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Donabedian AM, DeBorde DC, Cook S, Smitka CW, Maassab HF. A mutation in the PA protein gene of cold-adapted B/Ann Arbor/1/66 influenza virus associated with reversion of temperature sensitivity and attenuated virulence. Virology 1988; 163:444-51. [PMID: 3354203 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(88)90285-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Reassortant SG3 inherits only the acidic polymerase (PA) protein gene from the cold-adapted B/AA/1/66 influenza virus (ca B/AA/1/66) and all remaining genes from a virulent, wild-type virus. This reassortant demonstrates attenuated virulence in ferrets and expresses a ts phenotype characteristic of the ca parent. During virulence evaluation of SG3, a virulent, non-ts revertant virus (designated SG3rFL) was isolated from the lungs of one ferret. In order to determine whether the reversion of SG3 resulted from mutation of the PA gene and/or as the result of extragenic supressor mutations, the revertant PA gene of SG3rFL was transferred to a reassortant (SG3r) inheriting only the revertant PA gene from SG3rFL and all remaining genes from SG3. Reassortant SG3r was non-ts and virulent, indicating that mutation of the PA gene was sufficient for the reversion of the ts and attenuation phenotypes expressed by SG3rFL. The nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of the SG3rFL PA gene were determined and compared to those of wt and ca B/AA/1/66. The predicted PA proteins of wt and ca B/AA/1/66 are known to differ by six amino acid substitutions including a valine to methionine substitution at residue 431. The PA proteins of ca B/AA/1/66 and SG3rFL were distinguished by only the single amino acid substitution of methionine to isoluecine also occurring at residue 431. Thus, the methionine residue was implicated in the attenuation of ca B/AA/1/66 and its reassortants. The hydropathic properties of valine, isoleucine, and methionine suggested that reversion involved the restoration of hydrophobic character at this site.
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277
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Alber T, Bell JA, Sun DP, Nicholson H, Wozniak JA, Cook S, Matthews BW. Replacements of Pro86 in phage T4 lysozyme extend an alpha-helix but do not alter protein stability. Science 1988; 239:631-5. [PMID: 3277275 DOI: 10.1126/science.3277275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the relation between protein stability and the predicted stabilities of individual secondary structural elements, residue Pro86 in an alpha-helix in phage T4 lysozyme was replaced by ten different amino acids. The x-ray crystal structures of seven of the mutant lysozymes were determined at high resolution. In each case, replacement of the proline resulted in the formation of an extended alpha-helix. This involves a large conformational change in residues 81 to 83 and smaller shifts that extend 20 angstroms across the protein surface. Unexpectedly, all ten amino acid substitutions marginally reduce protein thermostability. This insensitivity of stability to the amino acid at position 86 is not simply explained by statistical and thermodynamic criteria for helical propensity. The observed conformational changes illustrate a general mechanism by which proteins can tolerate mutations.
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278
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279
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Harding A, Dunlap J, Cook S, Mattalino A, Azar F, O'Brien M, Kester M. Osteoporotic correlates of alcoholism in young males. Orthopedics 1988; 11:279-82. [PMID: 3357845 DOI: 10.3928/0147-7447-19880201-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A group of 22 white males (ages, 28 to 40 years) with histories of chronic alcohol abuse ranging from 1 to 21 years were evaluated for trabecular bone mineral density in the left femoral neck area. A group of age and weight-matched white males with no history of alcoholism served as controls. All participants completed medical history questionnaires regarding fracture history, dietary habits, medications, and physical activity. Singh femoral trabecular indices also were measured for the alcoholic participants. Analysis of bone mineral data as measured by dual photon absorptiometry revealed no statistically significant reduction in the bone mineral densities of the alcoholic group when compared to the controls. No differences were seen in the areas of the femoral neck, Ward's triangle, and greater trochanter. Duration of alcoholism also was not correlated with the degree of osteopenia. Singh index measurements of right and left femoral heads were compared and revealed no significant differences within individual patients. Left femoral Singh index values averaged 5.5 (range, 4 to 6) for the alcoholic group and were not indicative of decreased bone mineral density. It is concluded from this study that chronic alcoholism associated with heavy smoking most likely has a debilitating effect on the trabecular bone density of white males, yet clinical and radiographic evidence is not widely manifested in men under the age of 40 years.
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280
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Eberle J, Wang TL, Cook S, Wells B, Weiler EW. Immunoassay and ultrastructural localization of isopentenyladenine and related cytokinins using monoclonal antibodies. PLANTA 1987; 172:289-297. [PMID: 24225913 DOI: 10.1007/bf00398657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/1986] [Accepted: 04/14/1987] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Two hybridoma cell lines, J40-IV-A1 and J40-IV-C4 were obtained from a fusion of spleen cells of Balb/c mice immunized against an isopentenyladenosine-bovine serum albumin conjugate with X63. Ag 8.653 myeloma cells. These hybrids secrete monoclonal antibodies of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class and share high affinities and specificities to isopentenyladenine and isopentenyladenosine suitable for the detection of femtomole amounts of these cytokinins in plant extracts by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). One of the monoclonal antibodies (J40-IV-C4) has been employed to localize isopentenyladenine immunoreactivity in a cytokinin-over-producing mutant of the moss, Physcomitrella patens. After fixation and embedding at low temperature, immunoreactivity was visualized in protonemal filaments of the moss mutant by the use of indirect immunogold labelling. In the mutant, the labelling was predominantly in the wall of the protonemal cells. Neither the wild-type nor control treatments showed any labelling. The signficance of these observations is discussed with respect to the applicability of immunocytochemical techniques for the localization of low-molecular-weight compounds in plant tissue.
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281
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Alber T, Bell J, Cook S, Nye JA, Daopin S, Wilson K, Wozniak J, Matthews BW. Correlations between structure and thermodynamic stability of phage T4 lysozyme. Acta Crystallogr A 1987. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767387085131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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282
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Epstein L, Blumberg B, Crowley J, Samuel K, Goudsmit J, Cook S, Dowling P. Serum antibodies to HTLV-I in human demyelinating disease. Acta Neurol Scand 1987; 75:231-3. [PMID: 2884798 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb07925.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Serum HTLV-I antibodies were measured in 17 MS patients and 2 closely matched control groups by 2 different independent assays. A highly sensitive particle agglutination test was used to detect HTLV-I core protein antigens and an immunoblot assay with E. coli-expressed P21E transmembrane protein was employed to detect antibodies to HTLV-I evelope antigens. No serologic evidence of prior HTLV-I infection in our population of multiple sclerosis (MS) or Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) patients was found.
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283
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Hill GJ, Cook S, Ruditzky A. The tumor registry, the computer, and lung cancer. NEW JERSEY MEDICINE : THE JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SOCIETY OF NEW JERSEY 1987; 84:120-3. [PMID: 3470637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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284
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Crowley J, Dowling P, Menonna J, Schanzer B, Young E, Cook S, Blumberg B. Molecular cloning of 99% of measles virus genome, positive identification of 5' end clones, and mapping of the L gene region. Intervirology 1987; 28:65-77. [PMID: 3443536 DOI: 10.1159/000149998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular probes specific for paramyxovirus 3' and 5' end sequences are essential for studying viral transcription and replication and the role of defective interfering particles in these processes. We have constructed from measles virus genomic RNA an ordered series of overlapping clones containing over 99% of measles virus genetic information. Clones corresponding to the 3' and 5' ends of the genome were identified by means of a probe made from 'capped' genomic RNA, and their location was confirmed by primer extension experiments. Clones representing the N, P/C, M, F, and H genes were identified by reference to previously characterized clones, and their positions in the genome were defined by restriction analysis and S1 nuclease mapping of intercistronic clones. The L gene region was characterized by site-to-site restriction mapping and measured as 6,550 nucleotides in length.
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285
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Devereux C, Cook S, Troiano R, Hafstein M, Zito G, Hernandez E, Lavenhar M, Vidaver R, Dowling P. Immunosuppressive therapy of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis by modified total lymphoid Irradiation: Technique, efficacy and side effects. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0360-3016(86)90580-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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286
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Flandry F, Burke S, Roberts JM, Hall S, Drouilhet A, Davis G, Cook S. Functional ambulation in myelodysplasia: the effect of orthotic selection on physical and physiologic performance. J Pediatr Orthop 1986; 6:661-5. [PMID: 3793886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic demands of ambulation in a reciprocation gait orthosis (RGO) were compared with those in conventional bracing (hip-knee-ankle-foot orthosis) and wheelchair use in eight myelodysplastic children. Heart rate was significantly increased during swing-through gait compared with that during wheelchair use (p less than 0.01). Oxygen consumption studies showed a significant increase in swing-through gait over that in wheelchair use. These values for RGO use approximated wheelchair use. These results suggest a more favorable prognosis for long-term functional ambulation in higher-level myelodysplastic patients if they are fitted with an RGO.
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287
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Entis P, Allen J, Bhatnagar A, Brouwer A, Catherwood K, Chrunyk P, Comar P, Cook S, Coulter R, Creighton J, Currie A, Elliott P, Fawcett JA, Haines G, Hall PA, Harrell FM, Harris K, Hopkins K, Jones D, Joy J, Lam J, Lammerding AM, Langford M, Levine D, Myers J, Nelson T, Nielsen PK, Nolan DA, Park M, Pearson C, Pettipas R, Prychitko S, Pryor BM, Rauch W, Reaves LA, Roberts B, Szabo R, Talbot L, Taylor C, Toms S, Wagner C, White S, Wilson P. Hydrophobic Grid Membrane Filter Method for Aerobic Plate Count in Foods: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 1986. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/69.4.671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Twenty-one laboratories participated in a collaborative study to validate a hydrophobic grid membrane filter (HGMF) method for aerobic plate count by comparing its performance against the AOAC/APHA pour plate method. Raw milk, raw poultry, whole egg powder, flours, and spices were included in the study. Counts obtained by the HGMF and pour plate methods did not differ significantly, except in the case of whole egg powder, for which the HGMF method produced significantly higher counts. The hydrophobic grid membrane filter method for aerobic plate count in foods has been adopted official first action.
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288
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Zeitlin IJ, Al-Dhahir HA, Cook S, Currie A, Donovan K. Bile acids and the intestinal kallikrein-kinin system. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1986; 198 Pt A:47-53. [PMID: 3643718 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5143-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We have measured concentrations of tissue kallikrein-like amidase (TKLA) in blood-free rat gastrointestinal tissue. TKLA was present in the gut wall from the stomach to the rectum with concentration peaks in the duodenum and caecum. When rats, fasted for 24 hr were compared with normally fed animals, the mean fasted TKLA levels rose significantly in the duodenum and proximal and distal colons and fell in the caecum. No other tissues showed concentration changes. Sodium chenodeoxycholate and other bile acids have biological actions on the rat intestinal wall which are similar to those produced by the kallikrein-kinin system. We have previously reported that bile acids released TKLA from the rat colon wall. This TKLA was totally inhibited by aprotinin. We now report that intraluminal sodium chenodeoxycholate (30 mM) increases both colonic motility and colonic mucosal leakage. These increases are largely blocked by aprotinin. The ability of intraluminal sodium taurochenodeoxycholate to increase vascular leakage in the rat stomach and colon was parallelled by its ability to release TKLA from these issues. Our results are compatible with the mediation of these biological actions of the tested bile acids via activation of a serine proteinase, possibly tissue kallikrein.
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289
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Wang TL, Griggs P, Cook S. Immunoassays for Plant Growth Regulators — A Help or a Hindrance? PROCEEDINGS IN LIFE SCIENCES 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-71018-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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290
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Cook S, Cohen RM. Evaluating a workshop model for improving diabetes patient education programs: is it really successful? DIABETES EDUCATOR 1986; 12:48-50. [PMID: 3633811 DOI: 10.1177/014572178601200112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Over a threx-year period, 54 health professionals at tended three two-day workshops designed to improve diabetes patient education programs, par ticularly program manage ment and evaluation of skills. A commitment-to- change strategy was used to determine the long-term effectiveness of the workshops. Fifty-nine per cent overall of the com mitments to change were reported as attained in the six-month follow-up surveys. The evidence suggests not only that the workshops were suc cessful, but that measurable changes in participants' programs can be attained in a cost- effective manner.
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291
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Jacobs S, Cook S, Svoboda ME, Van Wyk JJ. Interaction of the monoclonal antibodies alpha IR-1 and alpha IR-3 with insulin and somatomedin-C receptors. Endocrinology 1986; 118:223-6. [PMID: 2416553 DOI: 10.1210/endo-118-1-223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
alpha IR-3, a monoclonal antibody that interacts with the somatomedin-C receptor, inhibited the binding of somatomedin-C, but not of insulin, to human placental membranes and intact IM-9 cells. alpha IR-1, a monoclonal antibody that interacts with the insulin receptor, did not inhibit the binding of either hormone. Inhibition of somatomedin-C binding by alpha IR-3 was mainly due to a decrease in its affinity. 125I-Labeled alpha IR-3 bound specifically to placental membranes and intact IM-9 cells and was inhibited by concentrations of unlabeled alpha IR-3 that were lower than those required to inhibit somatomedin-C binding. [125I]alpha IR-3 binding was also inhibited by somatomedin-C and insulin, but only at very high concentrations. A410, a rabbit antiserum that reacts with both receptors for insulin and somatomedin-C, also inhibited labeled alpha IR-3 binding. alpha IR-I did not. These results help to define the epitopes with which these antibodies interact.
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292
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Eastham EJ, Papadatos J, Cook S, Stoddart JC. A review of paediatric admissions to a general intensive therapy unit over a 13-year period. Intensive Care Med 1985; 11:252-3. [PMID: 4067060 DOI: 10.1007/bf00260356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Paediatric admissions to a general ITU are briefly reviewed. Although it may not be an ideal arrangement it is suggested that children can be safely cared for in such a unit. The problems created by the child with acute upper airway obstruction are discussed to demonstrate the way in which the unit is organized to receive acutely ill children.
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293
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Donnelly PK, Cook S, Eastham E. Reye's syndrome and organ transplantation. Lancet 1985; 1:289. [PMID: 2857358 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(85)91069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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294
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Troiano R, Hafstein M, Ruderman M, Dowling P, Cook S. Effect of high-dose intravenous steroid administration on contrast-enhancing computed tomographic scan lesions in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1984; 15:257-63. [PMID: 6721447 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410150309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Six consecutive patients with multiple sclerosis and lesions contrast enhancing on computed tomographic scan were treated with high-dose intravenous infusions of methylprednisolone. Double-dose delayed computed tomographic scans were repeated at varying intervals during corticosteroid treatment. Contrast enhancement of sclerotic plaques was reduced or eliminated within as little as 8 hours after the first infusion. Rapid associated partial clinical improvement was noted in four patients with recent exacerbations of disease activity. Similar attenuation of contrast-enhancing plaques and clinical improvement were less predictable following oral corticosteroid therapy in conventional dosage. These studies suggest that the dose, route of administration, and duration of corticosteroid therapy in multiple sclerosis may partially determine the effect of treatment.
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295
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Earls F, Cook S. Play observations of three-year old children and their relationship to parental reports of behavior problems and temperament characteristics. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 1983; 13:225-32. [PMID: 6205829 DOI: 10.1007/bf00709556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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296
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297
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Ansari R, Scheiderman LJ, Bass RA, Cook S. Ethnic group response to preventive health education. URBAN HEALTH 1982; 11:33-5, 48. [PMID: 10257763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Using the ratio of preventive visits to episodic visits as an index of health care utilization in response to an education campaign which emphasized the value of prevention, we analyzed the response of white, Mexican-American, and black subjects in a community health center. We found that: (1) whites make a relatively larger proportion of preventive care visits than Mexican-Americans, who made proportionately more preventive health care visits than blacks. The difference between whites and blacks was statistically significant (p less than .05). (2) When socioeconomic levels were held constant, as measured by insurance categories, no ethnic differences in preventive vs episodic health care visits were found. (3) On the other hand significant differences in such health care behavior emerged when indices of family structure and employment were isolated. Mexican-Americans seek proportionately less preventive care in families in which one parent is absent and no adult is employed. In contrast, blacks seek proportionately less preventive care in families in which both parents are present at at least one adult is employed.
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298
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Lavernia C, Cook S, Weinstein A, Klawitter J. [Structural analysis of dental implants]. REVISTA ODONTOLOGICA DE PUERTO RICO 1982; 19:18-22. [PMID: 6821565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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299
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Bird CE, Cook S, Owen S, Sterns EE, Clark AF. Plasma concentrations of C-19 steroids, estrogens, FSH, LH and prolactin in post-menopausal women with an without breast cancer. Oncology 1981; 38:365-8. [PMID: 6795556 DOI: 10.1159/000225589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The plasma levels of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, delta 5-androstene-3 beta-17 beta-diol, delta 4-androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, estrone, estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and prolactin were measured in normal post-menopausal women and in post-menopausal women with proven breast cancer. The mean prolactin level was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) and the mean 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone level lower (p less than 0.05) for the women the breast cancer. There were no significant differences for any of the other hormones. As well, there were no significant differences for the extent of binding of testosterone and delta 5-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol to plasma proteins between the two groups of subjects.
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300
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Broski DC, Schimpfhauser FT, Cook S. A response to Leiken and Cunningham. JOURNAL OF ALLIED HEALTH 1980; 9:139-40. [PMID: 7400030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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