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Rane P, Thakre M, Verma MK, Kumar C, Prakash J, Srivastava V, P R S, Murukan N, Chawla G, Mandal PK, Kumar H, Jadhav AK, Varghese E, Patel VB, Singh SK. Studies on pollen micro-morphology, pollen storage methods, and cross-compatibility among grape ( Vitis spp.) genotypes. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1353808. [PMID: 38463567 PMCID: PMC10922203 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1353808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The knowledge of pollen morphology, suitable storage condition, and species compatibility is vital for a successful grapevine improvement programme. Ten grape genotypes from three different species, viz., Vitis vinifera L., Vitis parviflora Roxb., and Vitis champini Planc., were studied for their pollen structure and pollen storage with the objective of determining their utilization in grape rootstock improvement programs. Pollen morphology was examined through the use of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The viability of the pollen was assessed using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). In vitro pollen germination was investigated using the semi-solid medium with 10 % sucrose, 100 mg/L boric acid, and 300 mg/L calcium nitrate. The results revealed variations in pollen micro-morphology in 10 genotypes, with distinct pollen dimensions, shapes, and exine ornamentation. However, species-wise, no clear difference was found for these parameters. Pollen of V. parviflora Roxb. and Dogridge was acolporated and did not germinate. The remaining eight genotypes exhibited tricolporated pollen and showed satisfactory in vitro pollen germination. Storage temperature and duration interactions showed that, at room temperature, pollen of most of the grape genotypes can be stored for up to 1 day only with an acceptable pollen germination rate (>30 %). However, storage for up to 7 days was successfully achieved at 4 °C, except for 'Pearl of Csaba'. The most effective storage conditions were found to be at -20 °C and -196 °C (in liquid N2), enabling pollen storage for a period of up to 30 days, and can be used for pollination to overcome the challenge of asynchronous flowering. Four interspecific combinations were studied for their compatibility, among which V. parviflora Roxb. × V. vinifera L. (Pusa Navrang) and V. parviflora Roxb. × V. champini Planc. (Salt Creek) showed high cross-compatibility, offering their potential use for grape rootstock breeding. However, V. parviflora Roxb. × V. vinifera L. (Male Hybrid) recorded the lowest compatibility index among studied crosses. In the case of self-pollinated flowers from V. parviflora Roxb. and V. parviflora Roxb. × V. champini Planc. (Dogridge), pollen failed to germinate on the stigma due to male sterility caused by acolporated pollen. As a result, the flowers of these genotypes functioned as females, which means they are ideal female parents for grape breeding without the need for the tedious process of emasculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhanjan Rane
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Madhubala Thakre
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Chavlesh Kumar
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Jai Prakash
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Vartika Srivastava
- Division of Germplasm Conservation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashank P R
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Niranjana Murukan
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Gautam Chawla
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Harshit Kumar
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Amol K Jadhav
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- Fishery Resources Assessment, Economics & Extension Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, India
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Anand V, Ksh V, Kar A, Varghese E, Vasudev S, Kaur C. Encapsulation efficiency and fatty acid analysis of chia seed oil microencapsulated by freeze-drying using combinations of wall material. Food Chem 2024; 430:136960. [PMID: 37531916 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Chia seed oil (CSO) was encapsulated using whey protein concentrate (WPC) and modified tapioca starch (MTS) through freeze-drying. A central composite design was used to evaluate the effect of independent variables (MTS:WPC ratio, homogenization pressure, and oil content). Encapsulation efficiency (EE) and α-linolenic acid content (ALA) were evaluated for all runs. The results showed that higher MTS ratios led to maximum ALA retention, while higher WPC ratios led to maximum EE. The optimized conditions resulted in high EE (97 %), ALA content (59.54 %), and a Ω-3:Ω-6 ratio (3.34). The fatty acid composition, oxidative and thermal stability showed that the MTS:WPC ratio of 25:75 was the best combination for encapsulating CSO. The encapsulated CSO with a balanced Ω-3:Ω-6 ratio can be used as a functional ingredient in foods for health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Anand
- Division of Food Science & Post Harvest Technology, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Vikono Ksh
- Division of Food Science & Post Harvest Technology, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Abhijit Kar
- ICAR - National Institute of Secondary Agriculture, Namkum, Ranchi 834010, India.
| | - Eldho Varghese
- Fishery Resources Assessment Division (FRAD), ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi 682018, India
| | - Sujata Vasudev
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Charanjit Kaur
- Division of Food Science & Post Harvest Technology, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 110012, India.
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Khandelwal A, Sugavanam R, Ramakrishnan B, Dutta A, Varghese E, Banerjee T, Nain L, Singh SB, Singh N. Bio-polysaccharide composites mediated degradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in a sandy soil using free and immobilized consortium of Kocuria rosea and Aspergillus sydowii. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:80005-80020. [PMID: 35220535 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19252-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Based on our previous study in minimal medium, Kocuria rosea and Aspergillus sydowii were identified as the best microbes for degradation of mixture of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The present study reports PAH degradation potential of these microbes in free and immobilized form. PAHs were extracted using QuEChERS-mediated process followed by quantification by high performance liquid chromatography. The microbial consortium of Kocuria rosea + Aspergillus sydowii was formulated in three bio-formulations, namely (i) bentonite-alginate composite beads; (ii) water dispersible granule composite using guar gum-nanobentonite; and (iii) composites of carboxymethyl cellulose-bentonite and were applied in PAH fortified (100 µg g-1) sandy loam soil. Results suggested that degradation data fitted well to first order kinetics as in most of the cases, the values of correlation coefficient (r) were > 0.95. The half-life (t1/2) values for PAHs in the uninoculated control soil were: naphthalene (10.43 d), fluorene (22.43 d), phenanthrene (24.64 d), anthracene (38.47 d), and pyrene (34.34 d). Inoculation of soil with free culture microbial consortium (without or with nutrient) and bio-formulation of degrading cultures enhanced degradation of all PAHs and half-life values were significantly reduced for each PAH: naphthalene (1.76-2.00 d), fluorene (2.52-6.65 d), phenanthrene (4.61-6.37 d), anthracene (9.01-12.22 d), and pyrene (10.98-15.55 d). Among different bio-formulations, guar gum-nanobentonite-based composite exhibited better efficacy for degradation of naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, and pyrene. The addition of microbial consortium in PAH fortified soil increased 16S rRNA gene copies of Alphaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, compared to the uninoculated, PAH-fortified control. The microbial functional gene assays showed that the gene copies of amoA, nirK, nirS, and anammox increased, suggesting nitrogen regulation in the PAH-fortified soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Khandelwal
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
- Division of Environment Science, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Ramya Sugavanam
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | | | - Anirban Dutta
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- Fishery Resources Assessment Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, 682 018, Kerala, India
| | - Tirthankar Banerjee
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Lata Nain
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Neera Singh
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
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Beegum P P S, Pandiselvam R, S V R, P S, Nooh A, S N, Gupta A, Varghese E, Balasubramanian D, Apshara ES, Manikantan MR, Hebbar KB. Sensorial, textural, and nutritional attributes of coconut sugar and cocoa solids based "bean-to-bar" dark chocolate. J Texture Stud 2022; 53:870-882. [PMID: 35583967 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The impacts of cocoa solids and coconut sugar on the sensory perception of bean-to-bar dark chocolate were investigated with mixture design using response surface methodology. The maximum and minimum levels of cocoa nib, cocoa butter, and coconut sugar for the preparation of chocolate were 35-50%, 15-30%, and 20-35%, respectively. A suitable mathematical model was used to evaluate each response. Maximum and minimum levels of components caused a poor sensory acceptance of the resultant dark chocolate. The optimum level of independent variables, for the best set of responses, was 44.7% cocoa nib, 25.2% cocoa butter, and 30.2% coconut sugar, with a hedonic score of 8.28 for appearance, 8.64 for mouth feel, 8.71 for texture, 8.68 for taste, and 8.51 for overall acceptability, at a desirability of 0.86. The minimum time for grinding the chocolate mix was 24 hour, which was evident from the microscopic analysis of the chocolate mix. The optimized chocolate (70% dark) per 100 g constitutes 1.06 g moisture, 50.09 g crude fat, 10.37 g crude protein, 35.90 g carbohydrates, and 2.55 g ash content. The L, a, b values indicated a darker color and was stable under ambient condition with a hardness value of 59.52 N, which significantly decreased to 16.23 N within 10 min at ambient temperature (30 ± 2°C). The addition of coconut sugar along with cocoa solids incorporates polyphenols, flavonoids, antioxidant potential, and minerals into bean-to-bar dark chocolate and hence offers a commercial value and health potential for stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shameena Beegum P P
- Physiology, Biochemistry & Post Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Ravi Pandiselvam
- Physiology, Biochemistry & Post Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Ramesh S V
- Physiology, Biochemistry & Post Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Sugatha P
- Physiology, Biochemistry & Post Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Arifa Nooh
- Physiology, Biochemistry & Post Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Neenu S
- Crop Production, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Alka Gupta
- Crop Production, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- Fishery Resources Assessment, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - D Balasubramanian
- Post Harvest Technology & Farm Machinery & Power, ICAR- Directorate of Cashew Research, Puttur, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Kukkehalli Balachandra Hebbar
- Physiology, Biochemistry & Post Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
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Basavaraja T, Joshi A, Sethi S, Kaur C, Tomar BS, Varghese E, Dahuja A. Stability enhancement of beetroot betalains through copigmentation. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:5561-5567. [PMID: 35426150 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Like other natural pigments, betalains have a stability problem. Copigmentation can be explored to address this issue. In this study, black carrot anthocyanins were used for the first time as copigment with betalains so that copigmented betalains with enhanced stability could be developed to withstand deteriorative processing and storage conditions. RESULTS Increase in hyperchromic and bathochromic shift with subsequent increase in black carrot anthocyanin extract (0.250 g L-1 ) addition from 0.2 to 1.0 mL L-1 was observed in native betalain pigments from 0.28 to 1.90 and 538 nm to 564 nm, respectively. For maximum recorded bathochromic shift, 0.8 mL L-1 addition of copigment was optimized. Copigmented betalain pigment showed better stability in comparison with native pigment, when exposed to light, temperature more than 60 °C and ≥1.0 g L-1 NaCl. At constant incubation time (3 h), copigmented betalains degraded up to 20.79-41.43% whereas the non-copigmented counterpart degraded up to 83.49-86.86% at 60, 75 and 90 °C, respectively. Lower rate constant (k) and enhanced activation energy (Ea ) showed higher thermostability of copigmented betalains. With constant light exposure, the half-life value of betalains was 145.2 h, which increased approximately twofold (274.08 h) after copigmentation. The t1/2 of betalain pigment at 10%, 15% and 18% salt addition was 81.12, 75.36 and 83.52 h, which increased to 186.96, 226.56 and 152.88 h after copigmentation. CONCLUSION These findings support that black carrot anthocyanin is a potential and compatible copigment for water-soluble betalain pigment that enhances stability of betalains under extreme processing conditions. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thippeswamy Basavaraja
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Alka Joshi
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shruti Sethi
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Charanjit Kaur
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhoopal Singh Tomar
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- Fishery Resources Assessment Division, ICAR - Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, India
| | - Anil Dahuja
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Jaggi S, Sarkar KA, Bhowmik A, Varghese E, Varghese C, Datta A. Trend resistant balanced bipartite block designs. STAT METHOD APPL-GER 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10260-022-00652-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Basavaraja T, Joshi A, Sethi S, Arora B, Tomar BS, Varghese E, Yadav A. Extraction procedure of betalains pigments from hardy beetroot matrix and its stabilization. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thippeswamy Basavaraja
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology ICAR‐Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi India
| | - Alka Joshi
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology ICAR‐Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi India
| | - Shruti Sethi
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology ICAR‐Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi India
| | - Bindvi Arora
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology ICAR‐Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi India
| | - Bhoopal Singh Tomar
- Division of Vegetable Sciences ICAR‐Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- Fishery Resources Assessment Division ICAR‐Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Kochi India
| | - Ajay Yadav
- Division of Agro Produce Processing ICAR‐Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering Bhopal India
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Kumar M, Dahuja A, Sachdev A, Tomar M, Lorenzo JM, Dhumal S, Radha, Chandran D, Varghese E, Saha S, Sairam K, Singh S, Senapathy M, Amarowicz R, Kaur C, Kennedy JF, Mekhemar M. Optimization of the use of cellulolytic enzyme preparation for the extraction of health promoting anthocyanins from black carrot using response surface methodology. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Ebeneezar S, Vijayagopal P, Srivastava P, Gupta S, Sukumaran S, Sebastian W, Varghese T, Prabu DL, Varghese E, Tejpal C, Sayooj P, Nazar A. Optimum dietary levels of lysine and methionine reduces the crude protein requirement and improves growth in Snubnose pompano (Trachinotus blochii). Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Prabu DL, Vijayagopal P, Ebeneezar S, Kalidas C, Rameshkumar P, Varghese E, Muniswaran BR. Enzymological, histological, and serum biomarker responses of snubnose pompano on complete replacement of fishmeal using cottonseed meal supplemented with lysine and methionine in the diet. Fish Physiol Biochem 2022; 48:785-804. [PMID: 35553294 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In a feeding experiment, cottonseed meal (CSM) was used to replace fishmeal (FM) in the diet of snubnose pompano, Trachinotus blochii, supplemented with lysine and methionine to assess the growth, nutritive profile, hematological, histological, and stress biomarker response. Experimental fishes were randomly stocked in five treatments each with triplicates. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets with graded level of CSM (0, 8.7, 17.4, 26.0, and 34.7%) as replacement for FM protein (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) were formulated and fed to respective treatments. Comparison between various parameters among the treatments was made using orthogonal polynomial contrasts to indicate the statistical significance. Higher alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, aspartate, and alanine aminotransferase activities were observed in 0CSM group and followed by 100CSM group as higher inclusion level of CSM with higher free gossypol content did not affect the metabolic enzyme activities. The maximum muscular free gossypol accretion of 1.28 mg kg-1 (on wet basis) was recorded in 100CSM group which was very well below the critical limit set by FDA. As a conclusion, fishmeal can be completely replaced using cottonseed meal in the diet of pompano without adverse effect on growth, metabolism, and general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanasekaran Linga Prabu
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, Ernakulam North (PO), Kochi, 682018, India.
| | - Pananghat Vijayagopal
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, Ernakulam North (PO), Kochi, 682018, India
| | - Sanal Ebeneezar
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, Ernakulam North (PO), Kochi, 682018, India
| | - Chellappa Kalidas
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, Ernakulam North (PO), Kochi, 682018, India
| | - Palsamy Rameshkumar
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, Ernakulam North (PO), Kochi, 682018, India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, Ernakulam North (PO), Kochi, 682018, India
| | - Bose Ramar Muniswaran
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, Ernakulam North (PO), Kochi, 682018, India
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Saini MK, Capalash N, Varghese E, Kaur C, Singh SP. A Targeted Metabolomics Approach to Study Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activity in 'Kinnow Mandarin' during Advanced Fruit Maturity. Foods 2022; 11:1410. [PMID: 35626980 PMCID: PMC9141733 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the impact of harvest maturity stages and contrasting growing climates on secondary metabolites in Kinnow mandarin. Fruit samples were harvested at six harvest maturity stages (M1−M6) from two distinct growing locations falling under subtropical−arid (STA) and subtropical−humid (STH) climates. A high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) technique was employed to identify and quantify secondary metabolites in the fruit juice. A total of 31 polyphenolics and 4 limonoids, with significant differences (p < 0.05) in their concentration, were determined. With advancing maturity, phenolic acids and antioxidant activity were found to increase, whereas flavonoids and limonoids decreased in concentration. There was a transient increase in the concentration of some polyphenolics such as hesperidin, naringin, narirutin, naringenin, neoeriocitrin, rutin, nobiletin and tangeretin, and limonoid aglycones such as limonin and nomilin at mid-maturity stage (M3) which coincided with prevailing low temperature and frost events at growing locations. A higher concentration of limonin and polyphenolics was observed for fruit grown under STH climates in comparison to those grown under STA climates. The data indicate that fruit metabolism during advanced stages of maturation under distinct climatic conditions is fundamental to the flavor, nutrition and processing quality of Kinnow mandarin. This information can help in understanding the optimum maturity stage and preferable climate to source fruits with maximum functional compounds, less bitterness and high consumer acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Kaur Saini
- Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali 160071, India;
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India;
| | - Neena Capalash
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India;
| | - Eldho Varghese
- Fishery Resources Assessment Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi 682018, India;
| | - Charanjit Kaur
- Division of Food Science and Post–Harvest Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Sukhvinder Pal Singh
- Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali 160071, India;
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia
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M. H, Varghese E, Shekhar S, C. K. A, Ebeneezar S, Gills R, Jaggi S. Robustness of sequential third-order response surface design to missing observations. Journal of Taibah University for Science 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2022.2046398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hemavathi M.
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
- Fishery Resources Assessment Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala
| | - Eldho Varghese
- Fishery Resources Assessment Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala
- Earlier at Division of Design of Experiments, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashi Shekhar
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Athulya C. K.
- Fishery Resources Assessment Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala
| | - Sanal Ebeneezar
- Fishery Resources Assessment Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala
| | - Reshma Gills
- Fishery Resources Assessment Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala
| | - Seema Jaggi
- Earlier at Division of Design of Experiments, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Education Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
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M. H, Varghese E, Shekhar S, Jaggi S, Bhowmik A, Sathianandan TV. Run order consideration for sequential third order rotatable designs. COMMUN STAT-SIMUL C 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03610918.2022.2039706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hemavathi M.
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala, India
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashi Shekhar
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Jaggi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Education Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Arpan Bhowmik
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Stephan F, Sharun K, Varghese E, Hamza P, George AJ. Vulvar and vestibulovaginal hemangiosarcoma in a cow: morphological and histopathological observations. Iran J Vet Res 2022; 23:375-379. [PMID: 36874182 PMCID: PMC9984136 DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2022.43412.6343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Hemangiosarcoma is defined as the malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of endothelial cells. It is a common tumor affecting dogs and is very rare in cattle. Case description A seven-year-old three months pregnant female Holstein Friesian cross-breed cow was presented with a history of a proliferating irregular dark red friable mass in the vulvar region for the past month. Findings/treatment and outcome The surface of the mass had diffuse ecchymotic hemorrhages. Histopathological examination of the tissue biopsy specimen revealed unencapsulated, infiltrating neoplasm composed of numerous vascular channels with irregular borders surrounded by endothelial cells of variable sizes and shapes supported by a scanty fibrovascular stroma. Based on morphological and histopathological findings, the case was diagnosed as vulvar and vestibulovaginal hemangiosarcoma. The animal was culled due to the poor prognosis. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of vulvar and vestibulovaginal hemangiosarcoma in a cow.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Stephan
- MVSc Student in Livestock Production and Management, Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.,These authors contributed equally to this work and were considered as the first authors
| | - K Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.,These authors contributed equally to this work and were considered as the first authors
| | - E Varghese
- MVSc Student in Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - P Hamza
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - A J George
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, India
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Kumar P, Sethi S, Varghese E. Impact of carboxymethyl cellulose coating functionalized with browning inhibitors for maintaining quality attributes of fresh‐cut pineapple cubes. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pushpendra Kumar
- Department of Post Harvest Management, College of Horticulture and Forestry Central Agricultural University (I) Pasighat India
| | - Shruti Sethi
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology ICAR‐Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- Fishery Resources Assessment Division (FRAD) ICAR‐Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Kochi India
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Prajapati U, Asrey R, Varghese E, Sharma RR. Effects of calcium lactate on postharvest quality of bitter gourd fruit during cold storage. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2021; 27:1811-1821. [PMID: 34539118 PMCID: PMC8405796 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01045-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to assess the effects of calcium lactate (CL) on quality, shelf-life and storage physiology of bitter gourd. Fruits were dipped in the aqueous solution of CL (50, 75, and 100 mM) and stored at 10 °C and 85-95% relative humidity (RH). The changes in physical, biochemical and enzymological parameters were recorded at five days interval. The results showed that in CL@100 mM treated fruit, physiological loss in weight (PLW) and decay incidence were minimized. Conversely, their firmness, total phenolics, antioxidants and total chlorophyll retained at higher side. The CL @ 75 mM was able to retain higher ascorbic acid up to 20 days while CL@100 mM was effective in controlling pectin methylesterase (PME) activity and increasing the inhibitory activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Therefore, our observations suggested that by applying CL@100 mM, 5 days extra (20 days) shelf-life of bitter gourd fruit can be achieved with notable retention of biochemical compounds over untreated fruit (15 days with poor retention of important nutrients).
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Prajapati
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Ram Asrey
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- Fishery Resources Assessment Division (FRAD), ICAR-CMFRI, Kochi, 682 018 India
| | - R. R. Sharma
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
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17
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Bhowmik A, Gupta RK, Jaggi S, Varghese E, Harun M, Varghese C, Datta A. On the construction of trend resistant PBIB designs. COMMUN STAT-SIMUL C 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/03610918.2021.1951763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Bhowmik
- Design of Experiments, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Gupta
- Design of Experiments, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Jaggi
- Design of Experiments, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- Fishery Resources Assessment Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, India
| | - Mohd. Harun
- Design of Experiments, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Cini Varghese
- Design of Experiments, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anindita Datta
- Design of Experiments, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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18
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Hemavathi M, Shekhar S, Varghese E, Jaggi S, Sinha B, Mandal NK. Theoretical developments in response surface designs: an informative review and further thoughts. COMMUN STAT-THEOR M 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/03610926.2021.1944213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Hemavathi
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- Fishery Resources Assessment Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, India
| | - Shashi Shekhar
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- Fishery Resources Assessment Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, India
- Division of Design of Experiments, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Jaggi
- Division of Design of Experiments, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Bikas Sinha
- Retired Professor, Indian Statistical Institute, B.T. Road, Kolkata, India
| | - Nripes Kumar Mandal
- Retired Professor, Department of Statistics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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19
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Madhav JV, Sethi S, Sharma RR, Nagaraja A, Arora A, Varghese E. Influence of bilayer coating of salicylic acid and edible wax on chilling injury and functional attributes of guava. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janagam Venu Madhav
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology ICAR‐Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi India
| | - Shruti Sethi
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology ICAR‐Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi India
| | - Ram Roshan Sharma
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology ICAR‐Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi India
| | - Arumugam Nagaraja
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology ICAR‐Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi India
| | - Ajay Arora
- Division of Plant Physiology ICAR‐Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- Fishery Resources Assessment Division ICAR‐Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Kochi India
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20
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Prajapati U, Asrey R, Varghese E, Singh A, Pal Singh M. Effects of postharvest ultraviolet-C treatment on shelf-life and quality of bitter gourd fruit during storage. Food Packag Shelf Life 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2021.100665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Kumar M, Potkule J, Patil S, Saxena S, Patil P, Mageshwaran V, Punia S, Varghese E, Mahapatra A, Ashtaputre N, Souza CD, Kennedy JF. Extraction of ultra-low gossypol protein from cottonseed: Characterization based on antioxidant activity, structural morphology and functional group analysis. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Verma A, Jaggi S, Varghese E, Varghese C, Bhowmik A, Datta A, M H. On the construction of mixed-level rotatable response surface designs when experimental unit experiences overlap effects. COMMUN STAT-SIMUL C 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/03610918.2021.1890123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Verma
- Division of Design of Experiments, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Jaggi
- Division of Design of Experiments, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- Division of Design of Experiments, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Fishery Resources Assessment Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, India
| | - Cini Varghese
- Division of Design of Experiments, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Arpan Bhowmik
- Division of Design of Experiments, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anindita Datta
- Division of Design of Experiments, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Hemavathi M
- Fishery Resources Assessment Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, India
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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23
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Bhowmik A, Jaggi S, Varghese E, Varghese C. A note on optimal directional neighbour designs with random block effect. COMMUN STAT-SIMUL C 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/03610918.2019.1568475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Bhowmik
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Jaggi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, India
| | - Cini Varghese
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Hemavathi
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, India
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashi Shekhar
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Jaggi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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25
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Birteeb PT, Varghese C, Jaggi S, Varghese E, Harun M. An efficient class of tree network balanced designs for agroforestry experimentation. COMMUN STAT-SIMUL C 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/03610918.2020.1825739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter T. Birteeb
- Division of Design of Experiments, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - Cini Varghese
- Division of Design of Experiments, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Jaggi
- Division of Design of Experiments, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- Fishery Resources Assessment Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Mohd Harun
- Division of Design of Experiments, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India
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26
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Nishad J, Dutta A, Saha S, Rudra SG, Varghese E, Sharma RR, Tomar M, Kumar M, Kaur C. Ultrasound-assisted development of stable grapefruit peel polyphenolic nano-emulsion: Optimization and application in improving oxidative stability of mustard oil. Food Chem 2020; 334:127561. [PMID: 32711272 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) peel (GP) is rich in flavonoids and phenolics which have several proven pharmacological effects. However, their chemical instability towards oxygen, light and heat limits its applications in food industries. In the present study, we evaluated the feasibility of fabricating grapefruit-peel-phenolic (GPP) nano-emulsion in mustard oil using ultrasonication. Response surface methodology (RSM) optimization revealed that sonication time of 9.5 min at 30% amplitude and 0.52% Span-80 produced the stable GPP nano-emulsion with a droplet size of 29.73 ± 1.62 nm. Results indicate that both ultrasonication and Span-80 can assist the fabrication of a stabilized nano-emulsion. This study is one of its kind where nano-encapsulation of GPP into W/O emulsion was done to stabilize the active compound inside mustard oil and then the nano-emulsion was used to extend oxidative stability of mustard oil. Findings provide a basic guideline to formulate stable nano-emulsions for their use in active food packaging, oils, and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Nishad
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Anirban Dutta
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Supradip Saha
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Shalini G Rudra
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam, Kochi 682 018, India
| | - R R Sharma
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Maharishi Tomar
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284003, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Charanjit Kaur
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
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Chakraborty D, Sehgal VK, Dhakar R, Varghese E, Das DK. Increase in Spatial Spread of Extreme Warm Day Temperature Events: Regional to National Perspective for India (1951–2014). CURR SCI INDIA 2020. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v118/i12/1930-1938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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28
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Khandelwal A, Narayanan N, Varghese E, Gupta S. Linear and Nonlinear Isotherm Models and Error Analysis for the Sorption of Kresoxim-Methyl in Agricultural Soils of India. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2020; 104:503-510. [PMID: 32064538 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Kresoxim methyl sorption in soils of five agro-climatic zones of India varied from 41.6% to 84.7%. Highest sorption was recorded in organic carbon rich Almora soil. Isotherm parameters for linear and non-linear Freundlich and Temkin models were almost same, whereas Langmuir parameter Q0, for linear (1.60 to 9.434 μg g-1) and non-linear (8.48 to 17.129 μg g-1) models were quite different. For isotherms optimization different error functions such as sum of squares error (SSE), root mean square error (RMSE), Chi square error, hybrid fractional error (HYBRID) and average relative error (ARE) were calculated. Lowest error function values were obtained for Freundlich isotherm in all the soils except inceptisol (Kolkata) for which Langmuir isotherm gave the best fit. Statistical analysis using SAS 9.3 software and Tukey's HSD test revealed the significant effect (p < 0.001) of soil type on sorption. Sorption correlated positively with the organic carbon and clay contents of the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Khandelwal
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Neethu Narayanan
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, 682 018, India
| | - Suman Gupta
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
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Bhowmik A, Varghese E, Jaggi S, Varghese C. On the generation of factorial designs with minimum level changes. COMMUN STAT-SIMUL C 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/03610918.2020.1720244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Bhowmik
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, PUSA, New Delhi, India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Seema Jaggi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, PUSA, New Delhi, India
| | - Cini Varghese
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, PUSA, New Delhi, India
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30
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Kumar M, Dahuja A, Sachdev A, Kaur C, Varghese E, Saha S, Sairam KVSS. Evaluation of enzyme and microwave-assisted conditions on extraction of anthocyanins and total phenolics from black soybean (Glycine max L.) seed coat. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:1070-1081. [PMID: 31176863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study compares three methods viz. microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) and conventional solvent extraction (CSE) for extraction of polyphenolic compounds from Black Soybean Seed coat (BSSC). Box-Behnken design using response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate and optimize the MAE and EAE for maximum bioactive content, antioxidant activity, colour density and minimum degradation parameters from BSSC. Optimized MAE conditions for BSSC were: microwave power of 569.46 W, extraction time of 262.54 s, solvent to solid ratio of 40:1 and ethanol concentration (59.99). The predicted anthocyanin content was 5021.47 mg/l, close to experimental optimized value of 5094.9 mg/l with minimum values of degradation parameters viz., Polymeric Colour (PC) (0.131 ± 0.01), Browning Index (BI) (0.202 ± 0.02) and Degradation Index (DI) (0.140 ± 0.02). Overall results clearly indicate that MAE is the best suited method for extraction in comparison to EAE and CSE. The phenolic rich extract can be used as an effective functional ingredient in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
| | - Anil Dahuja
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Archana Sachdev
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Charanjit Kaur
- Division of Food Science and Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- Fishery Resources Assessment Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi 682 018, India
| | - Supradip Saha
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
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31
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Kumar M, Dahuja A, Sachdev A, Kaur C, Varghese E, Saha S, Sairam KVSS. Valorisation of black carrot pomace: microwave assisted extraction of bioactive phytoceuticals and antioxidant activity using Box-Behnken design. J Food Sci Technol 2019; 56:995-1007. [PMID: 30906057 PMCID: PMC6400738 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-03566-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study compares three methods viz. microwave assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and conventional solvent extraction (CSE) for extraction of phenolic compounds from black carrot pomace (BCP). BCP is the major by-product generated during processing and poses big disposal problem. Box-Behnken design using response surface methodology was employed to investigate and optimize the MAE of phenolics, antioxidant activity and colour density from BCP. The conditions for maximum recovery of polyphenolics were: microwave power (348.07 W), extraction time (9.8 min), solvent-solid ratio (19.3 mL/g) and ethanol concentration (19.8%). Under these conditions, the extract contained total phenolic content of 264.9 ± 10.02 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 mL, antioxidant capacity (AOC) of 13.14 ± 1.05 µmol Trolox equivalents (TE)/mL and colour density of 68.63 ± 5.40 units. The total anthocyanin content at optimized condition was 753.40 ± 31.6 mg/L with low % polymeric colour of 7.40 ± 0.42. At optimized conditions, MAE yielded higher colour density (68.63 ± 5.40), polyphenolic content (264.9 ± 10.025 mg GAE/100 mL) and AOC (13.14 ± 1.05 µmol TE/mL) in a short time as compared to UAE and CSE. Overall results clearly indicate that MAE is the best suited method for extraction in comparison to UAE and CSE. The phenolic rich extract can be used as an effective functional ingredient in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019 India
| | - Anil Dahuja
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Archana Sachdev
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Charanjit Kaur
- Division of Food Science and Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- Fishery Resources Assessment Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, 682 018 India
| | - Supradip Saha
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
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Nishad J, Saha S, Dubey AK, Varghese E, Kaur C. Optimization and comparison of non-conventional extraction technologies for Citrus paradisi L. peels: a valorization approach. J Food Sci Technol 2019; 56:1221-1233. [PMID: 30956302 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The phenolics from grapefruit peel were obtained by ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE). Extraction parameters were optimized using response surface methodology to maximize the yield of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). The optimized extracts from UAE and EAE were then compared with conventional solvent extraction for their TPC, TFC, antioxidant activity and phenolic composition. The best optimized conditions for UAE was obtained at 33.12 min extraction time, 71.11% amplitude and a solvent-solid (SS) ratio of 39.63 mL/g. The optimized parameters for EAE were 4.81 h extraction time, 0.9% enzyme concentration and 40 mL/g SS ratio. Similar values of experimental and predicted TPC and TFC at optimized conditions indicates the suitability of the quadratic model in optimizing the extraction parameters. Further characterization of extracts suggested EAE as most efficient process in extracting bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Nishad
- 1ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Supradip Saha
- 1ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Anil K Dubey
- 1ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- 2Fishery Resources Assessment Division (FRAD), Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala 682018 India
| | - Charanjit Kaur
- 1ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
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Jaggi S, Pateria DK, Varghese C, Varghese E, Bhowmik A. A note on circular neighbor balanced designs. COMMUN STAT-SIMUL C 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03610918.2017.1361980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seema Jaggi
- Division of Design of Experiments, ICAR – Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Cini Varghese
- Division of Design of Experiments, ICAR – Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Arpan Bhowmik
- Division of Design of Experiments, ICAR – Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India
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Sharma S, Varghese E, Arora A, Singh KN, Singh S, Nain L, Paul D. Corrigendum: Augmenting Pentose Utilization and Ethanol Production of Native Saccharomyces Cerevisiae LN Using Medium Engineering and Response Surface Methodology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:168. [PMID: 30464938 PMCID: PMC6243195 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shalley Sharma
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anju Arora
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - K N Singh
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Surender Singh
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Lata Nain
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Debarati Paul
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
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Sharma S, Varghese E, Arora A, Singh KN, Singh S, Nain L, Paul D. Augmenting Pentose Utilization and Ethanol Production of Native Saccharomyces cerevisiae LN Using Medium Engineering and Response Surface Methodology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:132. [PMID: 30320081 PMCID: PMC6166573 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Economics of ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass depends on complete utilization of constituent carbohydrates and efficient fermentation of mixed sugars present in biomass hydrolysates. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the commercial strain for ethanol production uses only glucose while pentoses remain unused. Recombinant strains capable of utilizing pentoses have been engineered but with limited success. Recently, presence of endogenous pentose assimilation pathway in S. cerevisiae was reported. On the contrary, evolutionary engineering of native xylose assimilating strains is promising approach. In this study, a native strain S. cerevisiae LN, isolated from fruit juice, was found to be capable of xylose assimilation and mixed sugar fermentation. Upon supplementation with yeast extract and peptone, glucose (10%) fermentation efficiency was 78% with ~90% sugar consumption. Medium engineering augmented mixed sugars (5% glucose + 5% xylose) fermentation efficiency to ~50 and 1.6% ethanol yield was obtained with concomitant sugar consumption ~60%. Statistical optimization of input variables Glucose (5.36%), Xylose (3.30%), YE (0.36%), and peptone (0.25%) with Response surface methodology led to improved sugar consumption (74.33%) and 2.36% ethanol within 84 h. Specific activities of Xylose Reductase and Xylitol Dehydrogenase exhibited by S. cerevisiae LN were relatively low. Their ratio indicated metabolism diverted toward ethanol than xylitol and other byproducts. Strain was tolerant to concentrations of HMF, furfural and acetic acid commonly encountered in biomass hydrolysates. Thus, genetic setup for xylose assimilation in S. cerevisiae LN is not merely artifact of xylose metabolizing pathway and can be augmented by adaptive evolution. This strain showed potential for commercial exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalley Sharma
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anju Arora
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - K N Singh
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Surender Singh
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Lata Nain
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Debarati Paul
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
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Lall S, Jaggi S, Varghese E, Varghese C, Bhowmik A. An algorithmic approach to construct D-optimal saturated designs for logistic model. J STAT COMPUT SIM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00949655.2018.1425689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shwetank Lall
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Jaggi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Cini Varghese
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Arpan Bhowmik
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Singh NS, Mukherjee I, Das SK, Varghese E. Leaching of Clothianidin in Two Different Indian Soils: Effect of Organic Amendment. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2018; 100:553-559. [PMID: 29435615 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Clothianidin is a widely used insecticide under Indian subtropical condition. The objective of this study was to generate residue data which aims to understand leaching potential of clothianidin [(E)-1-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-3-methyl-2- nitroguanidine] through packed soil column. The maximum amount of clothianidin was recovered at 0-5 cm soil depth in both Manipur (67.15%) and Delhi soil (52.0%) under continuous flow condition. Manipur and Delhi soil concentrated maximum residue with or without farm yard manure (FYM) in 0-20 cm soil depth. The effect of varying the amount of water enhanced the distribution of residues in the first 0-5 cm layer. Among the tested soils, residue was detected in the leachate from Delhi soil (0.04 µg/mL). Clothianidin leaching was minimized in soil of Manipur compared to Delhi after incorporation of FYM. As the volume of water increased upto 160 mL, mobility increased and residues moved to lower depth. Clothianidin did not leach out of the 25 cm long soil columns even after percolating water equivalent to 415.42 mm rainfall. Clothianidin is mobile in soil system and mobility can be reduced by organic amendment application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irani Mukherjee
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, IARI, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Shaon Kumar Das
- ICAR National Organic farming Research Institute, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India
| | - E Varghese
- Division of Design of Experiment, IASRI, New Delhi, 110012, India
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Nishad J, Koley TK, Varghese E, Kaur C. Synergistic effects of nutmeg and citrus peel extracts in imparting oxidative stability in meat balls. Food Res Int 2018; 106:1026-1036. [PMID: 29579894 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nutmeg (NM) and citrus peel (CP) extracts are potential sources of phytochemicals high in antioxidant activity. The synergistic effect of the extracts when incorporated as a binary mixture (NM-CP) demonstrated high antioxidant activity, exceeding the expected values indicating possible interactive synergism. This effect prompted us to investigate the potential of NM, CP and NM-CP extracts in imparting oxidative stability to meat balls during frozen storage. NM-CP was evaluated at two concentrations 0.5% (NMCP) and 1.0% (NMCP1). Meat balls with added salt (MS) and control (without any salt and antioxidant) served as control. Binary mixture (NM-CP) at 1% showed a stronger inhibitory effect on lipid oxidation in comparison to the NMCP and individual extracts NM and CP. However, with respect to protein oxidation, both concentrations (NMCP and NMCP1) exhibited higher inhibitory activity than the individual counterparts. Color, flavor and sensory scores further confirmed the efficacy of NM-CP in extending the storage life of frozen meat. Synergistic effect of binary extract NMCP in retarding lipid and protein oxidation in meat balls could be of practical value for meat processors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Nishad
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | | | - Eldho Varghese
- Fishery Resources Assessment Division (FRAD), Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi 682018, India
| | - Charanjit Kaur
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
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Bhowmik A, Jaggi S, Varghese E, Varghese C. Optimal block designs with non additive mixed effects interference. COMMUN STAT-THEOR M 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/03610926.2017.1291978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Bhowmik
- ICAR – Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Jaggi
- ICAR – Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Cini Varghese
- ICAR – Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India
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40
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Datta A, Jaggi S, Varghese E, Varghese C. Generalized confounded row–column designs. COMMUN STAT-THEOR M 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/03610926.2015.1122062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Datta
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Jaggi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Cini Varghese
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Bhowmik
- Division of Design of Experiments, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- Division of Design of Experiments, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Jaggi
- Division of Design of Experiments, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Cini Varghese
- Division of Design of Experiments, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Varghese E, Varghese C. Variance-balanced row–column designs involving diallel crosses incorporating specific combining abilities for comparing test lines with a control line. COMMUN STAT-THEOR M 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/03610926.2015.1032428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eldho Varghese
- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Cini Varghese
- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
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Joshi A, Kar A, Rudra SG, Sagar VR, Varghese E, Lad M, Khan I, Singh B. Vacuum impregnation: a promising way for mineral fortification in potato porous matrix (potato chips). J Food Sci Technol 2016; 53:4348-4353. [PMID: 28115775 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Potato chips can be considered as an ideal carrier for targeted nutrient/s delivery as mostly consumed by the vulnerable group (children and teen agers). The present study was planned to fortifiy potato chips with calcium (Calcium lactate) and zinc (Zinc sulphate) using vacuum impregnation technique. At about 70-80 mm Hg vacuum pressure, maximum level of impregnation of both the minerals was achieved. Results showed that after optimization, calcium lactate at 4.81%, zinc sulphate at 0.72%, and vacuum of 33.53 mm Hg with restoration period of 19.52 min can fortify potato chips that can fulfil 10 and 21% need of calcium and zinc, respectively of targeted group (age 4-17 years). The present research work has shown that through this technique, fortification can be done in potato chips which are generally considered as a poor source of minerals. Further to make potato chips more fit to health conscious consumers, rather frying microwaving was done to develop mineral fortified low fat potato chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Joshi
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Post Harvest Technology, Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh India
| | - A Kar
- Division of Food Science and Post Harvest Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa-Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - S G Rudra
- Division of Food Science and Post Harvest Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa-Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - V R Sagar
- Division of Food Science and Post Harvest Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa-Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - E Varghese
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - M Lad
- Division of Food Science and Post Harvest Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa-Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - I Khan
- Division of Food Science and Post Harvest Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa-Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - B Singh
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Post Harvest Technology, Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh India
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Yadav RK, Tripathi K, Ramteke PW, Varghese E, Abraham G. Salinity induced physiological and biochemical changes in the freshly separated cyanobionts of Azolla microphylla and Azolla caroliniana. Plant Physiol Biochem 2016; 106:39-45. [PMID: 27135817 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Freshly separated cyanobionts of Azolla microphylla and Azolla caroliniana plants exposed to salinity showed decline in the cellular constituents such as chlorophyll (23.1 and 38.9%) and protein (12.9 and 19.3%). However, an increase in the carotenoid and sugar content was observed. Exposure to salinity stress reduced the heterocyst frequency (35.4 and 57.2%) and nitrogenase activity (37.7 and 46.3%) of the cyanobionts. Increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as super oxide dismutase (50.6 and 11.5%), ascorbate peroxidase (63.7 and 57.9%), catalase (94.2 and 22.5%) as well as non-enzymatic antioxidant proline (18.8 and 13.3%) was also observed in response to salinity. The cyanobionts exhibited significant increase in the intracellular Na(+) level and reduced intracellular K(+)/Na(+) and Ca(2+)/Na(+) ratio in response to salinity. The results demonstrate the adverse impact of salinity on the freshly separated cyanobionts as similar to free living cyanobacteria. These results may be helpful in the critical evaluation of salinity tolerance mechanism of the cyanobiont and its interaction with the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Kumar Yadav
- Centre for Conservation and Utilization of BGA, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Keshawanand Tripathi
- Centre for Conservation and Utilization of BGA, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Pramod Wasudeo Ramteke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, U.P 211007, India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- Division of Design of Experiments, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Gerard Abraham
- Centre for Conservation and Utilization of BGA, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
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45
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Patil SS, Rudra SG, Varghese E, Kaur C. Effect of extruded finger millet (Eleusine coracan L.) on textural properties and sensory acceptability of composite bread. FOOD BIOSCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Anjum A, Jaggi S, Varghese E, Lall S, Bhowmik A, Rai A. Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in RNA-seq Data of Arabidopsis thaliana: A Compound Distribution Approach. J Comput Biol 2016; 23:239-47. [PMID: 26949988 PMCID: PMC4827276 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2015.0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product, which may be proteins. A gene is declared differentially expressed if an observed difference or change in read counts or expression levels between two experimental conditions is statistically significant. To identify differentially expressed genes between two conditions, it is important to find statistical distributional property of the data to approximate the nature of differential genes. In the present study, the focus is mainly to investigate the differential gene expression analysis for sequence data based on compound distribution model. This approach was applied in RNA-seq count data of Arabidopsis thaliana and it has been found that compound Poisson distribution is more appropriate to capture the variability as compared with Poisson distribution. Thus, fitting of appropriate distribution to gene expression data provides statistically sound cutoff values for identifying differentially expressed genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arfa Anjum
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research , New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Jaggi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research , New Delhi, India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research , New Delhi, India
| | - Shwetank Lall
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research , New Delhi, India
| | - Arpan Bhowmik
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research , New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Rai
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research , New Delhi, India
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Khandelwal A, Gupta S, Gajbhiye VT, Varghese E. Degradation of Kresoxim-Methyl in Water: Impact of Varying pH, Temperature, Light and Atmospheric CO2 Level. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2016; 96:130-136. [PMID: 26261047 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-015-1627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present investigation, persistence of kresoxim-methyl (a broad spectrum strobilurin fungicide) was studied in water. Results revealed that kresoxim-methyl readily form acid metabolite. Therefore, residues of kresoxim-methyl were quantified on the basis of parent molecule alone and sum total of kresoxim-methyl and its acid metabolite. In water, influence of various abiotic factors like pH, temperature, light and atmospheric carbon dioxide level on dissipation of kresoxim-methyl was studied. The half life value for kresoxim-methyl and total residue varied from 1 to 26.1 and 6.1 to 94.0 days under different conditions. Statistical analysis revealed the significant effect of abiotic factors on the dissipation of kresoxim-methyl from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Khandelwal
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
- Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, 813210, India.
| | - Suman Gupta
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Vijay T Gajbhiye
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Eldho Varghese
- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Bhowmik A, Jaggi S, Varghese C, Varghese E. Optimal Block Designs With Interference Effects From Neighboring Units Under a Non Additive Model. COMMUN STAT-THEOR M 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/03610926.2013.766340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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50
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Kumar N, Mukherjee I, Varghese E. Adsorption-desorption of tricyclazole: effect of soil types and organic matter. Environ Monit Assess 2015; 187:61. [PMID: 25647794 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption-desorption of tricyclazole was studied by batch equilibrium method in two soil types, varying in their physical and chemical properties. The adsorption of tricyclazole on the soil matrix exhibited low rate of accumulation with 18.24 ± 0.14 % in Ultisol and moderately high rate with 43.62 ± 0.14 % in Vertisol after 6 h of equilibrium time. For soils amended with farmyard manure (FYM), the adsorption percentage increased to 32.52 ± 0.14 % in Ultisol and 55.14 ± 0.14 % in Vertisol. The Freundlich model was used to describe the adsorption-desorption of the tricyclazole in two soils. The adsorption isotherm suggested a relatively higher affinity of tricyclazole to the adsorption sites at low equilibrium concentrations. Variation in sorption affinities of the soils as indicated by the distribution coefficient (K d) for sorption in the range of 0.78 ± 0.01-1.38 ± 0.03, 1.71 ± 0.03-2.99 ± 0.09, 2.75 ± 0.05-4.69 ± 0.01, and 4.65 ± 0.08-7.64 ± 0.01 mL/g for Ultisol, FYM-amended Ultisol, Vertisol, and FYM-amended Vertisol, respectively. Desorption was slower than adsorption, indicating a hysteresis effect. The hysteresis coefficient varied from 0.023 ± 0.15 to 0.160 ± 0.12 in two test soils. A good fit to the linear and Freundlich isotherms was observed with correlation coefficients >0.96. The results revealed that adsorption-desorption was influenced by soil properties and showed that the maximum sorption and minimum desorption of pesticide were observed in soils with higher organic carbon and clay content. Thus, groundwater contamination may be minimized, on application of tricyclazole in high-sorption soils of rice-growing regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India,
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