276
|
Zhou Y, Zhu Q, Chen JM, Wang YQ, Liu J, Sun R, Tang S. Observation and simulation of net primary productivity in Qilian Mountain, western China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2007; 85:574-84. [PMID: 17129660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2005] [Revised: 12/12/2005] [Accepted: 04/03/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We modeled net primary productivity (NPP) at high spatial resolution using an advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER) image of a Qilian Mountain study area using the boreal ecosystem productivity simulator (BEPS). Two key driving variables of the model, leaf area index (LAI) and land cover type, were derived from ASTER and moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. Other spatially explicit inputs included daily meteorological data (radiation, precipitation, temperature, humidity), available soil water holding capacity (AWC), and forest biomass. NPP was estimated for coniferous forests and other land cover types in the study area. The result showed that NPP of coniferous forests in the study area was about 4.4 tCha(-1)y(-1). The correlation coefficient between the modeled NPP and ground measurements was 0.84, with a mean relative error of about 13.9%.
Collapse
|
277
|
Tang S, Chen JM, Zhu Q, Li X, Chen M, Sun R, Zhou Y, Deng F, Xie D. LAI inversion algorithm based on directional reflectance kernels. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2007; 85:638-48. [PMID: 17129659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2004] [Revised: 12/06/2005] [Accepted: 08/23/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Leaf area index (LAI) is an important ecological and environmental parameter. A new LAI algorithm is developed using the principles of ground LAI measurements based on canopy gap fraction. First, the relationship between LAI and gap fraction at various zenith angles is derived from the definition of LAI. Then, the directional gap fraction is acquired from a remote sensing bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) product. This acquisition is obtained by using a kernel driven model and a large-scale directional gap fraction algorithm. The algorithm has been applied to estimate a LAI distribution in China in mid-July 2002. The ground data acquired from two field experiments in Changbai Mountain and Qilian Mountain were used to validate the algorithm. To resolve the scale discrepancy between high resolution ground observations and low resolution remote sensing data, two TM images with a resolution approaching the size of ground plots were used to relate the coarse resolution LAI map to ground measurements. First, an empirical relationship between the measured LAI and a vegetation index was established. Next, a high resolution LAI map was generated using the relationship. The LAI value of a low resolution pixel was calculated from the area-weighted sum of high resolution LAIs composing the low resolution pixel. The results of this comparison showed that the inversion algorithm has an accuracy of 82%. Factors that may influence the accuracy are also discussed in this paper.
Collapse
|
278
|
Wang P, Sun R, Hu J, Zhu Q, Zhou Y, Li L, Chen JM. Measurements and simulation of forest leaf area index and net primary productivity in Northern China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2007; 85:607-15. [PMID: 17166651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2005] [Revised: 11/30/2005] [Accepted: 08/09/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Large scale process-based modeling is a useful approach to estimate distributions of global net primary productivity (NPP). In this paper, in order to validate an existing NPP model with observed data at site level, field experiments were conducted at three sites in northern China. One site is located in Qilian Mountain in Gansu Province, and the other two sites are in Changbaishan Natural Reserve and Dunhua County in Jilin Province. Detailed field experiments are discussed and field data are used to validate the simulated NPP. Remotely sensed images including Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+, 30 m spatial resolution in visible and near infrared bands) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER, 15m spatial resolution in visible and near infrared bands) are used to derive maps of land cover, leaf area index, and biomass. Based on these maps, field measured data, soil texture and daily meteorological data, NPP of these sites are simulated for year 2001 with the boreal ecosystem productivity simulator (BEPS). The NPP in these sites ranges from 80 to 800 gCm(-2)a(-1). The observed NPP agrees well with the modeled NPP. This study suggests that BEPS can be used to estimate NPP in northern China if remotely sensed images of high spatial resolution are available.
Collapse
|
279
|
Chen JM, Thomas SC, Yin Y, Maclaren V, Liu J, Pan J, Liu G, Tian Q, Zhu Q, Pan JJ, Shi X, Xue J, Kang E. Enhancing forest carbon sequestration in China: toward an integration of scientific and socio-economic perspectives. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2007; 85:515-23. [PMID: 17182169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2006] [Revised: 04/23/2006] [Accepted: 08/09/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This article serves as an introduction to this special issue, "China's Forest Carbon Sequestration", representing major results of a project sponsored by the Canadian International Development Agency and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. China occupies a pivotal position globally as a principle emitter of carbon dioxide, as host to some of the world's largest reforestation efforts, and as a key player in international negotiations aimed at reducing global greenhouse gas emission. The goals of this project are to develop remote sensing approaches for quantifying forest carbon balance in China in a transparent manner, and information and tools to support land-use decisions for enhanced carbon sequestration (CS) that are science based and economically and socially viable. The project consists of three components: (i) remote sensing and carbon modeling, (ii) forest and soil assessment, and (iii) integrated assessment of the socio-economic implications of CS via forest management. Articles included in this special issue are highlights of the results of each of these components.
Collapse
|
280
|
Zhang XL, Jiang X, Liu YP, Du HR, Zhu Q. Identification of Avai polymorphisms in the third intron of GH gene and their associations with abdominal fat in chickens. Poult Sci 2007; 86:1079-83. [PMID: 17495076 DOI: 10.1093/ps/86.6.1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) plays a diverse role in animals together with other hormones of somatotropic axis. In the current research, chicken GH (cGH) as a candidate gene affecting carcass traits was investigated in the chickens from 2 local chicken breeds [Mountainous Black-Bone (Wugu) and Caoke chicken] in the Sichuan province, 1 pure line of a quality chicken (Sanhuang chicken) from the Guangdong province, and commercial crossbreds. The RFLP method was used to identify polymorphisms of the cGH gene. Three restriction enzyme polymorphic sites were detected in the cGH gene. Sequence alignment from GenBank revealed 2 mutations in the third intron of the cGH gene, which were identified by the AvaI enzyme. Two novel AvaI polymorphic sites were genotyped in 240 chickens from the above-mentioned chicken populations. One EcoRV polymorphic site, the previously reported polymorphism, was also detected in these populations. Significant differences in allelic and genotypic frequencies among all the chicken populations were observed. In AvaI polymorphic sites, allele A2 and B1 had higher frequencies than allele A1 and B2, respectively. In EcoRV polymorphic sites, the frequency of allele N2 was higher than that of allele N1. Associations of polymorphisms of the cGH gene with carcass traits were analyzed by using a GLM procedure. Significant associations were found between AvaI genotypes or combined genotypes and abdominal fat weight and abdominal fat percentage (P<or=0.05). The allele A2 and B1 had a beneficial effect on increasing the live BW, breast muscle weight, and breast muscle percentage while decreasing the abdominal fat weight, abdominal fat percentage, and s.c. fat thickness. No significant associations were observed between EcoRV genotypes and carcass traits. In conclusion, the cGH gene may be a potential marker affecting the abdominal fat trait of chickens.
Collapse
|
281
|
Zhu Q, Karlsson KF, Pelucchi E, Kapon E. Transition from two-dimensional to three-dimensional quantum confinement in semiconductor quantum wires/quantum dots. NANO LETTERS 2007; 7:2227-33. [PMID: 17625903 DOI: 10.1021/nl0706650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We report the photoluminescence (PL) and polarization-resolved PL characteristics of a novel GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wire/dot semiconductor system, realized by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy of site-controlled, self-assembled nanostructures in inverted tetrahedral pyramids. By systematically changing the length of the quantum wires, we implement a continuous transition between the regimes of two-dimensional and three-dimensional quantum confinement. The two main evidences for this transition are observed experimentally and confirmed theoretically: (i) strongly blue-shifted ground-state emission, accompanied by increase separation of ground and excited transition energies; and (ii) change in the orientation of the main axis of linear polarization of the photoluminescence, from parallel to perpendicular with respect to the wire axis. This latter effect, whose origin is shown to be purely due to quantum confinement and valence band mixing, sets in at wire lengths of only approximately 30 nm.
Collapse
|
282
|
Arakane Y, Zhu Q, Hogenkamp D, Dixit R, Specht C, Beeman R, Kramer K, Muthukrishnan S. 14.P4. Functional Analysis of Genes of Chitin Metabolism in Tribolium castaneum by RNA interference. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.06.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
283
|
Yu L, Zhao J, Zhu Q, Li SP. Macrophage biospecific extraction and high performance liquid chromatography for hypothesis of immunological active components in Cordyceps sinensis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 44:439-43. [PMID: 17276646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2006] [Revised: 12/30/2006] [Accepted: 01/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A method, namely macrophage biospecific extraction and high performance liquid chromatography for screening potential immunological active components in Cordyceps sinensis, a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, was developed. Two components, which could interact with macrophage, in aqueous extract of C. sinensis (WECS) were found by comparing the HPLC chromatograms of WECS before and after interacted with macrophage. The two compounds were identified as guanosine and adenosine. Their effects on mice macrophage were also investigated in vitro. The results showed that adenosine and guanosine could attenuate NO (p<0.01) but augment interleukin-lbeta (IL-1beta) (p<0.05) release of macrophage during the tested concentrations. In addition, guanosine (0.10 micromol/ml) also increased alpha-tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) release of macrophage. The data suggest that macrophage biospecific extraction and HPLC is a useful method to screen immunological active components from Chinese medicines.
Collapse
|
284
|
Zhu Q, Kato S, Murakami S, Ito K. 3D-CFD analysis of diffusion and emission of VOCs in a FLEC cavity. INDOOR AIR 2007; 17:178-88. [PMID: 17542831 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2006.00453.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study is performed as a part of research that examines the emission and diffusion characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from indoor building materials. In this paper, the flow field and the emission field of VOCs from the surface of building materials in a Field and Laboratory Emission Cell (FLEC) cavity are examined by 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis. The flow field within the FLEC cavity is laminar. With a total flow of 250 ml/min, the air velocity near the test material surface ranges from 0.1 to 4.5 cm/s. Three types of emission from building materials are studied here: (i) emission phenomena controlled by internal diffusion, (ii) emission phenomena controlled by external diffusion, and (iii) emission phenomena controlled by mixed diffusion (internal + external diffusion). In the case of internal diffusion material, with respect to the concentration distribution in the cavity, the local VOC emission rate becomes uniform and the FLEC works well. However, in the case of evaporation type (external diffusion) material, or mixed type materials (internal + external diffusion) when the resistance to transporting VOCs in the material is small, the FLEC is not suitable for emission testing because of the thin FLEC cavity. In this case, the mean emission rate is restricted to a small value, since the VOC concentration in the cavity rises to the same value as the surface concentration through molecular diffusion within the thin cavity, and the concentration gradient normal to the surface becomes small. The diffusion field and emission rate depend on the cavity concentration and on the Loading Factor. That is, when the testing material surface in the cavity is partially sealed to decrease the Loading Factor, the emission rate become higher with the decrease in the exposed area of the testing material. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The flow field and diffusion field within the FLEC cavity are investigated by CFD method. After presenting a summary of the velocity distributed over the surface of test material and the emission properties of different type materials in FLEC, the paper pointed out that there is a bias in the airflow inside the FLEC cavity but do not influence the result of test emission rate, and the FLEC method is unsuitable for evaporation type materials in which the mass transfer of the surface controls the emission rate.
Collapse
|
285
|
Kong ST, Dong QW, Liu MS, Zhu Q. Heat Conveyance Mechanism and Applications. Chem Eng Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200600182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
286
|
Pelucchi E, Watanabe S, Leifer K, Zhu Q, Dwir B, De Los Rios P, Kapon E. Mechanisms of quantum dot energy engineering by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy on patterned nonplanar substrates. NANO LETTERS 2007; 7:1282-5. [PMID: 17397234 DOI: 10.1021/nl0702012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel technique for tuning the strength of quantum confinement in site-controlled semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) is introduced and investigated theoretically and experimentally. The method makes use of controlled local growth rates during metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy on patterned arrays of inverted pyramids. A model accounting for precursor migration and adatom incorporation predicts the tuning in QD thickness as a function of the pattern parameters. The results are in good agreement with experimental findings. This technique offers means for designing QD photonic structures with potential applications in QD-based cavity quantum electrodynamics and quantum information processing.
Collapse
|
287
|
Zhu Q, Wani G, Yao J, Patnaik S, Wang QE, El-Mahdy MA, Praetorius-Ibba M, Wani AA. The ubiquitin–proteasome system regulates p53-mediated transcription at p21waf1 promoter. Oncogene 2007; 26:4199-208. [PMID: 17224908 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system (UPS) promotes the proteasomal degradation of target proteins by decorating them with Ub labels. Emerging evidence indicates a role of UPS in regulating gene transcription. In this study, we provided evidence for the involvement of UPS in the transcriptional activation function of tumor suppressor p53. We showed that both ubiquitylation and proteasomal functions are required for efficient transcription mediated by p53. Disruption of transcription by actinomycin D, 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-benzimadazole or alpha-amanitin leads to accumulation of cellular p53 protein. Proteasome inhibition by MG132 increases the occupancy of p53 protein at p53-responsive p21(waf1) promoter. In addition, the Sug-1 component of 19S proteasome physically interacts with p53 in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, in response to ultraviolet-induced DNA damage, both the 19S proteasomal components, Sug1 and S1, are recruited to p21(waf1) promoter region in a kinetic pattern similar to that of p53. These results suggested that UPS positively regulates p53-mediated transcription at p21(waf1) promoter.
Collapse
|
288
|
Renner E, Rylaarsdam S, Anover S, Hartl D, Jayakumar A, Belohradsky B, Ermer U, Jin Y, Kleiner G, Nagel F, Zhu Q, Claymann G, Torgerson T, Ochs H. Comèl-Netherton Syndrome - New Insight Into The Molecular Basis of this Rare Syndrome Characterized by Atopic Diathesis and Immune Deficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
289
|
Zhou XY, Jiang ZD, Wang HR, Zhu Q. A Method to Extract the Intrinsic Mechanical Properties of Soft Metallic Thin Films Based on Nanoindentation Continuous Stiffness Measurement Technique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/48/1/204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
290
|
Volkov VL, Zakharova GS, Kuznetsov MV, Jin A, Zhu Q, Chen W. Nanocomposites of V1.67M0.33O5±δ · nH2O (M = Ti or Mo) xerogels intercalated with hydroquinone and poly(vinyl alcohol). RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023606090014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
291
|
Zhu Q, Vera C, Asaro R, Skelton R, Sung L. Hybrid model of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton coupled with its lipid bilayer. J Biomech 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(06)84303-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
292
|
Zhu Q, Prange M, Margulies S. Predicting unconsciousness from a pediatric brain injury threshold. J Biomech 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(06)83519-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
293
|
Kostoryz EL, Zhu Q, Zhao H, Miller M, Eick JD. Assessment of the relative skin sensitization potency of siloranes and bis-GMA using the local lymph node assay and QSAR predicted potency. J Biomed Mater Res A 2006; 79:684-8. [PMID: 16845671 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Siloranes are silicon and oxirane (epoxy) containing monomers used for new dental composite development. The siloranes 3,4-epoxycyclohexylethyl-cyclopolymethylsiloxane (Tet-Sil) and bis-3,4-epoxycyclohexylethyl-phenyl-methylsilane (Ph-Sil) have in common cycloaliphatic epoxy moieties. The epoxy group is of concern in their biocompatibility since most epoxy compounds are known skin sensitizers. The objective of this study was to determine the in vivo skin sensitization potency of the siloranes in the local lymph node assay. A comparison was made with well-known chemical allergens, bis-GMA and DNCB. Female mice (CBA/CaJ) were exposed topically (dorsum of both ears) to several doses of acetone:olive oil in the ratio of 4:1 v/v. Doses were defined by a predictive structure-activity model (QSAR) for contact sensitization. Lymph node cell (LNC) proliferation was measured on the sixth day by incorporation of radioactive thymidine into DNA of lymph node cells. The effective concentration (EC3) that produced a 3-fold stimulation in LNC proliferation relative to controls was extrapolated from dose-response curves. DNCB was a strong sensitizer (EC3 = 0.06%). The EC3 values of Ph-Sil and bis-GMA were 19% and 45%, respectively, making these weak contact sensitizers. Tet-Sil did not increase lymph node proliferation when compared with controls. In contrast to Tet-Sil, the unpolymerized monomers Ph-Sil and bis-GMA have the capacity to induce LNC proliferation, characteristic of a T-cell mediated skin contact sensitization.
Collapse
|
294
|
Barnett M, Ramsay DA, Zhu Q. Studies of collisional selection rules in thioformaldehyde (H2CS) by microwave-optical double resonance. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:154310. [PMID: 16252951 DOI: 10.1063/1.2060708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual rotational levels in the A 1A2,v4=1 state of thioformaldehyde (H2CS) are excited by a cw laser and microwave transitions in the region of 8-12 GHz are measured. Some of the microwave frequencies are found to be characteristic of rotational levels other than the level being pumped. Since the microwave frequencies are characteristic of individual rotational levels in the excited state and the excited-state lifetime is approximately 170 micros, information is obtained concerning rotational selection rules during collisions. It is found that J can change by several units and Ka by 0, +/-2, +/-4, and +/-6. The latter result confirms that o-H2CS is not converted to p-H2CS by collisions. Observation of Ka doublets indicates that there are no appreciable differences between the two components.
Collapse
|
295
|
Liu J, Xiao H, Lei F, Zhu Q, Qin K, Zhang XW, Zhang XL, Zhao D, Wang G, Feng Y, Ma J, Liu W, Wang J, Gao GF. Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus infection in migratory birds. Science 2005; 309:1206. [PMID: 16000410 DOI: 10.1126/science.1115273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 502] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) has emerged as a pathogenic entity for a variety of species, including humans, in recent years. Here we report an outbreak among migratory birds on Lake Qinghaihu, China, in May and June 2005, in which more than a thousand birds were affected. Pancreatic necrosis and abnormal neurological symptoms were the major clinical features. Sequencing of the complete genomes of four H5N1 AIV strains revealed them to be reassortants related to a peregrine falcon isolate from Hong Kong and to have known highly pathogenic characteristics. Experimental animal infections reproduced typical highly pathogenic AIV infection symptoms and pathology.
Collapse
|
296
|
Dong ZB, Li SP, Hong M, Zhu Q. Hypothesis of potential active components in Angelica sinensis by using biomembrane extraction and high performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 38:664-9. [PMID: 15967294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2004] [Revised: 02/10/2005] [Accepted: 02/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The screening and analysis of bioactive components in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) is very important not only for the quality control of crude drugs but also for elucidating the therapeutic principle. In this study, a method for screening potential active components from TCMs was developed by using biomembrane extraction and high performance liquid chromatography. Based on the methodology, aqueous extract of Angelica sinensis (WEAS) was used, and four compounds were detected by HPLC in the desorption eluate of red cell membrane extraction for WEAS. The compounds were identified as ferulic acid, ligustilide, senkyunolide H and senkyunolide I based on their UV, MS and NMR spectra. Actually, ferulic acid and ligustilide are considered as major active components in Angelica sinensis. Therefore, this method may be applied to predict the potential bioactivities of multiple compounds in TCMs simultaneously.
Collapse
|
297
|
Wang J, Zhu Q, Lu X, Meng Y. ZnGA–MMT catalyzed the copolymerization of carbon dioxide with propylene oxide. Eur Polym J 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2004.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
298
|
Zhu Q, Tan DCL, Samuel M, Chan ESY, Linn YC. Fludarabine in comparison to alkylator-based regimen as induction therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Leuk Lymphoma 2005; 45:2239-45. [PMID: 15512812 DOI: 10.1080/10428190412331283260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The superiority of Fludarabine over conventional therapy as primary induction therapy for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been shown in several studies but no studies have yet reported a pooled estimate of the treatment effect. We performed a systematic review of evidence from 5 randomized controlled trials involving approximately 1300 patients with CLL, comparing Fludarabine with several alkylator-based combination regimens in the primary treatment of CLL. Complete response rate was significantly higher for Fludarabine compared to alkylator-based chemotherapy (RR 1.87, 95% CI 1.10-3.19, P=0.02), while overall response, though superior, did not reach statistical significance (RR 1.22, 95% CI=0.88-1.69, P=0.24). Overall survival was similar for Fludarabine and alkylator-based therapy (the pooled log hazard ratio of death, HR=-0.05, 95% CI=-0.36-0.26, P=0.75). Infection rate was significantly higher (RR 1.58, 95% CI=1.10-2.27, P=0.01), but there was no significant difference in the incidence of thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and anemia. Therefore, this meta-analysis supports the findings that Fludarabine as an induction agent for patients with CLL yields a better clinical response with acceptable toxicity when compared with alkylator-based combination therapy, but without a survival benefit by 5-6 years of follow up.
Collapse
|
299
|
Gingras J, Spicer J, Altares M, Zhu Q, Kuchel GA, Ferns M. Agrin becomes concentrated at neuroeffector junctions in developing rodent urinary bladder. Cell Tissue Res 2005; 320:115-25. [PMID: 15711988 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-004-1045-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2004] [Accepted: 10/29/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The formation of somatic neuromuscular junctions in skeletal muscle is regulated by an extracellular matrix protein called agrin. Here, we have examined the expression and localization of agrin during development of the rodent urinary bladder, as a first step to examining its possible role at autonomic neuroeffector junctions in smooth muscle. We have found that agrin is expressed on the surface of developing smooth muscle cells and in the basement membrane underlying the urothelium. More importantly, agrin is progressively concentrated at parasympathetic varicosities during postnatal development and is present at virtually all junctions in mature muscle. Reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction analysis has shown that pelvic ganglion neurons that innervate the bladder express LN/z8 agrin, whereas bladder smooth muscle expresses LN/z- agrin. Together, these results demonstrate that nerve and/or muscle agrin becomes localized at cholinergic parasympathetic varicosities in smooth muscle, where it could play a role in the maturation of the neuroeffector junction.
Collapse
|
300
|
Ge XC, Zhu Q, Meng YZ. Fabrication and characterization of biodegradable poly(propylene carbonate)/wood flour composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/app.22557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|