1
|
Zheng H, Wu Q, Wu X. The Dissipation Kinetics, Residue Level and Dietary Risk of Kresoxim-Methyl in Rosa roxburghii and Soil Based on the QuEChERS Method Coupled with LC-MS/MS. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2023; 111:49. [PMID: 37752322 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03771-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the dissipation, residues and dietary assessment of kresoxim-methyl in the application of Rosa Roxburghii and soil field using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results show that kresoxim-methyl in R. roxburghii samples was extracted by acetonitrile and purified by ethyl enediamine-N-propylsilane (PSA), while kresoxim-methyl in soil samples was extracted by acetonitrile and purified by octadecylsilyl solid phase dispersant (C18). 0.1% formic acid (v/v)-water-methanol solution was used as the mobile phase, LC-MS/MS exhibited a good linearity in the range of 0.001-10 mg L-1. The recoveries of R. roxburghii and soil matrix were 82.48%-102.55%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) were 1.13%-4.21%. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of kresoxim-methyl in R. roxburghii and soil samples was 0.50 and 0.60 µg kg-1, respectively. The dissipation dynamics of kresoxim-methyl in R. roxburghii and soil followed the first-order kinetics, with the half-life of 4.28 and 4.41 days, respectively. The terminal residual amount of kresoxim-methyl in R. roxburghii and soil samples was 0.003-1.764 and 0.007-2.091 mg kg-1, respectively. The dietary intake risk assessment indicates that a risk quotient (RQ) for kresoxim-methyl based on the national estimated daily intake (NEDI) of 0.1995 mg was 0.79%, suggesting that the use of kresoxim-methyl on R. roxburghii at recommended dosage was safe to consumers. This study provides the theoretical basis for guiding the rational use of kresoxim-methyl in the production of R. roxburghii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Handinghong Zheng
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Plant Protection and Plant Inspection Station of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomao Wu
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Man Y, Wu C, Yu B, Mao L, Zhu L, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Jiang H, Yuan S, Zheng Y, Liu X. Abiotic transformation of kresoxim-methyl in aquatic environments: Structure elucidation of transformation products by LC-HRMS and toxicity assessment. Water Res 2023; 233:119723. [PMID: 36801572 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, abiotic transformation of an important strobilurin fungicide, kresoxim-methyl, was investigated under controlled laboratory conditions for the first time by studying its kinetics of hydrolysis and photolysis, degradation pathways and toxicity of possibly formed transformation products (TPs). The results indicated that kresoxim-methyl showed a fast degradation in pH9 solutions with DT50 of 0.5 d but relatively stable under neutral or acidic environments in the dark. It was prone to photochemical reactions under simulated sunlight, and the photolysis behavior was easily affected by different natural substances such as humic acid (HA), Fe3+and NO3-which are ubiquitous in natural water, showing the complexity of degradation mechanisms and pathways of this chemical compound. The potential multiple photo-transformation pathways via photoisomerization, hydrolyzation of methyl ester, hydroxylation, cleavage of oxime ether and cleavage of benzyl ether were observed. 18 TPs generated from these transformations were structurally elucidated based on an integrated workflow combining suspect and nontarget screening by high resolution mass spectrum (HRMS), and two of them were confirmed with reference standards. Most of TPs, as far as we know, have never been described before. The in-silico toxicity assessment showed that some of TPs were still toxic or very toxic to aquatic organisms, although they exhibit lower aquatic toxicity compared to the parent compound. Therefore, the potential hazards of the TPs of kresoxim-methyl merits further evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Man
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chi Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bochi Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liangang Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lizhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongyun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shankui Yuan
- Environment Division, Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fang N, Zhang C, Hu H, Li Y, Wang X, Zhao X, Jiang J. Histology and metabonomics reveal the toxic effects of kresoxim-methyl on adult zebrafish. Chemosphere 2022; 309:136739. [PMID: 36223820 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that kresoxim-methyl (KM) and other strobilurin fungicides have toxic effects on aquatic organisms. However, the potential deleterious effects of kresoxim-methyl (KM) on adult zebrafish regarding the ecological risk of environmental concentration remain unclear. Here, the histology and untargeted metabonomics was used to investigate the adverse effect on female zebrafish after exposure to KM at environmental concentration, aquatic life benchmark and one-half LC50 of adult zebrafish. Results demonstrated KM affected zebrafish liver, ovary and intestine development, blurred the boundary between hepatocytes or caused hepatic vacuoles, increased the percentage of perinucleolar oocyte and cortical alveolus oocyte, decreased intestinal goblet cells and disturbed villus and wall integrity after 21 d exposure. Metabonomics showed different concentrations of KM simultaneously influenced the metabolites annotated to vitamin digestion and absorption, serotonergic synapse, retinol metabolism, ovarian steroidogenesis and arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism in zebrafish liver. Results showed the decreased triglyceride and cholesterol levels, as well as the metabolic alterations in amino acid, lipid, vitamin and retinol metabolism caused by KM, might disturb the energy supply for normal liver development and oocyte maturation. In addition, KM altered the transcription of Tdo2a, Tdo2b, Ido1, Cxcl8b, Cyp7a, Cyp11a, Cyp11b, Cyp17a, Cyp19a, Hsd3β, Hsd17β, Pla2, Ptgs2a and Ptgs2b, the level of TG, TC, MDA, IFN, IL6 and Ca2+, and the activity of CAT, SOD Ca2+-ATPase in zebrafish liver. Moreover, cytoscape analysis suggested the disturbed AA metabolism caused by KM, might interconnect multiple metabolic pathways to share implicated function in the regulation of oocyte maturation and immune response. Current study brought us closer to an incremental understanding of the toxic mechanism of KM on adult zebrafish, indicated there was crosstalk among different regulatory pathways to regulate the metabolic disorders and biologically hazardous effects induced by KM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haoze Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China; College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanjie Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinhua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li H, Hu S, Wang X, Jian X, Pang X, Li B, Bai Y, Zhu B, Zou N, Lin J, Mu W. Toxicological differences of trifloxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl on zebrafish in various levels of exposure routes, organs, cells and biochemical indicators. Chemosphere 2022; 306:135495. [PMID: 35772514 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Trifloxystrobin (TRI) and kresoxim-methyl (KRE), as quinone outside inhibitor fungicides (QoIs), have broad applications due to their effective activity against fungi. Excessive usages of agrochemicals trigger environmental risks, such as aquatic organisms (fish). Research performed in recent years has focused on the ecotoxicology of TRI and KRE in fish containing histologic morphology, enzyme activity, protein and gene expression under chronic toxicity conditions, whereas less is known about the underlying mechanisms of toxicity and differences between TRI and KRE in fish under acute toxicity conditions. In the present study, in comparison to different exposure routes [whole-body exposure (WBE), head exposure (HE), trunk exposure (TE), and Oral administration (OA)], the external substances TRI and KRE entered the fish body mainly via gill organs and led to fish toxicity. Furthermore, gill organs and gill cells were vulnerable to TRI and KRE exposure, which indicated that the gill is a vital impaired organ. The 96 h-LC50 (sublethal concentration) value of KRE was 289.8 μg L-1 (R2 = 0.9855) with an approximate 10-fold difference in TRI toxicity. The cytotoxicity exposed to TRI was higher than that in KRE at the same concentration. The potential mechanisms of toxic differences could be various toxic effects in terms of MCIII (mitochondrial complex III) activity, ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) content, MA (mitochondrial activity), ROS (reactive oxygen species) levels, and cellular respiration. Furthermore, the disorder in MCIII activity was probably the main potential mechanisms of toxic differences. To some extent, this research provides not only new insight into the underlying toxic mechanism of TRI and KRE in fish but also a basis for the guidance of agrochemicals considering aquatic risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Shuai Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Xiayao Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Xuewen Jian
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Xiuyu Pang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong, 271016, PR China
| | - Beixing Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Yang Bai
- Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Bingyu Zhu
- Rongcheng Agricultural and Rural Affairs Service Center, Rongcheng, Shandong, 264300, PR China
| | - Nan Zou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Jin Lin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Wei Mu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lin L, Xu X, Song S, Xu L, Wu X, Liu L, Kuang H, Xu C. A multiplex lateral flow immunochromatography assay for the quantitative detection of pyraclostrobin, myclobutanil, and kresoxim-methyl residues in wheat. Food Chem 2022; 377:131964. [PMID: 34999457 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We produced three monoclonal antibodies with high specificity and sensitivity, and developed a lateral flow immunochromatography assay (LFIA) for the qualitative and quantitative detection of pyraclostrobin (PYR), myclobutanil (MYC), and kresoxim-methyl (KRE) in wheat. In the qualitative analysis, the cut-off values of LFIA were 400, 200, and 800 ng/g for PYR, MYC, and KRE in wheat, respectively. Based on the results obtained from the membrane strip reader, we generated calibration curves for the quantitative analysis. PYR, MYC, and KRE monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) had half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 25.4, 17.7, and 94.6 ng/g, respectively, and limit of detection (LOD) of 2.5, 2.0, and 8.8 ng/g, respectively. The linear detection scopes were 5.6-116.5, 4.2-74.4, 23.4-383.3 ng/g for PYR, MYC, and KRE, respectively. The intra-assay recoveries ranged from 89.2% to 101.7%, and the coefficients of variation ranged from 4.6% to 6.5%. The inter-assay recoveries ranged from 88.7% to 102.7%, with the coefficients of variation ranged from 7.2% to 9.1%. Thus, our developed LFIA is suitable for the qualitative and quantitative detection of PYR, MYC, and KRE residues in wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lin
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Song
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Liguang Xu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Liu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua Kuang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mao L, Jia W, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Sial MU, Jiang H. Embryonic development and oxidative stress effects in the larvae and adult fish livers of zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to the strobilurin fungicides, kresoxim-methyl and pyraclostrobin. Sci Total Environ 2020; 729:139031. [PMID: 32387777 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two important strobilurin fungicides, kresoxim-methyl and pyraclostrobin, are widely used globally. Their effects on embryonic development and oxidative stress effects in the larvae and adult fish livers of zebrafish (Danio rerio) were assessed in our study. The hatching, mortality, and teratogenic rates were determined when the eggs of fish were exposed to kresoxim-methyl and pyraclostrobin for 24-144 h postfertilization (hpf). For further study, the effects of kresoxim-methyl and pyraclostrobin on antioxidant enzymes [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD)], detoxification enzymes [carboxylesterase (CarE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST)] and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of larval zebrafish (96 h) and male or female adult zebrafish livers (up to 28 d) were evaluated for potential toxicity mechanisms. The study of embryonic development revealed that both kresoxim-methyl and pyraclostrobin caused developmental toxicity (hatching inhibition, mortality, and teratogenic rates) increase with significant concentration- and time-dependent responses, and the 144-h median lethal values (LC50) of kresoxim-methyl and pyraclostrobin were 195.0 and 81.3 μg L-1, respectively. In the larval zebrafish study, both kresoxim-methyl and pyraclostrobin at the highest concentrations (100 μg L-1 and 15 μg L-1, respectively) significantly increased the CAT, POD and CarE activities and MDA content compared with those of the control group (P < 0.05). We further found that oxidative stress effects in adult zebrafish livers caused by long-term kresoxim-methyl and pyraclostrobin exposure differed with time and sex. Regarding the residues in natural waters, the potential adverse effects of kresoxim-methyl and pyraclostrobin would be relatively low for adult zebrafish but must not be overlooked for zebrafish embryos/larvae (hatching impairment). Our results from the detoxification enzyme study also initially indicated that adult zebrafish had a greater detoxification ability than larvae and that males had a greater detoxification ability than females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangang Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Umair Sial
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China..
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Khandelwal A, Narayanan N, Varghese E, Gupta S. Linear and Nonlinear Isotherm Models and Error Analysis for the Sorption of Kresoxim-Methyl in Agricultural Soils of India. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2020; 104:503-510. [PMID: 32064538 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Kresoxim methyl sorption in soils of five agro-climatic zones of India varied from 41.6% to 84.7%. Highest sorption was recorded in organic carbon rich Almora soil. Isotherm parameters for linear and non-linear Freundlich and Temkin models were almost same, whereas Langmuir parameter Q0, for linear (1.60 to 9.434 μg g-1) and non-linear (8.48 to 17.129 μg g-1) models were quite different. For isotherms optimization different error functions such as sum of squares error (SSE), root mean square error (RMSE), Chi square error, hybrid fractional error (HYBRID) and average relative error (ARE) were calculated. Lowest error function values were obtained for Freundlich isotherm in all the soils except inceptisol (Kolkata) for which Langmuir isotherm gave the best fit. Statistical analysis using SAS 9.3 software and Tukey's HSD test revealed the significant effect (p < 0.001) of soil type on sorption. Sorption correlated positively with the organic carbon and clay contents of the soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Khandelwal
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Neethu Narayanan
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, 682 018, India
| | - Suman Gupta
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jiang J, Lv L, Wu S, An X, Wang F, Liu X, Zhao X. Developmental toxicity of kresoxim-methyl during zebrafish (Danio rerio) larval development. Chemosphere 2019; 219:517-525. [PMID: 30553212 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Kresoxim-methyl (KM) is a broad spectrum strobilurin fungicide that has been used widely on crops around the world. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the toxic effects of KM using various sublethal endpoints during zebrafish (Danio rerio) larval development. Results showed that the LC50 values of KM to zebrafish at multiple life stages (embryo, larvae, juvenile and adult) were 0.340, 0.224, 0.328 and 0.436 mg/L, respectively. The transcription patterns of 45 genes involved in hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid/gonadal (HPT/HPG) axis, oxidative stress and apoptosis revealed KM could affect zebrafish larval development at multiple pathways. The activities of aromatase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), caspase 3 (Cas3) and caspase 9 (Cas9), and the levels of estradiol (E2), vitellogenin (VTG), thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ATP after embryos exposed to KM for 3 d, 6 d and 10 d were correlated well with the transcription of the corresponding molecules involved in these pathways. In addition to providing the first description of the toxic effects induced by KM during larval development, the results of present study also provided the potential mechanisms of KM on multi-level biomarker responses in larval zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Jiang
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Lv
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shenggan Wu
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuehua An
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feidi Wang
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinju Liu
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueping Zhao
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee J, Kim E, Shin Y, Lee J, Lee J, Moon JK, Choi H, Maasfeld W, Kim JH. Whole body dosimetry and risk assessment of agricultural operator exposure to the fungicide kresoxim-methyl in apple orchards. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 155:94-100. [PMID: 29510314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examined dermal and inhalation exposure of agricultural operators to kresoxim-methyl during pesticide mixing/loading and speed sprayer application (10 replicates, each of 3000 L of spray suspension) in an apple orchard and performed risk assessment. For the whole body dosimetry (WBD) exposure protocol, outer clothing, inner clothing, gauze, and nitrile gloves were examined to measure dermal exposure. In contrast, an IOM (institute of occupational medicine) sampler with a glass fiber filter was used to measure inhalation exposure. Analytical method accuracy in the exposure matrices was evaluated by a field recovery study. The dermal and inhalation exposure amounts for mixing/loading were 9.7 mg [0.002% of the total mixed/loaded active ingredient (a.i.)] and 1.2 µg (1.7 × 10-6% of the total mixed/loaded a.i.), respectively. The body parts more exposed were the forearms (35.5%), chest & stomach (30.2%), and hands (17.9%). During application, the dermal and inhalation exposure amounts were 66.5 mg (0.009% of the total applied a.i) and 34.8 µg (4.6 × 10-5% of the total applied a.i.), respectively. The shins (18.5%) and chest & stomach (16.0%) were exposed to higher proportion of pesticide, followed by the thighs (15.8%) and back (14.7%). Comparing the exposure pattern as assessed by the WBD method in the present study with the patch method as in our previous study, the ADE (actual dermal exposure) as measured by the WBD method was 25 times less than that measured by the patch method. The daily exposure amounts of ADE and AIE (actual inhalation exposure) for mixing/loading were 711.8 µg/day and 4.3 µg/day, respectively, whereas the amounts of ADE and AIE for application were 1825.8 µg/day and 116.1 µg/day. In risk assessment of the mixing/loading and application scenarios, the AOEL (acceptable operator exposure level) of kresoxim-methyl was used as the reference dose to show that the RI (risk index) was much lower than 1, indicating that agricultural operators are at low risk of exposure to kresoxim-methyl.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiho Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongho Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghak Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwa Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Kwan Moon
- Department of Plant Life and Environmental Sciences, Hankyong National University, Ansung Gyeonggi 456-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Choi
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jeong-Han Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fang H, Han L, Zhang H, Deng Y, Ge Q, Mei J, Long Z, Yu Y. Repeated treatments of ciprofloxacin and kresoxim-methyl alter their dissipation rates, biological function and increase antibiotic resistance in manured soil. Sci Total Environ 2018; 628-629:661-671. [PMID: 29454207 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The dissipation of ciprofloxacin (CIP, 1.0 and 10.0mg/kg) and kresoxim-methyl (KM, 1.0 and 2.0mg/kg) in manure-amended soil, the variations in soil enzyme activities and microbial functional diversities, and CIP-induced bacterial community tolerances were studied using a chromatographic analysis, enzyme colorimetric and titration analyses, and the BIOLOG EcoPlate method. Three successive treatments of individual and combined samples of CIP and KM at low and high concentrations were performed at 60d intervals. The dissipation half-life of CIP increased, but that of KM decreased in manured soil with treatment frequency; furthermore, the combined treatment altered the dissipation rates of CIP and KM. A stronger inhibitory effect on the activities of soil neutral phosphatase and urease was observed in the individual KM treatment than in the individual CIP treatment. A similar inhibitory trend was also found in soil neutral phosphatase activity in the combined treatment at high concentration compared to that at low concentration, but the activity of soil catalase was enhanced in the early stages of the KM or CIP treatments. Meanwhile, the inhibitory trend on the overall activity and functional diversity of soil microorganisms was observed in the individual KM or CIP treatment, and the combined treatment exerted a greater suppression effect than that in the individual treatment. Bacterial community resistance to CIP increased significantly with increasing treatment frequency and concentration, and furthermore antibiotic resistance developed faster in the combined treatment than in the individual treatment. It was concluded that the repeated treatments of CIP and KM could alter their dissipation rates and soil enzyme activities, suppress microbial functional diversity, and increase bacterial community resistance to CIP in manured soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Fang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lingxi Han
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Houpu Zhang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanfei Deng
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiqing Ge
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiajia Mei
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhengnan Long
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yunlong Yu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen X, Fan X, Ma Y, Hu J. Dissipation behaviour, residue distribution and dietary risk assessment of tetraconazole and kresoxim-methyl in greenhouse strawberry via RRLC-QqQ-MS/MS technique. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 148:799-804. [PMID: 29195223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
20% commercial suspension emulsion (SE) of (8% tetraconazole + 12% kresoxim-methyl), as a pre-registered product in China, was firstly investigated under Chinese greenhouse-field conditions. A MWCNTs-based QuEChERS method for simultaneous determination of tetraconazole and kresoxim-methyl in strawberry was developed and validated via RRLC-QqQ-MS/MS. On basis of this method, the dissipation behaviours, residue distributions and dietary risk probability of these fungicides in strawberry were further investigated for food safety. The dissipations of tetraconazole and kresoxim-methyl followed first-order kinetics with the half-lives of 8.0-18.2 days. The highest residues (HRs) of these fungicides in the supervised trials at the pre-harvest interval (PHI, 3 days) were below 0.8970mgkg-1. The total national estimated daily intake (NEDI) of tetraconazole and kresoxim-methy in strawberry at the PHI 3day was 0.2784mg and 0.4031mg, respectively, based on Chinese dietary pattern and terminal residue distributions under good agricultural practices (GAP) conditions. The risk quotients (RQs) of tetraconazole and kresoxim-methy at PHI 3 days were below 82.7% and 1.6%, respectively, showing that the evaluated strawberry exhibited an acceptably low dietary risk to consumers. The current study could not only guide reasonable usage of the formulation, but also facilitate the setting of maximum residue limits (MRLs) of tetraconazole in strawberry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Xueqi Fan
- College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Yecheng Ma
- College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Jiye Hu
- College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cui F, Chai T, Liu X, Wang C. Toxicity of three strobilurins ( kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin) on Daphnia magna. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017; 36:182-189. [PMID: 27283376 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Strobilurins constitute a new class of fungicides that is the most widely used in the world. The present study was conducted to investigate the aquatic toxicity of 3 common strobilurin fungicides (kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin) to Daphnia magna. The neonate acute immobilization test showed that the 48-h 50% effective concentration (EC50) values of kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin were 443.3 µg/L, 20.9 µg/L, and 23.0 µg/L, respectively. In addition, the 3 strobilurins significantly induced activity of the important detoxification enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) in D. magna, and there was a significant positive relationship between GST activity and immobility of D. magna after acute exposure. The 3 strobilurins showed higher toxicity to D. magna embryos, and the 48-h EC50 were 157.3 µg/L, 3.9 µg/L, and 1.7 µg/L for kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin, respectively. The 21-d chronic test revealed that the strobilurins could also significantly affect the reproduction, development, and growth of D. magna at sublethal concentrations. The lowest-observed-effect concentrations of kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin for reproduction were 20 µg/L, 0.15 µg/L, and 0.2 µg/L, respectively, which were close to environmental concentrations. The findings indicate that strobilurin fungicides are very toxic to D. magna and they are sufficient to cause harm to D. magna at environmentally relevant concentrations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:182-189. © 2016 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cui
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Chai
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Liu
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang H, Wang J, Chen Q, Wang M, Hsiang T, Shang S, Yu Z. Metabolic effects of azoxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl against Fusarium kyushuense examined using the Biolog FF MicroPlate. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2016; 130:52-58. [PMID: 27155484 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Azoxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl are strobilurin fungicides, and are effective in controlling many plant diseases, including Fusarium wilt. The mode of action of this kind of chemical is inhibition of respiration. This research investigated the sensitivities of Fusarium kyushuense to azoxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl, and to the alternative oxidase inhibitor salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM). The Biolog FF MicroPlate is designed to examine substrate utilization and metabolic profiling of micro-organisms, and was used here to study the activity of azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl and SHAM against F. kyushuense. Results presented that azoxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl strongly inhibited conidial germination and mycelial growth of F. kyushuense, with EC50 values of 1.60 and 1.79μgml(-1), and 6.25 and 11.43μgml(-1), respectively; while not for SHAM. In the absence of fungicide, F. kyushuense was able to metabolize 91.6% of the tested carbon substrates, including 69 effectively and 18 moderately. SHAM did not inhibit carbon substrate utilization. Under the selective pressure of azoxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl during mycelial growth (up to 100μgml(-1)) and conidial germination (up to 10μgml(-1)), F. kyushuense was unable to metabolize many substrates in the Biolog FF MicroPlate; while especially for carbon substrates in glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle, with notable exceptions such as β-hydroxybutyric acid, y-hydroxybutyric acid, α-ketoglutaric acid, α-d-glucose-1-phosphate, d-saccharic acid and succinic acid in the mycelial growth stage, and β-hydroxybutyric acid, y-hydroxybutyric acid, α-ketoglutaric acid, tween-80, arbutin, dextrin, glycerol and glycogen in the conidial germination stage. This is a new finding for some effect of azoxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl on carbon substrate utilization related to glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle and other carbons, and may lead to future applications of Biolog FF MicroPlate for metabolic effects of other fungicides and other fungi, as well as providing a carbon metabolic fingerprint of F. kyushuense that could be useful for identification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hancheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Sciences, Guiyang 550081, PR China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, PR China
| | - Qingyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Sciences, Guiyang 550081, PR China
| | - Maosheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Sciences, Guiyang 550081, PR China
| | - Tom Hsiang
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Shenghua Shang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Sciences, Guiyang 550081, PR China
| | - Zhihe Yu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Khandelwal A, Gupta S, Gajbhiye VT, Varghese E. Degradation of Kresoxim-Methyl in Water: Impact of Varying pH, Temperature, Light and Atmospheric CO2 Level. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2016; 96:130-136. [PMID: 26261047 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-015-1627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present investigation, persistence of kresoxim-methyl (a broad spectrum strobilurin fungicide) was studied in water. Results revealed that kresoxim-methyl readily form acid metabolite. Therefore, residues of kresoxim-methyl were quantified on the basis of parent molecule alone and sum total of kresoxim-methyl and its acid metabolite. In water, influence of various abiotic factors like pH, temperature, light and atmospheric carbon dioxide level on dissipation of kresoxim-methyl was studied. The half life value for kresoxim-methyl and total residue varied from 1 to 26.1 and 6.1 to 94.0 days under different conditions. Statistical analysis revealed the significant effect of abiotic factors on the dissipation of kresoxim-methyl from water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Khandelwal
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
- Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, 813210, India.
| | - Suman Gupta
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Vijay T Gajbhiye
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Eldho Varghese
- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Khandelwal A, Gupta S, Gajbhiye VT, Varghese E. Degradation of kresoxim-methyl in soil: impact of varying moisture, organic matter, soil sterilization, soil type, light and atmospheric CO2 level. Chemosphere 2014; 111:209-217. [PMID: 24997920 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present investigation, persistence of kresoxim-methyl (a broad spectrum strobilurin fungicide) was studied in two different soil types of India namely Inceptisol and Ultisol. Results revealed that kresoxim-methyl readily form acid metabolite in soil. Therefore, residues of kresoxim-methyl were quantified on the basis of parent molecule alone and sum total of kresoxim-methyl and its acid metabolite. Among the two soil types, kresoxim-methyl and total residues dissipated at a faster rate in Inceptisol (T1/2 0.9 and 33.8d) than in Ultisol (T1/2 1.5 and 43.6d). Faster dissipation of kresoxim-methyl and total residues was observed in submerged soil conditions (T1/2 0.5 and 5.2d) followed by field capacity (T1/2 0.9 and 33.8d) and air dry (T1/2 2.3 and 51.0d) conditions. Residues also dissipated faster in 5% sludge amended soil (T1/2 0.7 and 21.1d) and on Xenon-light exposure (T1/2 0.5 and 8.0d). Total residues of kresoxim-methyl dissipated at a faster rate under elevated CO2 condition (∼550μLL(-)(1)) than ambient condition (∼385μLL(-)(1)). The study suggests that kresoxim-methyl alone has low persistence in soil. Because of the slow dissipation of acid metabolite, the total residues (kresoxim-methyl+acid metabolite) persist for a longer period in soil. Statistical analysis using SAS 9.3 software and Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) revealed the significant effect of moisture regime, organic matter, microbial population, soil type, light exposure and atmospheric CO2 level on the dissipation of kresoxim-methyl from soil (at 95% confidence level p<0.0001).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Khandelwal
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Suman Gupta
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Vijay T Gajbhiye
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Eldho Varghese
- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rahman MM, Jang J, Park JH, Abd El-Aty AM, Ko AY, Choi JH, Yang A, Park KH, Shim JH. Determination of kresoxim-methyl and its thermolabile metabolites in pear utilizing pepper leaf matrix as a protectant using gas chromatography. J Adv Res 2013; 5:329-35. [PMID: 25685500 PMCID: PMC4294735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Kresoxim-methyl and its two thermolabile metabolites, BF 490-2 and BF 490-9, were analyzed in pear using a pepper leaf matrix protection to maintain the metabolites inside the gas chromatography system. Samples were extracted with a mixture of ethyl acetate and n-hexane (1:1, v/v) and purified and/or separated using a solid phase extraction procedure. The pepper leaf matrix was added and optimized with cleaned pear extract to enhance metabolite sensitivity. Matrix matched calibration was used for kresoxim-methyl in the pear matrix and for metabolites in the pear mixed with pepper leaf matrix. Good linearity was obtained for all analytes with a coefficient of determination, r2 ⩾ 0.992. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.006 and 0.02 mg kg−1 and 0.02 and 0.065 mg kg−1 for kresoxim-methyl and the metabolites, respectively. Recoveries were carried out at two concentration levels and were 85.6–97.9% with a relative standard deviation <2.5%. The method was successfully applied to field incurred pear samples, and only kresoxim-methyl was detected at a concentration of 0.03 mg kg−1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Musfiqur Rahman
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Jang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyouk Park
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt
| | - Ah-Young Ko
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Heui Choi
- Institute of Environmental Research, Faculty of Chemistry, Dortmund University of Technology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Angel Yang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hun Park
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Han Shim
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|