1
|
Lynch TJ, Ahlers BA, Swatek AM, Ievlev V, Pai AC, Brooks L, Tang Y, Evans IA, Meyerholz DK, Engelhardt JF, Parekh KR. Ferret Lung Transplantation Models Differential Lymphoid Aggregate Morphology Between Restrictive and Obstructive Forms of Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction. Transplantation 2022; 106:1974-1989. [PMID: 35442232 PMCID: PMC9529760 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term survival after lung transplantation remains limited by chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). CLAD has 2 histologic phenotypes, namely obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) and restrictive alveolar fibroelastosis (AFE), which have distinct clinical presentations, pathologies, and outcomes. Understanding of OB versus AFE pathogenesis would improve with better animal models. METHODS We utilized a ferret orthotopic single-lung transplantation model to characterize allograft fibrosis as a histologic measure of CLAD. Native lobes and "No CLAD" allografts lacking aberrant histology were used as controls. We used morphometric analysis to evaluate the size and abundance of B-cell aggregates and tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) and their cell composition. Quantitative RNA expression of 47 target genes was performed simultaneously using a custom QuantiGene Plex Assay. RESULTS Ferret lung allografts develop the full spectrum of human CLAD histology including OB and AFE subtypes. While both OB and AFE allografts developed TLOs, TLO size and number were greater with AFE histology. More activated germinal center cells marked by B-cell lymphoma 6 Transcription Repressor, (B-cell lymphoma 6) expression and fewer cells expressing forkhead box P3 correlated with AFE, congruent with greater diffuse immunoglobulin, plasma cell abundance, and complement 4d staining. Furthermore, forkhead box P3 RNA induction was significant in OB allografts specifically. RNA expression changes were seen in native lobes of animals with AFE but not OB when compared with No CLAD native lobes. CONCLUSIONS The orthotopic ferret single-lung transplant model provides unique opportunities to better understand factors that dispose allografts to OB versus AFE. This will help develop potential immunomodulatory therapies and antifibrotic approaches for lung transplant patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Lynch
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Bethany A. Ahlers
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Anthony M. Swatek
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Vitaly Ievlev
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Albert C. Pai
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Leonard Brooks
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Yinghua Tang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Idil A. Evans
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - David K. Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - John F. Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kalpaj R. Parekh
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zaiken MC, Flynn R, Paz KG, Rhee SY, Jin S, Mohamed FA, Saha A, Thangavelu G, Park PMC, Hemming ML, Sage PT, Sharpe AH, DuPage M, Bluestone JA, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Cutler CS, Koreth J, Antin JH, Soiffer RJ, Ritz J, Luznik L, Maillard I, Hill GR, MacDonald KPA, Munn DH, Serody JS, Murphy WJ, Kean LS, Zhang Y, Bradner JE, Qi J, Blazar BR. BET-bromodomain and EZH2 inhibitor-treated chronic GVHD mice have blunted germinal centers with distinct transcriptomes. Blood 2022; 139:2983-2997. [PMID: 35226736 PMCID: PMC9101246 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the field, chronic graft-versus-host-disease (cGVHD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality following allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Because treatment options remain limited, we tested efficacy of anticancer, chromatin-modifying enzyme inhibitors in a clinically relevant murine model of cGVHD with bronchiolitis obliterans (BO). We observed that the novel enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibitor JQ5 and the BET-bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 each improved pulmonary function; impaired the germinal center (GC) reaction, a prerequisite in cGVHD/BO pathogenesis; and JQ5 reduced EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 in donor T cells. Using conditional EZH2 knockout donor cells, we demonstrated that EZH2 is obligatory for the initiation of cGVHD/BO. In a sclerodermatous cGVHD model, JQ5 reduced the severity of cutaneous lesions. To determine how the 2 drugs could lead to the same physiological improvements while targeting unique epigenetic processes, we analyzed the transcriptomes of splenic GCB cells (GCBs) from transplanted mice treated with either drug. Multiple inflammatory and signaling pathways enriched in cGVHD/BO GCBs were reduced by each drug. GCBs from JQ5- but not JQ1-treated mice were enriched for proproliferative pathways also seen in GCBs from bone marrow-only transplanted mice, likely reflecting their underlying biology in the unperturbed state. In conjunction with in vivo data, these insights led us to conclude that epigenetic targeting of the GC is a viable clinical approach for the treatment of cGVHD, and that the EZH2 inhibitor JQ5 and the BET-bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 demonstrated clinical potential for EZH2i and BETi in patients with cGVHD/BO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Zaiken
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Ryan Flynn
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Katelyn G Paz
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Stephanie Y Rhee
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Sujeong Jin
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Fathima A Mohamed
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Asim Saha
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Govindarajan Thangavelu
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Paul M C Park
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew L Hemming
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Peter T Sage
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School-Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School-Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Michel DuPage
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | | | - Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | | | | | - Robert J Soiffer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Leo Luznik
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Kelli P A MacDonald
- Department of Immunology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR), University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David H Munn
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Jonathan S Serody
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Leslie S Kean
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - James E Bradner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bozzini S, Del Fante C, Morosini M, Berezhinskiy HO, Auner S, Cattaneo E, Della Zoppa M, Pandolfi L, Cacciatore R, Perotti C, Hoetzenecker K, Jaksch P, Benazzo A, Meloni F. Mechanisms of Action of Extracorporeal Photopheresis in the Control of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (BOS): Involvement of Circulating miRNAs. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071117. [PMID: 35406680 PMCID: PMC8997705 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests an improvement or stabilization of lung function in a fraction of patients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) treated by extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP); however, few studies have explored the epigenetic and molecular regulation of this therapy. The aim of present study was to evaluate whether a specific set of miRNAs were significantly regulated by ECP. Total RNA was isolated from serum of patients with established BOS grade 1–2 prior to the start and after 6 months of ECP treatment. We observed a significant downregulation of circulating hsa-miR-155-5p, hsa-miR-146a-5p and hsa-miR-31-5p in BOS patients at the start of ECP when compared to healthy subjects. In responders, increased miR-155-5p and decreased miR-23b-3p expression levels at 6 months were found. SMAD4 mRNA was found to be a common target of these two miRNAs in prediction pathways analysis, and a significant downregulation was found at 6 months in PBMCs of a subgroup of ECP-treated patients. According to previous evidence, the upregulation of miR-155 might be correlated with a pro-tolerogenic modulation of the immune system. Our analysis also suggests that SMAD4 might be a possible target for miR-155-5p. Further longitudinal studies are needed to address the possible role of miR-155 and its downstream targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bozzini
- Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Cell Biology Section, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.D.Z.); (L.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382-501-001
| | - Claudia Del Fante
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Service, Apheresis and Cell Therapy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.D.F.); (R.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Monica Morosini
- Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Cell Biology Section, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.D.Z.); (L.P.)
| | - Hatice Oya Berezhinskiy
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (H.O.B.); (S.A.); (K.H.); (P.J.); (A.B.)
| | - Sophia Auner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (H.O.B.); (S.A.); (K.H.); (P.J.); (A.B.)
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Cell Biology Section, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.D.Z.); (L.P.)
| | - Matteo Della Zoppa
- Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Cell Biology Section, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.D.Z.); (L.P.)
| | - Laura Pandolfi
- Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Cell Biology Section, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (E.C.); (M.D.Z.); (L.P.)
| | - Rosalia Cacciatore
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Service, Apheresis and Cell Therapy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.D.F.); (R.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Cesare Perotti
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Service, Apheresis and Cell Therapy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.D.F.); (R.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Konrad Hoetzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (H.O.B.); (S.A.); (K.H.); (P.J.); (A.B.)
| | - Peter Jaksch
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (H.O.B.); (S.A.); (K.H.); (P.J.); (A.B.)
| | - Alberto Benazzo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (H.O.B.); (S.A.); (K.H.); (P.J.); (A.B.)
| | - Federica Meloni
- UOS Transplant Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hodge G, Hodge S, Nguyen PT, Yeo A, Sarkar P, Badiei A, Holmes‐Liew CL, Reynolds PN, Holmes M. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome is associated with increased p-glycoprotein expression and loss of glucocorticoid receptor from steroid-resistant proinflammatory CD8 + T cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 192:242-250. [PMID: 29352737 PMCID: PMC5904702 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressive therapy fails to suppress the production of proinflammatory cytokines, particularly by CD8+ T cells, in stable lung transplant recipients and those undergoing chronic rejection, suggesting that some patients may become relatively resistant to immunosuppressants such as glucocorticoids (GC). We have shown loss of GC receptor (GCR) from the CD8+ cells, and we hypothesized that the drug membrane efflux pump, p-glycoprotein-1 (Pgp), may also be involved in lymphocyte steroid resistance following lung transplant. Pgp/GCR expression and interferon (IFN)-γ/tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α proinflammatory cytokine production was measured in blood lymphocytes from 15 stable lung transplant patients, 10 patients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and 10 healthy aged-matched controls (± prednisolone ± Pgp inhibitor, cyclosporin A ± GCR activator, Compound A) using flow cytometry. Both Pgp+ and Pgp- lymphocyte subsets from all subjects produced IFN-γ/TNF-α proinflammatory cytokines. Pgp expression was increased in CD8+ Pgp+ T cells and correlated with IFN-γ/TNF-α expression and BOS grade. Reduced GCR was observed in CD8+ Pgp- T, natural killer (NK) T-like and NK cells from stable patients compared with controls, and reduced further in CD8+ Pgp- T cells in BOS. The addition of 2·5 ng/ml cyclosporin A and 1 µM prednisolone inhibit IFN-γ/TNF-α production significantly by CD8+ Pgp+ T cells from BOS patients. The addition of 10 µM Compound A and 1 µM prednisolone inhibit IFN-γ/TNF-α production significantly by CD8+ Pgp- T cells from BOS patients. BOS is associated with increased Pgp expression and loss of GCR from steroid-resistant proinflammatory CD8+ T cells. Treatments that inhibit Pgp and up-regulate GCR in CD8+ T cells may improve graft survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G. Hodge
- Lung Research Unit, Department of Thoracic MedicineRoyal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideSouth Australia
- Department of MedicineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia
| | - S. Hodge
- Lung Research Unit, Department of Thoracic MedicineRoyal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideSouth Australia
- Department of MedicineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia
| | - P. T. Nguyen
- Lung Research Unit, Department of Thoracic MedicineRoyal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideSouth Australia
- Department of MedicineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia
| | - A. Yeo
- Lung Research Unit, Department of Thoracic MedicineRoyal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideSouth Australia
| | - P. Sarkar
- Lung Research Unit, Department of Thoracic MedicineRoyal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideSouth Australia
| | - A. Badiei
- Lung Research Unit, Department of Thoracic MedicineRoyal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideSouth Australia
| | - C. L. Holmes‐Liew
- Lung Research Unit, Department of Thoracic MedicineRoyal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideSouth Australia
- Department of MedicineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia
- South Australian Lung Transplant ServiceAdelaideSouth Australia
| | - P. N. Reynolds
- Lung Research Unit, Department of Thoracic MedicineRoyal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideSouth Australia
- Department of MedicineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia
| | - M. Holmes
- Lung Research Unit, Department of Thoracic MedicineRoyal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideSouth Australia
- Department of MedicineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia
- South Australian Lung Transplant ServiceAdelaideSouth Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shokri S, Nabavi M, Hirschmugl T, Aghamohammadi A, Arshi S, Bemanian MH, Fallahpour M, Molatefi R, Rekabi M, Eslami N, Ahmadian J, Darabi K, Sedighi GR, Monajemzadeh M, Modaresi M, Parvaneh N, Boztug K, Rezaei N. LPS-Responsive Beige-Like Anchor Gene Mutation Associated With Possible Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia Associated With Hypogammaglobulinemia and Normal IgM Phenotype and Low Number of B Cells. Acta Med Iran 2016; 54:620-623. [PMID: 27888588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
LPS-Responsive Beige-like Anchor (LRBA) deficiency is a disease which has recently been described in a group of patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) in association with autoimmunity and/or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-like phenotype. We here describe a 10-year-old boy who experienced recurrent infections, mainly in the respiratory system, associated with thrombocytopenia and anemia. Immunological workup showed low numbers of B cells and low IgG, but normal IgM levels. In spite of therapeutic doses of antibiotics, antivirals, and antifungal agents, in addition to immunoglobulin replacement therapy, he developed disseminated involvement of both lungs with peripheral nodules; transbronchial lung biopsy revealed possible bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP). Combined homozygosity mapping and exome sequencing identified a homozygous LRBA mutation in this patient (p.Asp248Glufs*2). Such clinical and immunological findings have not been described to date and illustrate the broad and variable clinical phenotype of human LRBA deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sima Shokri
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nabavi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tatjana Hirschmugl
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Asghar Aghamohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Arshi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Hassan Bemanian
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Fallahpour
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasool Molatefi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Rekabi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Eslami
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Ahmadian
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kian Darabi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Sedighi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Monajemzadeh
- Pediatrics Center for Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Modaresi
- Pediatrics Center for Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Education and Research Network (PRDERN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Parvaneh
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaan Boztug
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria. AND Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang J, Cao H, Hong X, Chen GH, Fan HM, Li QC, Liu ZM, Li KF. MicroRNA screening and functional study of obliterative bronchiolitis in a rat model simulating lung transplantation. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:19309-16. [PMID: 26782583 DOI: 10.4238/2015.december.29.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide the experimental basis for effective prevention and treatment of obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) by studying the changes on the microRNA (miRNA) expression profile after an orthotopic tracheal transplantation (OTT) simulating lung transplantation (LT). The OTT was performed on inbred rats to establish an OB animal model simulating LT, which was confirmed successful through pathological examination after 4 weeks. A miRNA microarray was used to screen for the most significantly differentially expressed miRNA in the OB tissues of donor transplanted trachea and real-time quantitative PCR was then used to validate the reliability of the microarray results. The microarray detection obtained 29 OB-related miRNAs, composed of 15 and 14 significantly up- and down-regulated miRNAs, respectively, among which miR-146a, miR-155, and miR-451, whose function is involved in the immune and inflammatory reactions, were subjected to relative quantitation research. The LT-simulated OTT-induced OB showed significantly differential expressions of multiple miRNAs, among which miR-146a and miR-155 were highly expressed, while miR-451 was lowly expressed, suggesting that these miRNAs may play an important regulatory role in the OB pathological process after LT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - H Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Hong
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - G H Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - H M Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Q C Li
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Z M Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - K F Li
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dong M, Wang X, Zhao HL, Chen XL, Yuan JH, Guo JY, Li KQ, Li G. Integrated analysis of transcription factor, microRNA and LncRNA in an animal model of obliterative bronchiolitis. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:7050-7058. [PMID: 26261598 PMCID: PMC4525932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) is characterized by sub-epithelial inflammatory and fibrotic narrowing of the bronchioles, and it is the predominant factor limiting long-term survival after lung transplantation. To explore molecular mechanism of OB, we investigated the interaction of transcription factor (TF), microRNA, long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), and gene expression in the mice model of OB by integrated analysis of TF array, miRNA microarray, and lncRNA and mRNA microarray. After 28 days of orthotopic tracheal transplantation in mice, 42 TFs were significantly up-regulated in allogeneic graft compared to syngeneic graft; 62 miRNAs including miR-376-5p were up-regulated and 17 miRNAs including miR-338-3p were down-regulated over 2-fold; 137 mRNAs were down-regulated and 129 mRNAs were up-regulated over 2-fold; 234 lncRNAs were up-regulated and 212 lncRNAs were down-regulated over 2-fold in the allogeneic model compared to that in the syngeneic control group. We further analyzed potential interaction between TFs, miRNAs, lncRNAs and target genes by different algorithms. Four differentially expressed TFs (Myc/Max, FOXO1, FOXM1, and SMAD) were predicted to regulate 3 different miRNAs, 17 mRNAs, and 16 lncRNAs. These findings suggest that modulation of altered transcription factors such as Myc/Max and FOXO1, and miRNAs such as miR-376-5p and miR-338-3p may become a preventive or therapeutic targets in the chronic lung allograft dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Dong
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalChina
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tianjin Children’s HospitalChina
| | - Hong-Lin Zhao
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalChina
| | | | - Jing-Hua Yuan
- Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical UniversityChina
| | - Jiu-Yi Guo
- School of Food Engineering and Biological Technology, Tianjin University of Science & TechnologyChina
| | - Ke-Qiu Li
- Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical UniversityChina
| | - Guang Li
- Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical UniversityChina
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dong M, Wang X, Zhao HL, Zhao YX, Jing YQ, Yuan JH, Guo YJ, Chen XL, Li KQ, Li G. Protein-DNA array-based identification of transcription factor activities differentially regulated in obliterative bronchiolitis. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:7140-7148. [PMID: 26261607 PMCID: PMC4525941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lung transplantation has already become the preferred treatment option for a variety of end-stage pulmonary failure. However the long-term results of lung transplantation are still not compelling and the major death reason is commonly due to obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) which is considered as chronic rejection presenting manifests physiologically as a progressive decline in FEV1. Transcription factors (TFs) play a key role in regulating gene expression and in providing an interconnecting regulatory between related pathway elements. Although the transcription factors are required for expression of the proinflammatory cytokines and immune proteins which are involved in obliterative bronchiolitis following lung transplantation, the alterations of the transcription factors in OB have not yet been revealed. Therefore, to investigate the alteration pattern of the transcription factors in OB, we used protein/DNA arrays. Mice orthotopic tracheal transplantation model was used in this studying. In this study, we explored the activity profiles of TFs in Protein/DNA array data of tracheal tissue in 14 and 28 day after transplanted. From a total of 345 screened TFs, we identified 42 TFs that showed associated with OB progression. Our data indicate that TFs may be potentially involved in the pathogenesis of OB, and can prevent, diagnose and treat OB after lung transplantation. In development of OB, some of the TFs may have ability to modulate the transcription of inflammatory proteins such cytokines, inflammatory enzymes and so on.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Dong
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalNo. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tianjin Children’s HospitalNo. 225 Race Course Road, Tianjin 300074, PR China
| | - Hong-Lin Zhao
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalNo. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Yu-Xia Zhao
- Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical UniversityNo. 22 Qi Xiang Tai Road, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Ya-Qing Jing
- Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical UniversityNo. 22 Qi Xiang Tai Road, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Jing-Hua Yuan
- Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical UniversityNo. 22 Qi Xiang Tai Road, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Yi-Jiu Guo
- School of Food Engineering and Biological Techology, Tianjin University of Science & TechnologyNo 29 13th Street, Tanggu Development Zone, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Xing-Long Chen
- Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical UniversityNo. 22 Qi Xiang Tai Road, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Ke-Qiu Li
- Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical UniversityNo. 22 Qi Xiang Tai Road, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Guang Li
- Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical UniversityNo. 22 Qi Xiang Tai Road, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Morgan DL, Merrick BA, Gerrish KE, Stockton PS, Wang Y, Foley JF, Gwinn WM, Kelly FL, Palmer SM, Ton TVT, Flake GP. Gene expression in obliterative bronchiolitis-like lesions in 2,3-pentanedione-exposed rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118459. [PMID: 25710175 PMCID: PMC4339611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) is an irreversible lung disease characterized by progressive fibrosis in the small airways with eventual occlusion of the airway lumens. OB is most commonly associated with lung transplant rejection; however, OB has also been diagnosed in workers exposed to artificial butter flavoring (ABF) vapors. Research has been limited by the lack of an adequate animal model of OB, and as a result the mechanism(s) is unclear and there are no effective treatments for this condition. Exposure of rats to the ABF component, 2,3-pentanedione (PD) results in airway lesions that are histopathologically similar to those in human OB. We used this animal model to evaluate changes in gene expression in the distal bronchi of rats with PD-induced OB. Male Wistar Han rats were exposed to 200 ppm PD or air 6 h/d, 5 d/wk for 2-wks. Bronchial tissues were laser microdissected from serial sections of frozen lung. In exposed lungs, both fibrotic and non-fibrotic airways were collected. Following RNA extraction and microarray analysis, differential gene expression was evaluated. In non-fibrotic bronchi of exposed rats, 4683 genes were significantly altered relative to air-exposed controls with notable down-regulation of many inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In contrast, in fibrotic bronchi, 3807 genes were significantly altered with a majority of genes being up-regulated in affected pathways. Tgf-β2 and downstream genes implicated in fibrosis were significantly up-regulated in fibrotic lesions. Genes for collagens and extracellular matrix proteins were highly up-regulated. In addition, expression of genes for peptidases and peptidase inhibitors were significantly altered, indicative of the tissue remodeling that occurs during airway fibrosis. Our data provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of OB. This new information is of potential significance with regard to future therapeutic targets for treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Morgan
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - B. Alex Merrick
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kevin E. Gerrish
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Patricia S. Stockton
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yu Wang
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Julie F. Foley
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - William M. Gwinn
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Francine L. Kelly
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Scott M. Palmer
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Thai-Vu T. Ton
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Gordon P. Flake
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jonigk D. [Aberrant reparative tissue remodeling: histopathology and molecular pathology]. Pathologe 2014; 35 Suppl 2:254-63. [PMID: 25394975 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-014-1955-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Not only tumorous infiltrations can lead to destruction of parenchymal organs but also the aberrant proliferation and matrix production of mesenchymal cells and vessels during a dysregulated repair attempt. This fibrogenesis is the result of a complex pathogenesis, which can be investigated in animal models but also in situ to harvest new biomarkers. This article deals particularly with the second method and summarizes molecular pathological findings in various model diseases for aberrant reparative tissue reconstruction. These model diseases include plexiform vasculopathy in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), Quilty lesions in heart transplantation, bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), inflammatory airway remodeling and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) induced smooth muscle proliferation (posttransplantation smooth muscle tumor, PTSMT).Using in situ molecular pathology, we were able to dismiss an assumed involvement of myofibroblastic cells in vessel reconstruction of the lung in PAH. We could also for the first time perform a comprehensive molecular characterization of the vascular remodeling and prove that plexiform vasculopathy represents a complex-regulated epiphenomenon of excessive pulmonary hypertension. This method also allowed us to describe for the first time the miRNA expression in PAH in a compartment-specific manner and to draw conclusions regarding the damaged overriding regulatory mechanisms. In the same way, we were also able to describe the chimeric character of the complex neoangiogenesis in the donor organ after heart transplantation.After lung transplantation, we identified for the first time a group of tissue-based molecular markers, which can predict later occurrence of BO even in morphologically normal transbronchial biopsies. In addition, we have documented for the first time the molecular characteristics of the morphologically analogous airway reconstruction in lung-transplanted and non-transplanted patients. We could further elucidate the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and their antagonists in inflammatory airway reconstruction and deduce from this the resulting therapeutic implications. Accordingly, we were able to further clarify the origin, pathogenesis and the malignant potential of EBV-induced PTSMT and for the first time provide an evidence-based therapy recommendation and risk assessment.In summary, this article documents that in situ diagnostics can meet the requirements of the challenging parameters and issues of life sciences. It is to be expected that the technical possibilities will develop analogously to the increasing demands and the in situ method will move further into the focus of molecular pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Jonigk
- Institut für Pathologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kastelijn EA, van Moorsel CH, Ruven HJ, Karthaus V, Kwakkel-van Erp JM, van de Graaf EA, Zanen P, van Kessel DA, Grutters JC, van den Bosch JM. Genetic polymorphisms in MMP7 and reduced serum levels associate with the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2010; 29:680-6. [PMID: 20347338 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2010.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary epithelium is the primary target of injury in the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) after lung transplantation. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-8 and -9 already have been implicated in the pathogenesis of BOS. MMP-7, which is involved in the repair of the lung epithelium, has not been studied in this respect. We hypothesized that genetic polymorphisms in MMP7 influence its expression and correlate with serum MMP-7 levels and the development of BOS. METHODS DNA was collected from 110 lung transplant recipients, including 21 patients with BOS. We genotyped 7 single nucleotide polymorphisms in MMP7 and measured serum MMP-7 levels. The control group comprised 422 healthy individuals. RESULTS BOS(pos) patients had lower levels of MMP-7 than BOS(neg) patients (7.87 vs 10.18 ng/ml). Significant differences in genotype and haplotype distribution between the BOS(pos) and BOS(neg) patients and controls were found. An increased risk for BOS development was found in patients homozygous for the major alleles of rs17098318, rs11568818, and rs12285347, and for the minor allele rs10502001 (odds ratio, 3.88-5.30). Haplotypes constructed with 3 or 4 risk alleles correlated with lower MMP-7 levels. CONCLUSIONS Genetic polymorphisms of MMP7 predispose to the development of BOS. Patients carrying these risk alleles express lower levels of MMP-7, which may contribute to aberrant tissue repair and culminate in the development of BOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A Kastelijn
- Centre of Interstitial Lung Diseases, Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xu J, Torres E, Mora AL, Shim H, Ramirez A, Neujahr D, Brigham KL, Rojas M. Attenuation of obliterative bronchiolitis by a CXCR4 antagonist in the murine heterotopic tracheal transplant model. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009; 27:1302-10. [PMID: 19059110 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2008.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2008] [Revised: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term success in lung transplantation is limited by obliterative bronchiolitis (OB), yet the mechanism for this disease is not well understood. Chemokine SDF-1 and its receptor, CXCR4, have been reported to be involved in several fibrogenic processes by recruiting inflammatory and fibroblast progenitor cells into injured tissues. We hypothesized that the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis also plays a role in the pathogenesis of OB. METHODS Using the mouse heterotopic allogeneic airway transplant model, we transplanted mouse tracheas from BALB/c donors into C57BL/6 recipients. At Day 10 after transplant, we found high expression of SDF-1 in cells in the sub-epithelial layers of the allograft. Approximately 26% of cells infiltrating the allograft were CD45(+)CXCR4(+), as determined by flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS Treatment of the recipients with a CXCR4 antagonist, TN14003, decreased cell infiltration into the grafts at Day 10 post-implantation. At Day 42, a significant reduction in luminal occlusion was found in the TN14003-treated animals compared with controls (57.40% vs 98.21%, p < 0.01). To demonstrate the relevance of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in OB, sections of lung tissue obtained from lung transplant patients with OB were examined for SDF-1 and CXCR4 expression. We found a higher number of CXCR4- and SDF-1-positive cells in samples from patients with OB as compared with normal lungs. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of lung chronic rejection and may lead to new intervention tools for the treatment of OB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Xu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ditschkowski M, Elmaagacli AH, Trenschel R, Peceny R, Koldehoff M, Schulte C, Beelen DW. T-cell depletion prevents from bronchiolitis obliterans and bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with related donors. Haematologica 2007; 92:558-61. [PMID: 17488669 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.10710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) and bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) are late-onset non-infectious pulmonary complications (LONIPCs) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In the present study 10 of 197 conventionally prepared stem cell recipients developed BOOP after 365 days and 6 patients developed BO 333 days post-transplant. No BOOP or BO was diagnosed following T-cell depletion (p<0.05). Chronic GVHD was ascertained in all BOOP patients and appeared significantly (p<0,001) more frequent in the conventional transplant group. The data confirm a strong association between T-cell activity, chronic GVHD, BO and BOOP and point out the impact of T lymphocytes in the pathomechanism of BOOP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Ditschkowski
- Department of bone marrow transplantation, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu HX, Wang SW, Zhao CH, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhang QG, Cong W, Lan XG, Xu S, Han LB, Zhang L. [The mechanism of transforming growth factor beta1 in myofibroblast differentiation]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2007; 45:986-989. [PMID: 17961388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism underlying myofibroblast differentiation induced by transforming growth factor (TGF) beta1 in obliterative bronchiolitis following lung transplantation. METHODS Heterotopic tracheal transplantation was performed in Smad3 wild-type and knock-out mice to simulate the lung transplantation in human. Murine tracheal fibroblasts cultivated in primary culture were used for in vitro study. Immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, Western Blotting, RT-PCR and DNA electrophoresis mobility gel shift assay were conducted to detect the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alphaSMA), the marker of fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation, and the activation of Smad3, p38 and ERK1/2. RESULTS In affected airways of experimental obliterative bronchiolitis, abundant expression of alphaSMA were found. In vitro study for tracheal fibroblasts, the activation of Smad3 by TGF-beta1 presents as three major forms, phosphorylation, nuclear translocation and DNA binding. In Smad3 wild-type fibroblasts, TGF-beta1 induces the increase of the myofibroblasts transformation, characterized by the elevation of alphaSMA, both at transcription and protein level. While in Smad3 knock-out fibroblasts, the transformation of myofibroblasts induced by TGF-beta1 is significantly decreased (t = 2.080, P = 0.027; t = 1.982, P = 0.032), but not completely abolished. Further study in Smad3-deficient fibroblasts demonstrates that p38 and ERK1/2 could be activated by TGF-beta1 and result in fibroblast differentiation. CONCLUSIONS TGF-beta1 could promote the transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts in Smad3 dependent and independent signal pathways, especially the Smad3 dependent path, and result in the development of obliterative bronchiolitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-xu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bakker NA, Verschuuren EAM, Erasmus ME, Hepkema BG, Veeger NJGM, Kallenberg CGM, van der Bij W. Epstein-Barr virus-DNA load monitoring late after lung transplantation: a surrogate marker of the degree of immunosuppression and a safe guide to reduce immunosuppression. Transplantation 2007; 83:433-8. [PMID: 17318076 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000252784.60159.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a serious complication after lung transplantation and its relation with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is well recognized. It has been postulated that preemptive reduction of immunosuppression guided by EBV-DNA load may lead to a significantly lower incidence of PTLD, because of the reconstitution of T-cell control. In this report, we describe the feasibility of this approach in terms of safety with regard to the risk of acute as well as chronic allograft rejection in 75 lung transplant recipients transplanted between 1990 and 2001 and followed for this study from June 1, 2001 until January 1, 2006. METHODS From all patients visiting our outpatient clinic, EBV-DNA load was measured at least twice a year during the study period. In patients with positive results, measurements were repeated every two to four weeks. EBV reactivation was defined as two consecutive EBV-DNA load measurements with a rising trend; with the last measurement exceeding 10.000 copies/mL under stable immunosuppression. In such case, immunosuppression was reduced. RESULTS EBV reactivation was observed in 26/75 patients (35%). One (1.5%) of these patients developed PTLD during the study period. Acute rejection, acceleration of chronic allograft rejection, or worse survival were not observed after reduction of immunosuppression. CONCLUSIONS Preemptive reduction of immunosuppression after lung transplantation guided by EBV-DNA load appears to be a safe approach for the prevention of PTLD in lung transplant recipients late after transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas A Bakker
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Gene expression microarrays can estimate the prevalence of mRNA for thousands of genes in a small sample of cells or tissue. Organ transplant researchers are increasingly using microarrays to identify specific patterns of gene expression that predict and characterize acute and chronic rejection, and to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying organ allograft dysfunction. We used microarrays to assess gene expression in bronchoalveolar lavage cell samples from lung transplant recipients with and without acute rejection on simultaneous lung biopsies. These studies showed increased expression during acute rejection of genes involved in inflammation, apoptosis, and T-cell activation and proliferation. We also studied gene expression during the evolution of airway obliteration in a murine heterotopic tracheal transplant model of chronic rejection. These studies demonstrated specific patterns of gene expression at defined time points after transplantation in allografts, whereas gene expression in isografts reverted back to that of native tracheas within 2 wk after transplantation. These studies demonstrate the potential power of microarrays to identify biomarkers of acute and chronic lung rejection. The application of new genetic, genomic, and proteomic technologies is in its infancy, and the microarray-based studies described here are clearly only the beginning of their application to lung transplantation. The massive amount of data generated per tissue or cell sample has spawned an outpouring of invention in the bioinformatics field, which is developing methodologies to turn data into meaningful and reproducible clinical and mechanistic inferences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Lande
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55405, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hayashi M, Tagawa A, Ogura T, Kozawa S, Nakamura M, Watanuki Y, Takahashi H. [Familial occurrence of bronchiolitis obliterans associated with sauropus androgynus]. Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi 2007; 45:81-6. [PMID: 17313033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We experienced familial occurrence of bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) associated with Sauropus androgynus. The cases were a mother and daughter and both were admitted to our hospital because of dyspnea after taking Sauropus androgynus. Both cases had hyperinflation of both lungs in chest x-ray and lung function test showed severe obstructive impairment. At first, they were given a diagnosis of severe asthma and treated as such. However, neither their symptoms nor lung function improved. They did not show any reversibility on lung function tests. Although we did not perform histological examination of the lung, they were given a diagnosis of BO associated with Sauropus androgynus (SABO), because of the following reasons. Cases of SABO in Taiwan have already been demonstrated in the 1990's, and there were no other reasons to explain their severe airflow obstruction. Neither bronchodilators nor steroid treatment improved airflow obstruction. BO is rare and can mimic asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We should inquire about the intake of food or medication in cases suspected BO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miho Hayashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Medoff BD, Wain JC, Seung E, Jackobek R, Means TK, Ginns LC, Farber JM, Luster AD. CXCR3 and its ligands in a murine model of obliterative bronchiolitis: regulation and function. J Immunol 2006; 176:7087-95. [PMID: 16709871 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.11.7087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lung transplantation remains the only effective therapy for patients with end-stage lung disease, but survival is limited by the development of obliterative bronchiolitis (OB). The chemokine receptor CXCR3 and two of its ligands, CXCL9 and CXCL10, have been identified as important mediators of OB. However, the relative contribution of CXCL9 and CXCL10 to the development of OB and the mechanism of regulation of these chemokines has not been well defined. In this study, we demonstrate that CXCL9 and CXCL10 are up-regulated in unique patterns following tracheal transplantation in mice. In these experiments, CXCL9 expression peaked 7 days posttransplant, while CXCL10 expression peaked at 1 day and then again 7 days posttransplant. Expression of CXCL10 was also up-regulated in a novel murine model of lung ischemia, and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid taken from human lungs 24 h after lung transplantation. In further analysis, we found that 3 h after transplantation CXCL10 is donor tissue derived and not dependent on IFN-gamma or STAT1, while 24 h after transplantation CXCL10 is from recipient tissue and regulated by IFN-gamma and STAT1. Expression of both CXCL9 and CXCL10 7 days posttransplant is regulated by IFN-gamma and STAT1. Finally, we demonstrate that deletion of CXCR3 in recipients reduces airway obliteration. However, deletion of either CXCL9 or CXCL10 did not affect airway obliteration. These data show that in this murine model of obliterative bronchiolitis, these chemokines are differentially regulated following transplantation, and that deletion of either chemokine alone does not affect the development of airway obliteration.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bronchiolitis Obliterans/genetics
- Bronchiolitis Obliterans/immunology
- Bronchiolitis Obliterans/metabolism
- Bronchiolitis Obliterans/therapy
- Cell Migration Inhibition
- Chemokine CXCL10
- Chemokine CXCL9
- Chemokines, CXC/biosynthesis
- Chemokines, CXC/deficiency
- Chemokines, CXC/genetics
- Chemokines, CXC/physiology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Deletion
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/physiology
- Ligands
- Lung/blood supply
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lymphocytes/cytology
- Lymphocytes/immunology
- Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/genetics
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/immunology
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/metabolism
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/prevention & control
- Receptors, CXCR3
- Receptors, Chemokine/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Chemokine/deficiency
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/physiology
- Reperfusion Injury/immunology
- Reperfusion Injury/metabolism
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/physiology
- Trachea/immunology
- Trachea/metabolism
- Trachea/transplantation
- Up-Regulation/genetics
- Up-Regulation/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Medoff
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Farivar AS, Mackinnon-Patterson B, Woolley S, Namkung J, Shimamoto A, Verrier ED, Mulligan MS. FR167653 reduces obliterative airway disease in rats. J Heart Lung Transplant 2005; 23:985-92. [PMID: 15312829 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2004.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2003] [Revised: 02/23/2004] [Accepted: 04/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) is the main cause of late mortality among long-term survivors of lung transplantation. Although p38 kinase is functional in multiple acute inflammatory injury models, its role in chronic lung rejection is undefined. p38 regulates the expression of the cytokines tumor necrosis (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta, 2 mediators involved in the development of OB in a tracheal transplant model. These studies assessed whether specific inhibition of p38 with FR167653 (FR) protects against the development of OB in rat tracheal allografts. METHODS Rat airways were heterotopically transplanted from Brown-Norway donors into Lewis recipients, and animals were sacrificed on day 14 (6 per group). Treated animals received 10 mg/kg daily of FR intraperitoneally beginning either immediately or at day 7 after transplant. Allografts were assessed by computerized morphometry, and tracheas were processed for TNF-alpha mRNA and protein expression by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays evaluated nuclear factor kappa beta (NFkappaB) transactivation. RESULTS Control allografts averaged 61% occlusion and 98% loss of epithelium at 14 days, whereas FR administration reduced luminal occlusion to 28% (p < 0.001) and epithelial loss to 71% (p < 0.001). Delayed treatment beginning on day 7 slowed progression of disease, as tracheal occlusion averaged 44% and epithelial loss averaged 80%, both of which were significant (p < 0.05) improvements relative to 14-day controls. NFkappa transactivation (p < 0.004) and TNF-alpha mRNA and protein expression were reduced dramatically by FR at 14 days. CONCLUSIONS A specific p38 inhibitor, FR 167653, ameliorates obliterative airway disease in rat tracheal allografts via attenuated NFkappaB transactivation, which ultimately results in diminished TNF-alpha mRNA and protein expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Farivar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Holweg CTJ, Weimar W, Uitterlinden AG, Baan CC. Clinical impact of cytokine gene polymorphisms in heart and lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2004; 23:1017-26. [PMID: 15454166 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2003.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2003] [Accepted: 07/14/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cecile T J Holweg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Richards DM, Dalheimer SL, Ehst BD, Vanasek TL, Jenkins MK, Hertz MI, Mueller DL. Indirect Minor Histocompatibility Antigen Presentation by Allograft Recipient Cells in the Draining Lymph Node Leads to the Activation and Clonal Expansion of CD4+T Cells That Cause Obliterative Airways Disease. J Immunol 2004; 172:3469-79. [PMID: 15004147 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.6.3469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ag recognition by OVA-reactive OT-II (I-Ab restricted) and DO11.10 (I-Ad restricted) TCR-Tg CD4+ T cells after heterotopic transplantation of OVA transgene-expressing tracheal grafts was examined as a model of minor histocompatibility Ag (mHAg)-induced chronic allograft rejection. In response to airway allotransplantation with grafts expressing the OVA transgene, these TCR-Tg CD4+ T cells expressed the activation markers CD69 and CD44, demonstrated evidence of blastogenesis, underwent multiple rounds of cell division leading to their clonal expansion in the draining lymph node, and proceeded to differentiate to a effector/memory T cell phenotype based on a reduction in the expression of CD45RB. These mHAg-specific TCR-Tg CD4+ T cells responded equally well to fully MHC-mismatched tracheas and to class II-deficient allografts, demonstrating that donor mHAg recognition by recipient CD4+ T cells does not rely on Ag presentation by donor-derived APC. The activation of mHAg-specific TCR-Tg CD4+ T cells after their adoptive transfer into recipient mice given MHC-matched, but mHAg-disparate, airway allografts was associated with their movement into the allograft and the near uniform destruction of the transplanted airway tissue secondary to the development of obliterative airways disease. These results demonstrate that an activation of mHAg-reactive CD4+ T cells in the draining lymph node by recipient APC that indirectly express graft mHAg-derived peptide/class II MHC complexes precedes responder T cell proliferation and differentiation, and leads to the eventual migration of these alloreactive T cells to the transplanted airway tissue and the promotion of chronic graft rejection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Richards
- Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lu KC, Jaramillo A, Lecha RL, Schuessler RB, Aloush A, Trulock EP, Mendeloff EN, Huddleston CB, Alexander Patterson G, Mohanakumar T. Interleukin-6 and interferon-gamma gene polymorphisms in the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation. Transplantation 2002; 74:1297-302. [PMID: 12451269 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200211150-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of genetic polymorphisms have been shown to regulate the production and secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10. Several of these genetic polymorphisms have been shown to be associated with either acute or chronic rejection of kidney, liver, and heart allografts and with development of allograft fibrosis after lung transplantation. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of these genetic polymorphisms on the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) after lung transplantation. METHODS Genetic polymorphisms were detected by means of polymerase chain reaction in 93 lung allograft recipients for functional polymorphisms in the TNF-alpha (-308), TGF-beta1 (+869 and +915), IL-6 (-174), IFN-gamma (+874), and IL-10 (-1082, -819, and -592) genes. Then, a correlation between BOS development and the presence of these cytokine genotypes was determined using Kaplan-Meier actuarial analysis. RESULTS A significant correlation was detected between the presence of high-expression polymorphisms of the IL-6 and IFN-gamma genes and BOS development after lung transplantation (P =0.045 and 0.039, respectively). Also, patients with high-expression polymorphisms in both genes developed BOS significantly earlier than patients with low-expression polymorphisms in one or both genes, suggesting a synergistic effect of the alleles during BOS pathogenesis (P =0.016). No correlation was detected between polymorphisms of the TNF-alpha, TGF-beta1, and IL-10 genes and development of BOS after lung transplantation. CONCLUSIONS The presence of high-expression polymorphisms at position -174 of the IL-6 gene and position +874 of the IFN-gamma gene significantly increases the risk for BOS development after lung transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim C Lu
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Elssner A, Jaumann F, Wolf WP, Schwaiblmair M, Behr J, Fürst H, Reichenspurner H, Briegel J, Niedermeyer J, Vogelmeier C. Bronchial epithelial cell B7-1 and B7-2 mRNA expression after lung transplantation: a role in allograft rejection? Eur Respir J 2002; 20:165-9. [PMID: 12166565 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.02.00268102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Obliterative bronchiolitis is commonly interpreted as chronic rejection and involves the bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium. Upregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II on bronchial epithelial cells (BEC) had been hypothesised to be an important trigger of a bronchus directed rejection response. More recently, the additional expression of the costimulatory molecules B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) on antigen presenting cells were found to play an important role in the activation of T-lymphocytes in transplant rejection. The role of the expression of these molecules by BEC is unclear. BEC obtained by bronchial brushing and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells from lung transplant recipients were studied and evaluated for messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of B7-1 and B7-2 by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Significantly elevated B7-1/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA ratios were found in BEC from patients examined during the first 3 months after lung transplantation. Interestingly, in a small group of patients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome the B7-1/GAPDH and B7-2/GAPDH ratios were significantly elevated for BEC, whereas no differences were found for the BALF cells. In summary, B7 messenger ribonucleic acid expression by bronchial epithelial cells may play a role in (chronic) lung allograft rejection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Elssner
- Section for Pulmonary Diseases, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Alho HS, Inkinen KA, Salminen US, Maasilta PK, Taskinen EI, Glumoff V, Vuorio EI, Ikonen TS, Harjula AL. Collagens I and III in a porcine bronchial model of obliterative bronchiolitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164:1519-25. [PMID: 11704606 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.164.8.2011046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The main extracellular matrix components of the lung, type I and III collagens, were studied in chronic allograft rejection developing in a porcine heterotopic bronchial transplantation model. Specific porcine complementary DNA probes were constructed for detection of the expression of type I and III procollagen messenger RNAs in the bronchial wall structures and in the obliterative plug by in situ hybridization. In autografts, and in allografts immunosuppressed with 40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin, cyclosporine A, and methylprednisolone, no histological changes of obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) developed, and the number of fibroblast-like cells expressing type I and III procollagen mRNA remained low. In nontreated allografts obliterating within 21 d, a preponderance of fibroblast-like cells showing positivity for type III procollagen mRNA existed in the obliterative plug and bronchial wall. This study shows for the first time the temporal and spatial activation of type I and III procollagen genes during the course of obliterative bronchiolitis. The number of cells expressing procollagen III mRNA increased parallel to developing obliteration and fibrosis in nontreated allografts, whereas autografts and immunosuppressed allografts exhibited no such trend. This finding suggests a positive association between type III collagen mRNA expression in fibroblast-like cells and development of obliterative bronchiolitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H S Alho
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Boehler A, Bai XH, Liu M, Cassivi S, Chamberlain D, Slutsky AS, Keshavjee S. Upregulation of T-helper 1 cytokines and chemokine expression in post-transplant airway obliteration. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 159:1910-7. [PMID: 10351939 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.159.6.9806035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The major obstacle to long-term survival after lung transplantation is chronic graft dysfunction manifest as bronchiolitis obliterans. Since the early stages are characterized by proliferation of itinerant cells (lymphocytes and macrophages), we hypothesized that cytokines and chemokines may play a role in the development of the fibroproliferative process. In a heterotopic rat tracheal transplant model, we studied isografts and allografts 3, 7, and 21 d after transplantation as representative time points for the triphasic time course in the evolution of allograft airway obliteration. Using a semiquantitative RT-PCR technique, intragraft gene expression of T-helper 1 (Th1)- and Th2-type cytokines and of C-C and C-X-C chemokines was examined. The results of our study show a distinct pattern of cytokine and chemokine gene expression in the development of post-transplant airway obliteration. Allografts, in contrast to isografts, showed a strong and persistent Th1-type response (expression of interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma genes), even after fibrous airway obliteration was complete, suggesting an ongoing allo-immune process until late in the fibroproliferative stage. RANTES and MCP-1 were also upregulated late after transplantation, whereas MIP-2 upregulation occurred early post-transplant and was not restricted to allografts alone, which might reflect alloantigen-independent processes after transplantation that are present in both allografts and isografts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Boehler
- Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratory, The Toronto Hospital and Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bergmann M, Tiroke A, Schäfer H, Barth J, Haverich A. Gene expression of profibrotic mediators in bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 1998; 32:97-103. [PMID: 9636965 DOI: 10.1080/14017439850140247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) develops in one-third of lung transplant recipients. A fibroproliferative process involving mesenchymal cells is observed histopathologically. In order further to evaluate the pathomechanisms of BOS, the gene expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells of six lung transplant recipients and appropriate controls was studied. Equal amounts of total RNA were submitted to semiquantitative reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), amplifying actin, PDGF-B and TGF-beta 1 using established protocols and primer sets. The signal/actin ratio was calculated based on laser densitometry measurements. TGF-beta 1 transcripts were detected in all samples, and a slight increase in BOS patients was observed. PDGF-B mRNA was increased in BAL samples from BOS patients compared to unaffected recipients and controls. Plotting the FEV1 in percent of vital capacity and the PDGF expression in BOS patients revealed an increased PDGF signal preceding lung function deterioration. The data were consistent with the hypothesis based mainly on in vitro findings that PDGF and TGF-beta contribute to the development of BOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bergmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kiel, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Takeda S, Miyoshi S, Omori K, Utsumi T, Kogaki S, Sawa Y, Yanagisawa M, Matsuda H. Pulmonary disease models induced by in vivo hemagglutinating virus of Japan liposome-mediated endothelin-1 gene transfer. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1998; 31 Suppl 1:S336-8. [PMID: 9595474 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-199800001-00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Overproduction and overexpression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) have been reported to contribute to the pathophysiology of pulmonary diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis, obliterative bronchiolitis, and primary pulmonary hypertension. To determine whether ET-1 contributes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary disease, we locally overexpressed ET-1 using an in vivo UV-inactivated hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ) liposome-mediated gene transfer system. Plasmid DNA of ET-1 (pME18fc preproET-1) and high mobility group 1 (HMG1) protein were co-encapsulated in liposomes. Then the plasmid DNA and liposome complexes were introduced into the lung via the trachea in Wistar rats, using HVJ-mediated membrane fusion. Control animals received instillation of HVJ liposome with an empty cassette. Two weeks after in vivo transfection of the preproET-1 gene, hyperplastic connective tissue plaques were seen in the alveolar duct and small conducting airways, indicating histologically distinctive obliterative bronchiolitis. No histopathologic changes were seen in the control animals. These results suggested that local overexpression of ET-1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of obliterative bronchiolitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Takeda
- First Department of Surgery, Osaka University Medical School, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Takeda S, Sawa Y, Minami M, Kaneda Y, Fujii Y, Shirakura R, Yanagisawa M, Matsuda H. Experimental bronchiolitis obliterans induced by in vivo HVJ-liposome-mediated endothelin-1 gene transfer. Ann Thorac Surg 1997; 63:1562-7. [PMID: 9205148 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(97)00367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchiolitis obliterans (OB) is a lesion that results when injury to small conducting airways is repaired by a proliferation of fibrous granulation tissue. Bronchiolitis obliterans has emerged as a main cause of morbidity and mortality in the setting of lung and heart-lung transplantation. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), initially discovered as a vasoconstrictive peptide, has a mitogenic activity on vascular smooth cells and airway epithelial cells. Overproduction of endothelin has been reported in patients with OB or chronic rejection after lung transplantation. It is still undetermined whether locally overexpressed ET-1 has a potential impact in the pathogenesis of OB. METHODS We locally overexpressed ET-1 using ultraviolet irradiation-inactivated hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ)-liposome-mediated in vivo gene transfer. Plasmid DNA of prepro-ET-1 and high mobility group 1 protein were coencapsulated in liposomes, and were introduced into airway epithelial cells by HVJ-mediated membrane fusion. Control animals received instillation of HVJ-liposome with an empty expression cassette. To confirm the efficiency of transfection, HVJ liposome with beta-galactosidase gene was introduced. The expression of ET-1 and beta-galactosidase was assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Bronchial epithelium alveolar cells and alveolar macrophage were stained blue (X-Gal) 1 week after in vivo gene transfer of beta-galactosidase gene, indicating beta-gal activity. In animals 1 to 2 weeks after in vivo transfection of prepro-ET-1 gene, hyperplastic connective tissue plaque was seen in the alveolar duct and small conducting airway, indicating histologically distinctive bronchiolitis obliterans. Strong ET-1-like immunoactivities were seen in the airway epithelial, hyperplastic connective tissue, and alveolar cells. No histopathologic changes were seen in the control animals. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that ET-1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of OB. The effective pharmacologic antagonist or inhibitor may possibly control the progression of disease in patients of OB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Takeda
- First Department of Surgery, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|