A comparative study of Sumudu HPM and Elzaki HPM for coupled Burgers' equation

The two hybrid algorithms Sumudu HPM and Elzaki HPM are used in the current study to tackle coupled Burgers' equations and produce accurate results. To demonstrate the validity of the given approaches, three instances are used. Applying Sumudu HPM and Elzaki HPM yields the same approximate and exact answers in all of the examples taken into consideration, which is proved with the help of the accompanying figures. It attests to the entire acceptance and accuracy of the solutions produced by these methods. The proposed regimes also have error and convergence analyses available. The current analytical regimes offer a more effective method of handling partial differential equations than the intricate numerical systems. It is also asserted that exact and approximation solutions are compatible. Also announced is the planned regime's numerical convergence.

First Report of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei Infection in Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man) Cultured in the Republic of Korea

In the Republic of Korea, Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) was first isolated from Pacific whiteleg shrimp in April 2020; however, there are no existing reports of EHP infection in other shrimp or prawns. Here, we aimed to investigate EHP infection and its prevalence in giant freshwater prawn farms in the Republic of Korea. We tested prawns from 22 farms for EHP infection, and samples from eight farms showed positive EHP infection results in 2021. In EHP-infected prawn farms, the prevalence ranged from 4.9% to 18.2%. The prevalence of EHP infection in the Republic of Korea, derived from the prevalence in prawn farms, was estimated to be 0.8% in 2021. The proliferation of EHP was observed within the hepatopancreatic epithelial cells of prawns using H&E and Giemsa staining. Mature EHP was observed in the sinus between epithelial cells of the digestive tubules. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a clade distinct from the previously reported EHP in Pacific whiteleg shrimps. This is the first report of EHP infection in a giant freshwater prawn in the Republic of Korea, where the prevalence of EHP infection is not high, but it is recognized as an emerging disease that requires periodic monitoring and quarantine management in giant freshwater prawns.

Effects of 1.5-GHz high-power microwave exposure on the reproductive systems of male mice

High-power microwaves (HPMs) have been reported to have hazardous effects on multiple human and animal organs. However, the biological effects of 1.5-GHz HPMs on the reproductive system are not clear. Here, we studied the effects of 1.5 -GHz HPM whole-body exposure on the pathological structure of the testicles and changes in spermatozoa mobility. C57BL/6 mice of groups L, M, and H were exposed to 1.5-GHz HPM fields for two 15-min intervals at the average specific absorption rates of 3, 6, and 12 W/Kg, respectively. The pathological structure of the testicles and spermatozoa, as well as serum testosterone and sperm motility parameters, were evaluated at 6 h, 1 d, 3 d, and 7 d after exposure. As a result, there were no significant pathological or ultrastructural changes in the testicles or spermatozoa and serum testosterone levels. The number of progressively motile spermatozoa, curvilinear velocity, linear velocity, and average path velocity of the exposure group increased at 6 h, decreased at 1 d, and recovered at 3 d. The opposite results were considered a stress response to the thermal effect of the microwaves. Our results indicated that 1.5-GHz HPM whole-body exposure in mice at SARs of 3, 6, and 12 W/Kg for 30 min did not cause obvious damage to the reproductive system.

Methods of Protecting Buildings against HPM Radiation-A Review of Materials Absorbing the Energy of Electromagnetic Waves

The pulsed high power microwave (HPM) technology has been developed worldwide for over 20 years. The sources of HPM pulses are a weapon of mass destruction. They pose danger especially to computer and telecommunications equipment and systems, both the military and civilian ones. This paper presents a survey of literature on electromagnetic wave radiation absorbing and shielding materials to be used in construction. Relevant protective measures should include the shielding of buildings or their parts and the absorption of radiation by building envelopes and their elements. The main focus is on the possibilities of improving the shielding and absorptive properties of common construction materials, such as concrete, mortars and synthetic resins. The survey covers the following groups of materials: carbon-based admixtures, nickel powder, iron powders, ferrites, magnetite and polymers. The final part of the survey is devoted to hybrid foam microwave absorbers in which the shape of the material’s inner structure and that of its surface play a special role.

Viscous dissipation and joule heating effect on MHD flow and heat transfer past a stretching sheet embedded in a porous medium

An analysis is made to illustrate the MagnetoHydroDynamics (MHD) flow and gradient heat transport of a Newtonian fluid over a stretching sheet embedded in a porous matrix. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are reconstituted as ordinary differential equations utilizing suitable similarity transformation and then treated numerically using 4^th order Runge-Kutta method along with shooting technique and analytically by Homotopy Perturbation Method. The verification of present study with earlier works serves as the benchmark of reliability of the present study. The important outcomes of this study are: porous parameter (K_p) acts as aiding force i.e when K_p is increased from 0.1 to 10 gradually there is a significant growth in velocity and after that rate of increment gets slowdown, greater Eckert number and joule heating parameter cause a rise in temperature as well as enhance the thermal boundary thickness. Consequently rate of heat transfer diminishes as thickness leads to low heat transfer coefficient. The applications of this study are shown in: multiple heating devices and industrial processes such as incandescent light bulb's filament emitting light, food processing and polymer processing etc.

Influenza-related health care utilization and productivity losses during seasons with and without a match between the seasonal and vaccine virus B lineage

OBJECTIVE

To assess and compare direct medical costs (incurred by payers) and indirect productivity losses (incurred by employers) associated with influenza seasons with matched or mismatched circulating and vaccine containing influenza B lineages.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis, using two MarketScan databases, for the years 2000-2009. Each influenza season was categorized as matched or mismatched after comparing that season's circulating influenza B lineage and the vaccine influenza B lineage. Patients selected had at least one diagnosis claim for influenza (ICD-9-CM code 487.xx [influenza] or 488.1 [H1N1]) during an influenza season. We assessed the incidence of influenza (overall and influenza B), influenza-related medical utilization and associated costs, and productivity losses for each season.

RESULTS

The four matched seasons had lower average influenza incidence (overall incidence per 100,000 plan members: 509; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 505-512) than the five mismatched seasons (748; 95% CI: 745-751). The mismatched seasons had lower influenza B incidence (average incidence per 100,000 plan members: 126; 95% CI: 125-128) than the matched seasons (165; 95% CI: 163-167). The average, per-patient, total influenza-related medical costs in the mismatched seasons ($300.83; range: $245.38-$371.58) were approximately $61.00 higher than in the matched seasons ($239.43; range: $201.49-$264.01). The mismatched seasons had greater average per-patient, influenza-related productivity-loss costs than the matched seasons (mean: $237.31 vs. $175.10).

CONCLUSION

CDC data showed that influenza A was the predominant circulating strain during seasons in which the circulating influenza B lineage did not match the vaccine influenza B lineage. This resulted in lower influenza B incidence during the mismatched seasons. However, the average, per-patient, influenza-related direct medical costs and indirect productivity losses were higher during the mismatched seasons. Additional research is required to determine if these higher costs can be attributed to influenza B infections and if the influenza severity varies during mismatched seasons.