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He T, Priebe MG, Zhong Y, Huang C, Harmsen HJM, Raangs GC, Antoine JM, Welling GW, Vonk RJ. Effects of yogurt and bifidobacteria supplementation on the colonic microbiota in lactose-intolerant subjects. J Appl Microbiol 2007; 104:595-604. [PMID: 17927751 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03579.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Colonic metabolism of lactose may play a role in lactose intolerance. We investigated whether a 2-week supplementation of Bifidobacterium longum (in capsules) and a yogurt enriched with Bifidobacterium animalis could modify the composition and metabolic activities of the colonic microbiota in 11 Chinese lactose-intolerant subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS The numbers of total cells, total bacteria and the Eubacterium rectale/Clostridium coccoides group in faeces as measured with fluorescent in situ hybridization and the faecal beta-galactosidase activity increased significantly during supplementation. The number of Bifidobacterium showed a tendency to increase during and after supplementation. With PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, in subjects in which B. animalis and B. longum were not detected before supplementation, both strains were present in faeces during supplementation, but disappeared after supplementation. The degree of lactose digestion in the small intestine and the oro-caecal transit time were not different before and after supplementation, whereas symptom scores after lactose challenge decreased after supplementation. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that supplementation modifies the amount and metabolic activities of the colonic microbiota and alleviates symptoms in lactose-intolerant subjects. The changes in the colonic microbiota might be among the factors modified by the supplementation which lead to the alleviation of lactose intolerance. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study provides evidence for the possibility of managing lactose intolerance with dietary lactose (yogurt) and probiotics via modulating the colonic microbiota.
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Xu J, Zhong Y, Fan J, Zhou J, Zhou J, Qin L, Niu W, Wei Y, Ren L, Qin X, Wu Z. Five-year survival analysis of liver metastasis of colorectal cancer after hepatic resection. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.14571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
14571 Background: To evaluate the relation between hepatic resecion and survival rate of liver metastasis of colorectal cancer ( LMCC). Methods: Use retrograde case analysis method, 133 cases of LMCC received hepatic resection from 1/1/2000 to 31/12/2005 were included,with attention to the relation between hepatic resection and survival rate. Results: There were 133 cases underwent curative hepatic resection in all 470 LMCC cases, of which 30 cases (30/196,15.3%) in synchronous liver metastasis (SLM) group and 103 cases (103/274,37.6%) in metachronous liver metastasis (MLM) group, P<0.01. Mortality rate related to operation was 3.3%(1/30) in SLM and 1.9%(2/103) in MLM(P<0.05). Until 31/6/2006, all 133 cases were followed-up, 1,3,5 years survival rate and median survival time of SLM (81.0%, 40.3%, 16.5%, 22 months) is similar to that of MLM (88.2%, 49.1%, 31.7%, 25 months, P > 0.05), but the recurrence rate is higher(36.7% vs 20.4%,P=0.03). Compared to 49 cases whose liver metastases focus can be resected but chosen non- operative therapy, 1, 3, 5 years survival rate of 133 resected cases is higher (55.6%, 11.0%, 0 vs 86.2%, 39.2%, 29.4%, P=0.0034). In SLM, 22 cases received I stage resection of the primary colorectal tumor and liver metastasis and 8 cases received liver metastasis resection after the primary surgery (II stage operation). 1, 2, 3 years survival are 90.0% vs 87.5%(P > 0.05),61.4% vs 55.3%(P > 0.05)and 35.4% vs 30.0%(P > 0.05) and the median survival time is 28 months vs 26months(P > 0.05).COX multivariate analysis was used to analyze the prognositic factors. Incision margin =1cm(β=-0.8351,P=0.0363)and reoperation after recurrence(β=- 0.9428,P=0.0411)were protective survival factors, and postoperation recurrence (β=0.6471,P=0.0226) was survival risk factor. Conclusions: Curative hepatic resection is the first choice of liver metastasis of colorectal cancer and can improve survival. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Zhong Y, Jiang L, Hiai H, Toyokuni S, Yamada Y. Overexpression of a transcription factor LYL1 induces T- and B-cell lymphoma in mice. Oncogene 2007; 26:6937-47. [PMID: 17486074 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
LYL1, a member of the class II basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, is aberrantly expressed in a fraction of human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Here, we generated transgenic mice ubiquitously overexpressing LYL1 using a construct expressing full-length cDNA driven by a human elongation factor 1alpha promoter. Four independent lines exhibiting high LYL1 expression were established. Of these transgenic mice, 96% displayed loss of hair with a short kinked tail. Furthermore, 30% of them developed malignant lymphoma, with an average latent period of 352 days. In these mice, histological examination revealed tumor cell infiltration in multiple organs and immunohistochemical analysis showed that the infiltrated tumor cells were either CD3 or CD45R/B220-positive; fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis indicated that each tumor consisted either of mainly CD4, CD8 double-positive T cells or mature B cells; the clonality of LYL1-induced lymphoma was confirmed by T-cell receptor rearrangement and immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene rearrangement analyses. Mammalian two-hybrid analysis and luciferase assay suggested that excess LYL1 blocked the dimerization of E2A and thus inhibited the regulatory activity of E2A on the CD4 promoter. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results showed that the expression of certain E2A/HEB target genes was downregulated. Taken together, our results provide direct evidence that aberrant expression of LYL1 plays a role in lymphomagenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Western
- Cells, Cultured
- Dimerization
- Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte
- Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Immunoprecipitation
- Luciferases/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/etiology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/etiology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- T-Cell Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Protein 1
- Two-Hybrid System Techniques
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
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Yi JM, Chu YS, Zhong Y, Je JH, Hwu Y, Margaritondo G. X-ray bright-field imaging analyzes crystalline quality and defects of SiC wafers. J Appl Crystallogr 2007. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889806055683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A new variety of the recently developed technique `X-ray bright-field imaging' is presented. In its basic version, this approach simultaneously yields diffraction-based information on lattice distortions and radiographic information on structural inhomogeneities, and is based on the detection of reversed diffraction contrast in transmission images. The new version extends the scope of the technique to the quantitative analysis of crystalline quality parameters such as the lattice plane curvature and mosaic distribution in SiC wafers, and makes it possible to correlate such parameters directly with defect (distortions/inhomogeneities) structures.
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Zhong Y, Slade GD, Beck JD, Offenbacher S. Gingival crevicular fluid interleukin-1?, prostaglandin E2and periodontal status in a community population. J Clin Periodontol 2007; 34:285-93. [PMID: 17378884 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2007.01057.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) are key inflammatory mediators involved in periodontal disease. The purposes of this molecular cross-sectional epidemiological study were to investigate relationships in a community sample between mean concentrations of IL-1beta and PGE(2) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and (1) clinical periodontal signs and (2) risk factors of host inflammatory response and/or periodontal disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS The sample comprised 6277 community-dwelling adults aged 52-74 years enrolled in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. IL-1beta and PGE(2) concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Person-level summary variables were computed for maximum pocket depth (MaxPD), maximum clinical attachment level (MaxCAL) and presence/absence of bleeding on probing (BOP). Mean GCF IL-1beta and PGE(2) concentrations were dependent variables in multiple linear regression models with periodontal measures and covariates as explanatory variables. RESULTS Both GCF IL-1beta and PGE(2) were positively related to MaxPD and BOP in multiple regression models (p<0.01). Increased levels of IL-1beta and PGE(2) were associated with body mass index >or=30 kg/m(2). CONCLUSION Higher levels of GCF IL-1beta and PGE(2) were significantly associated with clinical signs of periodontal disease and independently related to patient-based anthropomorphic measures, behaviours and exposures in community-dwelling adults.
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256
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Patz T, Doraiswamy A, Narayan R, Menegazzo N, Kranz C, Mizaikoff B, Zhong Y, Bellamkonda R, Bumgardner J, Elder S, Walboomers X, Modi R, Chrisey D. Matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation of biomaterial thin films. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2006.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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257
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Zhong Y, Shirinzadeh B, Smith J. SOFT TISSUE DEFORMATION WITH NEURAL DYNAMICS FOR SURGERY SIMULATION. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.2316/journal.206.2007.1.206-1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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258
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Luan TG, Yu KSH, Zhong Y, Zhou HW, Lan CY, Tam NFY. Study of metabolites from the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by bacterial consortium enriched from mangrove sediments. CHEMOSPHERE 2006; 65:2289-96. [PMID: 16806399 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2005] [Revised: 04/23/2006] [Accepted: 05/10/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The PAH metabolites produced during degradation of fluorene, phenanthrene and pyrene by a bacterial consortium enriched from mangrove sediments were analyzed using the on-fiber silylation solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combining with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Seventeen metabolites at trace levels were identified in different PAH degradation cultures based on the full scan mass spectra. In fluorene degradation cultures, 1-, 2-, 3- and 9-hydroxyfluorene, fluorenone, and phthalic acid were detected. In phenanthrene and pyrene degradation cultures, various common metabolites such as phenanthrene and pyrene dihydrodiols, mono-hydroxy phenanthrene, dihydroxy pyrene, lactone and 4-hydroxyphenanthrene, methyl ester, and phthalic acid were found. The detection of various common and novel metabolites demonstrates that SPME combining with GC-MS is a quick and convenient method for identification as well as monitoring the real time changes of metabolite concentrations throughout the degradation processes. The knowledge of PAH metabolic pathways and kinetics within indigenous bacterial consortium enriched from mangrove sediments contributes to enhance the bioremediation efficiency of PAH in real environment.
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de Weerth A, Seitz U, Zhong Y, Groth S, Omar S, Papageorgiou C, Bohnacker S, Seewald S, Seifert H, Binmoeller KF, Thonke F, Soehendra N. Primary precutting versus conventional over-the-wire sphincterotomy for bile duct access: a prospective randomized study. Endoscopy 2006; 38:1235-40. [PMID: 17163325 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-944962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Precut is a well-known technique that is used if repeated attempts at common bile duct (CBD) cannulation fail. Opinions on the complication rate of precut are conflicting, however. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy and complication rate of precut used as a primary method of CBD access with the efficacy and safety of the conventional technique. PATIENTS AND METHODS During the 19-month study period, consecutive patients who were scheduled for first-time endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) for a variety of biliary disorders were randomized into two groups: patients in group A underwent conventional wire-guided biliary cannulation followed by ES (with precut being performed only when this failed); in patients in group B precut was used as a primary technique to gain biliary access, followed by wire-guided ES. We used a specially designed, modified Erlangen type of sphincterotome for precutting. RESULTS A total of 291 patients (100 men, 191 women; mean +/- SD age 65 +/- 17.5 years) were recruited: 146 patients were assigned to group A (conventional approach) and 145 to group B (primary precut approach). The indications for ES were comparable in the two groups. In group A, wire-guided cannulation of the CBD failed in 42 patients. Secondary precut was successful in 41 of these patients, leading to an overall success rate of 99.3 %. In group B, the ES success rate using primary precut was 100 % at the first attempt. The mean time to successful deep CBD cannulation was 8.3 +/- 2.1 minutes in group A and 6.9 +/- 1.8 minutes in group B ( P < 0.001). The incidence of mild to moderate pancreatitis was similar in the two groups (2.9 % in group A vs. 2.1 % in group B, P > 0.05). Mild bleeding occurred in only one patient (from group A) and this was controlled by epinephrine injection. None of the study patients developed severe pancreatitis or perforation. CONCLUSIONS In experienced hands, an approach using primary precut appears to be at least as successful and safe as a conventional approach using guide-wire-based CBD cannulation followed by ES, and might also be a quicker method.
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Seewald S, Ang TL, Omar S, Groth S, Dy F, Zhong Y, Seitz U, Thonke F, Yekebas E, Izbicki J, Soehendra N. Endoscopic mucosal resection of early esophageal squamous cell cancer using the Duette mucosectomy kit. Endoscopy 2006; 38:1029-31. [PMID: 17058169 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-944527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is a less invasive alternative treatment strategy to surgery for intramucosal esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This study described our initial experience with the newly introduced Duette Multiband Mucosectomy Kit (Cook Ireland Ltd, Limerick, Ireland) for the treatment of extensive early esophageal SCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Five patients with extensive early esophageal SCC, covering at least half of the circumference of the esophageal wall and measuring a mean of 2.8 cm longitudinally, underwent EMR after EUS staging. RESULTS EMR was successfully completed in one session in five patients. Post-EMR stricture occurred in four patients but was successfully treated with bougienage. One patient did not return for follow-up after bougienage and died from ischemic heart disease 3 months later. For the remaining four patients, there was no recurrence over a mean follow up of 14.7 months. CONCLUSION This new device obviates the need for repeated insertion of the endoscope during the process of ligation and resection and thus facilitates EMR of extensive SCC.
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261
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Li JT, Qiu JW, Wang XW, Zhong Y, Lan CY, Shu WS. Cadmium contamination in orchard soils and fruit trees and its potential health risk in Guangzhou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2006; 143:159-65. [PMID: 16377042 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2005] [Revised: 09/19/2005] [Accepted: 10/14/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examines cadmium (Cd) contamination in orchard soils and fruit trees in Guangzhou, China, and assesses its potential health risk. Soils and tissues samples of three species of fruit trees were collected from three orchards. The average soil Cd concentration was 1.27, 1.84 and 0.68 mg/kg in orchards I, II, and III, respectively. The carambola (Averrhoa carambola) accumulated exceptionally high concentrations of Cd (7.57, 10.84, 9.01 and 2.15 mg/kg dw in root, twig, leaf and fruit, respectively), being 6.0-24 times and 4.0-10 times the corresponding tissue Cd in the longan (Dimocarpus longan) and wampee (Clausena lansium), respectively. Furthermore, all Cd concentrations (0.04-0.25 mg Cd/kg fw) of the fruits exceeded the tolerance limit of cadmium in foods of PR China (0.03 mg/kg fw). Our results indicate that the carambola tree has high Cd accumulation capacity and might be a Cd accumulator; and its fruit, among the three species of fruits studied, also poses the highest potential health risk to local residents.
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262
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Pang L, Zhang XH, Zhong Y, Chen J, Li Y, Austin B. Identification of Vibrio harveyi using PCR amplification of the toxR gene. Lett Appl Microbiol 2006; 43:249-55. [PMID: 16910927 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2006.01962.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to develop an effective method for the identification of Vibrio harveyi based on using the toxR gene as a taxonomic marker. METHODS AND RESULTS Primers for the toxR gene were designed for specificity to V. harveyi, and incorporated in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results of the PCR, which took <5 h from DNA extraction to amplification, revealed positive amplification of the toxR gene fragment in 20 V. harveyi isolates including type strains, whereas DNA from 23 other Vibrionaceae type strains and 13 Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains were negative. The detection limit of the PCR was 4.0 x 10(3) cells ml(-1). In addition, the technique enabled the recognition of V. harveyi from diseased fish. CONCLUSIONS The PCR was specific and sensitive, enabling the identification of V. harveyi within 5 h. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The PCR allowed the rapid and sensitive detection of V. harveyi.
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263
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Chon KH, Zhong Y, Wang H, Ju K, Jan KM. Separation of heart rate variability components of the autonomic nervous system by utilizing principal dynamic modes. NONLINEAR DYNAMICS, PSYCHOLOGY, AND LIFE SCIENCES 2006; 10:163-85. [PMID: 16519864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This work introduces a modified Principal Dynamic Modes (PDM) methodology using eigenvalue/eigenvector analysis to separate individual components of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous contributions to heart rate variability. We have modified the PDM technique to be used with even a single output signal of heart rate variability data, whereas the original PDMs required both input and output data. This method specifically accounts for the inherent nonlinear dynamics of heart rate control, which the current method of power spectrum density (PSD) is unable to do. Propranolol and atropine were administered to normal human volunteers intravenously to inhibit the sympathetic and parasympathetic activities, respectively. With separate applications of the respective drugs, we found a significant decrease in the amplitude of the waveforms that correspond to each nervous activity. Furthermore, we observed near complete elimination of these dynamics when both drugs were given to the subjects. Comparison of our method to the conventional low/high frequency ratio of PSD shows that PDM methodology provides much more accurate assessment of the autonomic nervous balance by separation of individual components of the autonomic nervous activities. The PDM methodology is expected to have an added benefit that diagnosis and prognostication of a patient's health can be determined simply via a non-invasive electrocardiogram.
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264
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Duan H, Wang J, Huang Z, Zhong Y. Stress fields of a spheroidal inhomogeneity with an interphase in an infinite medium under remote loadings. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2004.1396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the elastostatic solution of the problem of an arbitrarily oriented spheroidal inhomogeneity with an interphase embedded in an infinite medium. The latter is under a remote axisymmetric loading. The complete solution of this problem requires three fundamental solutions, which are obtained by the Papkovich–Neuber displacement potentials and the expansion formulae for spheroidal harmonics. New displacement potentials are given when the remote loading is a longitudinal shear. The influence of the orientation and aspect ratio of the inhomogeneity, and of the remote stress ratio on the stress concentrations at the interfaces and the von Mises equivalent stress in the inhomogeneity, are studied. It is found that the interphase between the inhomogeneity and the surrounding medium significantly alters the stress distribution in, and around, the inhomogeneity. In addition to the general solution for an inhomogeneity with an interphase, the stress field exterior to a spheroidal inhomogeneity without an interphase (the Eshelby problem) is presented in a simple form. It is pointed out that the solution of a spheroidal inhomogeneity with an interphase in an infinite medium subjected to an arbitrary uniform eigenstrain, or a combination of a uniform eigenstrain and an arbitrary remote mechanical loading, can be obtained using the procedure developed in this paper.
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Imazu H, Seewald S, Omar S, Zhong Y, Soehendra N. Endoscopic treatment for portal hypertension: what's new in the last 12 months? Endoscopy 2005; 37:116-21. [PMID: 15692926 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-826148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Zhong Y, Banning AS, Cockayne DA, Ford APDW, Burnstock G, Mcmahon SB. Bladder and cutaneous sensory neurons of the rat express different functional P2X receptors. Neuroscience 2003; 120:667-75. [PMID: 12895508 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(03)00243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The expression and functional responses of P2X receptors in bladder and cutaneous sensory neurons of adult rats and mice have been studied using immunohistochemistry and patch clamp techniques. Cell bodies of bladder pelvic afferents were identified in L6 and S1 dorsal root ganglia (DRG), following Fast Blue injection into the muscle wall of the urinary bladder. Similarly, cutaneous sensory neurons were identified in L3 and L4 DRG, following Fast Blue injection into the saphenous nerve innervating the skin. Bladder sensory neurons contained only weak to moderate P2X(3)-immunoreactivity (IR), in contrast to strong P2X(3)-IR observed in a sub-population of cutaneous afferents. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed that approximately 90% of bladder afferent neurons responded to alpha beta-methylene ATP (alpha beta meATP) and ATP (30 microM) with persistent currents, which were inhibited by 2',3'-O-trinitrophenyl-ATP (TNP-ATP) (0.3 microM) to 6.4+/-1.9% and 8.0+/-2.6% of control, respectively (n=8). The remaining bladder sensory neurons demonstrated biphasic, transient or no response to P2X agonists. In contrast, only 24% of cutaneous afferent neurons gave persistent currents to alpha beta meATP (30 microM), with 66% of cells giving transient or biphasic currents and the remaining 10% being non-responsive. Our results suggest that, in contrast to DRG neurons in general, bladder sensory neurons projecting via pelvic nerves express predominantly P2X(2/3) heteromeric receptors, which are likely to mediate the important roles of ATP as a signaling molecule of urinary bladder filling and nociception.
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Elkin RG, Zhong Y, Porter RE, Walzem RL. Validation of a modified PCR-based method for identifying mutant restricted ovulator chickens: substantiation of genotypic classification by phenotypic traits. Poult Sci 2003; 82:517-25. [PMID: 12710468 DOI: 10.1093/ps/82.4.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon photostimulation, restricted ovulator (RO) female chickens exhibit endogenous hyperlipidemia, develop atherosclerotic lesions, and generally fail to lay eggs. This phenotype results from a point mutation in the gene specifying the very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), whose protein product normally mediates the massive oocytic uptake of egg yolk precursors from the circulation. Taking advantage of the single base change in the mutant VLDLR allele, a PCR-based method for the rapid identification of RO chickens was developed at the Biocenter and University of Vienna, Austria. However, this procedure was incompletely validated because phenotypic data were not obtained and conventional progeny testing of sons and grandsons was not performed. Here, the assay validation was completed by providing plasma lipid concentrations, plasma very low density lipoprotein particle sizes, or egg production records of PCR-genotyped females and their brothers and sires to demonstrate that each bird's phenotypic traits substantiated their genotypic classification. Moreover, several methodological modifications resulted in improved chemical safety, speed, and cost of preparing and analyzing genomic DNA from chicken erythrocytes. Because the ovaries of mutant RO females generally contain numerous vitellogenic follicles in the absence of a functional oocyte plasma membrane VLDLR, the existence of an alternate system for the oocytic uptake of plasma very low density lipoprotein and vitellogenin is suggested, whereas a physiological explanation as to why some, but not all, mutant RO hens are able to ovulate and lay eggs is lacking.
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Elkin RG, Zhong Y. Assessment of reproductive function in mutant restricted ovulator carrier roosters. Poult Sci 2003; 81:1280-2. [PMID: 12269604 DOI: 10.1093/ps/81.9.1280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Two splice variant forms of the chicken very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) have recently been shown to exist in both male and female chicken gonads. The longer form, containing an O-linked sugar domain, is produced in the somatic cells of the testes and ovaries, whereas the shorter form, which lacks this domain, is expressed in the male and female germ cells. The latter is essential for female reproduction, because a naturally occurring point mutation in the gene encoding the short form of the VLDLR causes its functional absence, resulting in atherosclerosis and a general failure to lay eggs. Thus, the term restricted ovulator (RO) was originally coined to describe females with the mutant gene. In contrast, the roles of the VLDLR gene products in male reproduction have yet to be defined, because only heterozygous RO roosters, which have a mutant allele of the VLDLR gene (short form) on one of their two Z (sex) chromosomes, can be obtained. However, the question of whether two normal alleles of the VLDLR gene are needed for optimal male reproductive performance can be addressed. Here, the reproductive abilities of heterozygous RO roosters were compared to their wild-type siblings. The RO roosters were found to be phenotypically normal, suggesting that only one normal allele for the VLDLR gene is needed for optimal male reproductive performance. Alternately, it is also possible that the one normal allele compensated for the presence of the mutant one in terms of VLDLR gene product production (i.e., a dosage compensation).
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Vonk RJ, Priebe MG, Koetse HA, Stellaard F, Lenoir-Wijnkoop I, Antoine JM, Zhong Y, Huang CY. Lactose intolerance: analysis of underlying factors. Eur J Clin Invest 2003; 33:70-5. [PMID: 12492455 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2003.01099.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We studied the degree of lactose digestion and orocecal transit time (OCTT) as possible causes for the variability of symptoms of lactose intolerance (LI) in a sample of a population with genetically determined low lactase activity. METHODS Lactose digestion index (LDI) was measured by the recently developed 13C-lactose/2H-glucose test. The OCTT was determined using the breath hydrogen test. Based on a 6-h symptom score (SSC) after a challenge dose of 25 g of lactose the subjects were divided into a tolerant group (T: n= 15; SSC = 0) and an intolerant group (IT: n= 28; SSC 1-40). The intolerant group was subdivided according to the severity of symptoms: group ITa (n = 17; mild symptoms without diarrhoea) and group ITb (n = 11; with diarrhoea). RESULTS The LDI was lower in the intolerant group (0.34 +/- 0.14) (mean +/- SD) than in the tolerant group (0.47 +/- 0.14) (P = 0.008). The OCTT of group IT (60, 30-90 min) (median, quartiles) was significantly shorter than that of group T (105, 60-120 min) (P = 0.003) and was positively correlated with the LDI (P = 0.050). In groups ITa and ITb the OCTT (60, 30-90 min; 60, 26-83 min) and LDI (0.30 +/- 0.14; 0.39 +/- 0.14) were similar. CONCLUSIONS Lactose digestion capacity, which is determined by small intestinal lactase activity as well as by OCTT, affects the occurrence of lactose intolerance. However, the major difference in intolerance symptoms is caused by differences in the colonic processing of maldigested lactose.
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270
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Yan L, Wen H, Zhong Y, Cao C. [Intermittent-pulse treatment of onychomycosis with orally administered itraconazole]. HUNAN YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = HUNAN YIKE DAXUE XUEBAO = BULLETIN OF HUNAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2002; 24:71-3. [PMID: 11938747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Fifty-four patients received an intermittent regimen of itraconazole (26 of them were finger onychomycosis and 28 toe onychomycosis) and were followed-up for nine months. The result showed that the clinical cure rate of fingernails was 88.5% and the mycologic cure rate was 96.4%, while the clinical cure rate of toes was 82.1% and the mycologic cure rate was 96.4%. Few adverse events were observed by 7.4%, just like nausea, gastric discomfort etc. It suggests that the pulse administration system is highly effective and has a few side-effects.
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271
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Fan M, Bian Z, Peng Z, Zhong Y, Chen Z, Peng B, Jia R. A DNA Vaccine Encoding a Cell-surface Protein Antigen of Streptococcus mutans Protects Gnotobiotic Rats from Caries. J Dent Res 2002. [DOI: 10.1177/154405910208101112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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272
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Fan MW, Bian Z, Peng ZX, Zhong Y, Chen Z, Peng B, Jia R. A DNA vaccine encoding a cell-surface protein antigen of Streptococcus mutans protects gnotobiotic rats from caries. J Dent Res 2002; 81:784-7. [PMID: 12407095 DOI: 10.1177/0810784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A cell-surface protein antigen (PAc) of Streptococcus mutans is considered a virulence factor because it may mediate initial attachment of Streptococcus mutans to tooth surfaces. Thus, inhibiting PAc is predicted to provide protection against caries. To develop vaccines against dental caries, we constructed a DNA vaccine, pCIA-P, which encodes two high-conservative regions of PAc. Expression of the recombinant protein was obtained in eukaryotic cells in vitro and in vivo. In this report, we provide evidence that fewer caries lesions, and high levels of PAc-specific salivary IgA antibody and serum IgG antibody, were observed in gnotobiotic rats following targeted salivary gland (TSG) administration of pCIA-P. This study shows that the recombinant DNA vaccine pCIA-P could induce protective anti-caries immune responses and that TSG immunization is a promising strategy for the inhibition of dental caries.
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273
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Zhu WJ, Zhong Y, Zhang CX. Effect of human oviductal epithelial cell cultural medium on cryopreserved human sperm survival. Cell Biol Int 2002; 25:1025-7. [PMID: 11589622 DOI: 10.1006/cbir.2001.0790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The human oviduct is known as a functional site for gamete transportation, retention, fertilization and zygote development. Previous studies have shown that human oviductal epithelial cell cultural medium (OECCM) has a positive effect on prolongation of sperm motility for some cryopreserved human sperm without cryodamage. However, for most cryopreserved sperm, OECCM could not improve their survival prolongation. In this study, we assessed the influence of human OECCM on the motility longevity of cryopreserved human sperm with an in vitro incubation method.
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274
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Zhong Y, Dunn PM, Bardini M, Ford AP, Cockayne DA, Burnstock G. Changes in P2X receptor responses of sensory neurons from P2X3-deficient mice. Eur J Neurosci 2001; 14:1784-92. [PMID: 11860473 DOI: 10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01805.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons respond to ATP with transient, persistent or biphasic inward currents. In contrast, the ATP responses in nodose neurons are persistent. These sustained currents are also heterogeneous, with one component being accounted for by P2X2/3 receptors, and the residual response probably mediated by P2X2 receptors, although the direct evidence for this has been lacking. In the present study, we examined the P2X receptors on DRG and nodose neurons from P2X3-deficient (P2X3-/-) mice, using whole cell voltage-clamp recording and immunohistochemistry. We found that all P2X3-/- DRG neurons lacked rapidly desensitizing response to ATP, and both DRG and nodose neurons from P2X3-null mutant mice no longer responded to alpha,beta-methylene ATP (alphabetameATP). In contrast, ATP evoked persistent inward current in 12% of DRG neurons and 84% of nodose neurons from P2X3-/- mice. This retained persistent response to ATP on nodose neurons had an EC50 for ATP of 77 microm, was antagonized by Cibacron blue and pyridoxal-5-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulphonic acid, potentiated by Zn2+ and acidification, but not enhanced by ivermectin or diinosine pentaphosphate. 2',3'-O-Trinitrophenyl-ATP antagonized this response with an IC50 of 8 microm. All these properties are consistent with those of recombinant P2X2 homomeric receptors. Furthermore, specific P2X2 receptor immunoreactivity detected in wild-type sensory neurons was unaltered in null mutant mice. Therefore, the alphabetameATP-insensitive persistent responses on nodose neurons are likely to be mediated by P2X2 homomers, which contribute to 60% of currents evoked by 100 microm ATP in the wild type.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine Triphosphate/analogs & derivatives
- Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
- Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Capsaicin/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Ganglia, Spinal/cytology
- Ganglia, Spinal/drug effects
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Membrane Potentials/drug effects
- Membrane Potentials/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Neurons, Afferent/cytology
- Neurons, Afferent/drug effects
- Neurons, Afferent/metabolism
- Nodose Ganglion/cytology
- Nodose Ganglion/drug effects
- Nodose Ganglion/metabolism
- Receptors, Purinergic P2/deficiency
- Receptors, Purinergic P2/drug effects
- Receptors, Purinergic P2/genetics
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X3
- gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/pharmacology
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275
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Zhong Y, Ye W, Shen X, Cheng Y, Sun J, Wang K. [The effect of frozen storage for amniotic membrane ultrastructure]. YAN KE XUE BAO = EYE SCIENCE 2001; 17:202-5, 216. [PMID: 12567504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of frozen storage for amniotic membrane ultrastructure, and provide the experimental evidence for clinical use. METHODS The amniotic membranes of fresh-obtained and -80 degrees C frozen storage 30 d, 60 d, 90 d and 180 d were examined with transmission electron microscope, and the ultrastructural changes were observed. RESULTS The epithelium in the fresh-obtained amniotic membrane was observed as intact structure, abundant organelles in cytoplasm and intercellular contact with desmosome. A great quantity of collagen micro-fibrils were found in the stroma, and the light and shade striation were observed in the collagen micro-fibrils of fresh-obtained amniotic membrane. The epithelium degenerated and died gradually as the increase of frozen storage time. At the frozen storage of 90 days, the epithelial chromatin dissolved, organelles degenerated and mitochondrion vacuolated. At the frozen storage of 30 days and 60 days, the pattern of collagen micro-fibrils in stoma was similar to that in fresh-obtained amniotic membrane; At the frozen storage of 90 days, some of collagen micro-fibrils in stoma showed intumescence. At the frozen storage of 180 days, the number of collagen micro-fibrils in stoma decreased, and some of them showed intumescence and dissolvent. CONCLUSION Frozen storage can result in amniotic membrane epithelium death and collagen micro-fibrils intumescence and dissolvent.
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