov N, Sovershaev M, Tveita T, Dahl V, Wihersaari L, Skrifvars MB, Bendel S, Kaukonen KM, Vaahersalo J, Romppanen J, Pettilä V, Reinikainen M, Lybeck A, Cronberg T, Nielsen N, Friberg H, Rauber M, Steblovnik K, Jazbec A, Noc M, Kalasbail P, Garrett F, Kulstad E, Bergström DJ, Olsson HR, Schmidbauer S, Friberg H, Mandel I, Mikheev S, Podoxenov Y, Suhodolo I, Podoxenov A, Svirko J, Sementsov A, Maslov L, Shipulin V, Vammen LV, Rahbek SR, Secher NS, Povlsen JP, Jessen NJ, Løfgren BL, Granfeldt AG, Grossestreuer A, Perman S, Patel P, Ganley S, Portmann J, Cocchi M, Donnino M, Nassar Y, Fathy S, Gaber A, Mokhtar S, Chia YC, Lewis-Cuthbertson R, Mustafa K, Sabra A, Evans A, Bennett P, Eertmans W, Genbrugge C, Boer W, Dens J, De Deyne C, Jans F, Skorko A, Thomas M, Casadio M, Coppo A, Vargiolu A, Villa J, Rota M, Avalli L, Citerio G, Moon JB, Cho JH, Park CW, Ohk TG, Shin MC, Won MH, Papamichalis P, Zisopoulou V, Dardiotis E, Karagiannis S, Papadopoulos D, Zafeiridis T, Babalis D, Skoura A, Staikos I, Komnos A, Passos SS, Maeda F, Souza LS, Filho AA, Granjeia TAG, Schweller M, Franci D, De Carvalho Filho M, Santos TM, De Azevedo P, Wall R, Welters I, Tansuwannarat P, Sanguanwit P, Langer T, Carbonara M, Caccioppola A, Fusarini CF, Carlesso E, Paradiso E, Battistini M, Cattaneo E, Zadek F, Maiavacca R, Stocchetti N, Pesenti A, Ramos A, Acharta F, Toledo J, Perezlindo M, Lovesio L, Dogliotti A, Lovesio C, Schroten N, Van der Veen B, De Vries MC, Veenstra J, Abulhasan YB, Rachel S, Châtillon-Angle M, Alabdulraheem N, Schiller I, Dendukuri N, Angle M, Frenette C, Lahiri S, Schlick K, Mayer SA, Lyden P, Akatsuka M, Arakawa J, Yamakage M, Rubio J, Mateo-Sidron JAR, Sierra R, Celaya M, Benitez L, Alvarez-Ossorio S, Rubio J, Mateo-Sidron JAR, Sierra R, Fernandez A, Gonzalez O, Engquist H, Rostami E, Enblad P, Toledo J, Ramos A, Acharta F, Canullo L, Nallino J, Dogliotti A, Lovesio C, Perreault M, Talic J, Frenette AJ, Burry L, Bernard F, Williamson DR, Adukauskiene D, Cyziute J, Adukauskaite A, Malciene L, Luca L, Rogobete A, Bedreag O, Papurica M, Sarandan M, Cradigati C, Popovici S, Vernic C, Sandesc D, Avakov V, Shakhova I, Trimmel H, Majdan M, Herzer GH, Sokoloff CS, Albert M, Williamson D, Odier C, Giguère J, Charbonney E, Bernard F, Husti Z, Kaptás T, Fülep Z, Gaál Z, Tusa M, Donnelly J, Aries M, Czosnyka M, Robba C, Liu M, Ercole A, Menon D, Hutchinson P, Smielewski P, López R, Graf J, Montes JM, Kenawi M, Kandil A, Husein K, Samir A, Heijneman J, Huijben J, Abid-Ali F, Stolk M, Van Bommel J, Lingsma H, Van der Jagt M, Cihlar RC, Mancino G, Bertini P, Forfori F, Guarracino F, Pavelescu D, Grintescu I, Mirea L, Alamri S, Tharwat M, Kono N, Okamoto H, Uchino H, Ikegami T, Fukuoka T, Simoes M, Trigo E, Coutinho P, Pimentel J, Franci A, Basagni D, Boddi M, Cozzolino M, Anichini V, Cecchi A, Peris A, Markopoulou D, Venetsanou K, Papanikolaou I, Barkouri T, Chroni D, Alamanos I, Cingolani E, Bocci MG, Pisapia L, Tersali A, Cutuli SL, Fiore V, Palma A, Nardi G, Antonelli M, Coke R, Kwong A, Dwivedi DJ, Xu M, McDonald E, Marshall JC, Fox-Robichaud AE, Charbonney E, Liaw PC, Kuchynska I, Malysh IR, Zgrzheblovska LV, Mestdagh L, Verhoeven EF, Hubloue I, Ruel-laliberte J, Zarychanski R, Lauzier F, Bonaventure PL, Green R, Griesdale D, Fowler R, Kramer A, Zygun D, Walsh T, Stanworth S, Léger C, Turgeon AF, Baron DM, Baron-Stefaniak J, Leitner GC, Ullrich R, Tarabrin O, Mazurenko A, Potapchuk Y, Sazhyn D, Tarabrin P, Tarabrin O, Mazurenko A, Potapchuk Y, Sazhyn D, Tarabrin P, Pérez AG, Silva J, Artemenko V, Bugaev A, Tokar I, Konashevskaya S, Kolesnikova IM, Roitman EV, Kiss TR, Máthé Z, Piros L, Dinya E, Tihanyi E, Smudla A, Fazakas J, Ubbink R, Boekhorst te P, Mik E, Caneva L, Ticozzelli G, Pirrelli S, Passador D, Riccardi F, Ferrari F, Roldi EM, Di Matteo M, Bianchi I, Iotti GA, Zurauskaite G, Voegeli A, Meier M, Koch D, Haubitz S, Kutz A, Bargetzi M, Mueller B, Schuetz P, Von Meijenfeldt G, Van der Laan M, Zeebregts C, Christopher KB, Vernikos P, Melissopoulou T, Kanellopoulou G, Panoutsopoulou M, Xanthis D, Kolovou K, Kypraiou T, Floros J, Broady H, Pritchett C, Marshman M, Jannaway N, Ralph C, Lehane CL, Keyl CK, Zimmer EZ, Trenk DT, Ducloy-Bouthors AS, Jonard MJ, Fourrier F, Piza F, Correa T, Marra A, Guerra J, Rodrigues R, Vilarinho A, Aranda V, Shiramizo S, Lima MR, Kallas E, Cavalcanti AB, Donoso M, Vargas P, Graf J, McCartney J, Ramsay S, McDowall K, Novitzky-Basso I, Wright C, Medic MG, Bielen L, Radonic V, Zlopasa O, Vrdoljak NG, Gasparovic V, Radonic R, Narváez G, Cabestrero D, Rey L, Aroca M, Gallego S, Higuera J, De Pablo R, González LR, Chávez GN, Lucas JH, Alonso DC, Ruiz MA, Valarezo LJ, De Pablo Sánchez R, Real AQ, Wigmore TW, Bendavid I, Cohen J, Avisar I, Serov I, Kagan I, Singer P, Hanison J, Mirza U, Conway D, Takasu A, Tanaka H, Otani N, Ohde S, Ishimatsu S, Coffey F, Dissmann P, Mirza K, Lomax M, Dissmann P, Coffey F, Mirza K, Lomax M, Miner JR, Leto R, Markota AM, Gradišek PG, Aleksejev VA, Sinkovič AS, Romagnoli S, Chelazzi C, Zagli G, Benvenuti F, Mancinelli P, Boninsegni P, Paparella L, Bos AT, Thomas O, Goslar T, Knafelj R, Perreault M, Martone A, Sandu PR, Rosu VA, Capilnean A, Murgoi P, Frenette AJ, Lecavalier A, Jayaraman D, Rico P, Bellemare P, Gelinas C, Williamson D, Nishida T, Kinoshita T, Iwata N, Yamakawa K, Fujimi S, Maggi L, Sposato F, Citterio G, Bonarrigo C, Rocco M, Zani V, De Blasi RA, Alcorn D, Barry L, Riedijk MA, Milstein DM, Caldas J, Panerai R, Camara L, Ferreira G, Bor-Seng-Shu E, Lima M, Galas F, Mian N, Nogueira R, de Oliveira GQ, Almeida J, Jardim J, Robinson TG, Gaioto F, Hajjar LA, Zabolotskikh I, Musaeva T, Saasouh W, Freeman J, Turan A, Saseedharan S, Pathrose E, Poojary S, Messika J, Martin Y, Maquigneau N, Henry-Lagarrigue M, Puechberty C, Stoclin A, Martin-Lefevre L, Blot F, Dreyfuss D, Dechanet A, Hajage D, Ricard J, Almeida E, Almeida J, Landoni G, Galas F, Fukushima J, Fominskiy E, De Brito C, Cavichio L, Almeida L, Ribeiro U, Osawa E, Boltes R, Battistella L, Hajjar L, Fontela P, Lisboa T, Junior LF, Friedman GF, Abruzzi F, Primo JAP, Filho PM, de Andrade JS, Brenner KM, boeira MS, Leães C, Rodrigues C, Vessozi A, Machado AS, Weiler M, Bryce H, Hudson A, Law T, Reece-Anthony R, Molokhia A, Abtahinezhadmoghaddam F, Cumber E, Channon L, Wong A, Groome R, Gearon D, Varley J, Wilson A, Reading J, Wong A, Zampieri FG, Bozza FA, Ferez M, Fernandes H, Japiassú A, Verdeal J, Carvalho AC, Knibel M, Salluh JI, Soares M, Gao J, Ahmadnia E, Patel B, McCartney J, MacKay A, Binning S, Wright C, Pugh RJ, Battle C, Hancock C, Harrison W, Szakmany T, Mulders F, Vandenbrande J, Dubois J, Stessel B, Siborgs K, Ramaekers D, Soares M, Silva UV, Homena WS, Fernandes GC, Moraes AP, Brauer L, Lima MF, De Marco F, Bozza FA, Salluh JI, Maric N, Mackovic M, Udiljak N, Bosso CE, Caetano RD, Cardoso AP, Souza OA, Pena R, Mescolotte MM, Souza IA, Mescolotte GM, Bangalore H, Borrows E, Barnes D, Ferreira V, Azevedo L, Alencar G, Andrade A, Bierrenbach A, Buoninsegni LT, Bonizzoli M, Cecci L, Cozzolino M, Peris A, Lindskog J, Rowland K, Sturgess P, Ankuli A, Molokhia A, Rosa R, Tonietto T, Ascoli A, Madeira L, Rutzen W, Falavigna M, Robinson C, Salluh J, Cavalcanti A, Azevedo L, Cremonese R, Da Silva D, Dornelles A, Skrobik Y, Teles J, Ribeiro T, Eugênio C, Teixeira C, Zarei M, Hashemizadeh H, Eriksson M, Strandberg G, Lipcsey M, Larsson A, Lignos M, Crissanthopoulou E, Flevari K, Dimopoulos P, Armaganidis A, Golub JG, Markota AM, Stožer AS, Sinkovič AS, Rüddel H, Ehrlich C, Burghold CM, Hohenstein C, Winning J, Sellami W, Hajjej Z, Bousselmi M, Gharsallah H, Labbene I, Ferjani M, Sattler J, Steinbrunner D, Poppert H, Schneider G, Blobner M, Kanz KG, Schaller SJ, Apap K, Xuereb G, Xuereb G, Apap K, Massa L, Xuereb G, Apap K, Massa L, Delvau N, Penaloza A, Liistro G, Thys F, Delattre IK, Hantson P, Roy PM, Gianello P, Hadîrcă L, Ghidirimschi A, Catanoi N, Scurtov N, Bagrinovschi M, Sohn YS, Cho YC, Golovin B, Creciun O, Ghidirimschi A, Bagrinovschi M, Tabbara R, Whitgift JZ, Ishimaru A, Yaguchi A, Akiduki N, Namiki M, Takeda M, Tamminen JN, Reinikainen M, Uusaro A, Taylor CG, Mills ED, Mackay AD, Ponzoni C, Rabello R, Serpa A, Assunção M, Pardini A, Shettino G, Corrêa T, Vidal-Cortés PV, Álvarez-Rocha L, Fernández-Ugidos P, Virgós-Pedreira A, Pérez-Veloso MA, Suárez-Paul IM, Del Río-Carbajo L, Fernández SP, Castro-Iglesias A, Butt A, Alghabban AA, Khurshid SK, Ali ZA, Nizami IN, Salahuddin NS, Alshahrani M, Alsubaie AW, Alshamsy AS, Alkhiliwi BA, Alshammari HK, Alshammari MB, Telmesani NK, Alshammari RB, Asonto LP, Zampieri FG, Damiani LP, Bozza F, Salluh JI, Cavalcanti AB, El Khattate A, Bizrane M, Madani N, Belayachi J, Abouqal R, Ramnarain D, Gouw-Donders B, Benstoem C, Moza A, Meybohm P, Stoppe C, Autschbach R, Devane D, Goetzenich A, Taniguchi LU, Araujo L, Salgado G, Vieira JM, Viana J, Ziviani N, Pessach I, Lipsky A, Nimrod A, O´Connor M, Matot I, Segal E, Kluzik A, Gradys A, Smuszkiewicz P, Trojanowska I, Cybulski M, De Jong A, Sebbane M, Chanques G, Jaber S, Rosa R, Robinson C, Bessel M, Cavalheiro L, Madeira L, Rutzen W, Oliveira R, Maccari J, Falavigna M, Sanchez E, Dutra F, Dietrich C, Balzano P, Rezende J, Teixeira C, Sinha S, Majhi K, Gorlicki JG, Pousset FP, Kelly J, Aron J, Gilbert AC, Urankar NP, Knafelj R, Irazabal M, Bosque M, Manciño J, Kotsopoulos A, Jansen N, Abdo W, Casey ÚM, O’Brien B, Plant R, Doyle B. 37th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine (part 2 of 3). Crit Care 2017. [PMCID: PMC5374552 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-017-1630-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Shankaran M, Di Paolo E, Leoni V, Caccia C, Ferrari Bardile C, Mohammed H, Di Donato S, Kwak S, Marchionini D, Turner S, Cattaneo E, Valenza M. Early and brain region-specific decrease of de novo cholesterol biosynthesis in Huntington's disease: A cross-validation study in Q175 knock-in mice. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 98:66-76. [PMID: 27913290 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol precursors and cholesterol levels are reduced in brain regions of Huntington's disease (HD) mice. Here we quantified the rate of in vivo de novo cholesterol biosynthesis in the HD brain. Samples from different brain regions and blood of the heterozygous knock-in mouse model carrying 175 CAG repeats (Q175) at different phenotypic stages were processed independently by two research units to quantify cholesterol synthesis rate by 2H2O labeling and measure the concentrations of lathosterol, cholesterol and its brain-specific cholesterol catabolite 24-hydroxy-cholesterol (24OHC) by isotope dilution mass spectrometry. The daily synthesis rate of cholesterol and the corresponding concentration of lathosterol were significantly reduced in the striatum of heterozygous Q175 mice early in the disease course. We also report that the decrease in lathosterol was inversely correlated with CAG-size at symptomatic stage, as observed in striatal samples from an allelic series of HD mice. There was also a significant correlation between the fractional synthesis rates of total cholesterol and 24OHC in brain of wild-type (WT) and Q175 mice, supporting the evidence that plasma 24OHC may reflect cholesterol synthesis in the adult brain. This comprehensive analysis demonstrates consistent cholesterol biosynthesis defects in HD mouse models and suggests that plasma 24OHC may serve as a biomarker of brain cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleonora Di Paolo
- Department of BioSciences and Centre for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Neurological Institute C. Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Hospital of Varese, 21010 Varese, Italy
| | | | - Costanza Ferrari Bardile
- Department of BioSciences and Centre for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Seung Kwak
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 350 Seventh Ave, Suite 200, New York, NY 10001, USA
| | - Deanna Marchionini
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 350 Seventh Ave, Suite 200, New York, NY 10001, USA
| | | | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of BioSciences and Centre for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Marta Valenza
- Department of BioSciences and Centre for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy.
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Paolo ED, Valenza M, Chen JY, Ruozi B, Belletti D, Cepeda C, Colombo L, Diomede L, Cagnotto A, Salmona M, Levine MS, Tosi G, Cattaneo E. L16 Identifying a therapeutic regimen for cholesterol delivery to huntington’s disease brain. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2016-314597.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Valenza M, Chen JY, Di Paolo E, Ruozi B, Belletti D, Ferrari Bardile C, Leoni V, Caccia C, Brilli E, Di Donato S, Boido MM, Vercelli A, Vandelli MA, Forni F, Cepeda C, Levine MS, Tosi G, Cattaneo E. Cholesterol-loaded nanoparticles ameliorate synaptic and cognitive function in Huntington's disease mice. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 7:1547-64. [PMID: 26589247 PMCID: PMC4693506 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201505413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain cholesterol biosynthesis and cholesterol levels are reduced in mouse models of Huntington's disease (HD), suggesting that locally synthesized, newly formed cholesterol is less available to neurons. This may be detrimental for neuronal function, especially given that locally synthesized cholesterol is implicated in synapse integrity and remodeling. Here, we used biodegradable and biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) modified with glycopeptides (g7) and loaded with cholesterol (g7‐NPs‐Chol), which per se is not blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeable, to obtain high‐rate cholesterol delivery into the brain after intraperitoneal injection in HD mice. We report that g7‐NPs, in contrast to unmodified NPs, efficiently crossed the BBB and localized in glial and neuronal cells in different brain regions. We also found that repeated systemic delivery of g7‐NPs‐Chol rescued synaptic and cognitive dysfunction and partially improved global activity in HD mice. These results demonstrate that cholesterol supplementation to the HD brain reverses functional alterations associated with HD and highlight the potential of this new drug‐administration route to the diseased brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Valenza
- Department of BioSciences, Centre for Stem Cell Research Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jane Y Chen
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Semel Institute for Neuroscience Brain Research Institute David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eleonora Di Paolo
- Department of BioSciences, Centre for Stem Cell Research Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Ruozi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniela Belletti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Costanza Ferrari Bardile
- Department of BioSciences, Centre for Stem Cell Research Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Brilli
- Department of BioSciences, Centre for Stem Cell Research Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marina M Boido
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi Neuroscience Institute of Turin, Orbassano Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vercelli
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi Neuroscience Institute of Turin, Orbassano Turin, Italy
| | - Maria A Vandelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Flavio Forni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Carlos Cepeda
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Semel Institute for Neuroscience Brain Research Institute David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Levine
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Semel Institute for Neuroscience Brain Research Institute David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Giovanni Tosi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of BioSciences, Centre for Stem Cell Research Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Bruno L, Cortese M, Monda G, Gentile M, Calò S, Schiavetti F, Zedda L, Cattaneo E, Piccioli D, Schaefer M, Notomista E, Maione D, Carfì A, Merola M, Uematsu Y. Human cytomegalovirus pUL10 interacts with leukocytes and impairs TCR-mediated T-cell activation. Immunol Cell Biol 2016; 94:849-860. [PMID: 27192938 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is known to exert suppressive effects on the host immune system through expression of various viral genes, thus directly and indirectly affecting antiviral immunity of the infected individuals. We report here that HCMV UL10 encodes a protein (pUL10) with immunosuppressive properties. UL10 has been classified as a member of the HCMV RL11 gene family. Although pUL10 is known to be dispensable for viral replication in cultured cells, its amino-acid sequence is well conserved among different HCMV isolates, suggesting that the protein has a crucial role in viral survival in the host environment. We show that pUL10 is cleaved from the cell surface of fibroblasts as well as epithelial cells and interacts with a cellular receptor ubiquitously expressed on the surface of human leukocytes, demonstrated by ex vivo cell-based assays and flow cytometric analyses on both lymphoid cell lines and primary blood cells. Furthermore, preincubation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with purified pUL10 ectodomain results in significantly impaired proliferation and substantially reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production, in particular in CD4+ T cells upon in vitro T-cell stimulation. The inhibitory effect of pUL10 is also observed on antigen receptor-mediated intracellular tyrosine phosphorylation in a T-cell line. Based on these observations, we suggest that pUL10 is a newly identified immunomodulatory protein encoded by HCMV. Further elucidation of interactions between pUL10 and the host immune system during HCMV may contribute to finding ways towards new therapies for HCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eugenio Notomista
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Marcello Merola
- Research, GSK Vaccines, Siena, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
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Sipione S, Rigamonti D, Valenza M, Zuccato C, Conti L, Pritchard J, Kooperberg C, Olson JM, Cattaneo E. Early transcriptional profiles in huntingtin-inducible striatal cells by microarray analyses. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 25:210. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Schiffer D, Caldera V, Mellai M, Conforti P, Cattaneo E, Zuccato C. Repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) is present in human control and Huntington's disease neurones. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 40:899-910. [PMID: 24634989 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor/neurone-restrictive silencer factor (REST/NRSF) is a master regulator of neuronal gene expression. REST/NRSF functions by recruiting other cofactors to genomic loci that contain the repressor element 1/neurone restrictive silencer element (RE1/NRSE) binding motif. In brain, demonstration of REST protein presence in neurones has remained controversial. However, RE1/NRSE containing neuronal genes are actively modulated and REST dysregulation is implicated in Huntington's disease (HD). We aimed to investigate REST distribution in autopsy brain from control and HD patients. METHODS Brain tissues from six controls and six HD cases (Vonsattel grade 3 and 4) were investigated using immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS REST was present in neurones and glial cells of the cortex, caudate nucleus, hippocampus and cerebellum. REST labelling was mainly cytoplasmic in neurones while preferential nuclear staining of REST was found in glial cells. We also found that REST and huntingtin (HTT) colocalize in human neurones. Low levels of cytoplasmic REST were detected in neurones of the HD cortex and caudate but no direct relationship between decreased neuronal REST expression and disease grade was observed. CONCLUSIONS These data support the notion of REST presence in human brain neurones and glial cells and indicate the importance of developing compounds able to restore REST-regulated transcription of neuronal genes in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Schiffer
- Neuro-Bio-Oncology Research Center, Policlinico di Monza Foundation, Vercelli; Consorzio per le Neuroscienze, University of Pavia, Pavia
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Baronchelli S, La Spada A, Conforti P, Redaelli S, Dalprà L, De Blasio P, Cattaneo E, Biunno I. Investigating DNA Methylation Dynamics and Safety of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation Toward Striatal Neurons. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2366-77. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Baronchelli
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (UOS IRGB-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto La Spada
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (UOS IRGB-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Conforti
- Department of Biosciences, Center for Stem Cell Research, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Redaelli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Leda Dalprà
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Biosciences, Center for Stem Cell Research, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ida Biunno
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (UOS IRGB-CNR), Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
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41
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Barker RA, Studer L, Cattaneo E, Takahashi J. G-Force PD: a global initiative in coordinating stem cell-based dopamine treatments for Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2015; 1:15017. [PMID: 28725685 PMCID: PMC5516551 DOI: 10.1038/npjparkd.2015.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Translating new cell-based therapies to the clinic for patients with neurodegenerative disorders is complex. It involves pre-clinical testing of the cellular product and discussions with several regulatory agencies, as well as ethical debates. In an attempt to support efforts around the world, we set up a global consortium that brings together the major funded teams working on developing a stem cell-derived neural transplantation therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). This consortium, G-Force PD, involves teams from Europe, USA, and Japan, and has already met on two occasions to discuss common problems, solutions, and the roadmap to the clinic. In this short review, we lay out the brief history and rationale for this initiative and discuss some of the issues that arose in our most recent meeting (May 2015) as we consider undertaking first-in-human clinical trials with stem cell-derived neurons for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Barker
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Forvie site, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, and INGM, National Institute of Molecular Genetics 'Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi', Milano, Italy
| | - Jun Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Poletti V, Delli Carri A, Malagoli Tagliazucchi G, Faedo A, Petiti L, Mazza EMC, Peano C, De Bellis G, Bicciato S, Miccio A, Cattaneo E, Mavilio F. Genome-Wide Definition of Promoter and Enhancer Usage during Neural Induction of Human Embryonic Stem Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126590. [PMID: 25978676 PMCID: PMC4433211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide mapping of transcriptional regulatory elements is an essential tool for understanding the molecular events orchestrating self-renewal, commitment and differentiation of stem cells. We combined high-throughput identification of transcription start sites with genome-wide profiling of histones modifications to map active promoters and enhancers in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) induced to neuroepithelial-like stem cells (NESCs). Our analysis showed that most promoters are active in both cell types while approximately half of the enhancers are cell-specific and account for most of the epigenetic changes occurring during neural induction, and most likely for the modulation of the promoters to generate cell-specific gene expression programs. Interestingly, the majority of the promoters activated or up-regulated during neural induction have a “bivalent” histone modification signature in ESCs, suggesting that developmentally-regulated promoters are already poised for transcription in ESCs, which are apparently pre-committed to neuroectodermal differentiation. Overall, our study provides a collection of differentially used enhancers, promoters, transcription starts sites, protein-coding and non-coding RNAs in human ESCs and ESC-derived NESCs, and a broad, genome-wide description of promoter and enhancer usage and of gene expression programs characterizing the transition from a pluripotent to a neural-restricted cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Poletti
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Scientific Institute H. San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Genethon, Evry, France
| | | | | | - Andrea Faedo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Petiti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Clelia Peano
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca De Bellis
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Annarita Miccio
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fulvio Mavilio
- Genethon, Evry, France
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- * E-mail:
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43
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Calcinotto A, Ponzoni M, Ria R, Grioni M, Cattaneo E, Villa I, Sabrina Bertilaccio MT, Chesi M, Rubinacci A, Tonon G, Bergsagel PL, Vacca A, Bellone M. Modifications of the mouse bone marrow microenvironment favor angiogenesis and correlate with disease progression from asymptomatic to symptomatic multiple myeloma. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1008850. [PMID: 26155424 PMCID: PMC4485787 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1008850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While multiple myeloma (MM) is almost invariably preceded by asymptomatic monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and/or smoldering MM (SMM), the alterations of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment that establish progression to symptomatic disease are circumstantial. Here we show that in Vk*MYC mice harboring oncogene-driven plasma cell proliferative disorder, disease appearance associated with substantial modifications of the BM microenvironment, including a progressive accumulation of both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells with a dominant T helper type 1 (Th1) response. Progression from asymptomatic to symptomatic MM was characterized by further BM accrual of T cells with reduced Th1 and persistently increased Th2 cytokine production, which associated with accumulation of CD206+Tie2+ macrophages, and increased pro-angiogenic cytokines and microvessel density (MVD). Notably, MVD was also increased at diagnosis in the BM of MGUS and SMM patients that subsequently progressed to MM when compared with MGUS and SMM that remained quiescent. These findings suggest a multistep pathogenic process in MM, in which the immune system may contribute to angiogenesis and disease progression. They also suggest initiating a large multicenter study to investigate MVD in asymptomatic patients as prognostic factor for the progression and outcome of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Calcinotto
- Cellular Immunology Unit; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute ; Milan, Italy ; Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele ; Milan, Italy
| | - Maurilio Ponzoni
- Pathology and Myeloma Units; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute ; Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Ria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology; Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology Unit; University of Bari Medical School ; Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo Grioni
- Cellular Immunology Unit; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute ; Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Cellular Immunology Unit; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute ; Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Villa
- Bone Metabolic Unit; Division of Cardiovascular Science; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute ; Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marta Chesi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Arizona ; Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Alessandro Rubinacci
- Bone Metabolic Unit; Division of Cardiovascular Science; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute ; Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tonon
- Division of Molecular Oncology; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute ; Milan, Italy
| | - P Leif Bergsagel
- Comprehensive Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Arizona ; Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology; Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology Unit; University of Bari Medical School ; Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo Bellone
- Cellular Immunology Unit; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute ; Milan, Italy
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Sipione S, Rigamonti D, Valenza M, Zuccato C, Conti L, Pritchard J, Kooperberg C, Olson JM, Cattaneo E. Early transcriptional profiles in huntingtin-inducible striatal cells by microarray analyses. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:597. [PMID: 25416283 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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45
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Onorati M, Castiglioni V, Biasci D, Cesana E, Menon R, Vuono R, Talpo F, Laguna Goya R, Lyons PA, Bulfamante GP, Muzio L, Martino G, Toselli M, Farina C, Barker RA, Biella G, Cattaneo E. Molecular and functional definition of the developing human striatum. Nat Neurosci 2014; 17:1804-15. [PMID: 25383901 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of the human brain derives from the intricate interplay of molecular instructions during development. Here we systematically investigated gene expression changes in the prenatal human striatum and cerebral cortex during development from post-conception weeks 2 to 20. We identified tissue-specific gene coexpression networks, differentially expressed genes and a minimal set of bimodal genes, including those encoding transcription factors, that distinguished striatal from neocortical identities. Unexpected differences from mouse striatal development were discovered. We monitored 36 determinants at the protein level, revealing regional domains of expression and their refinement, during striatal development. We electrophysiologically profiled human striatal neurons differentiated in vitro and determined their refined molecular and functional properties. These results provide a resource and opportunity to gain global understanding of how transcriptional and functional processes converge to specify human striatal and neocortical neurons during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Onorati
- Department of Biosciences and Center for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Castiglioni
- Department of Biosciences and Center for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Biasci
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elisabetta Cesana
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ramesh Menon
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Romina Vuono
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesca Talpo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rocio Laguna Goya
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul A Lyons
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gaetano P Bulfamante
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano-San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Muzio
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Toselli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cinthia Farina
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roger A Barker
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gerardo Biella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Biosciences and Center for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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46
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Valenza M, Marullo M, Di Paolo E, Cesana E, Zuccato C, Biella G, Cattaneo E. Disruption of astrocyte-neuron cholesterol cross talk affects neuronal function in Huntington's disease. Cell Death Differ 2014; 22:690-702. [PMID: 25301063 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the adult brain, neurons require local cholesterol production, which is supplied by astrocytes through apoE-containing lipoproteins. In Huntington's disease (HD), such cholesterol biosynthesis in the brain is severely reduced. Here we show that this defect, occurring in astrocytes, is detrimental for HD neurons. Astrocytes bearing the huntingtin protein containing increasing CAG repeats secreted less apoE-lipoprotein-bound cholesterol in the medium. Conditioned media from HD astrocytes and lipoprotein-depleted conditioned media from wild-type (wt) astrocytes were equally detrimental in a neurite outgrowth assay and did not support synaptic activity in HD neurons, compared with conditions of cholesterol supplementation or conditioned media from wt astrocytes. Molecular perturbation of cholesterol biosynthesis and efflux in astrocytes caused similarly altered astrocyte-neuron cross talk, whereas enhancement of glial SREBP2 and ABCA1 function reversed the aspects of neuronal dysfunction in HD. These findings indicate that astrocyte-mediated cholesterol homeostasis could be a potential therapeutic target to ameliorate neuronal dysfunction in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Valenza
- Department of Biosciences and Centre for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - M Marullo
- Department of Biosciences and Centre for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - E Di Paolo
- Department of Biosciences and Centre for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - E Cesana
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - C Zuccato
- Department of Biosciences and Centre for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - G Biella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - E Cattaneo
- Department of Biosciences and Centre for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Kannike K, Sepp M, Zuccato C, Cattaneo E, Timmusk T. Forkhead transcription factor FOXO3a levels are increased in Huntington disease because of overactivated positive autofeedback loop. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:32845-57. [PMID: 25271153 PMCID: PMC4239633 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.612424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a fatal autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by an increased number of CAG repeats in the HTT gene coding for huntingtin. Decreased neurotrophic support and increased mitochondrial and excitotoxic stress have been reported in HD striatal and cortical neurons. The members of the class O forkhead (FOXO) transcription factor family, including FOXO3a, act as sensor proteins that are activated upon decreased survival signals and/or increased cellular stress. Using immunocytochemical screening in mouse striatal Hdh7/7 (wild type), Hdh7/109 (heterozygous for HD mutation), and Hdh109/109 (homozygous for HD mutation) cells, we identified FOXO3a as a differentially regulated transcription factor in HD. We report increased nuclear FOXO3a levels in mutant Hdh cells. Additionally, we show that treatment with mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid results in enhanced nuclear localization of FOXO3a in wild type Hdh7/7 cells and in rat primary cortical neurons. Furthermore, mRNA levels of Foxo3a are increased in mutant Hdh cells compared with wild type cells and in 3-nitropropionic acid-treated primary neurons compared with untreated neurons. A similar increase was observed in the cortex of R6/2 mice and HD patient post-mortem caudate tissue compared with controls. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter assays, we demonstrate that FOXO3a regulates its own transcription by binding to the conserved response element in Foxo3a promoter. Altogether, the findings of this study suggest that FOXO3a levels are increased in HD cells as a result of overactive positive feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Kannike
- From the Department of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn 12618, Estonia and
| | - Mari Sepp
- From the Department of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn 12618, Estonia and
| | - Chiara Zuccato
- the Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Center for Stem Cell Research, University of Milan, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- the Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Center for Stem Cell Research, University of Milan, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Tõnis Timmusk
- From the Department of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn 12618, Estonia and
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48
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Baxa M, Hruska-Plochan M, Juhas S, Vodicka P, Pavlok A, Juhasova J, Miyanohara A, Nejime T, Klima J, Macakova M, Marsala S, Weiss A, Kubickova S, Musilova P, Vrtel R, Sontag EM, Thompson LM, Schier J, Hansikova H, Howland DS, Cattaneo E, DiFiglia M, Marsala M, Motlik J. A transgenic minipig model of Huntington's Disease. J Huntingtons Dis 2014; 2:47-68. [PMID: 25063429 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-130001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some promising treatments for Huntington's disease (HD) may require pre-clinical testing in large animals. Minipig is a suitable species because of its large gyrencephalic brain and long lifespan. OBJECTIVE To generate HD transgenic (TgHD) minipigs encoding huntingtin (HTT)1-548 under the control of human HTT promoter. METHODS Transgenesis was achieved by lentiviral infection of porcine embryos. PCR assessment of gene transfer, observations of behavior, and postmortem biochemical and immunohistochemical studies were conducted. RESULTS One copy of the human HTT transgene encoding 124 glutamines integrated into chromosome 1 q24-q25 and successful germ line transmission occurred through successive generations (F0, F1, F2 and F3 generations). No developmental or gross motor deficits were noted up to 40 months of age. Mutant HTT mRNA and protein fragment were detected in brain and peripheral tissues. No aggregate formation in brain up to 16 months was seen by AGERA and filter retardation or by immunostaining. DARPP32 labeling in WT and TgHD minipig neostriatum was patchy. Analysis of 16 month old sibling pairs showed reduced intensity of DARPP32 immunoreactivity in neostriatal TgHD neurons compared to those of WT. Compared to WT, TgHD boars by one year had reduced fertility and fewer spermatozoa per ejaculate. In vitro analysis revealed a significant decline in the number of WT minipig oocytes penetrated by TgHD spermatozoa. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate successful establishment of a transgenic model of HD in minipig that should be valuable for testing long term safety of HD therapeutics. The emergence of HD-like phenotypes in the TgHD minipigs will require more study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Baxa
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., AS CR, Libechov, Czech Republic Faculty of Science, Department of Cell Biology, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Hruska-Plochan
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., AS CR, Libechov, Czech Republic Faculty of Science, Department of Cell Biology, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Juhas
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., AS CR, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Vodicka
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., AS CR, Libechov, Czech Republic Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonin Pavlok
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., AS CR, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Juhasova
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., AS CR, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Atsushi Miyanohara
- Vector Development Laboratory, Human Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tetsuya Nejime
- Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jiri Klima
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., AS CR, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Macakova
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., AS CR, Libechov, Czech Republic Faculty of Science, Department of Cell Biology, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Silvia Marsala
- Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Weiss
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Neuroscience Discovery, Basel, Switzerland IRBM Promidis, Pomezia, Italy
| | - Svatava Kubickova
- Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Musilova
- Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Vrtel
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Fetal Medicine, Palacky University, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Emily M Sontag
- Department of Biological Chemistry University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Leslie M Thompson
- Department of Biological Chemistry University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Department of Neurobiology and Behavior University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jan Schier
- Institute of Information Theory and Automation v.v.i., AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hansikova
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Centre for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marian DiFiglia
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Marsala
- Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA Institute of Neurobiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Motlik
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., AS CR, Libechov, Czech Republic
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Valenza M, Di Paolo E, Marullo M, Cesana E, Zuccato C, Biella G, Cattaneo E. B27 Disruption Of Astrocyte-neuron Cholesterol Cross-talk Affects Neuronal Function In Huntington's Disease. J Neurol Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-309032.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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50
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Baronchelli S, La Spada A, Camnasio S, Foti-Cuzzola V, DeBlasio P, Cattaneo E, Biunno I. B12 Exploring the Genome-wide DNA Methylation Patterns in HD-IPS Cells during Striatal Lineage Commitment. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-309032.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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