1
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Ulusoy S, Feygenson M, Thersleff T, Uusimaeki T, Valvo M, Roca AG, Nogués J, Svedlindh P, Salazar-Alvarez G. Elucidating the Lithiation Process in Fe 3-δO 4 Nanoparticles by Correlating Magnetic and Structural Properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:14799-14808. [PMID: 38478774 PMCID: PMC10982998 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Due to their high potential energy storage, magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles have become appealing as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries. However, the details of the lithiation process are still not completely understood. Here, we investigate chemical lithiation in 70 nm cubic-shaped magnetite nanoparticles with varying degrees of lithiation, x = 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5. The induced changes in the structural and magnetic properties were investigated using X-ray techniques along with electron microscopy and magnetic measurements. The results indicate that a structural transformation from spinel to rock salt phase occurs above a critical limit for the lithium concentration (xc), which is determined to be between 0.5< xc ≤ 1 for Fe3-δO4. Diffraction and magnetization measurements clearly show the formation of the antiferromagnetic LiFeO2 phase. Upon lithiation, magnetization measurements reveal an exchange bias in the hysteresis loops with an asymmetry, which can be attributed to the formation of mosaic-like LiFeO2 subdomains. The combined characterization techniques enabled us to unambiguously identify the phases and their distributions involved in the lithiation process. Correlating magnetic and structural properties opens the path to increasing the understanding of the processes involved in a variety of nonmagnetic applications of magnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Ulusoy
- Department
Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala
University, P.O. Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikhail Feygenson
- Department
Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala
University, P.O. Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
- European
Spallation Source ERIC, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
- Jülich
Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1) Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Thersleff
- Department
Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm
University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Toni Uusimaeki
- Department
Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm
University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mario Valvo
- Department
Chemistry, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alejandro G. Roca
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Nogués
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Peter Svedlindh
- Department
Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala
University, P.O. Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - German Salazar-Alvarez
- Department
Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala
University, P.O. Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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De Sloovere D, Mylavarapu SK, D'Haen J, Thersleff T, Jaworski A, Grins J, Svensson G, Stoyanova R, Jøsang LO, Prakasha KR, Merlo M, Martínez E, Nel-Lo Pascual M, Jacas Biendicho J, Van Bael MK, Hardy A. Phase Engineering via Aluminum Doping Enhances the Electrochemical Stability of Lithium-Rich Cobalt-Free Layered Oxides for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Small 2024:e2400876. [PMID: 38429239 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Lithium-rich, cobalt-free oxides are promising potential positive electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries because of their high energy density, lower cost, and reduced environmental and ethical concerns. However, their commercial breakthrough is hindered because of their subpar electrochemical stability. This work studies the effect of aluminum doping on Li1.26 Ni0.15 Mn0.61 O2 as a lithium-rich, cobalt-free layered oxide. Al doping suppresses voltage fade and improves the capacity retention from 46% for Li1.26 Ni0.15 Mn0.61 O2 to 67% for Li1.26 Ni0.15 Mn0.56 Al0.05 O2 after 250 cycles at 0.2 C. The undoped material has a monoclinic Li2 MnO3 -type structure with spinel on the particle edges. In contrast, Al-doped materials (Li1.26 Ni0.15 Mn0.61-x Alx O2 ) consist of a more stable rhombohedral phase at the particle edges, with a monoclinic phase core. For this core-shell structure, the formation of Mn3+ is suppressed along with the material's decomposition to a disordered spinel, and the amount of the rhombohedral phase content increases during galvanostatic cycling. Whereas previous studies generally provided qualitative insight into the degradation mechanisms during electrochemical cycling, this work provides quantitative information on the stabilizing effect of the rhombohedral shell in the doped sample. As such, this study provides fundamental insight into the mechanisms through which Al doping increases the electrochemical stability of lithium-rich cobalt-free layered oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries De Sloovere
- Institute for Materials Research (imo-Imomec), UHasselt and Imec, Agoralaan, building D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
- EnergyVille, Thor Park 8320, Genk, 3600, Belgium
| | - Satish Kumar Mylavarapu
- Institute for Materials Research (imo-Imomec), UHasselt and Imec, Agoralaan, building D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
- EnergyVille, Thor Park 8320, Genk, 3600, Belgium
| | - Jan D'Haen
- Institute for Materials Research (imo-Imomec), UHasselt and Imec, Agoralaan, building D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
| | - Thomas Thersleff
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Aleksander Jaworski
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Jekabs Grins
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Svensson
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Radostina Stoyanova
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bldg. 11, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Maximiliano Merlo
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research-IREC, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
| | - Elías Martínez
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research-IREC, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
| | - Marc Nel-Lo Pascual
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research-IREC, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
| | - Jordi Jacas Biendicho
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research-IREC, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
| | - Marlies K Van Bael
- Institute for Materials Research (imo-Imomec), UHasselt and Imec, Agoralaan, building D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
- EnergyVille, Thor Park 8320, Genk, 3600, Belgium
| | - An Hardy
- Institute for Materials Research (imo-Imomec), UHasselt and Imec, Agoralaan, building D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
- EnergyVille, Thor Park 8320, Genk, 3600, Belgium
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3
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Ali H, Rusz J, Bürgler DE, Adam R, Schneider CM, Tai CW, Thersleff T. Noise-dependent bias in quantitative STEM-EMCD experiments revealed by bootstrapping. Ultramicroscopy 2024; 257:113891. [PMID: 38043363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Electron magnetic circular dichroism (EMCD) is a powerful technique for estimating element-specific magnetic moments of materials on nanoscale with the potential to reach atomic resolution in transmission electron microscopes. However, the fundamentally weak EMCD signal strength complicates quantification of magnetic moments, as this requires very high precision, especially in the denominator of the sum rules. Here, we employ a statistical resampling technique known as bootstrapping to an experimental EMCD dataset to produce an empirical estimate of the noise-dependent error distribution resulting from application of EMCD sum rules to bcc iron in a 3-beam orientation. We observe clear experimental evidence that noisy EMCD signals preferentially bias the estimation of magnetic moments, further supporting this with error distributions produced by Monte-Carlo simulations. Finally, we propose guidelines for the recognition and minimization of this bias in the estimation of magnetic moments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Ali
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 534, Uppsala 751 21, Sweden; Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden; Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52425, Germany.
| | - Jan Rusz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, Uppsala 751 20, Sweden
| | - Daniel E Bürgler
- Peter Grünberg Institut, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich D-52425, Germany
| | - Roman Adam
- Peter Grünberg Institut, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich D-52425, Germany
| | - Claus M Schneider
- Peter Grünberg Institut, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich D-52425, Germany
| | - Cheuk-Wai Tai
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Thomas Thersleff
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
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4
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Ali H, Sathyanath SKM, Tai CW, Rusz J, Uusimaki T, Hjörvarsson B, Thersleff T, Leifer K. Single scan STEM-EMCD in 3-beam orientation using a quadruple aperture. Ultramicroscopy 2023; 251:113760. [PMID: 37285614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The need to acquire multiple angle-resolved electron energy loss spectra (EELS) is one of the several critical challenges associated with electron magnetic circular dichroism (EMCD) experiments. If the experiments are performed by scanning a nanometer to atomic-sized electron probe on a specific region of a sample, the precision of the local magnetic information extracted from such data highly depends on the accuracy of the spatial registration between multiple scans. For an EMCD experiment in a 3-beam orientation, this means that the same specimen area must be scanned four times while keeping all the experimental conditions same. This is a non-trivial task as there is a high chance of morphological and chemical modification as well as non-systematic local orientation variations of the crystal between the different scans due to beam damage, contamination and spatial drift. In this work, we employ a custom-made quadruple aperture to acquire the four EELS spectra needed for the EMCD analysis in a single electron beam scan, thus removing the above-mentioned complexities. We demonstrate a quantitative EMCD result for a beam convergence angle corresponding to sub-nm probe size and compare the EMCD results for different detector geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Ali
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | | - Cheuk-Wai Tai
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Rusz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Toni Uusimaki
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björgvin Hjörvarsson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas Thersleff
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klaus Leifer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
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5
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Gordeeva A, Thersleff T, Hsu YJ, Liebske C, Ulmer P, Andersson O, Häussermann U. Electronic structure characterization of TiO2-II with the α-PbO2 structure by electron-energy-loss-spectroscopy and comparison with anatase, brookite, and rutile. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2023.123952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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6
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Ziesmer J, Sondén I, Thersleff T, Sotiriou GA. Highly Efficient Near-IR Photothermal Microneedles with Flame-Made Plasmonic Nanoaggregates for Reduced Intradermal Nanoparticle Deposition. Adv Mater Interfaces 2022; 9:admi.202201540. [PMID: 37720386 PMCID: PMC7615098 DOI: 10.1002/admi.202201540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) photothermal therapy by microneedles (MNs) exhibits high potential against skin diseases. However, high costs, photobleaching of organic agents, low long-term stability, and potential nanotoxicity limit the clinical translation of photothermal MNs. Here, photothermal MNs are developed by utilizing Au nanoaggregates made by flame aerosol technology and incorporated in water-insoluble polymer matrix to reduce intradermal nanoparticle (NP) deposition. The individual Au interparticle distance and plasmonic coupling within the nanoaggregates are controlled by the addition of a spacer during their synthesis rendering the Au nanoaggregates highly efficient NIR photothermal agents. In situ aerosol deposition of Au nanoaggregates on MN molds results in the fabrication of photothermal MNs with thin plasmonic layers. The photothermal performance of these MN arrays is compared to ones made by three methods utilizing NP dispersions, and it is found that similar temperatures are reached with 28-fold lower Au mass due to reduced light scattering losses of the thin layers. Finally, all developed photothermal MN arrays here cause clinically relevant hyperthermia at benign laser intensities while reducing intradermal NP deposition 127-fold compared to conventional MNs made with water-soluble polymers. Such rational design of photothermal MNs requiring low laser intensities and minimal NP intradermal accumulation sets the basis for their safe clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Ziesmer
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Isabel Sondén
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Thomas Thersleff
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry Stockholm University Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Georgios A Sotiriou
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
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7
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Li H, Merkl P, Sommertune J, Thersleff T, Sotiriou GA. SERS Hotspot Engineering by Aerosol Self-Assembly of Plasmonic Ag Nanoaggregates with Tunable Interparticle Distance. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2201133. [PMID: 35670133 PMCID: PMC9353460 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful sensing technique. However, the employment of SERS sensors in practical applications is hindered by high fabrication costs from processes with limited scalability, poor batch-to-batch reproducibility, substrate stability, and uniformity. Here, highly scalable and reproducible flame aerosol technology is employed to rapidly self-assemble uniform SERS sensing films. Plasmonic Ag nanoparticles are deposited on substrates as nanoaggregates with fine control of their interparticle distance. The interparticle distance is tuned by adding a dielectric spacer during nanoparticle synthesis that separates the individual Ag nanoparticles within each nanoaggregate. The dielectric spacer thickness dictates the plasmonic coupling extinction of the deposited nanoaggregates and finely tunes the Raman hotspots. By systematically studying the optical and morphological properties of the developed SERS surfaces, structure-performance relationships are established and the optimal hot-spots occur for interparticle distance of 1 to 1.5 nm among the individual Ag nanoparticles, as also validated by computational modeling, are identified for the highest signal enhancement of a molecular Raman reporter. Finally, the superior stability and batch-to-batch reproducibility of the developed SERS sensors are demonstrated and their potential with a proof-of-concept practical application in food-safety diagnostics for pesticide detection on fruit surfaces is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Li
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSE‐17177Sweden
| | - Padryk Merkl
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSE‐17177Sweden
| | | | - Thomas Thersleff
- Department of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm UniversityStockholm10691Sweden
| | - Georgios A. Sotiriou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSE‐17177Sweden
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8
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Roslova M, Thersleff T, Vinokurova E, Avdoshenko S, Isaeva A. Reliable structure determination of K-intercalated RuCl 3 nanoflakes by 3D electron crystallography and multivariate analysis of fused EELS and EDX spectrum images. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2021. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767321096008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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9
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Merkl P, Zhou S, Zaganiaris A, Shahata M, Eleftheraki A, Thersleff T, Sotiriou GA. Plasmonic Coupling in Silver Nanoparticle Aggregates and Their Polymer Composite Films for Near -Infrared Photothermal Biofilm Eradication. ACS Appl Nano Mater 2021; 4:5330-5339. [PMID: 34085032 PMCID: PMC8165696 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.1c00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanoparticles with near-IR (NIR) light absorption are highly attractive in biomedicine for minimally invasive photothermal treatments. However, these optical properties are typically exhibited by plasmonic nanostructures with complex, nonspherical geometries that may prohibit their broad commercialization and further integration into photothermal devices. Herein, we present the single-step aerosol self-assembly of plasmonic nanoaggregates that consisted of spherical silver nanoparticles with tunable extinction from visible to NIR wavelengths. This tunable extinction was achieved by the addition of SiO2 during the flame synthesis of the nanoparticles, which acted as a dielectric spacer between the spherical silver nanoparticles and was also computationally validated by simulating the extinction spectra of similar silver nanoaggregates. These plasmonic nanoaggregates were easily deposited on silicone polymeric surfaces and further encased with a top polymer layer, forming plasmonic photothermal nanocomposite films. The photothermal properties of the NIR nanocomposite films were utilized to eradicate the established biofilms of clinically relevant Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with a relationship observed between the final surface temperature and biofilm eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padryk Merkl
- Department
of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-17177, Sweden
| | - Shuzhi Zhou
- Department
of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-17177, Sweden
| | - Apostolos Zaganiaris
- Department
of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-17177, Sweden
| | - Mariam Shahata
- Department
of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-17177, Sweden
| | - Athina Eleftheraki
- Department
of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-17177, Sweden
| | - Thomas Thersleff
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Georgios A. Sotiriou
- Department
of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-17177, Sweden
- E-mail:
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10
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Ma Z, Chen J, Luo D, Thersleff T, Dronskowski R, Slabon A. Structural evolution of CrN nanocube electrocatalysts during nitrogen reduction reaction. Nanoscale 2020; 12:19276-19283. [PMID: 32935697 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04981f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal nitrides have been suggested as prospective catalysts for the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) in order to obtain ammonia at room temperature under ambient pressure. Herein, we report that templated chromium nitride porous microspheres built up by nanocubes (NCs) are an efficient noble-metal-free electrocatalyst for NRR. The CrN NCs catalyst exhibits both a high stability and NH3 yield of 31.11 μg h-1 mgcat.-1 with a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 16.6% in 0.1 M HCl electrolyte. Complementary physical characterization techniques demonstrate partial oxidation of the pristine CrN NCs during reaction. Structural characterization by means of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) combining electron energy loss spectrum (EELS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis reveals the NC structure to consist of an O-rich core and N-rich shell after NRR. This gradient distribution of nitrogen within the CrN NCs upon completed NRR is distinct to previously reported metal nitride NRR catalysts, because no significant loss of nitrogen occurs at the catalyst surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Ma
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany and Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jianhong Chen
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Dongbao Luo
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany and Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Thomas Thersleff
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Richard Dronskowski
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany and Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Adam Slabon
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
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11
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Roslova M, Smeets S, Wang B, Thersleff T, Xu H, Zou X. InsteaDMatic: towards cross-platform automated continuous rotation electron diffraction. J Appl Crystallogr 2020; 53:1217-1224. [PMID: 33117109 PMCID: PMC7534539 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576720009590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A DigitalMicrograph script named InsteaDMatic has been developed for automated continuous rotation electron diffraction (cRED) data acquisition. InsteaDMatic coordinates functions of the transmission electron microscope goniometer and camera in order to tune up diffraction-frame recording simultaneously with crystal rotation. Exploiting fast and automated data collection, the influence of the electron dose rate on the quality of cRED data was studied, and structural models obtained for two different parallel-beam illumination modes (aperture selection and nanoprobe) were compared. A DigitalMicrograph script, InsteaDMatic, has been developed to facilitate rapid automated 3D electron diffraction/microcrystal electron diffraction data acquisition by continuous rotation of a crystal with a constant speed, denoted as continuous rotation electron diffraction. The script coordinates microscope functions, such as stage rotation, and camera functions relevant for data collection, and stores the experiment metadata. The script is compatible with any microscope that can be controlled by DigitalMicrograph and has been tested on both JEOL and Thermo Fisher Scientific microscopes. A proof of concept has been performed through employing InsteaDMatic for data collection and structure determination of a ZSM-5 zeolite. The influence of illumination settings and electron dose rate on the quality of diffraction data, unit-cell determination and structure solution has been investigated in order to optimize the data acquisition procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Roslova
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Stef Smeets
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Thomas Thersleff
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Hongyi Xu
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Xiaodong Zou
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
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12
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Onwumere J, Pia̧tek J, Budnyak T, Chen J, Budnyk S, Karim Z, Thersleff T, Kuśtrowski P, Mathew AP, Slabon A. CelluPhot: Hybrid Cellulose-Bismuth Oxybromide Membrane for Pollutant Removal. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:42891-42901. [PMID: 32840994 PMCID: PMC7586292 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewater is a complex challenge and requires usually several sequential processes. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of a hybrid material that can fulfill both tasks: (i) the adsorption of metal ions due to the negative surface charge, and (ii) photocatalytic decomposition of organic compounds. The bioinorganic hybrid membrane consists of cellulose fibers to ensure mechanical stability and of Bi4O5Br2/BiOBr nanosheets. The composite is synthesized at low temperature of 115 °C directly on the cellulose membrane (CM) in order to maintain the carboxylic and hydroxyl groups on the surface that are responsible for the adsorption of metal ions. The composite can adsorb both Co(II) and Ni(II) ions and the kinetic study confirmed a good agreement of experimental data with the pseudo-second-order equation kinetic model. CM/Bi4O5Br2/BiOBr showed higher affinity to Co(II) ions than to Ni(II) ions from diluted aqueous solutions. The bioinorganic composite demonstrates a synergistic effect in the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) by exceeding the removal efficiency of single components. The fabrication of the biologic-inorganic interface was confirmed by various analytical techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (STEM EDX) mapping, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The presented approach for controlled formation of the bioinorganic interface between natural material (cellulose) and nanoscopic inorganic materials of tailored morphology (Bi-O-Br system) enables the significant enhancement of materials functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Onwumere
- Department of Materials
and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jȩdrzej Pia̧tek
- Department of Materials
and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tetyana Budnyak
- Department of Materials
and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jianhong Chen
- Department of Materials
and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Serhiy Budnyk
- AC2T research GmbH, Viktor-Kaplan-Str. 2/c, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Zoheb Karim
- MoRe Research Örnsköldsvik AB, Box 70, SE-89122, Örnsköldsvik, Sweden
| | - Thomas Thersleff
- Department of Materials
and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Piotr Kuśtrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Aji P. Mathew
- Department of Materials
and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adam Slabon
- Department of Materials
and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Thersleff T, Budnyk S, Drangai L, Slabon A. Dissecting complex nanoparticle heterostructures via multimodal data fusion with aberration-corrected STEM spectroscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2020; 219:113116. [PMID: 33032159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2020.113116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
With nanostructured materials such as catalytic heterostructures projected to play a critical role in applications ranging from water splitting to energy harvesting, tailoring their properties to specific tasks requires an increasingly comprehensive characterization of their local chemical and electronic landscape. Although aberration-corrected electron spectroscopy currently provides sufficient spatial resolution to study this space, an approach to concurrently dissect both the electronic structure and full composition of buried metal/oxide interfaces remains a considerable challenge. In this manuscript, we outline a statistical methodology to jointly analyze simultaneously-acquired STEM EELS and EDX datasets by fusing them along their shared spatial factors. We show how this procedure can be used to derive a rich descriptive model for estimating both transition metal valency and full chemical composition from encapsulated morphologies such as core-shell nanoparticles. We demonstrate this on a heterogeneous Co-P thin film catalyst, concluding that this system is best described as a multi-shell phosphide structure with a P-doped metallic Co core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Thersleff
- Stockholm University, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm 10691, Sweden.
| | - Serhiy Budnyk
- Austrian Centre of Competence for Tribology, AC2T research GmbH, Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2, Wr. Neustadt, 2700, Austria
| | - Larissa Drangai
- Austrian Centre of Competence for Tribology, AC2T research GmbH, Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2, Wr. Neustadt, 2700, Austria
| | - Adam Slabon
- Stockholm University, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
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14
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Lu C, Jothi PR, Thersleff T, Budnyak TM, Rokicinska A, Yubuta K, Dronskowski R, Kuśtrowski P, Fokwa BPT, Slabon A. Nanostructured core-shell metal borides-oxides as highly efficient electrocatalysts for photoelectrochemical water oxidation. Nanoscale 2020; 12:3121-3128. [PMID: 31965133 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09818f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts are critical components of photoanodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation. Herein, nanostructured metal boride MB (M = Co, Fe) electrocatalysts, which have been synthesized by a Sn/SnCl2 redox assisted solid-state method, were integrated with WO3 thin films to build heterojunction photoanodes. As-obtained MB modified WO3 photoanodes exhibit enhanced charge carrier transport, amended separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, prolonged hole lifetime and increased charge carrier density. Surface modification of CoB and FeB significantly enhances the photocurrent density of WO3 photoanodes from 0.53 to 0.83 and 0.85 mA cm-2, respectively, in transient chronoamperometry (CA) at 1.23 V vs. RHE (VRHE) under interrupted illumination in 0.1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte (pH 7), corresponding to an increase of 1.6 relative to pristine WO3. In contrast, the pristine MB thin film electrodes do not produce noticeable photocurrent during water oxidation. The metal boride catalysts transform in situ to a core-shell structure with a metal boride core and a metal oxide (MO, M = Co, Fe) surface layer. When coupled to WO3 thin films, the CoB@CoOx nanostructures exhibit a higher catalytic enhancement than corresponding pure cobalt borate (Co-Bi) and cobalt hydroxide (Co(OH)x) electrocatalysts. Our results emphasize the role of the semiconductor-electrocatalyst interface for photoelectrodes and their high dependency on materials combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Lu
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Palani R Jothi
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis, University of California, Riverside, 92507 California, USA.
| | - Thomas Thersleff
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Tetyana M Budnyak
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anna Rokicinska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kunio Yubuta
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Richard Dronskowski
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany and Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Liuxian Blvd 7098, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Piotr Kuśtrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Boniface P T Fokwa
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis, University of California, Riverside, 92507 California, USA.
| | - Adam Slabon
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
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15
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Thersleff T, Schönström L, Tai CW, Adam R, Bürgler DE, Schneider CM, Muto S, Rusz J. Single-pass STEM-EMCD on a zone axis using a patterned aperture: progress in experimental and data treatment methods. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18170. [PMID: 31796786 PMCID: PMC6890689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53373-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Measuring magnetic moments in ferromagnetic materials at atomic resolution is theoretically possible using the electron magnetic circular dichroism (EMCD) technique in a (scanning) transmission electron microscope ((S)TEM). However, experimental and data processing hurdles currently hamper the realization of this goal. Experimentally, the sample must be tilted to a zone-axis orientation, yielding a complex distribution of magnetic scattering intensity, and the same sample region must be scanned multiple times with sub-atomic spatial registration necessary at each pass. Furthermore, the weak nature of the EMCD signal requires advanced data processing techniques to reliably detect and quantify the result. In this manuscript, we detail our experimental and data processing progress towards achieving single-pass zone-axis EMCD using a patterned aperture. First, we provide a comprehensive data acquisition and analysis strategy for this and other EMCD experiments that should scale down to atomic resolution experiments. Second, we demonstrate that, at low spatial resolution, promising EMCD candidate signals can be extracted, and that these are sensitive to both crystallographic orientation and momentum transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Thersleff
- Stockholm University, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Linus Schönström
- Stockholm University, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Box 516, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cheuk-Wai Tai
- Stockholm University, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roman Adam
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Peter Grünberg Institut, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Daniel E Bürgler
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Peter Grünberg Institut, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Claus M Schneider
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Peter Grünberg Institut, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Shunsuke Muto
- Nagoya University, Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Ján Rusz
- Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Box 516, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Roslova M, Smeets S, Wang B, Thersleff T, Hu H, Zou X. Automated electron diffraction: 3D structure determination with sub-ångström resolution. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2019. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273319091496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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17
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Ertl M, Ma Z, Thersleff T, Lyu P, Huettner S, Nachtigall P, Breu J, Slabon A. Mössbauerite as Iron-Only Layered Oxyhydroxide Catalyst for WO3 Photoanodes. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:9655-9662. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zili Ma
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen D-52056, Germany
| | - Thomas Thersleff
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Pengbo Lyu
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 212843, Czech Republic
| | | | - Petr Nachtigall
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 212843, Czech Republic
| | | | - Adam Slabon
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
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18
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Abdelhamid HN, El-Zohry AM, Cong J, Thersleff T, Karlsson M, Kloo L, Zou X. Towards implementing hierarchical porous zeolitic imidazolate frameworks in dye-sensitized solar cells. R Soc Open Sci 2019; 6:190723. [PMID: 31417762 PMCID: PMC6689607 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A one-pot method for encapsulation of dye, which can be applied for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), and synthesis of hierarchical porous zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8), is reported. The size of the encapsulated dye tunes the mesoporosity and surface area of ZIF-8. The mesopore size, Langmuir surface area and pore volume are 15 nm, 960-1500 m2 · g-1 and 0.36-0.61 cm3 · g-1, respectively. After encapsulation into ZIF-8, the dyes show longer emission lifetimes (greater than 4-8-fold) as compared to the corresponding non-encapsulated dyes, due to suppression of aggregation, and torsional motions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Nasser Abdelhamid
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
- Advanced Multifunctional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
- Authors for correspondence: Hani Nasser Abdelhamid e-mail: ,
| | - Ahmed M. El-Zohry
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, PO Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jiayan Cong
- Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
- Authors for correspondence: Jiayan Cong e-mail:
| | - Thomas Thersleff
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Martin Karlsson
- Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Kloo
- Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaodong Zou
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
- Authors for correspondence: Xiaodong Zou e-mail:
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Li Y, Wang X, Thersleff T, Svensson G, Hedin N. Silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO)-Templated Activated Carbons. ACS Omega 2019; 4:9889-9895. [PMID: 31460079 PMCID: PMC6648489 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microporous activated carbon was prepared by depositing and pyrolyzing propylene within the microporous voids of SAPO-37 and subsequently removing the template by a treatment with HCl and NaOH. The carbon had a high surface area and large micropore and ultramicropore volumes. The yield, crystallinity, morphology, and adsorption properties compared well with those of a structurally related zeolite-Y-templated carbon. No HF was needed to remove the SAPO-37 template in contrast to the zeolite Y template, which could be of industrial importance.
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20
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Ma Z, Thersleff T, Görne AL, Cordes N, Liu Y, Jakobi S, Rokicinska A, Schichtl ZG, Coridan RH, Kustrowski P, Schnick W, Dronskowski R, Slabon A. Quaternary Core-Shell Oxynitride Nanowire Photoanode Containing a Hole-Extraction Gradient for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:19077-19086. [PMID: 31067020 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b02483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A nanowire photoanode SrTaO2N, a semiconductor suitable for overall water-splitting with a band gap of 2.3 eV, was coated with functional overlayers to yield a core-shell structure while maintaining its one-dimensional morphology. The nanowires were grown hydrothermally on tantalum, and the perovskite-related oxynitride structure was obtained by nitridation. Three functional overlayers have been deposited on the nanowires to enhance the efficiency of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation. The deposition of TiO x protects the oxynitride from photocorrosion and suppresses charge-carrier recombination at the surface. Ni(OH) x acts a hole-storage layer and decreases the dark-current contribution. This leads to a significantly improved extraction of photogenerated holes to the electrode-electrolyte surface. The photocurrents can be increased by the deposition of a cobalt phosphate (CoPi) layer as a cocatalyst. The heterojunction nanowire photoanode generates a current density of 0.27 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V vs the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) under simulated sunlight (AM 1.5G). Simultaneously, the dark-current contribution, a common problem for oxynitride photoanodes grown on metallic substrates, is almost completely minimized. This is the first report of a quaternary oxynitride nanowire photoanode in core-shell geometry containing functional overlayers for synergetic hole extraction and an electrocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Ma
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , D-52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Thomas Thersleff
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Stockholm University , Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C , 106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Arno L Görne
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , D-52056 Aachen , Germany
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Stockholm University , Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C , 106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Niklas Cordes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Munich (LMU) , Butenandtstraße 5-13 (D) , 81377 Munich , Germany
| | - Yanbing Liu
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , D-52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Simon Jakobi
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , D-52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Anna Rokicinska
- Faculty of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 2 , 30-387 Krakow , Poland
| | - Zebulon G Schichtl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
| | - Robert H Coridan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
| | - Piotr Kustrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 2 , 30-387 Krakow , Poland
| | - Wolfgang Schnick
- Department of Chemistry , University of Munich (LMU) , Butenandtstraße 5-13 (D) , 81377 Munich , Germany
| | - Richard Dronskowski
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , D-52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Adam Slabon
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Stockholm University , Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C , 106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
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21
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Negi D, Spiegelberg J, Muto S, Thersleff T, Ohtsuka M, Schönström L, Tatsumi K, Rusz J. Proposal for Measuring Magnetism with Patterned Apertures in a Transmission Electron Microscope. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:037201. [PMID: 30735420 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.037201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We propose a magnetic measurement method utilizing a patterned postsample aperture in a transmission electron microscope. While utilizing electron magnetic circular dichroism, the method circumvents previous needs to shape the electron probe to an electron vortex beam or astigmatic beam. The method can be implemented in standard scanning transmission electron microscopes by replacing the spectrometer entrance aperture with a specially shaped aperture, hereafter called a ventilator aperture. The proposed setup is expected to work across the whole range of beam sizes-from wide parallel beams down to atomic resolution magnetic spectrum imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Negi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jakob Spiegelberg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shunsuke Muto
- Electron Nanoscopy Section, Advanced Measurement Technology Center, Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Thomas Thersleff
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Masahiro Ohtsuka
- Department of Materials Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Linus Schönström
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kazuyoshi Tatsumi
- Advanced Measurement Technology Center, Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Ján Rusz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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22
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Thersleff T, Muto S, Werwiński M, Spiegelberg J, Kvashnin Y, Hjӧrvarsson B, Eriksson O, Rusz J, Leifer K. Towards sub-nanometer real-space observation of spin and orbital magnetism at the Fe/MgO interface. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44802. [PMID: 28338011 PMCID: PMC5364495 DOI: 10.1038/srep44802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While the performance of magnetic tunnel junctions based on metal/oxide interfaces is determined by hybridization, charge transfer, and magnetic properties at the interface, there are currently only limited experimental techniques with sufficient spatial resolution to directly observe these effects simultaneously in real-space. In this letter, we demonstrate an experimental method based on Electron Magnetic Circular Dichroism (EMCD) that will allow researchers to simultaneously map magnetic transitions and valency in real-space over interfacial cross-sections with sub-nanometer spatial resolution. We apply this method to an Fe/MgO bilayer system, observing a significant enhancement in the orbital to spin moment ratio that is strongly localized to the interfacial region. Through the use of first-principles calculations, multivariate statistical analysis, and Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy (EELS), we explore the extent to which this enhancement can be attributed to emergent magnetism due to structural confinement at the interface. We conclude that this method has the potential to directly visualize spin and orbital moments at buried interfaces in magnetic systems with unprecedented spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Thersleff
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shunsuke Muto
- Advanced Measurement Technology Center, Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Mirosław Werwiński
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.,Institute of Molecular Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jakob Spiegelberg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yaroslav Kvashnin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björgvin Hjӧrvarsson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olle Eriksson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ján Rusz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Klaus Leifer
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
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Spiegelberg J, Rusz J, Thersleff T, Pelckmans K. Analysis of electron energy loss spectroscopy data using geometric extraction methods. Ultramicroscopy 2017; 174:14-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Spiegelberg J, Thersleff T, Rusz J. B23-O-07Multivariate Statistical Analysis of EMCD Spectra measured at the Fe/MgO Interface. Microscopy (Oxf) 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfv165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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25
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Thersleff T, Rusz J, Rubino S, Hjörvarsson B, Ito Y, Zaluzec NJ, Leifer K. Erratum: Quantitative analysis of magnetic spin and orbital moments from an oxidized iron (1 1 0) surface using electron magnetic circular dichroism. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15590. [PMID: 26512907 PMCID: PMC4625469 DOI: 10.1038/srep15590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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26
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Thersleff T, Rusz J, Rubino S, Hjörvarsson B, Ito Y, J. Zaluzec N, Leifer K. Quantitative analysis of magnetic spin and orbital moments from an oxidized iron (1 1 0) surface using electron magnetic circular dichroism. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13012. [PMID: 26278134 PMCID: PMC4538391 DOI: 10.1038/srep13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the ramifications of reduced crystalline symmetry on magnetic behavior is a critical step in improving our understanding of nanoscale and interfacial magnetism. However, investigations of such effects are often controversial largely due to the challenges inherent in directly correlating nanoscale stoichiometry and structure to magnetic behavior. Here, we describe how to use Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) to obtain Electron Magnetic Circular Dichroism (EMCD) signals as a function of scattering angle to locally probe the magnetic behavior of thin oxide layers grown on an Fe (1 1 0) surface. Experiments and simulations both reveal a strong dependence of the magnetic orbital to spin ratio on its scattering vector in reciprocal space. We exploit this variation to extract the magnetic properties of the oxide cladding layer, showing that it locally may exhibit an enhanced orbital to spin moment ratio. This finding is supported here by both spatially and angularly resolved EMCD measurements, opening up the way for compelling investigations into how magnetic properties are affected by nanoscale features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Thersleff
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Division of Applied Materials, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Rusz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefano Rubino
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Division of Applied Materials, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Yasuo Ito
- Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Nestor J. Zaluzec
- Electron Microscopy Center, NanoScience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Klaus Leifer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Haindl S, Kidszun M, Oswald S, Hess C, Buchner B, Kolling S, Wilde L, Thersleff T, Yurchenko VV, Jourdan M, Hiramatsu H, Hosono H. Thin film growth of Fe-based superconductors: from fundamental properties to functional devices. A comparative review. Rep Prog Phys 2014; 77:046502. [PMID: 24695004 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/77/4/046502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fe-based superconductors bridge a gap between MgB2 and the cuprate high temperature superconductors as they exhibit multiband character and transition temperatures up to around 55 K. Investigating Fe-based superconductors thus promises answers to fundamental questions concerning the Cooper pairing mechanism, competition between magnetic and superconducting phases, and a wide variety of electronic correlation effects. The question addressed in this review is, however, is this new class of superconductors also a promising candidate for technical applications? Superconducting film-based technologies range from high-current and high-field applications for energy production and storage to sensor development for communication and security issues and have to meet relevant needs of today’s society and that of the future. In this review we will highlight and discuss selected key issues for Fe-based superconducting thin film applications. We initially focus our discussion on the understanding of physical properties and actual problems in film fabrication based on a comparison of different observations made in the last few years. Subsequently we address the potential for technological applications according to the current situation.
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Polcar T, Gustavsson F, Thersleff T, Jacobson S, Cavaleiro A. Complex frictional analysis of self-lubricant W-S-C/Cr coating. Faraday Discuss 2012; 156:383-401; discussion 413-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fd00003b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kidszun M, Haindl S, Thersleff T, Hänisch J, Kauffmann A, Iida K, Freudenberger J, Schultz L, Holzapfel B. Critical current scaling and anisotropy in oxypnictide superconductors. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:137001. [PMID: 21517413 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.137001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Having succeeded in the fabrication of epitaxial superconducting LaFeAsO(1-x)F(x) thin films we performed an extensive study of electrical transport properties. In the face of multiband superconductivity we can demonstrate that an anisotropic Ginzburg-Landau scaling of the angular dependent critical current densities can be adopted, although being originally developed for single band superconductors. In contrast with single band superconductors the mass anisotropy of LaFeAsO(1-x)F(x) is temperature dependent. A very steep increase of the upper critical field and the irreversibility field can be observed at temperatures below 6 K, indicating that the band with the smaller gap is in the dirty limit. This temperature dependence can be theoretically described by two dominating bands responsible for superconductivity. A pinning force scaling provides insight into the prevalent pinning mechanism and can be specified in terms of the Kramer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kidszun
- IFW Dresden, Institute for Metallic Materials, P.O. Box 270116, 01171 Dresden, Germany. M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro López
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Division of Applied Materials Science, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Hoess
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Division of Applied Materials Science, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas Thersleff
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Division of Applied Materials Science, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marjam Ott
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Division of Applied Materials Science, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Engqvist
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Division of Applied Materials Science, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Persson
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Division of Applied Materials Science, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Haindl S, Kidszun M, Kauffmann A, Nenkov K, Kozlova N, Freudenberger J, Thersleff T, Hänisch J, Werner J, Reich E, Schultz L, Holzapfel B. High upper critical fields and evidence of weak-link behavior in superconducting LaFeAsO1-xFx thin films. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:077001. [PMID: 20366908 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.077001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Superconducting LaFeAsO1-xFx thin films were grown on single crystalline LaAlO3 substrates with critical temperatures (onset) up to 28 K. Resistive measurements in high magnetic fields up to 40 T reveal a paramagnetically limited upper critical field mu{0}H{c2}(0) around 77 T and a remarkable steep slope of -6.2 T K-1 near T{c}. From transport measurements we observed weak-link behavior in low magnetic fields and evidence for a broad reversible regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Haindl
- IFW Dresden, P. O. Box 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany.
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