1
|
De Sloovere D, Mylavarapu SK, D'Haen J, Thersleff T, Jaworski A, Grins J, Svensson G, Stoyanova R, Jøsang LO, Prakasha KR, Merlo M, Martínez E, Nel-Lo Pascual M, Jacas Biendicho J, Van Bael MK, Hardy A. Phase Engineering via Aluminum Doping Enhances the Electrochemical Stability of Lithium-Rich Cobalt-Free Layered Oxides for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Small 2024:e2400876. [PMID: 38429239 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Lithium-rich, cobalt-free oxides are promising potential positive electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries because of their high energy density, lower cost, and reduced environmental and ethical concerns. However, their commercial breakthrough is hindered because of their subpar electrochemical stability. This work studies the effect of aluminum doping on Li1.26 Ni0.15 Mn0.61 O2 as a lithium-rich, cobalt-free layered oxide. Al doping suppresses voltage fade and improves the capacity retention from 46% for Li1.26 Ni0.15 Mn0.61 O2 to 67% for Li1.26 Ni0.15 Mn0.56 Al0.05 O2 after 250 cycles at 0.2 C. The undoped material has a monoclinic Li2 MnO3 -type structure with spinel on the particle edges. In contrast, Al-doped materials (Li1.26 Ni0.15 Mn0.61-x Alx O2 ) consist of a more stable rhombohedral phase at the particle edges, with a monoclinic phase core. For this core-shell structure, the formation of Mn3+ is suppressed along with the material's decomposition to a disordered spinel, and the amount of the rhombohedral phase content increases during galvanostatic cycling. Whereas previous studies generally provided qualitative insight into the degradation mechanisms during electrochemical cycling, this work provides quantitative information on the stabilizing effect of the rhombohedral shell in the doped sample. As such, this study provides fundamental insight into the mechanisms through which Al doping increases the electrochemical stability of lithium-rich cobalt-free layered oxides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dries De Sloovere
- Institute for Materials Research (imo-Imomec), UHasselt and Imec, Agoralaan, building D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
- EnergyVille, Thor Park 8320, Genk, 3600, Belgium
| | - Satish Kumar Mylavarapu
- Institute for Materials Research (imo-Imomec), UHasselt and Imec, Agoralaan, building D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
- EnergyVille, Thor Park 8320, Genk, 3600, Belgium
| | - Jan D'Haen
- Institute for Materials Research (imo-Imomec), UHasselt and Imec, Agoralaan, building D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
| | - Thomas Thersleff
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Aleksander Jaworski
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Jekabs Grins
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Svensson
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Radostina Stoyanova
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bldg. 11, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Maximiliano Merlo
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research-IREC, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
| | - Elías Martínez
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research-IREC, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
| | - Marc Nel-Lo Pascual
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research-IREC, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
| | - Jordi Jacas Biendicho
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research-IREC, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
| | - Marlies K Van Bael
- Institute for Materials Research (imo-Imomec), UHasselt and Imec, Agoralaan, building D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
- EnergyVille, Thor Park 8320, Genk, 3600, Belgium
| | - An Hardy
- Institute for Materials Research (imo-Imomec), UHasselt and Imec, Agoralaan, building D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
- EnergyVille, Thor Park 8320, Genk, 3600, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ulu Okudur F, Batuk M, Hadermann J, Safari M, De Sloovere D, Kumar Mylavarapu S, Joos B, D'Haen J, Van Bael MK, Hardy A. Solution-gel-based surface modification of LiNi 0.5Mn 1.5O 4-δ with amorphous Li-Ti-O coating. RSC Adv 2023; 13:33146-33158. [PMID: 37954421 PMCID: PMC10634291 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05599j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
LNMO (LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4-δ) is a high-energy density positive electrode material for lithium ion batteries. Unfortunately, it suffers from capacity loss and impedance rise during cycling due to electrolyte oxidation and electrode/electrolyte interface instabilities at high operating voltages. Here, a solution-gel synthesis route was used to coat 0.5-2.5 μm LNMO particles with amorphous Li-Ti-O (LTO) for improved Li conduction, surface structural stability and cyclability. High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) analysis coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) showed Ti-rich amorphous coatings/islands or Ti-rich spinel layers on many of the LTO-modified LNMO facets, with a thickness varying from about 1 to 10 nm. The surface modification in the form of amorphous islands was mostly possible on high-energy crystal facets. Physicochemical observations were used to propose a molecular mechanism for the surface modification, combining insights from metalorganic chemistry with the crystallographic properties of LNMO. The improvements in functional properties were investigated in half cells. The cell impedance increased faster for the bare LNMO compared to amorphous LTO modified LNMO, resulting in Rct values as high as 1247 Ω (after 1000 cycles) for bare LNMO, against 216 Ω for the modified material. At 10C, the modified material boosted a 15% increase in average discharge capacity. The improvements in electrochemical performance were attributed to the increase in electrochemically active surface area, as well as to improved HF-scavenging, resulting in the formation of protective byproducts, generating a more stable interface during prolonged cycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fulya Ulu Okudur
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (imo-imomec) and imec division imomec, Design and Synthesis of Inorganic Materials Agoralaan, EnergyVille 2, Thor Park 8320, 3600 Genk 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Maria Batuk
- EMAT, University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 B-2020 Belgium
| | - Joke Hadermann
- EMAT, University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 B-2020 Belgium
| | - Mohammadhosein Safari
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (imo-imomec) and imec division imomec Agoralaan, EnergyVille 2, Thor Park 8320, 3600 Genk 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Dries De Sloovere
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (imo-imomec) and imec division imomec, Design and Synthesis of Inorganic Materials Agoralaan, EnergyVille 2, Thor Park 8320, 3600 Genk 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Satish Kumar Mylavarapu
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (imo-imomec) and imec division imomec, Design and Synthesis of Inorganic Materials Agoralaan, EnergyVille 2, Thor Park 8320, 3600 Genk 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Bjorn Joos
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (imo-imomec) and imec division imomec, Design and Synthesis of Inorganic Materials Agoralaan, EnergyVille 2, Thor Park 8320, 3600 Genk 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Jan D'Haen
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (imo-imomec) and imec division imomec, Materials Physics Wetenschapspark 1 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Marlies K Van Bael
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (imo-imomec) and imec division imomec, Design and Synthesis of Inorganic Materials Agoralaan, EnergyVille 2, Thor Park 8320, 3600 Genk 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - An Hardy
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (imo-imomec) and imec division imomec, Design and Synthesis of Inorganic Materials Agoralaan, EnergyVille 2, Thor Park 8320, 3600 Genk 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lataf A, Carleer R, Yperman J, Schreurs S, D'Haen J, Cuypers A, Vandamme D. The screening of various biochars for Cd 2+ removal at relevant soil pH. Waste Manag 2023; 168:376-385. [PMID: 37348380 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Fourteen biochars from seven biomass sources were investigated on their long-term Cd2+ removal. The experiments consisted of a ten-day batch Cd2+ adsorption in a pH-buffered solution (pH = 6) to minimise pH effects. Insect frass, spent peat and chicken manure-derived biochars are promising Cd2+ adsorbents. Pyrolysis temperature was crucial for optimising Cd2+ removal by insect frass and spent peat-derived biochars. For these biochars, a pyrolysis temperature of 450 °C was optimal. In contrast, the Cd2+ removal by chicken manure biochars was independent of pyrolysis temperature. The Cd2+ removal by insect-frass and spent peat-derived biochars was associated with chemisorption on surface functionalities, while using chicken manure biochars was more associated with Cd2+ precipitation. The kinetics of Cd2+ removal over the course of ten days showed that insect frass biochar (450 °C) showed a gradual increase from 36 to 75 % Cd2+ removal, while chicken manure and spent peat-derived biochar (450 °C) already showed a higher Cd2+ removal (72 - 89 %) after day 1. This evidences that a long-term Cd2+ removal effect can be expected for some biochars. This should certainly be taken into consideration in future soil-based experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Lataf
- Analytical and Circular Chemistry, IMO, CMK, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - R Carleer
- Analytical and Circular Chemistry, IMO, CMK, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - J Yperman
- Analytical and Circular Chemistry, IMO, CMK, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - S Schreurs
- NuTeC, CMK, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building H, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - J D'Haen
- Institute for Materials Research and Imec division Imomec (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - A Cuypers
- Environmental Biology, CMK, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - D Vandamme
- Analytical and Circular Chemistry, IMO, CMK, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Song W, Zhang X, Lammar S, Qiu W, Kuang Y, Ruttens B, D'Haen J, Vaesen I, Conard T, Abdulraheem Y, Aernouts T, Zhan Y, Poortmans J. Critical Role of Perovskite Film Stoichiometry in Determining Solar Cell Operational Stability: a Study on the Effects of Volatile A-Cation Additives. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:27922-27931. [PMID: 35687012 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Volatile A-cation halide (AX) additives such as formamidinium chloride and methylammonium chloride have been widely employed for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, it remains unstudied how they influence the perovskite film stoichiometry and the solar cell performance and operational stability. Hereby, our work shows that over annealing of formamidinium chloride-containing perovskite films leads to a Pb-rich surface, resulting in a high initial efficiency, which however decays during maximum power point tracking (MPPT). On the contrary, perovskite films obtained by a shorter annealing time at the same temperature provide good stability during MPPT but a lower initial efficiency. Thus, we deduce that an optimal annealing is vital for both high efficiency and operational stability, which is then confirmed in the case where methylammonium chloride additive is used. With optimized perovskite annealing conditions, we demonstrate efficient and stable p-i-n PSCs that show a best power conversion efficiency of 20.7% and remain 90% of the initial performance after a 200 h MPPT at 60 °C under simulated 1 sun illumination with high UV content. Our work presents a comprehensive understanding on how volatile AX impacts perovskite film stoichiometry and its correlation to the device performance and operational stability, providing a new guideline for fabricating high-efficiency and operationally stable PSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Song
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Thin Film PV Technology─Partner in Solliance, Imec, imo-imomec, Thor Park 8320, Genk 3600, Belgium
- EnergyVille, imo-imomec, Thor Park 8320, Genk 3600, Belgium
- Hasselt University, imo-imomec, Martelarenlaan 42, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Thin Film PV Technology─Partner in Solliance, Imec, imo-imomec, Thor Park 8320, Genk 3600, Belgium
- EnergyVille, imo-imomec, Thor Park 8320, Genk 3600, Belgium
- Hasselt University, imo-imomec, Martelarenlaan 42, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
- Center for Micro Nano Systems, School of Information Science and Technology (SIST), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Academy for Engineering & Technology (FAET), Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Stijn Lammar
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Thin Film PV Technology─Partner in Solliance, Imec, imo-imomec, Thor Park 8320, Genk 3600, Belgium
- EnergyVille, imo-imomec, Thor Park 8320, Genk 3600, Belgium
- Hasselt University, imo-imomec, Martelarenlaan 42, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
| | | | - Yinghuan Kuang
- Thin Film PV Technology─Partner in Solliance, Imec, imo-imomec, Thor Park 8320, Genk 3600, Belgium
- EnergyVille, imo-imomec, Thor Park 8320, Genk 3600, Belgium
- Hasselt University, imo-imomec, Martelarenlaan 42, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
| | - Bart Ruttens
- Hasselt University, imo-imomec, Martelarenlaan 42, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
| | - Jan D'Haen
- Hasselt University, imo-imomec, Martelarenlaan 42, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
| | | | | | - Yaser Abdulraheem
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Kuwait University, Safat 13060, Kuwait
| | - Tom Aernouts
- Thin Film PV Technology─Partner in Solliance, Imec, imo-imomec, Thor Park 8320, Genk 3600, Belgium
- EnergyVille, imo-imomec, Thor Park 8320, Genk 3600, Belgium
- Hasselt University, imo-imomec, Martelarenlaan 42, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
| | - Yiqiang Zhan
- Center for Micro Nano Systems, School of Information Science and Technology (SIST), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Academy for Engineering & Technology (FAET), Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jef Poortmans
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Thin Film PV Technology─Partner in Solliance, Imec, imo-imomec, Thor Park 8320, Genk 3600, Belgium
- EnergyVille, imo-imomec, Thor Park 8320, Genk 3600, Belgium
- Hasselt University, imo-imomec, Martelarenlaan 42, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hamed H, Henderick L, Choobar BG, D'Haen J, Detavernier C, Hardy A, Safari M. A limitation map of performance for porous electrodes in lithium-ion batteries. iScience 2021; 24:103496. [PMID: 34934918 PMCID: PMC8661466 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Driven by expanding interest in battery storage solutions and the success story of lithium-ion batteries, the research for the discovery and optimization of new battery materials and concepts is at peak. The generation of experimental (dis)charge data using coin cells is fast and feasible and proves to be a favorite practice in the battery research labs. The quantitative interpretation of the data, however, is not trivial and decelerates the process of screening and optimization of electrode materials and recipes. Here, we introduce the concept of polarographic map and demonstrate how it can be leveraged to quantify the contribution of different non-equilibrium phenomena to the performance limitation and total polarization of a lithium-ion cell. We showcase the accuracy and diagnostic power of this approach by preparing and analyzing the electrochemical performance of 54 sets of LiNixMnyCo1-x-yO2 electrodes with different formulations and designs discharged in a range of 0.2C-5C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Hamed
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-imomec), UHasselt, Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- Energyville, Thor Park 8320, B-3600 Genk, Belgium
| | - Lowie Henderick
- Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S1, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Behnam Ghalami Choobar
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-imomec), UHasselt, Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Jan D'Haen
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-imomec), UHasselt, Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- IMEC Division IMOMEC, BE-3590 Belgium
| | - Christophe Detavernier
- Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S1, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - An Hardy
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-imomec), UHasselt, Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- Energyville, Thor Park 8320, B-3600 Genk, Belgium
- IMEC Division IMOMEC, BE-3590 Belgium
| | - Mohammadhosein Safari
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-imomec), UHasselt, Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- Energyville, Thor Park 8320, B-3600 Genk, Belgium
- IMEC Division IMOMEC, BE-3590 Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yari S, D'Haen J, Van Bael MK, Hardy A, Safari M. Fracture-induced aging anomalies in LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 electrodes. Electrochem commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2021.107134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
7
|
Verboven I, Nithyanandakumar RS, Van Landeghem M, Pellaers H, Ruttens B, D'Haen J, Vandewal K, Deferme W. Ultrasonic spray coating of polyethylenimine (ethoxylated) as electron injection and transport layer for organic light emitting diodes: The influence of layer morphology and thickness on the interface physics between polyethylenimine (ethoxylated) and the Al cathode. Nano Select 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Inge Verboven
- Hasselt University Institute for Materials Research (IMO‐IMOMEC) Wetenschapspark 1 Diepenbeek B‐3590 Belgium
| | | | - Melissa Van Landeghem
- Hasselt University Institute for Materials Research (IMO‐IMOMEC) Wetenschapspark 1 Diepenbeek B‐3590 Belgium
| | - Hilde Pellaers
- Hasselt University Institute for Materials Research (IMO‐IMOMEC) Wetenschapspark 1 Diepenbeek B‐3590 Belgium
| | - Bart Ruttens
- Hasselt University Institute for Materials Research (IMO‐IMOMEC) Wetenschapspark 1 Diepenbeek B‐3590 Belgium
| | - Jan D'Haen
- Hasselt University Institute for Materials Research (IMO‐IMOMEC) Wetenschapspark 1 Diepenbeek B‐3590 Belgium
| | - Koen Vandewal
- Hasselt University Institute for Materials Research (IMO‐IMOMEC) Wetenschapspark 1 Diepenbeek B‐3590 Belgium
| | - Wim Deferme
- Hasselt University Institute for Materials Research (IMO‐IMOMEC) Wetenschapspark 1 Diepenbeek B‐3590 Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Merchiers J, Martínez Narváez CDV, Slykas C, Buntinx M, Deferme W, D'Haen J, Peeters R, Sharma V, Reddy NK. Centrifugally spun poly(ethylene oxide) fibers rival the properties of electrospun fibers. Journal of Polymer Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorgo Merchiers
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO‐IMOMEC), Hasselt University Diepenbeek Belgium
- IMEC vzw Division IMOMEC Diepenbeek Belgium
| | | | - Cheryl Slykas
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago Illinois 60608 USA
| | - Mieke Buntinx
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO‐IMOMEC), Hasselt University Diepenbeek Belgium
- IMEC vzw Division IMOMEC Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Wim Deferme
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO‐IMOMEC), Hasselt University Diepenbeek Belgium
- IMEC vzw Division IMOMEC Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Jan D'Haen
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO‐IMOMEC), Hasselt University Diepenbeek Belgium
- IMEC vzw Division IMOMEC Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Roos Peeters
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO‐IMOMEC), Hasselt University Diepenbeek Belgium
- IMEC vzw Division IMOMEC Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago Illinois 60608 USA
| | - Naveen K. Reddy
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO‐IMOMEC), Hasselt University Diepenbeek Belgium
- IMEC vzw Division IMOMEC Diepenbeek Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Van Gompel WTM, Herckens R, Van Hecke K, Ruttens B, D'Haen J, Lutsen L, Vanderzande D. Towards 2D layered hybrid perovskites with enhanced functionality: introducing charge-transfer complexes via self-assembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:2481-2484. [PMID: 30734783 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09955c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study broadens the family of 2D layered perovskites by demonstrating that it is possible to self-assemble organic charge-transfer complexes in their organic layer. Organic charge-transfer complexes, formed by combining charge-donating and charge-accepting molecules, are a diverse class of materials that can possess exceptional optical and electronic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wouter T M Van Gompel
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hybrid Materials Design (HyMaD), Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gu Y, Yperman J, Carleer R, D'Haen J, Maggen J, Vanderheyden S, Vanreppelen K, Garcia RM. Adsorption and photocatalytic removal of Ibuprofen by activated carbon impregnated with TiO 2 by UV-Vis monitoring. Chemosphere 2019; 217:724-731. [PMID: 30448752 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The removal of Ibuprofen was investigated by activated carbon impregnated with TiO2. Emphasis was given on the effect of different parameters, such as composite type, initial Ibuprofen concentration (5-25 mg/L), temperature (22-28 °C) and pH (acidic and alkaline solution). The experiment was carried out in a self-made tubular flow reactor, with one 15 W monochromatic UV lamp (254 nm). The composite AC90T10 gives the highest removal degree of 92% of Ibuprofen solution under UV light within 4 h, due to synergy of adsorption and photodegradation. It was found that weight ratio of composite/Ibuprofen has limited effect on the removal degree within the concentration range (5-25 mg/L), but reaction time under UV light (4 h) and pH (acidic solution) are very important. The kinetic experimental data obtained at pH 4.3 at 25 °C on different composites were fitted to pseudo-first, pseudo-second and Elovich models, obtaining a high accuracy based on R2 values. From the results, composites of granular activated carbon and TiO2 can enhance removal of Ibuprofen effectively, making recycle process much easier and less costly, which can be a promising method in future water treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gu
- Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Jan Yperman
- Research Group of Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Robert Carleer
- Research Group of Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jan D'Haen
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; IMOMEC, IMEC vzw, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jens Maggen
- Research Group of Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sara Vanderheyden
- Research Group of Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Kenny Vanreppelen
- Research Group of Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Roberto Machado Garcia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, Universidad de Oriente, Cuba
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cornelissen R, Bøggild A, Thiruvallur Eachambadi R, Koning RI, Kremer A, Hidalgo-Martinez S, Zetsche EM, Damgaard LR, Bonné R, Drijkoningen J, Geelhoed JS, Boesen T, Boschker HTS, Valcke R, Nielsen LP, D'Haen J, Manca JV, Meysman FJR. The Cell Envelope Structure of Cable Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3044. [PMID: 30619135 PMCID: PMC6307468 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cable bacteria are long, multicellular micro-organisms that are capable of transporting electrons from cell to cell along the longitudinal axis of their centimeter-long filaments. The conductive structures that mediate this long-distance electron transport are thought to be located in the cell envelope. Therefore, this study examines in detail the architecture of the cell envelope of cable bacterium filaments by combining different sample preparation methods (chemical fixation, resin-embedding, and cryo-fixation) with a portfolio of imaging techniques (scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and tomography, focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy). We systematically imaged intact filaments with varying diameters. In addition, we investigated the periplasmic fiber sheath that remains after the cytoplasm and membranes were removed by chemical extraction. Based on these investigations, we present a quantitative structural model of a cable bacterium. Cable bacteria build their cell envelope by a parallel concatenation of ridge compartments that have a standard size. Larger diameter filaments simply incorporate more parallel ridge compartments. Each ridge compartment contains a ~50 nm diameter fiber in the periplasmic space. These fibers are continuous across cell-to-cell junctions, which display a conspicuous cartwheel structure that is likely made by invaginations of the outer cell membrane around the periplasmic fibers. The continuity of the periplasmic fibers across cells makes them a prime candidate for the sought-after electron conducting structure in cable bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Bøggild
- Center for Electromicrobiology, Department of Bioscience Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Structural Biology Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Roman I Koning
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anna Kremer
- Bio-imaging Core, Flemish Institute of Biotechnology (VIB), Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Eva-Maria Zetsche
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars R Damgaard
- Center for Electromicrobiology, Department of Bioscience Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Boesen
- Center for Electromicrobiology, Department of Bioscience Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Structural Biology Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henricus T S Boschker
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Roland Valcke
- Molecular and Physical Plant Physiology, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Lars Peter Nielsen
- Center for Electromicrobiology, Department of Bioscience Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan D'Haen
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | - Filip J R Meysman
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kellens E, Bové H, Vandenryt T, Lambrichts J, Dekens J, Drijkoningen S, D'Haen J, Ceuninck WD, Thoelen R, Junkers T, Haenen K, Ethirajan A. Micro-patterned molecularly imprinted polymer structures on functionalized diamond-coated substrates for testosterone detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 118:58-65. [PMID: 30056301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) can selectively bind target molecules and can therefore be advantageously used as a low-cost and robust alternative to replace fragile and expensive natural receptors. Yet, one major challenge in using MIPs for sensor development is the lack of simple and cost-effective techniques that allow firm fixation as well as controllable and consistent receptor material distribution on the sensor substrate. In this work, a convenient method is presented wherein microfluidic systems in conjunction with in situ photo-polymerization on functionalized diamond substrates are used. This novel strategy is simple, efficient, low-cost and less time consuming. Moreover, the approach ensures a tunable and consistent MIP material amount and distribution between different sensor substrates and thus a controllable active sensing surface. The obtained patterned MIP structures are successfully tested as a selective sensor platform to detect physiological concentrations of the hormone disruptor testosterone in buffer, urine and saliva using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The highest added testosterone concentration (500 nM) in buffer resulted in an impedance signal of 10.03 ± 0.19% and the lowest concentration (0.5 nM) led to a measurable signal of 1.8 ± 0.15% for the MIPs. With a detection limit of 0.5 nM, the MIP signals exhibited good linearity between a 0.5 nM and 20 nM concentration range. Apart from the excellent and selective recognition offered by these MIP structures, they are also stable during and after the dynamic sensor measurements. Additionally, the MIPs can be easily regenerated by a simple washing procedure and are successfully tested for their reusability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Kellens
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1 and Agoralaan D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; IMOMEC, IMEC vzw, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Bové
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1 and Agoralaan D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Thijs Vandenryt
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1 and Agoralaan D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; IMOMEC, IMEC vzw, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Lambrichts
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1 and Agoralaan D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; IMOMEC, IMEC vzw, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jolien Dekens
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1 and Agoralaan D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sien Drijkoningen
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1 and Agoralaan D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; IMOMEC, IMEC vzw, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jan D'Haen
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1 and Agoralaan D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; IMOMEC, IMEC vzw, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ward De Ceuninck
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1 and Agoralaan D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; IMOMEC, IMEC vzw, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ronald Thoelen
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1 and Agoralaan D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; IMOMEC, IMEC vzw, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1 and Agoralaan D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ken Haenen
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1 and Agoralaan D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; IMOMEC, IMEC vzw, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Anitha Ethirajan
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1 and Agoralaan D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; IMOMEC, IMEC vzw, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pirotte G, Kesters J, Cardeynaels T, Verstappen P, D'Haen J, Lutsen L, Champagne B, Vanderzande D, Maes W. The Impact of Acceptor-Acceptor Homocoupling on the Optoelectronic Properties and Photovoltaic Performance of PDTSQx ff Low Bandgap Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800086. [PMID: 29682847 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Push-pull-type conjugated polymers applied in organic electronics do not always contain a perfect alternation of donor and acceptor building blocks. Misscouplings can occur, which have a noticeable effect on the device performance. In this work, the influence of homocoupling on the optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performance of PDTSQxff polymers is investigated, with a specific focus on the quinoxaline acceptor moieties. A homocoupled biquinoxaline segment is intentionally inserted in specific ratios during the polymerization. These homocoupled units cause a gradually blue-shifted absorption, while the highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels decrease only significantly upon the presence of 75-100% of homocouplings. Density functional theory calculations show that the homocoupled acceptor unit generates a twist in the polymer backbone, which leads to a decreased conjugation length and a reduced aggregation tendency. The virtually defect-free PDTSQxff affords a solar cell efficiency of 5.4%, which only decreases substantially upon incorporating a homocoupling degree over 50%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geert Pirotte
- UHasselt - Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Design & Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS), Electrical and Physical Characterization (ELPHYC), Agoralaan-Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jurgen Kesters
- UHasselt - Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Design & Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS), Electrical and Physical Characterization (ELPHYC), Agoralaan-Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tom Cardeynaels
- UHasselt - Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Design & Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS), Electrical and Physical Characterization (ELPHYC), Agoralaan-Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry Unit, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Pieter Verstappen
- UHasselt - Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Design & Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS), Electrical and Physical Characterization (ELPHYC), Agoralaan-Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jan D'Haen
- UHasselt - Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Design & Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS), Electrical and Physical Characterization (ELPHYC), Agoralaan-Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,IMEC - IMOMEC, Universitaire Campus - Wetenschapspark 1, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lutsen
- IMEC - IMOMEC, Universitaire Campus - Wetenschapspark 1, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry Unit, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Dirk Vanderzande
- UHasselt - Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Design & Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS), Electrical and Physical Characterization (ELPHYC), Agoralaan-Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,IMEC - IMOMEC, Universitaire Campus - Wetenschapspark 1, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Wouter Maes
- UHasselt - Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Design & Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS), Electrical and Physical Characterization (ELPHYC), Agoralaan-Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,IMEC - IMOMEC, Universitaire Campus - Wetenschapspark 1, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ulu Okudur F, D'Haen J, Vranken T, De Sloovere D, Verheijen M, Karakulina OM, Abakumov AM, Hadermann J, Van Bael MK, Hardy A. Ti surface doping of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4−δ positive electrodes for lithium ion batteries. RSC Adv 2018; 8:7287-7300. [PMID: 35540314 PMCID: PMC9078446 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12932g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The particle surface of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4−δ (LNMO), a Li-ion battery cathode material, has been modified by Ti cation doping through a hydrolysis–condensation reaction followed by annealing in oxygen. The effect of different annealing temperatures (500–850 °C) on the Ti distribution and electrochemical performance of the surface modified LNMO was investigated. Ti cations diffuse from the preformed amorphous ‘TiOx’ layer into the LNMO surface during annealing at 500 °C. This results in a 2–4 nm thick Ti-rich spinel surface having lower Mn and Ni content compared to the core of the LNMO particles, which was observed with scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with compositional EDX mapping. An increase in the annealing temperature promotes the formation of a Ti bulk doped LiNi(0.5−w)Mn(1.5+w)−tTitO4 phase and Ti-rich LiNi0.5Mn1.5−yTiyO4 segregates above 750 °C. Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry indicates increasing Ni–Mn ordering with annealing temperature, for both bare and surface modified LNMO. Ti surface modified LNMO annealed at 500 °C shows a superior cyclic stability, coulombic efficiency and rate performance compared to bare LNMO annealed at 500 °C when cycled at 3.4–4.9 V vs. Li/Li+. The improvements are probably due to suppressed Ni and Mn dissolution with Ti surface doping. LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4−δ surface is doped with Ti ion maintaining the spinel structure at 500 °C, higher annealing temperatures cause Ti diffusion from surface towards the core.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F. Ulu Okudur
- UHasselt
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC)
- Partner in Energyville, Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Belgium
| | - J. D'Haen
- UHasselt
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC)
- Materials Physics
- Belgium
| | - T. Vranken
- UHasselt
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC)
- Partner in Energyville, Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Belgium
| | - D. De Sloovere
- UHasselt
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC)
- Partner in Energyville, Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Belgium
| | - M. Verheijen
- UHasselt
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC)
- Partner in Energyville, Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Belgium
| | | | - A. M. Abakumov
- EMAT
- University of Antwerp
- B-2020 Belgium
- Skoltech Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology
| | | | - M. K. Van Bael
- UHasselt
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC)
- Partner in Energyville, Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Belgium
| | - A. Hardy
- UHasselt
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC)
- Partner in Energyville, Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Although the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) is a well-studied species, the functional morphology of its pretarsal structure is still not fully understood. We conducted an in-depth scanning electron microscopic study on these complex structures to contribute to the comprehension of the pretarsal structure-function relationships. As a result, this study has provided valuable information on the ultrastructure of the pretarsus, and in particular on the spines of the unguitractor surface and the small spines and scalloped surface of the claws with longitudinal grooves. Special attention was given to the adhesive contact zone of the arolium with its highly specialized fibrillary cuticle texture. Remarkably, several of the observed pretarsal structures, such as the pyramidal structures on the unguitractor and the thin hairs on both the grooved claws, and the hairs of the manubrium have not been previously described. All observed structures in this study were characterized with respect to their possible physiological and mechanical roles.
Collapse
|
16
|
Hosseinkhani B, van den Akker N, D'Haen J, Gagliardi M, Struys T, Lambrichts I, Waltenberger J, Nelissen I, Hooyberghs J, Molin DG, Michiels L. Direct detection of nano-scale extracellular vesicles derived from inflammation-triggered endothelial cells using surface plasmon resonance. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 2017; 13:1663-1671. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
17
|
Marchal W, Vandevenne G, D'Haen J, Calmont de Andrade Almeida A, Durand Sola MA, van den Ham EJ, Drijkoningen J, Elen K, Deferme W, Van Bael MK, Hardy A. Ultrasonically spray coated silver layers from designed precursor inks for flexible electronics. Nanotechnology 2017; 28:215202. [PMID: 28471754 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa6d3a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Integration of electronic circuit components onto flexible materials such as plastic foils, paper and textiles is a key challenge for the development of future smart applications. Therefore, conductive metal features need to be deposited on temperature sensitive substrates in a fast and straightforward way. The feasibility of these emerging (nano-) electronic technologies depends on the availability of well-designed deposition techniques and on novel functional metal inks. As ultrasonic spray coating (USSC) is one of the most promising techniques to meet the above requirements, innovative metal organic decomposition (MOD) inks are designed to deposit silver features on plastic foils. Various amine ligands were screened and their influence on the ink stability and the characteristics of the resulting metal depositions were evaluated to determine the optimal formulation. Eventually, silver layers with excellent performance in terms of conductivity (15% bulk silver conductivity), stability, morphology and adhesion could be obtained, while operating in a very low temperature window of 70 °C-120 °C. Moreover, the optimal deposition conditions were determined via an in-depth analysis of the ultrasonically sprayed silver layers. Applying these tailored MOD inks, the USSC technique enabled smooth, semi-transparent silver layers with a tunable thickness on large areas without time-consuming additional sintering steps after deposition. Therefore, this novel combination of nanoparticle-free Ag-inks and the USSC process holds promise for high throughput deposition of highly conductive silver features on heat sensitive substrates and even 3D objects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Marchal
- UHasselt, Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research(IMO-IMOMEC), Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Agoralaan, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. IMEC vzw, division IMOMEC, Agoralaan, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bové H, Steuwe C, Fron E, Slenders E, D'Haen J, Fujita Y, Uji-I H, vandeVen M, Roeffaers M, Ameloot M. Biocompatible Label-Free Detection of Carbon Black Particles by Femtosecond Pulsed Laser Microscopy. Nano Lett 2016; 16:3173-8. [PMID: 27104759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Although adverse health effects of carbon black (CB) exposure are generally accepted, a direct, label-free approach for detecting CB particles in fluids and at the cellular level is still lacking. Here, we report nonincandescence related white-light (WL) generation by dry and suspended carbon black particles under illumination with femtosecond (fs) pulsed near-infrared light as a powerful tool for the detection of these carbonaceous materials. This observation is done for four different CB species with diameters ranging from 13 to 500 nm, suggesting this WL emission under fs near-infrared illumination is a general property of CB particles. As the emitted radiation spreads over the whole visible spectrum, detection is straightforward and flexible. The unique property of the described WL emission allows optical detection and unequivocal localization of CB particles in fluids and in cellular environments while simultaneously colocalizing different cellular components using various specific fluorophores as shown here using human lung fibroblasts. The experiments are performed on a typical multiphoton laser-scanning microscopy platform, widely available in research laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannelore Bové
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University , Agoralaan Building C, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | | | - Eli Slenders
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University , Agoralaan Building C, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jan D'Haen
- Institute for Material Research, Hasselt University , Wetenschapspark 1, 3950 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | - Hiroshi Uji-I
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University , N20W10, Kita-Ward Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Martin vandeVen
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University , Agoralaan Building C, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | - Marcel Ameloot
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University , Agoralaan Building C, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Vandewijngaarden J, Murariu M, Dubois P, Carleer R, Yperman J, D'Haen J, Peeters R, Buntinx M. Effect of ultrafine talc on crystallization and end-use properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate). J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Vandewijngaarden
- Research Group of Applied and Analytical Chemistry; Hasselt University; Diepenbeek 3590 Belgium
- Research Group Packaging Technology Center, IMO-IMOMEC; Hasselt University; Diepenbeek 3590 Belgium
| | - Marius Murariu
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials; Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons & Materia Nova Research Centre; Mons 7000 Belgium
| | - Philippe Dubois
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials; Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons & Materia Nova Research Centre; Mons 7000 Belgium
| | - Robert Carleer
- Research Group of Applied and Analytical Chemistry; Hasselt University; Diepenbeek 3590 Belgium
| | - Jan Yperman
- Research Group of Applied and Analytical Chemistry; Hasselt University; Diepenbeek 3590 Belgium
| | - Jan D'Haen
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO); Hasselt University; Diepenbeek 3590 Belgium
- IMOMEC, IMEC Vzw; Diepenbeek 3590 Belgium
| | - Roos Peeters
- Research Group Packaging Technology Center, IMO-IMOMEC; Hasselt University; Diepenbeek 3590 Belgium
| | - Mieke Buntinx
- Research Group Packaging Technology Center, IMO-IMOMEC; Hasselt University; Diepenbeek 3590 Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sankaran KJ, Hoang DQ, Korneychuk S, Kunuku S, Thomas JP, Pobedinskas P, Drijkoningen S, Van Bael MK, D'Haen J, Verbeeck J, Leou KC, Leung KT, Lin IN, Haenen K. Hierarchical hexagonal boron nitride nanowall–diamond nanorod heterostructures with enhanced optoelectronic performance. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19596b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Covering diamond nanorod with hexagonal boron nitride nanowalls is an effective approach for the fabrication of hierarchical heterostructured field emission devices that open new prospects in flat panel displays and high brightness electron sources.
Collapse
|
21
|
Dexters W, Bourgeois E, Nesládek M, D'Haen J, Goovaerts E, Haenen K. Molecular orientation of lead phthalocyanine on (100) oriented single crystal diamond surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:9619-23. [PMID: 25779759 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00174a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lead phthalocyanine (PbPc) thin films of 5 and 50 nm have been deposited on hydrogen and oxygen terminated single crystal diamond (SCD) using organic molecular beam deposition. Atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies showed that PbPc grown on the hydrogen terminated SCD forms layers with a high degree of crystallinity, dominated by the monoclinic (320) orientation parallel to the diamond surface. The oxygen terminated diamond led to a randomly oriented PbPc film. Absorption and photocurrent measurements indicated the presence of both polymorphs of PbPc, however, the ratio differed depending on the termination of the SCD. Finally, polarized Raman spectroscopy was used to determine the orientation of the molecules of the thin film. The results confirmed the random orientation on the O-terminated diamond. On SCD:H, the PbPc molecules are lying down in accordance with the XRD results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wim Dexters
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dierckx W, Oosterbaan WD, Bolsée JC, Cardinaletti I, Maes W, Boyen HG, D'Haen J, Nesladek M, Manca J. Organic phototransistors using poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanofibres. Nanotechnology 2015; 26:065201. [PMID: 25597282 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/6/065201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the fabrication of nanofibre-based organic phototransistors (OPTs) using preformed poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) nanofibres. OPT performance is analysed based on two important parameters: photoresponsivity R and photosensitivity P. Before testing the devices as OPTs, the normal organic field-effect transistor (OFET) operation is characterized, revealing a surface-coverage-dependent performance. With R reaching 250 A W(-1) in the on-state (V(GS) = -40 V) and P reaching 6.8 × 10(3) in the off-state (V(GS) = 10 V) under white light illumination (I(inc) = 0.91 mW cm(-2)), the best nanofibre-based OPTs outperform the OPTs fabricated from a solution of P3HT in chlorobenzene, in which no preformed fibres are present. The better performance is attributed to an increase in active layer crystallinity, a better layer connectivity and an improved edge-on orientation of the thiophene rings along the polymer backbone, resulting in a longer exciton diffusion length and enhanced charge carrier mobility, linked to a decreased interchain coupling energy. In addition, the increased order in the active layer crystallinity induces a better spectral overlap between the white light emission spectrum and the active layer absorption spectrum, and the absorption of incident light is maximised by the favourable parallel orientation of the polymer chains with respect to the OPT substrate. Combining both leads to an increase in the overall light absorption. In comparison with previously reported solution-processed organic OPTs, it is shown here that no special dielectric surface treatment or post-deposition treatment of the active device layer is needed to obtain high OPT performance. Finally, it is also shown that, inherent to an intrinsic gate-tuneable gain mechanism, changing the gate potential results in a variation of R over at least five orders of magnitude. As such, it is shown that R can be adjusted according to the incident light intensity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Dierckx
- Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. IMO-IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kuypers S, Pramanik SK, D'Olieslaeger L, Reekmans G, Peters M, D'Haen J, Vanderzande D, Junkers T, Adriaensens P, Ethirajan A. Interfacial thiol–isocyanate reactions for functional nanocarriers: a facile route towards tunable morphologies and hydrophilic payload encapsulation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:15858-15861. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05258k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Design of nanocarriers with tunable morphology using the in situ thiol–isocyanate interfacial reactions.
Collapse
|
24
|
Marchal W, De Dobbelaere C, Kesters J, Bonneux G, Vandenbergh J, Damm H, Junkers T, Maes W, D'Haen J, Van Bael MK, Hardy A. Combustion deposition of MoO3 films: from fundamentals to OPV applications. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18001e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong indications for combustion in films illustrated by morphological properties of the functional MoO3 layers.
Collapse
|
25
|
Conings B, Baeten L, De Dobbelaere C, D'Haen J, Manca J, Boyen HG. Perovskite-based hybrid solar cells exceeding 10% efficiency with high reproducibility using a thin film sandwich approach. Adv Mater 2014; 26:2041-2046. [PMID: 24338932 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Organometal halide perovskites have tremendous potential as light absorbers for photovoltaic applications. In this work we demonstrate hybrid solar cells based on the mixed perovskite CH3 NH3 PbI2 Cl in a thin film sandwich structure, with unprecedented reproducibility and generating efficiencies up to 10.8%. The successfulness of our approach is corroborated by the experimental electronic structure determination of this perovskite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bert Conings
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University - and associated, lab IMEC division IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yin H, Wang Q, Geburt S, Milz S, Ruttens B, Degutis G, D'Haen J, Shan L, Punniyakoti S, D'Olieslaeger M, Wagner P, Ronning C, Boyen HG. Controlled synthesis of ultrathin ZnO nanowires using micellar gold nanoparticles as catalyst templates. Nanoscale 2013; 5:7046-7053. [PMID: 23807664 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr01938a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a simple and effective approach to control the diameter of ultrathin ZnO nanowires with high aspect ratios and high densities over large areas. Diblock copolymer-based nanoparticle arrays exhibiting a high degree of hexagonal order and offering easy control of particle size (typically 1-10 nm) and interparticle spacing (25-150 nm) are utilized as nanocatalysts for the subsequent growth of semiconductor nanowires. The as-grown ZnO nanowires exhibit a single crystal hexagonal wurtzite structure and grow along the [0002] direction. Facetted catalyst particles were observed at the tip of the nanowires after synthesis, thus suggesting a catalyst-assisted vapor-solid-solid (VSS) rather than a vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth mechanism, the latter being frequently used in semiconductor nanowire production. Such a growth process allows us to easily prepare ultrathin ZnO nanowires with tunable diameters well below 10 nm by taking advantage of the inherent size control of the micellar method during deposition of the catalyst nanoparticles. Raman spectroscopy reveals a phonon confinement effect as the diameter of nanowires decreases. Photoluminescence spectra of these ultrathin nanowires indicate a blue shift of the free excitons and their phonon replicas by 37 meV induced by quantum confinement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yin
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Piersimoni F, Degutis G, Bertho S, Vandewal K, Spoltore D, Vangerven T, Drijkoningen J, Van Bael MK, Hardy A, D'Haen J, Maes W, Vanderzande D, Nesladek M, Manca J. Influence of fullerene photodimerization on the PCBM crystallization in polymer: Fullerene bulk heterojunctions under thermal stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fortunato Piersimoni
- Hasselt University; Institute for Materials Research-IMEC, Ass. Lab. IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1; B-3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Giedrius Degutis
- Hasselt University; Institute for Materials Research-IMEC, Ass. Lab. IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1; B-3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Sabine Bertho
- Hasselt University; Institute for Materials Research-IMEC, Ass. Lab. IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1; B-3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Koen Vandewal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Stanford University; Stanford California 94305
| | - Donato Spoltore
- Hasselt University; Institute for Materials Research-IMEC, Ass. Lab. IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1; B-3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Tim Vangerven
- Hasselt University; Institute for Materials Research-IMEC, Ass. Lab. IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1; B-3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Jeroen Drijkoningen
- Hasselt University; Institute for Materials Research-IMEC, Ass. Lab. IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1; B-3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Marlies K. Van Bael
- Hasselt University; Institute for Materials Research-IMEC, Ass. Lab. IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1; B-3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - An Hardy
- Hasselt University; Institute for Materials Research-IMEC, Ass. Lab. IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1; B-3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Jan D'Haen
- Hasselt University; Institute for Materials Research-IMEC, Ass. Lab. IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1; B-3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Wouter Maes
- Hasselt University; Institute for Materials Research-IMEC, Ass. Lab. IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1; B-3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Dirk Vanderzande
- Hasselt University; Institute for Materials Research-IMEC, Ass. Lab. IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1; B-3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Milos Nesladek
- Hasselt University; Institute for Materials Research-IMEC, Ass. Lab. IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1; B-3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Jean Manca
- Hasselt University; Institute for Materials Research-IMEC, Ass. Lab. IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1; B-3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Damm H, Kelchtermans A, Bertha A, Van den Broeck F, Elen K, Martins JC, Carleer R, D'Haen J, De Dobbelaere C, Hadermann J, Hardy A, Van Bael MK. Thermal decomposition synthesis of Al-doped ZnO nanoparticles: an in-depth study. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43328e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
29
|
Kelchtermans A, Elen K, Schellens K, Conings B, Damm H, Boyen HG, D'Haen J, Adriaensens P, Hardy A, Van Bael MK. Relation between synthesis conditions, dopant position and charge carriers in aluminium-doped ZnO nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41847b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
30
|
Van Mierloo S, Vasseur K, Van den Brande N, Boyukbayram AE, Ruttens B, Rodriguez SD, Botek E, Liégeois V, D'Haen J, Adriaensens PJ, Heremans P, Champagne B, Van Assche G, Lutsen L, Vanderzande DJ, Maes W. Functionalized Dithienylthiazolo[5,4-d]thiazoles For Solution-Processable Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Chempluschem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201200132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
31
|
Baeten L, Conings B, D'Haen J, De Dobbelaere C, Hardy A, Manca JV, Van Bael MK. Tuning the Dimensions of ZnO Nanorod Arrays for Application in Hybrid Photovoltaics. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:2777-83. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
32
|
Velghe I, Carleer R, Yperman J, Schreurs S, D'Haen J. Characterisation of adsorbents prepared by pyrolysis of sludge and sludge/disposal filter cake mix. Water Res 2012; 46:2783-2794. [PMID: 22402272 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Copper and zinc removal from water (pH = 5.0) using adsorbents produced from slow and fast pyrolysis of industrial sludge and industrial sludge mixed with a disposal filter cake (FC), post treated with HCl, is investigated in comparison with a commercial adsorbent F400. The results show that a pseudo-second order kinetics model is followed. The Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm model is found to fit the data best. The capacity for heavy metal removal of studied adsorbents is generally better than that of commercial F400. The dominant heavy metal removal mechanism is cation exchange. Higher heavy metal removal capacity is associated with fast pyrolysis adsorbents and sludge/FC derived adsorbents, due to enhanced cation exchange. Improvement of Zn(2+) removal via 1 N HCl post-treatment is only effective when exchangeable cations of the adsorbent are substituted with H(+) ions, which boost the cation exchange capacity. Increase of temperature also enhances metal removal capacity. Fast pyrolysis sludge-based adsorbents can be reused after several adsorption-desorption cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Velghe
- NuTeC, Department TIW, XIOS, Agoralaan Gebouw H, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Baeten L, Conings B, Boyen HG, D'Haen J, Hardy A, D'Olieslaeger M, Manca JV, Van Bael MK. Towards efficient hybrid solar cells based on fully polymer infiltrated ZnO nanorod arrays. Adv Mater 2011; 23:2802-5. [PMID: 21506174 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linny Baeten
- Institute for Materials Research, Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Hasselt University, Agoralaan building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mens R, Chambon S, Bertho S, Reggers G, Ruttens B, D'Haen J, Manca J, Carleer R, Vanderzande D, Adriaensens P. Description of the nanostructured morphology of [6,6]-phenyl-C61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) by XRD, DSC and solid-state NMR. Magn Reson Chem 2011; 49:242-247. [PMID: 21491481 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 12/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PCBM or [6,6]-phenyl-C(61)-butyric acid methyl ester is nowadays still one of the most successful electron acceptors for plastic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photovoltaic devices. In this study, a set of complementary techniques, i.e. solid-state NMR, XRD and DSC, is proposed as a fast and sensitive tool to screen the morphology of PCBM specimens with different preparation histories. Based on proton NMR relaxation decay time values, an interval can be derived that situates the average crystal dimensions and which can further be refined on the basis of XRD patterns and DSC thermograms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Mens
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mens R, Bertho S, Chambon S, D'Haen J, Lutsen L, Manca J, Gelan J, Vanderzande D, Adriaensens P. Solid-state NMR as a tool to describe and quantify the morphology of photoactive layers used in plastic solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
36
|
Martens T, D'Haen J, Munters T, Goris L, Beelen Z, Manca J, D'Olieslaeger M, Vanderzande D, Schepper LD, Andriessen R. The influence of the microstructure upon the photovoltaic performance of MDMOPPV: PCBM bulk hetero-junction organic solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-725-p7.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn this paper, a clear view on the bulk microstructure of MDMO-PPV:PCBM blends as used in bulk hetero-junction organic solar cells is obtained by means of TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy). Using TEM, 3-dimensional information is acquired on phase separated regions, formed during casting. Particle statistics illustrate quantitatively that a.o. drying conditions and choice of solvent dramatically influence the blend structure. More information about the lateral blend structure and distribution is obtained in cross-sectional view. Since blend morphology is strongly related to photovoltaic performance, TEM can be a powerful tool for understanding today's photovoltaic performances and screening new sets of materials.
Collapse
|
37
|
Lepot N, Van Bael MK, Van den Rul H, D'Haen J, Peeters R, Franco D, Mullens J. Influence of incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles and biaxial orientation on mechanical and oxygen barrier properties of polypropylene films for food packaging applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
38
|
Haenen K, Lazea A, Barjon J, D'Haen J, Habka N, Teraji T, Koizumi S, Mortet V. P-doped diamond grown on (110)-textured microcrystalline diamond: growth, characterization and devices. J Phys Condens Matter 2009; 21:364204. [PMID: 21832310 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/36/364204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The formation and properties of (110)-textured P-doped microcrystalline CVD diamond were studied. Based on several microscopy techniques, with a special emphasis on electron backscattered diffraction, a detailed determination of the grain orientations with respect to the exact [110] axis is given. The different orientations present in the film, in combination with low phosphine concentrations in the gas phase, lead to a variation in P incorporation that can vary over three orders of magnitude, as determined with cathodoluminescence mapping. The role of the surface morphology in the observation of these large incorporation differences is explained. Hall measurements confirm that the films are n-type conductive with a thermal activation energy of 0.56 eV. Based on B-doped substrates, pn junctions were created, showing a rectification ratio of nearly 10(4) at ± 25 V.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Haenen
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. Division IMOMEC, IMEC vzw, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Elen K, Van den Rul H, Hardy A, Van Bael MK, D'Haen J, Peeters R, Franco D, Mullens J. Hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO nanorods: a statistical determination of the significant parameters in view of reducing the diameter. Nanotechnology 2009; 20:055608. [PMID: 19417355 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/5/055608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this paper a 2(8-4) fractional factorial design of experiments is applied to identify the important parameters that affect the average diameter of ZnO rods, synthesized by means of a hydrothermal procedure. A water-based Zn(2+) precursor is used for the formation of one-dimensional ZnO particles, without the presence of an organic additive. Results indicate that, at the investigated levels, four of the parameters have a significant effect on the mean diameter. These are the temperature, the heating rate, stirring and an ultrasonic pre-treatment of the precursor solution. Experiments carried out with zinc acetate and zinc chloride do not show a significant difference in rod diameter. Other parameters that do not show a significant effect are the concentration of Zn(2+), the molar ratio between the hydroxyl and the zinc ions, and the reaction time. Interactions are observed between stirring and an ultrasonic pre-treatment and between the zinc concentration and the OH:Zn ratio. By fixing the significant factors at their optimal value it is possible to decrease the mean diameter. The particles are characterized by means of x-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Elen
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research, Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Jammaer J, Aerts A, D'Haen J, Seo JW, Martens JA. Convenient synthesis of ordered mesoporous silica at room temperature and quasi-neutral pH. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b915273c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
41
|
Oosterbaan WD, Vrindts V, Berson S, Guillerez S, Douhéret O, Ruttens B, D'Haen J, Adriaensens P, Manca J, Lutsen L, Vanderzande D. Efficient formation, isolation and characterization of poly(3-alkylthiophene) nanofibres: probing order as a function of side-chain length. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b900670b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
42
|
Wenmackers S, Pop SD, Roodenko K, Vermeeren V, Williams OA, Daenen M, Douhéret O, D'Haen J, Hardy A, Van Bael MK, Hinrichs K, Cobet C, vandeVen M, Ameloot M, Haenen K, Michiels L, Esser N, Wagner P. Structural and optical properties of DNA layers covalently attached to diamond surfaces. Langmuir 2008; 24:7269-7277. [PMID: 18558777 DOI: 10.1021/la800464p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Label-free detection of DNA molecules on chemically vapor-deposited diamond surfaces is achieved with spectroscopic ellipsometry in the infrared and vacuum ultraviolet range. This nondestructive method has the potential to yield information on the average orientation of single as well as double-stranded DNA molecules, without restricting the strand length to the persistence length. The orientational analysis based on electronic excitations in combination with information from layer thicknesses provides a deeper understanding of biological layers on diamond. The pi-pi* transition dipole moments, corresponding to a transition at 4.74 eV, originate from the individual bases. They are in a plane perpendicular to the DNA backbone with an associated n-pi* transition at 4.47 eV. For 8-36 bases of single- and double-stranded DNA covalently attached to ultra-nanocrystalline diamond, the ratio between in- and out-of-plane components in the best fit simulations to the ellipsometric spectra yields an average tilt angle of the DNA backbone with respect to the surface plane ranging from 45 degrees to 52 degrees . We comment on the physical meaning of the calculated tilt angles. Additional information is gathered from atomic force microscopy, fluorescence imaging, and wetting experiments. The results reported here are of value in understanding and optimizing the performance of the electronic readout of a diamond-based label-free DNA hybridization sensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Wenmackers
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research, Material Physics, and Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hannig C, Huber K, Lambrichts I, Gräser J, D'Haen J, Hannig M. Detection of salivary α-amylase and lysozyme exposed on the pellicle formedin situ on different materials. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 83:98-103. [PMID: 17380501 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Amylase and lysozyme are components of the salivary pellicle, exposing considerable enzymatic activity in the immobilized state. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the influence of different solid substrata on the amount and distribution of amylase and lysozyme exposed on the surface of the salivary pellicle formed in situ. Slabs of titanium, feldspar ceramic, and bovine enamel were fixed on the buccal sites of individual splints worn by three subjects for 3 or 30 min, respectively, to allow pellicle formation. Subsequently, slabs were removed from the splints and rinsed with running water. Detection of amylase and lysozyme was performed by FEI-SEM after gold-immunolabeling of the enzymes. Both enzymes were found to be distributed randomly at the pellicle surface. Irrespective of formation time and substratum, significantly more labeled lysozyme molecules (5.23 +/- 4.5 microm(-2)) were detected compared with amylase (3.4 +/- 2.9 microm(-2)). Neither the substratum nor the pellicle formation time had significant impact on the amount of the respective enzyme that could be detected. This study for the first time provides evidence, that amylase and lysozyme are exposed at the surface of the salivary pellicle formed in situ on titanium and ceramics. Both enzymes are distributed randomly on the surface of the pellicle, irrespective of the underlying substratum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hannig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Street 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mens R, Adriaensens P, Lutsen L, Swinnen A, Bertho S, Ruttens B, D'Haen J, Manca J, Cleij T, Vanderzande D, Gelan J. NMR study of the nanomorphology in thin films of polymer blends used in organic PV devices: MDMO-PPV/PCBM. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
45
|
Bogdan G, Nesládek M, D'Haen J, Maes J, Moshchalkov VV, Haenen K, D'Olieslaeger M. Growth and characterization of near-atomically flat, thick homoepitaxial CVD diamond films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pssa.200561930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
46
|
Mortet V, Elmazria O, Nesládek M, Elhakiki M, Vanhoyland G, D'Haen J, D'Olieslaeger M, Alnot P. Structural characterisations of AlN/diamond structures used for surface acoustic wave device applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/pssa.200303821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
47
|
|
48
|
Mortet V, Nesladek M, D'Haen J, Vanhoyland G, Elmazria O, Assouar M, Alnot P, D'Olieslaeger M. Deposition of Aluminium Nitride Film by Magnetron Sputtering for Diamond-Based Surface Acoustic Wave Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-396x(200210)193:3<482::aid-pssa482>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
49
|
Sarret G, Vangronsveld J, Manceau A, Musso M, D'Haen J, Menthonnex JJ, Hazemann JL. Accumulation forms of Zn and Pb in Phaseolus vulgaris in the presence and absence of EDTA. Environ Sci Technol 2001; 35:2854-2859. [PMID: 11452622 DOI: 10.1021/es000219d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The internalized speciation of Zn and Pb in roots and leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris grown in zinc sulfate, zinc EDTA, lead nitrate, and lead EDTA solutions were studied by electron microscopy (Zn) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy (Zn and Pb). Zn was predominantly present as Zn phosphate dihydrate in the roots and leaves of the plant regardless of its form in solution. Pb was predominantly found in the leaves as cerussite (lead carbonate) when the plant was grown in Pb nitrate solution and as a mixture of PbEDTA and an undetermined species in contact with PbEDTA solution. Therefore, Phaseolus vulgaris is able to dissociate totally (Zn) or partly (Pb) the two metal-EDTA complexes from the nutrient solution and to bind these metals in other forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Sarret
- Environmental Geochemistry Group, LGIT-IRIGM, University of Grenoble and CNRS, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|