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Kēpa M. Re: A New Zealand perspective on palliative care for Māori. J Palliat Care 2010; 26:135; author reply 135. [PMID: 20718399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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278
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Weaver H. Sciences from below: feminisms, postcolonialities, and modernities. PERSPECTIVES IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2010; 53:471-479. [PMID: 20639613 DOI: 10.1353/pbm.0.0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Sandra Harding's newest book, Sciences from Below: Feminisms, Postcolonialities, and Modernities, continues her work in feminist standpoint theory and science and technologies studies, asking how we might judge "good" science. Attentive to race, class, gender, and imperialism, Harding critically examines Northern and Southern sciences and technologies by adopting the perspective of those who see from below. This vision from the peripheries lets Harding question stories of modern scientific progress, revealing a multiplicity of "ethnosciences" and critiquing modernity itself. However, while Harding aims to produce knowledge for the North's others by emphasizing woman's experience, she fails to question the category "woman," ignoring contemporary transgender and queer scholarship. Further, it is Harding's care for the North's subjugated others that motivates her writing, revealing that the struggle to achieve the standpoint "from below" so critical to her project is fueled by what her ally Maria Puig de la Bellacasa would term not thinking from, but thinking with, or, more precisely, "thinking with care."
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Abstract
This paper offers an ethnography of the medicalization of matted locks of hair (jade) worn by female ecstatics in a South Indian devi (goddess) cult. These jade are taken by devotees of the devi Yellamma to be a manifestation of her presence in the bodies of women who enter possession states and give oracles. At her temples across the central Deccan Plateau, Yellamma women can be seen wearing heavy locks of matted hair anointed with turmeric, the color and healing properties of which are identified with this devi. Under a recent government-sponsored campaign, reformers cut jade and hand out packets of shampoo as a means of reforming the extended and illicit sexuality of these women. Associations between sexuality and hair practices have long preoccupied anthropologists interested in the relationship between the body and culture. In this paper, I draw on this literature and more than 2 years of field research to consider the encounter between biomedical and Shakta epistemologies of the body dramatized in these jade cutting campaigns. This effort to remake the body as a fit site and sign of modernity elaborates the postcolonial politics of sexuality, gender and religiosity in India.
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Abstract
The world's almost 400 million Indigenous people have low standards of health. This poor health is associated with poverty, malnutrition, overcrowding, poor hygiene, environmental contamination, and prevalent infections. Inadequate clinical care and health promotion, and poor disease prevention services aggravate this situation. Some Indigenous groups, as they move from traditional to transitional and modern lifestyles, are rapidly acquiring lifestyle diseases, such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes, and physical, social, and mental disorders linked to misuse of alcohol and of other drugs. Correction of these inequities needs increased awareness, political commitment, and recognition rather than governmental denial and neglect of these serious and complex problems. Indigenous people should be encouraged, trained, and enabled to become increasingly involved in overcoming these challenges.
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282
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Alatout S. Bringing abundance into environmental politics: Constructing a Zionist network of water abundance, immigration, and colonization. SOCIAL STUDIES OF SCIENCE 2009; 39:363-394. [PMID: 19848183 DOI: 10.1177/0306312708101979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
For more than five decades, resource scarcity has been the lead story in debates over environmental politics. More importantly, and whenever environmental politics implies conflict, resource scarcity is constructed as the culprit. Abundance of resources, if at all visited in the literature, holds less importance. Resource abundance is seen, at best, as the other side of scarcity--maybe the successful conclusion of multiple interventions that may turn scarcity into abundance. This paper reinstates abundance as a politico-environmental category in its own right. Rather than relegating abundance to a second-order environmental actor that matters only on occasion, this paper foregrounds it as a crucial element in modern environmental politics. On the substantive level, and using insights from science and technology studies, especially a slightly modified actor-network framework, I describe the emergence and consolidation of a Zionist network of abundance, immigration, and colonization in Palestine between 1918 and 1948. The essential argument here is that water abundance was constructed as fact, and became a political rallying point around which a techno-political network emerged that included a great number of elements. To name just a few, the following were enrolled in the service of such a network: geologists, geophysicists, Zionist settlement experts, Zionist organizations, political and technical categories of all sorts, Palestinians as the negated others, Palestinian revolts in search of political rights, the British Mandate authorities, the hydrological system of Palestine, and the absorptive capacity of Palestine, among others. The point was to successfully articulate these disparate elements into a network that seeks opening Palestine for Jewish immigration, redefining Palestinian geography and history through Judeo-Christian Biblical narratives, and, in the process, de-legitimizing political Palestinian presence in historic Palestine.
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283
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Krüger C. Medical missionaries in Africa. Lancet 2009; 373:1521-2. [PMID: 19410709 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60853-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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284
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Gunkel H. Through the postcolonial eyes: images of gender and female sexuality in contemporary South Africa. JOURNAL OF LESBIAN STUDIES 2009; 13:77-87. [PMID: 19197666 DOI: 10.1080/07380560802314219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This article explores cultural representations of the lesbian in post-apartheid South Africa by focusing on images by the Black lesbian activist and photographer Zanele Muholi. In her work Muholi challenges visual regimes of sexuality and the body by pointing to practices and commodities that transgress normative perceptions of (hetero)sexuality. At the same time her images visualize the negotiations of local representations of female same-sex intimacies and sexual identities with global lesbian cultures and identities. By doing so they are targeting the assumption--and its effects--that homosexuality cannot act as a signifier for a decolonized subject.
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285
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Wexler L. Identifying colonial discourses in Inupiat young people's narratives as a way to understand the no future of Inupiat youth suicide. AMERICAN INDIAN AND ALASKA NATIVE MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2009; 16:1-24. [PMID: 19340763 DOI: 10.5820/aian.1601.2009.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Alaska Native youth suffer disproportionately from suicide. Some researchers explain this by pointing to social disintegration brought on by rapid social change, but few make the connection to an ongoing colonialism explicit. This paper articulates some of the ways that colonial discourses affect Inupiat young people's self-conceptions, perceived choices, and, consequently, their behavioral health. Inupiat youth narratives will illustrate these connections and, in so doing, offer new ways to understand youth suicide in Native communities.
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286
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Wallace D. Things fall apart. Lancet 2008; 372:30. [PMID: 18603155 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60989-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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287
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Des C. Whenua--the key to Mâori health and well-being. NURSING NEW ZEALAND (WELLINGTON, N.Z. : 1995) 2008; 14:2. [PMID: 18610912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Hughes H. Awakening from addiction the Mâori way. NURSING NEW ZEALAND (WELLINGTON, N.Z. : 1995) 2008; 14:18-19. [PMID: 18610917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Edwards T, Taylor K. Decolonising cultural awareness. AUSTRALIAN NURSING JOURNAL (JULY 1993) 2008; 15:31-33. [PMID: 18575397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Albuquerque MC, Roffé R. The asymmetrical relationship between the health care professional and the patient in public hospitals. JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL DE BIOETHIQUE = INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS 2008; 19:165-206. [PMID: 18664009 DOI: 10.3917/jib.191.0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the health care professional and the patient is universally seen, in medicine, as the core of medical practice. Through it, the doctor acquires professional abilities and pursues the objectives of medicine, among them, that of curing. This relation is contextualized here by using articles 47 and 48, from the chapter on Human Rights, found in the Code of Ethical Medicine of the Federal Council of Medicine of the Federative Republic of Brazil--both in the sense of the transformational link between two people, and as a relationship of interpersonal tolerance. The objectives of this article are: 1) to evaluate the asymmetry present in the clinical doctor-patient encounter, with respect to the doctor's social and political commitment regarding the patient. Recorded testimonies were used, of individuals who utilize medical assistance in Public Hospitals, carried out in the hallways of the 'das Clínicas Hospital' in Recife, Pernambuco; and 2) to weave an analogy with the book "Masters and Slaves" ('Casa Grande & Senzala'): 'Formation of the Brazilian Family under the Regime of a Patriarchal Economy', written by the Pernambucan sociologist Gilberto Freyre. Among the recorded talks, the resentment regarding discrimination and the authority of the doctor's position can be clearly observed. As a result, this power relation was considered the focus of our discussion--the same power relation as that which reigned over the Brazilian colonization period, in the times of "Masters and Slaves" (Casa Grande & Senzala).
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Thomas JR. Verbatims and "Empire Matters". THE JOURNAL OF PASTORAL CARE & COUNSELING : JPCC 2008; 62:285. [PMID: 18947109 DOI: 10.1177/154230500806200310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Duncombe DC. What about pastoral counseling re. Empire matters? THE JOURNAL OF PASTORAL CARE & COUNSELING : JPCC 2008; 62:283. [PMID: 18947108 DOI: 10.1177/154230500806200309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Savage A. Population growth: Colonialism never dies. BMJ 2007; 335:464-5. [PMID: 17823151 PMCID: PMC1971205 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.39325.422130.3a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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294
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Anderson JM, Reimer Kirkham S, Browne AJ, Lynam MJ. Continuing the dialogue: postcolonial feminist scholarship and Bourdieu ? discourses of culture and points of connection. Nurs Inq 2007; 14:178-88. [PMID: 17718744 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1800.2007.00367.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Postcolonial feminist theories provide the analytic tools to address issues of structural inequities in groups that historically have been socially and economically disadvantaged. In this paper we question what value might be added to postcolonial feminist theories on culture by drawing on Bourdieu. Are there points of connection? Like postcolonial feminists, he puts forward a position that aims to unmask oppressive structures. We argue that, while there are points of connection, there are also epistemologic and methodologic differences between postcolonial feminist perspectives and Bourdieu's work. Nonetheless, engagement with different theoretical perspectives carries the promise of new insights - new ways of 'seeing' and 'understanding' that might enhance a praxis-oriented theoretical perspective in healthcare delivery.
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Abstract
Although awareness of cultural differences that distinguish Indigenous peoples has increased worldwide following attention from international human rights bodies, Indigenous cultural values have had little influence in shaping research agendas or methods of inquiry. Self-determination and reconciliation policies have been part of the decolonisation agenda of governments for several decades; however, these have not, until recently, been considered of relevance to research. Indigenous peoples feel that they are the most studied population in Australia, to the point where even the word research arouses feelings of suspicion and defensive attitudes. Indigenous people are generally cynical about the benefits of research and cautious toward what many perceive to be the colonial mentality or 'positional superiority' ingrained in the psyche of western researchers. This article examines the characteristics and colonising effects of traditional research methods and describes an alternative, decolonising approach. Decolonising research methodology is congruent with Indigenous epistemology and is guided by the values and research agenda of Indigenous people. The Guidelines for ethical conduct in Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander health research, developed by the National Aboriginal and Islander Health Organisation (NAIHO) with the National Health & Medical Research Council (NHMRC) in 2003 are examined, as they exemplify a decolonising paradigm for researchers.
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Lowe J. Research brief: the need for historically grounded HIV/AIDS prevention research among Native Americans. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2007; 18:15-7. [PMID: 17403492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jana.2007.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This is a brief report that summarizes the need for historically grounded HIV prevention research among Native Americans living in the United States. It illustrates the intersection of culture and history, showing that ethnic groups can respond to historical traumatic events for generations, often to the detriment of individual and collective health.
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Larkin J, Flicker S, Koleszar-Green R, Mintz S, Dagnino M, Mitchell C. HIV risk, systemic inequities, and Aboriginal youth: widening the circle for HIV prevention programming. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE 2007; 98:179-82. [PMID: 17626380 PMCID: PMC6975798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Canada, Aboriginal people are overrepresented in the HIV epidemic and infected at a younger age than non-Aboriginal people. This paper discusses some of the ways Aboriginal youth in Toronto understand HIV/AIDS risk and the relevance of their comments for HIV prevention education. This research is part of a larger study conducted with Ontario youth through the Gendering Adolescent AIDS Prevention (GAAP) project. METHODS We conducted 11 GAAP focus groups with Ontario youth. This paper focuses primarily on the four groups of Aboriginal youth. A modified grounded theory approach guided analyses. Data were coded using Nud*ist qualitative data management software. FINDINGS Aboriginal youth were more aware of HIV/AIDS and the structural inequities that contribute to risk than their non-Aboriginal counterparts. In addition, they were the only group to talk about colonialism in the context of HIV in their community. Aboriginal youth were, however, more likely to hold a fatalistic view of their future and to blame their own community for high infection rates. INTERPRETATION We argue for incorporating structural factors of risk, including the legacy of colonialism, in HIV prevention programs for all youth. This may help to eradicate the stigma and self-blame that negatively impact on Aboriginal youth while allowing other youth populations to distance themselves from the disease.
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298
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Langat SK, Onyatta JO. The changing conceptions and focus of health research in East Africa. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES 2007; 13:1-6. [PMID: 17348737 DOI: 10.4314/ajhs.v13i1.30810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Perceptions in health research are a product of the circumstances within the society, where the research activities are situated. In East Africa there has been a change in conceptualization over a period of time from an elitist de-linked status to the present, which has evolved to embrace the local community. Here we trace the changes and highlight some occurrences that exerted the greatest influence in shaping the notions that currently dominate in research. We conclude that the paradigm shift is a positive development and that the present conception is suitable for heath research at this point in time.
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Reimer Kirkham S, Baumbusch JL, Schultz ASH, Anderson JM. Knowledge development and evidence-based practice: insights and opportunities from a postcolonial feminist perspective for transformative nursing practice. ANS Adv Nurs Sci 2007; 30:26-40. [PMID: 17299282 DOI: 10.1097/00012272-200701000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although not without its critics, evidence-based practice is widely espoused as supporting professional nursing practice. Engaging with the evidence-based practice discourse from a vantage point offered by the critical perspectives of postcolonial feminism, the incomplete epistemologies and limitations of the standardization characteristic of the evidences-based movement are analyzed. Critical analysis of evidence is suggested, such that it recognizes the evidence generated from multiple paradigms of inquiry, along with contextual interpretation and application of this evidence. We examine how broader interpretations of evidence might contribute to nursing knowledge development and translation for transformative professional nursing practice, and ultimately to address persistent health disparities within the complex context of healthcare delivery.
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LaMothe R. Empire matters: implications for pastoral care. THE JOURNAL OF PASTORAL CARE & COUNSELING : JPCC 2007; 61:421-444. [PMID: 18341240 DOI: 10.1177/15423050070610s501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this essay, I argue that the American Empire matters for pastoral care. I begin with a discussion of the meaning of empire and the particular historical roots and characteristics of the American Empire. From this, I contend that the American Empire matters because the United States has had a long history of expansionist aims, which has been couched in idealized secular discourse as well as ensconced in theo-political discourse. These discourses, which have, implicitly or explicitly, supported foreign policies and actions aimed at political, economic, and military dominion, are joined to an empire psyche. This empire psyche and the actions of U.S. governments are matters for pastoral care because of a) the various physical, psychological, and spiritual harms that attend hubris, greed, entitlement, and the quest for hegemony, and b) the theological contradictions inherent in Christian discourse that supports the American Empire. These consequences and contradictions serve as reasons why pastoral theologians and caregivers ought to bring these matters to public reflection and conversation. I conclude with a brief depiction of possible pastoral actions given the reality of the American Empire.
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