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Bi Y, Sui G, Zhou Q, Heindl LM, Bock F, Sun X, Tang S, Wang Z, Cursiefen C. Two-step retrograde closed stenting: a novel method for treating canalicular lacerations in Chinese patients. Eye (Lond) 2013; 27:1275-80. [PMID: 23970028 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2013.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of two-step retrograde closed stenting for treating canalicular laceration. methods: Forty-eight consecutive canalicular laceration cases (48 eyes) were randomised and divided into two groups: a one-step group and a two-step group. In the two-step group (23 cases), the first step was performed in the outpatient department and included identifying the medial cut end of the canaliculus and probing under a slit-lamp microscope, followed by a retrograde canalicular stenting assisted by a memory titanium stylet. The second step was canalicular anastomosis, which was performed in the operating room. In the one-step group (25 cases), all of the surgical procedures were performed when preoperative preparations were simultaneously available. RESULTS The time elapsed from the doctor visit to the treatment was 4.3 ± 2.4 h in the two-step group and 18.8 ± 6.3 h in the one-step group (P<0.01). The canalicular medial cut ends were found in all cases, but 8.6 ± 3.5 min was needed in the two-step group, and 51.4 ± 24.2 min was needed in the one-step group (P<0.01). The numerical rating scale for pain during surgery was 1.8 ± 1.2 in the two-step group and 5.4 ± 2.2 in the one-step group (P<0.01). One case (2.63%) in the two-step group and nine cases (36%) in the one-step group required other assisted methods to locate the medial cut end (P=0.007). Twenty-one cases (91.3%) in the two-step group and 20 cases (80%) in the one-step group achieved patent lacrimal drainage systems during a 12-month follow-up (P=0.528). CONCLUSIONS The two-step canalicular anastomosis method allows an early search for the medial cut end of the canaliculus and improves the chances of finding it; it is also a quicker, less invasive method for treating canalicular lacerations.
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Zheng H, Yang B, Wu X, Qin X, Huang J, Xue Y, Zeng W, Ou J, Lan Y, Tang S. P5.103 Increase of African-Type Penicillinase-Producing N. Gonorrhoeae Strains Isolated in Guangzhou, China, 2001–2011. Sex Transm Infect 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Xiao Y, Miao H, Tang S, Wu H. Modeling antiretroviral drug responses for HIV-1 infected patients using differential equation models. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:940-53. [PMID: 23603208 PMCID: PMC4017332 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We review mathematical modeling and related statistical issues of HIV dynamics primarily in response to antiretroviral drug therapy in this article. We start from a basic model of virus infection and then review a number of more advanced models with consideration of pharmacokinetic factors, adherence and drug resistance. Specifically, we illustrate how mathematical models can be developed and parameterized to understand the effects of long-term treatment and different treatment strategies on disease progression. In addition, we discuss a variety of parameter estimation methods for differential equation models that are applicable to either within- or between-host viral dynamics.
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Tang S, Deville C, McDonough J, Tochner Z, Wang K, Vapiwala N, Both S. SU-E-T-445: Prostate Motion Effect Evaluation in Proton Pencil Beam Scanning Delivery. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4814879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Ma RCW, Hu C, Tam CH, Zhang R, Kwan P, Leung TF, Thomas GN, Go MJ, Hara K, Sim X, Ho JSK, Wang C, Li H, Lu L, Wang Y, Li JW, Wang Y, Lam VKL, Wang J, Yu W, Kim YJ, Ng DP, Fujita H, Panoutsopoulou K, Day-Williams AG, Lee HM, Ng ACW, Fang YJ, Kong APS, Jiang F, Ma X, Hou X, Tang S, Lu J, Yamauchi T, Tsui SKW, Woo J, Leung PC, Zhang X, Tang NLS, Sy HY, Liu J, Wong TY, Lee JY, Maeda S, Xu G, Cherny SS, Chan TF, Ng MCY, Xiang K, Morris AP, Keildson S, Hu R, Ji L, Lin X, Cho YS, Kadowaki T, Tai ES, Zeggini E, McCarthy MI, Hon KL, Baum L, Tomlinson B, So WY, Bao Y, Chan JCN, Jia W. Genome-wide association study in a Chinese population identifies a susceptibility locus for type 2 diabetes at 7q32 near PAX4. Diabetologia 2013; 56:1291-305. [PMID: 23532257 PMCID: PMC3648687 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2874-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Most genetic variants identified for type 2 diabetes have been discovered in European populations. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in a Chinese population with the aim of identifying novel variants for type 2 diabetes in Asians. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of three GWAS comprising 684 patients with type 2 diabetes and 955 controls of Southern Han Chinese descent. We followed up the top signals in two independent Southern Han Chinese cohorts (totalling 10,383 cases and 6,974 controls), and performed in silico replication in multiple populations. RESULTS We identified CDKN2A/B and four novel type 2 diabetes association signals with p < 1 × 10(-5) from the meta-analysis. Thirteen variants within these four loci were followed up in two independent Chinese cohorts, and rs10229583 at 7q32 was found to be associated with type 2 diabetes in a combined analysis of 11,067 cases and 7,929 controls (p meta = 2.6 × 10(-8); OR [95% CI] 1.18 [1.11, 1.25]). In silico replication revealed consistent associations across multiethnic groups, including five East Asian populations (p meta = 2.3 × 10(-10)) and a population of European descent (p = 8.6 × 10(-3)). The rs10229583 risk variant was associated with elevated fasting plasma glucose, impaired beta cell function in controls, and an earlier age at diagnosis for the cases. The novel variant lies within an islet-selective cluster of open regulatory elements. There was significant heterogeneity of effect between Han Chinese and individuals of European descent, Malaysians and Indians. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our study identifies rs10229583 near PAX4 as a novel locus for type 2 diabetes in Chinese and other populations and provides new insights into the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
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Tang X, Yang Y, Tang S. SU-C-144-06: Detectability Index and Its Variation in Differential Phase Contrast CT Compared with the Conventional CT - A Channelized Hotelling Observer Study. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4813995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Xiao Y, Zhao T, Tang S. Dynamics of an infectious diseases with media/psychology induced non-smooth incidence. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2013; 10:445-461. [PMID: 23458308 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2013.10.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes and analyzes a mathematical model on an infectious disease system with a piecewise smooth incidence rate concerning media/psychological effect. The proposed models extend the classic models with media coverage by including a piecewise smooth incidence rate to represent that the reduction factor because of media coverage depends on both the number of cases and the rate of changes in case number. On the basis of properties of Lambert W function the implicitly defined model has been converted into a piecewise smooth system with explicit definition, and the global dynamic behavior is theoretically examined. The disease-free is globally asymptotically stable when a certain threshold is less than unity, while the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable for otherwise. The media/psychological impact although does not affect the epidemic threshold, delays the epidemic peak and results in a lower size of outbreak (or equilibrium level of infected individuals).
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Chen X, Li J, Li M, Zeng M, Li T, Xiao W, Li J, Wu Q, Ke X, Luo D, Tang S, Luo Y. KH902 suppresses high glucose-induced migration and sprouting of human retinal endothelial cells by blocking VEGF and PIGF. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013; 15:224-33. [PMID: 22958404 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PlGF) are upregulated in many ocular neovascular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy (DR). KH902 is a recombinant fusion protein with its binding ligand taken from the domains of VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) and VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and can bind all VEGF-A isoforms and PlGF. The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of anti-angiogenic effects of KH902. METHODS The toxic effect of KH902 on cultured human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) was measured by Annexin V/PI staining and MTT assay. The concentrations of secreted VEGF and PlGF were measured by ELISA. The migration of HRECs was assessed by scratch wound and transwell assay. The sprouting of HRECs was determined by tube formation assay. The protein levels of Src, p-Src, PI3K, Akt1, p-Akt1, Erk1/2 and p-Erk1/2 were measured by Western blot. RESULTS KH902 at the concentrations from 100 ng/ml to 100 µg/ml had no cytotoxicity to cultured HRECs. KH902 bound not only VEGF165, but also PlGF that were secreted by HRECs under high glucose condition. A 500 ng/ml of KH902 significantly suppressed high glucose-induced migration and sprouting of HRECs through downregulating the expression of PI3K and inhibiting the activation of Src, Akt1 and Erk1/2. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that KH902 suppresses high glucose-induced migration and sprouting of HRECs through not only binding VEGF, but also PlGF to inhibit the activation of Src-Akt1-Erk1/2 pathway. KH902 is a drug that potentially inhibits angiogenic pathways involving in DR or other ocular neovascular diseases.
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Buriro R, Lv Y, Ali I, Tang S, Liu Z, Zhang M, Adem A, Hartung J, Bao E. Temporal variations of Hsp60 and HSF-1 in primary rat myocardial cells in vitro under heat stress. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2013; 12:3003-16. [DOI: 10.4238/2013.august.20.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Zhang R, Jiang F, Hu C, Yu W, Wang J, Wang C, Ma X, Tang S, Bao Y, Xiang K, Jia W. Genetic variants of LPIN1 indicate an association with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Chinese population. Diabet Med 2013; 30:118-22. [PMID: 22853689 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03758.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Metabolic disorders are independent risk factors for the development of Type 2 diabetes. The aim of the study is to test the association of LPIN1 variants with Type 2 diabetes and clinical characteristics in large samples of the Chinese population. METHODS In the first stage, 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms within the LPIN1 region were selected and genotyped in 3700 Chinese Han participants. In the second stage, the single nucleotide polymorphisms showing significant association or trends towards association were genotyped in an additional 3122 samples for replication. Meta-analyses and genotype-phenotype association studies were performed after combining the data from the two stages. RESULTS In the first stage, we detected that rs16857876 was significantly associated with Type 2 diabetes with an odds ratio of 0.806 (95% CI 0.677-0.958, P = 0.015), while rs11695610 showed a trend with Type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 0.846, 95% CI 0.709-1.009, P = 0.062). In the second stage, a similar effect of rs11695610 on Type 2 diabetes was observed (odds ratio 0.849, 95% CI 0.700-1.030, P = 0.096). The meta-analyses combining the information from the two stages showed a significant effect of rs11695610 on Type 2 diabetes with an odds ratio of 0.847 (95% CI 0.744-0.965, P = 0.012). Finally, the phenotype-genotype association analyses showed that rs11695610 was associated with 2-h plasma glucose (P = 0.040) and triglyceride levels (P = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS Our data implied that common single nucleotide polymorphisms within the LPIN1 region were associated with Type 2 diabetes and metabolic traits in the Chinese population.
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Islam A, Lv Y, Abdelnasir A, Rehana B, Liu Z, Zhang M, Tang S, Cheng Y, Chen H, Hartung J, Bao E. The role of Hsp90α in heat-induced apoptosis and cell damage in primary myocardial cell cultures of neonatal rats. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2013; 12:6080-91. [DOI: 10.4238/2013.december.2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Raghavendra A, Ji L, Ricker C, Tang S, Church TD, Larsen L, Sheth P, Sposto R, Sener S, Tripathy D. Abstract P4-01-11: Clinical Findings and Outcomes from MRI Staging of Breast Cancer in a Diverse Population. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs12-p4-01-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Staging breast MRI can detect occult breast cancers in 1–10% of newly diagnosed patients. The performance of MRI, impact of patient factors, and resulting surgical management in underserved and diverse populations has not been well studied.
Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients with newly diagnosed in situ or invasive breast cancer (2006–2011) who had a preoperative staging MRI seen at our Centers that cares for an underserved and minority population. IRB approval was obtained to extract demographic and clinicopathological data, imaging studies and surgical treatment. Non-index lesions (NIL) were defined as those in breast or axillary nodes not known to be malignant or presenting with clinical, mammographic or ultrasound findings, in a different quadrant and given an MRI BIRADS score of 4 or 5. Occult cancers (OC) were those lesions found by biopsy or surgery to be invasive or in situ cancer. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between the probability of a NIL or OC and patients characteristics. Statistical computation was performed using STATA.
Results: Among 678 patients, 144 (21%) had a total of 171 NIL identified by MRI; 67 (9.8%) were ipsilateral, 44 (6.5%) contralateral and 24(3.5%)axillary nodes. 57 patients (8.4%) had a total of 62 OCs detected −34 (5%) ipsilateral, 8(1.2%) contralateral, and 9(1.3%) axillary nodes of which 49 (7.2%) were invasive and 8 (1.2%) in situ. 40% of patients with NILs were confirmed as OCs.
Analyses showed that age was marginally significantly associated with the probability of having OC(OR = 1.5 for each 10 years increase, p = 0.080). Patients with no BRCA mutation had significantly higher chance of having NILs tested with MRI (p = 0.003), but the probability of having OC did not significantly differ between those tested. Ipsilateral compared to contralateral NILs had a 4-fold higher chance of being OCs(p < 0.001). For NILs (n = 157), 59 (37.6%) underwent biopsy, 11 (7%) biopsy followed by lumpectomy, 10(6.4%) had lumpectomy, 24 (15.3%) mastectomy, 15 (9.6%) biopsy followed by mastectomy and (15)9.6% node dissection. Amongst OCs (n = 62) 6 (3.8%) underwent biopsy, 6 (3.8%) biopsy followed by lumpectomy, 6 (3.8%) lumpectomy, 20(12.7%) mastectomy, 12 (7.6%) had biopsy followed by mastectomy and 10 (6.4 %) node dissection.
Conclusions: In this diverse population, staging MRI detected NILs and OC in 21% and 8.4% of patients, respectively. Laterality and age seemed to be associated with chance of having OC. Interestingly, none of the OCs detected were among the known 32 mutation carriers. MRI staging appears to identify OC to an equal extent in a largely Hispanic and younger underserved population as reported in the literature for populations of mostly insured patients.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-01-11.
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Liu ZJ, Lv YJ, Zhang M, Yue ZH, Tang S, Islam A, Rehana B, Bao ED, Hartung J. Hsp110 expression changes in rat primary myocardial cells exposed to heat stress in vitro. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2012; 11:4728-38. [PMID: 23315814 DOI: 10.4238/2012.november.29.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We investigated and described the kinetics of heat shock protein (Hsp) 110 expression and distribution in rat primary myocardial cells exposed to heat stress in vitro. After incubation at 37°C for 72 h, myocardial cells were heat stressed at 42°C for 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 120, 240, 360, and 480 min. Significant increases in aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase enzymatic activities in the myocardial cell culture media were observed during heat stress, suggesting that the integrity of the myocardial cells was altered. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that the expressed Hsp110 was constitutively localized in the cytoplasm and in the nuclei in small amounts characterized by a granular pattern. Nuclear Hsp110 levels increased significantly after 240 min of heat stress compared with levels in the control. The overall levels of Hsp110 expression increased significantly after 20 min. After 240 min, Hsp110 levels were approximately 1.2-fold higher than those in the control. Increasing levels of hsp110 messenger RNA detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were observed after 20 min of heat stress, and the levels peaked with a 10-fold increase after 240 min of heat stress. These results indicate that the expression of Hsp110 in primary myocardial cells in vitro is sensitive to hyperthermic stress and that Hsp110 is involved in the potential acquisition of thermotolerance after heat stress. Therefore, Hsp110 might play a fundamental role in opposing and alleviating heat-induced damage caused by hyperthermic stress in primary myocardial cells.
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Xiao Y, Tang S, Zhou Y, Smith RJ, Wu J, Wang N. Predicting the HIV/AIDS epidemic and measuring the effect of mobility in mainland China. J Theor Biol 2012; 317:271-85. [PMID: 23063617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2012.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
HIV has spread widely in mainland China, but there is significant geographic variation in the severity of the epidemic. We aimed to assess the HIV/AIDS epidemic in mainland China accurately, and address the effect of population mobility on it. Markov-Chain Monte-Carlo simulations and Latin Hypercube Sampling were used to estimate the basic reproductive ratio and its sensitivity to parameter variations. We estimated a mean reproduction number of 1.708 (95% CI 1.440-1.977). Our analysis using national surveillance data indicates that HIV-positive individuals most likely move from economically developed regions to regions with more numerous HIV cases, while mobility of AIDS patients likely flows in the opposite direction, due to the current policy that AIDS patients must return to their registered residence to receive free antiretroviral therapy. Our results based on a spatially stratified population dynamical model show increasing mobility rates of HIV/AIDS cases can have a significant effect on the number of HIV/AIDS cases per province and has the potential to decrease the overall number of HIV/AIDS cases in the country. We recommend that the community-based HIV/AIDS support and care program should be implemented by some local governments (especially in epidemically severe areas) to mitigate HIV infections in China.
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Yu W, Ma RC, Hu C, So WY, Zhang R, Wang C, Tam CH, Ho JS, Lu J, Jiang F, Tang S, Ng MC, Bao Y, Xiang K, Jia W, Chan JCN. Association between KCNQ1 genetic variants and obesity in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2012; 55:2655-2659. [PMID: 22790062 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS There is evidence of overlap between susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes and obesity. The aim of this study is to explore the association between the established type 2 diabetes locus KCNQ1 and obesity in Han Chinese. METHODS We recruited 6,667 and 6,606 diabetic case-control samples from Shanghai and Hong Kong, respectively. Of the samples, 7.5% and 6.3% were excluded because of genotyping failure or data missing in the association analyses of rs2237892 and rs2237895 with obesity/BMI, respectively. RESULTS We found that rs2237892 was associated with lower BMI and lower incidence of overweight/obesity in diabetic patients from Hong Kong (BMI, β = -0.0060 per diabetes risk C allele for log(10)BMI [95% CI -0.0088, -0.0032; p = 2.83 × 10(-5)]; overweight/obesity, OR 0.880 for C allele [95% CI 0.807, 0.960; p = 0.004]) and in the meta-analysis of cases from the two regions (BMI, combined β = -0.0048 per C allele for log(10)BMI [95% CI -0.0070, -0.0026; p = 2.20 × 10(-5)]; overweight/obesity, combined OR 0.890 for C allele [95% CI 0.830, 0.955; p = 0.001]). rs2237895 was also related to decreased BMI (combined β = -0.0042 per diabetes risk C allele for log(10)BMI [95% CI -0.0062, -0.0022; p = 4.30 × 10(-5)]). A significant association with waist circumference was detected for rs2237892 in the pooled analyses (β = -0.0026 per C allele for log(10)[waist circumference] [95% CI -0.0045, -0.0007; p = 0.007]). However, neither an association with the risk of being overweight or obese nor associations with quantitive traits were detected for rs2237892 or rs2237895 in controls. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that KCNQ1 is associated with obesity in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Brauner CJ, Sackville M, Gallagher Z, Tang S, Nendick L, Farrell AP. Physiological consequences of the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) on juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha): implications for wild salmon ecology and management, and for salmon aquaculture. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2012; 367:1770-9. [PMID: 22566682 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, are the most abundant wild salmon species and are thought of as an indicator of ecosystem health. The salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, is endemic to pink salmon habitat but these ectoparasites have been implicated in reducing local pink salmon populations in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia. This allegation arose largely because juvenile pink salmon migrate past commercial open net salmon farms, which are known to incubate the salmon louse. Juvenile pink salmon are thought to be especially sensitive to this ectoparasite because they enter the sea at such a small size (approx. 0.2 g). Here, we describe how 'no effect' thresholds for salmon louse sublethal impacts on juvenile pink salmon were determined using physiological principles. These data were accepted by environmental managers and are being used to minimize the impact of salmon aquaculture on wild pink salmon populations.
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Xiao Y, Xu X, Tang S. Sliding mode control of outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases. Bull Math Biol 2012; 74:2403-22. [PMID: 22836868 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-012-9758-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes and analyzes a mathematical model of an infectious disease system with a piecewise control function concerning threshold policy for disease management strategy. The proposed models extend the classic models by including a piecewise incidence rate to represent control or precautionary measures being triggered once the number of infected individuals exceeds a threshold level. The long-term behaviour of the proposed non-smooth system under this strategy consists of the so-called sliding motion-a very rapid switching between application and interruption of the control action. Model solutions ultimately approach either one of two endemic states for two structures or the sliding equilibrium on the switching surface, depending on the threshold level. Our findings suggest that proper combinations of threshold densities and control intensities based on threshold policy can either preclude outbreaks or lead the number of infected to a previously chosen level.
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Huang J, Li X, Li M, Li S, Xiao W, Chen X, Cai M, Wu Q, Luo D, Tang S, Luo Y. Effects of intravitreal injection of KH902, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor decoy, on the retinas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes Obes Metab 2012; 14:644-53. [PMID: 22340191 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2012.01584.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS KH902 is a fusion protein that can bind vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PlGF) through its binding ligand taken from the domains of VEGF receptor 1 and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2). This study was to investigate the effects of intravitreal injection of KH902 on the retinas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. METHODS Two weeks after induction of diabetes, the left eyes of diabetic rats in each group received an intravitreal injection of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), Avastin or KH902 solution, respectively. Four weeks after intravitreal injection, retinal electrophysiological function and the integrity of inner blood retinal barrier (iBRB) were measured by electroretinogram and Evans blue perfusion. The protein levels of VEGF signal pathway were assayed by western blot. The expression and distribution of claudin-5 and occludin were analysed by double immunofluorescent staining under confocal microscope. The expression of VEGFR2 and PlGF was measured by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Four weeks after intravitreal injection, KH902-treated rats had better retinal electrophysiological function, less retinal vessel leakage and lower levels of VEGFR2, PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, p-ERK and p-SRC than PBS or Avastin-treated rats. The distribution of claudin-5 and occludin in the retinal vessels of diabetic rats treated by KH902 was smoother and more uniform than those of diabetic rats treated by PBS or Avastin. The expression of PlGF and VEGFR2 in KH902-treated rats was decreased compared with those in PBS or Avastin-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS KH902 could improve retinal electrophysiological function and inhibit the breakdown of iBRB by inhibiting the expression of VEGFR2, PlGF and PI3K, and the activation of SRC, AKT and ERK.
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Geoffrion R, Gebhart J, Dooley Y, Bent A, Dandolu V, Meeks R, Baker K, Tang S, Ross S, Robert M. The mind’s scalpel in surgical education: a randomised controlled trial of mental imagery. BJOG 2012; 119:1040-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2012.03398.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tang X, Yang Y, Tang S. TH-A-213CD-05: NEQ(k) The Signal and Noise Transfer Properties in Differential Phase Contrast CT. Med Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4736267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Timmerman J, Wang K, Tang S, Zhu T. SU-E-T-147: Film Dosimetry Verification for TSE Using An Epson Scanner. Med Phys 2012; 39:3737. [PMID: 28517802 DOI: 10.1118/1.4735205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To commission and verify an Epson scanner for film dosimetry for total skin electron beam therapy (TSEB). METHODS Use data from an IBA PPC40 parallel-plate ion chamber and Sun Nuclear QED skin diode detectors as standard; we have made comparisons to the film measurement using Kodak XV films. Hurter-Driffield (HD) curve are established for 6 MeV total skin electron beams at a source-to-surface distance (SSD) of 5 m. Also HD curves are built for 6 MeV at a 100 cm SSD. Dose profiles for a series of oblique incident large electron fields are measured using the film for approximately 80 cGy dose delivered at the peak. The film is then scanned using two scanners, an Epson expression 10000 XL and a Vidar VXR-16 Dosimetry Pro. The optimal scanning conditions (e.g., dot per pixel size, internal color correction scheme) are chosen for the Epson scanner. Matlab is then used to analyze the optical density (OD) of the scanned films. A transmission densitometer made by Tobias Associates transmission is used to analyze the films to give a classical standard. RESULTS The analysis of the Epson scanner is presented in two forms: one with and one without the HD correction from the established HD curve. The error analysis gives an uncertainty of 5% without the HD correction. An improved result of approximately 3% is found when an HD correction is applied to the analysis. CONCLUSIONS A simple Epson scanner satisfies the commissioning standards for TSEB when an HD curve correction is applied.
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Tang S, Tang X. SU-E-I-95: Multiscale Normalized Metal Artifact Reduction (MS-NMAR) in Computed Tomography. Med Phys 2012; 39:3647. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4734812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Tang S, Yin L, Rengan R, James P, Hahn S, Both S. SU-E-T-437: Interfractional Dosimetric Verification of Lung Patients Treated by Passive Double Scattering Proton Radiotherapy. Med Phys 2012; 39:3805. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4735526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Cooper S, Lange I, Wood S, Tang S, Miller L, Ross S. Diagnostic accuracy of rapid phIGFBP-I assay for predicting preterm labor in symptomatic patients. J Perinatol 2012; 32:460-5. [PMID: 21997470 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2011.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (phIGFBP-1) test in predicting preterm delivery in women with symptoms of preterm labor. Secondary objectives were to compare test characteristics of the phIGFBP-1 and fetal fibronectin (fFN) tests. STUDY DESIGN Labor and delivery units in two Calgary hospitals. Subjects were 349 women with suspected labor between 24 and 35 weeks gestational age (GA). Women had cervical phIGFBP-1 test +/- and fFN testing. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were estimated. Primary outcome was birth <37 weeks GA. RESULT Sensitivity of phIGFBP-1 test for delivery <37 weeks was 0.39; specificity, 0.76; PPV, 0.24; NPV, 0.86. NPV of phIGFBP-1 did not differ greatly from that of fFN testing (0.88). CONCLUSION NPV did not differ between phIGFBP-1 and fFN for delivery <37 weeks. Neither test improves on pretest probability of delivery <37 weeks, so clinicians must decide whether the use of either test is justified.
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