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Mohanty R, Niranjan. Sixth order compact multi-phase block-AGE iteration methods for computing 2D Helmholtz equation. MethodsX 2024; 12:102633. [PMID: 38660036 PMCID: PMC11041850 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We discuss sixth order accurate 9-point compact 2- and 3-phase block alternating group explicit (block-AGE) iteration methods for computing 2D Helmholtz equation. We use Dirichlet boundary conditions and no fictitious points are involved outside the solution region for computation. The proposed 2- and 3-phase block-AGE methods require only two and three sweeps for computation and the error analysis of the suggested approximation is analyzed. We have compared the 2- and 3-phase block-AGE iteration methods with the corresponding block successive over relaxation (block-SOR) method in three experiments, in regard to number of iterations required for convergence and cpu time, where the importance of the role performed by optimal relaxation parameters of the proposed block-AGE iteration methods become evident in stipulating the convergence and precision of the calculated results. In all cases we use the tridiagonal solver and obtain the optimal relaxation parameters through computation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.K. Mohanty
- Department of Mathematics, South Asian University, Rajpur Road, Maidan Garhi, New Delhi 110068, India
| | - Niranjan
- Department of Mathematics, South Asian University, Rajpur Road, Maidan Garhi, New Delhi 110068, India
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2
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Ali H, Rusz J, Bürgler DE, Adam R, Schneider CM, Tai CW, Thersleff T. Noise-dependent bias in quantitative STEM-EMCD experiments revealed by bootstrapping. Ultramicroscopy 2024; 257:113891. [PMID: 38043363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Electron magnetic circular dichroism (EMCD) is a powerful technique for estimating element-specific magnetic moments of materials on nanoscale with the potential to reach atomic resolution in transmission electron microscopes. However, the fundamentally weak EMCD signal strength complicates quantification of magnetic moments, as this requires very high precision, especially in the denominator of the sum rules. Here, we employ a statistical resampling technique known as bootstrapping to an experimental EMCD dataset to produce an empirical estimate of the noise-dependent error distribution resulting from application of EMCD sum rules to bcc iron in a 3-beam orientation. We observe clear experimental evidence that noisy EMCD signals preferentially bias the estimation of magnetic moments, further supporting this with error distributions produced by Monte-Carlo simulations. Finally, we propose guidelines for the recognition and minimization of this bias in the estimation of magnetic moments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Ali
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 534, Uppsala 751 21, Sweden; Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden; Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52425, Germany.
| | - Jan Rusz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, Uppsala 751 20, Sweden
| | - Daniel E Bürgler
- Peter Grünberg Institut, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich D-52425, Germany
| | - Roman Adam
- Peter Grünberg Institut, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich D-52425, Germany
| | - Claus M Schneider
- Peter Grünberg Institut, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich D-52425, Germany
| | - Cheuk-Wai Tai
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Thomas Thersleff
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
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Mora JR, Marquez EA, Pérez-Pérez N, Contreras-Torres E, Perez-Castillo Y, Agüero-Chapin G, Martinez-Rios F, Marrero-Ponce Y, Barigye SJ. Rethinking the applicability domain analysis in QSAR models. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2024; 38:9. [PMID: 38351144 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-024-00550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Notwithstanding the wide adoption of the OECD principles (or best practices) for QSAR modeling, disparities between in silico predictions and experimental results are frequent, suggesting that model predictions are often too optimistic. Of these OECD principles, the applicability domain (AD) estimation has been recognized in several reports in the literature to be one of the most challenging, implying that the actual reliability measures of model predictions are often unreliable. Applying tree-based error analysis workflows on 5 QSAR models reported in the literature and available in the QsarDB repository, i.e., androgen receptor bioactivity (agonists, antagonists, and binders, respectively) and membrane permeability (highest membrane permeability and the intrinsic permeability), we demonstrate that predictions erroneously tagged as reliable (AD prediction errors) overwhelmingly correspond to instances in subspaces (cohorts) with the highest prediction error rates, highlighting the inhomogeneity of the AD space. In this sense, we call for more stringent AD analysis guidelines which require the incorporation of model error analysis schemes, to provide critical insight on the reliability of underlying AD algorithms. Additionally, any selected AD method should be rigorously validated to demonstrate its suitability for the model space over which it is applied. These steps will ultimately contribute to more accurate estimations of the reliability of model predictions. Finally, error analysis may also be useful in "rational" model refinement in that data expansion efforts and model retraining are focused on cohorts with the highest error rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Mora
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Instituto de Simulación Computacional (ISC- USFQ), Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito, 170901, Ecuador
| | - Edgar A Marquez
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Química Y Biología, Departamento de Química Y Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Norte, Carrera 51B, Km 5, vía Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla, 081007, Colombia
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Computación, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Cátedras Conacyt, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Noel Pérez-Pérez
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías "El Politécnico", Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ernesto Contreras-Torres
- Grupo de Medicina Molecular y Traslacional (MeM&T), Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Escuela de Medicina, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud (COCSA), Av. Interoceánica Km 12 1/2 y Av. Florencia, 17, Quito, 1200-841, Ecuador
| | - Yunierkis Perez-Castillo
- Bio-Chemoinformatics Research Group, Escuela de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, 170504, Ecuador
| | - Guillermin Agüero-Chapin
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, Porto, 4450-208, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, 4169- 007, Portugal
| | - Felix Martinez-Rios
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Panamericana, CDMX, Augusto Rodin No. 498, Insurgentes Mixcoac, Benito Juárez, Ciudad de México, 03920, México
| | - Yovani Marrero-Ponce
- Grupo de Medicina Molecular y Traslacional (MeM&T), Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Escuela de Medicina, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud (COCSA), Av. Interoceánica Km 12 1/2 y Av. Florencia, 17, Quito, 1200-841, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Panamericana, CDMX, Augusto Rodin No. 498, Insurgentes Mixcoac, Benito Juárez, Ciudad de México, 03920, México
- Computer-Aided Molecular "Biosilico" Discovery and Bioinformatics Research International Network (CAMD-BIR IN), Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Stephen J Barigye
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, 28049, Spain.
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Deb H, Hasan MK, Islam MZ, Yang S, Zhang Y, Yao J. Deep analysis of adsorption isotherm for rapid sorption of Acid Blue 93 and Reactive Red 195 on reactive graphene. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-31918-w. [PMID: 38305963 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31918-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Graphene-based adsorbent was prepared by adopting a green synthetic route via the chemical exfoliation of graphite and low-temperature thermal activation. Prepared reactive graphene (RG) was characterized through various techniques, and its adsorption capabilities for textile dye removal were investigated for Acid Blue-93 (AB) and Reactive Red-195 (RR) under different operational conditions. The dye sorption equilibrium and mechanism were comprehensively studied using isotherm and kinetic models and compared statistically to explain the sorption behavior. Results show AB and RR adsorption by RG attains equilibrium in 60 min and 70 min, with a high sorption quantity of 397 mg g-1 and 262 mg g-1 (initial dye concentration of 100 mg L-1), respectively. The dye sorption anticipates that the high surface area (104.52 m2 gm-1) and constructed meso-macroporous features of RG facilitated the interaction between the dye molecules and graphitic skeleton. The R-P isotherm fitted the best of equilibrium data, having the least variance in residuals for both dyes (AB = 0.00031 and RR = 0.00047). The pseudo-second order model best fitted the kinetics of sorption on RG, with chemisorption being the predominant process delimiting step. The overall results promise the dye removal capability of RG to be an efficient adsorbent for azo-based dyes from textile effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hridam Deb
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Md Khalid Hasan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Md Zahidul Islam
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shujuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Juming Yao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, China
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Gorard J, Boal M, Swamynathan V, Ghamrawi W, Francis N. The application of objective clinical human reliability analysis (OCHRA) in the assessment of basic robotic surgical skills. Surg Endosc 2024; 38:116-128. [PMID: 37932602 PMCID: PMC10776495 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-023-10510-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using a validated, objective, and standardised assessment tool to assess progression and competency is essential for basic robotic surgical training programmes. Objective clinical human reliability analysis (OCHRA) is an error-based assessment tool that provides in-depth analysis of individual technical errors. We conducted a feasibility study to assess the concurrent validity and reliability of OCHRA when applied to basic, generic robotic technical skills assessment. METHODS Selected basic robotic surgical skill tasks, in virtual reality (VR) and dry lab equivalent, were performed by novice robotic surgeons during an intensive 5-day robotic surgical skills course on da Vinci® X and Xi surgical systems. For each task, we described a hierarchical task analysis. Our developed robotic surgical-specific OCHRA methodology was applied to error events in recorded videos with a standardised definition. Statistical analysis to assess concurrent validity with existing tools and inter-rater reliability were performed. RESULTS OCHRA methodology was applied to 272 basic robotic surgical skills tasks performed by 20 novice robotic surgeons. Performance scores improved from the start of the course to the end using all three assessment tools; Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills (GEARS) [VR: t(19) = - 9.33, p < 0.001] [dry lab: t(19) = - 10.17, p < 0.001], OCHRA [VR: t(19) = 6.33, p < 0.001] [dry lab: t(19) = 10.69, p < 0.001] and automated VR [VR: t(19) = - 8.26, p < 0.001]. Correlation analysis, for OCHRA compared to GEARS and automated VR scores, shows a significant and strong inverse correlation in every VR and dry lab task; OCHRA vs GEARS [VR: mean r = - 0.78, p < 0.001] [dry lab: mean r = - 0.82, p < 0.001] and OCHRA vs automated VR [VR: mean r = - 0.77, p < 0.001]. There is very strong and significant inter-rater reliability between two independent reviewers (r = 0.926, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION OCHRA methodology provides a detailed error analysis tool in basic robotic surgical skills with high reliability and concurrent validity with existing tools. OCHRA requires further evaluation in more advanced robotic surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Gorard
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Boal
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, London, UK
- The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park and St Mark's Hospital, London, UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, Charles Bell House, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vishaal Swamynathan
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, London, UK
| | - Walaa Ghamrawi
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, London, UK
- The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park and St Mark's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nader Francis
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, London, UK.
- The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park and St Mark's Hospital, London, UK.
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Mancino AV, Milano FE, Risk MR, Ritacco LE. Open-source navigation system for tracking dissociated parts with multi-registration. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2023; 18:2167-2177. [PMID: 36881354 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-023-02853-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE During reconstructive surgery, knee and hip replacements, and orthognathic surgery, small misalignments in the pose of prosthesis and bones can lead to severe complications. Hence, the translational and angular accuracies are critical. However, traditional image-based surgical navigation lacks orientation data between structures, and imageless systems are unsuitable for cases of deformed anatomy. We introduce an open-source navigation system using a multiple registration approach that can track instruments, implants, and bones to precisely guide the surgeon in emulating a preoperative plan. METHODS We derived the analytical error of our method and designed a set of phantom experiments to measure its precision and accuracy. Additionally, we trained two classification models to predict the system reliability from fiducial points and surface matching registration data. Finally, to demonstrate the procedure feasibility, we conducted a complete workflow for a real clinical case of a patient with fibrous dysplasia and anatomical misalignment of the right femur using plastic bones. RESULTS The system is able to track the dissociated fragments of the clinical case and average alignment errors in the anatomical phantoms of [Formula: see text] mm and [Formula: see text]. While the fiducial-points registration showed satisfactory results given enough points and covered volume, we acknowledge that the surface refinement step is mandatory when attempting surface matching registrations. CONCLUSION We believe that our device could bring significant advantages for the personalized treatment of complex surgical cases and that its multi-registration attribute is convenient for intraoperative registration loosening cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Mancino
- Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Computer Assisted Surgery Unit, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - F E Milano
- Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M R Risk
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L E Ritacco
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Computer Assisted Surgery Unit, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Pistav Akmese P, Kayhan N, Isikdogan Ugurlu N. Written Language Characteristics of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students in Terms of the Components of the Language. J Psycholinguist Res 2023; 52:2093-2117. [PMID: 37421498 DOI: 10.1007/s10936-023-09990-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Hearing has vital importance for language development. Deaf and hard of hearing children have problems in spoken and written language due to hearing loss. The development of written language is directly related to language skills such as listening, speaking, and reading skills. This study aims to evaluate the use of language components in written language in deaf and hard of hearing students. In the study, writing samples of eight deaf and hard of hearing students who continue 4th grade in the school for the deaf were taken and error analysis was conducted. Besides, interviews were made with their classroom teacher about their language development, and in-class observations were conducted. It was seen as a result of the study that deaf and hard of hearing students have significant difficulties in all components of language in written language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Pistav Akmese
- Department of Audiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nilay Kayhan
- Department of Special Education, Faculty of Education, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Necla Isikdogan Ugurlu
- Department of Special Education, Faculty of Education, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.
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Denicola-Prechtl KM, Abel AD, Maguire MJ. What do children's errors tell us about the strategies used during a word inferencing task? J Exp Child Psychol 2023; 233:105705. [PMID: 37224704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A vital and often overlooked aspect of word learning is the ability to establish deep semantic knowledge by adjusting and fine-tuning new word meanings as information becomes available. Here we studied differences in children's ability to update incorrect or incomplete word meanings by studying error types in a word inferencing task. The participants, 45 8- and 9-year-olds, read three sentences that all ended with the same nonsense word and were asked to identify the meaning of the last word. Importantly, the third sentence always provided the most useful information about the word's meaning. When children made errors, two types of responses were of interest. The first was when children gave a response that ignored the third sentence but fit one or two of the earlier ones. This suggests that the children had failed to update the meaning accurately. The second was when children were given enough information in the three sentences yet said that they were still unable to identify a word meaning. This suggests that the children would not attempt to infer a word when they were unsure of the answer. When controlling for number of correct responses, we found that children with smaller vocabularies were significantly more likely to fail to incorporate the third sentence, whereas children with large vocabularies were more likely to say that they were still unable to identify a meaning. These findings indicate that children with smaller vocabularies may be at risk of incorrectly inferring a new word's meaning rather than seeking further information to ensure accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alyson D Abel
- School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Mandy J Maguire
- Callier Center for Communication Disorders, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
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Wang JC, Liu DY, Boutat D, Wang Y. An innovative modulating functions method for pseudo-state estimation of fractional order systems. ISA Trans 2023; 136:334-344. [PMID: 36494215 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the objective is to estimate the pseudo-state of fractional order systems defined by the Caputo fractional derivative from discrete noisy output measurement. For this purpose, an innovative modulating functions method is proposed, which can provide non-asymptotic estimation within finite-time and is robust against corrupting noises. First, the proposed method is directly applied to the Brunovsky's observable canonical form of the considered system. Then, the initial value of the pseudo-state is exactly expressed by an algebraic integral formula, based on which the pseudo-state is estimated. Second, the properties and construction of the required modulating functions are studied. Furthermore, error analysis is provided in discrete noise cases, which is useful for improving the estimation accuracy. In order to show the advantages of the proposed method, two numerical examples are given, where both rational order and irrational order dynamical systems are considered. After selecting the design parameters using the provided noise error bound, the pseudo-states of considered systems are estimated. The fractional order Luenberger-like observer and the fractional order H∞-like observer are also applied. Better than the applied fractional order observers, the proposed method can guarantee the convergence speed and robustness at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Chang Wang
- Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; INSA Centre Val de Loire, Université d'Orléans, PRISME EA 4229, Bourges Cedex 18022, France.
| | - Da-Yan Liu
- INSA Centre Val de Loire, Université d'Orléans, PRISME EA 4229, Bourges Cedex 18022, France.
| | - Driss Boutat
- INSA Centre Val de Loire, Université d'Orléans, PRISME EA 4229, Bourges Cedex 18022, France.
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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Kapoor M, Joshi V. A comparative study of Sumudu HPM and Elzaki HPM for coupled Burgers' equation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15726. [PMID: 37215761 PMCID: PMC10195916 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The two hybrid algorithms Sumudu HPM and Elzaki HPM are used in the current study to tackle coupled Burgers' equations and produce accurate results. To demonstrate the validity of the given approaches, three instances are used. Applying Sumudu HPM and Elzaki HPM yields the same approximate and exact answers in all of the examples taken into consideration, which is proved with the help of the accompanying figures. It attests to the entire acceptance and accuracy of the solutions produced by these methods. The proposed regimes also have error and convergence analyses available. The current analytical regimes offer a more effective method of handling partial differential equations than the intricate numerical systems. It is also asserted that exact and approximation solutions are compatible. Also announced is the planned regime's numerical convergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Kapoor
- Department of Mathematics, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Varun Joshi
- Department of Mathematics, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
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Sarkar S, Karthick A, Kumar Chinnaiyan V, Patil PP. Energy forecasting of the building-integrated photovoltaic façade using hybrid LSTM. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:45977-45985. [PMID: 36715808 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25606-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Effective building energy management systems need a reliable approach to estimating future energy needs using renewable energy sources. However, nonlinear and nonstationary trends in building energy use data make prediction more challenging for integrating the photovoltaic system. To estimate future energy forecast, this work presents a hybrid approach based on random forest (RF) and long short-term memory (LSTM) using complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN). Initial steps in our suggested procedure include utilizing CEEMDAN to translate the raw energy usage data into multiple components. Then, the component with the most significant frequency is predicted using RF, and the other components are forecasted using hybrid LSTM. Finally, all of the individual parts' predictions are combined to form a whole. Real-world output energy usage data has been predicted to test the suggested strategy. Results from the experiments show that the suggested strategy outperforms the reference methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Sarkar
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, Sri Sairam Engineering College, Chennai, 600044, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Alagar Karthick
- Renewable Energy Lab, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, 641407, Tamilnadu, India. .,Departamento de Quimica Organica, Universidad de Cordoba, EdificioMarie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396, 14014, Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Venkatachalam Kumar Chinnaiyan
- Renewable Energy Lab, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, 641407, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Pravin P Patil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to Be University, Bell Road, Clement Town, 248002, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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Spetzger U. Enhance Safety in Aneurysm Surgery: Strategies for Prevention of Intraoperative Vascular Complications. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2023; 130:53-64. [PMID: 37548724 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12887-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Complications during surgery for intracranial aneurysms can be devastating. Notorious pitfalls include premature rupture, parent vessel occlusion, local cerebral injury and brain contusion, and incomplete neck obliteration. These unfavorable intraoperative events can result in major neurological deficits with permanent morbidity and even mortality. Herein, the author highlights the relevant surgical strategies used in his daily practice of aneurysm surgery (e.g., aneurysm clipping with adenosine-induced temporary cardiac arrest), application of which may help prevent vascular complications and enhance surgical safety through reduction of the associated risks, thus allowing improvement of postoperative outcomes. Overall, all described methods and techniques should be considered as small pieces in the complex puzzle of prevention of vascular complications during aneurysm surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Spetzger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Faculty of Computer Science, Institute for Anthropomatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
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13
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Jena P, Mohapatra SN, Mishra SR. A New Numerical Approach for the Analysis of Variable Fractal and Fractional Order Differential Equations. Int J Appl Comput Math 2022; 8:212. [PMID: 35965735 PMCID: PMC9361978 DOI: 10.1007/s40819-022-01384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The variable fractional dimensions differential and integral operator overrides the phenomenon of the constant fractional order. This leads to exploring some new ideas in the proposed direction due to its varied applications in the recent era of science and engineering. The present papers deal with the replacement of the constant fractional order by variable fractional order in various fractal-fractional differential equations. An advanced numerical scheme is developed with the help of Lagrange three-point interpolation and further, it is employed for the solution of the proposed differential equations. However, the properties of these new operators are presented in detail. Finally, the error analysis is also conducted for the numerical scheme deployed. The results are validated by the suitable choice of applications to real-life problems. The well- known multi-step-Adams-Bashforth numerical scheme for classical differential equations is recovered when the non-integer order is one.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Jena
- Department of Mathematics, Siksha ‘O’Anusandhan Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751030 India
| | - S. N. Mohapatra
- Department of Mathematics, Siksha ‘O’Anusandhan Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751030 India
| | - S. R. Mishra
- Department of Mathematics, Siksha ‘O’Anusandhan Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751030 India
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14
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Vasilyeva M, Laski E, Veraksa A, Bukhalenkova D. What children's number naming errors tell us about early understanding of multidigit numbers. J Exp Child Psychol 2022; 224:105510. [PMID: 35905521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This investigation examined the nature and development of a foundational symbolic numeric skill-number identification-focusing on children's emerging knowledge of multidigit numbers. Two studies were conducted with Russian preschoolers. Study 1 (N = 350; 51-77 months of age) investigated age-related changes in the accuracy of number naming and in the types of errors children produced. The errors fell into distinct categories: syntactic (structural errors such as naming each digit separately without using place-value markers) and lexical (nonstructural errors such as replacing the name of a digit with the name of another digit). Number reading accuracy improved with age, primarily due to a decreased frequency of syntactic errors. Boys made fewer syntactic errors than girls. Study 2 (N = 110; 61-74 months of age) showed that accuracy of naming double-digit numbers was related to conceptual understanding of the base-10 numeric structure. The frequency of syntactic errors in number naming was negatively associated with the use of base-10 representations, whereas lexical errors were not related to children's ability to represent base-10 number structure. Implications for understanding children's mathematics trajectories are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Vasilyeva
- Lynch School of Education and Human Development, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA; Faculty of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Elida Laski
- Lynch School of Education and Human Development, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Aleksandr Veraksa
- Faculty of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Daria Bukhalenkova
- Faculty of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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15
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Zou J, Lu N, Jiang H, Qin J, Yao L, Xin Y, Su F. Performance of air temperature from ERA5-Land reanalysis in coastal urban agglomeration of Southeast China. Sci Total Environ 2022; 828:154459. [PMID: 35278562 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Near-surface air temperature is an important indicator of climate change and extreme events. ERA5-Land reanalysis products feature finer spatial and temporal resolutions, and have been widely adopted in global climate-related research. However, the performance of ERA5-Land air temperature data in coastal urban agglomerations has received little attention. In this study, a comprehensive evaluation is conducted in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area (GBA) using the observations of 1080 automatic weather stations in 2018 as reference. Generally, ERA5-Land underestimates temperature (an average bias of 0.90 °C), and performs better at low temperatures than at high temperatures. At the station level, it is observed that the correlation shows a strong positive linear relationship with the distance to the coastline in summer, and that the bias increases with increasing altitude throughout the year. With respect to different land cover types, data accuracy over urban and built-up lands is the lowest. The spatial pattern of ERA5-Land is generally consistent with that of stations but relatively poor in urban areas. In addition, ERA5-Land properly captures daily and monthly variations, as well as intraday temperature fluctuations. These conclusions provide a reference for the implementation of ERA5-Land in coastal urban agglomerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ning Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hou Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ling Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ying Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fenzhen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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16
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Marzban HR. A new fractional orthogonal basis and its application in nonlinear delay fractional optimal control problems. ISA Trans 2021; 114:106-119. [PMID: 33386165 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2020.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to devise a novel fractional orthogonal basis to solve a certain class of nonlinear fractional optimal control problems with delay whose system dynamics is governed by a nonlinear fractional differential equation of the Caputo type. The foundation of the new framework is based on a hybrid of block-pulse and fractional-order Legendre functions. A new integral operator associated with the proposed orthogonal basis is constructed by using the Riemann-Liouville integral operator. This operator enables one to immensely reduce the complexity of computations related to the Riemann-Liouville integral operator. Some significant theoretical results concerning the new fractional basis are provided. Several problems are tested for the validation and verification of our numerical findings. It is demonstrated that the new fractional basis produces an exact solution for a specific class of nonlinear delay fractional optimal control problems. Generally, the developed fractional basis is a promising mathematical tool for investigating fractional-order systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Marzban
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
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17
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Luo J, Wu E, Parmar S, Breeze J. Classifying the causes of morbidity and error following treatment of facial fractures. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021:S0266-4356(21)00257-6. [PMID: 34753656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Analysing morbidity and using this to improve the quality of patient care is an important component of clinical governance. Several methods of data collection and clinical analysis have been suggested, but to date none have been widely adopted. All adult patients sustaining facial fractures were prospectively identified between 01 March 2019 and 28 February 2020, and matched to those who required a return to theatre for surgical complications. Morbidity resulting in a return to theatre was determined using the Clavien-Dindo classification and the Northwestern University error ascribing method. During this period, return to theatre occurred for 33/285 (11.6%) procedures and 23/173 (13.3%) of patients being treated for facial fractures. According to the 27 procedures discussed, Clavien-Dindo Grade IIIb was most commonly found (20/27). Error in judgement (13/35) and nature of disease (12/35) were ascribed as the most common causes of error. Presence of a consultant was associated with increased odds of a return to theatre (p = 0.014). Standardised national data collection of morbidity and error is required for comparisons of outcomes within a single institution or between institutions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to utilise these widely used methods of morbidity analysis for facial fracture surgery. We would recommend further development of an error analysis method that is more specific to complications from facial fracture surgery.
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Abstract
In the current article, we have thoroughly investigated the collective impact of mixed convection with thermal radiation and chemical reaction on MHD flow of viscous and electrically conducting fluid (Cattaneo–Friedrich Maxwell-CFM model) over a permeable surface embedded in a porous medium. Here we have utilized the Caputo time-fractional derivatives and mechanical laws (generalized shear stress constitutive equation and generalized Fourier’s and Fick’s laws) are being used to fractionalize the presented model. The effects of radiative heat flux, Ohmic dissipation, and internal absorption are presented through generalized Fourier’s law while Fick’s law or mass transfer equation offers the effects of first order chemically reactive species. The finite element method and finite difference method are being utilized to numerically solve the nonlinear coupled differential equations. It is established, through compression of numerical and analytical solutions, that the presented model is convergent. Further, error analysis of the subject model is also carried out. Moreover, for better illustration of results, we have also offered a graphical and tabular presentation of impacts of the parameters of interest on velocity, temperature, concentration profile, local skin friction coefficient, and heat and mass transfer. It is evident from the obtained results that velocity near and away from the surface increases with the enhancement of fractional derivative parameter whereas an opposite trend is observed in the case of temperature. Furthermore, it is noticed that temperature shows a decreasing behavior for the value \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\Lambda }_{\theta }<2$$\end{document}Λθ<2 and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\Lambda }_{\phi }<2$$\end{document}Λϕ<2, on the other hand entirely opposite trend is witnessed for \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\Lambda }_{\theta }\ge 3$$\end{document}Λθ≥3 and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\Lambda }_{\phi }\ge 3$$\end{document}Λϕ≥3. From an engineering perspective, we have acquired comprehensive outcomes such that the heat transfer offers an increasing trend in the case of TR and thermal fractional parameter \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\beta_{1}$$\end{document}β1 . Additionally, the chemical reaction parameter and Sc significantly contribute towards the mass transfer rate. Since, in literature, one cannot refer to such results with non-integer Caputo fractional derivatives thus the results obtained through the current assessment hold significance for future research avenues. Moreover, the numerical inferences of the subject study may contribute to an advanced thermal processing method in the food industry to swiftly increase the temperature for cooking or sterilization drives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumtaz Khan
- Department of Mathematics, School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Opposite Sector U, DHA, Lahore Cantt., 54792 Pakistan
| | - Amer Rasheed
- Department of Mathematics, School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Opposite Sector U, DHA, Lahore Cantt., 54792 Pakistan
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19
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Scavia D, Wang YC, Obenour DR, Apostel A, Basile SJ, Kalcic MM, Kirchhoff CJ, Miralha L, Muenich RL, Steiner AL. Quantifying uncertainty cascading from climate, watershed, and lake models in harmful algal bloom predictions. Sci Total Environ 2021; 759:143487. [PMID: 33218797 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In response to increased harmful algal blooms (HABs), hypoxia, and nearshore algae growth in Lake Erie, the United States and Canada agreed to phosphorus load reduction targets. While the load targets were guided by an ensemble of models, none of them considered the effects of climate change. Some watershed models developed to guide load reduction strategies have simulated climate effects, but without extending the resulting loads or their uncertainties to HAB projections. In this study, we integrated an ensemble of four climate models, three watershed models, and four HAB models. Nutrient loads and HAB predictions were generated for historical (1985-1999), current (2002-2017), and mid-21st-century (2051-2065) periods. For the current and historical periods, modeled loads and HABs are comparable to observations but exhibit less interannual variability. Our results show that climate impacts on watershed processes are likely to lead to reductions in future loading, assuming land use and watershed management practices are unchanged. This reduction in load should help reduce the magnitude of future HABs, although increases in lake temperature could mitigate that decrease. Using Monte-Carlo analysis to attribute sources of uncertainty from this cascade of models, we show that the uncertainty associated with each model is significant, and that improvements in all three are needed to build confidence in future projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Scavia
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA.
| | - Yu-Chen Wang
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Daniel R Obenour
- Department of Civil, Construction & Environmental Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Anna Apostel
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering and Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Samantha J Basile
- National Climate Assessment, ICF, 1725 I St NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA
| | - Margaret M Kalcic
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering and Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Christine J Kirchhoff
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Lorrayne Miralha
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Rebecca L Muenich
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Allison L Steiner
- Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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20
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Yang X, Verboven E, Ju BF, Kersemans M. Parametric study on interply tracking in multilayer composites by analytic-signal technology. Ultrasonics 2021; 111:106315. [PMID: 33290958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2020.106315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, researchers proposed the use of ultrasound combined with analytic-signal concepts for the reconstruction of the internal ply structure of composites. Optimal parameters for the pulse-echo mode ultrasonic testing are determined by modeling the analytic-signal response. The internal structure can be reconstructed by instantaneous metrics based on the interaction of the multilayer structure and the ultrasonic wave. However, there are certain drawbacks associated with the use of instantaneous metrics. The phase-derived interply track tends to be sensitive to the inspection conditions. This paper analytically studies the errors of the interply tracking for a wide range of parameters, including (i) signal-to-noise ratio, (ii) bandwidth, (iii) interply thickness, and (iv) attenuation, amongst others. It provides a guideline on how to improve the performance of the interply tracking procedure in real measurements. An experimental study combining the analytic-signal procedure with a standard log-Gabor filter in the frequency domain is performed to derive the interply tracks of a 24-layer composite laminate in a robust way. The bandpass filter selects the appropriate frequency band of the analytic-signal response from the composite. It shows a good ability for frequency and bandwidth selection, and can efficiently cope with noise features. The reconstructed ply tracks in A-scan, B-scan, and C-scan modes are analyzed to verify the performance of this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yang
- Mechanics of Materials and Structures (UGent-MMS), Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power Transmission and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Erik Verboven
- Mechanics of Materials and Structures (UGent-MMS), Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Bing-Feng Ju
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power Transmission and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mathias Kersemans
- Mechanics of Materials and Structures (UGent-MMS), Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
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21
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Zhang Y, Liu JM, Liu MH, Zhang ZB, Wong WH, Zhang DL. Error evaluation of Judd-Ofelt spectroscopic analysis. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 239:118536. [PMID: 32502817 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Judd-Ofelt (J-O) spectroscopic knowledge of a rare-earth-doped luminescent material is crucial to its application. Although a large number of papers with regard to the J-O study of various rare-earth-doped luminescent materials have been reported each year, few papers presented the errors of the J-O intensity parameters Ωi (i = 2, 4, 6) and radiative probabilities evaluated from them. Present study focuses on the error evaluation of the J-O parameters and radiative probabilities. An error theory is established for the J-O analysis and radiative probability. Two error analysis methods based on root mean square of the difference either between measured and calculated oscillator strengths (δfrms) or between measured and calculated line strengths (δSrms) are studied. Explicit error expressions are presented for the J-O parameters and radiative probability. The validity of the theory is verified by applying it to widely studied Er3+, Tm3+, Ho3+ and Nd3+ ions that are doped into four single-crystals (LiNbO3, SrGdGa3O7, LiYF4 and YVO4) and a glass. The two methods are identical in nature and give similar results of errors of Ωi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Department of Opto-electronics and Information Engineering, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-electronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jia-Min Liu
- Department of Opto-electronics and Information Engineering, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-electronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mei-Hong Liu
- Department of Opto-electronics and Information Engineering, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-electronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zi-Bo Zhang
- Department of Engineering, Sorbonne University (Pierre and Marie Curie University), 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Wing-Han Wong
- Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - De-Long Zhang
- Department of Opto-electronics and Information Engineering, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-electronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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22
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Ghiasi MM, Zendehboudi S, Mohsenipour AA. Decision tree-based diagnosis of coronary artery disease: CART model. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2020; 192:105400. [PMID: 32179311 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE As the most common cardiovascular defect, coronary artery disease (CAD), also called ischemic heart disease, is one of the substantial causes of death globally. Several diagnosis approaches such as baseline electrocardiography, echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and coronary angiography are suggested for screening the suspected patients that may suffer from CAD. However, applying such methods may have health side effects and/or expensive costs. METHODS As an alternative to the available diagnosis tools/methods, this research involves a decision tree learning algorithm called classification and regression tree (CART) for a simple and reliable diagnosis of CAD. Several CART models are developed based on the recently CAD dataset published in the literature. RESULTS Utilizing all the features of the dataset (55 independent parameters), it was found that only 40 independent parameters influence the CAD diagnosis and consequently development of the predictive model. Based on the feature importance obtained from the first CART model, three new CART models are then developed using 18, 10, and 5 selected features. Except for the five-feature CART model, the outcomes of developed CART models demonstrate the maximum achievable accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for CAD diagnosis (100%), while comparing the predictions with the reported targets. The error analysis reveals that the literature models including sequential minimal optimization (SMO), bagging SMO, Naïve Bayes (NB), artificial neural network (ANN), C4.5, J48, Bagging, and ANN in conjunction with the genetic algorithm (GA) do not outperform the CART methodology in classifying patients as normal or CAD. CONCLUSIONS Hence, the robustness of the tree-based algorithm in accurate and fast predictions is confirmed, implying the proposed classification technique can be successfully utilized to develop a coherent decision-making system for the CAD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Ghiasi
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
| | - Sohrab Zendehboudi
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada
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23
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Khandelwal A, Narayanan N, Varghese E, Gupta S. Linear and Nonlinear Isotherm Models and Error Analysis for the Sorption of Kresoxim-Methyl in Agricultural Soils of India. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2020; 104:503-510. [PMID: 32064538 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Kresoxim methyl sorption in soils of five agro-climatic zones of India varied from 41.6% to 84.7%. Highest sorption was recorded in organic carbon rich Almora soil. Isotherm parameters for linear and non-linear Freundlich and Temkin models were almost same, whereas Langmuir parameter Q0, for linear (1.60 to 9.434 μg g-1) and non-linear (8.48 to 17.129 μg g-1) models were quite different. For isotherms optimization different error functions such as sum of squares error (SSE), root mean square error (RMSE), Chi square error, hybrid fractional error (HYBRID) and average relative error (ARE) were calculated. Lowest error function values were obtained for Freundlich isotherm in all the soils except inceptisol (Kolkata) for which Langmuir isotherm gave the best fit. Statistical analysis using SAS 9.3 software and Tukey's HSD test revealed the significant effect (p < 0.001) of soil type on sorption. Sorption correlated positively with the organic carbon and clay contents of the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Khandelwal
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Neethu Narayanan
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, 682 018, India
| | - Suman Gupta
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
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24
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Wu X, Liang D, Zhang G. Estimating the accuracy of the random walk simulation of mass transport processes. Water Res 2019; 162:339-346. [PMID: 31295653 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The mass transport processes always accompany the flow phenomena and have attracted many researchers. A lot of numerical methods have been developed to study them. These numerical methods can be classified into the Eulerian and the Lagrangian approaches. The Lagrangian approach has advantages in high stability and simplicity over the Eulerian approach, but suffers from heavy computational cost. In this paper, we are mainly concerned with the trade-offs between the accuracy and computational cost when applying the random walk method, which is a Lagrangian approach for examining the mass transport scenario. We introduce a linear model to assess the accuracy of the random walk method in several computational configurations. Studies on computational parameters, i.e. the size of time step and number of particles, are conducted with the focus on estimation of the longitudinal dispersion coefficient DL in steady flows. The results show that the proposed linear model can satisfactorily explain the computational accuracy, both in sample and out-of-sample. Furthermore, we find a constant dimensionless parameter, which quantifies a generic relationship between the accuracy and the number of particles regardless of the flow and diffusion conditions. This dimensionless parameter is of theoretic value and offers guidelines for choosing the correct computational parameters to achieve the required numerical accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Wu
- Department of Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Dongfang Liang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Geliang Zhang
- School of Securities and Futures, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, China.
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25
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Bugmann G, Goslin J, Thill S. Probing the early phase of rapid instructed rule encoding. Biosystems 2019; 184:103993. [PMID: 31514074 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2019.103993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Humans can rapidly convert instructions about a rule into functional neural structures used to apply the rule. The early stages of this encoding process are poorly understood. We designed a stimulus-response (SR) task in which participants were first shown a SR rule on a screen for 200 ms, and then had to apply it to a test stimulus T, which either matched the S in the rule (SR trial) or not (catch trial). To investigate the early stages of rule encoding, the delay between the end of rule display and the onset of the test stimulus was manipulated and chosen between values of 50 ms to 1300 ms. Participants conducted three sessions of 288 trials each, separated by a median of 9 h. Random sequences of 20 rules were used. We then analysed the reaction times and the types of errors made by participants in the different conditions. The analysis of practice effects in session 1 suggests that the neural networks that process SR and catch trials are at least partially distinct, and improve separately during the practice of respectively SR and catch trials. The rule-encoding process, however, is common to both tasks and improves with the number of trials, irrespective of the trial type. Rule encoding shows interesting dynamic properties that last for 500 ms after the end of the stimulus presentation. The encoding process increases the response time in a non-stochastic way, simply adding a reaction time cost to all responses. The rule-retrieval system is functional before the encoding has stabilized, as early as 50 ms after the end of SR rule presentation, with low response errors. It is sensitive to masking however, producing errors with brief (100 ms) test stimulus presentations. Once encoding has stabilized, the sensitivity to masking disappears. It is suggested that participants do encode rules as a parametrized function, using the same neural encoding structure for each trial, rather than reconfiguring their brain anew for each new SR rule. This structure would have been implemented from instructions received prior to the experiment, by using a library of neural functions available in the brain. The observed errors are consistent with this view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Bugmann
- Centre for Robotics and Neural Systems, Plymouth University, UK.
| | | | - Serge Thill
- Centre for Robotics and Neural Systems, Plymouth University, UK; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Netherlands.
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26
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Li M, Wang D, Liu X, Sun J. Evaluation and correction on quinones' quantification errors: Derived from the coexistence of different quinone species and pH-sensitive feature. Chemosphere 2019; 230:67-75. [PMID: 31102873 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Quinones are becoming an essential tool for refractory organics treatment, while their quantification may be not well-considered. In this paper, two kinds of potential errors in quantification were evaluated in multiple pH conditions. They were derived from the coexistence of oxidized/reduced quinone species (Type I) and pH-sensitive feature (Type II), respectively. These errors would remarkably influence the accuracy of quantification while they haven't been emphasized. Thus, to elaborate the relationship between the two types of errors and the absorbance or pH conditions, three typical quinones [Anthraquinone-1-sulfonate (α-AQS), anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) and lawsone] were selected and their acid dissociation coefficients (pKa) as well as UV-Vis spectra were determined. Results revealed that, for Type I, the relative error (RE) of α-AQS concentration would exceed the limit (5%) when reduced α-AQS was below 48% of total α-AQS. Similar results were found for lawsone. However, the RE can be eliminated by the equation established in this paper. For Type II, the pH-sensitive feature was related to the pKa values of quinones. Absorbances of α-AQS and lawsone would change remarkably with pH variation. Therefore, a model for correction was established. Analog data showed high consistency with experimental data [r = 0.995 (n = 25, p < 0.01) and r = 0.997 (n = 36, p < 0.01), for lawsone and α-AQS respectively]. Especially, the determination of AQDS concentrations was noticed to be pH-independent at 437 nm under pH 4.00 to 9.18 conditions. Based on these features, a comprehensive data solution was proposed for handling these errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
| | - Xiaoduo Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
| | - Jingmei Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
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27
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Yi H, Zhou Y, Tang J, Chen ZC. Simulations and error analysis of the CNC milling of a face gear tooth with given tool paths. Data Brief 2019; 25:104145. [PMID: 31297425 PMCID: PMC6598831 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This data article gives the validation files to the article “CNC milling of face gears with a novel geometric analysis” [1]. The data is about the simulation and machining error analysis of the CNC milling of a face gear tooth with given tool paths. It includes four files. Three of them are simulation videos of the CNC milling process in VERICUT with a general view, partial view and enlarged view, respectively. The other one is the source file of the machining error analysis, and it has the design model of the face gear, the simulated machined model of the face gear, and machining error analysis according to the comparison of the design model and simulated machined model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huicheng Yi
- College of Automative Engineering, Hunan Industry Polytechnic, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Yuansheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.,College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Jinyuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.,College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zezhong C Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G1M8, Canada
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Futalan CM, Phatai P, Kim J, Maulana AY, Yee JJ. Treatment of soil washing wastewater via adsorption of lead and zinc using graphene oxide. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:17292-17304. [PMID: 31016587 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized via the modified Hummers method and utilized in treating real soil washing wastewater via adsorptive removal of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn). Characterization analysis of GO was performed using X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and zeta potential analysis. The Van't Hoff, Eyring, and Arrhenius equations were applied to determine the activation and thermodynamic parameters namely activation energy (Ea), standard Gibbs energy change (ΔG°), standard enthalpy change (ΔH°), standard entropy change (ΔS°), change in activation Gibbs energy (ΔG#), change in activation enthalpy (ΔH#), and change in activation entropy (ΔS#). Based on the high coefficient of determination values (0.8882 ≥ R2 ≥ 0.9094) and low values of SSE (0.0292 ≤ SSE ≤ 0.0511) and ARE (0.8014 ≤ ARE ≤ 0.8822), equilibrium data agreed well with the Freundlich isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity for Pb(II) and Zn(II) was determined to be 11.57 and 4.65 mg/g, respectively. Kinetic studies revealed that pseudo-second-order equation fitted well with the experimental data, which indicates that chemisorption is the rate-determining step of the adsorption system. Results have shown the possibility of GO as a potential adsorbent material in the treatment of soil washing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cybelle M Futalan
- National Research Center for Disaster-Free and Safe Ocean City, Dong-A University, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Piaw Phatai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani, 41000, Thailand
| | - JongSik Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Dong-A University, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Achmad Yanuar Maulana
- Department of Chemistry, Dong-A University, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Jurng-Jae Yee
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Dong-A University, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Abstract
In this article, we conduct an extensive quantitative error analysis of different multi-modal neural machine translation (MNMT) models which integrate visual features into different parts of both the encoder and the decoder. We investigate the scenario where models are trained on an in-domain training data set of parallel sentence pairs with images. We analyse two different types of MNMT models, that use global and local image features: the latter encode an image globally, i.e. there is one feature vector representing an entire image, whereas the former encode spatial information, i.e. there are multiple feature vectors, each encoding different portions of the image. We conduct an error analysis of translations generated by different MNMT models as well as text-only baselines, where we study how multi-modal models compare when translating both visual and non-visual terms. In general, we find that the additional multi-modal signals consistently improve translations, even more so when using simpler MNMT models that use global visual features. We also find that not only translations of terms with a strong visual connotation are improved, but almost all kinds of errors decreased when using multi-modal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iacer Calixto
- University of Amsterdam, ILLC, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Qun Liu
- Huawei Noah’s Ark Lab, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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30
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Adler TJ, Ardizzone L, Vemuri A, Ayala L, Gröhl J, Kirchner T, Wirkert S, Kruse J, Rother C, Köthe U, Maier-Hein L. Uncertainty-aware performance assessment of optical imaging modalities with invertible neural networks. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2019; 14:997-1007. [PMID: 30903566 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-019-01939-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Optical imaging is evolving as a key technique for advanced sensing in the operating room. Recent research has shown that machine learning algorithms can be used to address the inverse problem of converting pixel-wise multispectral reflectance measurements to underlying tissue parameters, such as oxygenation. Assessment of the specific hardware used in conjunction with such algorithms, however, has not properly addressed the possibility that the problem may be ill-posed. METHODS We present a novel approach to the assessment of optical imaging modalities, which is sensitive to the different types of uncertainties that may occur when inferring tissue parameters. Based on the concept of invertible neural networks, our framework goes beyond point estimates and maps each multispectral measurement to a full posterior probability distribution which is capable of representing ambiguity in the solution via multiple modes. Performance metrics for a hardware setup can then be computed from the characteristics of the posteriors. RESULTS Application of the assessment framework to the specific use case of camera selection for physiological parameter estimation yields the following insights: (1) estimation of tissue oxygenation from multispectral images is a well-posed problem, while (2) blood volume fraction may not be recovered without ambiguity. (3) In general, ambiguity may be reduced by increasing the number of spectral bands in the camera. CONCLUSION Our method could help to optimize optical camera design in an application-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim J Adler
- Computer Assisted Medical Interventions, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 223, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | - Anant Vemuri
- Computer Assisted Medical Interventions, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 223, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leonardo Ayala
- Computer Assisted Medical Interventions, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 223, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Janek Gröhl
- Computer Assisted Medical Interventions, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 223, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Computer Assisted Medical Interventions, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 223, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wirkert
- Computer Assisted Medical Interventions, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 223, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Kruse
- Visual Learning Lab, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Rother
- Visual Learning Lab, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ullrich Köthe
- Visual Learning Lab, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena Maier-Hein
- Computer Assisted Medical Interventions, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 223, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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31
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Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to present a review of health information system (HIS)-induced errors and its management. This paper concludes that the occurrence of errors is inevitable but it can be minimised with preventive measures. The review of classifications can be used to evaluate medical errors related to HISs using a socio-technical approach. The evaluation could provide an understanding of errors as a learning process in managing medical errors. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH A literature review was performed on issues, sources, management and approaches to HISs-induced errors. A critical review of selected models was performed in order to identify medical error dimensions and elements based on human, process, technology and organisation factors. FINDINGS Various error classifications have resulted in the difficulty to understand the overall error incidents. Most classifications are based on clinical processes and settings. Medical errors are attributed to human, process, technology and organisation factors that influenced and need to be aligned with each other. Although most medical errors are caused by humans, they also originate from other latent factors such as poor system design and training. Existing evaluation models emphasise different aspects of medical errors and could be combined into a comprehensive evaluation model. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS Overview of the issues and discourses in HIS-induced errors could divulge its complexity and enable its causal analysis. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS This paper helps in understanding various types of HIS-induced errors and promising prevention and management approaches that call for further studies and improvement leading to good practices that help prevent medical errors. ORIGINALITY/VALUE Classification of HIS-induced errors and its management, which incorporates a socio-technical and multi-disciplinary approach, could guide researchers and practitioners to conduct a holistic and systematic evaluation.
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Elmaghraby EK, Tohamy M, Comsan MNH. Determination of isotopes activity ratio using gamma ray spectroscopy based on neural network model. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 148:19-26. [PMID: 30897450 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The uranium isotopes activity-ratio was determined using in-situ γ-ray spectroscopic measurements and an artificial neural network model. The method was developed to use forward-learn multilayer algorithm. Each layer consists of a perceptron, that controls the forward-learn process, and a mean-square-error mapping for the spectral data from the set of fired perceptrons. The set of output parameters should represent a vector of coefficients for double logarithmic polynomial that distinguish the instrumental efficiency. The forward-learn is controlled by a rejection function which is based on an input set Ψ of parameters that tells the neural layer to accept or reject data points. Each layer maps to the next layer by reducing chi-square-difference with the experimental uncertainty as weight. There are two supervised controls to the network, the maximum deviation from interpolated curve and the assumed initial set of rejection parameters (Ψ0). The model was tested on spectra of known enrichments and gave an excellent agreement with low enriched uranium samples ((1.38 ± 0.14)% and (20 ± 1.55)%). The use of the algorithm on natural uranium ore and association with radium-226 daughters causes increase of uncertainty and deviation of the results from the certified value. The current algorithm provides a practical solution to a wide range of gamma-ray measurement problems encountered for in-situ characterization of uranium-containing materials. These include security, safeguards, fuel assessment, decontamination and decommissioning operations with no collimation or special setup. It is also applicable for large-scale installations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed K Elmaghraby
- Experimental Nuclear Physics Department, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt.
| | - M Tohamy
- Experimental Nuclear Physics Department, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt.
| | - M N H Comsan
- Experimental Nuclear Physics Department, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt.
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Batista PD, Machado IP, Roios P, Lavrador J, Cattoni MB, Martins J, Carvalho H. Position and Orientation Errors in a Neuronavigation Procedure: A Stepwise Protocol Using a Cranial Phantom. World Neurosurg 2019; 126:e342-e350. [PMID: 30822590 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuronavigation procedures demand high precision and accuracy. Despite this need, there are still few studies analyzing errors in such procedures. The aim of this study was to use a custom-built cranial phantom to measure target position and orientation errors in different phases of a simulated neuronavigation procedure. METHODS A cranial phantom with 10 target sites was designed and imaged with computed tomography and magnetic resonance. A segmentation of a cloud of points of the phantom (ground truth) was obtained using an optical tracking system and compared with the images (imaging phase). Targets and trajectories were then planned with neuronavigation software and compared with the ground truth (planning phase). The same plan was used to identify the points in real space after image-to-phantom registration and calculate the final error of the procedure by comparison with the ground truth (registration and execution phase). RESULTS The mean errors after the imaging phase were 1.11 ± 0.42 mm and 3.23° ± 1.69° for position and orientation, respectively. After planning the mean errors were 1.10 ± 0.39 mm and 5.55° ± 2.91°. The global errors after the registration and mechanical execution were 3.93 ± 1.70 mm and 3.65° ± 1.29°. CONCLUSIONS After a stepwise analysis, registration and mechanical execution were the main contributors to the global position error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro D Batista
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital de Santa Maria, CHLN, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Inês P Machado
- IDMEC/LAETA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Roios
- IDMEC/LAETA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Lavrador
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital de Santa Maria, CHLN, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Adult and Paediatric Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital, Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria B Cattoni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital de Santa Maria, CHLN, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Martins
- IDMEC/LAETA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Herculano Carvalho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital de Santa Maria, CHLN, Lisbon, Portugal
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Keppens C, Dufraing K, van Krieken HJ, Siebers AG, Kafatos G, Lowe K, Demonty G, Dequeker EMC. European follow-up of incorrect biomarker results for colorectal cancer demonstrates the importance of quality improvement projects. Virchows Arch 2019; 475:25-37. [PMID: 30719547 PMCID: PMC6611891 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-019-02525-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Biomarker analysis for colorectal cancer has been shown to be reliable in Europe with 97% of samples tested by EQA participants to be correctly classified. This study focuses on errors during the annual EQA assessment. The aim was to explore the causes and actions related to the observed errors and to provide feedback and assess any improvement between 2016 and 2017. An electronic survey was sent to all laboratories with minimum one genotyping error or technical failure on ten tumor samples. A workshop was organized based on 2016 survey responses. Improvement of performance in 2017 was assessed for returning participants (n = 76), survey respondents (n = 13) and workshop participants (n = 4). Survey respondents and workshop participants improved in terms of (maximum) analysis score, successful participation, and genotyping errors compared to all returning participants. In 2016, mostly pre- and post-analytical errors (both 25%) were observed caused by unsuitability of the tumor tissue for molecular analysis. In 2017, most errors were due to analytical problems (50.0%) caused by methodological problems. The most common actions taken (n = 58) were protocol revisions (34.5%) and staff training (15.5%). In 24.1% of issues identified no action was performed. Corrective actions were linked to an improved performance, especially if performed by the pathologist. Although biomarker testing has improved over time, error occurrence at different phases stresses the need for quality improvement throughout the test process. Participation to quality improvement projects and a close collaboration with the pathologist can have a positive influence on performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleo Keppens
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Biomedical Quality Assurance Research Unit, University of Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35 block d, 1st floor, box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kelly Dufraing
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Biomedical Quality Assurance Research Unit, University of Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35 block d, 1st floor, box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Han J. van Krieken
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10 (route 812), P.O.Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen (824), The Netherlands
| | - Albert G. Siebers
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10 (route 812), P.O.Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen (824), The Netherlands
| | - George Kafatos
- Amgen Ltd, 1 Uxbridge Business Park, Sanderson Road, Uxbridge, UB8 1DH UK
| | - Kimberly Lowe
- Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Drive, MS 17-2-A, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA
| | - Gaston Demonty
- Amgen Belgium S.A./N.V, Arianelaan 5, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth M. C. Dequeker
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Biomedical Quality Assurance Research Unit, University of Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35 block d, 1st floor, box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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35
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Abstract
Purpose Wrong lens implants have been associated with the highest frequency of medical errors in cataract surgery. The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) framework to sustainably reduce wrong intraocular lens (IOL) implants in cataract surgery. Design/methodology/approach In this mixed-methods study, the SEIPS framework was used to analyse a series of (near) misses of IOL implants in a national tertiary specialty hospital in Singapore. A series of interventions was developed and applied in the case hospital. Risk assessment audits were done before the interventions (2012; n=6,111 surgeries), during its implementation ( n=7,475) and in the two years post-interventions (2013-2015; n=39,390) to compare the wrong IOL-rates. Findings Although the absolute number of incidents was low, the incident rate decreased from 4.91 before to 2.54 per 10,000 cases after. Near miss IOL error decreased from 5.89 before to 3.55 per 1,000 cases after. The number of days between two IOL incidents increased from 35 to an initial peak of 385 before stabilizing on 56. The large variety of available IOL types and vendors was found as the main root cause of wrong implants that required reoperation. Practical implications The SEIPS framework seems to be helpful to assess components involved and develop sustainable quality and safety interventions that intervene at different levels of the system. Originality/value The SEIPS model is supportive to address differences between person and system root causes comprehensively and thereby foster quality and patient safety culture.
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Jin Q, Huang L, Li A, Shan A. Quantification of the limitation of Langmuir model used in adsorption research on sediments via site energy heterogeneity. Chemosphere 2017; 185:518-528. [PMID: 28715763 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Langmuir model has been extensively introduced into the field of environmental adsorption, while some studies showed that it was difficult for the model to describe the adsorption of sediments. The purpose of this paper is to recognize the applicability of the Langmuir model used in the adsorption of contaminants onto sediments quantitatively through the relationship between the error of Langmuir (δ) and site energy heterogeneity (σ). The formula for calculating δ in sediments was developed based on the heterogeneity parameters (m, n). The data was extracted from papers discussing about the adsorption of pollutants on natural sediments. It was further used to investigate the error of Langmuir and the effect on the error from the site energy heterogeneity. The results indicate that the Langmuir model can be applied in sediments when each one of the conditions below is satisfied, (1) m and n lie in the area which signifies that the relative error is less than 10%, (2) the site energy heterogeneity of sediment is under 5.668. These findings are vital for the proper choice of models fitting the adsorption process of sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Limin Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Aidang Shan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, PR China
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Perwög M, Bardosi Z, Freysinger W. Experimental validation of predicted application accuracies for computer-assisted (CAS) intraoperative navigation with paired-point registration. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2017; 13:425-441. [PMID: 28801767 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-017-1653-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The target registration error (TRE) is a crucial parameter to estimate the potential usefulness of computer-assisted navigation intraoperatively. Both image-to-patient registration on base of rigid-body registration and TRE prediction methods are available for spatially isotropic and anisotropic data. This study presents a thorough validation of data obtained in an experimental operating room setting with CT images. METHODS Optical tracking was used to register a plastic skull, an anatomic specimen, and a volunteer to their respective CT images. Plastic skull and anatomic specimen had implanted bone fiducials for registration; the volunteer was registered with anatomic landmarks. Fiducial localization error, fiducial registration error, and total target error (TTE) were measured; the TTE was compared to isotropic and anisotropic error prediction models. Numerical simulations of the experiment were done additionally. RESULTS The user localization error and the TTE were measured and calculated using predictions, both leading to results as expected for anatomic landmarks and screws used as fiducials. TRE/TTE is submillimetric for the plastic skull and the anatomic specimen. In the experimental data a medium correlation was found between TRE and target localization error (TLE). Most of the predictions of the application accuracy (TRE) fall in the 68% confidence interval of the measured TTE. For the numerically simulated data, a prediction of TTE was not possible; TRE and TTE show a negligible correlation. CONCLUSION Experimental application accuracy of computer-assisted navigation could be predicted satisfactorily with adequate models in an experimental setup with paired-point registration of CT images to a patient. The experimental findings suggest that it is possible to run navigation and prediction of navigation application accuracy basically defined by the spatial resolution/precision of the 3D tracker used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Perwög
- Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Zoltan Bardosi
- Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck, Austria
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Khamparia S, Jaspal DK. Xanthium strumarium L. seed hull as a zero cost alternative for Rhodamine B dye removal. J Environ Manage 2017; 197:498-506. [PMID: 28412621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.03.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of polluted water has been considered as one of the most important aspects in environmental sciences. Present study explores the decolorization potential of a low cost natural adsorbent Xanthium strumarium L. seed hull for the adsorption of a toxic xanthene dye, Rhodamine B (RHB). The characterization of the adsorbent revealed the presence of high amount of carbon, when exposed to Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Further appreciable decolorization took place which was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis noticing shift in peaks. Isothermal studies indicated multilayer adsorption following Freundlich isotherm. The rate of adsorption was supported by second order kinetics directing a chemical phenomenon during the process with dominance of film diffusion as the rate governing step. Moreover paper aims at correlating the chemical arena to the mathematical aspect providing an in-depth information of the studied treatment process. For proper assessment and validation of the observed data, experimental data has been statistically treated by applying different error functions namely, Chi-square test (χ2), Sum of absolute errors (EABS) and Normalized standard deviation (NSD). Further practical applicability of the low cost adsorbent was evaluated by continuous column mode studies with 72.2% of dye recovery. Xanthium strumarium L. proved to be environment friendly low cost natural adsorbent for decolorizing RHB from aquatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Khamparia
- Symbiosis Centre for Research and Innovation, Symbiosis International University, Lavale, Pune 412115, India.
| | - Dipika Kaur Jaspal
- Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International University, Lavale, Pune 412115, India.
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39
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Lothe AG, Sinha A. Development of model for prediction of Leachate Pollution Index (LPI) in absence of leachate parameters. Waste Manag 2017; 63:327-336. [PMID: 27473886 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Leachate pollution index (LPI) is an environmental index which quantifies the pollution potential of leachate generated in landfill site. Calculation of Leachate pollution index (LPI) is based on concentration of 18 parameters present in leachate. However, in case of non-availability of all 18 parameters evaluation of actual values of LPI becomes difficult. In this study, a model has been developed to predict the actual values of LPI in case of partial availability of parameters. This model generates eleven equations that helps in determination of upper and lower limit of LPI. The geometric mean of these two values results in LPI value. Application of this model to three landfill site results in LPI value with an error of ±20% for ∑inwi⩾0.6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali G Lothe
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Alok Sinha
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad 826004, India.
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40
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Narayanan N, Gupta S, Gajbhiye VT, Manjaiah KM. Optimization of isotherm models for pesticide sorption on biopolymer-nanoclay composite by error analysis. Chemosphere 2017; 173:502-511. [PMID: 28131920 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A carboxy methyl cellulose-nano organoclay (nano montmorillonite modified with 35-45 wt % dimethyl dialkyl (C14-C18) amine (DMDA)) composite was prepared by solution intercalation method. The prepared composite was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The composite was utilized for its pesticide sorption efficiency for atrazine, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam. The sorption data was fitted into Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms using linear and non linear methods. The linear regression method suggested best fitting of sorption data into Type II Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. In order to avoid the bias resulting from linearization, seven different error parameters were also analyzed by non linear regression method. The non linear error analysis suggested that the sorption data fitted well into Langmuir model rather than in Freundlich model. The maximum sorption capacity, Q0 (μg/g) was given by imidacloprid (2000) followed by thiamethoxam (1667) and atrazine (1429). The study suggests that the degree of determination of linear regression alone cannot be used for comparing the best fitting of Langmuir and Freundlich models and non-linear error analysis needs to be done to avoid inaccurate results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neethu Narayanan
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Suman Gupta
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - V T Gajbhiye
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - K M Manjaiah
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
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41
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Nadig A, Mulligan A. Intact non-word repetition and similar error patterns in language-matched children with autism spectrum disorders: A pilot study. J Commun Disord 2017; 66:13-21. [PMID: 28349875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated whether enhanced auditory short-term memory may contribute to the learning of novel word forms in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. We also evaluated whether delayed but qualitatively normal, versus atypical, cognitive processes underlie non-word repetition in this population via a detailed error analysis. METHOD English-speaking children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (who had significant language delay) and typically-developing children matched pairwise on language ability were compared on the Syllable Repetition Task (Shriberg et al., 2009). RESULTS All children exhibited better performance on stimuli of shorter vs. longer syllable length. In addition there was a significant interaction whereby children with Autism Spectrum Disorder performed better than typically-developing children at the longest syllable length. Repetition accuracy was significantly correlated with language level in both groups. In contrast, the relationship between Repetition accuracy and age was only marginally significant in the Autism Spectrum Disorder group and did not reach significance in the typically-developing group. This underscores the importance of language level to non-word repetition performance, and supports the practice of matching on language rather than age alone. An error analysis (Shriberg et al., 2012) showed many similarities between groups in terms of number of consonants deleted, encoding accuracy, and transcoding accuracy components of the task. However the Autism Spectrum Disorder group tended to display better auditory short-term memory with a medium effect size, though this did not reach significance given the small sample size. CONCLUSION These findings extend evidence of delayed but qualitatively normal non-word repetition previously described in preadolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (Williams et al., 2013) to younger kindergarten-age children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and language delay, indicating that non-word repetition is not an area of specific difficulty for this population. With respect to enhanced auditory short-term memory, we found preliminary evidence of better memory for longer nonwords in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder compared to younger typically developing children who were matched on language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Nadig
- McGill University School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, 2001 Avenue McGill College Suite 800, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1G1, Canada; Centre for Research on Brain, Language & Music, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Anjali Mulligan
- McGill University School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, 2001 Avenue McGill College Suite 800, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1G1, Canada
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Abstract
Training a Spiking Neural Network using SpikeProp and its derivatives faces stability issues. Surges, marked by a sudden rise in learning cost, are a common occurrence during the learning process. They disrupt the learning process and often destabilize the process resulting in failure. A proper learning rate, which is neither too small nor too big, is important to minimize surges. Furthermore, external disturbances due to imperfection in sample data as well as internal disturbances are additional destabilizing source during the learning process. In this paper, we perform error system analysis incorporating external disturbance, followed by weight convergence analysis along with detailed robust stability analysis of SpikeProp learning process to ensure error bound of the learning process. Based on these results, we propose a robust adaptive learning rate scheme that aligns with the results of theoretical analysis. The performance of the proposed method has been compared with other prevalent methods based on different benchmark datasets and the results demonstrate that our method indeed has better performance in terms of convergence and learning speed as well.
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43
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Narayanamoorthy S, Sathiyapriya SP. Homotopy perturbation method: a versatile tool to evaluate linear and nonlinear fuzzy Volterra integral equations of the second kind. Springerplus 2016; 5:387. [PMID: 27047713 PMCID: PMC4816960 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we focus on linear and nonlinear fuzzy Volterra integral equations of the second kind and we propose a numerical scheme using homotopy perturbation method (HPM) to obtain fuzzy approximate solutions to them. To facilitate the benefits of this proposal, an algorithmic form of the HPM is also designed to handle the same. In order to illustrate the potentiality of the approach, two test problems are offered and the obtained numerical results are compared with the existing exact solutions and are depicted in terms of plots to reveal its precision and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Narayanamoorthy
- Department of Mathematics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 046 India
| | - S P Sathiyapriya
- Department of Mathematics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 046 India
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Cai K, Yang R, Chen H, Huang Y, Wen X, Huang W, Ou S. Synchronization Design and Error Analysis of Near-Infrared Cameras in Surgical Navigation. J Med Syst 2016; 40:7. [PMID: 26573644 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-015-0368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The accuracy of optical tracking systems is important to scientists. With the improvements reported in this regard, such systems have been applied to an increasing number of operations. To enhance the accuracy of these systems further and to reduce the effect of synchronization and visual field errors, this study introduces a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based synchronization control method, a method for measuring synchronous errors, and an error distribution map in field of view. Synchronization control maximizes the parallel processing capability of FPGA, and synchronous error measurement can effectively detect the errors caused by synchronization in an optical tracking system. The distribution of positioning errors can be detected in field of view through the aforementioned error distribution map. Therefore, doctors can perform surgeries in areas with few positioning errors, and the accuracy of optical tracking systems is considerably improved. The system is analyzed and validated in this study through experiments that involve the proposed methods, which can eliminate positioning errors attributed to asynchronous cameras and different fields of view.
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45
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Xhaferllari I, El-Sherif O, Gaede S. Poster - Thur Eve - 53: Analysis of the distribution of dose delivery during respiratory-gated step-and-shoot IMRT for lung cancer radiotherapy. Med Phys 2012; 39:4634-4635. [PMID: 28516678 DOI: 10.1118/1.4740161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory motion is a large source of dosimetric error when treating lung cancer with Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT). The asynchronicity of the tumour motion and the multileaf collimator (MLC) used to modulate the radiation beam intensity, leads to the interplay effect. One method to account for this effect is respiratory gating. Treatment planning optimization for gated IMRT is performed on a subset average 4D-CT which includes the phases surrounding end exhalation. However, this assumes that the beam delivery will be evenly distributed amongst those phases. This study investigates the distribution of beam delivery during gated step-and-shoot IMRT (SS-IMRT) for both early and late stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Four Stage I NSCLC patients, prescribed a dose of 54 Gy in 3 fractions, and five Stage III NSCLC patients, prescribed a dose of 60 Gy in 30 fractions, were retrospectively planned with high and low modulation beams-IMRT, and delivered using the QUASAR™ Programmable Respiratory Motion Platform with 15 mm and 20 mm peak-to-peak sinusoidal motion and real patient breathing motion. The percent monitor units delivered at each phase were compared. For Stage I patients, the monitor units delivered were evenly distributed over the gating window due to a high number of monitor units delivered per control point. For Stage III patients, as the complexity of SS-IMRT increases, there were more monitor units delivered in the initial gating phase. This dose discrepancy could potentially lead to geographic miss of the tumour and should be taken into account during treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Xhaferllari
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Physics and Engineering Department, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada
| | - O El-Sherif
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Physics and Engineering Department, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada
| | - S Gaede
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Physics and Engineering Department, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada
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46
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McEwen M, Gamal IE. Sci-Fri PM: Delivery - 04: Quantitative air communication testing of ion chambers for megavoltage dosimetry. Med Phys 2012; 39:4643. [PMID: 28516657 DOI: 10.1118/1.4740199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The valid application of the standard correction for air density (PTP in the TG-51 protocol) requires that for a vented ion chamber (basically all reference-class ion chambers) the air cavity does indeed communicate directly with the external environment. However, this assumption is not tested by users, and not universally verified by calibration laboratories. A system has therefore been developed at the National Research Council to test air communication of cylindrical and parallel-plate ion chambers. The systems is based on measurements in a vacuum vessel with a Sr-90 check source; the procedure is simple and quick and can measure ionization currents over the pressure range 0 kPa (atmospheric) to -20kPa (0.8 atm) with an uncertainty better than 0.2%. Investigation of a wide range of chamber types shows that for a coarse check on chamber performance (i.e., that the chamber is vented to atmosphere) measurement at a single polarity is sufficient (total test time less than 15 minutes) but for accurate characterization of the chamber performance, data at both polarities must be acquired. The accuracy of the system means that it can potentially be used to investigate: i) the validity of the pressure correction, and ii) the source of the polarity correction in cylindrical and parallel-plate chambers. The air communication test will be implemented as part of the standard calibration services provided by NRC for external beam radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M McEwen
- Ionizing Radiation Standards Group, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - I El Gamal
- Ionizing Radiation Standards Group, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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47
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Ploquin N, Kertzscher G, Vandervoort E, Cygler JE, Andersen CE, Francescon P. Sci-Fri PM: Delivery - 07: Cyberknife relative output factor measurements using fiber-coupled luminescence, MOSFETS and RADPOS dosimetry system. Med Phys 2012; 39:4643. [PMID: 28516658 DOI: 10.1118/1.4740202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel dosimetry systems based on Al2 O3 :C radioluminescence (RL) and a 4D dosimetry system (RADPOS) from Best Medical Canada were used to measure the relative output factor (ROF) on Cyberknife. Measurements were performed in a solid water phantom at the depth of 1.5 cm and SSD = 78.5 cm for cones from 5 to 60 mm. ROFs were also measured using a mobileMOSFET system (Best Medical Canada) and EBT1 and EBT2 GAFCHROMIC® (ISP, Ashland) radiochromic films. For cone sizes 12.5-60 mm all detector results were in agreement within the measurement uncertainty. The microMOSFET/RADPOS measurements (published corrections applied) yielded ROFs of 0.650 ± 1.9%, 0.811 ± 0.9% and 0.843 ± 1.7% for the 5, 7.5 and 10 mm cones, respectively, and were in excellent agreement with radiochromic film values (averaged for EBT1 and EBT2) of 0.645 ± 1.4%, 0.806 ± 1.1% and 0.859 ± 1.1%. Monte-Carlo calculated correction factors were applied to the RL readings to correct for excessive scatter due to the relatively high effective atomic number of Al2 O3 (Z=10.2) compared to water for the 5, 7.5 and 10 mm cones. When these corrections are applied to our RL detector measurements, we obtain ROFs of 0.656 ± 0.3% and 0.815 ± 0.3% and 0.865 ± 0.3% for 5, 7.5 and 10 mm cones. Our study shows that the microMOSFET/RADPOS and optical fiber-coupled RL dosimetry system are well suited for Cyberknife cone output factors measurements over the entire range of field sizes, provided that appropriate correction factors are applied for the smallest cone sizes (5, 7.5 and 10 mm).
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ploquin
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Medical Physics, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,University of Ottawa, Department of Radiology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - G Kertzscher
- Centre for Nuclear Technologies, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - E Vandervoort
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Medical Physics, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,University of Ottawa, Department of Radiology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - J E Cygler
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Medical Physics, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,University of Ottawa, Department of Radiology, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Carleton University, Department of Physics, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - C E Andersen
- Centre for Nuclear Technologies, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - P Francescon
- Ospedale Di Vicenza, Medical Physics Department, Vicenza, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a phantom and measurement protocol for quantifying spatial accuracy of an MR imaging system over its entire imaging volume. METHODS The measurement protocol is comprised of a phantom, a set of MR sequence parameters for imaging the phantom, and analysis software for calculating spatial errors in the acquired phantom images. The phantom covers the entire imaging volume of the scanner above the patient table. It consists of layers of tooling foam which does not produce any detectable signal on conventional MR images, embedded with a matrix of oil capsules to serve as markers. To account for possible spatial errors in the construction of the phantom, the phantom was imaged with CT to create a gold standard data set. On MR scanners, the phantom is acquired with a 3D FGRE sequence that covers an extended FOV of 61.44 mm and with bandwidth = ±62.5 kHz. Error measurements are performed by detecting markers in the image sets and identifying them based on their known locations on the phantom. The spatial error of a marker is defined as the difference between its locations on the MR and CT image sets. RESULTS The phantom was constructed and the measurement protocol was executed on two different MR scanners. Some markers were located in areas of severe field inhomogeneity or gradient nonlinearity, and could not be adequately detected for analysis. Maximum errors over concentric spherical regions were observed by plotting the error of each marker as a function of their distance from isocenter. CONCLUSION The proposed phantom and protocol can be an effective tool for verifying the spatial accuracy of an MR system, which in turn can improve the accuracy and confidence of MR guided therapies. Data from this protocol may also be used in the development of advanced distortion correction algorithms. Employed by General Electric Healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hwang
- General Electric Company, Waukesha, WI
| | | | | | - J Maier
- General Electric Company, Waukesha, WI
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Abstract
PURPOSE To commission and verify an Epson scanner for film dosimetry for total skin electron beam therapy (TSEB). METHODS Use data from an IBA PPC40 parallel-plate ion chamber and Sun Nuclear QED skin diode detectors as standard; we have made comparisons to the film measurement using Kodak XV films. Hurter-Driffield (HD) curve are established for 6 MeV total skin electron beams at a source-to-surface distance (SSD) of 5 m. Also HD curves are built for 6 MeV at a 100 cm SSD. Dose profiles for a series of oblique incident large electron fields are measured using the film for approximately 80 cGy dose delivered at the peak. The film is then scanned using two scanners, an Epson expression 10000 XL and a Vidar VXR-16 Dosimetry Pro. The optimal scanning conditions (e.g., dot per pixel size, internal color correction scheme) are chosen for the Epson scanner. Matlab is then used to analyze the optical density (OD) of the scanned films. A transmission densitometer made by Tobias Associates transmission is used to analyze the films to give a classical standard. RESULTS The analysis of the Epson scanner is presented in two forms: one with and one without the HD correction from the established HD curve. The error analysis gives an uncertainty of 5% without the HD correction. An improved result of approximately 3% is found when an HD correction is applied to the analysis. CONCLUSIONS A simple Epson scanner satisfies the commissioning standards for TSEB when an HD curve correction is applied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K Wang
- University Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - S Tang
- University Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - T Zhu
- University Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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50
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Grant W, Mcgary J, Rosen I, Nitsch P, Davidson S. SU-E-T-210: Surviving a Visit by the Radiological Physics Center. Med Phys 2012; 39:3751. [PMID: 28517340 DOI: 10.1118/1.4735271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate an objective approach to determining if a negative report from the Radiological Physics Center (RPC) of greater than 10% error is valid or has clinical significance. METHODS The discrepancy involved the clinical activity (mgRaEq) of Cs-137 sources, some manufactured by 3M and some by Amersham. Measurements were made in the proprietary RPC Well Counter calibrated by the MD Anderson ADCL and our Well Counter (CNMC, Model 44D) calibrated by the same laboratory as well as the University of Wisconsin ADCL. In addition, we possess an Amersham Cs-137 Check Source that had been calibrated by the UW-ADCL in 2002. All clinical sources were checked in both Well Counters on the first visit. One clinical source and the Check Source were measured in a second visit that occurred 51 days later. RESULTS On the initial RPC visit, 9 of 25 sources had a minimum of an 8% discrepancy between the RPC and the Institution, with a maximum of 11%. Contributing errors included using the incorrect straw position by us, an unexplained 2.3% error in the RPC data identified 73 days post-visit, a 2% variation in Chamber Factors for our Well Counter from the two ADCL's. When we use the 2004 value of Air Kerma Strength for the Check Source to determine a Calibration Factor of the Well Counter, all sources were within 0.5% of their decayed value established in 2002. CONCLUSIONS This work emphasizes the value of having simple Constancy Check systems in a Quality Assurance program as 'Accuracy' has error bars. The disagreement in calibration data between the ADCL Laboratories, which was at the 2% maximum quoted in their Calibration Reports, is a reminder that there is uncertainty in measurements. Constancy Checks allow one to sort out discrepancies and to answer challenges to the validity of your program.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Grant
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - J Mcgary
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - I Rosen
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - P Nitsch
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - S Davidson
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
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