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Rogers WA, Gilbert DK, Cabrera EF. An analysis of automatic teller machine usage by older adults: a structured interview approach. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 1997; 28:173-180. [PMID: 9414354 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-6870(96)00076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
It is often assumed that automatic teller machines (ATMs) are inherently easy to use and require no training. However, there is evidence to suggest that ATM users do experience difficulty when learning to use the system. The purpose of the present study was to conduct an in-depth analysis of ATM usage by older adults. Our approach consisted of telephone interviews followed by structured individual interviews. The goals were to understand the problems encountered by ATM users, to determine how ATMs might be better designed and to assess the training needs of older individuals. The phone interview data provide information about the relationships between age, sex and ATM usage within the adult sample, as well as information about why some people choose not to use ATMs. The structured interview data provide a more in-depth view of the concerns of both users and non-users, and information about training needs. The training and design implications of the results are discussed.
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277
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Hayden KJ, Rogers WA. Redescription of Myxobolus paralintoni (Myxosporea:Myxobolidae), with notes regarding new host and locality. J Parasitol 1997; 83:283-6. [PMID: 9105312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Myxobolus paralintoni Li and Desser, 1985, is redescribed from infected cardiac tissue of redbreast sunfish. Lepomis auritus Linnaeus, from the Potomac River in Montgomery County, Maryland. Mature and developing spores were contained within trophozoites from the collagenous connective tissues of the bulbus arteriosus. Two distinct trophozoites types were found; a thick-walled cyst and a relatively thin-walled "compartmentalized" cyst. Mature spores measure 11.7 13.5 microns in length and 9.0-10.6 microns in width. Polar capsule length and width are 4.5-6.5 microns and 2.7-3.8 microns, respectively, with no intercapsular process present. The sutural ridge had 8-11 triangular folds and the sporoplasm contained a large iodinophilous vacuole. Spores of M. paralintoni are compared with other morphologically similar species of Myxobolus reported from North America.
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278
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Salinas TJ, Guerra LR, Rogers WA. Aesthetic considerations for maxillary obturators retained by implants. PRACTICAL PERIODONTICS AND AESTHETIC DENTISTRY : PPAD 1997; 9:265-279. [PMID: 9553499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Maxillary obturators are prostheses used to replace maxillary tissues, missing congenitally or removed by trauma or tumor ablative surgery. These prostheses are used to restore function (speech, swallowing, and mastication) and aesthetics. A considerable number of edentulous patients have difficulty in retaining this type of prosthesis. Utilization of osseointegrated dental implants is a significant adjunct in treating these cases, but it must be undertaken with careful planning to ensure predictable aesthetic results. The learning objective of this article is to discuss the technique of designing aesthetic maxillary prostheses supported by osseointegrated dental implants. The discussion includes indications and contraindications, and a postcarcinoma surgery case is used to illustrate the clinical procedure.
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279
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Sadan A, Rogers WA. The milled implant-supported prosthesis: a treatment alternative for the edentulous mandible. PRACTICAL PERIODONTICS AND AESTHETIC DENTISTRY : PPAD 1997; 9:315-26; quiz 328. [PMID: 9553504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The milled implant-supported prosthesis offers the benefits of fixed and removable restorations. Its infrastructure provides the same rigidity as the fixed restoration, due to the precise fit to the superstructure that is removable to promote adequate access for hygiene, yet provides lip support and maintains close contact with the soft tissues. These advantages enhance phonetics, aesthetics, correct lip support, and maintenance. The learning objective of this article is to discuss the indications for milled implant-supported restorations, review the scientific background of materials and techniques utilized, and describe the clinical and laboratory procedures involved. An uncomplicated and cost-effective impression technique is outlined, and the numerous steps of infra- and superstructure fabrication are presented.
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280
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Schmitter-Edgecombe M, Rogers WA. Automatic process development following severe closed head injury. Neuropsychology 1997; 11:296-308. [PMID: 9110336 DOI: 10.1037/0894-4105.11.2.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Automatic process development was investigated in a closed head injury (CHI) population. Ten severe CHI participants (> 1 year postinjury) and 10 matched controls completed consistent mapping (CM) and varied mapping (VM) semantic-category memory search tasks. In VM search, despite a similar pattern of serial memory search, the CHI participants responded slower than controls and exhibited slower memory search rates throughout practice (1,800 trials). In CM search, after extensive practice (1,800 trials) both groups showed the performance characteristics indicative of automatic process development, that is, near-zero slopes and large reductions in response times. However, the CHI participants were slower to automatize the task. These results indicate that for memory-based search tasks the effects of a CHI may slow down the speed with which automatic processes develop but that CHI participants can acquire and use automatic processes in task performance.
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281
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Fisk AD, Rogers WA, Cooper BP, Gilbert DK. Automatic category search and its transfer: aging, type of search, and level of learning. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 1997; 52:P91-102. [PMID: 9060984 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/52b.2.p91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the site of learning as a function of task type and age. Two experiments examined whether learning in semantic category search is exclusive to trained elements of categories or generalizable to other elements of the trained categories. Specifically, we examined how practice searching for small subsets of exemplars from taxonomic categories transferred to untrained elements of those categories. Young and old adults received extensive practice on memory search (Experiment 1) or visual search (Experiment 2) tasks. Participants then transferred to conditions assessing whether learning was exclusive to the trained words or generalizable to other elements of the trained categories. The site of learning in memory search appears to be at the category level for both young and old adults. Level of learning in visual search appears to differ as a function of age. Young adults' learning generalizes to the category level, whereas older adults' learning is specific to the trained words.
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282
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Rogers WA, Fisk AD. ATM Design and Training Issues: Human Factors Input to Automatic Teller Machines Can Enhance - and Maybe Increase - Their Use. ERGONOMICS IN DESIGN 1997. [DOI: 10.1177/106480469700500102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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283
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Rogers WA, Salinas TJ, Novoselsky A. Maxillary definitive obturators: rationale of design. JOURNAL OF DENTAL TECHNOLOGY : THE PEER-REVIEWED PUBLICATION OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF DENTAL LABORATORIES 1996; 13:19-26. [PMID: 9516265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Maxillary definitive obturators are usually fabricated for patients who have an acquired defect. The obturators help patients with speech, swallowing, mastication, esthetics and psychological well-being. The main goals in restoring a maxillary defect with a completely edentulous or partially dentate obturator are to provide adequate retention, increased stability and strong vertical support. This article addresses the step-by-step fabrication of a maxillary obturator that meets these goals.
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284
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Rogers WA, Fisk AD, Mead SE, Walker N, Cabrera EF. Training older adults to use automatic teller machines. HUMAN FACTORS 1996; 38:425-433. [PMID: 8865767 DOI: 10.1518/001872096778701935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The present study assessed the success of several instructional programs in teaching the use of automatic teller machines (ATMs). Fifty-six older adults (aged 61 to 81) participated in the study, randomly assigned to each of four, 14-member groups. The description group received only a general overview of an ATM; the text guide group received written instructions for performing various transactions on an ATM; the pictorial guide group received written instructions accompanied by pictures of corresponding ATM screens; and the online tutorial group completed a step-by-step tutorial on a simulated ATM. Participants practiced on an ATM simulator. They were tested after a 24-h interval on their ability to perform familiar transactions on an unfamiliar ATM simulator and to perform completely novel transactions. Accuracy was best for the online tutorial group, intermediate for the text and pictorial guide groups, and worst for the description group. These data demonstrate both the importance of providing older adults with ATM training and the fact that the type of training influences the level of performance. The online tutorial, which provided specific practice on the task components, best facilitated acquisition and transfer performance.
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285
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Abstract
The present study investigated age-related differences in perceptual learning. We assessed performance and learning on a semantic category visual search task. We investigated whether prepractice was beneficial for general learning and for automatic attention response development. In terms of general learning, prepractice was beneficial, especially for older adults; however, prepractice did not benefit automatic attention response development. The implications of these results for training purposes are discussed.
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286
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Rogers WA, Cabrera EF, Walker N, Gilbert DK, Fisk AD. A survey of automatic teller machine usage across the adult life span. HUMAN FACTORS 1996; 38:156-166. [PMID: 8682517 DOI: 10.1518/001872096778940723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze automatic teller machine (ATM) usage across the adult life span. We conducted an extensive survey of 9000 people in the Memphis and Atlanta metropolitan areas. Approximately 17% of those people responded. The survey assessed detailed demographic information, experience with technology in general, experience specifically related to ATMs, problems and dislikes with ATMs, and reasons that people do not use ATMs. The survey provided a valuable set of data. First, we have detailed information about the demographics and individual characteristics of ATM users and nonusers; importantly, these data are stratified across the adult life span. In addition, we know the likes and dislikes of ATM users and the types of problems they typically have using ATMs. Moreover, we have detailed analysis of why adults of all ages may choose not to use ATMs. Training and design implications of these data are discussed.
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287
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Rogers WA, Gust M. Mastering the dental surveyor: an instrument for the whole laboratory. TRENDS & TECHNIQUES IN THE CONTEMPORARY DENTAL LABORATORY 1995; 12:25-9. [PMID: 9584709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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288
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Rogers WA, Bertus EL, Gilbert DK. Dual-task assessment of age differences in automatic process development. Psychol Aging 1995. [PMID: 7999325 DOI: 10.1037//0882-7974.9.3.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present experiment assessed dual-task performance in 20 young (mean age 21) and 20 old (mean age 72) adults. Ss first received extensive single-task practice on consistent and varied search tasks. Next, they received dual-task practice in 2 conditions: (a) varied visual search plus varied memory search and (b) consistent visual search plus varied memory search. In the varied-varied condition, young and old adults showed similar dual-task decrements. These results, along with the current data in the literature, suggest that practice may play an important role in determining age-related dual-task differences (or lack thereof). In the consistent-varied condition, young adults attained single-task performance levels, because they had automatized the consistent task. Old adults were unable to match their single-task performance levels, indicating that they were unable to automatize the consistent task.
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289
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Fisk AD, Hertzog C, Lee MD, Rogers WA, Anderson-Garlach M. Long-term retention of skilled visual search: do young adults retain more than old adults? Psychol Aging 1994. [PMID: 8054168 DOI: 10.1037//0882-7974.9.2.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Young and old Ss received extensive consistent-mapping visual search practice (3,000 trials). The Ss returned to the laboratory following a 16-month retention interval. Retention of skilled visual search was assessed using the trained stimuli (assessment of retention of stimulus-specific learning) and using new stimuli (assessment of retention of task-specific learning). All Ss, regardless of age group, demonstrated impressive retention. However, age-related retention differences favoring the young were observed when retention of stimulus-specific learning was assessed. No age-related retention differences were observed when task-specific learning was assessed. The data suggest that age-related retention capabilities depend on the type of learning assessed.
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290
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Rogers WA, Bertus EL, Gilbert DK. Dual-task assessment of age differences in automatic process development. Psychol Aging 1994; 9:398-413. [PMID: 7999325 DOI: 10.1037/0882-7974.9.3.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The present experiment assessed dual-task performance in 20 young (mean age 21) and 20 old (mean age 72) adults. Ss first received extensive single-task practice on consistent and varied search tasks. Next, they received dual-task practice in 2 conditions: (a) varied visual search plus varied memory search and (b) consistent visual search plus varied memory search. In the varied-varied condition, young and old adults showed similar dual-task decrements. These results, along with the current data in the literature, suggest that practice may play an important role in determining age-related dual-task differences (or lack thereof). In the consistent-varied condition, young adults attained single-task performance levels, because they had automatized the consistent task. Old adults were unable to match their single-task performance levels, indicating that they were unable to automatize the consistent task.
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291
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Rogers WA, Fisk AD, Hertzog C. Do ability-performance relationships differentiate age and practice effects in visual search? J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 1994. [PMID: 8207376 DOI: 10.1037//0278-7393.20.3.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Relationships between abilities and performance in visual search were investigated for young and old adults. Ss received extensive practice on category search task. A consistent version allowed development of an automatic attention response; a varied version allowed general performance improvements. Transfer conditions assessed learning. General ability, induction, semantic knowledge, working memory, perceptual speed, semantic memory access, and psychomotor speed were assessed. LISREL models revealed that general ability and semantic memory access predicted initial performance for both ages. Improvements on both the consistent and varied tasks were predicted by perceptual speed. Ability-performance relationships indexed performance changes but were not predictive of learning (i.e., automatic process vs. general efficiency). Qualitative differences in the ability-transfer models suggest age differences in learning.
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292
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Fisk AD, Hertzog C, Lee MD, Rogers WA, Anderson-Garlach M. Long-term retention of skilled visual search: do young adults retain more than old adults? Psychol Aging 1994; 9:206-15. [PMID: 8054168 DOI: 10.1037/0882-7974.9.2.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Young and old Ss received extensive consistent-mapping visual search practice (3,000 trials). The Ss returned to the laboratory following a 16-month retention interval. Retention of skilled visual search was assessed using the trained stimuli (assessment of retention of stimulus-specific learning) and using new stimuli (assessment of retention of task-specific learning). All Ss, regardless of age group, demonstrated impressive retention. However, age-related retention differences favoring the young were observed when retention of stimulus-specific learning was assessed. No age-related retention differences were observed when task-specific learning was assessed. The data suggest that age-related retention capabilities depend on the type of learning assessed.
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293
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Rogers WA, Fisk AD, Hertzog C. Do ability-performance relationships differentiate age and practice effects in visual search? J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 1994; 20:710-38. [PMID: 8207376 DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.20.3.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Relationships between abilities and performance in visual search were investigated for young and old adults. Ss received extensive practice on category search task. A consistent version allowed development of an automatic attention response; a varied version allowed general performance improvements. Transfer conditions assessed learning. General ability, induction, semantic knowledge, working memory, perceptual speed, semantic memory access, and psychomotor speed were assessed. LISREL models revealed that general ability and semantic memory access predicted initial performance for both ages. Improvements on both the consistent and varied tasks were predicted by perceptual speed. Ability-performance relationships indexed performance changes but were not predictive of learning (i.e., automatic process vs. general efficiency). Qualitative differences in the ability-transfer models suggest age differences in learning.
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294
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Dulaney CL, Rogers WA. Mechanisms underlying reduction in Stroop interference with practice for young and old adults. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 1994; 20:470-84. [PMID: 8151280 DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.20.2.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Age-related factors in the reduction of Stroop interference with practice were examined in 3 studies. Young and old adults received extensive practice on a modified version of the Stroop task. Both groups showed reduced interference on the Stroop task with practice. Results suggest that young adults' reduction in Stroop interference was due to general task factors plus the development of a reading suppression response. The old adults' reduction in Stroop interference was attributed primarily to general task factors. Results indicate that old adults have greater difficulty than young adults in developing new automatic processes and modifying existing automatic processes. The implication of these findings for current models of Stroop interference is that, in addition to automatic processing, attentional mechanisms must be incorporated to account for the age-related differences.
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295
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Cognevich TJ, Rogers WA. The tube-tooth alternative. TRENDS & TECHNIQUES IN THE CONTEMPORARY DENTAL LABORATORY 1993; 10:23-5. [PMID: 8122062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The acrylic resin tube-tooth partial denture with an all-metal base can be an excellent restoration for cases where limited space or severe occlusal forces make using the standard metal/acrylic removable partial denture difficult or impossible.
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296
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Fisk AD, Rogers WA. "Toward an understanding of age-related memory and visual search effects": Clarification. J Exp Psychol Gen 1993. [DOI: 10.1037/0096-3445.122.2.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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297
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Rogers WA, Gust M. Mastering the dental surveyor: an instrument for the whole laboratory. TRENDS & TECHNIQUES IN THE CONTEMPORARY DENTAL LABORATORY 1993; 10:43-7. [PMID: 8362161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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298
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Abstract
Age differences in a semantic category visual search task were investigated to determine whether the age effects were due to target learning deficits, distractor learning deficits, or a combination thereof. Twelve young (mean age 20) and 12 older (mean age 70) adults received 2,400 trials each in consistent and varied versions of the search task. Following training, a series of transfer-reversal manipulations allowed the assessment of target learning and distractor learning both in isolation and in combination. The pattern of data suggests that older adults have a deficit in their ability to increase the attention-attraction strength of targets and to decrease the attention-attraction strength of distractors. The results are interpreted in terms of a strength-based framework of visual search performance.
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299
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Rogers WA, Elliott R, Aucoin L. The set-up and process of a mandibular hybrid denture. TRENDS & TECHNIQUES IN THE CONTEMPORARY DENTAL LABORATORY 1992; 9:49-53. [PMID: 1411078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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300
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Springstead MC, Rogers WA, Cline NV. The preliminary prosthetic consultation form. TRENDS & TECHNIQUES IN THE CONTEMPORARY DENTAL LABORATORY 1992; 9:59-63. [PMID: 1411071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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