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Kubař T, Elstner M, Cui Q. Hybrid Quantum Mechanical/Molecular Mechanical Methods For Studying Energy Transduction in Biomolecular Machines. Annu Rev Biophys 2023; 52:525-551. [PMID: 36791746 PMCID: PMC10810093 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-111622-091140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) methods have become indispensable tools for the study of biomolecules. In this article, we briefly review the basic methodological details of QM/MM approaches and discuss their applications to various energy transduction problems in biomolecular machines, such as long-range proton transports, fast electron transfers, and mechanochemical coupling. We highlight the particular importance for these applications of balancing computational efficiency and accuracy. Using several recent examples, we illustrate the value and limitations of QM/MM methodologies for both ground and excited states, as well as strategies for calibrating them in specific applications. We conclude with brief comments on several areas that can benefit from further efforts to make QM/MM analyses more quantitative and applicable to increasingly complex biological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kubař
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany;
| | - M Elstner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany;
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany;
| | - Q Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Ban R, Kopajtich R, Lv J, Stenton SL, Shimura M, Wang Z, Yuan Y, Wang J, Han X, Liu Z, Shi Q, Pu C, Prokisch H, Fang F, Elstner M. The phenotypic spectrum of COX20-associated mitochondrial disorder. Brain 2022; 145:e125-e127. [PMID: 36136859 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ban
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, Beijing, China.,Institute of Human Genetics, Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Robert Kopajtich
- Institute of Human Genetics, Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Junlan Lv
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, Beijing, China
| | - Sarah L Stenton
- Institute of Human Genetics, Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Masaru Shimura
- Institute of Human Genetics, Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, 260-0842, Chiba, Japan
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodi Han
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Shi
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100853, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanqiang Pu
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100853, Beijing, China
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, Beijing, China.,Institute of Human Genetics, Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, Beijing, China
| | - Matthias Elstner
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
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Hourahine B, Aradi B, Blum V, Bonafé F, Buccheri A, Camacho C, Cevallos C, Deshaye MY, Dumitrică T, Dominguez A, Ehlert S, Elstner M, van der Heide T, Hermann J, Irle S, Jakowski J, Kranz JJ, Köhler C, Kowalczyk T, Kubař T, Lee IS, Lutsker V, Maurer RJ, Min SK, Mitchell I, Negre C, Niehaus TA, Niklasson AMN, Page AJ, Pecchia A, Penazzi G, Persson MP, Řezáč J, Sánchez CG, Sternberg M, Stöhr M, Stuckenberg F, Tkatchenko A, Yu VWZ, Frauenheim T. Erratum: “DFTB+, a software package for efficient approximate density functional theory based atomistic simulations” [J. Chem. Phys. 152, 124101 (2020)]. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:039901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0103026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B. Hourahine
- SUPA, Department of Physics, The University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - B. Aradi
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - V. Blum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - F. Bonafé
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Buccheri
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - C. Camacho
- School of Chemistry, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - C. Cevallos
- School of Chemistry, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - M. Y. Deshaye
- Department of Chemistry and Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Center, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, USA
| | - T. Dumitrică
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A. Dominguez
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Computational Science Research Center (CSRC) Beijing and Computational Science Applied Research (CSAR) Institute Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - M. Elstner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T. van der Heide
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - J. Hermann
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Irle
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J. Jakowski
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J. J. Kranz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C. Köhler
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - T. Kowalczyk
- Department of Chemistry and Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Center, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, USA
| | - T. Kubař
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - I. S. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - V. Lutsker
- Institut I–Theoretische Physik, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - R. J. Maurer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - S. K. Min
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - I. Mitchell
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute of Basic Science, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - C. Negre
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T. A. Niehaus
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A. M. N. Niklasson
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A. J. Page
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - A. Pecchia
- CNR-ISMN, Via Salaria km 29,600, 00014 Monterotondo, Rome
| | - G. Penazzi
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - J. Řezáč
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C. G. Sánchez
- Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - M. Sternberg
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M. Stöhr
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - F. Stuckenberg
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - A. Tkatchenko
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - V. W.-z. Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - T. Frauenheim
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Computational Science Research Center (CSRC) Beijing and Computational Science Applied Research (CSAR) Institute Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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Kaendler S, Ritter M, Sander D, Elstner M, Schwarzbach C, Wagner M, Meisel A. [Position paper on stroke aftercare of the German Stroke Society-Part 1: long-term care after stroke: status quo of the reality and deficits of care in Germany]. Nervenarzt 2022; 93:368-376. [PMID: 34978578 PMCID: PMC9010384 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-021-01231-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Die Akutversorgung des Schlaganfalls in Deutschland hat ein sehr hohes Niveau, dargestellt durch die Stroke-Units. Die Erkrankung Schlaganfall hat eine Akutphase, gefolgt von einer chronischen Phase mit einem hohen und qualifizierten multi- und interprofessionellen Versorgungsbedarf. Die Deutsche Schlaganfall-Gesellschaft (DSG) hat 2020 eine Nachsorgekommission gegründet, mit dem Ziel der Darstellung der aktuellen Versorgungssituation und zur Erarbeitung von Vorschlägen für eine Verbesserung der Versorgung nach der Akutphase. In dieser Arbeit wird der Status quo ermittelt und Defizite benannt. Analysiert wurden Beiträge unterschiedlicher Beteiligter im deutschen Gesundheitswesen, dargestellt werden unterschiedliche Projekte einer Nachsorge. In Deutschland existiert kein anerkanntes strukturiertes Nachsorgekonzept für Patienten nach einem Schlaganfall. Die bestehende hausarztbasierte Versorgung ohne eine zukünftig stärkere und abgestimmte Integration der Neurologen erschwert eine leitlinien- und qualitätsgesteuerte Nachsorge. Aufgabenverteilungen sowie notwendige Ausbildungsstandards für ihre leitliniengerechte Erfüllung durch die Fachgruppen liegen nicht vor. Zu selten werden neben den medizinischen Domänen die physischen, sozialen und emotionalen Domänen durch ein multiprofessionelles Versorgungsteam beachtet. Zu diskutieren ist eine Weiterentwicklung eines regionalen Care-Management-Konzeptes. Evaluiert werden müssen die Ergebnisse und die Kosten eines Nachsorgekonzeptes vor einer breiten Anwendung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Kaendler
- Praxis Kaendler & Wurtz, Praxis für Nervenheilkunde, Kaiserstraße 75, 63065, Offenbach, Deutschland.
| | | | - Dirk Sander
- Neurozentrum Tutzing-Feldafing, Benedictus-Krankenhaus, Tutzing, Deutschland
| | - Matthias Elstner
- Klinik für Neurologie, Klinikum Ansbach, Ansbach, Deutschland.,TUM, München, Deutschland
| | | | - Markus Wagner
- Stiftung Deutsche Schlaganfall-Hilfe, Gütersloh, Deutschland
| | - Andreas Meisel
- Centrum für Schlaganfallforschung Berlin und Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Deutschland
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5
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Xu M, Kopajtich R, Elstner M, Li H, Liu Z, Wang J, Prokisch H, Fang F. Identification of a novel m.3955G > A variant in MT-ND1 associated with Leigh syndrome. Mitochondrion 2021; 62:13-23. [PMID: 34656796 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Leigh syndrome (LS) is one of the most common mitochondrial diseases in children, for which at least 90 causative genes have been identified. However, many LS patients have no genetic diagnosis, indicating that more disease-related genes remain to be identified. In this study, we identified a novel variant, m.3955G > A, in mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 1 (MT-ND1) in two unrelated LS patients, manifesting as infancy-onset frequent seizures, neurodegeneration, elevated lactate levels, and bilateral symmetrical lesions in the brainstem, basal ganglia, and thalamus. Transfer of the mutant mtDNA with m.3955G > A into cybrids disturbed the MT-ND1 expression and CI assembly, followed by remarkable mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species production, and mitochondrial membrane potential reduction. Our findings demonstrated the pathogenicity of the novel m.3955G > A variant, and extend the spectrum of pathogenic mtDNA variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manting Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Robert Kopajtich
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich 85764, Germany
| | - Matthias Elstner
- Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Zhimei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich 85764, Germany
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China.
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Elstner M, Olszewski K, Prokisch H, Klopstock T, Murgia M. Multi-Omics Approach to Mitochondrial DNA Damage in Human Muscle Fibers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011080. [PMID: 34681740 PMCID: PMC8537949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA deletions affect energy metabolism at tissue-specific and cell-specific threshold levels, but the pathophysiological mechanisms determining cell fate remain poorly understood. Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) is caused by mtDNA deletions and characterized by a mosaic distribution of muscle fibers with defective cytochrome oxidase (COX) activity, interspersed among fibers with retained functional respiratory chain. We used diagnostic histochemistry to distinguish COX-negative from COX-positive fibers in nine muscle biopsies from CPEO patients and performed laser capture microdissection (LCM) coupled to genome-wide gene expression analysis. To gain molecular insight into the pathogenesis, we applied network and pathway analysis to highlight molecular differences of the COX-positive and COX-negative fiber transcriptome. We then integrated our results with proteomics data that we previously obtained comparing COX-positive and COX-negative fiber sections from three other patients. By virtue of the combination of LCM and a multi-omics approach, we here provide a comprehensive resource to tackle the pathogenic changes leading to progressive respiratory chain deficiency and disease in mitochondrial deletion syndromes. Our data show that COX-negative fibers upregulate transcripts involved in translational elongation and protein synthesis. Furthermore, based on functional annotation analysis, we find that mitochondrial transcripts are the most enriched among those with significantly different expression between COX-positive and COX-negative fibers, indicating that our unbiased large-scale approach resolves the core of the pathogenic changes. Further enrichments include transcripts encoding LIM domain proteins, ubiquitin ligases, proteins involved in RNA turnover, and, interestingly, cell cycle arrest and cell death. These pathways may thus have a functional association to the molecular pathogenesis of the disease. Overall, the transcriptome and proteome show a low degree of correlation in CPEO patients, suggesting a relevant contribution of post-transcriptional mechanisms in shaping this disease phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Elstner
- Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Konrad Olszewski
- Center for Addictive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany;
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81675 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Marta Murgia
- Department of Proteomics a Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82352 Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Ban R, Liu Z, Shimura M, Tong X, Wang J, Yang L, Xu M, Xiao J, Murayama K, Elstner M, Prokisch H, Fang F. Biallelic COA7-Variants Leading to Developmental Regression With Progressive Spasticity and Brain Atrophy in a Chinese Patient. Front Genet 2021; 12:685035. [PMID: 34322155 PMCID: PMC8312223 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.685035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 7 (COA7) gene encodes a protein localized to mitochondria that is involved in the assembly of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV. Here, we report the clinical, genetic and biochemical analysis of a female patient with suspected mitochondrial disorder and novel variants in COA7, that presented with a considerably different phenotype and age of onset than the five COA7 patients reported to date. Methods We performed trio-exome sequencing in the affected patient and both parents. To verify the pathogenicity of the detected variants in COA7, mitochondrial enzyme activities and oxygen consumption rate were investigated in fibroblasts of the patient and her parents. Results A Chinese girl was referred at 9 months of age with a history of developmental delay and regression since 3 months of age. In the following months, she lost previously acquired skills and developed progressive spasticity of the lower extremities. Trio-exome sequencing revealed compound heterzygous variants in COA7 (c.511G > A/p.Ala171Thr and c.566A > G/p.Asn189Ser). Functional validation experiments revealed isolated complex IV deficiency and a significantly reduced mitochondrial respiration rate in patient-derived fibroblasts. Interpretation Hitherto, characteristic features of COA7 patients were described as slowly progressing neuropathy and spinocerebellar ataxia, starting at the toddler age and progressing into adulthood. In contrast, our patient was reported to show developmental delay from 3 months of age, which was found to be due to a rapidly progressive encephalopathy and brain atrophy seen at 9 months of age. Unexpectedly, the genetic investigation revealed a COA7-associated mitochondrial disease, which was confirmed functionally. Thus, this report broadens the genetic and clinical spectrum of this heterogeneous mitochondriopathy and highlights the value of the presented unbiased approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ban
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Zhimei Liu
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Masaru Shimura
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Xiao Tong
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Manting Xu
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing New Century International Children's Hospital, Beijing China
| | - Kei Murayama
- Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Matthias Elstner
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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8
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Xu M, Kopajtich R, Elstner M, Wang Z, Liu Z, Wang J, Prokisch H, Fang F. Identification of a Novel Variant in MT-CO3 Causing MELAS. Front Genet 2021; 12:638749. [PMID: 34054915 PMCID: PMC8153374 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.638749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is a maternally inherited mitochondrial disease. Most cases of MELAS are caused by the m.3243A > G variant in the MT-TL1 gene encoding tRNALeu(UUR). However, the genetic cause in 10% of patients with MELAS is unknown. We investigated the pathogenicity of the novel mtDNA variant m.9396G > A/MT-CO3 (p.E64K), which affects an extremely conserved amino acid in the CO3 subunit of mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complex IV (CIV) in a patient with MELAS. Biochemical assays of a muscle biopsy confirmed remarkable CIV deficiency, and pathological examination showed ragged red fibers and generalized COX non-reactive muscle fibers. Transfer of the mutant mtDNA into cybrids impaired CIV assembly, followed by remarkable mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production. Our findings highlight the pathogenicity of a novel m.9396G > A variant and extend the spectrum of pathogenic mtDNA variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manting Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Kopajtich
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Elstner
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
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9
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Liu Z, Zhang L, Ren C, Xu M, Li S, Ban R, Wu Y, Chen L, Sun S, Elstner M, Shimura M, Ogawa-Tominaga M, Murayama K, Shi T, Prokisch H, Fang F. Whole genome and exome sequencing identify NDUFV2 mutations as a new cause of progressive cavitating leukoencephalopathy. J Med Genet 2021; 59:351-357. [PMID: 33811136 PMCID: PMC8961761 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-107383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Progressive cavitating leukoencephalopathy (PCL) is thought to result from mutations in nuclear genes affecting mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. To date, mutations in two subunits of complex I, NDUFS1 and NDUFV1, have been reported to be related to PCL. Methods Patients underwent clinical examinations, brain MRI, skin biopsy and muscle biopsy. Whole-genome or whole-exome sequencing was performed on the index patients from two unrelated families with PCL. The effects of the mutations were examined through complementation of the NDUFV2 mutation by cDNA expression. Results The common clinical features of the patients in this study were recurring episodes of acute or subacute developmental regression that appeared in the first years of life, followed by gradual remissions and prolonged periods of stability. MRI showed leukoencephalopathy with multiple cavities. Three novel NDUFV2 missense mutations were identified in these families. Complex I deficiency was confirmed in affected individuals’ fibroblasts and a muscle biopsy. Functional and structural analyses revealed that these mutations affect the structural stability and function of the NDUFV2 protein, indicating that defective NDUFV2 function is responsible for the phenotypes in these individuals. Conclusions Here, we report the clinical presentations, neuroimaging and molecular and functional analyses of novel mutations in NDUFV2 in two sibling pairs of two Chinese families presenting with PCL. We hereby expand the knowledge on the clinical phenotypes associated with mutations in NDUFV2 and the genotypes causative for PCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science - MOE, School of Statistics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhong Ren
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Manting Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Shufang Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Ban
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Suzhen Sun
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Matthias Elstner
- Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Masaru Shimura
- Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Minako Ogawa-Tominaga
- Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kei Murayama
- Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tieliu Shi
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China .,Key Laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science - MOE, School of Statistics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China .,Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
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10
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Hourahine B, Aradi B, Blum V, Bonafé F, Buccheri A, Camacho C, Cevallos C, Deshaye MY, Dumitrică T, Dominguez A, Ehlert S, Elstner M, van der Heide T, Hermann J, Irle S, Kranz JJ, Köhler C, Kowalczyk T, Kubař T, Lee IS, Lutsker V, Maurer RJ, Min SK, Mitchell I, Negre C, Niehaus TA, Niklasson AMN, Page AJ, Pecchia A, Penazzi G, Persson MP, Řezáč J, Sánchez CG, Sternberg M, Stöhr M, Stuckenberg F, Tkatchenko A, Yu VWZ, Frauenheim T. DFTB+, a software package for efficient approximate density functional theory based atomistic simulations. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:124101. [PMID: 32241125 DOI: 10.1063/1.5143190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DFTB+ is a versatile community developed open source software package offering fast and efficient methods for carrying out atomistic quantum mechanical simulations. By implementing various methods approximating density functional theory (DFT), such as the density functional based tight binding (DFTB) and the extended tight binding method, it enables simulations of large systems and long timescales with reasonable accuracy while being considerably faster for typical simulations than the respective ab initio methods. Based on the DFTB framework, it additionally offers approximated versions of various DFT extensions including hybrid functionals, time dependent formalism for treating excited systems, electron transport using non-equilibrium Green's functions, and many more. DFTB+ can be used as a user-friendly standalone application in addition to being embedded into other software packages as a library or acting as a calculation-server accessed by socket communication. We give an overview of the recently developed capabilities of the DFTB+ code, demonstrating with a few use case examples, discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the various features, and also discuss on-going developments and possible future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hourahine
- SUPA, Department of Physics, The University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - B Aradi
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - V Blum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - F Bonafé
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Buccheri
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - C Camacho
- School of Chemistry, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - C Cevallos
- School of Chemistry, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - M Y Deshaye
- Department of Chemistry and Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Center, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, USA
| | - T Dumitrică
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Dominguez
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - S Ehlert
- University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Elstner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T van der Heide
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - J Hermann
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Irle
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J J Kranz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Köhler
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - T Kowalczyk
- Department of Chemistry and Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Center, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, USA
| | - T Kubař
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - I S Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - V Lutsker
- Institut I - Theoretische Physik, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - R J Maurer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - S K Min
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - I Mitchell
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - C Negre
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T A Niehaus
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A M N Niklasson
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A J Page
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - A Pecchia
- CNR-ISMN, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Rome, Italy
| | - G Penazzi
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - M P Persson
- Dassault Systemes, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J Řezáč
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C G Sánchez
- Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - M Sternberg
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Stöhr
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - F Stuckenberg
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - A Tkatchenko
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - V W-Z Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - T Frauenheim
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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11
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Jahn K, Saul AK, Elstner M, Sapa K, Kellerer S. Vestibular rehabilitation therapy and Nintendo Wii balance board training both improve postural control in bilateral vestibulopathy. J Neurol 2018; 265:70-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-8882-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Khundakar AA, Hanson PS, Erskine D, Lax NZ, Roscamp J, Karyka E, Tsefou E, Singh P, Cockell SJ, Gribben A, Ramsay L, Blain PG, Mosimann UP, Lett DJ, Elstner M, Turnbull DM, Xiang CC, Brownstein MJ, O'Brien JT, Taylor JP, Attems J, Thomas AJ, McKeith IG, Morris CM. Analysis of primary visual cortex in dementia with Lewy bodies indicates GABAergic involvement associated with recurrent complex visual hallucinations. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2016; 4:66. [PMID: 27357212 PMCID: PMC4928325 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-016-0334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) patients frequently experience well formed recurrent complex visual hallucinations (RCVH). This is associated with reduced blood flow or hypometabolism on imaging of the primary visual cortex. To understand these associations in DLB we used pathological and biochemical analysis of the primary visual cortex to identify changes that could underpin RCVH. Alpha-synuclein or neurofibrillary tangle pathology in primary visual cortex was essentially absent. Neurone density or volume within the primary visual cortex in DLB was also unchanged using unbiased stereology. Microarray analysis, however, demonstrated changes in neuropeptide gene expression and other markers, indicating altered GABAergic neuronal function. Calcium binding protein and GAD65/67 immunohistochemistry showed preserved interneurone populations indicating possible interneurone dysfunction. This was demonstrated by loss of post synaptic GABA receptor markers including gephyrin, GABARAP, and Kif5A, indicating reduced GABAergic synaptic activity. Glutamatergic neuronal signalling was also altered with vesicular glutamate transporter protein and PSD-95 expression being reduced. Changes to the primary visual cortex in DLB indicate that reduced GABAergic transmission may contribute to RCVH in DLB and treatment using targeted GABAergic modulation or similar approaches using glutamatergic modification may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Khundakar
- Edwardson Building, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Peter S Hanson
- Medical Toxicology Centre, Newcastle University, Wolfson Building, Claremont Place, Newcastle, NE2 4AA, UK
| | - Daniel Erskine
- Edwardson Building, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
- Medical Toxicology Centre, Newcastle University, Wolfson Building, Claremont Place, Newcastle, NE2 4AA, UK
| | - Nichola Z Lax
- Edwardson Building, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Joseph Roscamp
- Medical Toxicology Centre, Newcastle University, Wolfson Building, Claremont Place, Newcastle, NE2 4AA, UK
| | - Evangelia Karyka
- Medical Toxicology Centre, Newcastle University, Wolfson Building, Claremont Place, Newcastle, NE2 4AA, UK
| | - Eliona Tsefou
- Medical Toxicology Centre, Newcastle University, Wolfson Building, Claremont Place, Newcastle, NE2 4AA, UK
| | - Preeti Singh
- Medical Toxicology Centre, Newcastle University, Wolfson Building, Claremont Place, Newcastle, NE2 4AA, UK
| | - Simon J Cockell
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Newcastle University, Leech Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Andrew Gribben
- Medical Toxicology Centre, Newcastle University, Wolfson Building, Claremont Place, Newcastle, NE2 4AA, UK
| | - Lynne Ramsay
- Edwardson Building, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Peter G Blain
- Medical Toxicology Centre, Newcastle University, Wolfson Building, Claremont Place, Newcastle, NE2 4AA, UK
| | - Urs P Mosimann
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry, University Bern, CH 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Deborah J Lett
- Edwardson Building, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Matthias Elstner
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Academic Hospital Bogenhausen, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Douglass M Turnbull
- Edwardson Building, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Charles C Xiang
- Laboratory of Genetics at the National Institute of Mental Health/National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, MD20892, USA
| | - Michael J Brownstein
- Laboratory of Genetics at the National Institute of Mental Health/National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, MD20892, USA
| | - John T O'Brien
- Biomedical Research Building, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle University, Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 189, Level E4 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, UK
| | - John-Paul Taylor
- Biomedical Research Building, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle University, Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Johannes Attems
- Edwardson Building, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Alan J Thomas
- Biomedical Research Building, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle University, Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Ian G McKeith
- Biomedical Research Building, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle University, Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Christopher M Morris
- Edwardson Building, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK.
- Medical Toxicology Centre, Newcastle University, Wolfson Building, Claremont Place, Newcastle, NE2 4AA, UK.
- Laboratory of Genetics at the National Institute of Mental Health/National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, MD20892, USA.
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Brosel S, Laub C, Averdam A, Bender A, Elstner M. Molecular aging of the mammalian vestibular system. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 26:72-80. [PMID: 26739358 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dizziness and imbalance frequently affect the elderly and contribute to falls and frailty. In many geriatric patients, clinical testing uncovers a dysfunction of the vestibular system, but no specific etiology can be identified. Neuropathological studies have demonstrated age-related degeneration of peripheral and central vestibular neurons, but the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In contrast, recent studies into age-related hearing loss strongly implicate mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death of cochlear hair cells. While some data suggest that analogous biological pathomechanisms may underlie vestibular dysfunction, actual proof is missing. In this review, we summarize the available data on the molecular causes of vestibular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Brosel
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Department of Neurology, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Christoph Laub
- Department of Neurology with Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Averdam
- Department of Neurology with Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Bender
- Department of Neurology, Therapiezentrum Burgau, Kapuzinerstr.34, 89331 Burgau, Germany
| | - Matthias Elstner
- Department of Neurology with Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Academic Hospital Munich-Bogenhausen, Technical University of Munich, Englschalkingerstr. 77, 81925 Munich, Germany
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Elstner
- Institute
for Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr.
8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - A. Schiller
- Institute
for Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr.
8, 07743 Jena, Germany
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15
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Perier C, Bender A, García-Arumí E, Melià MJ, Bové J, Laub C, Klopstock T, Elstner M, Mounsey RB, Teismann P, Prolla T, Andreu AL, Vila M. Accumulation of mitochondrial DNA deletions within dopaminergic neurons triggers neuroprotective mechanisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 136:2369-78. [PMID: 23884809 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awt196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Acquired alterations in mitochondrial DNA are believed to play a pathogenic role in Parkinson's disease. In particular, accumulation of mitochondrial DNA deletions has been observed in substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons from patients with Parkinson's disease and aged individuals. Also, mutations in mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma result in multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions that can be associated with levodopa-responsive parkinsonism and severe substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurodegeneration. However, whether mitochondrial DNA deletions play a causative role in the demise of dopaminergic neurons remains unknown. Here we assessed the potential pathogenic effects of mitochondrial DNA deletions on the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system by using mutant mice possessing a proofreading-deficient form of mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma (POLGD257A), which results in a time-dependent accumulation of mitochondrial DNA deletions in several tissues, including the brain. In these animals, we assessed the occurrence of mitochondrial DNA deletions within individual substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons, by laser capture microdissection and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and determined the potential deleterious effects of such mitochondrial DNA alterations on mitochondrial function and dopaminergic neuronal integrity, by cytochrome c oxidase histochemistry and quantitative morphology. Nigral dopaminergic neurons from POLGD257A mice accumulate mitochondrial DNA deletions to a similar extent (∼40-60%) as patients with Parkinson's disease and aged individuals. Despite such high levels of mitochondrial DNA deletions, the majority of substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons from these animals did not exhibit mitochondrial dysfunction or degeneration. Only a few individual substantia nigra pars compacta neurons appeared as cytochrome c oxidase-negative, which exhibited higher levels of mitochondrial DNA deletions than cytochrome c oxidase-positive cells (60.38±3.92% versus 45.18±2.83%). Survival of dopaminergic neurons in POLGD257A mice was associated with increased mitochondrial DNA copy number, enhanced mitochondrial cristae network, improved mitochondrial respiration, decreased exacerbation of mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species, greater striatal dopamine levels and resistance to parkinsonian mitochondrial neurotoxins. These results indicate that primary accumulation of mitochondrial DNA deletions within substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons, at an extent similar to that observed in patients with Parkinson's disease, do not kill dopaminergic neurons but trigger neuroprotective compensatory mechanisms at a mitochondrial level that may account for the high pathogenic threshold of mitochondrial DNA deletions in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Perier
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute and Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.
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16
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Müller SK, Bender A, Laub C, Högen T, Schlaudraff F, Liss B, Klopstock T, Elstner M. Lewy body pathology is associated with mitochondrial DNA damage in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:2231-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Elstner M, Müller SK, Leidolt L, Laub C, Krieg L, Schlaudraff F, Liss B, Morris C, Turnbull DM, Masliah E, Prokisch H, Klopstock T, Bender A. Neuromelanin, neurotransmitter status and brainstem location determine the differential vulnerability of catecholaminergic neurons to mitochondrial DNA deletions. Mol Brain 2011; 4:43. [PMID: 22188897 PMCID: PMC3278372 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6606-4-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Deletions of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) accumulate to high levels in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) in normal aging and in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Human nigral neurons characteristically contain the pigment neuromelanin (NM), which is believed to alter the cellular redox-status. The impact of neuronal pigmentation, neurotransmitter status and brainstem location on the susceptibility to mtDNA damage remains unclear. We quantified mtDNA deletions (ΔmtDNA) in single pigmented and non-pigmented catecholaminergic, as well as non-catecholaminergic neurons of the human SNc, the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the locus coeruleus (LC), using laser capture microdissection and single-cell real-time PCR. Results In healthy aged individuals, ΔmtDNA levels were highest in pigmented catecholaminergic neurons (25.2 ± 14.9%), followed by non-pigmented catecholamergic (18.0 ± 11.2%) and non-catecholaminergic neurons (12.3 ± 12.3%; p < 0.001). Within the catecholaminergic population, ΔmtDNA levels were highest in dopaminergic neurons of the SNc (33.9 ± 21.6%) followed by dopaminergic neurons of the VTA (21.9 ± 12.3%) and noradrenergic neurons of the LC (11.1 ± 11.4%; p < 0.001). In PD patients, there was a trend to an elevated mutation load in surviving non-pigmented nigral neurons (27.13 ± 16.73) compared to age-matched controls (19.15 ± 11.06; p = 0.052), but levels where similar in pigmented nigral neurons of PD patients (41.62 ± 19.61) and controls (41.80 ± 22.62). Conclusions Catecholaminergic brainstem neurons are differentially susceptible to mtDNA damage. Pigmented dopaminergic neurons of the SNc show the highest ΔmtDNA levels, possibly explaining the exceptional vulnerability of the nigro-striatal system in PD and aging. Although loss of pigmented noradrenergic LC neurons also is an early feature of PD pathology, mtDNA levels are not elevated in this nucleus in healthy controls. Thus, ΔmtDNA are neither an inevitable consequence of catecholamine metabolism nor a universal explanation for the regional vulnerability seen in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Elstner
- Department of Neurology with Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Hartig M, Iuso A, Haack T, Kmiec T, Jurkiewicz E, Heim K, Roeber S, Tarabin V, Dusi S, Krajewska-Walasek M, Jozwiak S, Hempel M, Winkelmann J, Elstner M, Oexle K, Klopstock T, Mueller-Felber W, Gasser T, Trenkwalder C, Tiranti V, Kretzschmar H, Schmitz G, Strom T, Meitinger T, Prokisch H. Absence of an orphan mitochondrial protein, c19orf12, causes a distinct clinical subtype of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation. Am J Hum Genet 2011; 89:543-50. [PMID: 21981780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The disease classification neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) comprises a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of progressive neurodegenerative disorders characterized by brain iron deposits in the basal ganglia. For about half of the cases, the molecular basis is currently unknown. We used homozygosity mapping followed by candidate gene sequencing to identify a homozygous 11 bp deletion in the orphan gene C19orf12. Mutation screening of 23 ideopathic NBIA index cases revealed two mutated alleles in 18 of them, and one loss-of-function mutation is the most prevalent. We also identified compound heterozygous missense mutations in a case initially diagnosed with Parkinson disease at age 49. Psychiatric signs, optic atrophy, and motor axonal neuropathy were common findings. Compared to the most prevalent NBIA subtype, pantothenate kinase associated neurodegeneration (PKAN), individuals with two C19orf12 mutations were older at age of onset and the disease progressed more slowly. A polyclonal antibody against the predicted membrane spanning protein showed a mitochondrial localization. A histopathological examination in a single autopsy case detected Lewy bodies, tangles, spheroids, and tau pathology. The mitochondrial localization together with the immunohistopathological findings suggests a pathomechanistic overlap with common forms of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Abstract
The supplementation of creatine has shown a marked neuroprotective effect in mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). This has been assigned to the known bioenergetic, anti-apoptotic, anti-excitotoxic and anti-oxidant properties of creatine. As aging and neurodegeneration share pathophysiological pathways, we investigated the effect of oral creatine supplementation on aging in 162 aged wild-type C57Bl/6J mice. The median healthy life span of creatine-fed mice was 9% higher than in their control littermates, and they performed significantly better in neurobehavioral tests. In brains of creatine-treated mice, there was a trend toward a reduction of reactive oxygen species and significantly lower accumulation of the "aging pigment" lipofuscin. Expression profiling showed an upregulation of genes implicated in neuronal growth, neuroprotection, and learning. These data showed that creatine improves health and longevity in mice. Creatine may, therefore, be a promising food supplement to promote healthy human aging. However, the strong neuroprotective effects in animal studies of creatine have not been reproduced in human clinical trials (that have been conducted in Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). The reasons for this translational gap are discussed. One obvious cause seems to be that all previous human studies may have been underpowered. Large phase III trials over long time periods are currently being conducted for Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, and will possibly solve this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Klopstock
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, University of Munich, Ziemssenstrasse 1, Munich, Germany.
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Frauenheim T, Porezag D, Elstner M, Jungnickel G, Elsner J, Haugk M, Sieck A, Seifert G. An ab initio two-center tight-binding approach to simulations of complex materials properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-491-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTWe describe theab initioconstruction of two-center tight-binding (TB) hamiltonians, which at a properly chosen input density upon non-selfconsistent solution of the related Kohn-Sham equations transform the energy within density-functional theory (DFT) into a tight-bindinglike expression. In cases, where the electron density of the interacting many-atom structure in good approximation may be represented as a sum of atomic-like densities, the method has been shown to operate highly transferable, being particularly successful in determining the properties of low-energy silicon clusters, in predicting the structure and vibrational signatures of fullerene oligomers, amorphous carbons and carbon nitrides and in simulating elementary growth reactions on diamond surfaces. The uncertainties within the standard non-SCF DF-TB-variant, however, increase if the chemical bonding is controlled by a delicate charge balance between different atomic constituents, as e.g. in organic molecules and in polar semiconductors. Therefore, we extend the standard TB-approach to the operation in a selfconsistent-charge mode(SCC-DFTB)in order to improve total energies, forces, and transferability in the presence of considerable long-range Coulomb interactions. By using a variational technique, we derive a transparent and readily calculable expression for the iterative modification of Hamiltonian matrix elements and show, that the final energy is a second order approximation to the total energy in density-functional theory,see M. Elstner et al., this Symposium.First successful applications to surface studies of GaAs and dislocation modeling in GaN will be presented.
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Elstner M, Porezag D, Seifert G, Frauenheim T, Suhai S. Self Consistent-Charge Density-Functional Tight-Binding Method for Simulations of Biological Molecules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-538-541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWe apply a self-consistent charge tight-binding scheme to biomolecules. This method has been shown to give a reliable description of reaction energies, geometries and vibrational frequencies of small organic molecules. We discuss the performance of this method for model peptides and non-bonding interactions in biologically relevant molecular complexes. A comparison with semi-empirical methods and ab initio calculations will be given for DNA base pair H-bonding and stacking interactions.
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Elstner M, Porezag D, Jungnickel G, Frauenheim T, Suhai S, Seifert G. A Selfconsistent-Charge Density-Functional Tight-Binding Scheme. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-491-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTWe present an extension to the tight-binding (TB) approach to improve total energies, forces and transferability in the presence of considerable long-range Coulomb interactions. We derive an approximate energy expression in terms of charge density fluctuations δn at a reference (input) density n0, which is a second order approximation to the total energy expression in density functional theory (DFT). With the choice of n0 as a superposition of densities of neutral atomic fragments, we can define a repulsive potential as in standard TB theory, which is pairwise, short ranged and transferable. The zero order terms in the total energy expression are recoverd as the standard terms of our density-functional based tight-binding (DF-TB). For the second order terms, the charge density fluctuations δn are approximated by the total charge fluctuation Δqα at atom α, which is qualitatively estimated by employing the Mullikan charge analysis. Within this approximations the total energy expression contains new parameters, which are related to ab-intio DFT calculations. Finally, by introducing localized basis functions and applying the variational principle we arrive at the Hamilton matrix elements, wich themselves depend on the charge fluctuations and, therefore, the general eigenvalue problem has to be solved self-consistently. To obtain forces for efficient geometry relaxation and molecular-dyamics, we calculated analytical derivatives of the total energy with respect to the atomic sites. In order to demonstrate the strenghts of our self-consistent-charge tight-binding (SCC-TB), we calculated reaction energies, geometries and vibrational frequencies for a large set of molecules and compare the results to semi-empirical methods, density-functional calculations and experiment.
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Elstner M, Lichtner P, Schulte C, Gasser T, Meitinger T, Prokisch H, Turnbull DM. Reply. Ann Neurol 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.21967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Elstner M, Morris CM, Heim K, Lichtner P, Bender A, Mehta D, Schulte C, Sharma M, Hudson G, Goldwurm S, Giovanetti A, Zeviani M, Burn DJ, McKeith IG, Perry RH, Jaros E, Krüger R, Wichmann HE, Schreiber S, Campbell H, Wilson JF, Wright AF, Dunlop M, Pistis G, Toniolo D, Chinnery PF, Gasser T, Klopstock T, Meitinger T, Prokisch H, Turnbull DM. Single-cell expression profiling of dopaminergic neurons combined with association analysis identifies pyridoxal kinase as Parkinson's disease gene. Ann Neurol 2010; 66:792-8. [PMID: 20035503 DOI: 10.1002/ana.21780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The etiology of Parkinson disease (PD) is complex and multifactorial, with hereditary and environmental factors contributing. Monogenic forms have provided molecular clues to disease mechanisms but genetic modifiers of idiopathic PD are still to be determined. METHODS We carried out whole-genome expression profiling of isolated human substantia nigra (SN) neurons from patients with PD vs. controls followed by association analysis of tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in differentially regulated genes. Association was investigated in a German PD sample and confirmed in Italian and British cohorts. RESULTS We identified four differentially expressed genes located in PD candidate pathways, ie, MTND2 (mitochondrial, p = 7.14 x 10(-7)), PDXK (vitamin B6/dopamine metabolism, p = 3.27 x 10(-6)), SRGAP3 (axon guidance, p = 5.65 x 10(-6)), and TRAPPC4 (vesicle transport, p = 5.81 x 10(-6)). We identified a DNA variant (rs2010795) in PDXK associated with an increased risk of PD in the German cohort (p = 0.00032). This association was confirmed in the British (p = 0.028) and Italian (p = 0.0025) cohorts individually and reached a combined value of p = 1.2 x 10(-7) (odds ratio [OR], 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-1.44). INTERPRETATION We provide an example of how microgenomic genome-wide expression studies in combination with association analysis can aid to identify genetic modifiers in neurodegenerative disorders. The detection of a genetic variant in PDXK, together with evidence accumulating from clinical studies, emphasize the impact of vitamin B6 status and metabolism on disease risk and therapy in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Elstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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Elstner M. Combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical methods to study chemical events in complex biological environments. Chem Cent J 2009. [DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-3-s1-o21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Elstner M, Linn J, Müller-Schunk S, Straube A. Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome: A Complicated Clinical Course Treated with Intra-Arterial Application of Nimodipine. Cephalalgia 2009; 29:677-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2008.01768.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thunderclap headache (TCH) is a neurological emergency that warrants immediate and comprehensive diagnostic determination. When no pathology can be identified the condition is classified as primary TCH, which is considered benign and self-limiting. TCH has also been reported as the initial symptom of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS), which subsumes a variety of conditions, inconsistently coined Call-Flemming syndrome, benign angiopathy of the central nervous system, drug-induced arteritis, or migrainous vasospasm. Serious complications such as borderline ischaemic stroke have been reported. Although no standardized treatment regime exists, one commonly described but unproven therapy is parenteral or oral application of the calcium channel blocker nimodipine. Here, we report on a case of RCVS, where a progressive course prompted intra-arterial application of nimodipine, which resolved vasoconstriction immediately. We discuss the use of intra-arterial nimodipine application as a potential emergency treatment for a complicated or treatment-refractory course of RCVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elstner
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - J Linn
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - S Müller-Schunk
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - A Straube
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
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Gutiérrez R, Caetano RA, Woiczikowski BP, Kubar T, Elstner M, Cuniberti G. Charge transport through biomolecular wires in a solvent: bridging molecular dynamics and model Hamiltonian approaches. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:208102. [PMID: 19519078 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.208102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present a hybrid method based on a combination of classical molecular dynamics simulations, quantum-chemical calculations, and a model Hamiltonian approach to describe charge transport through biomolecular wires with variable lengths in presence of a solvent. The core of our approach consists in a mapping of the biomolecular electronic structure, as obtained from density-functional based tight-binding calculations of molecular structures along molecular dynamics trajectories, onto a low-dimensional model Hamiltonian including the coupling to a dissipative bosonic environment. The latter encodes fluctuation effects arising from the solvent and from the molecular conformational dynamics. We apply this approach to the case of pG-pC and pA-pT DNA oligomers as paradigmatic cases and show that the DNA conformational fluctuations are essential in determining and supporting charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gutiérrez
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, D-01062, Dresden, Germany
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Bender A, Samtleben W, Elstner M, Klopstock T. Long-term creatine supplementation is safe in aged patients with Parkinson disease. Nutr Res 2009; 28:172-8. [PMID: 19083405 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2008.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2007] [Revised: 01/09/2008] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The food supplement creatine (Cr) is widely used by athletes as a natural ergogenic compound. It has also been increasingly tested in neurodegenerative diseases as a potential neuroprotective agent. Weight gain is the most common side effect of Cr, but sporadic reports about the impairment of renal function cause the most concerns with regard to its long-term use. Data from randomized controlled trials on renal function in Cr-supplemented patients are scarce and apply mainly to healthy young athletes. We systematically evaluated potential side effects of Cr with a special focus on renal function in aged patients with Parkinson disease as well as its current use in clinical medical research. Sixty patients with Parkinson disease received either oral Cr (n = 40) or placebo (n = 20) with a dose of 4 g/d for a period of 2 years. Possible side effects as indicated by a broad range of laboratory blood and urine tests were evaluated during 6 follow-up study visits. Overall, Cr was well tolerated. Main side effects were gastrointestinal complaints. Although serum creatinine levels increased in Cr patients because of the degradation of Cr, all other markers of tubular or glomerular renal function, especially cystatin C, remained normal, indicating unaltered kidney function. The data in this trial provide a thorough analysis and give a detailed overview about the safety profile of Cr in older age patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bender
- Department of Neurology, University of Munich-Klinikum Grosshadern, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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Abstract
Defining the mitochondrial proteome is a prerequisite for fully understanding the organelles function as well as mechanisms underlying mitochondrial pathology. The core functions of mitochondria include oxidative phosphorylation, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and ion homeostasis. In addition to these well-known functions, many crucial properties in cell signaling, cell differentiation and cell death are only now being elucidated, and with them the proteins involved. With the wealth of information arriving from single protein studies and sophisticated genome-wide approaches, MitoP2 was designed and is maintained to consolidate knowledge on mitochondrial proteins in one comprehensive database, thus making all pertinent data readily accessible (http://www.mitop2.de). Although the identification of the human mitochondrial proteome is ultimately the prime objective, integration of other species includes Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mouse, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Neurospora crassa so orthology between these species can be interrogated. Data from genome-wide studies can be individually retrieved and are also processed by a support vector machine (SVM) to generate a score that indicates the likelihood of a candidate protein having a mitochondrial location. Manually validated proteins constitute the reference set of the database that contains over 590 yeast, 920 human, and 1020 mouse entries, and that is used for benchmarking the SVM score. Multiple search options allow for the interrogation of the reference set, candidates, disease related proteins, chromosome locations as well as availability of mouse models. Taken together, MitoP2 is a valuable tool for basic scientists, geneticists, and clinicians who are investigating mitochondrial physiology and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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31
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Elstner M, Schmidt C, Zingler V, Prokisch H, Bettecken T, Elson J, Rudolph G, Bender A, Halmagyi G, Brandt T, Strupp M, Klopstock T. Mitochondrial 12S rRNA susceptibility mutations in aminoglycoside-associated and idiopathic bilateral vestibulopathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 377:379-383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.09.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 09/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bender A, Schwarzkopf RM, McMillan A, Krishnan KJ, Rieder G, Neumann M, Elstner M, Turnbull DM, Klopstock T. Dopaminergic midbrain neurons are the prime target for mitochondrial DNA deletions. J Neurol 2008; 255:1231-5. [PMID: 18604467 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-008-0892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2007] [Revised: 01/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a consistent finding in neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's (AD) or Parkinson's disease (PD) but also in normal human brain aging. In addition to respiratory chain defects, damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been repeatedly reported in brains from AD and PD patients. Most studies though failed to detect biologically significant point mutation or deletion levels in brain homogenate. By employing quantitative single cell techniques, we were recently able to show significantly high levels of mtDNA deletions in dopaminergic substantia nigra (SN) neurons from PD patients and age-matched controls. In the present study we used the same approach to quantify the levels of mtDNA deletions in single cells from three different brain regions (putamen, frontal cortex, SN) of patients with AD (n = 9) as compared to age-matched controls (n = 8). There were no significant differences between patients and controls in either region but in both groups the deletion load was markedly higher in dopaminergic SN neurons than in putamen or frontal cortex (p < 0.01; ANOVA). This data shows that there is a specific susceptibility of dopaminergic SN neurons to accumulate substantial amounts of mtDNA deletions, regardless of the underlying clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bender
- Dept. of Neurology, Mitochondrial Neurogenetics, University of Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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Abstract
A patient with proven borrelial infection of the central nervous system (CNS) and progressive weakness of the arms was treated with antibiotics. Although the initially elevated CXCL13 concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid decreased, indicating effective treatment of the infection, weakness progressed. Investigation revealed multiple nerve conduction blocks and the presence of GM1 antibodies, suggesting a multifocal motor neuropathy; the patient improved on treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins. This report of an autoimmune-mediated polyneuropathy in a patient with borrelial CNS infection indicates that such patients might respond to immunomodulatory therapy if antibiotic treatment is not effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A Rupprecht
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Abstract
We report a 57-year-old female with a history of migraine without aura in her early adulthood who complained about new migraine attacks after being free of them for 30 years. As a possible trigger, an intracranial metastasis of a thyroid cancer was found which also caused elevated serum prolactin. The mechanism of a para- or endocrinal effect of the tumour is discussed, showing the relevance of intracranial tumours as a human headache model. The recurrence of a primary headache syndrome after long latency should result in the exclusion of a pathological cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Schankin
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum der Universität München-Grosshadern, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, München, Deutschland.
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Brown AE, Elstner M, Yeaman SJ, Turnbull DM, Walker M. Does impaired mitochondrial function affect insulin signaling and action in cultured human skeletal muscle cells? Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008; 294:E97-102. [PMID: 17957036 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00267.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-resistant type 2 diabetic patients have been reported to have impaired skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory function. A key question is whether decreased mitochondrial respiration contributes directly to the decreased insulin action. To address this, a model of impaired cellular respiratory function was established by incubating human skeletal muscle cell cultures with the mitochondrial inhibitor sodium azide and examining the effects on insulin action. Incubation of human skeletal muscle cells with 50 and 75 microM azide resulted in 48 +/- 3% and 56 +/- 1% decreases, respectively, in respiration compared with untreated cells mimicking the level of impairment seen in type 2 diabetes. Under conditions of decreased respiratory chain function, insulin-independent (basal) glucose uptake was significantly increased. Basal glucose uptake was 325 +/- 39 pmol/min/mg (mean +/- SE) in untreated cells. This increased to 669 +/- 69 and 823 +/- 83 pmol/min/mg in cells treated with 50 and 75 microM azide, respectively (vs. untreated, both P < 0.0001). Azide treatment was also accompanied by an increase in basal glycogen synthesis and phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase. However, there was no decrease in glucose uptake following insulin exposure, and insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt was normal under these conditions. GLUT1 mRNA expression remained unchanged, whereas GLUT4 mRNA expression increased following azide treatment. In conclusion, under conditions of impaired mitochondrial respiration there was no evidence of impaired insulin signaling or glucose uptake following insulin exposure in this model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey E Brown
- School of Clinical Medical Sciences, Univ. of Newcastle Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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Oakley AE, Collingwood JF, Dobson J, Love G, Perrott HR, Edwardson JA, Elstner M, Morris CM. Individual dopaminergic neurons show raised iron levels in Parkinson disease. Neurology 2007; 68:1820-5. [PMID: 17515544 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000262033.01945.9a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence suggests that abnormal iron metabolism is associated with Parkinson disease (PD), with raised iron levels found in pathologically affected areas in PD. It is unknown if this elevated iron is actually associated with neurons or reactive glia, and we therefore addressed this issue by determining if raised iron was present in single dopaminergic neurons. METHODS We used unfixed frozen sections from postmortem tissue of PD patients and elderly normal individuals to avoid metal contamination and translocation. Levels of iron and other elements were measured using sensitive and specific wavelength dispersive electron probe x-ray microanalysis coupled with cathodoluminescence spectroscopy in individual substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. RESULTS We identified raised intraneuronal iron in single defined substantia nigra neurons in PD (mean neuronal iron 2,838 vs 1,611, p < 0.0001) but not in other movement disorders such as Huntington disease. These findings were unrelated to the density of remaining neurons. CONCLUSIONS Primary changes in neuronal iron could lead to neurodegeneration in Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Oakley
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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37
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Abstract
The approximate SCC-DFTB method (Elstner, M.; Porezag, D.; Jungnickel, G.; Elsner, J.; Haugk, M.; Frauenheim, Th.; Suhai, S.; Seifert, G. Phys. Rev. B 1998, 58, 7260) is derived from DFT by a second-order expansion of the total energy expression. In this article, basic approximations and assumptions underlying the DFTB method are discussed in detail, and further extensions to include third-order terms are proposed. Further, the SCC-DFTB and semiempirical NDDO formalisms are compared to elucidate similarities and differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elstner
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technical University of Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Breyer A, Elstner M, Gillessen T, Weiser D, Elstner E. Glutamate-induced cell death in neuronal HT22 cells is attenuated by extracts from St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.). Phytomedicine 2007; 14:250-5. [PMID: 17346956 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2007.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate-induced cell death of hippocampal HT22 cells is a model system for neuronal disorders due to depletion of glutathione levels and increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Standardized extracts of Hypericum perforatum (HPE) contain flavonoids known for antioxidative properties. In the above model, cytoprotective effects at a concentration of 0.05% HPE by attenuation of calcium fluxes and cellular energy statuses are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Breyer
- Institute of Phytopathology, Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Elstner M, Morris C, Metha D, Mader M, Klopstock T, Prokisch H, Turnbull D. Genexpressionsanalyse dopaminerger Zellen der Substantia nigra im Parkinson-Syndrom. Akt Neurol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-987907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bender A, Koch W, Elstner M, Schombacher Y, Bender J, Moeschl M, Gekeler F, Müller-Myhsok B, Gasser T, Tatsch K, Klopstock T. Creatine supplementation in Parkinson disease: a placebo-controlled randomized pilot trial. Neurology 2006; 67:1262-4. [PMID: 17030762 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000238518.34389.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a major role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD). Creatine (Cr) is an ergogenic compound that exerts neuroprotective effects in animal models of PD. We conducted a 2-year placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial on the effect of Cr in 60 patients with PD. Cr improved patient mood and led to a smaller dose increase of dopaminergic therapy but had no effect on overall Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores or dopamine transporter SPECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bender
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Grosshadern, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich, Germany
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41
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Pye D, Kyriakouli DS, Taylor GA, Johnson R, Elstner M, Meunier B, Chrzanowska-Lightowlers ZMA, Taylor RW, Turnbull DM, Lightowlers RN. Production of transmitochondrial cybrids containing naturally occurring pathogenic mtDNA variants. Nucleic Acids Res 2006; 34:e95. [PMID: 16885236 PMCID: PMC1540737 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkl516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) encodes polypeptides that are critical for coupling oxidative phosphorylation. Our detailed understanding of the molecular processes that mediate mitochondrial gene expression and the structure–function relationships of the OXPHOS components could be greatly improved if we were able to transfect mitochondria and manipulate mtDNA in vivo. Increasing our knowledge of this process is not merely of fundamental importance, as mutations of the mitochondrial genome are known to cause a spectrum of clinical disorders and have been implicated in more common neurodegenerative disease and the ageing process. In organellar or in vitro reconstitution studies have identified many factors central to the mechanisms of mitochondrial gene expression, but being able to investigate the molecular aetiology of a limited number of cell lines from patients harbouring mutated mtDNA has been enormously beneficial. In the absence of a mechanism for manipulating mtDNA, a much larger pool of pathogenic mtDNA mutations would increase our knowledge of mitochondrial gene expression. Colonic crypts from ageing individuals harbour mutated mtDNA. Here we show that by generating cytoplasts from colonocytes, standard fusion techniques can be used to transfer mtDNA into rapidly dividing immortalized cells and, thereby, respiratory-deficient transmitochondrial cybrids can be isolated. A simple screen identified clones that carried putative pathogenic mutations in MTRNR1, MTRNR2, MTCOI and MTND2, MTND4 and MTND6. This method can therefore be exploited to produce a library of cell lines carrying pathogenic human mtDNA for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Brigitte Meunier
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRSAvenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | | | - Robert N. Lightowlers
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +44 191 222 8028; Fax: +44 191 222 8553;
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König PH, Ghosh N, Hoffmann M, Elstner M, Tajkhorshid E, Frauenheim T, Cui Q. Toward theoretical analysis of long-range proton transfer kinetics in biomolecular pumps. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:548-63. [PMID: 16405327 PMCID: PMC2728601 DOI: 10.1021/jp052328q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Motivated by the long-term goal of theoretically analyzing long-range proton transfer (PT) kinetics in biomolecular pumps, researchers made a number of technical developments in the framework of quantum mechanics-molecular mechanics (QM/MM) simulations. A set of collective reaction coordinates is proposed for characterizing the progress of long-range proton transfers; unlike previous suggestions, the new coordinates can describe PT along highly nonlinear three-dimensional pathways. Calculations using a realistic model of carbonic anhydrase demonstrated that adiabatic mapping using these collective coordinates gives reliable energetics and critical geometrical parameters as compared to minimum energy path calculations, which suggests that the new coordinates can be effectively used as reaction coordinate in potential of mean force calculations for long-range PT in complex systems. In addition, the generalized solvent boundary potential was implemented in the QM/MM framework for rectangular geometries, which is useful for studying reactions in membrane systems. The resulting protocol was found to produce water structure in the interior of aquaporin consistent with previous studies including a much larger number of explicit solvent and lipid molecules. The effect of electrostatics for PT through a membrane protein was also illustrated with a simple model channel embedded in different dielectric continuum environments. The encouraging results observed so far suggest that robust theoretical analysis of long-range PT kinetics in biomolecular pumps can soon be realized in a QM/MM framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H König
- Theoretische Physik, Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
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43
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Elstner M, Bettecken T, Wasner M, Anneser F, Dichgans M, Meitinger T, Gasser T, Klopstock T. Familial carpal tunnel syndrome: further evidence for a genetic contribution. Clin Genet 2005; 69:179-82. [PMID: 16433699 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2006.00555.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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45
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Abstract
The assembly of small water clusters (H2O)n, n = 1-6, on a graphite surface is studied using a density functional tight-binding method complemented with an empirical van der Waals force correction, with confirmation using second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory. It is shown that the optimized geometry of the water hexamer may change its original structure to an isoenergy one when interacting with a graphite surface in some specific orientation, while the smaller water cluster will maintain its cyclic or linear configurations (for the water dimer). The binding energy of water clusters interacting with graphite is dependent on the number of water molecules that form hydrogen bonds, but is independent of the water cluster size. These physically adsorbed water clusters show little change in their IR peak position and leave an almost perfect graphite surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Lin
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Klopstock T, Elstner M, Lücking CB, Müller-Myhsok B, Gasser T, Botz E, Lichtner P, Hörtnagel K. Mutations in the pantothenate kinase gene PANK2 are not associated with Parkinson disease. Neurosci Lett 2005; 379:195-8. [PMID: 15843062 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2004] [Revised: 12/06/2004] [Accepted: 12/27/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) may serve as a model for Parkinson disease (PD) since many PKAN patients suffer from parkinsonism and both conditions lead to iron accumulation in the basal ganglia. We screened the gene coding for pantothenate kinase 2 (PANK2) for sequence variants in PD. We found no mutations in 67 PD patients with affected sibs or early-onset disease. Moreover, PANK2 polymorphisms were not associated with late-onset idiopathic PD in 339 patients. We conclude that PANK2 variants exert, if any, only a very small effect in the genetic risk of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Klopstock
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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Wanko M, Hoffmann M, Strodel P, Koslowski A, Thiel W, Neese F, Frauenheim T, Elstner M. Calculating Absorption Shifts for Retinal Proteins: Computational Challenges. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:3606-15. [PMID: 16851399 DOI: 10.1021/jp0463060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rhodopsins can modulate the optical properties of their chromophores over a wide range of wavelengths. The mechanism for this spectral tuning is based on the response of the retinal chromophore to external stress and the interaction with the charged, polar, and polarizable amino acids of the protein environment and is connected to its large change in dipole moment upon excitation, its large electronic polarizability, and its structural flexibility. In this work, we investigate the accuracy of computational approaches for modeling changes in absorption energies with respect to changes in geometry and applied external electric fields. We illustrate the high sensitivity of absorption energies on the ground-state structure of retinal, which varies significantly with the computational method used for geometry optimization. The response to external fields, in particular to point charges which model the protein environment in combined quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) applications, is a crucial feature, which is not properly represented by previously used methods, such as time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF), and Hartree-Fock (HF) or semiempirical configuration interaction singles (CIS). This is discussed in detail for bacteriorhodopsin (bR), a protein which blue-shifts retinal gas-phase excitation energy by about 0.5 eV. As a result of this study, we propose a procedure which combines structure optimization or molecular dynamics simulation using DFT methods with a semiempirical or ab initio multireference configuration interaction treatment of the excitation energies. Using a conventional QM/MM point charge representation of the protein environment, we obtain an absorption energy for bR of 2.34 eV. This result is already close to the experimental value of 2.18 eV, even without considering the effects of protein polarization, differential dispersion, and conformational sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wanko
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Paderborn, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany
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Abstract
Symptomatic aseptic, chemical meningitis is a rare complication of myelography. Its acute clinical course and standard laboratory findings are indistinguishable from those of bacterial meningitis. The authors present a case of severe postmyelographic chemical meningitis and compare CSF and serum inflammatory markers to a group of seven patients with proven bacterial meningitis. As in viral meningitis, procalcitonin might be able to discriminate between bacterial and chemical causes of CNS inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bender
- Department of Neurology, University of Munich, Klinikum Grosshadern, Germany.
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Jalkanen K, Elstner M, Suhai S. Amino acids and small peptides as building blocks for proteins: comparative theoretical and spectroscopic studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2003.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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