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Szegő ÉM, Boß F, Komnig D, Gärtner C, Höfs L, Shaykhalishahi H, Wördehoff MM, Saridaki T, Schulz JB, Hoyer W, Falkenburger BH. A β-Wrapin Targeting the N-Terminus of α-Synuclein Monomers Reduces Fibril-Induced Aggregation in Neurons. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:696440. [PMID: 34326719 PMCID: PMC8313869 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.696440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing α-synuclein pathology constitutes a plausible strategy against Parkinson’s disease. As we recently demonstrated, the β-wrapin protein AS69 binds an N-terminal region in monomeric α-synuclein, interferes with fibril nucleation, and reduces α-synuclein aggregation in vitro and in a fruit fly model of α-synuclein toxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether AS69 also reduces α-synuclein pathology in mammalian neurons. To induce α-synuclein pathology, primary mouse neurons were exposed to pre-formed fibrils (PFF) of human α-synuclein. PFF were also injected into the striatum of A30P-α-synuclein transgenic mice. The extent of α-synuclein pathology was determined by phospho-α-synuclein staining and by Triton X-100 solubility. The degeneration of neuronal somata, dendrites, and axon terminals was determined by immunohistochemistry. AS69 and PFF were taken up by primary neurons. AS69 did not alter PFF uptake, but AS69 did reduce PFF-induced α-synuclein pathology. PFF injection into mouse striatum led to α-synuclein pathology and dystrophic neurites. Co-injection of AS69 abrogated PFF-induced pathology. AS69 also reduced the PFF-induced degeneration of dopaminergic axon terminals in the striatum and the degeneration of dopaminergic dendrites in the substantia nigra pars reticulata. AS69 reduced the activation of astroglia but not microglia in response to PFF injection. Collectively, AS69 reduced PFF-induced α-synuclein pathology and the associated neurodegeneration in primary neurons and in mouse brain. Our data therefore suggest that small proteins binding the N-terminus of α-synuclein monomers are promising strategies to modify disease progression in Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva M Szegő
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabian Boß
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Komnig
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Charlott Gärtner
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lennart Höfs
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hamed Shaykhalishahi
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael M Wördehoff
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Jörg B Schulz
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoyer
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Björn H Falkenburger
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Dresden, Germany
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Witzig VS, Komnig D, Falkenburger BH. Changes in Striatal Medium Spiny Neuron Morphology Resulting from Dopamine Depletion Are Reversible. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112441. [PMID: 33182316 PMCID: PMC7695336 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The classical motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are caused by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, which is followed by secondary dendritic pruning and spine loss at striatal medium spiny neurons (MSN). We hypothesize that these morphological changes at MSN underlie at least in part long-term motor complications in PD patients. In order to define the potential benefits and limitations of dopamine substitution, we tested in a mouse model whether dendritic pruning and spine loss can be reversible when dopaminergic axon terminals regenerate. In order to induce degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons we used the toxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in C57BL/6J mice; 30 mg/kg MPTP was applied i.p. on five consecutive days. In order to assess the consequences of dopamine depletion, mice were analyzed 21 days after the last injection. In order to test reversibility of MSN changes we exploited the property of this model that striatal axon terminals regenerate by sprouting within 90 days and analyzed a second cohort 90 days after MPTP. Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons was confirmed by counting TH-positive neurons in the substantia nigra and by analyzing striatal catecholamines. Striatal catecholamine recovered 90 days after MPTP. MSN morphology was visualized by Golgi staining and quantified as total dendritic length, number of dendritic branch points, and density of dendritic spines. All morphological parameters of striatal MSN were reduced 21 days after MPTP. Statistical analysis indicated that dendritic pruning and the reduction of spine density represent two distinct responses to dopamine depletion. Ninety days after MPTP, all morphological changes recovered. Our findings demonstrate that morphological changes in striatal MSN resulting from dopamine depletion are reversible. They suggest that under optimal conditions, symptomatic dopaminergic therapy might be able to prevent maladaptive plasticity and long-term motor complications in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Sofie Witzig
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (V.S.W.); (D.K.)
| | - Daniel Komnig
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (V.S.W.); (D.K.)
| | - Björn H. Falkenburger
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (V.S.W.); (D.K.)
- JARA-Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +49-351-458-2532; Fax: +49-351-458-4365
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3
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Tian Y, Korn P, Tripathi P, Komnig D, Wiemuth D, Nikouee A, Classen A, Bolm C, Falkenburger BH, Lüscher B, Gründer S. The mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase ARTD10 regulates the voltage-gated K + channel Kv1.1 through protein kinase C delta. BMC Biol 2020; 18:143. [PMID: 33059680 PMCID: PMC7558731 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00878-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ADP-ribosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification that involves both mono- and poly-ADP-ribosylation. ARTD10, also known as PARP10, mediates mono-ADP-ribosylation (MARylation) of substrate proteins. A previous screen identified protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) as a potential ARTD10 substrate, among several other kinases. The voltage-gated K+ channel Kv1.1 constitutes one of the dominant Kv channels in neurons of the central nervous system and the inactivation properties of Kv1.1 are modulated by PKC. In this study, we addressed the role of ARTD10-PKCδ as a regulator of Kv1.1. Results We found that ARTD10 inhibited PKCδ, which increased Kv1.1 current amplitude and the proportion of the inactivating current component in HeLa cells, indicating that ARTD10 regulates Kv1.1 in living cells. An inhibitor of ARTD10, OUL35, significantly decreased peak amplitude together with the proportion of the inactivating current component of Kv1.1-containing channels in primary hippocampal neurons, demonstrating that the ARTD10-PKCδ signaling cascade regulates native Kv1.1. Moreover, we show that the pharmacological blockade of ARTD10 increases excitability of hippocampal neurons. Conclusions Our results, for the first time, suggest that MARylation by ARTD10 controls neuronal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemin Tian
- Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Patricia Korn
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Priyanka Tripathi
- Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Present address: Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Komnig
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dominik Wiemuth
- Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Azadeh Nikouee
- Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Arno Classen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Björn H Falkenburger
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Present address: Department of Neurology, Dresden University Medical Center, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernhard Lüscher
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Gründer
- Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Witzig V, Komnig D, Falkenburger B. The effect of nigral dopaminergic depletion on the morphology of striatal medium spiny neurons in the MPTP mouse model. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Habib P, Stamm AS, Zeyen T, Noristani R, Slowik A, Beyer C, Wilhelm T, Huber M, Komnig D, Schulz JB, Reich A. EPO regulates neuroprotective Transmembrane BAX Inhibitor-1 Motif-containing (TMBIM) family members GRINA and FAIM2 after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Exp Neurol 2019; 320:112978. [PMID: 31211943 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.112978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Transmembrane BAX Inhibitor-1 Motif-containing (TMBIM) family members exert inhibitory activities in apoptosis and necroptosis. FAIM2 (TMBIM-2) is neuroprotective against murine focal ischemia and is regulated by erythropoietin (EPO). Similar to FAIM2, GRINA (TMBIM-3) is predominantly expressed in the brain. The role of GRINA in transient brain ischemia, its potential synergistic effects with FAIM2 and its regulation by EPO treatment were assessed. METHODS We performed transient (30 min) middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAo) followed by 72 h of reperfusion in GRINA-deficient (GRINA-/-), FAIM2-deficient (FAIM2-/-), double-deficient (GRINA-/-FAIM2-/-) and wildtype littermates (WT) mice. We administered EPO or saline 0, 24 and 48 h after tMCAo. We subjected primary murine cortical neurons (pMCN) of all mouse strains to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) after GRINA and/or FAIM2 gene transfection. RESULTS Compared to wildtype controls GRINA deficiency led to a similar increase in infarct volumes as FAIM2 deficiency (p < .01). We observed the highest neurological deficits and largest infarct sizes in double-deficient mice. EPO administration upregulated GRINA and FAIM2 mRNA levels in wildtype littermates. EPO decreased infarct sizes and abrogated neurological impairments in wildtype controls. GRINA and/or FAIM2 deficient mice showed increased expression levels of cleaved-caspase 3 and of pro-apoptotic BAX mRNA. Further, caspase 8 was upregulated in FAIM2-/- and caspase 9 in GRINA-/- mice. Overexpression of GRINA and FAIM2 in wildtype and in double deficient pMCN decreased cell death rate after OGD. CONCLUSIONS GRINA and FAIM2 are highly expressed in the brain and convey EPO-mediated neuroprotection after ischemic stroke involving different caspases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardes Habib
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Ann-Sophie Stamm
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Zeyen
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rozina Noristani
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Slowik
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Cordian Beyer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Wilhelm
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Huber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Komnig
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörg B Schulz
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute of Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Arno Reich
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Agerschou ED, Flagmeier P, Saridaki T, Galvagnion C, Komnig D, Heid L, Prasad V, Shaykhalishahi H, Willbold D, Dobson CM, Voigt A, Falkenburger B, Hoyer W, Buell AK. An engineered monomer binding-protein for α-synuclein efficiently inhibits the proliferation of amyloid fibrils. eLife 2019; 8:46112. [PMID: 31389332 PMCID: PMC6721797 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Removing or preventing the formation of α-synuclein aggregates is a plausible strategy against Parkinson’s disease. To this end, we have engineered the β-wrapin AS69 to bind monomeric α-synuclein with high affinity. In cultured cells, AS69 reduced the self-interaction of α-synuclein and formation of visible α-synuclein aggregates. In flies, AS69 reduced α-synuclein aggregates and the locomotor deficit resulting from α-synuclein expression in neuronal cells. In biophysical experiments in vitro, AS69 highly sub-stoichiometrically inhibited both primary and autocatalytic secondary nucleation processes, even in the presence of a large excess of monomer. We present evidence that the AS69-α-synuclein complex, rather than the free AS69, is the inhibitory species responsible for sub-stoichiometric inhibition of secondary nucleation. These results represent a new paradigm that high affinity monomer binders can lead to strongly sub-stoichiometric inhibition of nucleation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Flagmeier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Céline Galvagnion
- RG Mechanisms of Neuroprotection, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology and Drug Design, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Komnig
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Laetitia Heid
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vibha Prasad
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hamed Shaykhalishahi
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-6), Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christopher M Dobson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Voigt
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bjoern Falkenburger
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Dresden University Medical Center, Dresden, Germany.,JARA BRAIN Institute II, Julich and Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoyer
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-6), Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Alexander K Buell
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Komnig D, Dagli TC, Habib P, Zeyen T, Schulz JB, Falkenburger BH. Fingolimod (FTY720) is not protective in the subacute MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease and does not lead to a sustainable increase of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. J Neurochem 2018; 147:678-691. [PMID: 30152864 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and aggregates of α-synuclein termed Lewy bodies. Fingolimod (FTY720) is an agonist of sphingosine-1 phosphate receptors and an approved oral treatment for multiple sclerosis. Fingolimod elevates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), an important neurotrophic factor for dopaminergic neurons. BDNF and fingolimod are beneficial in several animal models of PD. In order to validate the therapeutic potential of fingolimod for the treatment of PD, we tested its effect in the subacute MPTP mouse model of PD. MPTP or vehicle was applied i.p. in doses of 30 mg/kg MPTP on five consecutive days. In order to recapitulate the combination of dopamine loss and α-synuclein aggregates found in PD, MPTP was first administered in Thy1-A30P-α-synuclein transgenic mice. Fingolimod was administered i.p. at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg every second day. Nigrostriatal degeneration was assayed by stereologically counting the number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, by analysing the concentration of catecholamines and the density of dopaminergic fibres in the striatum. MPTP administration produced a robust nigrostriatal degeneration, comparable to previous studies. Unexpectedly, we found no difference between mice with and without fingolimod treatment, neither at baseline, nor at 14 or 90 days after MPTP. Also, we found no effect of fingolimod in the subacute MPTP mouse model when we used wildtype mice instead of α-synuclein transgenic mice, and no effect with an increased dose of 1 mg/kg fingolimod administered every day. In order to explain these findings, we analysed BDNF regulation by fingolimod. We did find an increase of BDNF protein after a single injection of fingolimod 0.1 or 1.0 mg/kg, but not after multiple injections, indicating that the BDNF response to fingolimod is unsustainable over time. Taken together we did not observe a neuroprotective effect of fingolimod in the subacute MPTP mouse model of PD. We discuss possible explanations for this discrepancy with previous findings and conclude fingolimod might be beneficial for the nonmotor symptoms of PD. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* and *Open Data* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript and because it made the data publicly available. The data can be accessed at https://osf.io/6xgfn/. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Komnig
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Pardes Habib
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Zeyen
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörg B Schulz
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Björn H Falkenburger
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Komnig D, Gertz K, Habib P, Nolte KW, Meyer T, Brockmann MA, Endres M, Rathkolb B, Hrabě de Angelis M, Schulz JB, Falkenburger BH, Reich A. Faim2 contributes to neuroprotection by erythropoietin in transient brain ischemia. J Neurochem 2018; 145:258-270. [PMID: 29315561 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Delayed cell death in the penumbra region of acute ischemic stroke occurs through apoptotic mechanisms, making it amenable to therapeutic interventions. Fas/CD95 mediates apoptotic cell death in response to external stimuli. In mature neurons, Fas/CD95 signaling is modulated by Fas-apoptotic inhibitory molecule 2 (Faim2), which reduces cell death in animal models of stroke, meningitis, and Parkinson disease. Erythropoietin (EPO) has been studied as a therapeutic strategy in ischemic stroke. Erythropoietin stimulates the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) pathway, which regulates Faim2 expression. Therefore, up-regulation of Faim2 may contribute to neuroprotection by EPO. Male Faim2-deficient mice (Faim2-/- ) and wild-type littermates (WT) were subjected to 30 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) followed by 72 h of reperfusion. EPO was applied before (30 min) and after (24 and 48 h) MCAo. In WT mice application of EPO at a low dose (5000 U/kg) significantly reduced stroke volume, whereas treatment with high dose (90 000 U/kg) did not. In Faim2-/- animals administration of low-dose EPO did not result in a significant reduction in stroke volume. Faim2 expression as measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) increased after low-dose EPO but not with high dose. An extensive phenotyping including analysis of cerebral vessel architecture did not reveal confounding differences between the genotypes. In human post-mortem brain Faim2 displayed a differential expression in areas of penumbral ischemia. Faim2 up-regulation may contribute to the neuroprotective effects of low-dose erythropoietin in transient brain ischemia. The dose-dependency may explain mixed effects of erythropoietin observed in clinical stroke trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Komnig
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karen Gertz
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pardes Habib
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kay W Nolte
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tareq Meyer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc A Brockmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Excellence Cluster NeuroCure, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Gene Center, Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, München, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | | | - Jörg B Schulz
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Björn H Falkenburger
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Arno Reich
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Tian Y, Verheugd P, Goswami P, Goswami A, Komnig D, Lüscher B, Gründer S. The Mono-ADP-Ribosyltransferase ARTD10 Regulates KV1.1 through PKCD. Biophys J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.1683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Komnig D, Imgrund S, Reich A, Gründer S, Falkenburger BH. ASIC1a Deficient Mice Show Unaltered Neurodegeneration in the Subacute MPTP Model of Parkinson Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165235. [PMID: 27820820 PMCID: PMC5098794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation contributes to the death of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson disease and can be accompanied by acidification of extracellular pH, which may activate acid-sensing ion channels (ASIC). Accordingly, amiloride, a non-selective inhibitor of ASIC, was protective in an acute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of Parkinson disease. To complement these findings we determined MPTP toxicity in mice deficient for ASIC1a, the most common ASIC isoform in neurons. MPTP was applied i.p. in doses of 30 mg per kg on five consecutive days. We determined the number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, assayed by stereological counting 14 days after the last MPTP injection, the number of Nissl positive neurons in the substantia nigra, and the concentration of catecholamines in the striatum. There was no difference between ASIC1a-deficient mice and wildtype controls. We are therefore not able to confirm that ASIC1a are involved in MPTP toxicity. The difference might relate to the subacute MPTP model we used, which more closely resembles the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease, or to further targets of amiloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Komnig
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Silke Imgrund
- Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Arno Reich
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Gründer
- Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Björn H. Falkenburger
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- JARA BRAIN Institute II, Jülich and Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Komnig D, Schulz JB, Reich A, Falkenburger BH. Mice lacking Faim2 show increased cell death in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson disease. J Neurochem 2016; 139:848-857. [PMID: 27638043 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The death receptor Fas/CD95 mediates apoptotic cell death in response to external stimuli. In neurons, Fas-induced apoptosis is prevented by Fas-apoptotic inhibitory molecule 2 (Faim2). Mice lacking Faim2 showed increased neurodegeneration in animal models of stroke and bacterial meningitis. We therefore tested the relevance of Faim2 in a classical animal model of Parkinson disease and determined the toxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in Faim2-deficient mice. Without MPTP treatment, there was no difference in the dopaminergic system between Faim2-deficient mice and control mice. MPTP was applied i.p. in doses of 30 mg per kg on five consecutive days. Fourteen days after the last MPTP injection, the number of dopaminergic neurons in the lateral substantia nigra, assayed by stereological counting, was reduced by 39% in control mice and 53% in Faim2-deficient mice. The density of dopaminergic fibers in the dorsal striatum was reduced by 36% in control mice and 69% in Faim2-deficient mice, in the ventral striatum 44% in control mice and 76% in Faim2-deficient mice. Fiber density recovered at 90 days after MPTP with similar density in both groups. Striatal catecholamine levels were reduced by 81-84% in both groups and recovered at 90 days. Faim2 expression was documented in mouse midbrain using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) and found decreased after MPTP administration. Taken together, our findings demonstrate increased degeneration of dopaminergic neurons with Faim2 deficiency, indicating that Fas-induced apoptosis contributes to cell death in the MPTP mouse model. Along with the decreased expression of Faim2 after MPTP, this finding indicates that boosting Faim2 function might represent a therapeutic strategy for Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Komnig
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörg B Schulz
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Arno Reich
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Björn H Falkenburger
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Dinter E, Saridaki T, Nippold M, Plum S, Diederichs L, Komnig D, Fensky L, May C, Marcus K, Voigt A, Schulz JB, Falkenburger BH. Rab7 induces clearance of α-synuclein aggregates. J Neurochem 2016; 138:758-74. [PMID: 27333324 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease can be caused by mutations in the α-synuclein gene and is characterized by aggregates of α-synuclein protein. Aggregates are degraded by the autophago-lysosomal pathway. Since Rab7 has been shown to regulate trafficking of late endosomes and autophagosomes, we hypothesized that over-expressing Rab7 might be beneficial in Parkinson's disease. To test this hypothesis, we expressed the pathogenic A53T mutant of α-synuclein in HEK293 cells and Drosophila melanogaster. In HEK293 cells, EGFP-Rab7-decorated vesicles contain α-synuclein. Rab7 over-expression reduced the percentage of cells with α-synuclein particles and the amount of α-synuclein protein. Time-lapse microscopy confirmed that particles frequently disappeared with Rab7 over-expression. Clearance of α-synuclein is explained by the increased occurrence of acidified α-synuclein vesicles with Rab7 over-expression, presumably representing autolysosomes. Rab7 over-expression reduced apoptosis and the percentage of dead cells in trypan blue staining. In the fly model, Rab7 rescued the locomotor deficit induced by neuronal expression of A53T-α-synuclein. These beneficial effects were not produced by Rab7 missense mutations causing Charcot Marie Tooth neuropathy, or by the related GTPases Rab5, Rab9, or Rab23. Using mass spectrometry, we identified Rab7 in neuromelanin granules purified from human substantia nigra, indicating that Rab7 might be involved in the biogenesis of these possibly protective, autophagosome-like organelles in dopaminergic neurons. Taken together, Rab7 increased the clearance of α-synuclein aggregates, reduced cell death, and rescued the phenotype in a fly model of Parkinson's disease. These findings indicate that Rab7 is rate-limiting for aggregate clearance, and that Rab7 activation may offer a therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease. Cells over-expressing aggregation-prone A53T alpha-synuclein develop cytoplasmic aggregates mimicking changes observed in Parkinson's disease. When following cells in time-lapse microscopy, some few cells are able to remove these aggregates (Opazo et al. 2008). We now show that the percentage of cells clearing all aggregates from their cytosol is greatly increased with Rab7 over-expression, indicating that availability of Rab7 is rate-limiting for autophagic clearance of aggregates. The functional significance of this effect in neurons was confirmed in a Drosophila melanogaster model of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Dinter
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Markus Nippold
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah Plum
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Komnig
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Luisa Fensky
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Caroline May
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Katrin Marcus
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Aaron Voigt
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörg B Schulz
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,JARA BRAIN Institute II, FZ Jülich and RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Björn H Falkenburger
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,JARA BRAIN Institute II, FZ Jülich and RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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