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Lee JH, Kim HW, Kwon YB, Kang MS, Choi DW, Na JH, Kwon OK, Youn HJ, Han HJ, Byun TH, Park SY, Chun BH, Pyun JH, An GH, Lee YJ, Cho MH. General pharmacology studies on beta-domain deleted recombinant factor VIII. ARZNEIMITTEL-FORSCHUNG 2000; 50:86-92. [PMID: 10683720 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1300170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
beta-Domain deleted recombinant factor VIII (GC-rAHF), newly developed by Korea Green Cross Co., is a novel therapeutic for hemophiliacs and is currently under clinical evaluation. The general pharmacological properties of this drug were evaluated using mice, rats, guinea pigs and rabbits. Intravenous doses of 5 to 500 IU/kg were assayed in several tests to analyze their effects in vivo on various systems. The effect of the substance under study was also tested in vitro on isolated guinea pig ileum preparations at final concentrations of 5 to 50 IU/kg. The result of this study showed that GC-rAHF did not affect general behavior in the Irwin test. Similarly the drug was not found to affect neither normal body temperature nor the spontaneous activity in mice. In addition, it was not found to induce pharmacologically significant alterations of the cardiovascular and respiratory parameters in rats. No effects were observed either in the pentobarbital sodium-induced sleep-induction time and duration, in writhing test or in the test of pentetrazole-induced convulsion. Finally, the tested drug did not modify the gastrointestinal motility, acetylcholine or histamine-induced contraction of the isolated guinea pig ileum, nor gastric secretion. The results demonstrated that GC-rAHF has no effects on the central nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory and digestive systems in the doses of 5, 50 and 500 IU/kg in vivo and 5, 10, 50 and 100 IU/kg in vitro.
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Park SY, Jauh GY, Mollet JC, Eckard KJ, Nothnagel EA, Walling LL, Lord EM. A lipid transfer-like protein is necessary for lily pollen tube adhesion to an in vitro stylar matrix. THE PLANT CELL 2000. [PMID: 10634914 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.12.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Flowering plants possess specialized extracellular matrices in the female organs of the flower that support pollen tube growth and sperm cell transfer along the transmitting tract of the gynoecium. Transport of the pollen tube cell and the sperm cells involves a cell adhesion and migration event in species such as lily that possess a transmitting tract epidermis in the stigma, style, and ovary. A bioassay for adhesion was used to isolate from the lily stigma/stylar exudate the components that are responsible for in vivo pollen tube adhesion. At least two stylar components are necessary for adhesion: a large molecule and a small (9 kD) protein. In combination, the two molecules induced adhesion of pollen tubes to an artificial stylar matrix in vitro. The 9-kD protein was purified, and its corresponding cDNA was cloned. This molecule shares some similarity with plant lipid transfer proteins. Immunolocalization data support its role in facilitating adhesion of pollen tubes to the stylar transmitting tract epidermis.
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278
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Park SY, Jauh GY, Mollet JC, Eckard KJ, Nothnagel EA, Walling LL, Lord EM. A lipid transfer-like protein is necessary for lily pollen tube adhesion to an in vitro stylar matrix. THE PLANT CELL 2000; 12:151-64. [PMID: 10634914 PMCID: PMC140221 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.12.1.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/1999] [Accepted: 11/16/1999] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Flowering plants possess specialized extracellular matrices in the female organs of the flower that support pollen tube growth and sperm cell transfer along the transmitting tract of the gynoecium. Transport of the pollen tube cell and the sperm cells involves a cell adhesion and migration event in species such as lily that possess a transmitting tract epidermis in the stigma, style, and ovary. A bioassay for adhesion was used to isolate from the lily stigma/stylar exudate the components that are responsible for in vivo pollen tube adhesion. At least two stylar components are necessary for adhesion: a large molecule and a small (9 kD) protein. In combination, the two molecules induced adhesion of pollen tubes to an artificial stylar matrix in vitro. The 9-kD protein was purified, and its corresponding cDNA was cloned. This molecule shares some similarity with plant lipid transfer proteins. Immunolocalization data support its role in facilitating adhesion of pollen tubes to the stylar transmitting tract epidermis.
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279
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You WK, So SH, Lee H, Park SY, Yoon MR, Chang SI, Kim HK, Joe YA, Hong YK, Chung SI. Purification and characterization of recombinant murine endostatin in E. coli. Exp Mol Med 1999; 31:197-202. [PMID: 10630374 DOI: 10.1038/emm.1999.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Endostatin, a carboxyl-terminal fragment of collagen XVIII is known as an anti-angiogenic agent, that specifically inhibits the proliferation of endothelial cell and the growth of several primary tumor. We report here the purification and characterization of the recombinant murine endostatin (rmEndostatin) which was expressed in a prokaryotic expression system. This rmEndostatin has similar physiochemical properties of yeast-produced recombinant endostatin, and it also specifically inhibits the proliferation and migration of bovine capillary endothelial cells stimulated by basic fibroblast growth factor. The biological activity of rmEndostatin was also shown by its anti-angiogenic ability on the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryo in vivo. In this article, we demonstrate the refolding and purification of rmEndostatin, expressed using E. coli system, to a biologically active and soluble form. In addition, these results confirm the activity of endostatin as a potent anti-angiogenic agent.
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281
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Watanabe N, Akikusa B, Park SY, Ohno H, Fossati L, Vecchietti G, Gessner JE, Schmidt RE, Verbeek JS, Ryffel B, Iwamoto I, Izui S, Saito T. Mast cells induce autoantibody-mediated vasculitis syndrome through tumor necrosis factor production upon triggering Fcgamma receptors. Blood 1999; 94:3855-63. [PMID: 10572101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of autoantibodies and deposition of immune complexes (ICs) in tissue play a primary role in autoimmune diseases. However, the IC-triggered response consists of complex mechanisms that make it difficult to identify the pathogenesis and develop specific therapy. We clarified here a sequential mechanism for the induction of hypersensitivity angiitis by analyzing the responsible Fc receptor (FcR), effector cells, and mediators in an animal model using FcR-deficient mice. In this model, rheumatoid factor-mediated skin vasculitis was induced in wild-type mice, whereas FcRgamma-deficient mice did not develop the vasculitis. Adoptive transfer of various FcR(+) cells into FcRgamma-deficient mice showed that mast cells but not macrophages derived from wild-type mice triggered skin vasculitis. Mast cells derived from either FcgammaRIII-deficient or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-deficient mice did not possess the inducibility of skin vasculitis. These results indicate that triggering of vascular inflammation was induced by mast cells through IC binding on FcgammaRIII. TNF produced by such activated mast cells was mainly responsible for the pathogenesis of autoantibody-mediated vasculitis. These findings illustrate the clinical significance of mast cells, Fcgamma receptors, and TNF in IC-induced vasculitis syndrome.
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282
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Kim JM, Chang KH, Choi YH, Song YG, Kang SM, Yoon TY, Choi JM, Park SY, Lew DJ. Seroprevalence of HTLV-I in Cheju Island, a Korean island adjacent to the endemic area of Japan. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1999; 22:409-12. [PMID: 10634207 DOI: 10.1097/00126334-199912010-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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283
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Kim JY, Cho SH, Kim YW, Jang EC, Park SY, Kim EJ, Lee SK. Effects of BCG, lymphotoxin and bee venom on insulitis and development of IDDM in non-obese diabetic mice. J Korean Med Sci 1999; 14:648-52. [PMID: 10642943 PMCID: PMC3054436 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.1999.14.6.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate whether BCG, lymphtoxin (LT) or bee venom (BV) can prevent insulitis and development of diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, we measured the degree of insulitis and incidence of diabetes in 24 ICR and 96 female NOD mice. NOD mice were randomly assigned to control, BCG-, LT-, and BV-treated groups. The BCG was given once at 6 weeks of age, and LT was given in 3 weekly doses from the age of 4 to 10 weeks. The BV was injected in 2 weekly doses from the age of 4 to 10 weeks. Diabetes started in control group at 18 weeks of age, in BCG group at 24 weeks of age, and in LT- or BV-treated group at 23 weeks of age. Cumulative incidences of diabetes at 25 weeks of age in control, BCG-, LT-, and BV-treated NOD mice are 58, 17, 25, and 21%, respectively. Incidence and severity of insulitis were reduced by BCG, LT and BV treatment. In conclusion, these results suggest that BCG, LT or BV treatment in NOD mice at early age inhibit insulitis, onset and cumulative incidence of diabetes.
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284
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Kim YO, Park SH, Kang YJ, Koh HJ, Kim SH, Park SY, Sohn U, Huh TL. Assignment of mitochondrial NAD(+)-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase beta subunit gene (IDH3B) to human chromosome band 20p13 by in situ hybridization and radiation hybrid mapping. CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS 1999; 86:240-1. [PMID: 10575215 DOI: 10.1159/000015348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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285
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Hwang O, Choi HJ, Park SY. Up-regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I and tetrahydrobiopterin by calcium influx. Neuroreport 1999; 10:3611-4. [PMID: 10619653 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-199911260-00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting reaction in the synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an obligatory co-factor for monoamines and nitric oxide syntheses. Roles of calcium influx on transcript, protein and activity levels of GTPCH and BH4 availability were studied using primary cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells. Bovine GTPCH cDNA was isolated and used in Northern blot analyses. Ionomycin, A23187 and BayK8644 dramatically up-regulated GTPCH mRNA level. Depolarization by potassium or veratridine also induced GTPCH expression, which was abolished by EGTA. A23187 elevated GTPCH protein level, enzyme activity, and BH4 levels. Thus, calcium influx up-regulates GTPCH gene expression and BH4 levels which may contribute to neurotoxicity directly and/or via elevation of dopamine and nitric oxide.
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286
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Marx SJ, Agarwal SK, Kester MB, Heppner C, Kim YS, Skarulis MC, James LA, Goldsmith PK, Saggar SK, Park SY, Spiegel AM, Burns AL, Debelenko LV, Zhuang Z, Lubensky IA, Liotta LA, Emmert-Buck MR, Guru SC, Manickam P, Crabtree J, Erdos MR, Collins FS, Chandrasekharappa SC. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: clinical and genetic features of the hereditary endocrine neoplasias. RECENT PROGRESS IN HORMONE RESEARCH 1999; 54:397-438; discussion 438-9. [PMID: 10548885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
MEN1 is a syndrome of parathyroid adenomas, gastrinomas, prolactinomas, and other endocrine tumors. Collagenomas and facial angiofibromas are newly recognized but common skin expressions. Many tumors in MEN1 are benign; however, many entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and foregut carcinoid tumors are malignant. MEN1 is thus the expression of a cancer gene but without available prevention or cure for malignancy. Hereditary (as compared to sporadic) endocrine tumors show early onset age and multiplicity, because each cell of the body has "one hit" by inheritance. Multiple neoplasia syndromes with endocrine tumor(s) all include nonendocrine components; their known defective genes seem mainly to disturb cell accumulation. Hereditary neoplasia/hyperplasia of one endocrine tissue reflects a defect that is tissue selective and directed at cell secretion. Though the hereditary endocrine neoplasias are rare, most of their identified genes also contribute to common sporadic endocrine neoplasms. Hereditary tumors may be caused by activation of an oncogene (e.g., RET) or, more often, by inactivation of a tumor suppressor gene (e.g., P53, MEN1). Recently, MEN1 was identified by positional cloning. This strategy included narrowing the gene candidate interval, identifying many or all genes in that interval, and testing the newly identified candidate genes for mutation in MEN1 cases. MEN1 was identified because it showed mutation in 14 of 15 MEN1 cases. NIH testing showed germline MEN1 mutations in 47 of 50 MEN1 index cases and in seven of eight cases with sporadic MEN1. Despite proven capacity to find germline MEN1 mutation, NIH testing found no MEN1 mutation among five families with isolated hyperparathyroidism, suggesting that this often arises from mutation of other gene(s). Analogous studies in Japan found that familial isolated pituitary tumors also did not show MEN1 germline mutation. MEN1 mutation testing can now be considered for cases of MEN1 and its phenocopies and for asymptomatic members of families with known MEN1 mutation. Germline MEN1 testing does not have the urgency of RET testing in MEN2a and 2b, as MEN1 testing does not commonly lead to an important intervention. Somatic MEN1 mutation was found in sporadic tumors: parathyroid adenoma (21%), gastrinoma (33%), insulinoma (17%), and bronchial carcinoid (36%). For each of these, MEN1 was the known gene most frequently mutated. MEN1 has a widely expressed mRNA that encodes a protein (menin) of 610 amino acids. The protein sequence is not informative about domains or functions. The protein was mainly nuclear. Menin binds to JunD, an AP-1 transcription factor, inhibiting JunD's activation of transcription. Most of the germline and somatic MEN1 mutations predict truncation of menin, a likely destructive change. Inactivating MEN1 mutations in germline and in sporadic neoplasms support prior predictions that MEN1 is a tumor suppressor gene. Germline MEN1 mutation underlies all or most cases of MEN1 (familial or sporadic). Somatic MEN1 mutation is the most common gene mutation in many sporadic endocrine tumor types.
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287
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Yun HC, Kim KY, Park SY, Park SK, Park H, Hwang UW, Hong KM, Ryu JS, Min DY. Cloning of a cysteine proteinase gene from Acanthamoeba culbertsoni. Mol Cells 1999; 9:491-6. [PMID: 10597037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Free living amoeba, including pathogenic Acanthamoeba culbertsoni, are widely distributed in soil and fresh water. It has been found that cysteine proteinases are more active in pathogenic strains of amoeba whereas serine proteinases are found in both pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains. Cysteine proteinases thus play important roles in the pathogenesis of several parasitic infections and have been proposed as targets for the structure-based strategy of drug design. As the first step toward applying this strategy to design inhibitors as antiparasitic agents for A. culbertsoni, we isolated and sequenced the full length clone of a cysteine proteinase gene from A. culbertsoni by performing reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with degenerate oligonucleotide primers derived from conserved cysteine proteinase sequences. The 5' and the 3' regions of the cysteine proteinase gene were amplified using the PCR protocol for the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). It has an open reading frame of 1359 bp. The deduced amino acid sequence has the sequence homology with the cysteine proteinase genes of Paragonimus westermani metacercaria, Schistosoma mansoni, human cathepsin L and Fasciola hepatica, each by 45.3%, 45.9%, 57.9% and 50.8% respectively. Sequence analysis and alignment showed significant similarity to other eukaryotic cysteine proteinases, including the conservation of the cysteine, histidine, and asparagine residues that form the catalytic triad. A 1.5 kbp mRNA was detected on Northern blot analysis using full-length cysteine proteinase cDNA as a probe. The A. culbertsoni cysteine proteinase gene (AcCP2) was found to contain Ex3Rx3Wx2N at the proregion and also a proline/threonine-rich C-terminal extension. Therefore, it has cathepsin L-like characteristics. Phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequences of cysteine proteinase indicated that AcCP2 was closely related with papaya, while it was remotely related with those of Schistosoma.
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288
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Song H, Kim JH, Rho JK, Park SY, Kim CG, Choe SY. Functional characterization of TEL/AML1 fusion protein in the regulation of human CR1 gene promoter. Mol Cells 1999; 9:560-3. [PMID: 10597047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The TEL/AML1 fusion gene occurs in childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as a result of the translocation of human chromosome 12;21. Using reporter gene assays, we have functionally characterized TEL, AML1 and TEL/AML1 fusion proteins in the regulation of the human CR1 gene. Analysis of transcription activities showed that AML1 increased the CR1 promoter activity and that TEL repressed the basal activity of the promoter. Increased activities of the CR1 promoter by AML1 protein were reduced by the TEL protein in a concentration-dependent manner. When TEL/AML1 and AML1 proteins are present in cells at the same time, the TEL/AML1 protein inhibits the transactivation activities of AML1 protein on the human CR1 promoter even though TEL/AML1 retains the transactivation domain of AML1. A mutation analysis of the human CR1 promoter revealed that the binding sites for TEL and AML1 are necessary for the action of TEL and TEL/AML1, respectively. Thus, production of the TEL/AML1 protein by translocation of human chromosome 12;21 may contribute to leukemogenesis by the specific inhibition of AML1-dependent activation of myeloid promoters.
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MESH Headings
- Binding Sites
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/ultrastructure
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/genetics
- Hematopoiesis/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/pathology
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Receptors, Complement/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/biosynthesis
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcriptional Activation
- Transfection
- Translocation, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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289
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Kim YS, Burns AL, Goldsmith PK, Heppner C, Park SY, Chandrasekharappa SC, Collins FS, Spiegel AM, Marx SJ. Stable overexpression of MEN1 suppresses tumorigenicity of RAS. Oncogene 1999; 18:5936-42. [PMID: 10557080 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although there is indirect genetic evidence that MEN1, the gene for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, is a tumor suppressor gene, little is known about the MEN1-encoded protein, menin. Menin was stably overexpressed in a well-characterized murine tumor cell line, (valine-12)-RAS-transformed NIH3T3 cells. Menin overexpression reverted the morphology of the RAS-transformed NIH3T3 cells towards the more flattened and more spread, fibroblastic shape of wild type NIH3T3 cells. The proliferation rate of the RAS-transformed cells in 0.5% calf serum was also slower with menin overexpression. Menin overexpression reduced the RAS-induced clonogenicity in soft agar. Menin also reduced tumor growth after injection of cells in nude mice. In conclusion, stable overexpression of MEN1 suppressed partially the RAS-mediated tumor phenotype in vitro and in vivo. Overexpressed menin protein had biological effects, directly supporting MEN1 gene function as a tumor suppressor.
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290
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Miyazaki G, Morimoto H, Yun KM, Park SY, Nakagawa A, Minagawa H, Shibayama N. Magnesium(II) and zinc(II)-protoporphyrin IX's stabilize the lowest oxygen affinity state of human hemoglobin even more strongly than deoxyheme. J Mol Biol 1999; 292:1121-36. [PMID: 10512707 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1999.3124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Studies of oxygen equilibrium properties of Mg(II)-Fe(II) and Zn(II)-Fe(II) hybrid hemoglobins (i.e. alpha2(Fe)beta2(M) and alpha2(M)beta2(Fe); M=Mg(II), Zn(II) (neither of these closed-shell metal ions binds oxygen or carbon monoxide)) are reported along with the X-ray crystal structures of alpha2(Fe)beta2(Mg) with and without CO bound. We found that Mg(II)-Fe(II) hybrids resemble Zn(II)-Fe(II) hybrids very closely in oxygen equilibrium properties. The Fe(II)-subunits in these hybrids bind oxygen with very low affinities, and the effect of allosteric effectors, such as proton and/or inositol hexaphosphate, is relatively small. We also found a striking similarity in spectrophotometric properties between Mg(II)-Fe(II) and Zn(II)-Fe(II) hybrids, particularly, the large spectral changes that occur specifically in the metal-containing beta subunits upon the R-T transition of the hybrids. In crystals, both alpha2(Fe)beta2(Mg) and alpha2(Fe-CO)beta2(Mg) adopt the quaternary structure of deoxyhemoglobin. These results, combined with the re-evaluation of the oxygen equilibrium properties of normal hemoglobin, low-affinity mutants, and metal substituted hybrids, point to a general tendency of human hemoglobin that when the association equilibrium constant of hemoglobin for the first binding oxygen molecule (K1) approaches 0.004 mmHg(-1), the cooperativity as well as the effect of allosteric effectors is virtually abolished. This is indicative of the existence of a distinct thermodynamic state which determines the lowest oxygen affinity of human hemoglobin. Moreover, excellent agreement between the reported oxygen affinity of deoxyhemoglobin in crystals and the lowest affinity in solution leads us to propose that the classical T structure of deoxyhemoglobin in the crystals represents the lowest affinity state in solution. We also survey the oxygen equilibrium properties of various metal-substituted hybrid hemoglobins studied over the past 20 years in our laboratory. The bulk of these data are consistent with the Perutz's trigger mechanism, in that the affinity of a metal hybrid is determined by the ionic radius of the metal, and also by the steric effect of the distal ligand, if present. However, there remains a fundamental contradiction among the oxygen equilibrium properties of the beta substituted hybrid hemoglobins.
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291
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Kim JJ, Rhee HS, Chung YT, Park SY, Choi SK. Prenatal detection of de novo inversion of chromosome 9 with duplicated heterochromatic region and postnatal follow-up. Exp Mol Med 1999; 31:134-6. [PMID: 10551261 DOI: 10.1038/emm.1999.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first de novo case of a heterochromatic duplication on the long arm of the chromosome 9, which then was pericentrically inverted at p11q13. This condition was detected prenatally and carry to term. We then performed the follow up for over 1 year. So far, there seems to be no phenotypical abnormalities.
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292
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Park SY, Smith RV. Comparison of postoperative cardiopulmonary examinations and chest radiographs to detect pulmonary complications after adult tracheotomy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999; 121:274-6. [PMID: 10471870 DOI: 10.1016/s0194-5998(99)70184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of clinical cardiopulmonary examination compared with that of chest radiography in detecting postoperative pulmonary complications after tracheotomy in adults. METHODS One hundred consecutive patients undergoing tracheotomy were evaluated. Pulmonary complications were recorded, and the effectiveness of the physical examination was compared with that of the chest x-ray in detecting these complications. Patient age, sex, diagnosis, urgency of the procedure, and anesthetic technique were evaluated to determine any relationship to postoperative complications. RESULTS Of the 100 patients, 87 patients underwent postoperative chest radiography, and all patients had postoperative cardiopulmonary examinations. One patient (1%) had a bilateral pneumothorax, which was detected clinically and confirmed by a chest radiograph. Five patients had postoperative pulmonary edema confirmed by clinical examination and radiography. Additional minor complications were noted, including minor bleeding and stomal infection, for an overall complication rate of 13%. CONCLUSIONS All postoperative pulmonary complications were detected by physical examination. Therefore routine postoperative chest radiographs in uncomplicated tracheotomies are not necessary if a thorough postoperative cardiopulmonary examination is performed. Cost analysis reveals a savings of approximately $19,000 with the proposed criteria for postoperative chest x-ray.
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293
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Park SY, Barron E, Suh PG, Ryu SH, Kay EP. FGF-2 facilitates binding of SH3 domain of PLC-gamma1 to vinculin and SH2 domains to FGF receptor in corneal endothelial cells. Mol Vis 1999; 5:18. [PMID: 10459043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the cellular localization of the Src homology (SH)2 and SH3 domains of PLC-gamma1 and their cytoplasmic binding partners, living corneal endothelial cells were microinjected with the fusion proteins containing SH domains. METHODS Fusion proteins were prepared from plasmid vectors, and the fusion proteins containing SH2-SH2 [(SH2)2], SH2-SH2-SH3 [(SH2)2-SH3] or SH3 were isolated using affinity chromatography. Following microinjection, immunolocalization was analyzed using confocal laser microscope. RESULTS Microinjected SH domains were targeted to the subcellular location following stimulation with FGF-2: the SH3 domain appeared to be targeted to cytoskeleton; the (SH2)2 domain showed a dual localization in cytoplasm and plasma membrane; the (SH2)2-SH3 domain was predominantly localized at membrane and perinuclear sites. In the absence of stimulation by FGF-2, the microinjected fusion proteins remained at the injection sites. When cytoplasmic binding partners were determined by double-staining, the SH3 domain demonstrated colocalization with vinculin: the staining profile of the SH3 domain was identical to that of vinculin, which demonstrates characteristic punctated profiles. The punctated staining of SH3 disappears toward the basal membrane, while that of vinculin remains in all confocal optical sections. On the other hand, some fraction of the (SH2)2 domain was colocalized with FGF receptor at the membrane site. When PLC-gamma1 and F-actin were double-stained, the endogenous PLC-gamma1 demonstrated a diffuse cytoplasmic staining and/or perinuclear staining, while phalloidin staining demonstrated that all cells have filamentous cytoplasmic distribution of F-actin. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the SH3 domain directs PLC-gamma1 to bind to vinculin and that the SH2 domains may mediate the binding of PLC-gamma1 to receptor tyrosine kinase. Furthermore, they suggest that phosphorylation is not required for targeting of PLC-gamma1 to membrane or cytoskeleton sites.
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294
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Kang YK, Shin KJ, Yoo KH, Seo KJ, Park SY, Kim DJ, Park SW. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 1beta-methylcarbapenems having a new moiety at C-2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:2385-90. [PMID: 10476874 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological activity of the novel series of 1 beta-methylcarbapenems 1a-f, bearing a variety of 3",4"-disubstituted pyrrolidinamides as substituents at C-2, are described. Of these carbapenems, diol 1a showed the most potent and well balanced antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative. 1a was also evaluated for pharmacokinetics and in vivo therapeutic efficacy in systemic infections.
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295
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Kim SR, Hayashi Y, Kudo M, Matsuoka T, Imoto S, Sasaki K, Shintani S, Song KB, Park SY, Kim JH, Ando K, Koterazawa T, Kim KI, Ninomiya T. Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver in a patient with chronic hepatitis C: difficulty in differentiating it from hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathol Int 1999; 49:726-30. [PMID: 10504540 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1827.1999.00927.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A case of an inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver in a 75-year-old female with chronic hepatitis C whose radiologic features simulated that of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is presented. On imaging studies, hypervascularity by CO2 ultrasound (US) angiography, enhancement at an early phase and isodensity at a late phase by incremental dynamic computed tomography (CT), perfusion defect by CT during arteriography (CTAP), and clinical background of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection strongly suggested HCC. A US-guided needle biopsy revealed a mainly diffuse and polyclonal proliferation of lymphocytes positive for leukocyte common antigen (pan-lymphocyte cells), L-26 (B cell lymphocytes), and UCHL-1 (T cell lymphocytes), negative for both kappa and lambda light chains and sparsely distributed neutrophils and histiocytes. No lymphoid follicles were observed. The liver tissue around this tumor showed chronic hepatitis with mild activity and mild fibrosis. These histopathologic findings suggested that the diagnosis of inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver was tenable. As it is difficult to differentiate between inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver and HCC by imaging studies alone, supplemental biopsy, where possible, should be obtained when diagnostic imaging of tumors suggesting HCC is carried out. We emphasize that histopathology is a true gold standard in the diagnosis of this disease.
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296
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Kim DH, Kim SY, Park SY, Han MJ. Metabolism of quercitrin by human intestinal bacteria and its relation to some biological activities. Biol Pharm Bull 1999; 22:749-51. [PMID: 10443478 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.22.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
When quercitrin was anaerobically incubated with human intestinal bacteria, quercetin, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid were found as metabolites. The main metabolite was quercetin. The bacterium transforming quercitrin to quercetin was Fusobacterium K-60. However, Bacteroides JY-6, which produced alpha-L-rhamnosidase, did not transform quercitrin to quercetin. Among quercitrin and its metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and 4-hydroxylphenylacetic acid had more potent activity than quercitrin on in vitro anti-platelet aggregation activity, and quercetin and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid showed more potent cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines than quercitrin and 4-hydroxylphenylacetic acid.
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297
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Chong KT, Miyazaki G, Morimoto H, Oda Y, Park SY. Structures of the deoxy and CO forms of haemoglobin from Dasyatis akajei, a cartilaginous fish. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D: BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 1999; 55:1291-300. [PMID: 10393295 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444999005934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The three-dimensional structures of the deoxy- and carbonmonoxyhaemoglobin (Hb) from Dasyatis akajei, a stingray, have been determined at 1.6 and 1.9 A resolution, respectively. This is one of the most distantly related vertebrate Hbs to human HbA. Both structures resemble the respective forms of HbA, indicating that the alpha2beta2-type tetramer and the mode of the quaternary structure change are common to Hbs of jawed vertebrates. Larger deviations between D. akajei Hb and human HbA are observed in various parts of the molecule, even in the E and F helices. Significant mutations and/or conformational changes are also observed around the haems, in the C-terminal region of the beta subunit, in the alpha1beta2 interface and in the organic phosphate-binding site of HbA. Despite these structural differences, the oxygen affinity, haem-haem interaction, Bohr effect and organic phosphate effect of D. akajei Hb are all only moderately reduced. Compared with human HbA, the overall r.m.s. deviation of main-chain atoms in the helical regions of bony fish Hbs is smaller than that of D. akajei Hb.
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298
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Chu GC, Park SY, Shiro Y, Yoshida T, Ikeda-Saito M. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of a recombinant bacterial heme oxygenase (Hmu O) from Corynebacterium diphtheriae. J Struct Biol 1999; 126:171-4. [PMID: 10388628 DOI: 10.1006/jsbi.1999.4122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hmu O is a 24-kDa soluble bacterial heme degradation enzyme found in the pathogen Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the causative agent of diphtheria. Similar to the mammalian heme oxygenase, it binds hemin stoichiometrically and catalyzes the oxygen-dependent conversion of hemin to biliverdin, carbon monoxide, and free iron. Iron is an essential nutrient for bacteria and especially important for pathogenesis. Here we report the first crystallization and preliminary crystallographic study of the heme-Hmu O complex formed from hemin and a recombinant Hmu O, which was expressed in Escherichia coli from a synthetic gene based on the putative hmu O gene sequence. Crystals of the heme-Hmu O complex were obtained by the sitting drop vapor diffusion method using a precipitant solution containing 18% (w/v) PEG 8000 and 0.2 M calcium acetate in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate (pH 6.5). Using synchrotron radiation, the heme-Hmu O crystal diffracted to 2.8 A resolution. It belongs to the monoclinic space group C2, with unit cell parameters a = 123.18 A, b = 44.51 A, c = 92.10 A, and beta = 123.3 degrees. Assuming one molecule of the heme-Hmu O complex per asymmetric unit, the calculated value of Vm is 2.89 A3/Da.
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299
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Moon YG, Lee HJ, Kim MR, Myung PK, Park SY, Sok DE. Conversion of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored alkaline phosphatase by GPI-PLD. Arch Pharm Res 1999; 22:249-54. [PMID: 10403126 DOI: 10.1007/bf02976358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic conversion of brain glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked alkaline phosphatase (GPI-AP), amphiphilic, was examined. When GPI-AP was incubated with glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D (GPI-PLD), a negligible conversion of GPI-AP to hydrophilic form was observed. The inclusion of monoacylglycerols enhanced the enzymatic conversion, although the action of monoacylglycerols differed greatly according to the size of acyl group; the enzymatic conversion was enhanced considerably in the presence of monoacylglycerols possessing acyl group of longer chain length (C10-C18), while monoacylglycerols with acyl moiety of shorter length (C4-C8) did fail to augment the enzymatic conversion. Noteworthy, monooleoylglycerol was much more effective than the other monoacylglycerols in promoting the enzymatic conversion, indicating a beneficial role of the unsaturation in acyl chain. Meanwhile, ionic amphiphiles such as monohexadecyllysophosphatidylcholine and palmitoyl-carnitine decreased the enzymatic conversion of GPI-AP in a concentration-dependent manner, with monohexadecyllysophosphatidylcholine being more inhibitory than palmitoylcarnitine. Separately, when GPI-AP was exposed to various oxidants prior to the incubation with GPI-PLD, a remarkable decrease of the enzymatic conversion was observed with hypochlorite and peroxynitrite generators, but not H2O2. In further study, hypochlorite was found to inactivate GPI-PLD at low concentrations (3 to approximately 100 microM). From these results, it is suggested that the enzymatic conversion of GPI-AP by GPI-PLD may be regulated in vivo system.
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300
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Yoon KA, Ku JL, Yang HK, Kim WH, Park SY, Park JG. Germline mutations of E-cadherin gene in Korean familial gastric cancer patients. J Hum Genet 1999; 44:177-80. [PMID: 10319582 DOI: 10.1007/s100380050137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the most common cancer in Korea. Germline mutations of the E-cadherin gene have recently been identified in familial gastric cancer patients. We screened five Korean familial gastric cancer patients to investigate germline mutations of the E-cadherin gene. These patients fulfilled the following criteria: presence of at least two gastric cancer patients within first-degree relatives and one patient diagnosed before the age of 50 years. Abnormal band patterns were found in exons 6 and 10 in two familial gastric cancer patients by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis (probands from the SNU-G2 and SNU-G1001 families, respectively). DNA sequencing analysis of the E-cadherin gene of these two patients revealed missense mutations in each exon. The SNU-G2 proband harbored a missense mutation from aspartic acid (GAT) to glycine (GGT) at codon 244 in exon 6 of the E-cadherin gene, and the SNU-G1001 proband had a missense mutation from valine (GTG) to alanine (GCG) at codon 487 in exon 10. The SNU-G2 proband was diagnosed with gastric cancer at the age of 38; three brothers and two sisters had died of gastric cancer under the age of 50, and their mother had died of gastric cancer at the age of 63. The SNU-G1001 proband was diagnosed with gastric cancer at the age of 42 and one brother had died of gastric cancer at the age of 49. In summary, we found germline mutations of the E-cadherin gene in two of five Korean familial gastric cancer patients screened.
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